abstract: Zero-valent @entity68 (ZVI) as a permeable barrier material for degradation of chlorinated organic compounds has been extensively studied recently. One of the focal areas in ZVI studies is to increase the contaminant reduction rate. In this research, batch tests were performed to evaluate the synergistic effect of sorbed cationic surfactants on degradation of @entity3321 ( @entity11240 ). Sorption of cationic surfactants on ZVI was a function of hydrophobic chain length of the surfactanttail group. Minimal counterion sorption indicated that the sorbed surfactant molecules form a patchy monolayer on ZVI. Both @entity11240 and @entity4965 ( @entity4966 ) degradation by ZVI with and without sorbed surfactant followed pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. In general, the @entity11240 degradation rate increases as the chain length of sorbed surfactant increases. Compared to unmodified ZVI, both apparent rate constants of @entity11240 degradation and @entity4966 accumulation increased by an order of magnitude when ZVI was modified by @entity69590 . The rate of @entity11240 degradation by ZVI modified to lower surfactant loading was relatively higher than that by ZVI modified to higher surfactant loading. It was speculated that longer chain length will result in better admicelle formations, and thus, promote @entity11240 partition and increase @entity11240 surface concentration or surface admicelle catalysis, while low surfactant loading makes significant amounts of surface reduction sites still available. The @entity11240 reduction rate constants were not affected by solution ionic strength, but high initial solution pH, buffered by @entity1043 and @entity4388 , significantly reduced the @entity11240 degradation rate.

title: Synergistic effect of cationic surfactants on XXXX degradation by zero-valent @entity68 .

entities_list: @entity4388 :: ('MESH:D017693', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity3321 :: ('MESH:D013750', 'Chemical') :: ['perchloroethylene']

entities_list: @entity69590 :: ('CHEBI:39561', 'Chemical') :: ['hexadecyltrimethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity1043 :: ('MESH:C005686', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium carbonate']

entities_list: @entity4965 :: ('MESH:D014241', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroethylene']

answer: @entity3321 :: (MESH:D013750,Chemical) :: ['perchloroethylene']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 tropomyosin isoform 5 ( @entity16544 ) is a cytoskeletal protein expressed in normal epithelial cells, predominantly in the colon. An autoimmune response toward @entity16544 has been reported in @entity31 ( @entity31 ). Whether @entity16544 expression in the ileum is involved in @entity5042 is unknown. We assessed @entity16544 expression on ileal epithelial cells at surgery and subsequently on development of @entity5042 in @entity31 . METHODS: In a prospective longitudinal study, 28 @entity31 @entity1 undergoing ileal pouch procedures were included. Biopsy samples were taken from the rectum at surgery, as well as from the ileal pouch at surgery and at 6 months. The specimens were stained by immunoperoxidase using the anti- @entity16544 monoclonal antibody CG3. @entity5042 was assessed by the @entity5042 Activity Index and @entity16544 expression on a scale of 0-3. RESULTS: At surgery, in rectal samples, @entity16544 expression was strong in all epithelial cells including the luminal surface, whereas in ileal samples @entity16544 was not expressed or focally expressed only in the goblet cells. At 6 months, the ileum was found to have undergone morphological changes, becoming similar to the colon and showing shortening or reduced number of villi. These changes were associated with a diffuse @entity16544 staining in the goblet cells and in the nongoblet epithelial cells lining the crypts and the lumen. The @entity16544 score was related to the @entity5042 Activity Index at 6 months (r = 0.82; p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Expression of @entity16544 shows a different pattern in the ileal pouch in @entity31 after surgery. This event is associated with morphological changes of the ileum toward colonic epithelium, related to the development of @entity5042 .

title: Tropomyosin expression in the ileal pouch: a relationship with the development of XXXX in @entity31 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity5042 :: ('MESH:D019449', 'Disease') :: ['Pouchitis Disease', 'Pouchitis', 'pouchitis']

answer: @entity5042 :: (MESH:D019449,Disease) :: ['pouchitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A low-fat, high- @entity1735 diet (</=30% of total energy intake as fat) in conjunction with moderate intensity physical activity is widely recommended for weight maintenance and reduction. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of adding daily exercise to a short-term high- @entity1735 diet on fasting and postprandial @entity1243 levels. SUBJECTS: Eight healthy, postmenopausal @entity1 aged 60+/-4 y (mean+/-s.d.) (body mass index, BMI: 26.4+/-2.3 kg m(-2); predicted maximal @entity26 uptake: 29+/-2 ml kg(-1) min(-1)). DESIGN: Plasma responses were studied after subjects consumed the same high-fat, mixed meal on three occasions: after 3 days on a low- @entity1735 diet (35, 50 and 15% energy from @entity1735 , fat and protein, respectively) (Low- @entity435 ); after 3 days on an isoenergetic high- @entity1735 diet (corresponding values 70, 15 and 15%) (High- @entity435 ); and after 3 days on the same high- @entity1735 diet with 60 min of brisk walking daily (High- @entity435 -Ex). MEASUREMENTS: Fasting and postprandial plasma or serum concentrations of @entity1243 , @entity413 and insulin. RESULTS: Fasting @entity1243 was significantly higher (P<0.05) after the High- @entity435 (18.4+/-2.6 ng ml(-1)) (mean+/-s.e.m.) than after both the Low- @entity435 and the High- @entity435 -Ex interventions, which did not differ significantly from each other (16.9+/-2.1 and 15.5+/-2.0 ng ml(-1), respectively; P=0.08). Overall (fasted and postprandial states), plasma @entity1243 concentrations were significantly higher after the High- @entity435 than after the High- @entity435 -Ex intervention. There was a strong, positive, linear relation between postprandial insulin responses and postprandial @entity1243 concentrations at 6 h. In addition, there was a strong, negative, linear relation between whole-body insulin sensitivity (based on postprandial responses of @entity413 and insulin) and postprandial @entity1243 concentrations at 6 h. CONCLUSION: Daily moderate intensity exercise, without concomitant changes in body fat mass, suppressed fasting and postprandial circulating @entity1243 concentrations after consumption of a short-term high- @entity1735 diet. As shown in previous studies, insulin appears to be an important modulator of leptinaemia.

title: Plasma XXXX is influenced by diet composition and exercise.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1243 :: (3952,Gene) :: ['leptin']


abstract: Bone marrow transplantation in @entity1 @entity915 ( @entity915 ) without pretransplant conditioning results in engraftment of donor T cells and reconstitution of T-cell function but engraftment of few, if any, donor B cells and poor reconstitution of humoral immune function. Since bone marrow transplantation remains the most effective treatment of @entity915 @entity1 , better strategies are necessary to achieve optimum long-term results. @entity235 @entity915 , like @entity1 @entity915 , is due to mutations in the @entity16409 ( @entity16409 ) gene and has clinical and immunologic features identical to those of @entity1 @entity915 , making it a true homolog of the @entity1 disease. We have successfully performed bone marrow transplantation in three @entity915 @entity235 without pretransplant conditioning, using untreated bone marrow cells from mixed lymphocyte culture-nonreactive normal littermates. Unlike the experience in @entity1 @entity915 @entity1 , all three @entity235 engrafted both donor B and T cells and attained full reconstitution of immunologic function. Normal percentages of T cells and T-cell mitogenic responses were attained by 3 months posttransplant. CD3+ T cells after transplantation expressed the @entity1195 RA isoform indicating that the cells were recent thymic emigrants derived from immature progenitors. Serum IgG levels were within normal range by 5 months posttransplant. Immunization with the T-dependent antigen, bacteriophage phiX174, demonstrated normal antibody titers, immunologic memory, and class-switching. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of the @entity16409 locus showed that 100% of circulating T cells and 30% to 50% of circulating B cells were donor-derived. None of the @entity235 developed clinically evident @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ). Thus, @entity235 @entity915 provides a model to determine the optimal conditions for bone marrow transplantation in @entity1 @entity1 , and to develop and test strategies for somatic gene therapy.

title: Full immunologic reconstitution following nonconditioned bone marrow transplantation for XXXX @entity915 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['canine', 'Canine', 'dogs']

entities_list: @entity915 :: ('MESH:D053632', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency', 'XSCID']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity16409 :: ('3561', 'Gene') :: ['gamma c', 'common gamma chain']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2299 represent a group of disorders closely related to alterations of @entity165 and @entity1674 . The alterations of these lipids are considered important risk factors in @entity301 and indicate the need for clinically effective and safe drugs. Hypolipidemic agent therapy, however, does not appear without risk since the administration of these agents is by necessity, on a long-term basis. In the conduct of animal safety studies with some hypolipidemics, hyperplastic nodules or @entity5 developed in the liver of rodents. Data from the literature seem to indicate that the @entity5 response in rodents varies with the type of hypolipidemic drug administered. This paper summarizes the studies with the new lipid-regulating agent @entity8445 . Aside from conventional long-term studies in rodents, the ultrastructural aspects of the liver were analyzed in several species and genotoxicity assays and short-term tests for hepatocarcinogenicity were conducted. Thus, it was possible to obtain an overview of these biological phenomena in order to allow for safety extrapolations. The biological behavior of these liver nodules showed that @entity8445 and @entity12880 -induced hepatocytes had not undergone malignant transformation. Further, the phenomenon of peroxisome proliferation, a characteristic event that follows hypolipidemic administration in rodents, was not confirmed in primate or @entity1 liver. Peroxisome proliferation has been linked to the process of hepatocarcinogenesis in rodents, although genotoxicity assays were negative and initiation/promotion tests failed to elicit @entity5 or nodules in a system where hepatocarcinogens manifest their activity. Thus, hypolipidemics such as @entity8445 or @entity12880 may possess low tumorigenic potential with low risk due to the lack of correlation between these tests. Nevertheless, these agents are indicated for specific lipoprotein phenotype alteration with the resulting clinical benefits.

