abstract: OBJECTIVES: To identify the causes of @entity1062 besides vascular events secondary to testicular torsion. METHODS: A total of 102 @entity1 with @entity1062 were treated in our hospital from 1984 to 2011. Of these cases, 91 testicular nubbins were excised. Immunohistochemical analysis of testicular nubbins was carried out using anti- @entity3969 1 antibody, which is a stable marker of Sertoli cells. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was also carried out using @entity3969 1-specific primers. RESULTS: Most testicular nubbins were associated with inguinal lesion (51 @entity1 , 56.0%). Light microscopy showed that 11 @entity1 (12.5%) had seminiferous tubules (with germ cells in three @entity1 [3.4%]), and 77 @entity1 lacked seminiferous tubules, some of which had @entity730 (26 @entity1 , 29.5%), and/or deposition of hemosiderin (21 @entity1 , 23.9%). Immunohistochemical analysis showed @entity3969 1 expression not only in the Sertoli cells of the seminiferous tubules in the seminiferous tubule-positive @entity1 , but also in the interstitium of testicular nubbins in the seminiferous tubule-negative @entity1 . Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction showed @entity3969 1 messenger ribonucleic acid expression in the testicular nubbins of both seminiferous tubule-positive and tubule-negative @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The presence of @entity3969 1-positive cells in the interstitium of @entity1062 lacking seminiferous tubules suggests that the disturbance of testicular development after Sertoli cell differentiation and during testicular tubule formation might be involved in the etiology of @entity1062 .

title: Feasible etiology of XXXX regarding disturbance of testicular development: histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of testicular nubbins.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ['Wilms tumor']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['vanishing testis']

answer: @entity1062 :: (MESH:D013736,Disease) :: ['vanishing testis']


abstract: Step counting is an important index of motion One of the most diffused wearable systems, designed for this purpose, is the pedometer. The accuracy of commercial pedometers has been tested in literature. Several limits have been found in many commercial systems both in healthy subjects and in disable @entity1 . Furthermore, commercial pedometers lack in interoperability. A new wearable system for the step counting has been introduced in this paper. The wearable system is based on a wearable device with a force sensing resistor and a band; it is affixed at the @entity291 gastrocnemius level for the monitoring of the muscular expansion correlated to the gait. The proposed gastrocnemius expansion measurement unit (GEMU) was tested on a three subjects with the @entity191 at the Level 2 of the Tinetti test of unbalance who performed five repetition of 200 steps with three different instructions (fast, slow). The mean error was lower than 0.5%. Results also showed that GEMU performed better than an accelerometer unit (considered in literature the best solution for this disability). The study showed that GEMU had a high performance in a subject with a pathology (the @entity191 ) causing a high degree of unbalance confounding the motion style and thus pedometers. The next phase will be the optimization of GEMU for long term medical applications at @entity1 ' home with the special care to the material and with a comparison to a golden standard.

title: Design and construction of step counters for disable XXXX : preliminary experience at the Italian Institute of Health.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson' s disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Abnormal microcirculation has been suggested in hearts with pathological conditions, particularly in @entity1184 hearts, even in the presence of normal epicardial coronary arteries. However, the morphology of coronary capillaries has not been well investigated in those hearts. METHODS: Ultrastructural morphometry of the capillaries in 47 endomyocardial biopsy specimens taken from 30 @entity1 was performed. @entity1 : Six @entity1 had @entity1121 with @entity384 -like features ( @entity17058 -like HCM), six had HCM, six had @entity17058 , five had postmyocarditis, and seven were normal subjects. RESULTS: The short axial diameters of capillaries were similar among the groups. Abnormal stenosis of more than 90% luminal narrowing was found in 31% of capillaries of the @entity17058 -like HCM group, 16% of the HCM group, 13% of the @entity17058 group, 11% of the postmyocarditis group, and 2% of the normal subjects. Mean (SD) stenosis of the lumen was most severe in @entity17058 -like HCM (78(8)%), and more severe in HCM (67(9)%), @entity17058 (66(8)%), and postmyocarditis (68(4)%) than normal subjects (56(8)%). The mean cross sectional areas of capillaries were similar among the groups; however, the endothelial cellular area was significantly (p < 0.05) greater in @entity17058 -like HCM (24.2 (8.2) microns2) than in normal subjects (14.7 (1.8) microns2), indicating that capillary narrowing was due to the increased volume of capillary endothelial cells. The endothelial cells of the stenosed capillaries showed severely oedematous changes of the cytoplasm wholely or partially, but the cytoplasmic organelles and nuclei appeared intact. CONCLUSION: Narrowing of the coronary capillaries may be of pathophysiological significance in @entity854 in @entity1184 hearts, particularly in @entity1 with @entity17058 -like HCM.

title: Luminal narrowing of coronary capillaries in @entity1 XXXX hearts: an ultrastructural morphometrical study using endomyocardial biopsy specimens.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['microcirculatory abnormality']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: African trypanosomes constrain livestock and @entity1 health in Sub-Saharan Africa, and aggravate poverty and hunger of these otherwise largely livestock-keeping communities. To solve this, there is need to develop and use effective and cheap tsetse control methods. To this end, we aimed at determining the smallest proportion of a @entity291 herd that needs to be sprayed on the legs, bellies and ears (RAP) for effective @entity1 and Animal @entity7247 (HAT/AAT) control. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDING: @entity291 in 20 villages were ear-tagged and injected with two doses of @entity12695 (DA) forty days apart, and randomly allocated to one of five treatment regimens namely; no treatment, 25%, 50%, 75% monthly RAP and every 3 month Albendazole drench. @entity291 trypanosome re-infection rate was determined by molecular techniques. ArcMap V10.3 was used to map apparent tsetse density ( @entity4943 ) from trap catches. The effect of graded RAP on incidence risk ratios and trypanosome prevalence was determined using Poisson and logistic random effect models in R and STATA V12.1 respectively. Incidence was estimated at 9.8/100 years in RAP regimens, significantly lower compared to 25.7/100 years in the non-RAP regimens (incidence rate ratio: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.22-0.65; P<0.001). Likewise, trypanosome prevalence after one year of follow up was significantly lower in RAP animals than in non-RAP animals (4% vs 15%, OR: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.08-0.44; P<0.001). Contrary to our expectation, level of protection did not increase with increasing proportion of animals treated. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Reduction in RAP coverage did not significantly affect efficacy of treatment. This is envisaged to improve RAP adaptability to low income livestock keepers but needs further evaluation in different tsetse challenge, HAT/AAT transmission rates and management systems before adopting it for routine tsetse control programs.

title: Improvements on restricted insecticide application protocol for control of XXXX and animal @entity7247 in eastern Uganda.

entities_list: @entity12695 :: ('MESH:C003915', 'Chemical') :: ['diminazene diaceturate']

entities_list: @entity7247 :: ('MESH:D014353', 'Disease') :: ['African Trypanosomiasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5039 , also known as @entity5039 , is a disease of unknown etiology, characterized by an increase in the bone mass in different parts of the body, which results in @entity615 . METHODS: We report the case of a male 40-year-old @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity5039 in 2006 based on imaging studies. The clinical picture began with @entity158 of progressive intensity irradiating to the right pelvic limb and associated with morning @entity3570 . Lumbar spine surgery was performed in June 2005 (laminotomy and L4-L5 diskectomy, interbody spaces filled with bone, and a dynamic interspinous spacer in L4-L5), but there was little postoperative improvement. We instituted antiinflammatory medical treatment as described in the literature and the @entity1 did fine. DISCUSSION: This condition is reported as an infrequent entity leading to physicians not considering it within their initial differential diagnoses. It presents with @entity1282 as the main symptom, together with neck or @entity158 due to ligament @entity1184 and ossification, and increased bone mass leading to the formation of bone bridges. Lumbar or cervical @entity158 is a frequent cause for visiting the neurosurgeon. CONCLUSIONS: The purpose of this paper is to present an unusual case of @entity158 , which increases the diagnostic sensitivity of this disease, and may contribute to avoid unnecessary surgery. This was complemented with literature review.

title: [ XXXX : case report and literature review].

