abstract: UNASSIGNED: In this study, we investigated the impact of the cell membrane composition of @entity797 on its recognition by the host immune system. To this end, we employed an @entity797 deletion mutant (  bgsA) that does not synthesize the major cell membrane glycolipid @entity70184 ( @entity43898 ). Proteomic analysis revealed that 13 of a total of 21 upregulated surface-associated proteins of @entity797   bgsA were lipoproteins. This led to a total lipoprotein content in the cell membrane of 35.8% in   bgsA compared to only 9.4% in wild-type bacteria. Increased lipoprotein content strongly affected the recognition of   bgsA by @entity19 macrophages in vitro with an increased stimulation of @entity637 production by heat-fixed bacteria and secreted antigens. Inactivation of the prolipoprotein @entity2366 transferase ( @entity5053 ) in   bgsA abrogated @entity637 induction by a   bgsA_lgt double mutant indicating that lipoproteins mediate increased activation of @entity19 macrophages by   bgsA. Heat-fixed   bgsA bacteria, culture supernatant, or cell membrane lipid extract activated transfected HEK cells in a TLR2-dependent fashion; the same was not true of wild-type bacteria. In @entity19 infected intraperitoneally with a sublethal dose of @entity797 we observed a 70% greater mortality in @entity19 infected with   bgsA compared with wild-type-infected @entity19 . Increased mortality due to   bgsA infection was associated with elevated plasma levels of the inflammatory cytokines @entity637 , IL-6 and MIP-2. In summary, our results provide evidence that an @entity797 mutant lacking its major bilayer forming glycolipid @entity43898 upregulates lipoprotein expression leading to increased activation of the host innate immune system and virulence in vivo.

title: XXXX Glycolipids Modulate Lipoprotein-Content of the Bacterial Cell Membrane and Host Immune Response.

entities_list: @entity2366 :: ('CHEBI:41847', 'Chemical') :: ['diacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity70184 :: ('MESH:C114516', 'Chemical') :: ['diglycosyl-diacylglycerol']

answer: @entity797 :: (1351,Species) :: ['Enterococcus faecalis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Contradictory reports have been published on gastric emptying in @entity1 with @entity1575 . The differences have been attributed to differences in the innervation of the stomach or in the behaviour of the gastric wall. The type of test meal used may, however, have its importance. We looked for the role of the test meal in the assessment of gastric emptying in @entity82 . DESIGN: In a prospective study, we included 15 @entity1 with @entity1575 who had no symptoms of @entity4148 , portal hypertensive gastropathy or @entity19789 and 15 controls. In these subjects we estimated the gastric emptying and varied the type of test meals. METHODS: An ultrasonographic method was used for the estimation of gastric emptying. Antral area was monitored in the aorto-mesenteric plane in the fasting condition and at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 min after a test meal. Each @entity1 was tested twice on 2 consecutive days in randomized order with a liquid meal (220 kJ) and a semisolid meal (1472 kJ). RESULTS: Fasting antral areas (mean +/- SD) had similar size in both groups with both meals. Gastric emptying (expressed by the area under the curve and half-time (T1/2)) of the semisolid meal was not different in @entity82 (2347 +/- 1648) compared to controls (2840 +/- 1983). @entity4053 was also similar in both groups (312.2 +/- 133.6% in @entity82 vs. 397.9 +/- 155.6% in controls). But emptying of the liquid meal was accelerated in the cirrhotic @entity1 with respect to the area under the curve (AUC: 882 +/- 548) and half-time (12 +/- 2 min) vs. controls (AUC: 1863 +/- 1088, P<0.01; T1/2: 18 +/- 7 min, P<0.05). @entity4053 with the liquid meal was decreased (299.4 +/- 76.5% vs. 431.5 +/-154.0%, P<0.01, in controls). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that in @entity1 with @entity1575 free of @entity4148 and without portal hypertensive gastropathy or @entity19789 , gastric emptying of liquid low calorie meals is accelerated. The gastric emptying of a semisolid meal richer in calories is normal. Thus, the physical and chemical properties of a meal are major determinants of gastric emptying and may account for the large divergence of results hitherto published on this topic.

title: Gastric emptying in XXXX . The effect of the type of meal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity19789 :: ('MESH:D020252', 'Disease') :: ['antral vascular ectasia', 'vascular antral ectasia']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['Postprandial antral distension']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['liver cirrhosis']


abstract: Clinical trials of @entity1860 frequently rely on molecular markers as surrogates for clinical endpoints. Studies suggest that early molecular response (EMR) is a good indicator of a favorable prognosis and yet, to the authors' knowledge, the use of EMR as a robust surrogate marker for clinical response has yet to be fully explored. EMR to therapy appears to be affected by a variety of factors, including disease characteristics, risk score, adherence to treatment, and off-target effects of the treatment. Therefore, although molecular markers improve important research, they also bring with them important questions regarding their reliability. To be useful, markers must be must be easily measureable, capable of generating meaningful data, and clinically relevant. BCR-ABL1 is the hallmark marker in @entity1860 . Nevertheless, investigators still struggle with how best to measure and interpret both high and very low BCR-ABL1 levels. Statistical models of BCR-ABL1 kinetics must address these concerns and account for the BCR-ABL1 variability between and within @entity1 . Response models should also incorporate disease characteristics and other important parameters. @entity5 2014.    2014 American @entity5 Society.

title: Analyzing molecular response in XXXX clinical trials: Pitfalls and golden rules.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['chronic myeloid leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical resection in combination with radiotherapy in selected cases remains the best option for @entity1 with cerebral @entity3 . Postoperative relapse of brain @entity3 occurs frequently and can be reduced by postoperative whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT). Continuous spread of @entity5 cells from the primary lesions is debated as a cause of recurrence. It is well known that in @entity11 , infiltration takes place within the surrounding @entity4 . Obviously, most brain @entity3 are usually associated with @entity4 , which may act as an indicator of infiltration and more @entity146 biology. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the correlation of @entity5 and @entity4 volumes with overall survival in @entity1 with cerebral @entity3 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 143 @entity1 diagnosed with brain metastasis (male:female=1.1:1) who underwent surgical resection were included retrospectively in this analysis. Clinical data were retrieved from electronic @entity1 files. The volumes of @entity5 and @entity4 calculated by manual delineation. The ratio of @entity4 to @entity5 volume was calculated, leading to dichotomization of the @entity1 . RESULTS: The median @entity5 volume was 20.1 cc (range=0.8-90.8 cc) and the median volume of @entity4 49.5 cc (range=0-179.9 cc). The volume of @entity3 did not significantly correlate with overall survival. The ratio of @entity4 to @entity5 volume was also not a prognostic factor in terms of overall survival. Only surgical resection, preoperative recursive partitioning analysis class, and postoperative addition of WBRT, as well as female sex, demonstrated beneficial effects. CONCLUSION: The extent of @entity4 surrounding cerebral @entity3 does not appear to influence overall survival in @entity1 suffering from brain @entity3 , although it seems to be responsible for most of the @entity1 ' symptoms. The hypothesis that the extent of @entity4 was disadvantageous concerning survival was supported by our data.

title: Correlation of @entity5 and Peritumoral Edema Volumes with Survival in XXXX with Cerebral Metastases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive tumor']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['peritumoral edema', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: A method of plant culture was developed for growing large leaves of glandless @entity2708 on single stems. Chloroplasts isolated from these leaves actively reduced @entity9588 when assayed for the Hill reaction. Hill reaction activity increased 133% when the 0.5 m @entity969 isolation medium was replaced with 10% (w/v) @entity968 , both buffered at pH 7.6. The presence of 2 or 5% (w/v) bovine serum albumin in the @entity969 buffer did not increase Hill activity. @entity9588 reduction in the dark occurred in all assays, and the possibility of @entity6319 as the reductant is discussed. Half-life of the chloroplasts stored in 10% @entity653 at -23 C was 23 days. The @entity3104 ion at 0.01 m enhanced Hill reaction activity up to 171%. Leaves containing chloroplasts with the highest Hill reaction activity were found near the 8th node below the apex. Leaf water potentials less than -28 bars reduced the activity about 50%. Daylight conditions during the winter months in the greenhouse reduced the activity about 30%.

title: Some factors affecting the Hill reaction activity in XXXX chloroplasts.

