abstract: UNASSIGNED: The purpose of the current study was to assess the frequency and distribution of the 9-Item @entity1 Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) among individuals with @entity164 2 @entity6 with and without @entity308 . The current case-control study used electronic medical record data from two primary care institutions. The sample was divided into cases with coexisting @entity308 and @entity164 2 @entity6 and controls without @entity308 . Data included demographics, biomarkers, number of services delivered, and clinic visits in 2013. Similar PHQ-9 use was seen between unique primary care practices. However, less than one third of @entity1 at either site received @entity308 screening with the PHQ-9 in 2013. Male and older adult @entity1 were less likely to receive assessment. Guideline ambiguity and lack of accountability in primary care practice has made the use of @entity308 metrics arbitrary in diabetic populations at risk for @entity308 . To assure adequate care provision, it is imperative that proven tools for assessing @entity308 symptoms are used. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 54(1), 56-63.].

title: Use of the 9-Item @entity1 Health Questionnaire for Depression Assessment in Primary Care XXXX With Type 2 Diabetes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: AIMS: The authors present the results of a cohort study of 60 adult @entity1 presenting sequentially over a period of 15 years from 1997 to 2012 to our hospital for treatment of @entity174 , but without @entity51 . METHOD: All @entity1 were treated by early mobilisation within the limits of @entity158 , early bracing for @entity1 confidence and all progress in mobilisation was recorded on video. Initial hospital stay was one week. Subsequent reviews were made on an outpatient basis. RESULTS: The mean duration from admission to final follow-up was three months, and longer follow-up was undertaken telephonically. The mean @entity85 on arrival was 17.4   (5   to 29  ); mean @entity1513 at final discharge three months later was 19.5   (1   to 28  ). Spinal canal encroachment had no influence on successful functional recovery. DISCUSSION: @entity158 has not been a significant problem for any @entity1 , irrespective of the degree of @entity1513 and no @entity1 has a self-perception of clinical deformity. In all, 11 @entity1 took occasional analgesia. All @entity1 returned to their original work level or better. Two @entity1 died 2.5 years after treatment, from unrelated causes. TAKE HOME MESSAGE: The natural history of thoracolumbar @entity174 without @entity16 would appear to be benign. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:97-101.

title: Early mobilisation of thoracolumbar XXXX without @entity16 : a natural history observation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic and/or lumbar vertebral burst fractures', 'burst fractures']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurology']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['kyphosis deformity']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['burst fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of @entity419 -positron emission tomography ( @entity419 -PET) for monitoring the therapeutic efficacy of @entity69259 , an inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, in nude @entity35 bearing A549 ( @entity1 @entity2 ) xenografts. METHODS: @entity69259 was administered orally by gavage to nude xenograft @entity35 for 2  weeks, at dosage levels of 0 (0.5  % w/v @entity7522 solution), 1, 3, and 10  mg/kg/day (n  =  8/dose). @entity5 size was measured before treatment (day 0), and on days 1, 3, 7, 9, 11, and 14. PET scans were performed pretreatment (day 0), and on days 2, 4, 7, 10, and 14. Tracer accumulations in @entity5 tissue were quantified as the mean standard uptake value (SUVmean). RESULTS: No deaths or treatment-related body weight losses occurred during the study period. @entity69259 showed dose-dependent inhibition of @entity5 growth and @entity419 uptake in @entity5 tissue. At a dosage of 10  mg/kg, @entity69259 treatment produced a statistically significant reduction in @entity5 weight from day 11 compared with the vehicle group (P  <  0.05). @entity5 growth was inhibited in the 10  mg/kg group with a treated/control value of 31  % on day 14. The SUVmean on day 2 in this dosage group was statistically lower than that observed on day 0, and that seen in the vehicle group on day 2 (P  <  0.05 for both comparisons). Furthermore, this reduction in SUVmean at 10 mg/kg was maintained over time. In the two lower dosage groups (1 and 3  mg/kg), SUVmean gradually increased over time. CONCLUSIONS: @entity419 -PET enabled early determination of late anti- @entity5 activity in response to @entity69259 treatment.

title: Evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of a MEK inhibitor ( @entity69259 ) using @entity419 -positron emission tomography in the XXXX lung xenograft model A549.

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose', '(18)F-FDG']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7522 :: ('MESH:D008747', 'Chemical') :: ['methylcellulose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recent advances demonstrate a critical yet poorly understood role for the pancreatic stellate cell (PSC) in the pathogenesis of @entity1689 ( @entity1689 ) and @entity788 ( @entity788 ). Progress in this area has been hampered by the availability, fidelity, and/or reliability of in vitro models of PSCs. We examined whether outgrowth cultures from @entity1 surgical specimens exhibited reproducible phenotypic and functional characteristics of PSCs. PSCs were cultured from surgical specimens of healthy pancreas, @entity1689 and @entity788 . Growth dynamics, phenotypic characteristics, soluble mediator secretion profiles and co-culture with @entity788 cells both in vitro and in vivo were assessed. Forty-seven primary cultures were established from 52 attempts, demonstrating universal a-smooth muscle actin and glial fibrillary acidic protein but negligible epithelial surface antigen expression. Modification of culture conditions consistently led to cytoplasmic lipid accumulation, suggesting induction of a quiescent phenotype. Secretion of growth factors, chemokines and cytokines did not significantly differ between donor pathologies, but did evolve over time in culture. Co-culture of PSCs with established @entity788 cell lines resulted in significant changes in levels of multiple secreted mediators. Primary PSCs co-inoculated with @entity788 cells in a xenograft model led to augmented @entity5 growth and @entity3 . Therefore, regardless of donor pathology, outgrowth cultures produce PSCs that demonstrate consistent growth and protein secretion properties. Primary cultures from pancreatic surgical specimens, including @entity5 , may represent a reliable source of @entity1 PSCs.

title: Primary outgrowth cultures are a reliable source of XXXX pancreatic stellate cells.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'PC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity344 ( @entity344 ) in neonates presents important challenges and mortality can be high. This is a report of recent experience with @entity344 in neonates in a developing country. @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective review of 16 neonates treated for @entity344 in a 3 year period. RESULTS: There were 9 males and 7 females, aged 0-28 days (median age =7days). Their weights at presentation ranged from 0.9 - 4.7kg (median =2.6). Five @entity1 were premature. Twelve @entity1 presented more than 72 hours after onset of symptoms. Plain abdominal radiographs showed peumoperitoneum in 9 @entity1 . The cause of perforation was @entity4685 enterocolitis 6, intestinal obstruction 6, iatrogenic 3 and spontaneous 1. The site of perforation was ileum in 12 @entity1 , stomach in 4 and colon in 4; 4 @entity1 had involvement of more than one site. All the neonates underwent exploratory laparotomy with primary closure ( n=5) , resection and @entity254 ( n=6), colostomy (n=3), Ileostomy ( n=2), partial gastrectomy (n=2) ,or gastrojejunostomy ( n=1). Two neonates had multiple procedures. Two very sick preterm babies had an initial peritoneal lavage. @entity281 is the commonest postoperative complication occurring in 9 @entity1 . Anaesthesia sepsis and @entity3147 is responsible for the seven @entity204 recorded. CONCLUSIONS: Neonatal @entity344 has multiple aetiologies; NEC is the most common cause. Major mortality risk factors include NEC, multiple perforations, delayed presentation and prematurity.

title: XXXX in neonates: aetiology and risk factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal perforation', 'GIP']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical site infection']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity4685 :: ('MESH:D009187', 'Disease') :: ['necrotising']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['Gastrointestinal perforation']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine adolescents' responses to a medical examination, which included the use of video colposcopy, conducted during an investigation of possible @entity1 @entity458 . METHODS: @entity1 aged 11 to 18 years, referred for evaluation and treatment of @entity458 at an academic medical center were eligible to participate. Demographic data and information regarding the alleged @entity458 event(s) were obtained by medical record review. Prior to the medi- cal examination subjects were assessed regarding: anticipations of the medical examination; level of state @entity148 using the State-Trait @entity148 Inventory (STAI); response to stressful situations along the dimensions of information-seeking or information-avoiding using the Miller Behavioral Style Scale (MBSS); and knowledge of reproduction and genital anatomy. Subsequently, a medical examination, which included the use of video colposcopy with a monitor for subject viewing, was completed. The examining physician provided a standardized educational intervention regarding genital anatomy and a discussion about abuse issues and @entity2953 . An exit interview assessed perceptions of the medical examination and video colposcopy and reassessed @entity148 using the state portion of the STAI. Follow-up interviews occurred 3 months later during which knowledge of reproduction and genital anatomy was reassessed. Measures were evaluated using paired Student's t-tests, McNemar tests for correlated proportions, correlations and independent Student's t-tests, as appropriate. RESULTS: Seventy-seven eligible @entity1 participated; 51 returned for follow-up. The mean age of the subjects was 13.5 years (SD 1.4 years). Fifty-one percent of the sample was Caucasian, 29% African-American, 18% Hispanic, and 2% other. Seventy-nine percent of the @entity1 chose to watch the examination on the video monitor. The @entity1 ' post-examination perceptions were significantly more positive than their pre-examination anticipations (p <.001), even though some aspects continued to be embarrassing, @entity158 , or "scary". @entity148 , as measured by the STAI, significantly decreased from pre- to post-examination (p <.001). Pre-examination and post-examination @entity148 were negatively associated with pre-examination anticipation and post-examination perceptions, respectively. Information-avoiding coping styles on the MBSS were associated with positive anticipations of the examination, but exhibited a trend toward negative associations with perceptions of video colposcopy. Scores assessing knowledge of the reproductive functions of their bodies at 3 months revealed no significant differences during the period from pre-examination assessment to three month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS; Teens generally reported that the medical examination, which included the use of video colposcopy, was beneficial. There was a significant reduction in @entity148 from pre-examination to post-examination and the @entity1 ' feelings about the medical examination were significantly more positive afterwards.