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['spine stiffness']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity5039 :: ('MESH:D004057', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis', 'Forestier syndrome']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['chronic cervical and back pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity5039 :: (MESH:D004057,Disease) :: ['Forestier syndrome']


abstract: Wet nappies at night could cause @entity1 at risk to die. Tyler first suspected this ten years ago when his head was jerked back from his @entity1 son's cot by the pungent odour of @entity3265 gas. This theory is consistent with the full epidemiology of @entity6884 . @entity3265 is an insidious poison which has a wide and varied range of effects on the respiratory and nervous systems according to concentration and length of exposure. At its mildest it irritates the tissues. In larger doses @entity3265 can cause @entity4 and @entity55 . It can also cause @entity850 of affected organs. Its chief danger lies in its potential to disrupt oxygenation at every level throughout the body. Acute and chronic @entity4968 profiles indicate the possibility that numbers of @entity1 reported as dying from gastro-intestinal or @entity1576 could have been @entity3265 @entity4968 victims. Predisposing factors, such as smoking during pregnancy, are shown to contribute to the vulnerability of the @entity1 to @entity3265 @entity4968 . The theory provides the framework for the development of an effective programme of @entity1 @entity204 prevention.

title: @entity6884 : the XXXX factor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity3265 :: ('MESH:D000641', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonia', 'Ammonia']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary oedema']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity3265 :: (MESH:D000641,Chemical) :: ['ammonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyse the effects of smoking reduction and smoking cessation on incidence of @entity583 after adjustment for established cardiovascular risk factors. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study with record linkage to mortality and hospital registers. The association of individual change in smoking with @entity583 was examined in Cox proportional hazard analyses with continuous heavy smokers (> or =5 cigarettes/day) as reference. SETTING: Pooled data from three population studies conducted in Copenhagen, Denmark. @entity1 : 10 956 @entity1 and 8467 @entity1 with complete information on smoking habits at two examinations five to ten years apart were followed up from the second examination for a first hospital admission or death from @entity583 . Mean duration of follow up was 13.8 years. MAIN RESULTS: A total of 643 @entity1 who were heavy smokers at baseline reduced their daily @entity286 consumption by at least 50% without quitting between first and second examination, and 1379 @entity1 stopped smoking. During follow up 1658 @entity1 and 521 @entity1 experienced a fatal or non-fatal @entity583 . After adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, @entity1 who stopped smoking had a decreased risk of @entity583 , hazard ratio 0.71 (95% confidence intervals 0.59 to 0.85). Smoking reduction was not associated with reduced risk of @entity583 , hazard ratio 1.15 (95% confidence intervals 0.94 to 1.40). These associations remained unchanged after controlling for baseline illness in different ways. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking cessation in healthy @entity1 reduces the risk of a subsequent @entity583 , whereas this study provides no evidence of benefit from reduction in the amount smoked.

title: Smoking reduction, smoking cessation, and incidence of fatal and non-fatal XXXX in Denmark 1976-1998: a pooled cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Recently, we reported that small renal arteries, defined by a low @entity23561 ( @entity23561 ) or @entity5562 ( @entity5562 ), are independently associated with a low GFR, resistant @entity101 , and onset of contrast-induced @entity8 and suggested a post-hoc analysis of CORAL trial based on @entity23561 categories. Here we hypothesized that @entity23561 and @entity5562 are markers of nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors and tested whether low @entity23561 and @entity5562 could impact the prognosis of @entity1 with @entity741 . METHODS: Prospective cohort study. We used proportional hazards models to analyze the first onset of @entity65 in relation with @entity23561 , @entity5562 , or percentage of @entity2791 ( @entity2791 ) in those with low-to-moderate @entity2791 (10-70%) (n = 181). RESULTS: During the median follow-up of 4.5 (range, 0.1-5) years, 27.8% @entity1 (n = 623; mean age, 64 years; 29% @entity1 ) experienced a cardiovascular event (35.4% in those with @entity2791 10-70%). The presence of low-to-moderate @entity2791 was associated with @entity65 . In these subjects, those with low @entity5562 were associated with a higher risk of @entity65 ( @entity5562 >4.2 mm, HR: 1; @entity5562 3.2-4.2 mm, HR: 1.66, 95% CI: 0.74-3.72, p = 0.22; @entity5562 <3.2 mm, HR: 3.72, 95% CI: 1.65-8.40, p = 0.002). When @entity5562 was added to a standard risk-factor model, risk prediction improvement was by 4.1%. RESULTS were qualitatively similar if @entity5562 was replaced by @entity23561 or percentage of @entity850 , but with smaller improvement of risk prediction and model fit. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity741 and low-to-moderate @entity2791 , @entity5562 is a significant predictor of @entity65 , improves risk prediction, and may represent a valuable biomarker of @entity65 risk.    2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Non-hemodynamically significant @entity2791 predicts XXXX in @entity1 with @entity741 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity23561 :: ('MESH:D053591', 'Disease') :: ['reference diameter', 'RD']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery stenosis', 'RAS']

entities_list: @entity5562 :: ('MESH:D015875', 'Disease') :: ['minimal luminal diameter', 'MD']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular events']


abstract: We report on two @entity1 with @entity795 ( @entity795 ), with emphasis on its pulmonary manifestations. The first @entity1 was a 6-year-old @entity1 diagnosed with @entity795 at 5 years of age. The @entity358 first observed at age 3 years and included streaky densities with accentuated vascular markings detected by chest radiography. The @entity1 had persistent abnormalities on follow-up chest radiographs. Chest computed tomography (CT) scans showed @entity384 . The second @entity1 was a 10-year-old @entity1 diagnosed with @entity795 at age 4 years. Chest radiography and CT scans showed patchy and streaky densities intermixed with small bullae, which were interpreted as @entity55 with post-inflammatory pneumatoceles. The @entity1 developed diffuse enlargement of air spaces of the lungs at age 10 years with severe respiratory compromise. Although pulmonary manifestations in @entity795 are uncommon, recognition of @entity358 and the presentation of enlarged air spaces in the lungs at an earlier age are important for accurate diagnosis. The plain radiograph findings of accentuated vascular markings seen in @entity1 with @entity795 may appear similar to interstitial or chronic @entity55 . This report emphasizes the features of lung involvement in @entity1 with @entity795 and suggests that specific attention be paid to pulmonary manifestations using chest CT scans.    2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

title: Pulmonary manifestations in @entity795 : pulmonary varicosities and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity795 :: ('MESH:D016715', 'Disease') :: ['PS', 'Proteus syndrome']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse pulmonary venous dilatations']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary abnormalities', 'pulmonary vein malformation']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['bullous lung disease']


abstract: L-type @entity460 channels can modulate neuronal transduction in the spinal cord. However, their role in noxious information processing in animals that are physiologically intact has not been elucidated. We evaluated the effects of L-type @entity460 channel blockers @entity3988 and @entity1855 on somatic and visceral nociception at the level of the spinal cord. Intrathecal catheters were inserted at the L4-5 level in @entity35 . The tail flick (TF) test and @entity14 ( @entity14 ) test were used to assess somatic and visceral antinociceptive effects, respectively. Motor function was assessed by posture and muscle tone in the limbs. TF latency and @entity14 threshold were measured before and for 180 min after the intrathecal administration of @entity1855 (50, 100, 300, and 500 microg), @entity3988 (100, 300, 500, and 1000 microg), or isotonic @entity2827 solution. The percent maximal possible effect (%MPE) was calculated by transforming response threshold in TF and @entity14 tests. Intrathecally administered @entity3988 or @entity1855 increased both TF latency and @entity14 threshold in a dose-dependent fashion. Isotonic @entity2827 solution, @entity3988 100 microg, and @entity1855 50 microg did not increase %MPE in either test. @entity3988 300 or 500 microg or @entity1855 300 or 500 microg significantly (P < 0.05) increased %MPE, with the peak effects 5 min after administration and short-duration antinociception. %MPE was 100% until 15 min after the administration of @entity3988 1000 microg, and significant antinociception continued until 180 min in the TF test. Motor paralysis was observed after the administration of the larger dose of each drug. We demonstrated that intrathecally administered L-type @entity460 channel blockers @entity3988 or @entity1855 produced both somatic and visceral antinociception and motor block dose-dependently. IMPLICATIONS: We examined the effects of intrathecally administered L-type @entity460 channel blockers @entity3988 and @entity1855 on somatic and visceral nociception in @entity35 . L-type @entity460 channel blockers produced antinociceptive effects, suggesting a possible clinical application to control @entity158 .

title: Antinociceptive effects of intrathecal L-type XXXX channel blockers on visceral and somatic stimuli in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem', 'Diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'colorectal distension']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: We have recently reported the potent @entity14645 effects of side-chain @entity17272 -bridged analogues of @entity1 calcitonin (hCT) (Kapurniotu, A.; et al. Eur. J. Biochem. 1999, 265, 606-618). To extend these studies, we have now synthesized a new series of ( @entity2574 (17), Lys(21)) and ( @entity2574 (17), Orn(21)) side-chain bridged salmon calcitonin (sCT) and hCT analogues. The affinities of these analogues for the @entity1 calcitonin receptor, hCTR(I1)(-), and for @entity35 -brain membrane receptors were assayed in competitive binding assays, and agonist potencies at the hCTR(I1)(-) receptors were assessed, using a @entity268 -responsive gene-reporter assay. The bridged sCT analogues had activities similar to sCT itself. In contrast, an ( @entity2574 (17), Orn(21)) side-chain bridged hCT analogue, cyclo(17-21)-[Nle(8), @entity815 (12), @entity2574 (17), Orn,(21) Tyr(22))-hCT, was 80 and 450 times more active than hCT in the hCTR(I1)(-) and @entity35 -brain receptor binding assays, respectively, and was 90 times more potent than hCT and 16 times more potent than sCT in initiating receptor signaling. An uncyclized, isosteric analogue of this peptide was also more potent than hCT, demonstrating that the cyclization constraint and these single-residue substitutions enhance the activities of hCT in an additive fashion. This study demonstrates that the potency-enhancing effects of @entity17272 -bridge constraints at hCT residues 17-21 are not transferable to sCT. We also show that, in comparison to the hCT analogues, sCT and its analogues are less potent agonists than expected from their hCTR(I1)(-) affinities. This suggests that it may be possible to preserve the efficient signal transduction of hCT while introducing additional receptor affinity-enhancing elements from sCT into our potent @entity17272 -bridged hCT analogue, thereby creating new super-potent, hCT-based agonists.