entities_list: @entity6319 :: ('MESH:D006072', 'Chemical') :: ['gossypol']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity3104 :: ('MESH:D000644', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium']

entities_list: @entity9588 :: ('MESH:C007931', 'Chemical') :: ['Ferricyanide', 'ferricyanide']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity2708 :: (3635,Species) :: ['cotton']


abstract: This paper reports the simultaneous detection of the seven antidepressants @entity905 , @entity3659 , @entity5080 , @entity20364 , @entity5081 , @entity8991 , and @entity3346 in whole blood at concentration levels of 100-2000 ng/mL by gas chromatography with a @entity1568 - @entity3151 detector (GC-NPD). A comparative and validation study using two solid-phase extraction (SPE) columns, Chem Elut and Bond Elut Certify, were developed regarding their recovery, precision, sensitivity, and matrix purification efficiency. The Chem Elut columns, a diatomaceous earth, are closely related to conventional liquid-liquid extraction. The Bond Elut Certify columns, more recently developed in the market, are a mixed SPE: reversed-phase and cation exchange sorbent. Recoveries of the compounds using Chem Elut columns at 500 ng/mL were in the range 30-50%, with intra- and interassay precisions of less than 9% and 17%, respectively. Limits of detection (LODs) and quantitation ( @entity21211 ) ranged from 13 to 146 ng/mL and from 44 to 485 ng/mL, respectively. Recoveries of the compounds using Bond Elut Certify columns at 500 ng/mL were in the range 59-84% with intra- and interassay precisions of less than 8% and 11%, respectively. LODs and @entity21211 ranged from 8 to 67 ng/mL and from 25 to 223 ng/mL, respectively. An excellent linearity was observed with both extraction procedures from the @entity21211 up to 2000 ng/mL. Higher recoveries, cleaner extracts, better sensitivity, better precision, and less solvent consumption and disposal were achieved for the screening of these antidepressants with the use of the mixed SPE Bond Elut Certify compared with Chem Elut columns.

title: A comparative solid-phase extraction study for the simultaneous determination of @entity905 , @entity3659 , @entity5080 , XXXX , @entity5081 , @entity8991 , and @entity3346 in whole blood by capillary gas-liquid chromatography with @entity1568 - @entity3151 detection.

entities_list: @entity3346 :: ('MESH:D014196', 'Chemical') :: ['trazodone']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity8991 :: ('MESH:D002997', 'Chemical') :: ['clomipramine']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity5081 :: ('MESH:D008376', 'Chemical') :: ['maprotiline']

entities_list: @entity3659 :: ('MESH:D000639', 'Chemical') :: ['amitriptyline']

entities_list: @entity5080 :: ('MESH:D009661', 'Chemical') :: ['nortriptyline']

entities_list: @entity20364 :: ('MESH:D014299', 'Chemical') :: ['trimipramine']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

answer: @entity20364 :: (MESH:D014299,Chemical) :: ['trimipramine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity72 ( @entity72 ) are increasingly prevalent and have a significant impact on the lives of @entity1 and their families. Currently, the diagnosis is determined by clinical judgment and no definitive physiological biomarker for @entity72 exists. Quantitative biomarkers obtainable from clinical neuroimaging data - such as the scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) - would provide an important aid to clinicians in the diagnosis of @entity72 . The interpretation of prior studies in this area has been limited by mixed results and the lack of validation procedures. Here we use retrospective clinical data from a well-characterized population of @entity1 with @entity72 to evaluate the rhythms and coupling patterns present in the EEG to develop and validate an electrophysiological biomarker of @entity72 . METHODS: EEG data were acquired from a population of @entity72 (n   =   27) and control (n   =   55) @entity1 4-8 years old. Data were divided into training (n   =   13 @entity72 , n   =   24 control) and validation (n   =   14 @entity72 , n   =   31 control) groups. Evaluation of spectral and functional network properties in the first group of @entity1 motivated three biomarkers that were computed in the second group of age-matched @entity1 for validation. RESULTS: Three biomarkers of @entity72 were identified in the first @entity1 group: (1) reduced posterior/anterior power ratio in the alpha frequency range (8-14 Hz), which we label the "peak alpha ratio", (2) reduced global density in functional networks, and (3) a reduction in the mean connectivity strength of a subset of functional network edges. Of these three biomarkers, the first and third were validated in a second group of @entity1 . Using the two validated biomarkers, we were able to classify @entity72 subjects with 83 % sensitivity and 68 % specificity in a post-hoc analysis. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that clinical EEG can provide quantitative biomarkers to assist diagnosis of @entity2438 . These results corroborate the general finding that @entity72 subjects have decreased alpha power gradients and network connectivities compared to control subjects. In addition, this study demonstrates the necessity of using statistical techniques to validate EEG biomarkers identified using exploratory methods.

title: Robust disruptions in electroencephalogram cortical oscillations and large-scale functional networks in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'Autism spectrum disorders']

answer: @entity2438 :: (MESH:D001321,Disease) :: ['autism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5474 ( @entity5474 ) may show different presentation in @entity378 ( @entity378 )-endemic countries. The aim of this study was to identify clinical and radiological predictors favoring benign or malignant @entity5474 in @entity378 -endemic region. METHODS: Two hundred one SPNs in 201 consecutive Korean @entity1 were included (< 3 cm in diameter, all confirmed by pathology or bacteriology, 93 benign and 108 @entity5 ). For clinical parameters, age, sex, smoking status and amount, and past history of @entity1907 and @entity6 were investigated retrospectively. For radiological parameters, size, location, margin characteristics, presence of calcification, @entity456 , surrounding satellite nodule, cavitation, internal low attenuation, open bronchus sign, surrounding ground-glass opacity, enhancement pattern of the SPNs and mediastinal @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) enlargement were analyzed on chest CT scans. RESULTS: @entity1 with a older age (60.7 +/- 9.6 vs 56.2 +/- 13.1, p = 0.008) and more than 40-pack years smoking (27.8% vs 14.0%, p = 0.017) were more frequently related with malignant than benign @entity5474 . On chest CT scans, spiculated margin, contrast enhancement more than 20 Hounsfield unit and presence of @entity456 and mediastinal @entity1600 enlargement were more frequently observed in malignant than benign SPNs. In contrast to previous studies, satellite lesions (21.5% vs 1.9%, p < 0.001) and cavitation (20.4% vs 5.6%, p = 0.001) were more frequently seen in benign than malignant @entity5474 . Positive predictive values of benignity were 90.9% and 76.0%, respectively, when satellite lesions and cavitation were found in cases of @entity5474 . CONCLUSION: Satellite lesions and cavitation on chest CT scan could be useful predictors for benign @entity5474 in @entity378 .

title: Predictors for benign solitary pulmonary nodule in XXXX -endemic area.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant diseases']

entities_list: @entity5474 :: ('MESH:D003074', 'Disease') :: ['Solitary pulmonary nodule', 'SPN']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural tag']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB-endemic areas', 'TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate retrospectively and compare the long-term patency and the antihypertensive effect of open surgery, angioplasty, and stent insertion of the @entity2791 due to @entity12040 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed and compared the effects on blood pressure and permeability of the renal artery over 23 @entity1 (age ranging from 16 to 60 years, mean 33.9 years); with @entity2792 caused by @entity12040 . those @entity1 underwent surgical treatment (11 arteries) or endovascular (19) including angioplasty (11) and stenting (8) for 30 stenotic renal arteries. RESULTS: Technical success was 96.7% (29/30) without major complications (but longer period of hospitalization among @entity1 who had surgery). In the last follow-up CT angiography (mean 60    36 months), @entity256 was 18.2% (2/11) in the surgery, 9% (1/11) in the angioplasty, and 62.5% (5/8) in the stenting. Rate of the permeability of the surgery was 100%, 90.9% , 81.8%, the permeability of the angioplasty was 100%, 90.9%, 90.9%, primary patency rate stenting was 62.5%, 37.5%, 37.5%, assists permeability was 87.5%, 75%, 50% at 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively. In the clinical follow-up (mean 60    37.8 months, range 48-96 months) beneficial effects on blood pressure were achieved into 91.3% of @entity1 (21/23), and there was no significant difference between @entity1 who have been treated by surgery and angioplasty alone and the @entity1 who received a stent in at least one renal artery. CONCLUSION: Angioplasty has shown better long-term patency and a similar clinical benefit of @entity2792 in @entity2791 caused by @entity12040 compared with the surgery and the stenting. We suggest that stenting should be reserved in case of clear failure of the angioplasty. The surgery is our choice for @entity1 who do not meet the indication of endovascular treatment or failure of this treatment.

title: The results of treatment in XXXX due to @entity12040 : comparison between surgery, angioplasty, and stenting. A monocentrique retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ["Takayasu's arteritis"]

answer: @entity2791 :: (MESH:D012078,Disease) :: ['renal artery stenosis']


abstract: Modeling @entity1 neurobehavioral functions has the goal of identifying work-rest schedules that are safer and more productive. The models of Folkard et al. and of Jewett and Kronauer illustrate excellent progress toward this goal. Examination of these models reveals four additional areas that need to be addressed to facilitate continued development of accurate models of neurobehavioral functions. (1) The choice of neurobehavioral metrics may have a significant influence on model development. The lack of correlation among different neurobehavioral measures may make comparisons of models difficult. Many neurobehavioral measures are confounded by secondary and random error variance that can lead to model distortion. Although different models may ultimately be required for different neurobehavioral functions, measures that have been extensively validated to be sensitive to circadian variation and @entity25 should take priority in model development. (2) Because error variance in neurobehavioral outcomes can be substantial in uncontrolled environments, model validation should proceed from controlled laboratory protocols to real-world scenarios. Once validated, the ability of a model to predict field data can be tested. (3) While neurobehavioral models have been developed to predict behavior over time (i.e., within-subjects), to be useful in the real world, models will also ultimately have to provide estimates of between-subject variation in vulnerability to @entity4934 during night work or @entity25 (e.g., younger versus older workers). (4) Finally, to be theoretically accurate and practically useful, models of @entity1 neurobehavioral functions should be able to predict both cumulative effects (i.e., across days or weeks) and the influence of countermeasures (e.g., light, naps, @entity5834 ).