title: Adolescents' responses to XXXX evaluation including the use of video colposcopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girls', 'child', 'Girls']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['sexually transmitted infections']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual abuse']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['sexual abuse']


abstract: PURPOSE: We conducted a randomised phase II study to assess the safety and efficacy of standard versus high-dose pemetrexed in @entity902 -resistant @entity43 (PR-EOC). The expression of ten genes was also examined as potential biomarkers of pemetrexed/ @entity902 activity. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 received pemetrexed 500mg/m(2) (Pem500) or 900mg/m(2) ( @entity27475 900) on day 1 of each 21-d cycle. Responses were defined per RECIST for measurable disease or by Gynaecologic Cancer Intergroup (GCIG) CA-125 criteria for non-measurable disease. RESULTS: Of 102 @entity1 randomised, 98 were evaluable for @entity137 (47 Pem500, 51 Pem900) and 91 were evaluable for efficacy (43 Pem500, 48 Pem900) of whom 68 had measurable disease and 23 had @entity66 . The overall RR was 9.3% (95% CI: 2.6-22.1%) on Pem500 and 10.4% (95% CI: 3.5-22.7%) on Pem900. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 2.8 months on both arms, and the median survival was 11.9 and 10.3 months, respectively. Lower mRNA expression of @entity11833 ( @entity11833 ) and reduced folate carrier 1 (RFC1) were associated with longer PFS and time to treatment failure, respectively. Grade 3/4 @entity137 , including fatigue, @entity390 and @entity391 , were numerically greater on Pem900. Pemetrexed-related SAEs occurred in 17% and 28% of Pem500 and Pem900 @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Pemetrexed has activity in PR-EOC equivalent to other agents in @entity902 -resistant disease; however, Pem500 has the preferable @entity137 profile. @entity11833 and RFC1 may merit examination as predictive biomarkers in PR-EOC.

title: A randomised, double-blind, phase II study of two doses of pemetrexed in the treatment of XXXX -resistant, epithelial ovarian or primary peritoneal cancer.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity11833 :: ('2067', 'Gene') :: ['ERCC1', 'excision repair cross-complementation group 1']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['CA-125-defined disease']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['platinum']


abstract: Proton spin-lattice and spin-spin relaxation times have been measured in surgically-removed normal CNS tissues and a variety of @entity5 of the brain. All measurements were made at 20 MHz and 37 degrees C. Between grey and white matter from autopsy @entity1 or @entity235 specimens significant differences in T1 or T2 were observed, with greater differences seen in T1. Such discrimination was reduced in samples obtained from live @entity1313 @entity1 due to lengthening in T1 and T2 of white matter near tumorous lesions. @entity4 white matter showed T1 and T2 values higher than those of @entity62 . Compared to normal CNS tissues, most @entity1313 examined in this study demonstrated elevated T1 and T2 values. Exceptions, however, did exist. No definitive correlation was indicated on a T1 or T2 basis which allowed a distinction to be made between benign and malignant states. Furthermore, considerable variation in relaxation times occurred from @entity5 to @entity5 of the same type, suggesting that within a @entity5 type there are important differences in physiology, biology, and/or pathologic state. Such variation caused partial overlap in relaxation times among certain @entity5 types and hence may limit the capability of magnetic resonance imaging (MR) alone for the diagnosis of specific disease. Nonetheless, this study predicts that on the basis of T1 or T2 differences most @entity1313 are readily detectable by MR via saturation recovery or inversion recovery with appropriate selections of pulse-spacing parameters. In general, @entity5 can be discriminated against white matter better than grey matter and contrast between @entity11 and grey matter is usually superior to that between @entity1653 and grey matter. This work did not consider tissue-associated proton density which should be addressed together with T1 and T2 for a complete treatment of MR contrast.

title: Magnetic resonance of XXXX : considerations of imaging contrast on the basis of relaxation measurements.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain-tumor', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['Edematous']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['autopsy disease-free white matter']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) is a @entity1501 antagonist used in high doses as an anti- @entity5 treatment and in low doses for the treatment of some @entity792 . @entity1500 use has been linked to oxidative imbalance, which may cause @entity137 that can be attenuated by antioxidant supplementation. Despite the oxidative effect of @entity1500 , the influence of antioxidant gene polymorphisms on @entity1500 @entity137 is not well studied. Therefore, we analyzed here whether a genetic imbalance of the @entity921 -dependent @entity224 dismutase ( @entity4723 ) gene could have some impact on the @entity1500 cytotoxic response. An in vitro study using @entity1 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from carriers with different @entity15789 - @entity4723 genotypes (AA, VV and AV) was carried out, and the effect on cell viability and proliferation was analyzed, as well as the effect on oxidative, inflammatory and apoptotic markers. AA-PBMCs that present higher @entity4723 efficiencies were more resistance to high @entity1500 doses (10 and 100   M) than were the VV and AV genotypes. Both lipoperoxidation and ROS levels increased significantly in PBMCs exposed to @entity1500 independent of @entity15789 - @entity4723 genotypes, whereas @entity101 was observed only in PBMCs from V allele carriers. The AA-PBMCs exposed to @entity1500 showed decreasing @entity4723 activity, but a concomitant up regulation of the @entity4723 gene was observed. A significant increase in @entity2041 peroxidase (GPX) levels was observed in all PBMCs exposed to @entity1500 . However, this effect was more intense in AA-PBMCs. @entity61320 levels were increased in cells exposed to @entity1500 , but the modulation of these genes, as well as that of the @entity589 and @entity588 genes involved in the apoptosis pathway, presented a modulation that was dependent on the @entity4723 genotype. @entity1500 at a concentration of 10   M also increased inflammatory cytokines ( @entity1356 , @entity650 , @entity310 and Igy) and decreased the level of @entity688 anti-inflammatory cytokine, independent of @entity4723 genetic background. The results suggest that potential pharmacogenetic effect on the cytotoxic response to @entity1500 due differential redox status of cells carriers different @entity4723 genotypes.

title: @entity1499 -Related Response on XXXX Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells May Be Modulated by the @entity15789 - @entity4723 Gene Polymorphism.

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity15789 :: ('p|SUB|A|16|V', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Ala16Val']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'multi-organ toxicities']

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased protein carbonylation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: The effects on the fetus and placenta of graded reductions of uterine blood flow to 30-90% of control have been studied in @entity742 at days 125-143 of pregnancy. Reduction of uterine flow to 70-90% of control had little effect upon fetal oxygenation or heart rate or blood pressure but elevated fetal plasma @entity2922 concentration. Reduction of flow to 30-50% of control depressed fetal arterial and umbilical venous @entity4095 but had little effect upon @entity26 consumption unless the umbilical venous value fell below about 14 mmHg when it was depressed by up to 30%. Placental @entity26 consumption did not fall and was therefore maintained at the expense of the fetus. Fetal arterial pressure rose by 10-12 mmHg and heart rate fell by about 30 beats/min during the first 10-15 min then rose above its initial value. Plasma @entity1425 and @entity1063 concentrations rose progressively at a rate which increased with greater degrees of @entity1763 . When uterine blood flow was reduced below one-half of normal, net placental consumption of @entity413 fell and there was evidence of substantial provision of @entity413 and @entity880 from the fetus. Fetal production of @entity880 increased sharply and much of this appeared to be consumed by the placenta at a rate sufficient to account entirely for the deficit in net @entity413 consumption. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the fetus senses even small changes in uterine blood flow that are alone insufficient to elicit significant blood gas changes. When the fall in uterine flow caused by arterial compression is relatively large, nutrient supply to the placenta is maintained at the expense of the fetus and as a result of fetal @entity413 and @entity880 production. The elevation of fetal arterial PCO2 appears to enhance fetal responses to @entity519 . The results are discussed in relation to the fetal responses to brief and prolonged reductions in uterine blood flow.

title: Metabolic and cardiovascular effects on fetal XXXX of sustained reduction of uterine blood flow.