title: Side-chain @entity17272 -bridge conformational constraints differentiate the activities of salmon and XXXX calcitonins and reveal a new design concept for potent calcitonin analogues.

entities_list: @entity14645 :: ('MESH:C562689', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Identification of early molecular pathway changes may be useful as biomarkers for @entity5 response/resistance prediction, and here we provide direct in vivo proof of this concept. The type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor ( @entity7423 ) has been implicated in various aspects of @entity652 development and @entity3 . We show here that, in @entity19 intestinal @entity652 acutely exposed to a small molecular inhibitor of @entity12841 ( @entity4562 ), there is concurrent suppression of @entity12841 downstream signalling and induction of IGF signalling. We therefore tested the hypothesis that blockade of @entity12841 signalling was being tempered by compensatory activation of the IGF pathway by examining the effect of chronic suppression of @entity7423 using @entity70319 , a small molecular @entity669 kinase inhibitor of @entity7423 . METHODS: Male Apc(min/+) @entity19 with an @entity5 burden were exposed to a single dose of an inhibitor against @entity12841 ( @entity4562 ), @entity7423 ( @entity70319 ), 0.5% @entity9266 or combined @entity12841 / @entity7423 inhibitor and culled 4   h post dosing. @entity5 tissue was analysed to detect the early molecular pathways induced and anti- @entity5 phenotypic changes. Cohorts of male Apc(min/+) @entity19 (n=15-17) were subsequently treated with @entity4562 for a period of 8 weeks and subsequently exposed to single (either @entity4562 or @entity70319 ) or combined ( @entity4562 and @entity70319 ) therapy. We also included a vehicle-treated cohort, which was never exposed to @entity4562 and became symptomatic of the disease by day 150. RESULTS: Both single treatments delayed the onset of disease symptoms. Combined dosing with @entity4562 and @entity70319 similarly delayed the onset of symptoms, and at 200 days suppressed small intestinal tumourigenesis more effectively than either treatment alone (median small intestinal @entity652 volume (47   mm(3) (comb) vs 248   mm(3) ( @entity70319 ), P=0.0003 and 47   mm(3) (comb) vs 123   mm(3) ( @entity4562 ), P=0.0042, Mann-Whitney (two-sided) test). CONCLUSION: Our data provide evidence in support of the use of combinatorial therapy, and establishes the need to further define the precise benefit in vivo.

title: Dual inhibition of epidermal growth factor and insulin-like 1 growth factor receptors reduce intestinal @entity652 burden in the Apc(min/+) XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal tumour', 'Tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Platelet-rich plasma ( @entity16447 ) can provide an assortment of growth factors, but how @entity16447 effects bone regeneration is still unknown. The aim of the study was to explore an optimal method of using @entity16447 and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). METHODS: An in vitro experiment was first conducted to determine an appropriate quantity of @entity16447 . BMSCs were cultured with @entity16447 of different concentrations to assess cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Following the in vitro study, a @entity35 femoral @entity1347 model was used. Five collagen mixtures consisting of different concentrations of @entity16447 and BMSCs were prepared as follows, i) BMSCs and @entity16447 (platelet 20 x 10(4)/  l), ii) BMSCs and @entity16447 (platelet 100 x 10(4)/  l), iii) BMSCs and @entity16447 (platelet 500 x 10(4)/  l), iv) BMSCs, and v) @entity16447 group (platelet 100 x 10(4)/  l), were used to fill defect. New bone formation was evaluated by soft X- @entity16039 and histologic analyses were performed at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks postoperatively. RESULTS: The cell proliferation increased @entity16447 concentration-dependently. Cellular alkaline phosphatase activity was higher in moderate concentration than high or low concentration group's in vitro study. In vivo study, the bone fill percentage of newly formed bone in BMSCs and @entity16447 (platelet 100 x 10(4)/  l) was 46.9% at 8 weeks and increased significantly compared with other groups. CONCLUSION: BMSCs with moderate level of @entity16447 significantly enhanced bone formation in comparison with BMSCs or @entity16447 transplant in a @entity35 femoral defect model.

title: The Bone Regeneration Using Bone Marrow Stromal Cells with Moderate Concentration Platelet-Rich Plasma in Femoral Segmental Defect of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['segmental defect']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: Sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are responsible for the transmission of protozoan parasites that cause @entity232 . They are found predominantly in forests, but some species exploit environments that have been subject to deforestation and subsequent @entity1 colonization. Studies conducted in Brazil over the past 30 years show that some species are adapting to peri-urban and urban settings. We evaluated sand @entity238 diversity and abundance in the rural settlement of Rio Pardo, Presidente Figueiredo Municipality, Amazonas State, Brazil. Settlement households were divided into four categories. These categories were determined by the @entity1 population density and the degree of deforestation in the immediate area. We used CDC light traps to sample the area surrounding 24 households (6 households in each category). Samples were taken on six occasions during September-November 2009 and June-August 2010. A total of 3074 sand @entity238 specimens were collected, including 1163 females and 1911 males. These were classified into 13 genera and 52 species. The greatest abundance of sand flies and the greatest richness of species were observed in areas where @entity1 population density was highest. Our results show that changes in the @entity1 occupancy and vegetation management in rural settlements may affect the population dynamics and distribution of sand @entity238 species, thereby affecting the local transmission of @entity4536 .

title: Anthropic effects on sand XXXX (Diptera: Psychodidae) abundance and diversity in an Amazonian rural settlement, Brazil.

entities_list: @entity4536 :: ('MESH:D016773', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous leishmaniases']

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['leishmaniases']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['fly']


abstract: QUESTIIONS UNDER STUDY/PRINCIPLES: To assess the usefulness of several laboratory and radiological investigations for the limping @entity1 with suspected transient @entity603 of the hip. METHODS: The medical records of @entity1 admitted at our @entity1 's hospital for nontraumatic @entity158 between 1999 and 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. During the study period, all @entity1 without a definite diagnosis after routine investigations in the emergency department were admitted and a specific work-up including antinuclear antibodies titre, rheumatoid factor, antistreptolysin O titre, Lyme disease serology and hip ultrasonography were obtained. @entity1 were systematically re-evaluated 6 weeks after hospital discharge, with a clinical examination and radiological hip views. @entity1 were diagnosed with transient @entity603 of the hip if an ultrasound-confirmed hip effusion was present at time of admission, complete resolution of symptoms occurred without any specific treatment, and no other pathology of the hip was identified during follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 417 cases without definite diagnosis were admitted and were submitted to a specific work-up. Transient @entity603 of the hip was subsequently diagnosed in 383 @entity1 , @entity5414 in 1 @entity1 , and @entity625 in 1 @entity1 . Thirty-two @entity1 remained without diagnosis. No rheumatological condition was found. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that most investigations performed during the initial work-up in @entity1 suspected transient @entity603 of the hip are unnecessary and should routinely include only.

title: Transient XXXX of the hip: which investigations are truly useful?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5414 :: ('MESH:D001170', 'Disease') :: ['septic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

answer: @entity603 :: (MESH:D013585,Disease) :: ['synovitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ultrasound-guided percutaneous @entity1068 injection ( @entity8681 ) and percutaneous @entity1543 injection (PAI) are effective in the treatment of @entity157 ( @entity157 ). We conducted a prospective study to compare the therapeutic efficacy of both these methods. METHODS: Sixty-three @entity1 were treated by PAI using 50% @entity1543 and 62 by @entity8681 using pure @entity1068 . There were no significant baseline differences in age, sex, @entity1 -Pugh class, @entity5 size and number, or other clinico-biochemical parameters between the two groups. RESULTS: During a follow-up period of 24 +/- 9 (range 6-38) months, 19 (30%) of the PAI group and 21 (34%) of the @entity8681 group died (P = 0.704). The 1- and 3-year survival rates were 84% and 51% for the PAI group and 81% and 46% for the @entity8681 group (P = 0.651). The corresponding @entity5 recurrence rates were 51% and 74% for the PAI group, and 54% and 64% for the @entity8681 group (P = 0.787). The treatment sessions were 3.9 +/- 1.6 and 6.2 +/- 2.3 for the PAI and @entity8681 groups, respectively, in each treatment cycle (P = 0.008). A multivariate analysis using the Cox regression model revealed that ascites (relative risk (RR) 3.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5-6.3, P = 0.002), large (>3 cm) or multinodular HCCs (RR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1-5.4, P = 0.04), and development of @entity5 recurrence (RR 7.0, 95% CI 3.1-16.0, P < 0.001) were independent, poor prognostic factors in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: PAI and @entity8681 are equally effective in the treatment of @entity157 . PAI has the advantage of fewer treatment sessions in each treatment course. Careful pretreatment @entity1 selection may improve survival.