title: Hypolipidemics Carcinogenicity and Extrapolation of Experimental Results for XXXX Safety Assessments.

entities_list: @entity12880 :: ('MESH:D002994', 'Chemical') :: ['clofibrate']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['Dyslipoproteinemias']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity8445 :: ('MESH:D015248', 'Chemical') :: ['gemfibrozil']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Although a wide variety of medical treatments for @entity907 have been proposed, therapy has largely been emperic based on the mechanisms commonly believed to lead to neurocardiogenic fainting. To determine the utility and efficacy of drug therapy and an orthostatic self-training program in the prevention of tilt-induced @entity907 , we investigated 43 consecutive @entity1 who had shown @entity1163 and were induced by head-up tilt test reproducibly, with either traditional medical treatments or orthostatic self-training at home. The initial 19 of 43 @entity1 were treated with either oral @entity1169 or @entity7306 therapies. The remaining 24 @entity1 were treated with an orthostatic self-training program alone. Effects of these therapies on head-up tilt test were reevaluated in all @entity1 . @entity1169 prevented @entity1163 in only six (32%) and @entity7306 in five (26%) of the 19 @entity1 . There was no significant difference in the effectiveness between them. @entity1163 was prevented in nine (47%) @entity1 with either @entity1169 or @entity7306 therapy alone, while in the remaining 10 @entity1 it was not. On the other hand, orthostatic self-training program prevented @entity1163 in 22 (92%) of 24 @entity1 . We concluded that orthostatic self-training program is far more effective than traditional drug therapies. Orthostatic self-training is an effective, safe and well accepted therapy in the prevention of tilt-induced @entity907 .

title: Effects of orthostatic self-training on head-up tilt testing for the prevention of tilt-induced XXXX : comparison of pharmacological therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol', 'propanolol']

entities_list: @entity907 :: ('MESH:D019462', 'Disease') :: ['neurocardiogenic syncope']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncope', 'Syncope']

entities_list: @entity7306 :: ('MESH:D004206', 'Chemical') :: ['disopyramide']

answer: @entity907 :: (MESH:D019462,Disease) :: ['neurocardiogenic syncope']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effect of @entity10211 on muscle is considered to be uncommon and benign. We analyzed the files of all our @entity1 given @entity10211 over a 5-year period and determined the incidence and gravity of its effect on muscles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty treatments with @entity10211 were studied. @entity925 and elevated @entity9153 observed at the pretherapeutic consultation and each month or 2 months thereafter were recorded. RESULTS: Muscle symptoms were noted in 60 p. 100 of the cases: @entity925 in 51 p. 100 and elevated @entity9153 in 41 p. 100. In this group, male sex (H/F = 2.6) and sports activities (70 p. 100) were found more often. In 5 @entity1 , @entity9153 level was 5 times the normal, defining @entity5925 . One @entity1 interrupted treatment because of persistently high @entity9153 levels. DISCUSSION: @entity925 and elevated @entity9153 signal skeletal muscle involvement. These signs were more frequent in our series than in reports in the literature, probably because we systematically looked for them. Besides use of @entity10211 , one case of @entity1800 and sports activities, no other explanatory cause could be found. @entity10211 could have a potentializing effect on other myotoxicity inducers (drugs, @entity221 ...). The benign nature of the muscle effect appears to be validated although there were some @entity1 who had persistent and/or severe signs.

title: [Muscular damage during XXXX treatment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5925 :: ('MESH:D012206', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyolysis']

entities_list: @entity10211 :: ('MESH:D015474', 'Chemical') :: ['isotretinoin', 'Isotretinoin']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['Myalgia', 'myalgia']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['infection, fever, muscular exertion']

answer: @entity10211 :: (MESH:D015474,Chemical) :: ['isotretinoin']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this methodological study was to cross-culturally translate the Shoulder Activity Scale ( @entity3457 ) into the Persian and determine its clinimetric properties including reliability, validity, and responsiveness in @entity1 with @entity74 . METHOD: Persian version of the @entity3457 was obtained after standard forward-backward translation. Three questionnaires were completed by the respondents: @entity3457 , shoulder @entity158 and disability index (SPADI), and Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36). The @entity1 completed the @entity3457 , 1 week after the first visit to evaluate the test-retest reliability. Construct validity was evaluated by examining the associations between the scores on the @entity3457 and the scores obtained from the SPADI, SF-36, and age of the @entity1 . To assess responsiveness, data were collected in the first visit and then again after 4 weeks physiotherapy intervention. Test-retest reliability and internal consistency were assessed using Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha, respectively. To evaluate construct validity, Spearman's rank correlation was used. The ability of the @entity3457 to detect changes was evaluated by the receiver-operating characteristics method. RESULTS: No problem or language difficulties were reported during translation process. Test-retest reliability of the @entity3457 was excellent with an ICC of 0.98. Also, the marginal Cronbach's alpha level of 0.64 was obtained. The correlation between the @entity3457 and the SPADI was low, proving divergent validity, whereas the correlations between the @entity3457 and the SF-36/age were moderate proving convergent validity. A marginally acceptable responsiveness was achieved for the Persian @entity3457 . CONCLUSIONS: The study provides some evidences to support the test-retest reliability, internal consistency, construct validity, and responsiveness of the Persian version of the @entity3457 in @entity1 with @entity74 . Therefore, it seems that this instrument is a useful measure of shoulder activity level in research setting and clinical practice. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: The @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ) is a reliable, valid, and responsive measure of shoulder activity level in Persian-speaking @entity1 with different @entity74 . The results on clinimetric properties of the Persian @entity3457 are comparable with its original, English version. Persian version of the @entity3457 can be used in "clinical" and "research" settings of @entity1 with @entity74 .

title: Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the Persian version of Shoulder Activity Scale in a group of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['shoulder disorders']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['shoulder activity scale', 'SAS']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['shoulder disorders']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate @entity231 incidence in a homogeneously-treated group of @entity1 after @entity348 ( @entity348 ) followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1982 and 1994, a total of 260 @entity1 received either autologous bone marrow or blood stem cell transplantation for @entity1583 at the University of Heidelberg. Two hundred nine of these @entity1 received @entity348 in our hospital. Radiotherapy was applied as hyperfractionated @entity348 , with a median dose of 14.4 Gy in 12 fractions over 4 days. Minimum time between fractions was 4 h. Photons with an energy of 23 MeV were used with a dose rate of 7-18 cGy/min. Ninety-six of the 209 irradiated @entity1 were still alive in 1996; 86 of these @entity1 (52 @entity1 , 33 @entity1 ) answered a questionnaire and could be examined ophthalmologically. The median age at time of @entity348 was 38.5 years, with a range of 15-59 years. RESULTS: The median follow-up is now 5.8 years, with a range of 1.7-13 years. @entity231 occurred in 28/85 @entity1 (32.9%) after a median of 47 months (1-104 months). In 6 of 28 @entity1 who developed a @entity231 , surgery of the @entity231 was performed. Whole-brain irradiation prior to @entity348 had been performed more often in the group of @entity1 developing @entity231 (14.3%) versus 10.7% in the group of @entity1 without @entity231 . However, there was no statistical difference (Chi-square, p>0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity231 is a common side effect of @entity348 . @entity231 incidence found in our @entity1 is comparable to results of other centers using a fractionated regimen for @entity348 . To assess the incidence of @entity231 after @entity348 , a long-term follow-up is required.

title: @entity231 incidence after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total-body irradiation', 'TBI']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancy']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['Cataract', 'cataract']

answer: @entity348 :: (MESH:C535338,Disease) :: ['total-body irradiation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Enhanced respiration during ripening in climacteric fruits is sometimes associated with an uncoupling between the @entity855 synthesis and the mitochondrial electron transport chain. While the participation of two energy-dissipating systems, one of which is mediated by the alternative oxidase (AOX) and the other mediated by the uncoupling protein (UCP), has been linked to fruit ripening, the relation between the activation of both mitochondrial uncoupling systems with the transient increase of @entity1786 synthesis ( @entity1786 peak) remains unclear. To elucidate this question, @entity1786 emission and the two uncoupling (AOX and UCP) pathways were monitored in harvested @entity2732 fruit during the ripening, from green to fully yellow skin. The results confirmed the typical climacteric behavior for @entity2732 fruit: an initial increase in endogenous @entity1786 emission which reaches a maximum (peak) in the intermediate ripening stage, before finally declining to a basal level in ripe fruit. Respiration of intact fruit also increased and achieved higher levels at the end of ripening. On the other hand, in purified mitochondria extracted from fruit pulp the total respiration and respiratory control decrease while an increase in the participation of AOX and UCP pathways was markedly evident during @entity2732 ripening. There was an increase in the AOX capacity during the transition from green fruit to the intermediate stage that accompanied the transient @entity1786 peak, while the @entity3612 consumption triggered by UCP activation increased by 80% from the beginning to end stage of fruit ripening. Expression analyses of AOX (AOX1 and 2) and UCP (UCP1-5) genes revealed that the increases in the AOX and UCP capacities were linked to a higher expression of AOX1 and UCP (mainly UCP1) genes, respectively. In silico promoter analyses of both genes showed the presence of @entity1786 -responsive cis-elements in UCP1 and UCP2 genes. Overall, the data suggest a differential activation of AOX and UCP pathways in regulation related to the @entity1786 peak and induction of specific genes such as AOX1 and UCP1.