title: Commentary: future considerations for models of XXXX neurobehavioral function.

entities_list: @entity4934 :: ('MESH:D019954', 'Disease') :: ['neurobehavioral dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep loss']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Thoracic @entity130 accounts for 10%-15% of all @entity130 admissions. Rib @entity174 are the most common @entity130 following blunt @entity130 . Epidural analgesia improves @entity1 outcomes but is not without problems. The use of @entity129 ( @entity129 ) may offer superior @entity158 control with fewer side effects. This study's objective was to compare the rate of @entity358 when @entity174 were treated with @entity129 . METHODS: A hospital @entity130 registry provided retrospective data from 2008 to 2013 for @entity1 with 2 or more @entity174 . All subjects were admitted and were treated with either an epidural or a subcutaneously placed catheter for @entity129 . Our primary outcome was a composite of either @entity55 or @entity1576 . Secondary outcomes included total hospital days, total ICU days, and days on the ventilator. RESULTS: 12.5% (N=8) of the @entity129 group developed @entity55 or had @entity1576 compared to 16.3% (N=7) in the epidural group. No statistical difference (P=0.58) in the incidence of @entity55 or vent dependent @entity1576 was observed. There was a significant reduction (P=0.05) in hospital days from 9.72 (SD 9.98) in the epidural compared to 6.98 (SD 4.67) in the @entity129 group. The rest of our secondary outcomes showed no significant difference. CONCLUSION: This study did not show a difference in the rate of @entity55 or ventilator-dependent @entity1576 in the @entity129 vs epidural groups. It was not sufficiently powered. Our data supports a reduction in hospital days when @entity129 is used vs epidural. @entity129 may have advantages over epidurals such as fewer complications, fewer contraindications, and a shorter time to placement. Further studies are needed to confirm these statements.

title: Comparative evaluation of continuous intercostal nerve block or epidural analgesia on the rate of @entity1576 , intensive care unit, and hospital stay following XXXX : a retrospective review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['continuous intercostal nerve blockade', 'CINB vs epidurals', 'CINB']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'traumatic rib fractures']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'injury', 'thoracic trauma']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['traumatic rib fractures']


abstract: The numbers of reptiles in homes has at least doubled in the last decade in Europe and the USA. Reptile purchases are increasingly triggered by the attempt to avoid potentially allergenic fur pets like @entity235 and @entity468 . Consequently, reptiles are today regarded as surrogate pets initiating a closer relationship with the owner than ever previously observed. Reptile pets are mostly fed with insects, especially grasshoppers and/or locusts, which are sources for aggressive airborne allergens, best known from occupational insect breeder @entity566 . Exposure in homes thus introduces a new form of @entity566 to grasshoppers and related insects. Accordingly, an 8-year old @entity1 developed severe @entity56 and @entity565 within 4  months after purchase of a bearded dragon. The reptile was held in the living room and regularly fed with living grasshoppers. In the absence of a serological @entity566 diagnosis test, an IgE immunoblot on grasshopper extract and prick-to-prick test confirmed specific sensitization to grasshoppers. After 4  years of allergen avoidance, a single respiratory exposure was sufficient to trigger a severe @entity565 attack again in the @entity1 . Based on literature review and the clinical example we conclude that reptile keeping is associated with introducing potent insect allergens into home environments. @entity1 interviews during diagnostic procedure should therefore by default include the question about reptile pets in homes.

title: Caution: Reptile pets shuttle grasshopper XXXX and @entity565 into homes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'boy', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'allergies', 'domestic allergy']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Immigrants in Western countries tend to have a greater risk for @entity65 ( @entity65 ) than those in their home country, but it is unclear if immigrants are at increased risk for @entity65 compared to non-immigrants in their new country. The purpose of this study was to determine the independent association of time since immigration with sub-clinical @entity731 in immigrants of Chinese, European and South Asian origin. METHODS: A total of 460 immigrants and 158 non-immigrants of Chinese, European and South Asian origin without pre-diagnosed @entity65 were assessed for sub-clinical @entity731 by carotid artery ultrasound scan, socio-demographics, @entity65 risk factors and lifestyle factors. Time since immigration in years was used as a measure of exposure. RESULTS: @entity1 who immigrated > or =30 years ago had a greater @entity121 ( @entity121 ) of the carotid artery compared to non-immigrants, and immigrants of < or =20 years. Time since immigration was associated with @entity121 , plaque area and @entity121 +plaque area. After adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, income, education, family history of @entity65 and @entity6 , smoking, physical activity, body mass index, visceral adipose tissue, lipids, @entity2690 , @entity413 and blood pressure, time since immigration was significantly associated with @entity121 . For every ten years since immigration there was a 2% increase in @entity121 in addition to the 7% increase for every 10 years of age. CONCLUSIONS: Immigration was associated with an increased burden of sub-clinical @entity731 that surpassed that of non-immigrants. This burden increased over time independent of other risk factors. Immigrants represent a high-risk group for which targeted interventions are needed.

title: Immigration presents a potential increased risk for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to describe the CT features of "hot @entity7332 lung" caused by exposure to @entity3069 complex (MAC) organisms in contaminated water. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Chart review was performed to identify all @entity1 with a histologic diagnosis of @entity55 and positive cultures for MAC between January 1, 1995, and July 1, 2004. Individuals identified who also had a hot @entity7332 were included in the study. Twelve @entity1 , seven females and five males with an average age of 50 years (range, 13-66 years), who had a CT scan were identified. The CT images were reviewed by two thoracic radiologists who assessed the images for the presence of any @entity66 , including nodules, areas of ground-glass attenuation, @entity231 , and air trapping, on expiratory images. When nodules, @entity231 , areas of ground-glass attenuation, or a combination of these findings was present, the reviewers visually determined the extent of involvement of the lungs using a scale of < 10%, 10-40%, or > 40%. They also recorded the distribution of the involvement both cephalocaudal and transaxial. Decisions were reached by consensus of the reviewers. RESULTS: Nodules were present in 10 (83%) of 12 @entity1 . In eight (80%) of 10 @entity1 , the nodules were diffuse with a centrilobular distribution. In the other two, the nodules were randomly distributed with an upper lung predominance. In five @entity1 the nodules showed areas of ground-glass attenuation, whereas in the other five the nodules were solid. Areas of ground-glass attenuation were present in eight (75%) of 12 @entity1 and were bilateral in all cases. The areas of ground-glass attenuation were diffuse in the cephalocaudal plane with a random distribution in the transaxial plane in seven (88%) of eight cases. In the remaining case, the areas of ground-glass attenuation had a lower lung predominance with a random distribution in the transaxial plane. Expiratory images showed evidence of air trapping in all seven cases for which these images were available. In one @entity1 , air trapping was the only abnormality identified. CONCLUSION: The CT findings in @entity1 with hot @entity7332 lung include areas of ground-glass attenuation, centrilobular nodules, and air trapping on expiratory images. These findings are similar to previously published findings of subacute @entity56 . Therefore, in cases in which CT findings suggest @entity56 , hot @entity7332 lung should also be a diagnostic consideration.

title: CT findings of @entity55 secondary to @entity3069 -intracellulare inhalation: "hot XXXX lung".

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['parenchymal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['reticular opacities']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium avium']

answer: @entity7332 :: (7275,Gene) :: ['tub']


abstract: A @entity1 is believed to choose a health related behavioral alternative based on his/her perception of the health risk. This survey tried to clarify the structure of perceptions relating to risk of @entity204 , which seems to be the most fundamental among various health risks. A survey was performed in 1995 on 350 employees of two major companies. Subjects were shown two paired causes of @entity204 and asked which diseases caused @entity204 more frequently in the Japanese. Diseases included @entity5 , cerebral apoplexy, @entity299 , @entity64 , @entity378 , and @entity2 . The results obtained were as follows: 1. Generally, the order of perceived risk for each cause of @entity204 was similar to the real @entity204 numbers. 2. While traffic accidents tended to be overestimated for its risk, the risk perception for @entity299 and @entity5 tended to be underestimated. 3. Young @entity1 tended to overestimate the risk of traffic accidents more than older @entity1 . Based on these results, it is suggested that @entity1 tend to overestimate current risks, and to underestimate future risks. This may contribute to the improvement of risk communication between health care providers and residents/ @entity1 .

title: [A survey of cognitive probability structure of risk of XXXX by cause].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person', 'people']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['traffic accident']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: Extensive research has been done to elucidate the cellular and biochemical events of a @entity446 wound. Similarly, new techniques are continually being investigated which would stimulate and augment the reparative process. This paper describes the uses and biochemistry of @entity4279 which has gained widespread acceptance as a surgical preparation. However, its use as a topical agent for treating @entity135 , dehiscences, and salivary @entity292 has gained little recognition. @entity4279 is a unique compound formed by binding free @entity1496 to @entity4280 . Previously, the toxic effects of @entity1496 limited its use to preparation of the skin for surgery. When bound to the @entity29276 molecule, @entity1496 becomes water soluble and markedly less toxic. As a result, the broad antimicrobial spectrum of @entity1496 may be used topically to control wound @entity295 . It can be applied to mucosal surfaces without producing burns. The brown color acts as an indicator of its clinical effectiveness. When the dressings become light yellow or pale, free @entity1496 is no longer being released and the dressing should be changed. @entity4279 is not a panacea for correcting interruption in the @entity446 process during the postoperative period. The basic management of wound infections, dehiscences, and @entity292 remains unchanged. Incision and drainage, debridement and flap contracture, lateralization, and diversion are necessary to initiate the @entity446 process. Familarity with each phase of @entity446 provides the basis for managing each of these surgical problems. Topical @entity4279 not only controls wound @entity295 but augments wound @entity446 . The physiologic correlation with each phase of wound @entity446 for these various surgical problems is elaborated and clinical cases presented.