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: The effects of thyroid hormones on @entity99 factor (IGF) II gene expression and their interaction with @entity701 in the ontogenic control of this gene were investigated in fetal @entity742 during late gestation (term 145 +/- 2 days) and after experimental manipulation of fetal plasma hormone concentrations. In intact fetuses, a significant decrease in hepatic @entity9419 mRNA abundance was observed between 127-130 and 142-145 days of gestation, which coincided with the normal prepartum rise in plasma @entity701 and @entity1954 (T3) concentrations. This ontogenic decline in hepatic @entity9419 gene expression was abolished in fetuses in which the prepartum rise in plasma T3, but not @entity701 , was prevented by fetal thyroidectomy. At 127-130 days, downregulation of hepatic @entity9419 mRNA abundance was induced prematurely in intact fetuses by an infusion of @entity701 for 5 days (2-3 mg . kg-1 . day-1 iv). Plasma concentrations of @entity701 and T3 in the @entity701 -infused intact fetuses were increased to values seen close to term. Similar findings were observed in thyroidectomized fetuses, in which, despite thyroidectomy, @entity701 infusion significantly increased plasma T3 concentrations and caused a premature decrease in hepatic @entity9419 mRNA levels. However, in intact fetuses at 127-130 days, the increasing of T3 concentrations alone by exogenous T3 infusion (8-12 microg . kg-1 . day-1 iv for 5 days) had no effect on hepatic @entity9419 mRNA levels. Overall, a decrease in hepatic @entity9419 mRNA abundance was only observed in fetuses in which there were concurrent increases in plasma @entity701 and T3 concentrations. When observations from all fetuses were considered, irrespective of gestational age or treatment, hepatic @entity9419 mRNA levels were negatively correlated with plasma @entity701 and T3 but not @entity1955 concentrations. Partial correlation analysis of hepatic @entity9419 , @entity701 , and T3 values showed that the plasma concentration of @entity701 in the fetus had the predominant effect on hepatic @entity9419 mRNA abundance. These findings show that T3 may mediate, in part, the maturational effects of @entity701 on hepatic @entity9419 gene expression but that it is ineffective without a concomitant rise in fetal plasma @entity701 . Hence, increased concentrations of both @entity701 and T3 appear necessary to induce downregulation of hepatic @entity9419 mRNA abundance in fetal @entity742 close to term.

title: Control of XXXX factor II gene expression by thyroid hormones in fetal @entity742 near term.

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic insulin-like growth']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic insulin-like growth']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We aimed at developing and testing a Dutch health-related quality of life measure for @entity263 @entity1 . METHODS: Scales on urinary and bowel function and bother from the UCLA @entity263 Index (PCI) underwent formal linguistic and cultural translation. PCI sexual scales were replaced by an existing Dutch sexual activities module (SAc). After qualitative pilot testing 389 @entity1 with @entity263 (mean age 67 +/- 7 years) completed the measure before and at 2 time points after primary treatment. Psychometric properties (feasibility, score distribution, reliability, construct validity and responsiveness to change) of the new instrument were analyzed. RESULTS: Response rates ranged from 93% at baseline to 87% after treatment. Urinary and bowel function scales showed Cronbach's alphas >0.7. Urinary function and bother, and bowel function and bother were significantly correlated. Pre- vs. post-prostatectomy effect sizes were >0.9 only for urinary scales; while pre- vs. post-radiotherapy effect sizes were >0.75 only for bowel scales. Six months after baseline @entity323 was reported by 64% of respondents, either as a problem in sexual activity or as a reason for not being sexually active. CONCLUSION: The Dutch PCI and SAc performed well in @entity1 treated for early @entity5 .

title: Measuring disease specific quality of life in XXXX : the Dutch experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer', 'Prostate Cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['localized prostate cancer']


abstract: Environmental dissemination of biotechnology agents is becoming a common practice. Most applications use historically innocuous species; however, potential health effects of individual products are not scrutinized unless they contain genetically engineered microorganisms. In order to investigate possible health concerns, four surrogate microbial agents were studied in vivo. Male C3H/HeJ (endotoxin-resistant) @entity19 were administered intranasally (i.n.) with approximately 10(7) @entity11763 aureofaciens, @entity6402 , @entity11763 , or @entity15250 . To determine clearance of the dosed bacterial strains, lungs, small intestine, large intestine, cecum, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), spleen, and liver were homogenized individually, plated, and dilutions inoculated onto selective media. @entity11763 and @entity15250 were eliminated from the lungs by 2 d posttreatment, and P. aureofaciens was not detected in the lungs by 5 d posttreatment. @entity6402 was reisolated from the lungs and cecum for the experimental duration (14 d). Translocation to extraintestinal sites (MLN, spleen, and liver) also occurred. @entity6402 was recovered from the MLN for 10 d after treatment of @entity19 . Pulmonary exposure to several bacterial strains resulted in unexpected mortality. @entity11763 aureofaciens was lethal at the lowest dose (8.26 x 10(6) CFU/ @entity19 ), while @entity11763 and @entity6402 were fatal at higher doses (6.15 x 10(8) CFU/ @entity19 and 1.34 x 10(8) CFU/ @entity19 , respectively). By using the model described in this study, @entity1 safety issues can be more easily addressed and evaluated.

title: Colonization and clearance of environmental microbial agents upon intranasal exposure of strain C3H/HeJ XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11763 :: ('294', 'Species') :: ['P. fluorescens', 'Pseudomonas', 'Pseudomonas fluorescens']

entities_list: @entity6402 :: ('292', 'Species') :: ['B. cepacia', 'Burkholderia cepacia']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity10453 / @entity5023 combination (SFC) formulated in a breath-actuated inhaler (BAI) overcomes the co-ordination problem associated with the pressurized-metered dose inhaler (pMDIs). Our aim was to compare the efficacy and the safety of SFC given through the BAI versus the conventional pMDI in moderate-to-severe @entity748 . METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, prospective, active-controlled, parallel group, multicenter, 12 weeks study, 150 @entity748 were randomized to receive SFC (25/125   mcg) through either BAI or pMDI. The primary efficacy endpoint was mean change in pre-dose morning PEFR value at 12 weeks and the secondary efficacy endpoints included, mean change in FEV1, pre-bronchodilator FVC, pre-dose morning and evening PEFR, symptom scores at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. @entity1 preferences for device and safety were also assessed. RESULTS: At 12 weeks, the mean change in pre-dose morning PEFR in BAI and pMDI groups was 50.72   L/min and 48.82   L/min, respectively (p   <   0.0001; both groups) and the difference between the two groups was not significant. Both the treatment groups showed a statistically significant improvement in secondary endpoints at all-time points compared with baseline. The usability questionnaire assessment results showed that the BAI device was preferred by 75% of @entity1 as compared with 25% preferring pMDI. SFC in both BAI and pMDI devices was found to be safe and well tolerated. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to demonstrate that SFC given through the BAI produces comparable efficacy and safety endpoints as pMDI. Additionally, BAI was the preferred inhaler by @entity1 compared to conventional pMDI.

title: @entity10453 / XXXX through breath-actuated inhaler versus pMDI: a randomized, double-blind, 12 weeks study.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatics']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone']

entities_list: @entity10453 :: ('MESH:C057823', 'Chemical') :: ['Salmeterol']

answer: @entity5023 :: (MESH:C065382,Chemical) :: ['fluticasone']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the frequency, CT findings, and fate of multiple infarcted regenerative nodules in @entity1 with @entity1575 after @entity548 or @entity326 . METHODS: During a recent 3-year period, 492 @entity1 with @entity6552 or @entity476 (n  =  445) and @entity326 (n  =  47) in @entity1575 visited our hospital. After applying the exclusion criteria, 136 @entity1 with active @entity548 and 29 @entity1 with @entity326 were finally included in the study. We diagnosed multiple infarcted regenerative nodules based on the findings of the first follow-up (within 30  days) CT after events. We evaluated the shape, number, size, margin, location, and distribution of the infarcted regenerative nodules. RESULTS: Thirty-four @entity1 were diagnosed with multiple infarcted regenerative nodules (20.6% [34/165]): 29 among 136 @entity1 with @entity548 (21.3% [29/136]) and 5 among 29 @entity1 with @entity326 (17.2% [5/29]). Most of the infarcted regenerative nodules were round in shape, more than ten in number (79.4%), measured 1  cm or less (76.3%), had well-defined margins (61.8%), were present in the periphery (67.6%), and had a clustered distribution (67.6%). Almost all of the infarcted regenerative nodules disappeared on the second follow-up CT (88.9% [16/18]). CONCLUSIONS: In cirrhotic @entity1 , multiple infarcted regenerative nodules were not rare (they were found in about one-fifth of the @entity1 ) on the first follow-up CT after @entity548 or @entity326 . Majority of the infarcted regenerative nodules were more than ten in number, measured 1  cm or less, were located in the periphery, and had a clustered distribution.

title: Frequency, CT findings, and fate of multiple infarcted regenerative nodules in @entity1575 after XXXX or @entity326 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6552 :: ('MESH:D006396', 'Disease') :: ['hematemesis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['variceal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['variceal bleeding']


abstract: AIM: To examine the incidence of @entity1722 oncogene amplification in clinically localised @entity263 using in situ hybridisation. METHODS: One hundred and seventeen @entity1 , who had undergone radical prostatectomy, were identified and in situ hybridisation was performed on @entity406 fixed, paraffin wax embedded tissue using the Quantum Appligene probe for @entity1722 . The enzyme peroxidase was used to detect the probe because this enabled a permanent record to be kept. @entity5 in which there were five or more signals in each nucleus in > 20% of the @entity5 cells were considered to have a significantly increased copy number. A serial section from these @entity5 was then hybridised with the chromosome 17 alpha satellite probe. The ratio of the percentage of cells showing an increase in @entity1722 copy number to the number showing polysomy for chromosome 17 was calculated. A ratio above 2 was considered amplified. RESULTS: Biochemical recurrence occurred in 50 (43%) @entity1 and 24 (21%) had clinical recurrence. In situ hybridisation for @entity1722 was accessible in 114 (97%) @entity1 . A significant increase in copy number was present in two @entity1 (1.75 %), but chromosome 17 hybridisation showed that the increase was the result of polysomy rather than true amplification. Both these @entity1 had a Gleason score of 7 and stage T3; they also had recurrent clinical disease with distal metastasis within two and 19 months. CONCLUSIONS: Increased @entity1722 oncogene copy number appears to be rare in clinically localised @entity263 and is related to chromosome 17 polysomy rather than true amplification. As a result, it would not be a useful biomarker for identifying those @entity1 who will have recurrences after radical prostatectomy.

