abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity6948 ( @entity15093 ), as intrathecal adjuvant has been shown to successfully prolong duration of @entity1337 but delay the motor recovery. Hence, this study was designed to find out the dose of @entity15093 which can provide satisfactory @entity1337 without prolonging @entity616 . METHODS: A total of 50 @entity1 scheduled for elective perianal surgeries were randomly allocated to Groups C or D (n = 25). Group D received hyperbaric @entity1341 0.5% 4 mg + @entity15093 5  g and Group C received hyperbaric @entity1341 0.5% 4 mg + @entity15093 3  g intrathecally. Onset and duration of sensory and motor blockade, duration of @entity1337 , time for ambulation and first urination were recorded. Adverse effects if any were noted. RESULTS: Demographic characters, duration of surgery were comparable. The onset of sensory block to S1 was 9.61    5.53 min in Group C compared to 7.69    4.80 min in Group D (P = 0.35). Duration of sensory (145.28    83.17 min - C, 167.85    93.75 min - D, P = 0.5) and @entity616 (170.53    73.44 min - C, 196.14    84.28 min, P = 0.39) were comparable. Duration of @entity1337 (337.86    105.11 min - C, 340.78    101.81 min - D, P = 0.9) and time for ambulation (252.46    93.72 min - C, 253.64    88.04 min - D, P = 0.97) were also comparable. One @entity1 in each group had urinary retention requiring catheterization. No other side effects were observed. CONCLUSION: Intrathecal @entity15093 3  g dose does not produce faster ambulation compared to intrathecal @entity15093 5  g though it produces comparable duration of @entity1337 for perianal surgeries.

title: Comparative study of two doses of intrathecal XXXX as adjuvant with low dose hyperbaric @entity1341 in ambulatory perianal surgeries: A prospective randomised controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexmedetomidine']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['motor block']

answer: @entity6948 :: (MESH:D020927,Chemical) :: ['dexmedetomidine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to determine the safety, efficacy, and performance of @entity2636 -covered Wallstents in the treatment of @entity5 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This pilot study included 30 @entity1 with @entity5 . Palliative decompression of the obstructed bile duct was attempted with a @entity2636 -covered Wallstent that is a prototype. @entity1 with @entity3885 were excluded. All stents were inserted percutaneously. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to determine stent patency. RESULTS: Effective biliary decompression was achieved in all @entity1 initially. No acute stent-related complications occurred. The 30-day mortality rate was 20%. During follow-up, 11 stent occlusions occurred; therefore, the occlusion rate was 37%. The patency rates after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months were 96%, 69%, 47%, and 31%, respectively. Tumor growth through the stent covering that was proven both histologically and by biopsy observed in two @entity1 , causing @entity432 in one of them. Other reasons for @entity432 were @entity5 ingrowth (n = 1) and biopsy-proven granulation tissue inside the stent (n = 2). Otherwise, the reasons for @entity432 remained unclear. CONCLUSION: This prototype of a covered stent did not provide better results than did conventional uncovered stents in @entity1 with @entity5 . The covering did not effectively prevent @entity5 ingrowth in at least two @entity1 . The stent also seems prone to premature occlusion.

title: Treatment of @entity5 with XXXX -covered Wallstents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'distal tumor', 'malignant biliary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['hilar obstructions']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['stent occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2636 :: ('MESH:D011140', 'Chemical') :: ['polyurethane']