title: Comparison of percutaneous XXXX injection and percutaneous @entity1068 injection for @entity157 in cirrhotic @entity1 : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

answer: @entity1543 :: (MESH:D019342,Chemical) :: ['acetic acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Shoot regeneration in calli derived from immature @entity2247 embryos is regulated by light conditions during the callus-induction period. @entity2247 cultivars Kanto Nijo-5 (KN5) and K-3 (K3) showed lower efficiency of shoot regeneration in a 16-h photoperiod during callus-induction than those in continuous darkness, whereas shoot regeneration was enhanced in cultures under a 16-h photoperiod in Golden Promise (GP) and Lenins (LN). These cultivars were classified as photo-inhibition type (KN5 and K3) or photo-induction type (GP and LN) according to their response to light. Contents of endogenous plant hormones were determined in calli cultured under a 16-h photoperiod and continuous darkness. In photo-inhibition type, higher accumulation of @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ) was detected in calli cultured under a 16-h photoperiod, whereas calli showed lower levels of endogenous @entity2272 in continuous darkness. However, cultivars of photo-induction type showed lower levels of @entity2272 in calli cultured under both light conditions, similarly to photo-inhibition type in continuous darkness. Exogenous @entity2272 inhibited the callus growth and shoot regeneration independent of light conditions in all cultivars. In photo-inhibition type, lower levels of endogenous @entity2272 induced by @entity2272 biosynthesis inhibitor, @entity28253 , reduced the photo-inhibition of shoot regeneration. Expression of @entity2272 biosynthesis gene, @entity69379 , in calli was regulated by the light conditions. Higher expression was observed in calli cultured under a 16-h photoperiod. These results indicate that @entity2272 biosynthesis could be activated through the higher expression of @entity69379 in a 16-h photoperiod and that the higher accumulations of @entity2272 inhibit shoot regeneration in the photo-inhibition type cultivars.

title: Light Inhibition of Shoot Regeneration Is Regulated by Endogenous @entity2271 Level in Calli Derived from Immature XXXX Embryos.

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity28253 :: ('MESH:C013351', 'Chemical') :: ['fluridone']

answer: @entity2247 :: (4513,Species) :: ['Barley']


abstract: Several clinical trials have demonstrated that the three-drug combination of @entity901 , @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and @entity4181 (LV) administered chronomodulated improved antitumour efficacy in the treatment of metastatic @entity14 and was better tolerated than constant-rate infusion. However, only a few pharmacokinetic data of @entity1487 during chronomodulated infusion are available but up to now not for @entity901 . In this pilot study, the @entity902 levels of plasma ultrafiltrate (PUF) and total plasma were monitored during chronomodulated infusion of @entity901 , @entity1487 and LV in 7 @entity1 with metastatic @entity1820 . A cycle of the 4-day chemotherapeutic regimen consisted of 12-h infusions with sinusoidal drug delivery rate of: @entity901 (25 mg/m2/d, peak at 16:00 hours), @entity1487 and LV (750 mg/m2/d and 150 mg/m2/d, respectively, peak at 4:00 hours), the same scheme was reinitiated on day 15. Blood samples were collected on day 1 and day 4 during different cycles. Concentration-time profiles of ultrafilterable and total @entity902 in plasma during chronomodulated infusion were characterised. As expected, we found residual @entity902 levels in total plasma but not in PUF prior next cycle. Comparing day 1 with day 4, Cmax of @entity902 in PUF was significantly increased (84 +/- 13 ng/ml vs. 131 +/- 22 ng/ml, P = 0.012) as well as AUC0-24h of @entity902 in PUF (0.97 +/- 0.29 microg x h/ml vs. 1.90 +/- 0.44 microg x h/ml, P = 0.018). The same effect was observed for total plasma @entity902 suggesting an accumulation within the cycle. The observed interindividual variability of Cmax, tmax, AUC0-24h, t1/2 was moderate. Because of the small sample size in this pilot investigation, the findings need to be confirmed in larger pharmacokinetic studies. In a next step individual pharmacokinetic parameters should be associated with @entity1 specific parameters and treatment-induced @entity137 .

title: Pharmacokinetics of XXXX during chronomodulated infusion in metastatic @entity1820 @entity1 : a pilot investigation with preliminary results.

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity901 :: (MESH:C030110,Chemical) :: ['oxaliplatin']


abstract: A phenomenon of the prostate gland, which is also shared by hair follicles, is that it is little influenced by @entity251 (T) for androgenic stimulation, but instead by its metabolite @entity586 ( @entity587 ). By blocking the conversion of T to @entity587 , the circulating level of @entity587 is reduced by 80%, the size of the prostate gland is reduced by about 20% and the level of @entity1486 (PSA) by about 50%. Treatment of @entity1 with obstructive @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) with the drug @entity585 leads to a moderately improved urinary flow, symptomatic improvement and halts the natural progress of the disease. Since @entity587 potentiates the effect of @entity251 on erectile function, the side-effects are impotence in 3% of @entity1 , decreased ejaculatory volume, and gynaecomastia in 0.4% of @entity1 . The drug could be regarded as a safe way to treat moderately symptomatic @entity1067 . The efficacy of the drug is long-lasting (more than 7 years). It has also been tried in @entity263 , but is less effective. It reduces PSA levels by 50% and, in combination therapy, therefore, PSA levels remain low for longer when @entity585 is added. An important finding is the efficacy of @entity585 treatment in haematuria from @entity1067 . The drug interacts with vascular endothelium growth factor and efficiently prevents new @entity548 . It could be regarded as a first-line therapy for this type of haematuria. @entity585 can also be used to stop male baldness. It seems particularly effective in @entity1 aged 20-40 years; 85% of @entity1 stopped losing hair when given @entity585 . When the treatment was stopped hair loss continued, thus therapy may have to be "lifelong".

title: XXXX in the treatment of @entity1067 : an update. New indications for @entity585 therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['5alpha-dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity585 :: ('MESH:D018120', 'Chemical') :: ['Finasteride']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['BPH', 'benign prostatic hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity585 :: (MESH:D018120,Chemical) :: ['Finasteride']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To perform an analysis of oral baclofen dosage in @entity1 with traumatic @entity1566 over time and to ascertain the clinical determinants of long-term baclofen dosage trends. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study of @entity1 records from the PM_R units at the Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center and the Johns Hopkins Hospital. SUBJECTS: A total of 115 PM_R @entity1 suffering @entity1566 due to @entity130 leading to either complete or incomplete @entity912 . The modes of injury included were @entity64 ( @entity64 ) (n=39), gunshot wounds (GSW) (n=55), falls (n=17), diving (n=2), workplace (n=1) and swimming (n=1) accidents. The location of injury in the spinal cord was categorized into either cervical (n=52), thoracic (n=59), lumbar (n=2), or unspecified (n=2). RESULTS: From time of injury, an aggregate of all dosage assignments for each @entity1 demonstrated a significant yearly increase in baclofen dosage (1.26mg/year, p  <0.01). Baclofen dosage for @entity64 cases were seen to rise at 4.99mg/year (p  <0.0001). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that GSW @entity1 received their first baclofen dosage earlier than @entity64 @entity1 (log-rank p  <0.05, unadjusted). CONCLUSIONS: We observed a marginal increase in baclofen dosage over nearly 25 years in a single provider's @entity1 database and observed different timings of first dose between two causes of traumatic SCI. These results provide an estimate of baclofen dosage trends over time after @entity1566 and may be useful for @entity1 counseling or as a method to assess costs of providing SCI @entity1 care.

title: Baclofen dosage after traumatic XXXX : A multi-decade retrospective analysis.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['MVA', 'motor vehicle accidents']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries', 'spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The National Lung Screening Trial showed a reduction in overall and cancer-specific mortality for @entity1 screened with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) versus chest radiograph. Some question whether this can be achieved in community healthcare settings. Our aim was to analyze @entity2 screening outcomes and administered radiation dose using LDCT scans at a community hospital. @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 680 @entity1 who underwent LDCT between June 2014 and December 2015, and who met Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services @entity2 screening criteria: asymptomatic, aged 55 to 77 years, smoked within the last 15 years, and  >=  30 pack-year history. Effective and absorbed doses were calculated and correlated with gender and body mass index. RESULTS: Among the 133 @entity1 (19.6%) with a positive screening result (Lung Imaging Reporting and Data System score of 3 or 4), 18 @entity2 were identified in 16 @entity1 , 56.3% (9 of 16) of which were stage I @entity1149 . The false-positive rate was 82.8% (95% confidence interval, 73.6%-89.8%). Mean estimated effective dose using dose length product and size-specific dose estimate using water equivalent diameter were 1.2 @entity2073 and 3.7 mGy for @entity1 and 1.4 @entity2073 and 3.9 mGy for @entity1 , respectively. All dosing metrics were strongly correlated with body mass index (P  < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: Over half of screening @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1149 in our community had stage I disease, which we anticipate translating into significantly improved mortality. @entity1 radiation dose from LDCT scans is approximately one-fifth that from standard CT chest examinations.