title: @entity4279 : an adjunct in the treatmen of wound infections, dehiscences, and XXXX in head and neck surgery.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck wound infections']

entities_list: @entity29276 :: ('MESH:C032519', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrrolidine']

entities_list: @entity4280 :: ('MESH:D011205', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinylpyrrolidone']

entities_list: @entity4279 :: ('MESH:D011206', 'Chemical') :: ['povidone-iodine', 'Povidone-iodine']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistulas']


abstract: PURPOSE: Colonoscopy is the preferred method for @entity14 surveillance of high-risk @entity1 . Despite its high sensitivity, @entity1127 or @entity5 may be undetected by colonoscopy and later attributed to an accelerated @entity2513 sequence. This study assesses how the characteristics of @entity14 found at intervals between surveillance relate to the @entity2513 sequence and its prevention. METHODS: The records of 557 @entity1 with @entity14 that were diagnosed from January 1, 1990, to December 31, 1996, were reviewed to identify those @entity1 who had prior colonoscopic surveillance within 60 months of their diagnosis. RESULTS: There were 29 (5.2 percent) @entity1 who had one or more colonoscopies before diagnosis of their @entity14 . Mean interval between diagnosis and prior colonoscopy was 23 (range, 4-59) months. The distribution of @entity5 included nine cecum, two ascending, three hepatic flexure, five transverse, one splenic flexure, three descending, two sigmoid, three rectum, and one anal canal. The mean @entity5 size was 4.4 cm for the cecum and 2.4 cm for all other locations. There were 7 Tis, 6 T1, 4 T2, and 12 @entity75 . Six @entity1 with @entity75 had prior colonoscopies within 24 months of the diagnosis. Three of four @entity1 with lymphatic metastases had @entity5 in the cecum. Twenty @entity5 (69 percent) were well or moderately differentiated. Mean follow-up was 41 (range, 7-95) months with two local recurrences and two unrelated @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: Size, differentiation, and stage of @entity14 in addition to the interval to diagnosis suggest that the majority of @entity5 found during surveillance colonoscopy followed prior false-negative examinations. Because cecal landmarks are most constant, prior photographic documentation may help to prove or disprove fast growth of @entity5 found in the cecum during surveillance colonoscopy.

title: XXXX after surveillance colonoscopy: false-negative examination or fast growth?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['T3 lesions']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma-carcinoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The use of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) with guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) of suspicious lymph nodes has become an important aid in the staging of @entity418 . The economic impact of this staging strategy has not yet been described. We applied a decision analysis model to compare the costs of EUS FNA, CT-guided FNA, and surgery in the management of @entity5 . A cost-minimization approach was employed, as viewed from the perspective of the payer. METHODS: A decision analysis model with three management arms was designed using DATA 3.5 software, taking the entry criteria as @entity418 without evidence of distant @entity3 as determined by CT. Detection of @entity5 on @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) FNA signified unresectability and prompted palliative treatment: chemoradiotherapy with endoscopic esophageal stenting rather than surgery. Baseline probabilities were varied through plausible ranges using sensitivity analysis. Cost inputs were based on Medicare professional fees plus Medicare facility fees. The endpoint was the cost of management per @entity1 . RESULTS: EUS FNA was the least costly strategy ( 13,811), compared to CT FNA ( 14,350) and surgery ( 13,992). The model outcome was sensitive to changes in both EUS FNA sensitivity and prevalence of @entity1600 @entity3 . EUS FNA remained the least costly option provided the prevalence of @entity1600 involvement was >16%; below this value, surgery became the most economical strategy. CONCLUSION: By minimizing unnecessary surgery, primarily by detecting @entity1600 involvement, EUS FNA is the least costly staging strategy in the workup of @entity1 with nonmetastatic @entity418 . Under certain circumstances, surgery is the preferred strategy.

title: A cost analysis of endoscopic ultrasound in the evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'esophageal tumors']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['CLN', 'celiac lymph node']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer', 'esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ) is often accompanied by an abnormal motor performance. However, it has not been clarified yet whether these deviations also occur during motor tasks not involving the back and whether the performance is influenced by @entity158 and @entity158 . Therefore, the aim of the present study is to get insight in the contribution of both @entity158 experience and @entity158 to general motor task performance in @entity1643 . METHODS: 13 @entity1643 @entity1 and 15 healthy subjects performed a hand-function task in three conditions: sitting, lying prone (lying) and lying prone without trunk support (provoking). The last condition was assumed to provoke @entity158 , which was considered successful when a @entity1 ' @entity158 expectancy on a numeric rating scale was at least 1 point higher than actual @entity158 experienced. Subjects' performance was expressed in reaction time and movement time. Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to detect main effect for group and condition. Special interest was given to group*condition interaction, since significant interaction would indicate that @entity1 and healthy subjects performed differently throughout the three conditions. RESULTS: @entity1 were slower throughout all conditions compared to healthy subjects. With respect to the provoking condition, @entity1 showed deteriorated performance compared to lying while healthy subjects' performance remained equal between these two conditions. Further analysis of @entity1 ' data showed that provocation was successful in 54% of the @entity1 . Especially this group showed deteriorated performance in the provoking condition. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that @entity1643 @entity1 in general have worse motor task performance compared to healthy subjects and that provoking @entity158 further worsened performance.

title: Motor performance in @entity1643 : is there an influence of XXXX ? A pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic low back pain', 'CLBP']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain-related cognitions']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain-related cognitions']


abstract: With the spread of @entity503 (CQ)-resistant @entity311 in India, @entity1484 (SP) alone or in combination with @entity506 is used as an alternative antimalarial drug. Due to continuous drug pressure, the @entity3964 parasite is exhibiting resistance to antifolates because of mutations in candidate genes @entity9796 reductase (dhfr) and @entity9795 synthetase (dhps). Our earlier study on flanking microsatellite markers of dhfr mutant alleles from India had shown a single origin of the @entity4765 resistance and some minor haplotypes which shared haplotypes with Southeast Asian (Thailand) strains. In the present study, we have analyzed 193 of these Indian @entity3964 isolates for 15 microsatellite loci around dhps to investigate the genetic lineages of the mutant dhps alleles in different parts of the country. Eighty-one of these samples had mutant dhps alleles, of which 62 were from Andaman and Nicobar Islands and the remaining 19 were from mainland India. Of 112 isolates with a wild-type dhps allele, 109 were from mainland India and only 3 were from Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Consistent with the model of selection, the mean expected heterozygosity (H(e)) around mutant dhps alleles (H(e) = 0.55; n = 81) associated with @entity9230 resistance was lower (P  <= 0.05) than the mean H(e) around the wild-type dhps allele (H(e) = 0.80; n = 112). There was more genetic diversity in flanking microsatellites of dhps than dhfr among these isolates, which confirms the assertion that dhps mutations are at a very early stage of fixation in the parasite population. Microsatellite haplotypes around various mutant dhps alleles suggest that the resistant dhps alleles have multiple independent origins in India, especially in Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Determining the genetic lineages of the resistant dhps alleles on Andaman and Nicobar Islands and mainland India is significant, given the role of Asia in the intercontinental spread of @entity503 - and @entity4765 -resistant parasites in the past.

title: Multiple origins of @entity3964 @entity9795 synthetase mutant alleles associated with XXXX resistance in India.

entities_list: @entity9795 :: ('MESH:C000978', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydropteroate']

entities_list: @entity1484 :: ('MESH:C001205', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine']

entities_list: @entity9796 :: ('MESH:C010920', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrofolate']

entities_list: @entity9230 :: ('MESH:D013413', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfadoxine']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['P. falciparum', 'Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity506 :: ('MESH:C039726', 'Chemical') :: ['artesunate']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

entities_list: @entity4765 :: ('MESH:D011739', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimethamine']

answer: @entity9230 :: (MESH:D013413,Chemical) :: ['sulfadoxine']


abstract: @entity571 ( @entity571 ) may result from @entity32 related to @entity209 . @entity28 -associated @entity32 is triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from the gut microbiota. However, the relationship between gut microbiota, LPS, @entity32 , and @entity571 remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the associations between gut microbiota, systemic LPS levels, serum and local inflammatory profiles, and @entity16 in a high fat/high @entity969 diet induced @entity28 @entity35 model. METHODS: 32 @entity35 were randomized to a high fat/high @entity969 diet (diet-induced @entity28 (DIO), 40% fat, 45% @entity969 , n  =  21) or chow diet group (12% fat, 3.7% @entity969 n  =  11) for 28 weeks. After a 12-week @entity28 induction period, DIO animals were stratified into @entity28 Prone (DIO-P, top 33% by change in body mass, n  =  7), and @entity28 Resistant groups (DIO-R, bottom 33%, n  =  7). At sacrifice, joints were scored using a Modified Mankin Criteria. Blood and synovial fluid analytes, serum LPS, and fecal gut microbiota were analyzed. RESULTS: DIO animals had greater Modified Mankin scores than chow animals (P  =  0.002). There was a significant relationship (r  =  0.604, p  =  0.001) between body fat, but not body mass, and Modified Mankin score. Eighteen synovial fluid and four serum analytes were increased in DIO animals. DIO serum LPS levels were increased compared to chow (P  =  0.031). Together, Lactobacillus species (spp.) and Methanobrevibacter spp. abundance had a strong predictive relationship with Modified Mankin Score (r(2)  =  0.5, P  <  0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Increased @entity571 in DIO animals is associated with greater body fat, not body mass. The link between gut microbiota and adiposity-derived @entity32 and metabolic @entity571 warrants further investigation.