answer: @entity2636 :: (MESH:D011140,Chemical) :: ['polyurethane']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate associations between @entity28 measures and @entity387 severity among White, Black, Hispanic, and Chinese Americans. METHODS: The method used in this study was a community-based cross-sectional study of 2053 racially/ethnically diverse adults in the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 . Anthropometry and polysomnography were used to measure @entity28 and @entity27 ( @entity27 ). Linear regression models were fitted to investigate associations of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference with @entity27 (log transformed) with adjustment for sociodemographics, lifestyle factors, and comorbidities. RESULTS: The mean @entity1 age was 68.4 (range: 54-93) years; 53.6% of @entity1 were @entity1 . The median @entity27 was 9.1 events/h. There were significant associations of BMI and waist circumference with @entity27 in the overall cohort and within each racial/ethnic group. A significant interaction was observed between race/ethnicity and BMI (Pinteraction   =   0.017). Models predicted that for each unit increase in BMI (kg/m(2)), the mean @entity27 increased by 19.7% for Chinese, 11.6% for Whites and Blacks, and 10.5% for Hispanics. Similarly, incremental changes in waist circumference were associated with larger increases in @entity27 among Chinese than among other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Associations of BMI and waist circumference with @entity27 were stronger among Chinese than among other racial/ethnic groups. These findings highlight a potential emergence of elevated @entity387 prevalence occurring in association with increasing @entity28 in Asian populations.

title: Racial/ethnic differences in the associations between XXXX measures and severity of @entity387 : the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep-disordered breathing']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea index', 'AHI']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided percutaneous @entity1068 ablation for the management of benign thyroid cysts. STUDY DESIGN: In this prospective study, 40 @entity1 with fine-needle aspiration cytology-proven benign thyroid cysts underwent @entity167 ablation. Sonographically, 24 nodules were predominantly cystic (simple cysts), and 16 showed both solid and cystic elements ( @entity45 ). The cyst fluid was aspirated, and an amount of sterile 95% @entity1068 equivalent to approximately 50% of the aspirated fluid was injected. Initially, a 20-gauge needle on a 20 ml syringe was used. Later, a three-way cannula was used in which one port was used for aspiration of the cyst fluid and the other for injection of the alcohol. RESULTS: The pretreatment volume of the cysts was 5.8-18.5 ml (mean (SD) 12.26 (3.6)). Cyst volume after treatment was 0-8 ml (mean (SD) 3.73 (2.8)). Ten cysts had disappeared completely after treatment. Cosmetic symptoms disappeared in 90% of the @entity1 . Twenty-four @entity1 complained of a @entity809 at the injection site. The use of the three-way cannula helped to decrease the procedure time by decreasing the chances of needle displacement. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound-guided @entity1068 ablation is a safe, highly effective, relatively rapid treatment modality that is both @entity1 and surgeon friendly and should be considered as the treatment of choice for benign cystic thyroid nodules.

title: Non-surgical management of benign thyroid cysts: use of ultrasound-guided XXXX ablation.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['local burning sensation']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['complex cysts']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Species showing complex life cycles provide excellent opportunities to study the genetic associations between life cycle stages, as selective pressures may differ before and after metamorphosis. The @entity4715 presents a complex life cycle with two metamorphoses, a first metamorphosis from larvae into glass eels (juvenile stage) and a second metamorphosis into @entity575 eels (adult stage). We tested the hypothesis that different genes and gene pathways will be under selection at different life stages when comparing the genetic associations between glass eels and @entity575 eels. RESULTS: We used two sets of markers to test for selection: first, we genotyped individuals using a panel of 80 coding-gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) developed in @entity35465 ; second, we investigated selection at the genome level using a total of 153,423 RAD-sequencing generated SNPs widely distributed across the genome. Using the RAD approach, outlier tests identified a total of 2413 (1.57  %) potentially selected SNPs. Functional annotation analysis identified signal transduction pathways as the most over-represented group of genes, including MAPK/Erk signalling, @entity460 signalling and GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) signalling. Many of the over-represented pathways were related to growth, while others could result from the different conditions that eels inhabit during their life cycle. CONCLUSIONS: The observation of different genes and gene pathways under selection when comparing glass eels vs. @entity575 eels supports the adaptive decoupling hypothesis for the benefits of metamorphosis. Partitioning the life cycle into discrete morphological phases may be overall beneficial since it allows the different life stages to respond independently to their unique selection pressures. This might translate into a more effective use of food and niche resources and/or performance of phase-specific tasks (e.g. feeding in the case of glass eels, migrating and reproducing in the case of @entity575 eels).