title: XXXX oncogene amplification in clinically localised @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic adenocarcinoma', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['Her-2/neu']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Individuals referred for stress testing to identify @entity453 may have nonobstructive @entity731 , which is not detected by stress tests. Identification of increased risk despite a negative stress test could inform prevention efforts. Abnormal @entity3681 ( @entity3681 ) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. HYPOTHESIS: Routine @entity3681 testing in the stress laboratory will identify unrecognized peripheral @entity455 in some @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 referred for stress testing without known history of @entity731 underwent @entity3681 testing (n = 451). Ankle-brachial index was assessed via simultaneous arm and leg pressure using standard measurement, automated blood-pressure cuffs at rest. Ankle-brachial index was measured after exercise in 296 @entity1 and 30 healthy controls. Abnormal postexercise @entity3681 was defined as a >20% drop in @entity3681 or fall in ankle pressure by >30 mm Hg. RESULTS: Overall, 2.0% of @entity1 had resting @entity3681  <=0.90, 3.1% had @entity3681 >= 1.40, and 5.5% had borderline @entity3681 . No @entity1 with abnormal or borderline @entity3681 had an abnormal stress test. @entity1 who met peripheral @entity455 screening criteria (age >= 65 or 50-64 with @entity6 or smoking) tended toward greater frequency of low @entity3681 (2.9% vs 1.0%; P = 0.06) and were more likely to have borderline @entity3681 (0.91 to 0.99; 7.8% vs 2.9%; P = 0.006). Postexercise @entity3681 was abnormal in 29.4% of @entity1 and 30.0% of controls (P not significant). CONCLUSIONS: Ankle-brachial index screening at rest just before stress testing detected low @entity3681 in 2.0% of @entity1 , all of whom had negative stress tests.

title: Ankle-Brachial Index Testing at the Time of Stress Testing in @entity1 Without Known XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ABI', 'ankle-brachial index']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The efficacy of @entity3756 for the treatment of @entity2754 is evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 37 potent @entity1 , 19 to 70 years old (mean age 41), with @entity2754 were treated with 50 mg. oral @entity3756 and placebo in a controlled randomized single-blind crossover trial. All @entity1 were either married or in a stable relationship. None of the @entity1 received any formal psychosexual therapy. Chronic open label treatment with @entity3756 was continued in 29 @entity1 who had achieved an increase in ejaculatory latency times over pretreatment levels with active drug in the initial crossover study. In an attempt to identify which @entity1 could maintain the improved ejaculatory control after withdrawal of the active drug, serial drug withdrawal was conducted every 4 weeks with drug initiation after a further 2 weeks if improved ejaculatory control was not maintained. RESULTS: The mean pretreatment ejaculatory latency time was 0.3 minute (range 0 to 1). The mean ejaculatory interval after 4 weeks of treatment was 3.2 minutes (range 1 minute to anejaculation) with @entity3756 and 0.5 minute (range 0 to 1) with placebo (p <0.001). Intravaginal ejaculation was achieved for the first time in 5 @entity1 with primary @entity2754 and 2 @entity1 experienced anejaculation. One @entity1 described minor drowsiness and @entity448 , and 2 @entity1 described mild, transient @entity344 . Staged drug withdrawal allowed 20 of the 29 @entity1 (67%) on chronic open label treatment with @entity3756 to discontinue the drug after a mean interval of 7.3 months with a mean ejaculatory latency time of 4.1 minutes (range 1 to 12). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3756 appears to be a useful agent in the pharmacological treatment of @entity2754 .

title: Treatment of @entity2754 with XXXX : a single-blind placebo controlled crossover study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal upset']

entities_list: @entity3756 :: ('MESH:D020280', 'Chemical') :: ['Sertraline', 'sertraline hydrochloride', 'sertraline']

entities_list: @entity2754 :: ('MESH:D061686', 'Disease') :: ['premature ejaculation']

answer: @entity3756 :: (MESH:D020280,Chemical) :: ['sertraline hydrochloride']


abstract: PURPOSE: To quantify the orientation of the collagen fibrils in the @entity1 limbus and to compare it with the orientation in the @entity5692 . METHODS: Fibril orientation was measured from 100 synchrotron x-ray diffraction patterns collected at intervals along lines across the @entity267 , limbus, and sclera. RESULTS: A distinct circumcorneal annulus of collagen fibrils was revealed in the limbus. For the individual @entity267 investigated, the annulus was not uniform around the corneal circumference; its width, fibril angular spread, and fibril density all varied with position. The average width of the annulus was narrower in the superior sector (1.5 mm) than in the inferior sector (2.0 mm). The results from the edge of the @entity267 suggested that the preferentially aligned corneal fibrils bend sharply at the limbus to run circumferentially or that, together with this bending or alone, extra fibrils arising in the sclera run across this zone. In the @entity267 the biaxial preferred directions became more pronounced from the center of the @entity267 toward the limbus along the superior-inferior @entity2270 . CONCLUSIONS: The excess of circumferential fibrils in the limbus, predicted from the sharp change of curvature in the surface of the eye at the limbus, appeared to take the form of a well-defined annulus. From a consideration of the mechanics of the system it seemed probable that the purpose of this annulus was to help maintain the correct curvature of the @entity267 . Before further research, it was hypothesized that some refractive problems associated with an incorrect curvature of the @entity267 may be related in @entity854 of this circumcorneal annulus.

title: Circumcorneal annulus of collagen fibrils in the XXXX limbus.

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['part to abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity5692 :: ('MESH:D015422', 'Disease') :: ['cornea and the sclera']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Thrombolysis is considered to be contraindicated in acute @entity385 secondary to @entity884 ( @entity884 ). We report a 12-year-old female who presented with acute dense right @entity1269 and @entity2026 . Cranial magnetic resonance imaging and angiography showed multiple diffusion-restricted lesions in the left hemisphere and absence of flow in the left internal carotid artery. She was treated with intra-arterial tissue plasminogen activator within 6 hours of her presentation. Subsequently she was diagnosed with @entity884 and underwent debridement of vegetations and patch repair of the mitral valve. The @entity1 did not have @entity548 following thrombolytic therapy or surgery. Pathological analysis of the @entity339 revealed mostly fibrin @entity715 . Follow-up imaging showed complete recanalization of the left internal carotid artery, and the @entity1 had a remarkable neurological recovery. This is the first case report of successful intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy in childhood @entity884 -related @entity64 . We believe that thrombolytic therapy contributed to a favorable outcome in our @entity1 and may be safe in selected @entity1 with childhood @entity884 -related acute @entity385 .

title: Bacterial endocarditis in a @entity1 presenting with acute arterial XXXX : should thrombolytic therapy be absolutely contraindicated?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve vegetations']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic complications']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal endocarditis', 'IE', 'infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: Repolarization Heterogeneity and @entity944 Risk. INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the characteristics of endocardial ventricular repolarization are associated with differential risk for @entity944 . Prolonged surface QT interval is associated with increased arrhythmic risk after @entity583 ( @entity583 ), but the underlying mechanism of @entity1162 and its relation to lethal @entity943 are unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) risk was assessed in 12 @entity235 1 month after anterior @entity583 during an exercise test coupled with brief circumflex @entity1563 . Susceptible @entity235 (n = 5) developed @entity2224 during the brief ischemic episode, whereas resistant @entity235 did not (n = 7). Surface QT interval was measured at rest. Endocardial electroanatomic catheter maps of left ventricular repolarization were obtained in four unique regions identified by echocardiography and compared between groups. Compared to resistant @entity235 , susceptible @entity235 were characterized by prolonged surface QT intervals (240 +/- 10 msec vs 222 +/- 7 msec, P = 0.04). In addition, they had lower baroreflex sensitivity (9.7 +/- 1.5 msec/mmHg vs 28 +/- 9.8 msec/mmHg, P < 0.01) and a tachycardic response to acute @entity63 suggesting higher propensity for stronger sympathetic reflexes. Surface @entity1162 in susceptible @entity235 was due to a marked heterogeneity of endocardial left ventricular repolarization (239 +/- 42 msec, basal anterior wall vs 197 +/- 35, lateral wall; P < 0.001). Resistant animals had no regional differences in endocardial repolarization. CONCLUSION: Sympathetic activation following @entity583 not only produces adverse structural remodeling but also contributes to adverse electrophysiologic remodeling resulting in heterogeneous ventricular repolarization and in a myocardial substrate conducive to lethal reentrant @entity943 .