title: Early Results of XXXX Screening and Radiation Dose Assessment by Low-dose CT at a Community Hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers', 'lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Lung Cancer']


abstract: We examined the effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor @entity4687 and the beta-blocker @entity1169 on dilator responses of cerebral arterioles in chronic @entity101 . Dilator responses to acute @entity551 were examined in untreated @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 (WKY) and @entity64 -prone spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHRSP) that were untreated or treated for 3 months with a low (0.3 mg. kg(-1). day(-1)) or a high (2 mg. kg(-1). day(-1)) dose of @entity4687 or a dose of @entity1169 (250 mg. kg(-1). day(-1)) alone or in combination with the low dose of @entity4687 . Pressure (servo-null) and diameter were measured in cerebral arterioles during acute reductions in arterial pressure both before and during maximal dilatation ( @entity1098 ). The high dose of @entity4687 or the combination of @entity1169 and @entity4687 normalized cerebral arteriolar pressure (52+/-2 [mean+/-SEM], 49+/-2 mm Hg versus 50+/-2 mm Hg in WKY and 96+/-3 mm Hg in untreated SHRSP; P<0.05). In contrast, the low dose of @entity4687 or @entity1169 alone did not normalize arteriolar pressure (74+/-2 mm Hg and 58+/-3 mm Hg). Both the low and high doses of @entity4687 improved autoregulatory dilatation, maximal dilatation, and dilator reserve of cerebral arterioles in SHRSP, with the low dose of @entity4687 being almost as effective as the high dose of @entity4687 . @entity1169 alone did not significantly improve dilator function of cerebral arterioles. Furthermore, dilator function of cerebral arterioles was not further improved by the addition of @entity1169 to the low dose of @entity4687 . These findings suggest that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, such as @entity4687 , may be more effective than @entity1169 in attenuating the impairment of cerebral autoregulatory vasodilatation, maximal dilatation, and dilator reserve during treatment of chronic @entity101 .

title: Effects of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a beta-blocker on cerebral arteriolar dilatation in XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity4687 :: ('MESH:D020913', 'Chemical') :: ['perindopril']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: BACKGROUND @entity892 is a common subjective complaint that can be the first manifestation of a serious pathology. Here, we report a rare case of midbrain @entity1188 involving the lateral subnucleus of the oculomotor nuclear complex presenting as @entity892 , with no other @entity64 manifestations. CASE REPORT An 83-year-old right-handed white @entity1 with past medical history of @entity6 , @entity101 , @entity2299 , and @entity453 presented to the emergency department (ED) with @entity892 and @entity426 . Two days prior to admission, the @entity1 woke up with constant horizontal @entity892 and @entity426 , which limited his daily activities and led to a fall at home. He denied any @entity425 , clumsiness, @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity3917 , @entity221 , or chills. Ocular exam showed a disconjugate gaze at rest, @entity425 of the left medial rectus muscle, impaired convergence test, and bilateral 3-mm reactive pupils. The @entity892 resolved by closing either eye. The remaining extraocular muscles and other cranial nerves were normal. There was no nystagmus, @entity1736 , or @entity227 . Sensation, muscle tone, and strength were normal in all extremities. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed a tiny focus of restricted diffusion in the left posterior lateral midbrain. CONCLUSIONS A thorough history and physical examination is essential to diagnose and manage @entity892 . @entity912 is usually thought to be caused by orbital lesions or @entity121 . Here, we report a case of midbrain @entity1188 manifested as isolated medial rectus palsy.

title: Isolated Medial Rectus Nuclear Palsy as a Rare Presentation of Midbrain XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field deficit']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscular diseases']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['Diplopia', 'diplopia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['photophobia']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['Isolated extraocular palsy']

entities_list: @entity426 :: ('MESH:D020233', 'Disease') :: ['unsteadiness']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['Infarction']


abstract: Non-obese @entity6 (NOD) @entity19 spontaneously develop @entity792 to the insulin producing beta cells leading to @entity1723 . In this study we developed and used new data analysis and mining approaches on combined proteome and transcriptome (molecular phenotype) data to define pathways affected by abnormalities in peripheral leukocytes of young NOD female @entity19 . Cells were collected before @entity19 show signs of @entity792 (age, 2-4 weeks). We extracted both protein and RNA from NOD and C57BL/6 control @entity19 to conduct both proteome analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and transcriptome analysis on Affymetrix expression arrays. We developed a new approach to analyze the two-dimensional gel proteome data that included two-way analysis of variance, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis. Lists of differentially expressed proteins and transcripts were subjected to pathway analysis using a commercial service. From the list of 24 proteins differentially expressed between strains we identified two highly significant and interconnected networks centered around oncogenes ( @entity18122 and @entity10674 ) and apoptosis-related genes ( @entity1379 and @entity185 ). The 273 genes with significant strain differences in RNA expression levels created six interconnected networks with a significant over-representation of genes related to @entity5 , cell cycle, and cell death. They contained many of the same genes found in the proteome networks (including @entity18122 and @entity10674 ). The combination of the eight, highly significant networks created one large network of 272 genes of which 82 had differential expression between strains either at the protein or the RNA level. We conclude that new proteome data analysis strategies and combined information from proteome and transcriptome can enhance the insights gained from either type of data alone. The overall systems biology of prediabetic NOD @entity19 points toward abnormalities in regulation of the opposing processes of cell renewal and cell death even before there are any clear signatures of immune system activation.

title: New data analysis and mining approaches identify unique proteome and transcriptome markers of susceptibility to autoimmune XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: We report a @entity1 with @entity12692 arising from the @entity1085 , which caused difficulty in making the differential diagnosis against @entity1085 . A 50-year-old @entity1 presented to our institution with @entity158 . An abdominal computed tomography scan (CT) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) study showed a 20-mm @entity5 located in the @entity1085 for which malignancy could not be completely ruled out. For the definitive diagnosis and treatment, cholecystectomy was performed. In the operation, the main @entity5 and resection margins of the cystic duct were submitted for frozen section. The @entity5 was composed of a proliferation of lymphoid tissue with no signs of @entity1141 . The ductal margin was free of @entity5 . The final histopathological diagnosis was @entity12692 , a hyaline vascular variant that developed in the gallbladder. The @entity1 is currently in @entity558 without any signs of recurrence 28  months after the operation. This is the first detailed report of @entity1085 . Making a correct diagnosis was very difficult before the operation, and only a surgical approach enabled confirmation of the diagnosis for this @entity1 .

title: XXXX arising from the @entity1085 causing difficulty in the differential diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ["Castleman's disease of the gallbladder", 'gallbladder malignancies', 'gallbladder neck']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['good condition']

entities_list: @entity12692 :: ('MESH:D005871', 'Disease') :: ["Castleman's disease", "unicentric Castleman's disease"]

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric pain']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity12692 :: (MESH:D005871,Disease) :: ['Castleman's disease']


abstract: Biliary and pancreatic juice has been implicated as a cause of regional inflammation or @entity189 after gastric surgery. We studied 38 @entity1 after gastrectomy using a modification of cholescintigraphy (185 mBq 99m-Tc-DESIDA i.v.). As soon as the tracer had reached the duodenum, a dynamic study (30 min, 120 frames) was started. Thereafter a static image of the epigastrium and thorax in the anterior view with more than 1000 cts/cm2 was recorded. This procedure was repeated after a meal. Of 29 @entity1 without complaints only 4 had a reflux into the jejunal loop. By contrast in 7 of 9 @entity1 with suggestive symptoms this examination demonstrated @entity9098 which reached the oesophagus in 6 cases. A stenosis of the distal oesophagus prevented @entity354 in one @entity1 . 2 @entity1 with @entity354 had a history of @entity850 and @entity354 confirmed by endoscopy. The remaining 2 @entity1 without demonstrable reflux had neither @entity354 nor radiologically verified reflux. Cholescintigraphy as modified by us may detect clinical relevant @entity9098 into the oesophagus. This is important for surgeons selecting @entity1 with potential benefit from a reoperation. Since most @entity1 with complaints after gastrectomy have had demonstrable @entity9098 , reflux-reducing surgical techniques should be used in all.

title: [Nuclear medicine demonstration of esophageal XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity9098 :: ('MESH:D001655', 'Disease') :: ['bile reflux']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal reflux', 'oesophagitis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal stenosis']

answer: @entity9098 :: (MESH:D001655,Disease) :: ['bile reflux']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There is little available information on the factors that influence relapses and dropouts during therapy for @entity11532 ( @entity11532 ). The aim of this study was to determine socio-demographic, clinical, personality, and psychopathological predictors of relapse and dropout in a sample of pathological gamblers seeking treatment. A total of 566 consecutive outpatients diagnosed with @entity11532 according to DSM-IV-TR criteria were included. All @entity1 underwent an individualized cognitive-behavioral treatment program. We analyzed predictors of relapse during 6months of treatment and during the subsequent 6months of follow-up, and predictors of dropout over the entire therapeutic program. Eighty @entity1 (14.1%) experienced at least one relapse during the entire follow-up of the study: 50 (8.8%) within the treatment period and 12 (2.1%) during the subsequent 6-month follow-up period. The main predictors of relapse were single marital status, spending less than 100 @entity7634 /week on gambling, active gambling behavior at treatment inclusion, and high scores on the TCI-R Harm Avoidance personality dimension. One hundred fifty-seven @entity1 (27.8%) missed 3 or more therapeutic sessions over the entire therapeutic program. The main predictors of dropout were single marital status, younger age, and high scores on the TCI-R Novelty Seeking personality dimension. The presence of these factors at inclusion should be taken into account by physicians dealing with @entity11532 @entity1 .