title: Signatures of natural selection between life cycle stages separated by metamorphosis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4715 :: ('7936', 'Species') :: ['European eel']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity4715 :: (7936,Species) :: ['European eel']


abstract: @entity3110 is one of the routinely used drugs as the first line of antitubercular agents. The delayed onset of @entity2194 is usually thought to be reversible following rapid withdrawal of the drug. We collected ten consecutive @entity1 with severe @entity227 due to @entity3110 @entity137 , and these @entity1 had received presumably safe @entity3110 dosages. Although @entity3110 was stopped immediately in all cases, only five @entity1 (50%) experienced visual improvement after a period of 12 months to 3 years follow-up. The other five @entity1 (50%) had permanent @entity227 without recovery. There were no predisposing or risk factors to contribute to poor visual outcome. In the group over 60 years old, only 20% (1/5) experienced visual improvement; in the group less than 60 years old, 80% (4/5) had some visual recovery, the difference between these two age groups being statistically significant. We need more @entity1 collections to answer whether the older @entity1 with @entity3110 @entity1781 have poor prognoses. @entity3110 @entity1781 , in our follow-up study, is not always reversible, especially in the older population. It may cause permanent @entity227 . There is no so-called "safe-dosage". We suggest reconsideration regarding the use of @entity3110 as one of the first-line antitubercular drugs, especially in older @entity1 .

title: Reversibility of XXXX @entity1781 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3110 :: ('MESH:D004977', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethambutol hydrochloride', 'ethambutol', 'Ethambutol']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular toxicity']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual disability', 'visual defects', 'visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuropathy']

answer: @entity3110 :: (MESH:D004977,Chemical) :: ['ethambutol']


abstract: PURPOSE: Bowel function may be disturbed after intestinal segments are used in urinary reconstruction. The etiology of this condition and its incidence in different @entity1 groups is unclear. We studied the incidence of bowel disturbance in @entity1 who underwent bladder replacement, continent diversion, enterocystoplasty for @entity1344 and ileal conduit diversion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated 71 @entity1 after ileal conduit diversion and 82 after bladder reconstruction, including clam enterocystoplasty for @entity1344 in 28, @entity1494 in 26 and nonneuropathic conditions in 28. We noted the severity of symptoms, such as frequency of defecation, @entity294 , @entity11634 , fecal urgency, @entity1241 and @entity294 , as well as quality of life. RESULTS: Of the @entity1 who underwent bladder reconstruction 24% had symptoms of @entity29 preoperatively and 42% of those who were asymptomatic preoperatively described new bowel symptoms postoperatively. These symptoms were most common and severe in 54% of @entity1 after clam enterocystoplasty for @entity1344 compared to 26% with @entity16 , 14% with a @entity12042 and 15% with an ileal conduit. Compared to those in other groups @entity1 who underwent enterocystoplasty for @entity1344 had a significantly higher incidence of @entity717 (18 versus less than 4%, p <0.01), @entity11634 (29 versus less than 8%, p <0.01), fecal urgency (39 versus less than 12%, p <0.001) and @entity1241 (32 versus less than 16%, p <0.001). The length of ileum used for clam enterocystoplasty was only slightly greater than that used for ileal conduit operations (25 versus 18 cm.). Of the @entity1 who underwent enterocystoplasty for @entity1344 29% regretted undergoing the procedure due to subsequent bowel symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: After enterocystoplasty for @entity1344 @entity1 are at risk of significant bowel symptoms. The development of new bowel symptoms was associated with poor @entity1 satisfaction.

title: XXXX after bladder reconstruction.