title: Involvement of AOX and UCP pathways in the post-harvest ripening of XXXX fruits.

entities_list: @entity1786 :: ('MESH:C036216', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene']

answer: @entity2732 :: (3649,Species) :: ['papaya']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity259 of uncertain malignant potential (TT-UMP) constitute a relatively new diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between immunohistochemical panels, prognostic parameters and TT-UMP. METHODS: Group I was composed of @entity1 diagnosed as @entity259 ( @entity259 ) and Group II of @entity1 diagnosed as TT-UMP. The prognostic scores of @entity1 were calculated using data according to the well-known prognostic scoring systems MACIS, AMES, AGES. Evaluations of antibodies were based on the presence of nuclear staining for @entity986 and @entity876 , membranous and cytoplasmic staining for @entity470 ( @entity470 ) and cytoplasmic staining for fragile @entity3793 triad ( @entity21900 ). RESULTS: Statistically significant difference was noted (p< 0.05) between Group I and Group II according to MACIS and AMES. No statistical difference was found in terms of immunostaining between groups when stained with @entity986 , @entity876 and @entity21900 . On the other hand, in Group II a moderate positive correlation was detected between MACIS and @entity470 . CONCLUSION: According to our findings @entity876 was not important in @entity5 genesis at early stages in well-differentiated @entity259 and @entity986 loss of expression could be used as a finding to help in difficult microscopic diagnosis. TT-UMP is a gray zone of lesions requiring specific therapeutic procedures and postoperative follow-up. A positive correlation was detected between @entity470 and TT-UMP, leading to assume that this situation could be used as a new tool in the follow-up of these @entity1 in the future.

title: Expression of @entity21900 , @entity986 , @entity876 and XXXX as prognostic markers in @entity259 of uncertain malignant potential.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['DTC', 'thyroid carcinomas', 'Thyroid tumors', 'differentiated thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['EGFR']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity158 is the most common complaint of @entity1 on the first day after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of local anesthesia with @entity1341 and intravenous @entity14340 on postoperative @entity490 relief up to 24 h after surgery. METHODS: One hundred and eighty @entity1 who underwent LC were randomized to one of three groups with sixty @entity1 each: Group A received 50 mg 0.5% @entity1341 subcutaneously at trocar sites before incision closure; Group B received intravenous @entity14340 (40 mg) after entering the recovery room; Group C did not receive postoperative analgesia unless needed and was served as control. The @entity282 at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h after the operation was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS). Secondary outcomes, including @entity260 , the incidence of @entity158 , @entity6882 requirements, postoperative @entity390 and @entity391 , and hospital stay were also recorded. RESULTS: At 1, 2, and 4 hours after surgery, VAS @entity158 scores were significantly lower in group A and B compared with group C (P < 0.05 for all). There was no significant difference among the three groups at 8, 12, and 24 hours after the procedure (P > 0.05 for all). A repeated-measures ANOVA analysis revealed that VAS @entity158 scores over the first 24 hours after LC were significantly lower in group A and B compared with group C (P = 0.014 and P = 0.029 for between-group comparison, respectively). Furthermore, the percentage of @entity1 requiring postoperative rescue analgesics was significantly higher in group C as compared with group A and group B (P = 0.018). CONCLUSION: Local anesthesia with @entity1341 and intravenous @entity14340 are both effective at decreasing @entity282 and @entity6882 requirements after LC.

title: Comparison of @entity1341 and XXXX for @entity282 relief after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity14340 :: ('MESH:C409945', 'Chemical') :: ['parecoxib']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative and postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['pethidine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'shoulder pain']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity14340 :: (MESH:C409945,Chemical) :: ['parecoxib']


abstract: PURPOSE: The Kit receptor has been proposed as a key molecular target for the treatment of @entity151 ( @entity151 ). @entity25449 ( @entity584 ) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) are intracellular kinases that regulate cell survival and proliferation and may play a role in Kit signal transduction. This study was designed to examine the expression and importance of Kit, @entity584 , and MAPK relative to standard clinical prognostic factors in @entity151 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Kit, @entity584 , and MAPK expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in @entity151 biopsies. Clinical data were collected on @entity5 stage, weight loss, hematology, biochemistry, response to treatment, and survival. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate prognostic significance. RESULTS: Biopsies from 42 @entity1 were evaluable, and significant Kit expression (>/=35% cells) was detected in 51% of the @entity5 , phosphorylated @entity584 was detected in 62% of the @entity5 , and phosphorylated MAPK was detected in 48% of the @entity5 . Neither Kit nor @entity584 expression predicted for survival. Only increased expression of cytoplasmic MAPK was prognostic for survival (median, 1 year for negative staining versus 1.8 years for positive staining; P = 0.0054). CONCLUSIONS: Kit, @entity584 , and MAPK are expressed in a high percentage of SCLCs, and our data suggest that MAPK is an independent positive predictive factor in this malignancy.

title: Expression and prognostic significance of kit, @entity25449 , and mitogen-activated protein kinase in XXXX with @entity151 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: To evaluate the efficacy of Switch therapy for community-acquired @entity55 , we conducted a prospective randomized controlled study in thirty-two hospitalized @entity1 . These cases corresponded to Fine's risk classes II to IV. Using a table of random numbers, sixteen @entity1 were assigned to a Switch therapy group, and the other sixteen, to a clinical pathway group. Both groups initially received intravenous antimicrobials. Within the Switch therapy group, when all the @entity1 were afebrile for more than sixteen hours, their intravenous antimicrobials were switched to oral, and the @entity1 were discharged on the following day. For all @entity1 in the clinical pathway group, the critical pathway was defined as an eight-day planned hospitalization, with a time-task matrix formatted for disease treatment, laboratory testing, physical examination, @entity26 saturation monitoring, ambulation, diet, @entity1 education and clinical outcome. Switch therapy reduced the period of intravenous antimicrobial administration from 7.6 days to 4.0 days (p < 0.0001). The period required to switch to oral antimicrobials decreased from 8.3 days to 4.8 days (p < 0.0001); hospital stay length, from 9.8 days to 6.5 days (p = 0.0001); and medical resource utilization, from 330, 373 to 227,768 Japanese yen (p = 0.0002). No @entity1 from either group required readmission. In conclusion, Switch therapy was more efficient than management with a clinical pathway for mild to moderate community-acquired @entity55 in hospitalized @entity1 .

title: [The efficacy of switch therapy in community-acquired XXXX in Japan].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: @entity715 is responsible for most acute manifestations of @entity453 , including @entity1459 and non-Q-wave @entity583 ( @entity583 ). Antiplatelet therapy plays a major role in reducing the risk of ischaemic events in such @entity1 . Since @entity556 generation is key in the pathogenesis of @entity715 , recent studies have focussed on @entity556 inhibition in the management of acute ischaemia. Heparin is the most widely used anticoagulant for acute management of @entity715 and is the treatment of choice in the prevention and treatment of @entity1211 . Heparin given in therapeutic doses intravenously has been shown to be more effective than @entity117 at reducing the risk of @entity204 or @entity583 in @entity1 with @entity1459 . Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) have improved pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic properties over standard heparin that may result in greater efficiency and safety. LMWH may be given in fixed doses subcutaneously without monitoring, resulting in greater clinical utility and cost-effectiveness compared with standard heparin. A number of LMWHs- @entity16960 , @entity2120 and nadroparin-have been evaluated in @entity1459 . In a small open trial, @entity11270 reduced the risk of ischaemic outcomes compared with @entity117 alone or a combination of @entity117 and standard heparin. @entity16960 has been evaluated in two large clinical trials in the management of @entity1459 . The low-Molecular-Weight Heparin (Fragmin) During Instability in @entity453 (FRISC) trial showed that @entity16960 resulted in a 63% reduction in risk of @entity204 or acute @entity583 compared with @entity117 alone. The Fragmin in Unstable @entity453 (FRIC) trial showed that @entity16960 was as effective as intravenous heparin. @entity2120 resulted in a statistically significant 16% reduction in the combined outcome of @entity204 , @entity583 and recurrence of @entity951 in comparison with standard heparin in the Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous Enoxaparin in Non-Q-Wave Coronary Events (ESSENCE) trial. There is accumulating evidence that LMWHs are safe and effective alternatives to standard heparin in unstable @entity453 and that they offer practical and therapeutic advantages.