title: Heterogeneous regional endocardial repolarization is associated with increased risk for @entity63 -dependent XXXX after @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['QT prolongation', 'QT interval prolongation']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death', 'Sudden Death']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'Ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity2224 :: (MESH:D014693,Disease) :: ['ventricular fibrillation']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A population-based, incidence cohort study was conducted. OBJECTIVE: To measure the incidence and prognosis for collision-related @entity1643 before and after a change in the insurance compensation system. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity1643 is a common and @entity5281 . It also occurs after traffic collisions, but less is known about its frequency and recovery in this setting. METHODS: An incidence cohort of 4473 low back @entity158 was formed between July 1, 1994 and December 31, 1995 in Saskatchewan. On January 1, 1995 the public insurance system changed from a tort system to a no-fault system, eliminating compensation for @entity158 and suffering. The incidence of claims and the time to claim closure were calculated before and after this change. Prognostic models were built using baseline and follow-up data. RESULTS: The 6-month incidence of claims decreased from 256 to 176 per 100,000 after the insurance change. The median time to claim closure dropped from 505 days for tort claims to 210 days and 216 days for claims made during the first and second 6 months of the no-fault period. Improvements in bodily @entity158 and physical functioning and the absence of @entity308 were associated with faster claim closure. High @entity158 intensity, female gender, full-time employment, concentration problems, and lawyer involvement early in the claim process delayed claim closure. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1643 is a common traffic injury with a prolonged recovery. Its incidence and prognosis are affected by multiple factors, including the type of compensation system. Our study suggests that biopsychosocial factors are important in determining prognosis.

title: XXXX after traffic collisions: a population-based cohort study.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['Low back pain', 'low back pain']

entities_list: @entity5281 :: ('MESH:D060051', 'Disease') :: ['costly occupational injury']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain injury claims', 'pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['Low back pain']


abstract: The aim of the current study was to elucidate the effect of Kupffer cells inhibition on @entity99 induced by chronic @entity1448 . @entity35 underwent bile duct ligation (BDL) or sham operation and were treated with either saline solution or @entity2545 ( @entity21953 , a specific Kupffer cell inhibitor, 20 mg/kg i.p. daily). Serum and liver samples were collected after 28 days. Direct and total @entity648 concentrations and serum enzyme activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), @entity493 aminotransferase (ALT), @entity492 aminotransferase (AST), and y-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) increased following BDL (p < 0.01). On the contrary to @entity648 concentrations and AST activity, @entity21953 partially prevented the elevation in ALP, ALT and GGT enzyme activities (p < 0.05). @entity21953 alleviated lipid peroxidation (reflected by @entity1234 [ @entity1865 ] concentration) and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (i.e. @entity12609 and @entity2041 peroxidase) in liver samples after BDL (p < 0.05). @entity82 , ductular proliferation and portal @entity32 were also scored in liver samples. Among morphological changes appeared following BDL (i.e. marked @entity82 , portal @entity32 and ductular proliferation); only ductular proliferation was not alleviated by @entity21953 . Therefore, Kupffer cells inhibition has beneficial effects against the development of @entity99 induced by chronic @entity1448 .

title: @entity2545 , a Kupffer cell inhibitor, attenuates @entity99 in a @entity35 model of chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'Fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2545 :: ('MESH:C038958', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium chloride']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic injury']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity1448 :: (MESH:D002779,Disease) :: ['cholestasis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3494 (As) @entity137 is a global health problem, affecting millions of @entity1 . Exposure to @entity3494 , mostly via drinking water, has been associated with @entity5 of skin, lungs, and blood, in addition to several kinds of @entity272 . The present study focused on the effect of @entity4447 ( @entity9188 ) on normal skin fibroblast cells. Specifically, the effect of @entity9188 on ROS generation and oxidative stress was investigated. Proteins involved in the DNA damage signaling pathway and cell cycle were also studied. @entity9188 induced the generation of intracellular ROS. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed a dose-dependent increase in the number of @entity20821 -positive cells, an indication of oxidative stress. Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry demonstrated that @entity9188 caused a significant percentage of cells to accumulate in the G0/G1 phase with a concomitant reduction in the S phase. Increases in the activated forms of DNA damage signaling proteins, ATM and ATR, and their effector molecules, @entity9516 and @entity876 , were also observed. In addition, expression of oncogene @entity3544 was also increased. The study shows that exposure of normal skin fibroblast cells to @entity9188 could lead to cell cycle arrest through ATM/ATR and DNA damage signaling pathways. In conclusion, we report here that @entity4447 increases cellular oxidative stress leading to shift in cell cycle and leads to DNA damage through ATM/ATR and the @entity17342 -dependent signaling pathway.

title: XXXX induces ROS activity and DNA damage, leading to G0/G1 extension in skin fibroblasts through the ATM-ATR-associated @entity17342 pathway.

entities_list: @entity4447 :: ('MESH:C006632', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic trioxide']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity3494 :: ('MESH:D001151', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic', 'Arsenic']

answer: @entity4447 :: (MESH:C006632,Chemical) :: ['Arsenic trioxide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background Delirium is an acute change in mental status characterized by sudden onset, fluctuating course, inattention, disorganized thinking, and abnormal level of consciousness. The objective of the randomized controlled trial "A STrategy to Reduce the Incidence of @entity260 in Elderly @entity1 " (STRIDE) is to assess the effectiveness of light versus heavy sedation on @entity933 and other outcomes in elderly @entity1 undergoing @entity173 repair surgery. Our goal is to describe the design considerations and lessons learned in planning and implementing the STRIDE trial. Methods Discussed are challenges encountered including (1) how to ensure that we quickly identify, assess the eligibility of, and randomize traumatic @entity173 @entity1 ; (2) how to implement interventions that involve continuous monitoring and adjustment during the surgery; and (3) how to measure and ascertain the primary outcome, @entity933 . Results To address the first challenge, we monitored the operating room schedule more actively than anticipated. We constructed and organized eligibility assessment data collection forms by purpose and by source of information needed to complete them. We decided that randomization needs to take place in the operating room. To address the second challenge, we designed and implemented a treatment protocol and covered the bispectral index monitor to prevent the Anesthesiologist/Anesthetist from being influenced by the bispectral index reading while administering the intervention. Finally, clinical assessment of @entity933 consisted of standardized interviews of the @entity1 using validated instruments, interviews of those caring for the @entity1 , and review of the medical record. A consensus panel made the final determination of a @entity933 diagnosis. We note that STRIDE is a single-center trial. The decisions we took may have different implications for multi-center trials. Conclusions Lessons learned are likely to provide useful information to others designing trials in emergency and surgical setting and for those who are interested in unbiased assessment of @entity933 .

title: Design considerations of a randomized controlled trial of sedation level during @entity173 repair surgery: a strategy to reduce the incidence of @entity260 in elderly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative Delirium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) is approved for chronic @entity2704 treatment, its mechanism of action is still unknown. @entity13624 ( @entity13624 ) commonly used to investigate @entity2704 pathophysiology can be evoked by @entity158 . Here we investigated the reactivity of cranial dura to @entity158 , and the mechanism of BoNT/A action on @entity13624 . EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Since @entity2956 are highly comorbid with @entity2704 we employed a @entity35 model of @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) @entity32 induced by complete Freund's adjuvant ( @entity3795 ). The @entity35 were treated with BoNT/A injections or @entity9251 per os. @entity13624 was investigated by Evans blue-plasma protein extravasation, cell histology and @entity10132 ( @entity10132 ) radioimmunoassay. BoNT/A enzymatic activity in dura was assessed by cleaved @entity12252 ( @entity12252 ) immunohistochemistry. KEY RESULTS: BoNT/A and @entity9251 reduced the @entity3795 -evoked peripheral allodynia and @entity13624 . BoNT/A prevented the inflammatory cell infiltration, and counteracted the increase of @entity10132 levels in dura. After toxin peripheral application, BoNT/A-cleaved @entity12252 colocalized with @entity10132 in intracranial dural nerve endings. Injection of axonal transport blocker @entity3812 into trigeminal ganglion prevented the occurrence of cleaved @entity12252 in dura. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Apparently, pericranially injected BoNT/A is taken up by local sensory nerve endings, axonally transported to trigeminal ganglion, and transcytosed to dural afferents. Colocalization of cleaved @entity12252 and @entity2704 mediator @entity10132 in dura suggests that BoNT/A may prevent @entity13624 by suppressing the @entity10132 transmission. This might explain BoNT/A action in @entity32 as well as in @entity2704 and some other @entity10 .

title: Botulinum toxin type A activity in cranial dura: implications for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'TMJ inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['temporomandibular disorders']

entities_list: @entity9251 :: ('MESH:D018170', 'Chemical') :: ['sumatriptan']

entities_list: @entity10132 :: ('796', 'Gene') :: ['calcitonin gene-related peptide', 'CGRP']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['trigeminal pain']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity13624 :: ('MESH:D020078', 'Disease') :: ['Dural neurogenic inflammation', 'DNI']

entities_list: @entity12252 :: ('6616', 'Gene') :: ['SNAP-25', 'synaptosomal-associated protein 25']

answer: @entity2704 :: (MESH:D008881,Disease) :: ['migraine and other headaches']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Stem cell transplantation is a promising therapeutic strategy to enhance axonal regeneration after @entity1566 . Unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSC) isolated from @entity1 umbilical cord blood is an attractive stem cell population available at GMP grade without any ethical concerns. It has been shown that USSC transplantation into acute injured @entity35 spinal cords leads to axonal regrowth and significant locomotor recovery, yet lacking cell replacement. Instead, USSC secrete trophic factors enhancing neurite growth of primary cortical neurons in vitro. Here, we applied a functional secretome approach characterizing proteins secreted by USSC for the first time and validated candidate neurite growth promoting factors using primary cortical neurons in vitro. By mass spectrometric analysis and exhaustive bioinformatic interrogation we identified 1156 proteins representing the secretome of USSC. Using Gene Ontology we revealed that USSC secretome contains proteins involved in a number of relevant biological processes of nerve regeneration such as cell adhesion, cell motion, blood vessel formation, cytoskeleton organization and extracellular matrix organization. We found for instance that 31 well-known neurite growth promoting factors like, e.g., neuronal growth regulator 1, @entity70068 , @entity9618 and @entity32704 span the whole abundance range of USSC secretome. By the means of primary cortical neurons in vitro assays we verified @entity9618 and @entity32704 as significantly involved in USSC mediated neurite growth and therewith underline their role in improved locomotor recovery after transplantation. From our data we are convinced that USSC are a valuable tool in regenerative medicine as the secretome contains a comprehensive network of trophic factors supporting nerve regeneration not only by a single process but also maintained its regenerative phenotype by a multitude of relevant biological processes.

title: Characterization of regenerative phenotype of unrestricted somatic stem cells from XXXX umbilical cord blood by functional secretome analysis.