title: Relationship between XXXX , the gut microbiota, and @entity209 development: studies in a @entity35 model.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'intrinsic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['joint damage']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disturbance']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize experiences and discuss the reasons for postlaparoscopic indirect inguinal @entity547 recurrence in @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: From June 2008 to June 2013, 6120 laparoscopic inguinal @entity547 repairs were performed in our hospital involving 5382 males and 738 females. The average age was 3.1 years. When @entity516 was established, the laparoscopic lens and a clamp were placed into the upper and lower edges of the umbilicus, respectively. Then on the surface projection of the unclosed internal ring, a sled-like needle with suture was circled and tightened on the internal ring at the extraperitoneum. RESULTS: @entity1 were followed up for between 6 months to 5 years. A total of 21 cases developed recurrent @entity547 (0.3%). Three main surgical causes of recurrence were concluded: (1) the internal inguinal ring was weak and significantly expanded, especially underneath the internal ring, which led to the peritoneum nearby the internal ring sliding through; (2) a sled-like needle repeatedly perforated the peritoneum, or some of the peritoneum left was unsutured, usually causing a hydrocele; and (3) there was an unexpected release of the ligature around the hernial ring. The majority of recurrent @entity547 could be cured laparoscopically (n=18), but a small number needed an open repair (n=3). CONCLUSIONS: Recurrent @entity547 appeared @entity169 in a small number of @entity1 . The main preventive measures were removal of risk factors for @entity547 and an appropriate surgical approach.

title: Reasons for Recurrence After the Laparoscopic Repair of Indirect Inguinal Hernia in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity516 :: ('MESH:D011027', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoperitoneum']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['postlaparoscopic inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia still', 'hernia', 'hernias']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the associations between specific @entity159 ( @entity159 ) indicators and overweight or @entity28 (OWOB) have been studied in different countries, fewer evidence exists for these associations when multiple @entity159 indicators are considered simultaneously. Furthermore, there are few studies investigating time trends in OWOB and their relation with @entity159 in upper-middle income countries, especially for @entity1 . The present study contributes to a better understanding of the nature and evolution of the associations between @entity159 indicators and OWOB in the Mexican adult population. METHODS: We pooled data from the 2006 and 2012 National Health and Nutrition Surveys in Mexico and obtained covariate-adjusted prevalence from a design-based logistic multiple regression model. Covariates included a wealth index, education, occupational status, marital status, and all interactions for each covariate with sex (male/female) and survey year. RESULTS: For @entity1 , the association between wealth and OWOB remained positive in general but curvature was more evident in 2012. The wealth-OWOB association in @entity1 showed an inverted-U pattern at both years with a positive slope that turned into a negative one as wealth increased. Among @entity1 , OWOB prevalence at the college/university education level was approximately 12.0        2.4 (percentage points        standard error) lower compared with the elementary education level. We did not find differences between educational categories for @entity1 in 2006, but in 2012 OWOB tended to be higher among the more educated. The prevalence of @entity28 in @entity1 increased at wealth levels from the middle and upper-middle section of the wealth distributions. Overall OWOB prevalence was near 70  % in 2012 for both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: Among Mexican @entity1 , the associations between @entity159 indicators and excess body weight were consistent to those found in developed countries. Among Mexican @entity1 , higher education was not associated with a lower prevalence of OWOB but the positive association between wealth and OWOB weakened as wealth increased. The overall prevalence of OWOB was very high for both sexes; its reduction should remain a public health priority given the consequences of nutrition-related @entity102 , disability and health care costs.

title: Time trends and sex differences in associations between XXXX indicators and @entity28 in Mexico (2006-2012).

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['SES', 'socioeconomic status']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity159 :: (MESH:D013226,Disease) :: ['socioeconomic status']


abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used for the local staging of @entity0 , especially to determine the extent of multiple lesions and to identify occult @entity5 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pre-operative MRI on the surgical treatment of @entity0 . Between January 2006 and May 2007, 535 newly diagnosed @entity0 @entity1 who planned to undergo breast conserving surgery had clinical examinations, bilateral mammography, breast ultrasonography, and breast MRI. The radiologic findings and clinicopathologic data were reviewed retrospectively. Ninety-eight (18.3%) @entity1 had additional lesions, shown as suspicious lesions on breast MRI, but not detected with conventional methods. Eighty-four (15.7%) of these @entity1 had a change in surgical treatment plans based on the MRI results. Forty-seven (8.8%) of the 84 @entity1 had additional @entity5 ;the other 37 @entity1 (6.9%) had benign lesions. The positive predictive value for MRI-based surgery was 56.0% (47 of 84 @entity1 ). During the period of study, the use of pre-operative MRI was increased with time (OR 1.20; 95% CI 1.16-1.23; P < 0.001), but the mastectomy rate did not change significantly (OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.95-1.00; P = 0.059). Multiple factors were analyzed to identify the @entity1 more likely to undergo appropriate and complete surgery based on the additional findings of the pre-operative MRI, but the results were not statistically significant. This research suggests that a pre-operative MRI can potentially lower the rate of incompletely excised @entity5 by identifying @entity5 prior to surgery and does not lead to an increase in the mastectomy rate; however, because some benign lesions are indistinguishable from suspicious or malignant lesions, excessive surgical procedures are unnecessarily performed in a significant portion of @entity1 . In the future, the criteria for the use of MRI in local staging of @entity0 should be established.

title: Does pre-operative breast magnetic resonance imaging in addition to mammography and breast ultrasonography change the operative management of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies', 'additional occult cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: The possible advantage of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a graft-versus- @entity706 effect. We explored the feasibility and efficacy of allo-HSCT with reduced-intensity (RI) regimens in advanced @entity706 ( @entity706 ). A total of 20 @entity1 with indolent (n=9) or @entity146 (n=11) received allo-HSCT with an RI regimen (RIST). The preparative regimen consisted of a combination of @entity10043 analog and alkylating agent with or without antithymocyte globulin. A total of 11 @entity1 had @entity66 , seven had chemosensitive relapsed disease and two had @entity66 . All of the @entity1 received @entity1261 -mobilized blood stem cells from HLA-matched siblings. Of the 20 @entity1 , 19 achieved engraftment with acceptable regimen-related @entity137 . Seven @entity1 developed grade II-IV acute GVHD and 15 developed chronic GVHD. Of the 15 @entity1 with evaluable disease, 12 achieved a complete response. One died of invasive @entity22214 , four subsequently died of GVHD complicated with @entity364 and one died of progressive disease. With a median follow-up of 358 days, the Kaplan-Meier estimates for 1-year overall and progression-free survival were both 70%. The high response rate with low relapse observed in this study suggests that RIST may be an effective alternative curative treatment for @entity1 with advanced @entity706 .

title: High complete response rate after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with reduced-intensity conditioning regimens in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease', 'chemorefractory disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'ML', 'malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity22214 :: ('MESH:D060585', 'Disease') :: ['fusariosis']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['malignant lymphoma']


abstract: We investigated whether vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC)-derived from @entity1 produce angiotensin (Ang) II upon change from the contractile phenotype to the synthetic phenotype by incubation with fibronectin (FN). Expression of alpha-smooth muscle (SM) actin, apparent in the contractile phenotype, was decreased by FN. Expressions of matrix Gla and @entity1096 , apparent in the synthetic phenotype, were increased by FN. Ang II measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) was significantly increased in @entity1 VSMC by FN. Expression of mRNAs for Ang II-generating proteases @entity10815 , @entity3921 , @entity1289 , and chymase was increased by FN. Expressions of @entity10815 and @entity3921 proteins were also increased by FN. Ang I-generating activity, which was inhibited by an aspartyl protease inhibitor @entity14622 , was readily detected in the conditioned medium from human VSMC. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) that hybridize with @entity10815 and @entity3921 significantly inhibited FN-increased Ang II in conditioned medium and cell extracts. In VSMC conditioned medium, FN-induced elevation of Ang II was significantly inhibited by @entity29274 but not by chymostatin. Ang II type 1 receptor antagonist @entity1564 completely, and antisense @entity10815 and @entity3921 ODNs partially inhibited the FN-stimulated growth of @entity1 VSMC. These results indicate that the change of homogeneous cultures of @entity1 VSMC from the contractile to the synthetic phenotype sequentially increases expression of proteases @entity10815 , @entity3921 , and @entity1289 , production of Ang II and productions of growth factors, culminating in VSMC proliferation. These findings implicate a new mechanism for the pathogenesis of @entity1 vascular proliferative diseases.