title: Low-molecular-weight heparins and XXXX --current perspectives.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity16960 :: ('MESH:D017985', 'Chemical') :: ['Dalteparin', 'dalteparin']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity11270 :: ('MESH:D017762', 'Chemical') :: ['nadroparin']

entities_list: @entity2120 :: ('MESH:D017984', 'Chemical') :: ['enoxaparin', 'Enoxaparin']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary Artery Disease', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'Thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1459 :: (MESH:D000789,Disease) :: ['unstable angina']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether vitreous levels of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) predict late @entity548 ( @entity548 ) after vitrectomy for @entity6 , and how @entity7 level changes in @entity1 with postoperative late @entity548 . METHODS: Eighty-five eyes of 68 @entity1 with @entity6 who underwent vitrectomy were analyzed retrospectively. Vitreous samples were collected from eyes undergoing primary vitrectomy and from eyes with late @entity548 undergoing second vitrectomy. Vitreous @entity7 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The relationship between @entity7 level and late @entity548 (>4 weeks) occurring during follow-up as well as clinical findings, and changes in @entity7 level in eyes with late @entity548 undergoing second vitrectomy were analyzed. RESULTS: Late @entity548 occurred in 20 (24%) of 85 eyes, and 9 eyes required second vitrectomy. Vitreous levels of @entity7 were significantly higher (median: 1,945 pg/mL; P < 0.0001) in eyes with late @entity548 than in those without. Preexisting @entity1539 (P < 0.0001), @entity101 (P = 0.002), and @entity644 (P = 0.040) were also significant risk factors of late @entity548 . Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a higher vitreous @entity7 level was independently associated with a risk of postoperative late @entity548 in @entity1 with @entity6 (odds ratio: 20.8, 95% confidence interval: 2.72-159.47; P = 0.003). Vitreous @entity7 level at second vitrectomy in @entity1 with late @entity548 was significantly lower compared with that at primary vitrectomy, but remained elevated (median: 1,610 pg/mL; P = 0.023). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity6 , high intraocular @entity7 level at primary vitrectomy was identified as an independent risk factor of postoperative late @entity548 . Persistent overproduction of intraocular @entity7 may be associated with postoperative late @entity548 .

title: PERSISTENT OVERPRODUCTION OF INTRAOCULAR XXXX AS A CAUSE OF LATE VITREOUS HEMORRHAGE AFTER VITRECTOMY FOR PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1539 :: ('MESH:D007499', 'Disease') :: ['iris neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous hemorrhage', 'VH']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR']


abstract: Most proteins in eukaryotic cells are degraded by a highly selective non-lysosomal pathway that requires @entity855 and a large multicatalytic proteinase complex known as the 26S proteasome. In the present study, we evaluated the possibility that the proteasome-mediated pathway is involved in the regulation of laccase production by the efficient lignin-degrading basidiomycete Trametes versicolor in response to @entity3409 . These studies were performed using @entity16626 and @entity53562 as specific proteasome inhibitors separately added to the culture medium of 7-day-old mycelia of T. versicolor at the start of incubation with 10-200 muM @entity10278 . We found that @entity3280 stimulated laccase activity at all concentrations tested. The highest increase was observed at 100 muM @entity3280 , where laccase activity was three to fivefold higher than in @entity3280 -free cultures. Blocking of proteasome function in @entity3280 -supplemented cultures resulted in the considerably lower laccase activity in comparison to controls with no proteasomal inhibitor added. The decline of extracellular laccase activity triggered by the proteasome inhibitors was especially significant in the case of cultures with 100 muM @entity3280 , where around seven and threefold lost of laccase activity was observed for @entity16626 and @entity53562 , respectively. Similar findings were obtained for intracellular laccase. In contrast to @entity3280 -supplemented cultures, no significant change in laccase activity could be detected for @entity3280 -free cultures after exposure to the proteasome inhibitors. Effects observed with @entity503 , the inhibitor of lysosomal proteolysis, added to T. versicolor cultures were markedly different from those found in the case of the proteasome inhibitors. We also showed that addition of @entity3280 to growing cultures of T. versicolor did not significantly affect proteasome activities detected in high molecular (above 500 kDa) fractions of mycelial extracts. Our results strongly support the interpretation that the proteasome-mediated proteolytic pathway plays an important role in the regulation of T. versicolor laccase activity in response to @entity3280 .

title: Inhibition of the proteasome strongly affects XXXX stimulated laccase activity in Trametes versicolor.

entities_list: @entity53562 :: ('MESH:C488643', 'Chemical') :: ['lactacystin beta-lactone']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

answer: @entity3409 :: (MESH:D002104,Chemical) :: ['cadmium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The role of @entity66 in @entity303 in older @entity1 has been the subject of controversy. This study was undertaken to examine the prevalence of @entity455 in a prospective autopsy series of @entity1 with clinically diagnosed @entity303 . DESIGN: Structured review of clinical and neuropathological examinations. Clinical diagnoses were assigned in accordance with the recommendations of the NINCDS/ADRDA consensus panel. Neuropathological examinations were performed at an academic neuropathology service using published consensus criteria for the diagnosis of @entity195 and other forms of @entity303 . SETTING: A subspecialty, outpatient @entity303 clinic in a university-affiliated suburban American hospital. @entity1 : Eighty-seven unselected @entity1 coming to autopsy who had undergone clinical @entity303 evaluation. RESULTS: @entity303 could not be attributed to the effects of @entity66 alone in any of the 87 @entity1 coming to autopsy. Seventy-six (87%) of the @entity1 were found to have @entity195 ( @entity195 ), 44 had @entity195 alone, and 32 had @entity195 in combination with @entity66 ( @entity66 ). All of the @entity1 with signs of @entity66 at autopsy were also found to have some @entity179 . The absence of @entity1 in whom @entity1294 could be diagnosed at neuropathology was not the result of recruitment bias. CONCLUSION: Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion of @entity195 or other neurodegenerative process in older @entity1 whose presenting complaint is @entity303 , even in the presence of well documented @entity66 .

title: Absence of @entity1294 in an autopsy series from a XXXX clinic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dementia']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['concomitant neurodegenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: Nuts have been identified as a vector for @entity5746 . The objective of this project was to estimate the prevalence and contamination level of Salmonella in raw tree nuts (cashews, pecans, hazelnuts, @entity69136 , pine nuts, and walnuts) at retail markets in the United States. A total of 3,656 samples of six types of tree nuts were collected from different types of retail stores and markets nationwide between October 2014 and October 2015. These samples were analyzed using a modified version of the Salmonella culture method from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual. Of the 3,656 samples collected and tested, 32 were culturally confirmed as containing Salmonella. These isolates represented 25 serotypes. Salmonella was not detected in pecans and in-shell hazelnuts. Salmonella prevalence estimates (and 95% confidence intervals) in cashews, shelled hazelnuts, pine nuts, walnuts, and @entity69136 were 0.55% [0.15, 1.40], 0.35% [0.04, 1.20], 0.48% [0.10, 1.40], 1.20% [0.53, 2.40], and 4.20% [2.40, 6.90], respectively. The rates of Salmonella isolation from major or big chain supermarkets, small chain supermarkets, discount, variety, or drug stores, and online were 0.64% [0.38, 1.00], 1.60% [0.80, 2.90], 0.00% [0.00, 2.40], and 13.64% [2.90, 35.00], respectively (Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test: P = 0.02). The rates of Salmonella isolation for conventional and organic nuts were not significantly different. Of the samples containing Salmonella, 60.7% had levels less than 0.003 @entity25736 ( @entity25736 )/g. The highest contamination level observed was 0.092 @entity25736 /g. The prevalence and levels of Salmonella in these tree nut samples were comparable to those previously reported for similar foods.

title: Prevalence of Salmonella in Cashews, Hazelnuts, XXXX , Pecans, Pine Nuts, and Walnuts in the United States.

entities_list: @entity25736 :: ('MESH:C536741', 'Disease') :: ['most probable number', 'MPN']

entities_list: @entity69136 :: ('60698', 'Species') :: ['macadamia nuts']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['salmonellosis']

answer: @entity69136 :: (60698,Species) :: ['Macadamia Nuts']


abstract: With the help of a surgical nurse and using data-processing techniques, a prospective clinical study was conducted to determine the @entity2737 rate in two hospitals in Calgary. The overall @entity295 rate was 5.2% and the clean wound rate 3.5%. The latter is the more meaningful figure as it allows for comparison between hospitals, specialties and individuals and is a good guide for hospital morbidity reviews. The groundwork for succeeding @entity2737 is laid in the operating theatre, and it is believed that @entity2737 would be reduced more by attention to Halsted's principles than by more rigid aseptic techniques. It is estimated that wound @entity295 costs the Province of Alberta 1.5 million dollars per year for hospitalization alone. This amounts to roughly  1 per @entity1 per year. The annual cost of a prospective study such as the present one is approximately  7000. This is equivalent to the cost of hospitalizing 24 @entity1 with @entity2737 for one week (at  300 per week). One dividend of a prospective study is an associated reduction in @entity281 rate. This reduction more than pays for the cost of the program.