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['nocturnal bowel movements']

entities_list: @entity12042 :: ('MESH:C538249', 'Disease') :: ['nonneuropathic condition']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic bladder dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['nocturnal diarrhea', 'explosive diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['bowel dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity11634 :: ('MESH:D005414', 'Disease') :: ['flatus leakage']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic detrusor instability', 'detrusor instability']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['Bowel dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To diagnose and characterize the perianal @entity66 using Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a hilly and @entity4324 . MATERIAL/METHODS: This prospective hospital based study was conducted for a period of one year from April 2014 to April 2015 in the departments of Radiodiagnosis and Surgery of our institute. A total of 50 consecutive @entity1 presenting with perianal @entity66 fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study and taken up for MRI. The perianal fistulae were classified according to St James University hospital classification and tracks were assessed with regard to anatomical plane, length, ramifications, abscess formation, enteric communication, external cutaneous opening, enhancement and suprasphincteric extension. Surgical correlation was done in 31 @entity1 who opted for surgical treatment. Rest of the 19 @entity1 preferred alternative medicine for treatment or chose to postpone their surgery. RESULTS: The disease was much more prevalent in males in comparison to females with male to female ratio of 24:1. Grade 4 was the most common type of @entity292 (34%) while Grade 5 was the least common type (4%).MRI showed a high sensitivity of 93.7% and positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) of 96.7% when correlated with surgical findings. A substantial number of @entity1 (38%) preferred alternative medicine or non surgical form of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: MRI is a very sensitive modality for the evaluation of perianal @entity292 . In our study group, the disease predominantly affected middle aged @entity1 . Ramifications and abscesses were commonly seen, affecting nearly half of the @entity1 and majority of the @entity1 had active fistulous tracks with posteriorly located enteric opening. Overall, transsphincteric fistulae were most common. Significant number of @entity1 avoided surgery or showed preference for non surgical treatment.

title: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Characterization of Perianal XXXX in a Rural Based Tertiary Hospital of North India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['fistulous disease']

entities_list: @entity4324 :: ('MESH:C567261', 'Disease') :: ['rural area of North India']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Fistulous Disease']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Cell therapies for inherited @entity121 are based on the implantation of normal or genetically corrected myogenic cells into the body. This review summarizes the recent progress in this field, systematized according to the factors important for success. RECENT FINDINGS: In the choice of donor cells, myoblasts derived from satellite cells remain the best choice. Some studies on the population of muscle-derived stem cells in @entity19 suggested that these cells may have some advantages over myoblasts; however, no results supporting this advantage have been presented in a primate model. Recent studies on bone marrow transplantation as a systemic source of myogenic precursors for the treatment of @entity121 were disappointing. Concerning donor cell delivery, intramuscular myoblast injection remains the only way that can significantly introduce exogenous myogenic cells into the muscles. A recent study in primates showed some parameters of myoblast injection that could be useful in the @entity1 . Progress was made in @entity19 to understand the factors that could favor the migration of the donor myoblasts in the host muscles. Concerning donor cell survival, analysis of immune cell infiltration dynamics allowed a better understanding of the factors implicated in early donor cell death. Progress was made on the control of acute rejection for myoblast transplantation in primates. So far, few @entity19 experiments have advanced the field of tolerance induction toward myogenic cells. SUMMARY: Myoblast transplantation (intramuscular injection of satellite cell-derived myoblasts) currently remains the only cell-based therapy that has produced promising results in the context of a preclinical model such as the nonhuman primate.

title: Cell therapies for inherited XXXX .