title: XXXX -derived vascular smooth muscle cells produce angiotensin II by changing to the synthetic phenotype.

entities_list: @entity14622 :: ('MESH:C031375', 'Chemical') :: ['pepstatin A']

entities_list: @entity29274 :: ('MESH:C055603', 'Chemical') :: ['temocapril']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since the early 2000s, treatment options for multiple @entity1582 have rapidly expanded, adding significant complexity to the management of this disease. To our knowledge, no systematic qualitative research on clinical decision-making in multiple @entity1582 has been published. We sought to characterize how physicians view and implement guidelines and incorporate novel approaches into @entity1 care. METHODS: We designed a semi-structured qualitative interview guide informed by literature review and an expert advisory panel. We conducted 60-minute interviews with a diverse sample of oncology physicians in the southeast United States. We used a constant comparative method to code and analyze interview transcripts. The research team and advisory panel discussed and validated emergent themes. RESULTS: @entity1 were 13 oncologists representing 5 @entity4207 and 4 community practices. @entity4207 reported using formal risk-stratification schemas; community physicians typically did not. Physicians also described differences in eligibility criteria for transplantation; community physicians emphasized distance, social support, and psychosocial capacity in making decisions about transplantation referral; the @entity4207 physicians reported using more specific clinical criteria. All physicians reported using a maintenance strategy both for post-transplant and for transplant-ineligible @entity1 ; however, determining the timing of maintenance therapy initiation and the response were reported as challenging, as was recognition or definition of relapse, especially in terms of when treatment re-initiation is indicated. CONCLUSIONS: Practices reported by both @entity4207 and community physicians suggest opportunities for interventions to improve @entity1 care and outcomes through optimal multiple @entity1582 management and therapy selection. Community physicians in particular might benefit from targeted education interventions about risk stratification, transplant eligibility, and novel therapies.

title: Risk stratification, treatment selection, and transplant eligibility in multiple XXXX : a qualitative study of the perspectives and self-reported practices of oncologists.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['academic', 'Academic physicians']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The optimal treatment of @entity4094 remains controversial. Several techniques have been described, but the best approach remains unsettled. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the complication rates of @entity4094 with and without ventral curvature (VC), according to three different surgical techniques: tubularized incised plate (TIP) uretroplasty, @entity4434 ( @entity4434 ), and staged preputial repair (SR). It was hypothesized that SR performs better than TIP and @entity4434 for @entity4094 . METHODS: Single-center, retrospective chart review of all @entity1 with primary @entity4094 reconstructed between 2003 and 2013. The @entity4434 was selectively employed in cases with narrow urethral plate (UP) and @entity942 . Extensive urethral plate (UP) mobilization (UPM), dorsal plication (DP) and/or deep transverse incisions of tunica albuginea (DTITA) were selectively performed when attempting to spare transecting the UP. Division of UP and SR was favored in cases with severe VC (>50  ), which was often concurrently managed with DTITA if intrinsic curvature was present. For SR, tubularization of the graft was performed 6 months later. RESULTS: A total of 140 @entity1 were included. Tubularized incised plate (TIP), @entity4434 , and SR techniques were performed in 57, 23, and 60 @entity1 , respectively. The TIP and @entity4434 techniques achieved similar success rates, although @entity4434 was performed in cases of narrow and spongiosum-deficient plates. Reoperation rates with TIP and @entity4434 techniques was 52.6% and 52.1% (NS). Urethro-cutaneous @entity292 were seen in 31.5% and 13% of TIP and @entity4434 techniques, respectively. Staged repair accomplished better results than both TIP and @entity4434 techniques, despite being performed in the most unfavorable cases (reoperation rate 28%). After technical modifications, the @entity4434 technique achieved similar outcomes of SR. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4094 remains challenging, regardless of the technique utilized for its repair. Urethro-cutaneous @entity292 were more commonly seen after long TIP repairs. Approximately half of the @entity1 undergoing long TIP and @entity4434 procedures needed re-intervention, although the percentage decreased significantly with late modifications in the @entity4434 group. Recurrence of VC after TIP and @entity4434 techniques seemed to be a significant and under-reported complication. Staged repairs, despite being performed for the most severe cases, resulted in overall better outcomes.

title: XXXX : A persistent challenge. Single institution outcome analysis of three surgical techniques over a 10-year period.

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['Proximal hypospadias', 'proximal hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity4434 :: ('MESH:D005198', 'Disease') :: ['dorsal inlay graft TIP', 'DIG']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['deficient spongiosum']

answer: @entity4094 :: (MESH:D009468,Disease) :: ['Proximal hypospadias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary @entity5425 (PAOB) is a rare and highly aggressive @entity5 . There is no general agreement on optimal treatments or prognostic factors for this orphan disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the clinicopathologic features and management experiences of PAOB. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of medical and pathologic records of 17 consecutive @entity1 diagnosed with PAOB between January 2000 and February 2014 at FuDan University Shanghai @entity5 Center. We evaluated the clinical characteristics, multimodality treatments, and associated clinical outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 16 @entity1 were included in this retrospective study (median age at PAOB presentation 33.5 years, range: 19-56 years). Palpable @entity5 with or without breast skin ecchymosis presented as the most common initial symptom. All @entity1 underwent surgery with curative intent. Median disease-free survival and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were 9 months and 13.6 months, respectively. One-year and 3-year disease-free survival rates were 43.8% and 6.3%, with @entity1349 rates of 93.8% and 78.1%, respectively. High histologic grade indicated poorer @entity1349 by univariate analysis (P=0.01). However, neither adjuvant chemotherapy nor radiotherapy contributed to clinical outcomes in our series. CONCLUSION: PAOB is considered as an infrequent @entity0 with aggressive characteristics. Histologic grade and early @entity3 (within 12 months after diagnosis) are associated with poor prognosis. Regardless of grade, additional benefit was not observed with adjuvant therapy.

title: Management experiences of primary @entity5425 : a retrospective study from single institute in the XXXX 's Republic of China.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5425 :: ('MESH:C536368', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcoma of breast']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['People']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the association between @entity209 ( @entity15 )and prognosis of @entity4348 . METHODS: A total of 256 @entity1 with @entity4348 at, Zhejiang @entity5 Hospital between January, 2001 and December, 2008 were chosen. The deadline for follow up was December 2008. The general conditions(including age and body mass index), whether coupled with @entity15 and it's risk factors(including waist circumference, fasting plasma @entity413 , @entity1674 , high- density lipoprotein, systolic and diastolic blood pressure) were analyzed. The outcome of 256 @entity1 whether coupled with @entity15 were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curve. Relative risks were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS: A total of 256 cases were followed-up successfully.Sixty-four (33.0%) cases coupled with @entity15 among the 194 @entity1 survived, while thirty-two (51.6%)coupled with @entity15 from 62 cases died, there was significant difference between them(  (2) = 6.953, P = 0.008). The total five-year survival rate was 75.8%, the survival time was (78.0  3.4) months. The rate and the survival time of @entity1 coupled with @entity15 [66.7%, (67.0  2.4) months] were significatly lower than those coupled with no @entity15 [81.3%, (85.0  4.0) months;P < 0.05]. The Cox proportional hazards regression results showed that coupled with @entity15 , body mass index >= 25 kg/m(2), waist circumference>80 cm, abnormol systolic and diastolic blood pressure, abnormal fasting plasma @entity413 and more than two components of definitions of @entity15 were related to bad prognosis of @entity4348 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity209 may be lead to a bad prognosis of @entity4348 .

title: [Association between @entity209 and prognosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'Metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid carcinoma']

answer: @entity4348 :: (MESH:D018269,Disease) :: ['endometrioid carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Surveillance endoscopy has been advocated for @entity1 with @entity355 but the cost-effectiveness of this has been questioned. The aim of this study is to identify an optimum surveillance protocol by examining if macroscopic markers at diagnosis predict the development of @entity1141 . METHODS: The sample was 353 @entity1 with @entity355 undergoing surveillance by a community-based group of gastroenterologists between 1981 and 2001. At diagnosis the presence of macroscopic and microscopic markers was noted. The presence and pattern of @entity1141 and development of @entity420 was documented during subsequent surveillance. RESULTS: Three hundred and fifty-three @entity1 (71% male) underwent regular surveillance over 19 056 @entity1 -months (median 42 months), having a median number of three surveillance endoscopies (range 1-40). Nine @entity1 (seven male) developed @entity420 (1/176 @entity1 years) and four male @entity1 developed high-grade @entity1141 (1/397 @entity1 years). Twelve of these 13 @entity1 entered with one or more macroscopic markers: severe @entity2910 , nodularity, Barrett's @entity1066 . @entity1141 risk was associated with macroscopic markers. @entity1 who entered with one marker were 6.7 times more likely to develop high-grade @entity1141 / @entity420 (HR = 6.7, 95% CI = 1.3, 35). @entity1 who entered with two or more markers were 14 times more likely to develop high-grade @entity1141 / @entity420 (HR = 14.1, 95% CI = 2.02, 102). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of severe @entity2910 , @entity1066 , nodularity or stricture at entry indicates a high-risk group for @entity355 . Cost-effectiveness of surveillance for these @entity1 and those with @entity1141 at entry would thus improve.