title: Surgical wound XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['infected wounds', 'wound infection']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objectives. The study was aimed at providing a psychosocial profile for Iranian liver transplant candidates referred to an established liver transplantation program. Material and Methods. @entity1 assessed for liver transplant candidacy in Imam Khomeini Hospital (Tehran, Iran) between March 2013 and September 2014 were included. The following battery of tests were administered: Psychosocial Assessment of Candidates for Transplant ( @entity15649 ), the Short-Form health survey (SF-36), and Hospital @entity148 and @entity308 Scale (HADS). Results. Psychosocial assessment in 205 liver transplant candidates revealed @entity73 in several SF-36 domains; social functioning was the least and physical functioning was the most impaired domains. The prevalence of cases with probable @entity148 and @entity308 , according to HADS, was 13.8% and 5.6%, respectively. According to @entity15649 , 24.3% of the assessed individuals were considered good or excellent candidates. In 11.2%, transplantation seemed poor candidate due to at least one major psychosocial or lifestyle risk factor. Poor candidate quality was associated with impaired health-related quality of life and higher scores on @entity148 and @entity308 scales (p < 0.05). Conclusions. Transplant programs could implement specific intervention programs based on normative databases to address the psychosocial issues in @entity1 in order to improve @entity1 care, quality of life, and transplant outcomes.

title: Psychosocial Status of Liver Transplant Candidates in Iran and Its Correlation with Health-Related Quality of Life and XXXX and @entity148 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive disorders', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['significant impairments']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Distinguishing @entity162 from major @entity308 is a major challenge in psychiatric treatment. Consequently, there has been growing interest in identifying neuronal biomarkers of disorder-specific pathophysiological processes to differentiate @entity1316 . Thirty-six depressed @entity162 @entity1 , 36 @entity308 @entity1 and 36 matched healthy controls participated in an fMRI-experiment. Emotional faces served as stimuli in a matching task. We investigated neural activation towards angry, fearful and happy faces focusing on prototypical regions related to emotion processing, ie the amygdala and the anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG). Furthermore, we employed a whole-brain and a multivariate pattern classification analysis. Unipolar @entity1 showed abnormally reduced ACG activation towards happy and fearful faces compared with @entity162 @entity1 and healthy controls respectively. Furthermore, the whole-brain analysis revealed significantly increased activation in @entity162 @entity1 compared with unipolar @entity1 in the fearful condition in the right frontal and parietal cortex. Moreover, the multivariate pattern classification analysis yielded significant classification rates of up to 72% based on ACG activation elicited by fearful faces. Our results question the rather 'amygdalocentric' neurobiological models of @entity1316 . We observed patterns of abnormally reduced ventral and supragenual ACG activation potentially indicating impaired bottom-up emotion processing and automatic emotion regulation specifically in unipolar but not in @entity162 individuals.Neuropsychopharmacology accepted article preview online, 16 February 2017. doi:10.1038/npp.2017.36.

title: Differential Abnormal Pattern of Anterior Cingulate Gyrus Activation in XXXX : An fMRI and Pattern Classification Approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders', 'mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'bipolar']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed unipolar', 'depressive disorder']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['Unipolar and Bipolar Depression']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) is one among the anti- @entity5 agents in FOLFORINOX treatment along with @entity901 and @entity2600 for the treatment of @entity14 . Despite its potential activity on the @entity5 cells, it lacks site specificity partly attributed by its biodistribution to healthy cells resulting in toxic effects to healthy cells. Therefore, we have formulated @entity1487 enteric-coated nanoparticles (5-FUEC) to localize the drug in the colon area that enables its prolonged presence in target area in a sustained manner. The current work emphasizes on enhanced anti- @entity5 activity of 5-FUEC sequencing its apoptotic activity on HCT 116 @entity14 cell lines in vitro. @entity98 assay exhibited 5.5-fold decrease in IC50 value of nanoparticles comparable to @entity1487 . @entity1949 with irregular edges in nucleus of cells justified its improved activity. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis confirms the majority of cells gated in early apoptotic (39.75%) and late apoptotic phase (36.25%). Acridine orange/ @entity5611 staining (AO/EB) exhibited cells with red fluorescence (indicating apoptosis) comparable to the control and @entity1487 . y-Scintigraphic studies determined the applicability and feasibility of the enteric coating with mean gastric emptying time, mean intestinal transit time and mean colon arrival time of 1.89        0.03, 2.15        0.05 and 4.03        0.27   h, respectively. Moreover, nanoparticulate approach was found significant in reducing @entity5 size and volume in xenograft @entity5 models in vivo along with sustained release. These superior anti- @entity5 activities exhibited by 5-FUEC indicated that it could be a potential alternative to chemotherapy for @entity14 .

title: @entity1487 enteric-coated nanoparticles for improved apoptotic activity and therapeutic index in treating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['Nuclear fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity5611 :: ('MESH:D004996', 'Chemical') :: ['ethidium bromide']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-Fluorouracil', '5-FU', '5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECT: The purpose of this study was to analyze preoperative predictors of endocrinological remission following endonasal endoscopic resection of therapy-resistant prolactin-, @entity2124 ( @entity2124 )-, and @entity4545 (ACTH)-secreting @entity977 and to establish benchmarks for cure by using the most recent consensus criteria. METHODS: The authors reviewed a prospective database of 86 consecutive functional @entity977 that were resected by a purely endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal technique. Extent of resection was evaluated on postoperative contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Endocrinological remission was defined according to the most recent consensus criteria. RESULTS: The majority of functional @entity652 (62.8%) were classified as macroadenomas (> 1 cm in maximum diameter), and 20.9% of lesions had invaded the cavernous sinus (CS) at the time of surgery. A gross-total resection was achieved in 75.6% of all @entity1 . The rate of endocrinological remission differed between various types of functional @entity652 . Cure rates were 92.3% (microadenomas) and 57.1% (macroadenomas) for @entity2013 , 75% (microadenomas) and 40% (macroadenomas) for @entity2124 -secreting @entity5 , and 54.5% (microadenomas) and 71.4% (macroadenomas) for ACTH-secreting @entity5 . Lower rates of cure occurred in @entity2124 -secreting macroadenomas due to a high rate of CS invasion, and in ACTH-secreting @entity652 due to a high rate of lesions that were not visible on preoperative MR imaging. Whereas univariate analysis showed that macroadenoma, suprasellar, cavernous extension, or extent of resection correlated with cure, on multivariate analysis, only extent of resection and suprasellar extension predicted cure. One @entity1 developed @entity86 that was complicated by @entity1276 requiring a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Two @entity1 developed @entity86 , and 2 @entity1 suffered from CSF leaks, which were treated with lumbar CSF diversion. CONCLUSIONS: This paper reports benchmarks for endocrinological cure as well as complications in a large series of purely endoscopic pituitary surgeries by using the most recent consensus criteria. The advantages of extended endonasal approaches are most profound in @entity5 with suprasellar extension and CS invasion.

title: Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery for functional XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['adrenocorticotropic hormone']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinomas']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative panhypopituitarism', 'postoperative meningitis']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: @entity6375 is both a commensal of the @entity1 intestinal tract and an opportunistic pathogen. The increasing incidence of @entity281 is mainly due to the ability of this organism to develop resistance to multiple antibiotics, including @entity2176 . The aim of this study was to perform comparative genome analyses on four @entity2176 -resistant @entity6375 (VREfm) strains isolated from two fatal cases in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia. Two sequence types, ST80 and ST203, were identified which belong to the clinically important clonal complex (CC) 17. This is the first report on the emergence of ST80 strains in Malaysia. Three of the studied strains (VREr5, VREr6, VREr7) were each isolated from different body sites of a single @entity1 ( @entity1 Y) and had different @entity20297 patterns. While VREr6 and VREr7 were phenotypically and genotypically similar, the initial isolate, VREr5, was found to be more similar to VRE2 isolated from another @entity1 ( @entity1 X), in terms of the genome contents, sequence types and phylogenomic relationship. Both the clinical records and genome sequence data suggested that @entity1 Y was infected by multiple strains from different clones and the strain that infected @entity1 Y could have derived from the same clone from @entity1 X. These multidrug resistant strains harbored a number of virulence genes such as the epa locus and pilus-associated genes which could enhance their persistence. Apart from that, a homolog of @entity797 @entity5157 locus was identified in VREr5 which might be involved in biofilm formation. Overall, our comparative genomic analyses had provided insight into the genetic relatedness, as well as the virulence potential, of the four clinical strains.