title: XXXX : understanding relapses and dropouts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11532 :: ('MESH:D005715', 'Disease') :: ['PG', 'pathological gambling']

answer: @entity11532 :: (MESH:D005715,Disease) :: ['Pathological gambling']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity7995 , @entity32 of the optic nerve, is experienced by most @entity1 with @entity15 ( @entity15 ) and is typically characterized by episodes of acute, monocular @entity1018 . These episodes of @entity32 can lead to damage or degeneration of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the axons of which comprise the optic nerve. @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ) is a well-established model of @entity15 in which @entity19 are immunized to produce a neuroautoimmunity that recapitulates the cardinal hallmarks of @entity1 disease, namely, @entity32 , @entity17 , and @entity75 , spinal cord, and optic nerve. Inflammation-associated oxidative stress plays a key role in promoting @entity602 in @entity6503 . However, the role of oxidative stress in @entity7995 and the associated @entity227 has not been studied. To address this gap in research, we sought to determine how a deficiency in the master antioxidant transcription factor (using @entity10182 [ @entity10182 ]-deficient @entity19 ) affects visual pathology in the @entity6503 model. METHODS: @entity6503 was induced in 8-week-old wild-type (WT) and @entity10182 knockout (KO) @entity19 by immunization against the @entity6504 ( @entity6504 ) peptide antigen. Motor deficits were monitored daily, as was visual acuity using the established functional optokinetic tracking (OKT) assay. @entity19 were euthanized 21 days post-immunization for histological analyses. The optic nerves were paraffin-embedded and stained with @entity1710 and @entity1711 (H_E) or immune cell type-specific antibodies to analyze inflammatory infiltrates. The retinas were flatmounted and stained with an RGC-specific antibody, and the RGCs were counted to assess @entity179 . T-helper (Th) cell-associated cytokines were measured in spleens with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Immune analyses of healthy, non- @entity6503 @entity19 were characterized with flow cytometry to assess the baseline immune cell profiles. RESULTS: Female @entity10182 KO @entity19 exhibited more severe @entity6503 -induced @entity51 compared with female WT @entity19 . In both genders, @entity227 , @entity32 of the optic nerve, and @entity528 in KO @entity19 compared with their strain- and age-matched WT counterparts. @entity227 were primarily present in (and only exacerbated in) one eye of each @entity19 . Excess inflammatory cells within the optic nerves of the KO @entity19 were primarily comprised of T-cells, and greater @entity528 in the KO @entity19 was most prevalent in the central retina compared with the peripheral retina. @entity10182 KO spleens exhibited an increased @entity630 - but not Th17-associated immune response. This enhanced pathology in the KO @entity19 was not due to global differences in immune system development between the two genotypes. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to report that genetic ablation of @entity10182 exacerbates @entity227 , @entity32 of the optic nerve, and @entity528 in a @entity19 model of @entity15 , suggesting that @entity10182 plays a neuro- and cytoprotective role in @entity6503 -associated @entity7995 .

title: Loss of XXXX exacerbates the @entity227 and @entity7995 elicited by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual deficits', 'EAE elicited more severe visual acuity deficits', 'Visual acuity deficits']

entities_list: @entity10182 :: ('18024(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Nrf2', 'nuclear factor-E2-related factor']

entities_list: @entity6504 :: ('17441(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein', 'MOG']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'Mice', 'mouse', 'murine']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration of the brain']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord damage']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis', 'Optic neuritis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficits']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity6503 :: ('MESH:D004681', 'Disease') :: ['Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis', 'EAE']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['RGC degeneration']

answer: @entity10182 :: (18024(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Nrf2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the clinical, psychometric, laboratory, and radiologic findings of 6 @entity1 with @entity12287 ( @entity12287 ) who presented with @entity73 rather than @entity64 . DESIGN AND METHODS: Case series. All @entity1 fulfilled were diagnosed as @entity12287 based on the co-occurrence of livedo racemosa and @entity16 . @entity1 presenting with clinical @entity64 were excluded. RESULTS: @entity1 presented with cognitive complaints at an early age and all noted @entity272 from 6 months to 10 years before onset of @entity73 . Associated systemic disorders included @entity101 and @entity410 . Laboratory evidence of a hypercoagulable @entity558 was identified in 4 of 6 cases. Brain MRI scans demonstrated @entity194 , especially in parieto-occipital regions and cerebral blood flow on brain SPECT scan was reduced in a similar distribution. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity12287 can develop @entity303 without antecedent clinical @entity64 . While the specific pathogenic mechanism of @entity303 in @entity12287 remains speculative, the disease predominantly injures brain tissue in vascular "watershed" territories.

title: XXXX : a cause of @entity73 in young adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['condition']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction', 'cognitive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic disease']

entities_list: @entity12287 :: ('MESH:D018860', 'Disease') :: ['SS', "Sneddon's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

answer: @entity12287 :: (MESH:D018860,Disease) :: ['Sneddon's syndrome']


abstract: Psoralen plus ultraviolet A irradiation (PUVA) has immunomodulatory effects and is used to treat a variety of immune-mediated @entity66 . We administered PUVA to 103 @entity1 for treatment of @entity479 -resistant @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) of the skin. Twenty-nine @entity1 had related donors (12 HLA-mismatched) and 74 had unrelated donors (23 HLA-mismatched). The median onset of @entity2132 was day 13 after transplantation, and the median onset of PUVA treatment was day 46. PUVA was administered as secondary therapy for 86 @entity1 and tertiary therapy or greater for 17 @entity1 . The median number of treatments was 16, and the mean cumulative exposure was 41 J/cm2. PUVA was generally well tolerated with 8 @entity1 discontinuing therapy because of @entity137 . At the start of PUVA treatment, 48 @entity1 had @entity1910 affecting >50% of their body surface area (BSA), and 91 had @entity1910 involving >25% BSA. Of 65 @entity1 who were evaluated after 6 weeks of PUVA treatment, 11 still had @entity1910 involving >50% BSA, 24 had @entity1910 involving >25% BSA, and 24 had no @entity1910 . The mean daily dose of @entity229 at the start of PUVA therapy was 1.6 mg/kg compared to 0.7 mg/kg after 6 weeks of therapy. Fifty-nine @entity1 (57%) did not require additional therapy for skin @entity2132 after starting PUVA. Ninety-two percent of @entity1 developed chronic @entity2132 . Fifty-three @entity1 (51%) remain alive at 129-1883 days after transplantation. These results suggest that PUVA can be an effective therapy for @entity479 -resistant acute @entity2132 of the skin.

title: Psoralen and ultraviolet A irradiation (PUVA) as therapy for @entity479 -resistant cutaneous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['dermatologic diseases']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'acute graft-versus-host disease']

answer: @entity2132 :: (MESH:D006086,Disease) :: ['acute graft-versus-host disease']


abstract: Diagnosis of allograft dysfunction relies on the assessment of @entity455 . This study was designed to evaluate the prognostic significance of common specific @entity455 in acute allograft rejection. Renal allograft biopsies (n = 111) with acute cellular rejection were scored for @entity23984 , mononuclear cell adherence to endothelial cells, endothelial activation, @entity39 , foam cells, and intimal @entity82 . These @entity455 and other classic histologic features were correlated with outcome. Rejection with @entity23984 (found in 54% of biopsies) was less responsive to @entity134 treatment than rejection without @entity23984 , as judged by recovery of @entity1011 in 3 wk (P = 0.03). Larger numbers of sampled arteries improved the predictive accuracy. Sticking of mononuclear cells to endothelial cells also correlated with @entity134 resistance (P < 0.05). Rejection with or without @entity23984 responded to OKT3/antithymocyte globulin treatment equally well (61% versus 65%, respectively). Rejection with fibrinoid arterial @entity39 (4% of biopsies) did not respond to either @entity230 or antibodies (0%). One-year @entity177 was 21% without @entity23984 , 28% with @entity23984 , and 100% with @entity39 . Activated endothelial cells and @entity548 were associated with @entity23984 and @entity177 (all P < 0.05). None of the other scored features had any statistically significant correlation with outcome. Thus, specific @entity455 ( @entity23984 , @entity39 , activated endothelial cells, mononuclear cell margination) and @entity548 , but not the extent of the interstitial infiltrate or @entity9538 , are correlated with response to antirejection therapy and/or 1-yr clinical outcome. Grading systems for therapeutic trials and clinical management should emphasize scoring of specific @entity455 .

title: The prognostic significance of specific XXXX in acute renal allograft rejection.