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity439 and @entity292 (ASV; @entity21829 ) are rare aortic pathologies and present in only a few percent of @entity1 with aorta and/or left @entity455 . Etiology of ASV and FVS is congenital and acquired. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 40 @entity1 (pts) were operated on in the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology from 1978 to 2002 due to pathology of Valsalva sinus (< 1% of all operations in ECC). 18 pts were diagnosed with @entity439 and 22 with its @entity292 . Inflammatory etiology was confirmed in 22 pts (5%). Most common pathology was localized in the right and/or coronary lacking Valsalva sinus (30 pts-75%). @entity21829 penetrated into the right atrium or ventricle in 20 pts (91%). Among accompanying pathologies @entity337 was most frequently found. In 80% of pts with ASV aortic allografts were implanted. In 70% of pts with @entity21829 , @entity292 was sutured with interrupted pledgeted mattress sutures. @entity154 were corrected simultaneously. Mechanical aortic valve was implanted in 9 pts. RESULTS: 2 pts died in the early post-operative period and 3 in the follow up. Reoperation (with good results) was performed in 4 pts. At discharge all pts were in NYHA I/II except 1 pt in NYHA III. Objective estimation of @entity1 's cardiopulmonary sufficiency did not differ from the subjective one. 24 pts performed normal life activities after operation. The echocardiography confirmed effectiveness of surgical treatment. CONCLUSION: 1. ASV and @entity21829 require different surgical techniques. 2. Surgical treatment efficiently reduced symptoms. 3. Allografts were found very useful. 4. @entity154 should be treated simultaneously.

title: [Surgical treatment of @entity439 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['Accompanied anomalies', 'Accompanying anomalies']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial orifice disease']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['Valsalva sinus aneurysm', 'Valsalva sinus aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas', 'fistula']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve insufficiency']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistulas']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare efficacy and cost of @entity3303 cutaneous anesthesia by two jet injectors to routine needle infiltration for @entity158 relief of intravenous (i.v.) catheterization, hypothesizing that jet injection of @entity3303 is less painful than its needle infiltration. DESIGN: Randomized, prospective, controlled trial. SETTING: University hospital outpatient surgical unit. @entity1 : 75 surgical @entity1 ASA I and II. INTERVENTIONS: Three groups of 25 @entity1 each were given intradermal @entity3303 anesthesia via conventional 25-gauge needle/syringe; by MedEJet or Biojector jet injector prior to IV catheterization with an 18-gauge Jelco catheter. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Visual analogue @entity158 scores (VAS) (0 = no @entity158 , 10 = intolerable @entity158 ) and subjective @entity158 intensity scores (PIS) (0 = not painful, 4 = intolerable @entity158 ) at @entity3303 application and at i.v. catheterization, were recorded. Cost assessment of each method was made. At local anesthetic application, no @entity158 by proportion of VAS = 0 with MedEJet: 25/25 (confidence interval [CI]: 0.868, 0.999) and Biojector: 24/25 (CI 0.804, 0.991) was noted, but-22 of 25 @entity1 experienced @entity158 with needle administration: (with VAS = 0; 3/25 [CI: 0.044, 0.302]) (posterior probability [PP] > 0.999). The corresponding VAS scores (means +/- SD) were 0.00 +/- 0.00, 0.04 +/- 0.20, and 2.4 +/- 2.23 (p < 0.001). No @entity158 by proportion of PIS = 0 with MedEJet: 25/25 (CI: 0.868, 0.999 and Biojector: 23/25 (0.749, 0.976) was noted, but @entity158 in 20/25 was felt with the needle: 5/25 (CI: 0.090, 0.394) (PP > 0.999). The corresponding PIS scores were 0.00 +/- 0.00, 0.16 +/- 0.55, and 1.24 +/- 1.00 (p < 0.001). At i.v. catheterization, no @entity158 by proportion of VAS = 0 with MedEJet: 22/25 (CI: 0.698, 0.956) or Biojector: 21/25 (CI: 0.651, 0.934) was noted; but @entity158 in 19/25 with needle administration was experienced: 6/25 (CI: 0.116, 0.436) (PP > 0.999). The corresponding scores were 0.12 +/- 0.33, 0.44 +/- 0.20, and 1.64 +/- 1.50 (p < 0.001). No @entity158 by proportion of PIS = 0 with MedEJet: 24/25 (CI: 0.804, 0.991) or Biojector: 24/25 (CI: 0.804, 0.991) was noted, but @entity158 was apparent in 12/25 with needle administration: 13/25 (CI: 0.334, 0.701) (PP > 0.999). The corresponding scores were 0.00 +/- 0.00, 0.00 +/- 0.00, and 0.76 +/- 0.88 (p < 0.001). Cost per application: MedEJet =  0.13; needle/syringe =  0.50; Biojector =  0.94. CONCLUSIONS: Almost completely painless i.v. catheterization was carried out by jet injection of @entity3303 , but needle infiltration produced discomfort or @entity158 and did not significantly reduce discomfort or @entity158 at the i.v. needle insertion.

title: Painless intravenous catheterization by intradermal jet injection of XXXX : a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: The bactericidal machinery of @entity1 neutrophils is built up of many components with different chemical properties, involving proteins, peptides and @entity26 -dependent radicals. All these components work in synergy, leading to destruction and elimination of ingested microbes. During the eighties, it gradually became clear, that cationic peptides are a part of the @entity26 -independent bactericidal effectors in phagocytic cells. In mammals, these antimicrobial peptides are represented by two families, the defensins and the @entity49951 . These potent broad spectra peptides are included as immediate effector molecules in innate immunity. The detailed killing mechanism for these effectors is partly known, but nearly all of them have membrane affinity, and permeate bacterial membranes, resulting in lysis of the bacteria. This peptide-membrane interaction includes also eukaryotic membranes, that implicates cytotoxic effects on host cells. Studies in vitro have established that the microenvironment is critical for their activities. In connection to cystic @entity82 , the effects of microenvironment changes are apparent, causing inactivation of peptide defences and leading to repeated serious @entity2348 . Thus, the importance of the microenvironment is also supported in vivo. Additional functions of these peptides such as chemotactic, mitogenic and stimulatory in the wound healing process suggest further important roles for these peptides.

title: Neutrophil antibacterial peptides, multifunctional effector molecules in the XXXX immune system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity49951 :: ('MESH:D054804', 'Chemical') :: ['cathelicidins']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: @entity3001 often presents initially with @entity8831 . Borreliae may disseminate from the primary @entity272 , and different organs and systems could be affected. Borrelia strains were isolated from blood of 70 @entity1 with @entity3001 , including 10 @entity1 from whom borreliae were also isolated from skin. The aim of the present study was to characterise the isolates with regard to their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. Borreliae were cultivated in MKP medium. Species identification and plasmid profiles were determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and protein profiles by SDS-PAGE. Digestion of @entity2069 sensu lato DNA showed 63 (90%) @entity21786 Mla1 and 7 (10%) @entity25974 Mlg2. No @entity2069 were isolated. Borreliae were isolated from both skin and blood of 10 @entity1 , nine pairs of isolates were identical: seven @entity21786 and two @entity25974 . @entity21786 was isolated from the skin and @entity25974 from blood of the tenth @entity1 . All but one isolate possessed at least one large plasmid and varying numbers of smaller plasmids. Eight (11.4%) of 70 isolates possessed an unusual plasmid profile (2 of 63 @entity21786 and 6 of 7 @entity25974 ). Borreliae differed in their protein profiles. OspA and OspB proteins were expressed by all @entity21786 isolates; 85.7% of @entity25974 isolates expressed OspA and 71.4% expressed OspB. OspC was expressed by 65% of @entity21786 isolates and all @entity25974 isolates. The ratios of @entity21786 and @entity25974 isolated from blood and skin were similar. These results do not support the hypothesis that @entity25974 has a higher propensity for haematogenous dissemination than B. afzelii. Antigen diversity as well as species and plasmid heterogeneity could play a role in the pathogenesis of the infection, suggesting distinctive strain organotropism.

title: Genotypic and phenotypic characterisation of XXXX sensu lato strains isolated from @entity1 blood.