title: Comparative genome analysis of multiple @entity2176 -resistant XXXX isolated from two fatal cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['enterococcal infections']

entities_list: @entity6375 :: ('1352', 'Species') :: ['Enterococcus faecium']

answer: @entity6375 :: (1352,Species) :: ['Enterococcus faecium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity is a serious medical condition affecting more than 30  % of Indiana, and 25  % of Unites States pregnant @entity1 . Obesity is related to maternal complications, and significantly impacts the health of pregnant @entity1 . The objective of this study was to describe the relationship between maternal complications and pre-pregnancy maternal weight. METHODS: Using logistic regression models, we analyzed 2008 to 2010 birth certificate data, for 255,773 live births abstracted from the Indiana Vital Statistics registry. We examined the risk of reproductive factors, @entity532 and perinatal (intrapartum) complications for underweight, healthy weight, overweight and @entity28 @entity1 for this population. RESULTS: @entity1 who received prenatal care were more likely to be @entity28 [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)   =   1.82 (1.56-2.13)]. While @entity1 with parity of zero (0) were less likely to be @entity28 [AOR   =   0.89, 95  % CI (0.86-0.91)]. @entity1 giving birth to twins [AOR   =   1.25, 95  % CI (1.17- 1.33)], @entity1 delivering by Caesarian section [AOR   =   2.31, 95  % CI ( 2.26-2.37)], and @entity1 who previously had a Caesarian section [AOR   =   1.95, 95  % CI (1.88-2.02)] were more likely to be @entity28 . There was evidence of metabolic like complication in this population, due to @entity28 . Obesity was significantly associated with obstetrical conditions of the @entity209 , including pre-pregnancy @entity6 , pre-pregnancy @entity101 , pregnancy-induced @entity101 and @entity3036 [AOR   =   5.12, 95  % CI (4.47-5.85); AOR   =   3.87, 95  % CI (3.68-4.08); AOR   =   7.66, 95  % CI (6.77-8.65); AOR   =   3.23, 95  % CI (3.07-3.39); and AOR   =   1.77, 95  % CI (1.31-2.40), respectively. @entity28 modestly increased the risk of induction, epidural, @entity548 , and @entity1162 [AOR   =   1.26, 95  % CI (1.23-1.29); AOR   =   1.15, 95  % CI (1.13-1.18); AOR   =   1.20, 95  % CI (1.12-1.28); and AOR   =   1.44, 95  % CI (1.30-1.61)], respectively. Obese @entity1 were less likely to have blood transfusions [AOR   =   .74, 95  % CI (0.58-96)], vaginal tears [AOR   =   0.51, 95  % CI (0.44-0.59)], or infections [AOR   =   86, 95  % CI (0.80-0.93)]. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that maternal @entity28 in Indiana, like other populations in the USA, is associated with high risks of maternal complications for pregnant @entity1 . Pre-pregnancy @entity28 prevention efforts should focus on targeting @entity1 , adolescent and young @entity1 , if the goal to reduce the risk of maternal complications related to @entity28 , is to be reached.

title: Relationship between maternal XXXX and prenatal, @entity209 , obstetrical and perinatal complications of pregnancy in Indiana, 2008-2010.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes, gestational diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'Maternal obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['post-delivery bleeding']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['obstetrical complications']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged labor']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Susceptibility testing of fungi by flow cytometry (also called fluorescence-activated cell sorting [FACS]) using vital staining with @entity2937 showed a good correlation with the standard M27-A procedure for assessing MICs. In this study we determined MICs for blood culture isolates from @entity1 with @entity4963 by NCCLS M27-A and FACS methods and correlated the clinical outcome of these @entity1 with in vitro antifungal resistance test results. A total of 24 @entity1 with @entity4963 for whom one or more blood cultures were positive for a Candida sp. were included. Susceptibility testing was performed by NCCLS M27-A and FACS methods. The correlation of MICs (NCCLS M27-A and FACS) and clinical outcome was calculated. In 83% of the cases, the MICs of @entity2380 determined by FACS were within 1 dilution of the MICs determined by the NCCLS M27-A method. For proposed susceptibility breakpoints, there was 100% agreement between the M27-A and FACS methods. In the FACS assay, a @entity2380 MIC of <1 microg/ml was associated with cure (P < 0.001) whereas an MIC of > or =1 microg/ml was associated with @entity204 (P < 0.001). The @entity55658 -derived @entity2380 MICs did not correlate with outcome (P = 1 and P = 0.133).

title: Antifungal susceptibility testing of XXXX by flow cytometry correlates with clinical outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity4963 :: ('MESH:D058387', 'Disease') :: ['candidemia']

answer: @entity2380 :: (MESH:D015725,Chemical) :: ['fluconazole']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We conducted a multiinstitutional phase II study of @entity416 in combination with @entity1206 and trastuzumab in @entity1 eligible to receive first- or second-line treatment for @entity1 epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 ( @entity1722 )-positive ( @entity1722 (+)) @entity0 ( @entity0 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: The study was designed to test that the true confirmed response rate (CRR) was at most 45% vs. a true CRR of at least 65%. Between March 2005 and June 2008, eligible @entity1 received @entity416 825 mg/m   orally on days 1 to 14, @entity1206 25 mg/m   intravenously on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks, and trastuzumab 8 mg/kg intravenously on day 1 week 1 and 6 mg/kg every 3 weeks. The main outcome measure was CRR. RESULTS: Of 47 @entity1 accrued, 45 were evaluable. This design required at least 25 confirmed responses in the 45 evaluable @entity1 for the treatment to be considered promising. Thirty @entity1 (67%) achieved a confirmed response; 25 @entity1 (56%) had a confirmed partial response (PR); 5 @entity1 (11%) had confirmed complete responses (CRs). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 11.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.4-16.7 months). Median overall survival was 28.5 months (95% CI, 24.8-36.4 months). CONCLUSIONS: This triplet combination demonstrated promising activity in @entity1 with @entity1722 (+) @entity0 .

title: Phase II interventional study (N0337) of @entity416 in combination with @entity1206 and trastuzumab for first- or second-line treatment of XXXX -positive @entity0 : a north central cancer treatment group trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic breast cancer', 'MBC']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['HER2']


abstract: @entity26 free radicals (OFRs) are associated with ischaemia-reperfusion injury involving many organs, including the heart, which can lead to @entity308 in the cardiac ultrastructure. This is seen upon the release of the aortic crossclamp when the ischaemic myocardium is reperfused in @entity1 undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Various studies have shown that by adding OFR scavenging agents or antioxidants to the CPB prime or cardioplegia, cardiac performance improves. @entity2656 is an osmotic diuretic with free radical scavenging properties, which has been shown to reduce the extent of @entity130 and improve the function of the myocardium. This study evaluated how effective @entity2656 is as an OFR scavenger by administering different concentrations of cardioplegia antegrade into the aortic root, thus maximising its effects directly upon the myocardium rather than being diluted in the CPB prime. Thirty-three @entity1 undergoing primary coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) were, by double blind random selection, allocated into one of three groups: group 1, a control group (consisting of 11 @entity1 ) receiving no @entity2656 ; group 2 (11 @entity1 ), receiving a concentration of 4 g/l; and group 3 (11 @entity1 ), receiving 8 g/l. Three blood samples were taken directly from the coronary sinus during bypass: the first sample at the start of bypass, just prior to the crossclamp being applied; the second sample just after removal of the crossclamp; and the third sample just prior to termination of bypass. All samples were then centrifuged and the plasma analysed for @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). @entity1865 , an endproduct of lipid peroxidation, causes cellular damage and disruption of cell membranes when tissue antioxidants are exhausted. The more @entity1865 produced, the greater the depletion of tissue antioxidants secondary to OR formation during reperfusion when the aortic crossclamp is removed. HPLC is a useful biochemical study; however, it is not a direct indicator of @entity308 , such as an invasive test would be, and this should be borne in mind. Statistically, the results do not show a significant difference among the three groups or among the three samples. However, a trend can be seen, which shows lower levels of @entity1865 in the two groups receiving @entity2656 and there is an indication of a rise in @entity1865 levels upon the start of reperfusion in the two groups receiving @entity2656 , but not the control group. It is concluded that further samples would be needed to find a significant difference in @entity1865 concentrations.

title: @entity2656 in cardioplegia as an XXXX free radical scavenger measured by @entity1234 .

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['Mannitol', 'mannitol']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed myocardial function', 'depressed cardiac function and abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic injury']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Molecular structural changes in hair, skin and breast associated with @entity0 have been observed using synchrotron fibre diffraction. These results raised the possibility that such hair studies might be used as a non-invasive diagnostic marker for @entity0 . A series of double-blinded studies was undertaken to establish the specificity of such a tool. Hair samples from controls, @entity1 with @entity5 of the breast and other sites including the colon were studied. An associated study of collagenous colon tissue was also undertaken. MATERIAL/METHODS: Single hairs were used for the fibre diffraction study. Collagenous colon samples were dissected near the @entity5 and from the ends of the colon section. The protocols followed exactly the associated @entity0 studies. RESULTS: A ring of radius 4.53+/- 0.03 nm, superimposed on the patterns obtained for the controls, was observed in the diffraction patterns for the hair of all @entity694 @entity1 . This radius is different from that observed for @entity0 . In the collagen tissue study, two discrete sets of additional rings are superimposed on the normal collagenous colon pattern, one for samples adjacent to the @entity5 and one for samples distal from the @entity5 . The latter revealed that tissue at the point of dissection was not always normal. CONCLUSIONS: Here we show that, since the sensitivity and specificity for the difference observed in the diffraction patterns of hair in @entity694 are both 100%, a fibre diffraction analysis could be a simple, non-invasive screening test for @entity694 .

title: Fibre diffraction from a single hair can provide an early non-invasive test for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Errors of medication are frequent causes of hazards to @entity1 . It has been suggested that containers that look alike constitute a risk of such errors. In this article, we present an example of how reporting incidents of potential risks, can be applied in their clinical management. MATERIAL AND METHODS: As part of a medical technology assessment project on risk management in a delivery department, the staff were encouraged to report incidents that could create a potential risk to @entity1 . The incidents were assessed by a project group as either a general problem to @entity1 safety or a solitary incident. If considered a general problem, procedures should be changed and implemented in the department. RESULTS: Two incidents were reported, where @entity6358 and @entity1425 were found in a box supposed to contain @entity2067 for new-born babies. These were considered a general problem by the project group, and the procedure for storing and managing @entity6358 and @entity1425 in the delivery department was changed to prevent new cases. DISCUSSION: Near misses occur more often than actual errors, and we argue that, as they are easier to discover, it is important to learn from them and thus prevent further incidents. A forum should be set up to exchange experiences of acknowledged risks, hazards, analytical results and preventive solutions.