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity9538 :: ('MESH:D007673', 'Disease') :: ['tubulitis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions', 'arterial lesions']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'fibrinoid necrosis']

entities_list: @entity23984 :: ('MESH:D004692', 'Disease') :: ['endarteritis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['graft failure']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['arterial lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: *Equal @entity79 ( @entity79 ) is often advocated for diagnosing occult scaphoid @entity174 . @entity79 is a sensitive diagnostic modality, but lacks specificity, which may result in over-diagnosis. PURPOSE: To examine, in a pilot study, the potential additional value of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) combined with low dose computed tomography (CT) for the diagnosis of an @entity174 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ten @entity1 that underwent combined @entity79 and SPECT/CT for a clinically suspected @entity174 , where radiographs could not detect a @entity174 , were included in this pilot study. The @entity79 and SPECT/CT results were independently and separately evaluated by a nuclear physician for scaphoid @entity174 and other injuries. RESULTS: @entity79 was positive for a @entity174 in four @entity1 and diagnosed three other @entity174 . SPECT/CT showed five scaphoid @entity174 and one other @entity174 . SPECT/CT - @entity79 had discrepant results in three @entity1 . In two @entity1 @entity79 diagnosed a trapezoid @entity174 where SPECT/CT showed a @entity174 . The other @entity1 was diagnosed with a @entity174 on @entity79 , whereas SPECT/CT showed @entity79 of other carpal bones. CONCLUSION: SPECT/CT has the potential to be more accurate than @entity79 as it uses anatomical information of the CT to discriminate between the scaphoid, other carpal bones, and @entity79 . Larger studies with an independent reference standard are needed for confirmation of these preliminary data.

title: Initial experience of SPECT/CT in the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['contributors.Planar bone scintigraphy', 'PBS', 'bone bruise', 'bone bruises']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'occult scaphoid fracture', 'fracture', 'scaphoid fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['occult scaphoid fracture']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity299 ( @entity299 ) is hypothesized to be a physiological measure of sympathetic activity and is defined by the standard deviation (SD) of the heart rate (HR) in beats per minutes (BPM) over fixed time intervals. To investigate the relationship between low @entity299 (SD  <  0.5 BPM) during surgical procedures and mortality within 48  h post-procedure. We retrospectively reviewed all adult general surgical procedures performed at our center from January 1, 2003 through July 1, 2013 to identify @entity1 who died within 48  h post-procedure. Demographic, heart rate, and mortality data were extracted from the electronic anesthesia record. Propensity score analysis was used to find matching controls based on age, gender, ASA score, anesthesia type, Charlson index, procedure type, emergency status, year, use of preoperative beta blocker, @entity101 , @entity6 , @entity955 and @entity712 . @entity299 was calculated for each 5  min interval as the SD of all HR's within that interval. Negative binomial regression was then used to model the count of intervals with @entity299  <  0.5 BPM for the duration of the surgery. During the 10  year study period, 283 @entity1 died within 48  h of procedure finish. These @entity1 were matched to 566 @entity1 who did not die within 48  h after procedure. @entity1 who died had a 39  % increase in frequency of low @entity299 episodes compared to @entity1 who survived (RR 1.39, 95  % CI 1.13-1.72; p  =  0.003). Low @entity299 during surgical procedure is associated with increased mortality risk within 48  h after procedure. Strategies to identify @entity299 early and modify it may lead to improvement in outcomes.

title: Low intraoperative heart rate volatility is associated with early postoperative mortality in general surgical XXXX : a retrospective case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Heart rate volatility', 'HRVO']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The role of combination chemotherapy regimens in the management of @entity43 @entity1 with @entity5 resistant to @entity902 compounds has not yet been defined. This multicenter prospective phase II study evaluated the activity and @entity137 of the @entity1205 -plus- @entity2600 combination in @entity43 @entity1 whose @entity5 were resistant to @entity902 compounds and who had been exposed to @entity1311 . Treatment consisted of @entity1205 60 mg/m2 i.v. followed by @entity2600 200 mg/m2 i.v. both on day 1 followed by prophylactic recombinant @entity1 @entity1261 (rhG-CSF) support from days 2 to 6, every 3 weeks. Thirty-one @entity1 were enrolled in the study. The median age was 60 years, and the median performance status (ECOG) was 1. Eight (26%) @entity1 had @entity5 resistant to @entity902 , while the rest of the population had @entity5 recurrence within 6 months from the last @entity900 treatment. Four chemotherapy cycles per @entity1 were administered, with the delivered dose intensity at 75% of the planned dose for both agents. Among 30 @entity1 evaluable for response, there were 2 (7%) complete and 4 (14%) partial responses (overall response rate 20%; (95% confidence interval, CI, 11%-33%). Stable disease was recorded in 8 (28%) @entity1 and progressive disease in 15 (51%). The median response duration was 4.5 months (range, 3-12), the median time to progression 5 months (range, 2-17) and the median survival 11 months (range, 1-40); the 1-year survival was almost 50%. Myelotoxicity was moderate, with grade 3 and 4 @entity1398 occurring in 23% of the @entity1 , grade 3-4 @entity882 in 6% and @entity1398 in 13%. Grade 3 @entity294 was observed in 2% of the @entity1 . There was one treatment-related @entity204 due to sepsis. In conclusion, the combination of @entity1205 plus @entity2600 with rhG-CSF support, appears to be a moderately effective regimen with acceptable @entity137 for @entity902 -resistant, @entity1311 -pretreated @entity43 @entity1 . Further investigation in comparative studies is required to define the role of combination versus single agent chemotherapy in this group of @entity1 .

title: @entity1205 in combination with @entity2600 ( @entity2600 ) in @entity902 -resistant @entity1311 -pretreated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-colony stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: OBSERVE-5 was a 5-year Food and Drug Administration-mandated surveillance registry of @entity1 with @entity1569 . OBJECTIVE: We sought to assess long-term etanercept safety and effectiveness. METHODS: @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity1569 enrolled; a single baseline dose of etanercept was required. Key outcome measures included serious adverse events, serious infectious events, events of medical interest, @entity1569 -affected body surface area, physician global assessment score, and Dermatology Life Quality Index score. Safety outcomes were assessed relative to data from the MarketScan database. RESULTS: For 2510 @entity1 , 5-year cumulative incidence was 22.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 20.3%-24.2%) for serious adverse events; 6.5% (95% CI 5.4%-7.7%) for serious infectious events; 3.2% (95% CI 2.3%-4.1%) for @entity5 excluding @entity1489 ; 3.6% (95% CI 2.7%-4.5%) for @entity1489 ; 2.8% (95% CI 2.0%-3.6%) for @entity453 ; 0.7% (95% CI 0.3%-1.2%) for @entity1569 worsening; 0.2% (95% CI 0.0%-0.4%) for @entity6220 ; 0.1% (95% CI 0.0%-0.3%) for @entity706 and for @entity378 ; and 0.1% (95% CI 0.0%-0.2%) for @entity1292 and for lupus; 55 fatal events were reported. Rates of @entity5 , @entity706 , @entity1489 , and hospitalization-associated infections were not higher than expected relative to administrative claims data. The percentage of @entity1 rated as clear/almost clear was 12% at baseline, which increased to 51% at month 6 and remained relatively stable throughout 5 years. LIMITATIONS: No internal comparator group was included; rare events may not have been detected. CONCLUSION: No new safety signals were observed with long-term, real-world etanercept use.

title: OBSERVE-5: Observational postmarketing safety surveillance registry of etanercept for the treatment of XXXX final 5-year results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system demyelinating disorder']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas', 'lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['nonmelanoma skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infection']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Paradoxical kinesis has been observed in bradykinetic @entity1 with @entity191 . Paradoxical kinesis occurs in situations where an individual is strongly motivated or influenced by relevant external cues. Our aim was to induce paradoxical kinesis in the laboratory. We tested whether the motivation of avoiding a mild @entity1457 was sufficient to induce paradoxical kinesis in externally-triggered and self-initiated conditions in @entity1 with @entity191 tested on medication and in age-matched controls. METHODS: @entity1 completed a shock avoidance behavioural paradigm in which half of the trials could result in a mild @entity1457 if the @entity1 did not move fast enough. Half of the trials of each type were self-initiated and half were externally-triggered. The criterion for avoiding shock was a maximum movement time, adjusted according to each @entity1 's performance on previous trials using a staircase tracking procedure. RESULTS: On trials with threat of shock, both @entity1 with @entity191 and controls had faster movement times compared to no potential shock trials, in both self-initiated and externally-triggered conditions. The magnitude of improvement of movement time from no potential shock to potential shock trials was positively correlated with @entity148 ratings. CONCLUSIONS: When motivated to avoid mild @entity1457 , @entity1 with @entity191 , similar to healthy controls, showed significant speeding of movement execution. This was observed in both self-initiated and externally-triggered versions of the task. Nevertheless, in the ET condition the improvement of reaction times induced by motivation to avoid shocks was greater for the @entity1726 @entity1 than controls, highlighting the value of external cues for movement initiation in @entity1726 @entity1 . The magnitude of improvement from the no potential shock to the potential shock trials was associated with the threat-induced @entity148 . This demonstration of paradoxical kinesis in the laboratory under both self-initiated and externally-triggered conditions has implications for motivational and attentional enhancement of movement speed in @entity191 .