title: XXXX : Macroscopic markers and the prediction of @entity1141 and @entity420 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's ulcer", 'ulcer or stricture']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia', 'Dysplasia']

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's esophagus']


abstract: @entity532 are common in SS homozygotic @entity3458 in @entity1 , but the heart does not appear to be the target organ. The early detection of myocardial ischaemic in these @entity1 could prevent @entity299 . The authors undertook a study of myocardial perfusion by @entity296 in @entity1 with @entity3458 . Twenty-three @entity1 (average age 12 +/- 5 years) underwent Thallium 201 @entity296 . Exercise on a bicycle ergometer and/or intravenous injection of @entity4341 were carried out depending on the age. The images (on exercise and late recovery period) were analysed in the 3 standard projections of the left ventricle: short axis, long axis and 4-chamber view. The left ventricular ejection fraction was measured by gamma angiography. Myocardial perfusion was abnormal in 14 @entity1 (61%). The perfusion defects were reversible in the late recovery period in 9 @entity1 and irreversible in 5 @entity1 . The average left ventricular ejection fraction was 63 +/- 9%. Its value was not related to symptoms, haemoglobin level or the results of @entity296 . Four @entity1 with perfusion defects were symptomatic ( @entity712 , @entity951 or @entity1165 ); 1 @entity1 died and 3 were treated with @entity1862 . Myocardial scintigraphy was carried out 6 months later and showed improved perfusion in 3 @entity1 . @entity296 are therefore common in @entity3458 . Often asymptomatic in childhood, there is a real risk of @entity296 and its complications in adulthood. Specific treatment of @entity3458 with hydroxyurea should be considered in cases with significant @entity296 .

title: [ @entity296 in XXXX in childhood: a study of @entity296 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Abnormalities of myocardial perfusion', 'ischaemic cardiomyopathy', 'abnormalities of myocardial perfusion', 'myocardial scintigraphy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Ischaemic complications']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac complications']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['sickle cell disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study compared 2 school-based training interventions for adolescents with @entity71 ( @entity71 ): the Challenging Horizons Program-after school version (CHP- @entity5427 ) and Challenging Horizons Program-mentoring version (CHP-M) with each other and with a community care (CC) condition. METHOD: @entity1 were 326 students (sixth through eighth grade) diagnosed with @entity71 . Interventions were conducted for 1 academic year. CHP- @entity5427 occurred twice weekly and included organization, social functioning, and academic study skills interventions. In CHP-M, students were paired with a mentor (e.g., teacher) who was trained by a consultant and delivered a subset of the CHP- @entity5427 interventions during school. No direct intervention was provided in CC. @entity1 were assessed at pretreatment, 4 occasions during the intervention year, posttreatment, and at a 6-month follow-up. RESULTS: Intent-to-treatment analyses using hierarchical linear modeling to compare outcomes between the 3 conditions indicate participation in the CHP- @entity5427 intervention is associated with moderate effect size improvements in parent-rated organization and time-management skills, homework problems, and @entity71 symptoms of inattention, and with small improvements in overall academic functioning and grade point average (GPA). These improvements were in comparison to CC and to CHP-M. Gains were sustained into the next school year and even increased in magnitude for several of the measures. CONCLUSIONS: The CHP- @entity5427 program leads to significant benefits for adolescents with @entity71 compared with the services provided in the CHP-M and CC. The persistence of improvements over time supports the use of training interventions that teach skills for adolescents. (PsycINFO Database Record

title: Evaluation of a school-based treatment program for young adolescents with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder', 'ADHD']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['ADHD']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Our aim was to investigate @entity1565 ( @entity1565 ) pattern of @entity731 with three-dimensional volumetric isotropic turbo spin echo acquisition (3D @entity24414 ), and the relationship with clinical characteristics. Twenty consecutive @entity1 with @entity731 were prospectively enrolled. All cross-sectional slices on @entity24414 images of basilar arteries were assessed, and classified as eccentric or concentric @entity1565 . Clinical characteristics and degree of @entity850 were compared between the @entity1 with different wall @entity1565  pattern. @entity854 were identified in 568 cross-sectional slices in basilar arteries of 20 @entity1 including eccentric @entity1565 in 497 (87.5  %) slices, and concentric @entity1565 in 71 (12.5  %) slices. In 11 of 20 @entity1 , all the cross-sectional slices (293 slices) showed eccentric @entity1565 . In 9 of 20 @entity1 , the cross-sectional slices (275 slices) showed both eccentric @entity1565 (204 slices, 74.2  %) and concentric @entity1565 (71 slices, 25.8  %). No lesion showed only concentric @entity1565 . At the slices of maximum luminal narrowing sites, only one @entity1 showed concentric @entity1565 . Symptomatic @entity850 was more common in the @entity1 with mixed @entity1565 (eccentric and concentric), compared to @entity1 with only eccentric @entity1565 (100 vs 54.5  %, p  =  0.038). @entity731 could show both eccentric and concentric @entity1565 based on each slice analysis. Concentric @entity1565 was found in near half of the @entity1 , but tended to locate in minimal slices. No lesion was entirely concentric. Lesions with mixed @entity1565 (concentric and eccentric) might represent advanced @entity731 with high risk of @entity63 event.

title: Wall thickening pattern in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1565 :: ('MESH:D056151', 'Disease') :: ['WT', 'wall thickening']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Wall abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic basilar artery stenosis', 'Atherosclerotic basilar artery stenosis', 'atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic basilar artery stenosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity410 are among the most common causes of apparent life-threatening events. There are discrepancies among the published reports on the correlation between @entity410 and @entity1284 of trace elements. The objective of this review and meta-analysis was to examine the present knowledge on the concentrations of the most investigated trace metals, including @entity219 , @entity920 , @entity4259 , and @entity1760 , in @entity1 with @entity302 and @entity410 . The PubMed and Scopus databases were searched to identify case-control studies that compared the concentration of @entity219 , @entity920 , @entity1760 , and @entity4259 in serum, hair, or cerebrospinal fluid between @entity1 with @entity410 and controls. A total of 60 articles were included in the present study (40 pertaining to @entity302 and 25 pertaining to @entity410 ). The serum concentration of @entity219 in nontreated @entity1 with @entity302 was significantly higher than in controls (P   =   0.034). There were significantly reduced serum concentrations of @entity219 (P   =   0.018) and @entity4259 (P   =   0.012) in @entity1 with @entity410 compared with controls. The concentrations of @entity920 , @entity1760 , and @entity219 were all significantly altered in @entity1 with @entity302 who received antiepileptic drugs compared with untreated @entity1 with @entity302 . Designing treatments to selectively restore @entity219 levels may be a strategy for treating @entity1 with @entity302 . It is still unclear whether these ions are causal to, or a cofactor in, the development of @entity302 . Knowledge of the effects of various antiepileptic drugs on trace element homeostasis could potentially be used to effectively guide appropriate therapeutic strategies in the future.

title: Possible role of trace elements in XXXX and @entity410 : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Seizures', 'epilepsy/febrile seizures', 'febrile seizures']

entities_list: @entity4259 :: ('MESH:D012643', 'Chemical') :: ['selenium']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency or overload']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: In an unselected population, the annual incidence of @entity810 ( @entity810 ) seems close to 200 @entity1 per million inhabitants. In elderly @entity1 , this incidence is five times higher than that of younger @entity1 . Mortality is particularly high in intensive care units and doubles if @entity810 develops after rather than before admission. Death is mainly due to @entity3485 and @entity326 , and to @entity65 . An increasing number of @entity204 is related to therapeutic limitation. In many cases, @entity810 can be prevented, e.g. by correcting any @entity1372 deficit and @entity3485 before a surgical procedure, and by considering the true GFR of a given @entity1 before prescribing a potentially nephrotoxic drug, especially in older @entity1 . A poor previous health status, hospitalization prior to admission, and @entity810 occurring after admission are important predictive factors of mortality, as well as any acute @entity881 . Second generation severity scores seem to have a better performance than older ones. The use of continuous hemodialysis and hemofiltration is increasing in @entity810 @entity1 , but it is not proven that mortality is thereby reduced. A beneficial effect of biocompatible membranes is not clearly demonstrated in these @entity1 . Later, most @entity810 @entity1 recover a normal, or nearly normal, renal function. Recovery is delayed in older @entity1 and in those whose oliguric period is prolonged. Lastly, the high cost of therapy in @entity810 justifies the use of all currently preventive measures in @entity1 at risk.

title: [Epidemiology and prognosis of XXXX in 1997. Recent data].