title: [Risk management by reporting critical incidents. @entity2067 and XXXX mix-up at a birthing unit].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity6358 :: ('MESH:D004809', 'Chemical') :: ['ephedrine']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

answer: @entity6358 :: (MESH:D004809,Chemical) :: ['ephedrine']


abstract: The interaction of @entity10647 ( @entity10647 ) with cell surface glycosaminoglycans has been shown to promote the endothelial release of prostacyclin (PGI2). Because PGI2 plays an important role in gastric cytoprotection, we examined whether @entity10647 prevents water-immersion restraint stress (WIR)-induced @entity1819 in @entity35 by promoting the endothelial release of PGI2. Intravenous administration of @entity10647 (250 U/kg) prevented WIR-induced @entity1819 in @entity35 . Gastric levels of @entity9077 , a stable metabolite of PGI2, were significantly increased 0.5 and 1 hour after WIR in animals administered @entity10647 compared with control animals. The effects induced by @entity10647 in animals subjected to WIR were not observed in animals that were administered DEGR-Xa, a selective inhibitor of thrombin generation, or Trp49-modified @entity10647 , which lacks affinity for heparin. In animals subjected to WIR gastric mucosal blood flow was significantly reduced with a simultaneous increase in gastric mucosal microvascular permeability. Activated neutrophils have been implicated in the WIR-induced @entity551 flow by increasing microvascular permeability. Although @entity10647 prevented the @entity551 flow and the increase in gastric mucosal microvascular permeability in animals subjected to WIR, neither DEGR-Xa nor Trp49-modified @entity10647 had any effect. Pretreatment of animals with @entity3352 completely inhibited the protective effects of @entity10647 against WIR-induced @entity1819 and the @entity10647 -induced increase in post-WIR gastric @entity9077 levels. These results strongly suggest that @entity10647 prevents stress-induced @entity1819 by increasing the gastric levels of PGI2 through the interaction of @entity10647 with cell-surface glycosaminoglycans, thus increasing gastric mucosal blood flow both by vasodilation and by inhibiting neutrophil activation.

title: Antithrombin prevents stress-induced @entity1819 by increasing the gastric prostacyclin level in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric mucosal injury']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity10647 :: ('MESH:D020152', 'Disease') :: ['AT', 'antithrombin']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of gastric mucosal blood']

entities_list: @entity9077 :: ('MESH:D015121', 'Chemical') :: ['6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We studied @entity2247 immunohistochemical staining intensity both in prostatic biopsy and surgical samples of @entity1 with @entity263 to determine if it might provide prognostic information for the decision of re-biopsy indication. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 28 @entity1 undergone radical prostatectomy whose final pathologic examination revealed @entity263 were included in the study. 12 @entity1 with BPH in their pathological examination of both prostatic biopsy and open prostatectomy were considered as a control group. Intensity of @entity2247 receptor was examined with immunohistochemical staining according to standard techniques. RESULTS: Positive @entity2247 receptor staining was obtained 89.3% of biopsy samples and 93% of surgical samples in all @entity5 @entity1 . The rate of agreement in @entity2247 receptor staining of biopsy samples and radical prostatectomy samples was 76% in same @entity1 (p=0,54). Similarly, the @entity2247 receptor levels in biopsy specimens of @entity1 with BPH open surgery compared with samples of the agreement still rate was 41%( p=0.41). @entity263 exchanging @entity2247 receptor levels in @entity1 with biopsy specimens in @entity1 with BPH were found significantly more (p=0,008). CONCLUSION: Our this study, the feasibility of presence of @entity2247 receptor staining in biopsy samples was shown. We have also demonstrated that @entity2247 staining intensity was higher in prostatic biopsy samples of @entity1 with @entity263 than @entity1 with BPH. This leads a conclusion that, higher @entity2247 expression levels in biopsy specimens may be used to decide re-biopsy in borderline preoperative PSA levels as well as in the cases with suspicious pathological findings for @entity5 .

title: Predictive value of Cyclooxygenase-2 over expression for identifying XXXX from benign prostatic hyperplasia in prostate biopsy specimens.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic adenocarcinoma', 'prostatic cancer', 'prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Baseball pitchers appear to be prone to @entity438 and its branches. The cause is probably related to repetitive compression of or @entity2701 on the vessels at the level of the pectoralis minor muscle and the humeral head, which is exacerbated by the pitching motion. The incidence of @entity438 and its branches among pitchers and other athletes is not known, nor is it clear whether pitchers who are at high risk of @entity1317 can be identified before irreversible damage to the vessels has occurred. Perhaps @entity1 who have documented compression or occlusion of the vessel with the arm in the abducted, externally rotated position are at higher risk. Screening pitchers to identify those with axillary artery compression, @entity439 , or @entity715 has also not been shown to be effective. Certainly, many pitchers will have some level of compression of the axillary artery with their arm in the pitching position but will never develop any clinical abnormality requiring treatment. Screening would therefore probably lead to a high false-positive rate. It is clear, however, that pitchers who complain of @entity63 -type symptoms such as early fatigue or who have evidence of emboli require a complete evaluation to rule out any abnormality of the axillary artery or one of its branches. Orthopaedic surgeons who see pitchers and other athletes involved in repetitive overhead motions need to be aware of this disorder so that they order the appropriate tests and obtain a vascular consultation--and make a prompt diagnosis. Treatment will vary depending on the type of lesion and on which vessel or vessels are involved, and should be decided on by the team of surgeons treating the @entity1 .

title: An XXXX involving the axillary artery and its branch vessels in a major league baseball pitcher. A case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms of the axillary artery']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysm']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4671 is an anesthetic agent with rapid onset, short duration of action, a generally stable hemodynamic profile, and cerebroprotective effects. It is used in the hospital setting to facilitate emergency endotracheal intubation. This helicopter EMS used @entity4671 as an intubating agent without paralytics for 2 years. METHODS: Intubations performed by the helicopter crew using @entity4671 alone were reviewed. Intubation was classified as successful or unsuccessful. Successful intubations requiring three or more attempts or repeated doses of @entity4671 were interpreted as difficult. RESULTS: Fifty @entity1 received @entity4671 to facilitate orotracheal intubation. @entity4671 was the sole agent in 44 of these cases. Mean age was 31 years (range 4-79); 35 @entity1 (80%) were @entity1 . Most @entity1 (79%) were victims of blunt @entity130 . The mean dose of @entity4671 was 0.5 mg/kg (range 0.3-1.1). Hemodynamic parameters remained stable. Intubation was successful in 39 @entity1 (89%). Intubation was difficult in seven @entity1 (16%) and unsuccessful in five (11%). @entity7871 was noted in three of the five @entity1 for whom intubation was unsuccessful. Other complications included @entity391 in eight @entity1 and @entity410 -like activity in one @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity4671 can be used to facilitate emergency endotracheal intubation in the prehospital air medical setting, with a success rate of 89%. At the doses used in the study, hemodynamic parameters remained stable, but intubation was difficult or unsuccessful in 27% of @entity1 . @entity7871 , which may represent orofacial @entity2045 or inadequate relaxation, is common in @entity1 who cannot be intubated with @entity4671 . @entity4671 is recommended as a sole agent for facilitating intubation only when rapid sequence intubation with @entity912 is contraindicated or otherwise undesirable.

title: XXXX as a sole agent for endotracheal intubation in the prehospital air medical setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus']

entities_list: @entity7871 :: ('MESH:D014313', 'Disease') :: ['Masseter muscle spasm']

entities_list: @entity4671 :: ('MESH:D005045', 'Chemical') :: ['etomidate', 'Etomidate']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity4671 :: (MESH:D005045,Chemical) :: ['Etomidate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity356 occurs frequently in @entity1 with @entity344 associated with functional or @entity347 . AIMS: To evaluate whether: (i) the prevalence of delayed @entity356 is influenced by the presence of @entity347 ; (ii) demographic or clinical factors predict modestly or markedly ( @entity7623 ) delayed emptying. @entity1 : A total of 327 consecutive out- @entity1 with @entity344 . METHODS: Routine diagnostic work-up and evaluation of demographic factors, gastrointestinal symptom evaluation and scintigraphic @entity356 of solids were performed. RESULTS: @entity347 were detected in 227/327 (65%) @entity1 : 33% had delayed emptying and 20% @entity7623 . Female gender (OR: 2.1; 95% C.I.: 1.3-3.4). overweight (0.5; 0.3-0.9), relevant postprandial fullness (1.8; 1.1-3.2) and relevant epigastric bloating (1.8; 1.1-2.9), but not the presence of @entity347 , were associated with delayed emptying. Female gender (3.9; 1.3-11.9) and relevant postprandial fullness (4.1; 1.7-10.2) were associated with @entity7623 . CONCLUSIONS: (i) There is a high prevalence of delayed @entity356 and @entity7623 in out- @entity1 with @entity344 , which is not influenced by the presence of @entity347 ; (ii) female gender, low body weight, relevant fullness and bloating are associated with delayed emptying; female gender and relevant postprandial fullness predict @entity7623 .