title: Motivational Modulation of Self-Initiated and Externally Triggered Movement Speed Induced by Threat of Shock: Experimental Evidence for Paradoxical Kinesis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participant', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['electric shock']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's Disease']


abstract: Sixty-two adults underwent marrow or blood stem cell transplantation from an HLA-matched related donor using high-dose thiotepa, @entity1863 , and @entity786 (TBC) as the preparative regimen for treatment of advanced @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) ( @entity417 with excess blasts with or without transformation) or @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) past first remission. All evaluable @entity1 engrafted and had complete donor chimerism. A grade 3-4 regimen-related @entity137 occurred in eight (13%) @entity1 , and a diagnosis of @entity2590 was the only independent risk factor for grade 3-4 regimen-related @entity137 (hazard ratio 9.25, P = 0.01). Day-100 treatment-related mortality (TRM) was 19%. Poor-prognosis cytogenetics increased the risk of day-100 TRM (hazard ratio 11.4, P = 0.003), and use of @entity1140 for graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis reduced the risk of day-100 TRM (hazard ratio 0.13, P = 0.027). For all @entity1 , the three-year relapse rate was 43% (95% CI, 28%-58%). Refractoriness to conventional induction chemotherapy prior to transplantation was an independent risk factor for relapse (hazard ratio 10.8, P = 0.02). Three-year survival was 26% (95% CI, 14%-37%); survival rates were 29% for those transplanted for @entity3052 in second remission, 31% transplanted for @entity3052 in relapse, and 17% with @entity2590 , and there were no independent risk factors for survival. TBC is an active preparative regimen for advanced @entity3052 . @entity1 with advanced @entity2590 appeared to have a higher risk of @entity137 and early mortality, and alternative preparative regimens should be considered for these @entity1 .

title: Thiotepa, @entity1863 , and XXXX as a preparative regimen for allogeneic transplantation for advanced @entity2590 and @entity3052 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['refractory anemia']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: Several @entity9852 derivatives have been shown to cause reproductive @entity137 . The biochemical mechanisms responsible for these effects are not fully understood at present. In this study, we investigated @entity273 -dependent oxidation of seven @entity11922 by purified @entity1 term placental peroxidase. @entity1038 was employed as the prototype @entity9852 drug. @entity1038 was easily oxidized to a cation radical (absorption maximum at 513 nm) when incubated under acidic conditions with @entity1 term placental peroxidase in the presence of @entity273 . The rate of the radical formation was 350 +/- 30 nmol/min/mg protein when 30 micrograms of the purified peroxidase was incubated with 10 mM @entity1038 and 1.0 mM @entity273 in @entity598 buffer pH 3.5. The reaction was linear with respect to time, exhibited @entity734 on the amount of enzyme, and the concentration of @entity1038 and @entity273 . Collectively, the results suggest an enzymatic nature of the reaction. Reduced @entity2041 , @entity9050 , and @entity2125 suppressed the rate of @entity1038 radical formation presumably by its reduction back to @entity1038 in a concentration-dependent manner. Concomitantly, @entity2125 was co-oxidized. The cation radical formation and @entity2125 oxidation declined significantly by @entity3983 and @entity4627 , the known peroxidase inhibitors. The enzyme also oxidized @entity2644 , @entity23515 , @entity6105 , @entity30584 , @entity1768 , and @entity21886 in the presence of @entity273 . The evidence gathered in this study suggests that peroxidative bioactivation of @entity11922 to their corresponding cation radical species by the @entity1 placental peroxidase may represent one of the biochemical mechanisms responsible for the reported developmental @entity137 of these chemicals.

title: Oxidation of XXXX by @entity1 term placental peroxidase in non-smokers.

entities_list: @entity30584 :: ('MESH:D014291', 'Chemical') :: ['trimeprazine']

entities_list: @entity23515 :: ('MESH:D014273', 'Chemical') :: ['triflupromazine']

entities_list: @entity11922 :: ('MESH:D010640', 'Chemical') :: ['phenothiazines']

entities_list: @entity21886 :: ('MESH:D010546', 'Chemical') :: ['perphenazine']

entities_list: @entity4627 :: ('MESH:D019810', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium azide']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity6105 :: ('MESH:D014268', 'Chemical') :: ['trifluoperazine']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity3983 :: ('MESH:D011190', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium cyanide']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity1768 :: ('MESH:D005476', 'Chemical') :: ['fluphenazine']

entities_list: @entity9852 :: ('MESH:C031637', 'Chemical') :: ['phenothiazine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity9050 :: ('CHEBI:38290', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbate']

entities_list: @entity1038 :: ('MESH:D011395', 'Chemical') :: ['Promazine', 'promazine']

answer: @entity11922 :: (MESH:D010640,Chemical) :: ['phenothiazines']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There has been no longitudinal study of drug susceptibility in @entity6368 in Taiwan since 2006. METHODS: We collected 1090 gonococcal isolates from Taipei City Hospital, Taiwan from April 2006 to August 2013. We used a disk diffusion assay to determine the susceptibility to five antibiotics and an E-test to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations for @entity6727 and @entity2756 in isolates with resistance. Neisseria gonorrhoeae-multi Antigen Sequence Typing and DNA sequencing of the por and tbpB genes were used to identify sequence types. RESULTS: Among the 1090 isolates, the resistances to @entity114 , @entity2177 , @entity26397 , @entity6727 , and @entity2756 were 61.01%, 83.39%, 9.63%, 6.70%, and 2.39%, respectively. The highest minimum inhibitory concentrations of @entity6727 and @entity2756 were 0.19  mg/L and 0.50  mg/L, respectively. There were 327 sequence types. The four most common sequence types in homosexuals were ST4378, ST359, ST4654, and ST547; the two most common sequence types in heterosexuals were ST421 and ST419. Each of these sequence types had more than 25 isolates. There were significant differences in the sequence types in @entity1 with different sexual orientations (p  <  0.001). CONCLUSION: Oral @entity6727 or @entity2756 injections were used as first-line drugs for the treatment of @entity2954 from 2006 to 2013 because @entity2954 isolates had low minimum inhibitory concentrations for these two drugs. The abrupt emergence of ST4378 (closely related to the notorious ST1407) since 2009 is a cause for alarm. Changes in sexual behavior, including an increase in sexual activity without the use of condoms, may have contributed to the peak in @entity2954 in 2010. Further molecular epidemiological investigations are required.

title: Changes in the six most common sequence types of XXXX , including ST4378, identified by surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in northern Taiwan from 2006 to 2013.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2954 :: ('MESH:D006069', 'Disease') :: ['gonorrhea']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity6368 :: ('485', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity26397 :: ('MESH:C053268', 'Chemical') :: ['cefpodoxime']

entities_list: @entity6727 :: ('MESH:D020682', 'Chemical') :: ['cefixime']

answer: @entity6368 :: (485,Species) :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the imaging and clinical characteristics of @entity3580 osseous @entity3 (COM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our study was IRB approved and HIPAA compliant. A retrospective search of our pathology database for pathology-proven COM yielded 15 @entity1 who had undergone MRI, CT, bone scan, and/or FDG-PET/CT. The imaging and clinical features of the COMs were recorded. A control group of age and gender matched @entity3580 @entity1 without osseous @entity3 was evaluated. RESULTS: The COM mean maximal dimension was 6.4        4.0  cm. The majority (60%) of @entity1 had one lesion. Extra-osseous soft tissue component was present in 85% and was larger than intra-osseous component in 76%. On MRI the lesions were heterogeneous but predominantly T2 hyperintense with hypointense septae, and with variable enhancement. On CT the lesions were typically destructive or permeative; calcifications were rare. The extent of the soft tissue component was isodense to muscle on CT and therefore better evaluated on MRI. COM was in a body part contiguous to the site of the @entity5 . Compared to the controls, COM @entity1 were more likely to have local recurrence (P   =   0.0009) and positive resection margins (P   =   0.002). At 1  year, 33% of COM @entity1 were deceased and 13% had progressive @entity3 . CONCLUSION: COM are associated with large extra-osseous soft tissue components, which are better visualized by MRI. They are often located in a body part contiguous to the site of the @entity5 , portend poor prognosis, and are associated with positive resection margins and local recurrence.

title: Osseous @entity3 of XXXX : imaging and clinical findings.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity3580 :: (MESH:D002817,Disease) :: ['chordoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We aimed to evaluate serum levels of @entity4483 ( @entity4483 ) and @entity3508 ( @entity3508 ) in @entity1 with @entity301 ( @entity301 ) after off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. METHODS: The PubMed (~2013) and the Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM) (1982   ~   2013) were searched without language restrictions. After extraction of relevant data from selected studies, meta-analyses were conducted using STATA software (Version 12.0, Stata Corporation, College Station, Texas USA). Possible sources of heterogeneity were examined through univariate and multivariate meta-regression analyses and verified by Monte Carlo Simulation. RESULTS: Eleven studies with a total of 411 @entity301 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. Our meta-analysis showed no significant difference in serum @entity4483 and @entity3508 levels between the on-pump group and the off-pump group before surgery. In the on-pump group, there was a significant difference in serum @entity4483 levels of @entity301 @entity1 between before and after surgery, especially within the first 24  h after surgery. Furthermore, in the on-pump group, there was a significant difference in serum @entity3508 levels of @entity301 @entity1 between before and after surgery, particularly at 0  h after surgery. In the off-pump group, there was an obvious difference in serum @entity4483 levels between before and after surgery, especially within 24  h after surgery. Our results also demonstrated that serum @entity4483 and @entity3508 levels of @entity301 @entity1 in the on-pump group were significantly higher than those of @entity1 in the off-pump group, especially within 24  h after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide empirical evidence that off-pump and on-pump CABG surgeries may increase serum @entity4483 and @entity3508 levels in @entity301 @entity1 , which was most prominent within 24  h after on-pump CABG surgery.

title: Serum @entity4483 and XXXX levels after off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['NSE', 'neuron specific enolase']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity3508 :: (2026,Gene) :: ['NSE']