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme borreliosis']

entities_list: @entity2069 :: ('139', 'Species') :: ['B. burgdorferi sensu stricto', 'Borrelia burgdorferi']

entities_list: @entity8831 :: ('MESH:C538499', 'Disease') :: ['erythema migrans']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesion']

answer: @entity2069 :: (139,Species) :: ['Borrelia burgdorferi']


abstract: Topotecan is a topoisomerase (Topo) I inhibitor used in @entity43 chemotherapy. Topo I inhibitors are thought to be more cytotoxic using protracted schedules of administration. We tested this hypothesis on a preclinical model: @entity1 @entity43 OVCAR-3 implanted i.p. @entity19 were treated i.p. with a total dose of topotecan of 12.5 mg/kg delivered in 1, 5, 10, 20, 40, or 80 daily injections. The @entity137 was maximal when the total dose was delivered within 5 and 10 days of treatment. However, the efficacy was the greatest (all of the @entity19 cured) in the 20-day schedule using 0.625 mg/kg/day, hence, making this latter schedule the most efficient without any major @entity137 . A pharmacokinetic study was conducted to identify parameters related to the efficacy and @entity137 of topotecan in our model. The use of a population pharmacokinetic approach allowed us to define a therapeutic window: maintaining plasma concentrations above 0.2 microM for >10 h was necessary for an optimal antitumor effect and avoiding plasma concentrations >0.7 microM allowed a manageable @entity137 . Finally, Topo I activity was monitored in ascites from animals treated with different topotecan administration schedules. The optimal schedule defined above allowed for sustained inhibition of Topo I activity associated with a greater antitumor activity. These in vivo data constitute a rationale for clinical studies testing this type of administration.

title: Schedule-dependent activity of topotecan in OVCAR-3 XXXX xenograft: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conventional PTCA for the treatment of @entity75 is associated with a high rate of recurrence (30-50%). Primary stenting decreases the @entity256 rate at long-term follow-up. METHODS: One-hundred consecutive @entity1 with @entity256 received a Bard XT stent. Follow-up angiography was performed after 6 months. Angiograms were compared by means of computed quantitative analysis. RESULTS: The mean pretreatment reference diameter was 2.88 +/- 0.51 mm. The mean @entity5562 ( @entity5562 ) increased from 1.09 +/- 0.57 mm to 2.70 +/- 0.44 mm. The percent diameter stenosis decreased from 66 +/- 13% to 15 +/- 10%. The procedural success rate was 99%. At 6 month follow-up repeat angiography was performed in 86 @entity1 . The mean @entity5562 was 1.74 +/- 0.67 mm with a mean diameter stenosis of 41 +/- 20%. @entity41 were reported in 29% of @entity1 . In-stent @entity256 (defined as diameter stenosis of more than 50%) occurred in 18% of the @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Placement of the Bard XT stent in @entity75 is feasible, has an excellent short term outcome and yields a favorable result at 6 month follow-up angiography.

title: Stenting for XXXX with the BARD XT stent.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['Residual anginal complaints']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['restenotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity5562 :: ('MESH:D015875', 'Disease') :: ['minimal luminal diameter', 'MLD']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['restenotic lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1252 has a wide spectrum of immunological and clinical manifestations. Its course is characterised by exacerbations which may result in mortality or morbidity to vital organs/systems. OBJECTIVE: To determine clear and early prognostic markers to avoid further complications. METHODS: 245 adult @entity1 diagnosed between January 1978 and March 2001 were studied. Clinical manifestations and laboratory findings both at onset and during the clinical course were collected. The number, type, and severity of the flares were also noted. Statistical analyses between disease features at onset, subsequent flares, and mortality were performed. RESULTS: 239 @entity1 entered the study. Their mean age at onset was 30 years. The mean time between onset and diagnosis was 36 months and the mean evolution time was 114 months. 205 @entity1 developed 915 flares; 205 (22.4%) of these flares were major flares, and affected 110 @entity1 . Cardiac, neurological, or renal affection at onset were associated with a higher probability of developing cardiac (p=0.022), neurological (p<0.001), and renal (p<0.001) exacerbations, respectively, during the evolution. @entity4555 ( @entity4555 ) and anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) were predictors of @entity64 (aCL, p=0.000; @entity4555 , p=0.001). Age at diagnosis (p=0.003) and @entity340 at onset (p=0.008) were independent predictors of low survival. CONCLUSIONS: Renal, cardiac, or neurological involvement and the presence of @entity4555 or aCL positivity at onset were predictors of @entity16 , respectively. Age and valvular involvement at onset were found to be independent adverse outcome predictors for low survival.

title: Contribution of the initial features of XXXX to the clinical evolution and survival of a cohort of Mediterranean @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['renal, cardiac, or neurological flares']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity4555 :: ('MESH:C531622', 'Disease') :: ['Lupus anticoagulant', 'LA']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular disease']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: In addition to the DNA contributed by sperm and oocytes, embryos receive parent-specific epigenetic information that can include histone variants, histone post-translational modifications (PTMs), and DNA methylation. However, a global view of how such marks are erased or retained during gamete formation and reprogrammed after fertilization is lacking. To focus on features conveyed by histones, we conducted a large-scale proteomic identification of histone variants and PTMs in sperm and mixed-stage embryo chromatin from @entity2199 , a species that lacks conserved DNA methylation pathways. The fate of these histone marks was then tracked using immunostaining. Proteomic analysis found that sperm harbor    2.4 fold lower levels of histone PTMs than embryos and revealed differences in classes of PTMs between sperm and embryos. Sperm chromatin repackaging involves the incorporation of the sperm-specific histone H2A variant @entity68109 , a widespread erasure of histone acetylation, and the retention of histone methylation at sites that mark the transcriptional history of chromatin domains during spermatogenesis. After fertilization, we show @entity68109 and 6 histone PTM marks distinguish sperm and oocyte chromatin in the new embryo and characterize distinct paternal and maternal histone remodeling events during the oocyte-to-embryo transition. These include the exchange of histone H2A that is marked by ubiquitination, retention of @entity68109 , removal of the H2A variant @entity68110 , and differential reprogramming of histone PTMs. This work identifies novel and conserved features of paternal chromatin that are specified during spermatogenesis and processed in the embryo. Furthermore, our results show that different species, even those with diverged DNA packaging and imprinting strategies, use conserved histone modification and removal mechanisms to reprogram epigenetic information.

title: The Specification and Global Reprogramming of Histone Epigenetic Marks during Gamete Formation and Early Embryo Development in XXXX .

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['C. elegans']


abstract: Plant @entity2453 reductase(HMGR; EC 1.1.1.34) and @entity969 - @entity1391 synthase (SPS; EC 2.4.1.14) and synthetic peptides designed from the known phosphorylation sites of plant HMGR (SAMS*: KSHMKYNRSTKDVK), @entity35 @entity6625 carboxylase (SAMS: HMRSAMSGLHLVKRR), @entity2772 SPS (SP2: GRRJRRISSVEJJDKK), and @entity2772 @entity2125 : @entity1507 reductase (NR6: GPTLKRTASTPFJNTTSK) were used to characterize kinase activities from cauliflower ( @entity5598 . ) inflorescences. The three major peaks of protein kinase activity resolved by anion-exchange FPLC are homologs of those observed previously in @entity2772 leaves and thus are designated PKI, PKIV, and PKIII, listed in order of elution. PKIV was the most active in terms of phosphorylation and inactivation of recombinant Nicotiana HMGR and was also strictly @entity141 dependent. The novel aspects are that PKIII has not been detected in previous cauliflower studies, that SAMS* is a more specific peptide substrate to identify potential HMGR kinases, and that the major HMGR kinase in cauliflower is @entity141 dependent. Of the three major kinases that phosphorylated the SP2 peptide only PKI (partially @entity141 sensitive) and PKIII ( @entity141 insensitive) inactivated native @entity2772 leaf SPS. Cauliflower extracts contained endogenous SPS that was inactivated by endogenous kinase(s) in an @entity855 -dependent manner and this may be one of the substrate target proteins for PKI and/or PKIII. The substrate specificity of the three kinase peaks was studied using synthetic peptide variants of the SP2 sequence. All three kinases had a strong preference for peptides with a basic residue at P-6 (as in SP2 and SAMS*; SAMS has a free @entity1472 terminus at this position) or a Pro at P-7 (as in NR6). This requirement for certain residues at P-6 or P-7 was not recognized in earlier studies but appears to be a general requirement. In plant HMGR, a conserved His residue at P-6 is involved directly in catalysis and this may explain why substrates reduced HMGR phosphorylation in vitro.

title: @entity2453 reductase kinase and XXXX - @entity1391 synthase kinase activities in cauliflower florets: @entity141 dependence and substrate specificities.