title: Predictors of XXXX in out- @entity1 with secondary and idiopathic @entity344 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity7623 :: ('MESH:D018589', 'Disease') :: ['gastroparesis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric emptying', 'Delayed gastric emptying']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['Organic diseases', 'organic diseases', 'organic disease']

answer: @entity7623 :: (MESH:D018589,Disease) :: ['gastroparesis']


abstract: On the basis of sequence similarities to the @entity375 @entity62101 and @entity10133 gene, the @entity35 alternatively spliced mRNA has been suggested to be a Golgi secretory pathway @entity141 -ATPase ( @entity10133 ). Data in this report lend further support for this hypothesis in that @entity969 gradient fractionation of @entity35 liver microsomes resulted in @entity10133 comigrating with the Golgi @entity460 binding protein @entity70488 , which was well resolved from the endoplasmic reticulum marker @entity66104 . Also, in PC-12 cells, antibody to @entity10133 colocalized with an antibody to the Golgi marker @entity54727 . To study the biological effects of @entity10133 expression, we performed stable overexpression of @entity10133 in COS-7 cells. Seven clones were selected for further comparison with COS-7 cells containing an empty expression vector. Overexpression of @entity10133 resulted in a significant reduction of plasma membrane @entity141 -ATPase, sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum @entity141 -ATPase, and @entity66104 expression in these clones. In contrast, the expression of the Golgi @entity460 -binding protein @entity70488 increased significantly. The phosphoenzyme intermediate formed using membranes from clone G11/5 was @entity460 dependent, significantly more intense than in COS-7 cells, and not affected by @entity11329 treatment. @entity460 uptake by G11/5 microsomes was @entity855 dependent and significantly greater than in microsomes from parent COS-7 cells. The overexpression of @entity10133 significantly increased the growth rate of these cells compared with COS-7 cells containing only the empty vector. These data demonstrate that overexpression of the @entity35 @entity10133 results in significant changes in the expression of @entity460 transport and storage proteins in COS-7 cells.

title: Characterization of Cos-7 cells overexpressing the XXXX secretory pathway @entity141 -ATPase.

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We report herein a case of functional and aesthetic rehabilitation with maxillary prosthesis supported by only two zygomatic implants for a @entity1 with severe @entity3573 resulting from subtotal maxillectomy for @entity320 . A 76-year-old @entity1 was referred to our facility with @entity158 . After several examinations, a clinical diagnosis of @entity320 (cT3N1M0 stage IVA, American Joint Committee on @entity5 ) was made. @entity512 utilizing Le Fort I osteotomy and functional neck dissection were performed. A conventional resection denture was made and employed postoperatively, but was unable to be suitably retained due to insufficient residual maxillary structures. Six months after @entity5 resection, two zygomatic implants were inserted into bilateral zygomatic bones. Magnetic attachments were applied as a mechanism for attaching the implants and resection denture. After application of these implants, retention and stability of the prosthesis was considerably improved. The @entity1 became able to eat a normal diet. From an aesthetic perspective, the @entity308 was also properly restored, leading to an acceptable facial appearance.

title: Functional and aesthetic rehabilitation with maxillary prosthesis supported by two zygomatic implants for @entity3573 resulting from XXXX ablative surgery: a case report/technique article.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed upper lip']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['non-painful discoloration of the upper gingiva']

entities_list: @entity512 :: ('MESH:C567308', 'Disease') :: ['Subtotal maxillectomy']

entities_list: @entity3573 :: ('MESH:D008439', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary defect']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma of the upper gingiva']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Agricultural chemical inputs have been considered as a risk factor for the global declines in amphibian populations, yet the application of agricultural fungicides has increased dramatically in recent years. Currently little is known about the potential @entity137 of fungicides on the embryos of amphibians. We studied the effects of ten commonly used fungicides (four strobilurins, two SDHIs, two @entity5627 , @entity18389 and folpet) on @entity24799 embryos. Lethal and teratogenic effects were respectively examined after 48  h exposure. The median lethal concentrations (LC50s) and the median teratogenic concentrations (TC50s) were determined in line with actual exposure concentrations. These fungicides except two @entity5627 showed obvious lethal effects on embryos; however LC50s of four strobilurins were the lowest and in the range of 6.81-196.59   g/L. Strobilurins, SDHIs and @entity18389 induced severe @entity600 in embryos. Among the ten fungicides, the lowest TC50s were observed for four strobilurins in the range of 0.61-84.13   g/L. The teratogenicity shared similar dose-effect relationship and consistent phenotypes mainly including microcephaly, @entity4182 , somite segmentation and narrow fins. The findings indicate that the developmental @entity137 of currently-used fungicides involved with ecologic risks on amphibians. Especially strobilurins are highly toxic to amphibian embryos at  g/L level, which is close to environmentally relevant concentrations.

title: Strong lethality and teratogenicity of strobilurins on XXXX embryos: Basing on ten agricultural fungicides.

entities_list: @entity24799 :: ('8364', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus tropicalis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4182 :: ('MESH:D017496', 'Disease') :: ['hypopigmentation']

entities_list: @entity18389 :: ('MESH:C108339', 'Chemical') :: ['fludioxonil']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity5627 :: ('MESH:D014230', 'Chemical') :: ['triazoles']

answer: @entity24799 :: (8364,Species) :: ['Xenopus tropicalis']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity5 cells with high metastatic potential and stem cell-like characteristics express the cell surface marker @entity1759 . @entity1759 isoforms that include the v6 exon are co-receptors for the receptor @entity4149 kinases MET and  @entity319 . We studied CD44v6 signaling in several @entity788 cell lines, and its role in @entity5 growth and @entity3 in several models of @entity788 . METHODS: We analyzed the effects of v6 peptides that interfere with the  co-receptor functions of CD44v6 for MET and @entity319 in  @entity5 and @entity3 grown from cells that express different @entity1759  isoforms, including CD44v6. The peptides were injected into @entity35 with @entity5 and @entity19 with orthotopic or xenograft @entity5 . We also tested the effects of the peptides in @entity19 with xenograft @entity5 grown from @entity1 @entity5 samples and @entity19 that express an oncogenic form of RAS and develop spontaneous @entity788 ( @entity24197  @entity19 ). We measured levels of CD44v6 messenger RNA (mRNA) in @entity788 tissues from 136 @entity1 . RESULTS: Xenograft @entity5 grown from @entity1 @entity5 cells  injected with v6 peptides were smaller and formed fewer @entity3 in @entity19 . The v6 peptide was more efficient than the MET inhibitor @entity9816 and/or the @entity319 inhibitor @entity6219 in reducing xenograft @entity5 growth and @entity3 . Injection of @entity24197 @entity19 with the v6 peptide increased their survival time. Injection of @entity19 and @entity35 bearing @entity3 with the v6 peptide induced regression of @entity3 . Higher levels of CD44v6 mRNA in @entity1 @entity788 tissues were associated with increased expression of MET, @entity5 @entity3 , and shorter @entity1 survival times. CONCLUSIONS: Peptide inhibitors of CD44v6 isoforms block @entity5 growth and @entity3 in several independent models of @entity788 . The v6 peptides induced regression of @entity3 . Levels of CD44v6 mRNA are  increased, along with those of MET mRNA, in @entity1 with metastatic @entity788 , compared with nonmetastatic @entity5 ; the increased levels correlated with shorter @entity1 survival time.

title: Inhibition of Tumor Growth and XXXX in @entity788 Models by Interference With CD44v6 Signaling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic tumor', 'pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity6219 :: ('MESH:C516667', 'Chemical') :: ['pazopanib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['syngeneic tumors', 'tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity9816 :: ('MESH:C551994', 'Chemical') :: ['crizotinib']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Metastasis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate the combined effect of immediate intravesical chemotherapy and subsequent bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin (BCG) therapy. METHODS: The study population consisted of 207 intermediate- or high-risk @entity1 with non-muscle invasive @entity150 who underwent an induction course of BCG between 1993 and 2007. We introduced single immediate instillation of 50 mg @entity1259 for all cases in 2004, and thus earlier cases could be considered as historical controls. The primary endpoint was @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). For cumulative analysis, we systematically reviewed studies indexed in databases. Including ours, the records of 856 @entity1 from a total of 7 studies, including ours, were finally analyzed. RESULTS: In our cohort, the 5-year @entity1349 in @entity1 who received the combination therapy was 66.2%, compared to 55.2% in the BCG alone group (p = 0.149). Multivariate analysis on @entity5 recurrence showed that @entity1 with the combination therapy had a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.74 (p = 0.189). A subsequent literature review revealed that @entity1349 rates in the combination groups were higher than those in the corresponding BCG alone groups in 4/7 studies (p = 0.02-0.15), and lower in 1 study (p = 0.51). We identified 5 studies which examined a HR for combination therapy, and performed a cumulative analysis. Adding a single chemo-instillation prior to BCG resulted in a significant @entity5 recurrence (summary HR 0.69, p = 0.010). CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis suggested that the combination of single chemo-instillation with subsequent BCG therapy exhibited an additive effect against potential @entity5 recurrence.

title: The role of single instillation chemotherapy in XXXX who receive subsequent bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin: A retrospective single centre study, and systematic review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'recurrence-free survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']