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['organ dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemia', 'hypovolemic']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute renal insufficiency']


abstract: AIMS: The Royal College of Pathologists recommend that a median of at least 12 lymph nodes should be harvested during pathological staging of @entity14 . It is not always easy to harvest the required number, especially in @entity1 with @entity5 receiving neoadjuvant therapy. Lymph node revealing solutions, for example, GEWF, may improve nodal yield. GEWF is safe, cheap and easy to use. METHODS: In a controlled trial, lymph node yields were compared after secondary specimen dissection following either 24   h of further fixation in @entity406 (n=101) or GEWF immersion (n=99). The number, size and @entity5 status of additional lymph nodes identified were compared between groups. Twenty-seven cases that received long-course neoadjuvant therapy were also assessed. RESULTS: Median lymph node yield at primary dissection met national standards overall (19) but also in the long-course neoadjuvant therapy group (13). Lymph nodes were smaller in neoadjuvant cases compared with non-neoadjuvant cases (mean size range 1.3-5.6   mm vs 1.5-8.9   mm). The use of further fixation and GEWF detected more nodes at secondary dissection. The mean number of additional nodes harvested was greater with @entity406 (8.3) than GEWF (7.3). There was no significant difference in the mean size of the additional lymph nodes detected between groups (point estimate 1.02; 95% CI -0.58 to 2.63; p=0.211). Upstaging triggering adjunct chemotherapy occurred in 1% (2/200) of cases. CONCLUSIONS: The routine use of adjunct techniques to identify additional lymph nodes is unnecessary with underlying high-quality dissection practice. Emphasis should be placed upon education and training, spending appropriate time dissecting and ensuring specimens are sufficiently fixed beforehand.

title: A comparison of XXXX and GEWF in fixation of @entity14 specimens: rates of lymph node retrieval and effect on TNM staging.

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity406 :: (MESH:D005557,Chemical) :: ['formalin']


abstract: In the diagnosis of @entity1778 , @entity3138 which is a T-cell associated marker and @entity1075 which is a B-cell associated marker are widely used to determine the lineage of @entity1778 cells. It is known that the cells of @entity981 ( @entity981 ) express both @entity3138 and @entity1075 in some cases. The origins of these cells are generally thought to be a common precursor for T- and B-lymphocytes. However, cytoplasmic staining of CD3 which is a more specific marker for T-lineage and cytoplasmic staining of mb-1 ( @entity7571 ) which is more specific for B-lineage were not performed in previous reports and the determination of the cell lineages of these cells was unclear. We had two cases of @entity981 whose blasts were @entity3138 / @entity1075 double positive. The first case was assessed as B-lineage because the cells expressed cytoplasmic @entity7571 and lacked cytoplasmic CD3. The @entity7639 gene was rearranged. The other cell surface markers including @entity10317 and HLA-DR also suggested that these cells were B-lineage. The @entity3138 expression may be a coincidence and should not be taken as a T-cell marker in this case. It was difficult to determine the lineage in the second case because both cytoplasmic @entity7571 and cytoplasmic CD3 were expressed and neither TCR beta chain nor Ig heavy chain genes were rearranged. The other surface markers were not useful to determine the lineage. We concluded that this case was really an unclassified @entity981 . Accordingly, cytoplasmic staining of CD3 and @entity7571 should be carried out in the diagnosis of @entity1778 when it is difficult to determine the cell lineage.

title: Characterization of @entity1778 cells in @entity3138 / @entity1075 double positive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemia', 'leukemic']

entities_list: @entity7639 :: ('3495', 'Gene') :: ['immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We aimed to record all new @entity1 who presented to departments of oral surgery, oral medicine, and oral and maxillofacial surgery, and to dental hospitals in the UK, with @entity2530 of the jaws including bisphosphonate-related @entity39 (BRONJ) over a 2-year period (1 June 2009-31 May 2011). They were eligible irrespective of age, cause, or coexisting conditions. Data on incidence, clinical characteristics, risk factors, and coexisting conditions were collected. A total of 383 cases were registered: 369 were described as BRONJ, 5 as @entity2530 , and 9 were unknown. Bisphosphonates had been given orally in 207 (56%), intravenously in 125 (34%), both orally and intravenously in 27 (7%), and was unknown in 9 (2%); one had been given denosumab. The main risk factor was dental extraction, and the mandible was commonly affected. The median duration of administration until onset of BRONJ was 3 years in those treated intravenously and 4 years in those treated orally. Levels of engagement with the study varied between regions, and extrapolation from the 2 most involved (Merseyside and Northern Ireland) found around 8.2-12.8 cases/million/year, which is 508-793 @entity1 /year across the UK. To our knowledge this is one of the first studies to estimate national rates of BRONJ. It confirms that the risk and incidence are low. With changes in trends for antiresorptive bone medication, and increasing numbers of elderly @entity1 , it would be useful to repeat the registration in the future.

title: United Kingdom nationwide study of XXXX of the jaws including bisphosphonate-related @entity39 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['avascular necrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Over the last two decades, both the incidence of @entity580 and the proportion of blood stream infection due to Candida spp. other than @entity5132 have increased. The aims of this study was to identify different species of Candida and risk factors associated with @entity281 and detection of biofilm production. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted in an 840 bedded tertiary care hospital, over a period of one year. All blood isolates received from @entity1 during this period were screened for @entity4963 prospectively. Speciation was carried out by standard microbiological method. Biofilm production detection was done by Brachini et al method. RESULT: A total of 80 cases of @entity4963 were identified. Most important risk factor was placement of vascular access devices in all the age groups. @entity5132 accounted for 22 isolates (27.5%) whereas non-albicans Candida spp. accounted for 58 isolates (72.5%). Biofilm production was found in 31 strains (38.75%). Biofilm production was seen more in non-albicans Candidaspp. (83.87%) especially in @entity9841 (66.67%, 8 of 12). CONCLUSIONS: Non-albicansspecies of Candida were most frequently recovered in our study. So, the epidemiology of @entity6923 is changing. Non-albicans Candida spp have the capacity to produce significant amount of biofilm which may be the cause of their reduced susceptibility to antifungal agents.

title: Clinico-microbiological study of XXXX in a tertiary care hospital of southern part of India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6923 :: ('MESH:C536777', 'Disease') :: ['Candida infection']

entities_list: @entity4963 :: ('MESH:D058387', 'Disease') :: ['candidemia']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['bloodstream infection']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial candidaemia']

answer: @entity4963 :: (MESH:D058387,Disease) :: ['candidemia']


abstract: @entity66 , such as @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) and @entity4697 , are disproportionately prevalent in females. However, the biological mechanism underlying these sex differences in the prevalence rate remains unclear. In the present study, we examined sex differences in fear memory, fear extinction, and spontaneous recovery of fear. We investigated the presence of sex differences in recent and remote fear memory in @entity19 using contextual fear conditioning, as well as sex differences in spontaneous recovery of fear memory using a consecutive fear extinction paradigm. We examined the number of fear extinction days required to prevent spontaneous recovery of fear in either sex. We investigated whether ovariectomy affected fear extinction and spontaneous recovery. We also measured the activation of @entity8837 in the dorsal hippocampus and the medial prefrontal cortex following fear extinction sessions. In our results, we found no sex difference in recent or remote fear memory. However, females required more fear extinction sessions compared to males to prevent spontaneous recovery. Within-extinction freezing also differed between males and females. Moreover, females required more extinction sessions than males to increase @entity13436 phosphorylation in the dorsal hippocampus. Our data suggest that contextual fear extinction was unstable in females compared to males and that such sex differences may be related to the @entity13436 phosphorylation in the hippocampus.

title: Sex differences in fear extinction and involvements of @entity13436 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Stress-related disorders']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity8837 :: ('26417;26413', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1 and 2']

answer: @entity13436 :: (26413(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['ERK']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We assessed the efficacy and safety of two a1-adrenoceptor antagonists, @entity9940 and @entity6731 , in the treatment of male lower urinary tract symptoms. METHODS: @entity1 aged 50 years or older who had a total International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) of 8 or higher were enrolled in this study. Forty-six @entity1 were randomized into two groups. Twenty-three @entity1 were initially prescribed @entity9940 0.2 mg once daily for 3 months, followed by @entity6731 4 mg twice daily for 3 months (group T); the other group of 23 @entity1 were initially prescribed @entity6731 , followed by @entity9940 (group S). @entity1 then switched to the alternative treatment after a 1-month clearance period. Evaluations included clinical determination of IPSS, quality-of-life index, maximum flow rate and postvoid residual urine volume before and after treatment. RESULTS: A total of 46 @entity1 , 23 in group T and 23 in group S, were treated and 41 (89.1%) completed the treatment. IPSS, quality-of-life index, maximum flow rate and postvoid residual urine volume were significantly improved in both groups after treatment. The changes in the total IPSS from baseline in groups S and T at 3 months were -6.6 and -7.5, respectively. There were no significant differences between the two groups. After taking both medications, 18 @entity1 preferred @entity6731 , 11 preferred @entity9940 and others felt they had the same effects. Six and none @entity1 experienced adverse events during @entity6731 and @entity9940 treatment, respectively. CONCLUSION: Two types of a1-adrenoceptor antagonists in the same individuals provide similar efficacy. Profiles and difference of each drug should be considered in making treatment choice.

title: Comparison of Two Different a1-Adrenoceptor Antagonists, @entity9940 and XXXX , in the Treatment of Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Suggestive of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Prospective Randomized Crossover Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6731 :: ('MESH:C095285', 'Chemical') :: ['silodosin']

entities_list: @entity9940 :: ('MESH:C088482', 'Chemical') :: ['tamsulosin']

answer: @entity6731 :: (MESH:C095285,Chemical) :: ['Silodosin']