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity5598 :: ('3712', 'Species') :: ['Brassica oleracea L']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity2453 :: ('MESH:C008047', 'Chemical') :: ['3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA']

entities_list: @entity6625 :: ('MESH:D000105', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl-CoA']

answer: @entity969 :: (MESH:D013395,Chemical) :: ['sucrose']


abstract: Foot @entity1066 in @entity1 with @entity6 present an increasing burden to healthcare. @entity6029 ( @entity6029 ) is a well established treatment option for many of these @entity1066 , but little seems to be known about the final outcome once healing has been reached. The study examined healing and final outcome after @entity6029 treatment among @entity1 with @entity6 . During a 22-month period, 15 consecutive @entity1 with a total of 17 @entity1066 started treatment with a @entity6029 . Three @entity1 (three @entity1066 ) were lost to @entity12652 ( @entity12652 ). Average @entity12652 was 91 weeks. The @entity1 were followed with emphasis on healing, complications during @entity12652 , footwear, compliance, and frequency of visits. All @entity1066 healed, some after additional surgery. During @entity12652 , control visits were performed at an average of one visit every 4.7 weeks. Notwithstanding this, a high frequency of @entity1066 and/or other complications was noticed. Only four @entity1 out of 12 remained without any new ( @entity1066 ) problem during @entity12652 . @entity6029 proved to be a very efficient tool to heal @entity1411 , but the recurrence rate and frequency of other complications remained very high. These data show how difficult it is to achieve reliable (secondary) preventive general foot care, and to prescribe and manufacture reliable footwear.

title: Outcome and recurrence rate of diabetic foot ulcers treated by a total contact cast: short-term XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer recurrence', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic foot ulcers']

entities_list: @entity6029 :: ('MESH:D013478', 'Disease') :: ['TCC', 'Total contact cast']

answer: @entity12652 :: (MESH:C537491,Disease) :: ['follow-up']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity9965 , @entity10360 and @entity10362 are minichromosome maintenance proteins found in dividing cells and they play a role in DNA synthesis. Increased @entity21212 expression level is observed in cells of different @entity5 types. Additionally, metallothioneins ( @entity40173 ) are involved in control of cell proliferation and differentiation and changes of their expression are observed in many types of @entity5 . Ki-67 is known @entity5 cell proliferation antigen currently used in prognostic evaluation. The study material consisted of 83 @entity1544 ( @entity1544 ) cases and 10 benign @entity75 of larynx epithelium as a control group. For the present study, @entity5 cell line HEp-2 and @entity1 keratinocytes were employed, and to evaluate expression of all the markers, immunohistochemical method (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF) and western blot analysis were used. Statistical analysis showed strong positive correlation between expression of @entity9965 , @entity10360 , @entity10362 and Ki-67 antigen in @entity1544 . Additionally, moderate positive correlation was observed between @entity10360 and @entity40173 expression. In @entity5 cells, the level of expression of @entity10360 , @entity9965 , @entity10362 and Ki-67 markers was increasing with the grade of @entity1544 . IF and western blot analysis showed higher @entity9965 , @entity10360 , @entity10362 expression in HEp-2 cells in comparison to their expression in keratinocytes. @entity21212 proteins might be useful markers of cell proliferation in @entity1544 .

title: Correlation between levels of expression of minichromosome maintenance proteins, Ki-67 proliferation antigen and metallothionein I/II in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['LSCC', 'LSCC malignancy', 'laryngeal squamous cell cancer']

answer: @entity1544 :: (MESH:D018307,Disease) :: ['laryngeal squamous cell cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity296 is one important cause of @entity712 in Latin America. @entity67 may be a factor of decompensation in the course of this disease, but there are no data on its prevalence and its main prognostic implications yet. OBJECTIVE: Describe prevalence and prognostic value of @entity67 in @entity296 . METHODS: 56 @entity1 with @entity296 were consecutively selected by two positive serologies and an ejection fraction < 45% in the echocardiogram. The echocardiogram evaluated the presence of @entity1757 using 3 criteria and @entity22286 using 1 criterion. @entity1 were followed for 21    14 months and @entity299 were defined as the combination of death and hospitalization. RESULTS: The average age of the population was 56    10 years, 50% males. Mean ejection fraction was 30    8% and 87% presented functional class I/II (NYHA). The prevalence of @entity22286 was 34% (95% CI: 22%-48%) and @entity1757 had a prevalence of 85% (95% CI: 75%-93%). The prevalence of @entity1757 was similar among @entity1 with QRS duration < 0.12 s or > 0.12 s (85% and 89%, respectively, p = 0.66). Twenty events were recorded. The incidence of combined events was similar in @entity1 with or without @entity1757 (35% versus 38%, p = 0.9) and those with or without @entity22286 (39% versus 34%, p = 0.73). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity296 have high intraventricular and moderate interventricular prevalence of dyssynchrony. The high prevalence is independent from the QRS width. The @entity67 does not have any prognostic value in @entity1 with @entity296 .

title: Prevalence and prognostic value of XXXX in @entity296 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Chagas cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular dyssynchrony']

entities_list: @entity22286 :: ('MESH:C563239', 'Disease') :: ['interventricular dyssynchrony']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular dyssynchrony', 'ventricular dyssynchrony']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['ventricular dyssynchrony']


abstract: The @entity55567 is an infrequently diagnosed impressive psychosomatosis. The @entity1 (exclusively female) suffering from this disorder are described as "angry young @entity1 ". They are considered hysterical, masochistic, @entity308 , hostile and timid. Physically the syndrome is characterized by atypical, @entity158 , apparently spontaneous skin bleeding in young @entity1 and these @entity1 look like they have been beaten, injured or are seriously ill. Besides @entity1410 , @entity548 , uterine @entity548 , @entity10 or unconsciousness as well as numerous symptoms of conversion in the narrower sense of the word have been observed, e.g. loss speech, gait deviation, or feelings of discomfort. To this day the pathophysiological peculiarity that enables the @entity1 to transform subconscious @entity6110 events into the specific temporary alteration in the permeability of the capillary walls being a constitutional variant characteristic of females suffering from @entity55567 and activated by @entity6110 stimuli. In the case history presented, the problem is the @entity6110 working out of narcissistic injuries in the context of a borderline structure. These injuries turn into physical symptoms analogous to the process of conversion. Since, in this case, there is no question of a defense against @entity34038 to speak of a "narcissistic conversion". Quite peculiar is the universally described resemblance of the @entity1 to one another. The syndrome, together with the character and psychodynamic features, is repeated in almost a stereotypical manner. An explanation for this phenomenon cannot be expected even from the discovery of a pathophysiological detail in the blood vessels. Rather, we are confronted with one of those extremely rare syndromes where, in a limited field, physical and @entity6110 events are completely blended. The physical events such as affects and defense mechanisms for which they can be substituted at random and without mutual interference. It is as though these disorders had retained a phylogenetically lost unity and primeval capability of interchanging @entity6110 and somatic structures and, so to speak, preserved them in the manner of a museum. These syndromes make us surmise that in processes of somatization a recourse to ancient, long-faded psychosomatic relationships may play a certain role.

title: [Borderline structure and @entity158 XXXX : a case of @entity55567 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'renal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity55567 :: ('MESH:C535645', 'Disease') :: ['Gardner-Diamond Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity34038 :: ('MESH:C567128', 'Disease') :: ['oedipal fantasies one would prefer']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['skin hemorrhages']


abstract: A significant number of @entity1 receive either an unlicensed or an off-label drug during their stay in hospital. Studies throughout Europe have shown that at least one-third of @entity1 in hospital and up to 90% of neonates in a neonatal intensive care unit receive such drug prescriptions. The medicines that are most frequently used off-label include analgesics, antibiotics and bronchodilators. The purpose of licensing a drug is to ensure safety, efficacy and quality. If a drug is used in a different manner, one would expect a greater risk of @entity137 . Only three studies have commented on the risk of @entity137 in relation to unlicensed or off-label drug use. Only one of these three studies prospectively tried to evaluate the risk associated with off-label and unlicensed drug prescription. This study suggested that the percentage of unlicensed and off-label drug use was significantly associated with the risk of an @entity137 . Two studies looking at @entity137 suggest that there is a greater risk of a severe @entity137 occurring in association with the off-label or unlicensed use of drugs. One study found that five out of eight severe @entity137 were associated with the off-label use of a medicine. The other study found that 14 of 19 drug prescriptions associated with 17 severe @entity137 were either unlicensed or off-label. The risk of prescribing off-label and unlicensed drugs in @entity1 is not clear from the limited data available.

title: Unlicensed and off-label drug use in XXXX : implications for safety.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'adverse drug reaction', 'adverse drug reactions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Having identified a disease-associated @entity8695 mutation in a @entity1 with @entity6391 ( @entity6391 ), the issue is to address the question of whether to offer genetic testing to at-risk family members. Two members of a South African (SA) family, one of whom suffers from @entity6391 , as well as 54 unrelated SA @entity6391 @entity1 from the same population group were investigated using single-stranded conformational polymorphism analysis followed by DNA sequencing. A rare homozygous mutation at the intron-exon boundary of exon 4 in the @entity8695 gene was identified in the proband. One of his siblings was found to be heterozygous for the same mutation. The mutation was not detected in the 54 unrelated SA @entity6391 @entity1 examined, 11 of whom were sporadic cases. A low incidence of @entity6391 amongst heterozygous carriers of this mutation has been reported; however, in the past it has been unclear whether the mutation has an effect in single copy or dual copy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that this mutation has been reported as homozygous in an affected individual, thereby resolving the issue and confirming that it is a recessive disease-associated mutation. This is also the first @entity989 -causing @entity8695 mutation that has been identified in Southern Africa. Analysis of the extended pedigree indicated obligate heterozygous carriers of the mutation, without obvious signs of @entity227 in early adulthood. The extent to which potential heterozygous carriers should be pursued and clinically examined is discussed and the question is addressed as to whether to inform the family of these molecular findings.

title: A rare homozygous XXXX splice-site mutation: the issue of when and whether to offer presymptomatic testing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa', 'RP']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive RP disease']

answer: @entity8695 :: (6010,Gene) :: ['rhodopsin']