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathies']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['myopathies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Guidelines for @entity5 management include nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs with opioids administered in a time-contingent manner. This study was designed to evaluate the role of oral @entity3652 or transdermal @entity1242 polymer, a @entity842 donor, as coadjuvants to oral @entity1286 in @entity5 therapy. METHODS: After institutional approval and informed @entity1 consent were obtained, 60 @entity1 with @entity5 were randomized to one of four groups (n = 15) and studied prospectively to evaluate @entity1337 and any adverse effects. A visual analog scale that consisted of a 10-cm line with 0 representing "no @entity158 at all" and 10 representing "the worst possible @entity158 " was introduced. All @entity1 were regularly taking oral @entity3659 50 mg at bedtime. The @entity1286 regimen was adjusted individually to a maximal oral dose of 80-90 mg/day to keep the visual analog scale score less than 4. When @entity1 reported @entity158 (visual analog scale of 4 or more), despite taking 80-90 mg oral @entity1286 daily, the test drug was added as follows: the control group (CG) received an additional 20 mg oral @entity1286 (10 mg at 12-h intervals); the @entity1242 group (NG) received a 5-mg @entity1242 patch daily; the @entity3652 group (KG) received 0.5 mg/kg oral @entity3652 at 12-h intervals; and the @entity10964 group (DG) received 500 mg oral @entity10964 at 6-h intervals. @entity1 were free to manipulate their daily @entity1286 consumption when the test drug was introduced to keep their visual analog scale score less than 4. RESULTS: The groups were similar with respect to demographic data and visual analog scale @entity158 scores before treatment. The visual analog scale scores after the test drug was introduced were similar among the groups. The daily consumption of oral @entity1286 was as follows: on day 15: CG = DG = NG (P > 0.05), CG > KG (P = 0.036); on day 20: CG > NG = KG (P < 0.02) (CG > KG, P < 0.005; CG > NG, P < 0.02), DG > KG (P < 0.05); on day 30: CG = DG > KG = NG (P < 0.05). @entity1 in the CG and DG groups reported @entity2147 , but @entity1 in the NG and KG groups did not. CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose @entity3652 and transdermal @entity1242 were effective coadjuvant analgesics. In conjunction with their opioid tolerance-sparing function, joint delivery of @entity3652 or @entity842 donors with opiates may be of significant benefit in @entity5 management.

title: Oral @entity3652 and transdermal @entity1242 as analgesic adjuvants to oral @entity1286 therapy for XXXX management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3659 :: ('MESH:D000639', 'Chemical') :: ['amitriptyline']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['somnolence']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the relationship between foveal thickness assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and foveal function measured with multi focal electroretinography (mfERG) in @entity1 with non-proliferative @entity6 , and with no previous laser treatment. METHODS: Twenty-six eyes from 18 @entity6 @entity1 (13 @entity1 ), aged 59 years, (range 28-79 years), @entity6 duration 15 years, (range 2-27 years), with a macular thickness between 200 and 600 microm were evaluated by mfERG, visual acuity (ETDRS score) and OCT. Mean amplitudes and implicit times of the mfERG responses were analyzed within the four innermost (14 degrees) of the six concentric rings. For comparison with the results from the OCT (diameter of measured area = 6 mm) we analyzed the summed response from the first and second ring (central zone), corresponding to the central area of the OCT. The third(zone 2) and fourth (zone 3)of the four innermost of the six concentric rings measured by the mfERG corresponding to the second and third area of OCT. RESULTS: An increased macular thickness in the central area of the OCT correlated to reduced amplitudes (r = -0.541; P = 0.004) and prolonged implicit times (r = 0.548; P = 0.004) in the central zone of the mfERG, and inversely correlated with visual acuity, -0.49; P = 0.045. Retinal thickness in the second area was correlated to prolonged implicit times in the second mfERG zone (r = -0.416; P = 0.034). No correlations were found for the third area of the OCT. When macular thickness exceeded 300 mum the decrease of amplitudes and prolonged implicit times, measured by mfERG, seemed to be more pronounced. CONCLUSION: In conclusion increased macular thickness is correlated with reduced amplitudes and prolonged implicit times on the mf ERG and worse visual acuity.

title: In XXXX , foveal thickness of 300 mum seems to correlate with functionally significant loss of vision.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetic retinopathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic retinopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Two definitions of T1 hypointense (T1H) lesions can be derived from pre-contrast images: those that may or may not have a corresponding @entity2287 -enhancing correlate on post-contrast images (T1H total), and those that are simultaneously non- @entity2287 -enhancing on post-contrast scans (T1H non-enhancing). To determine the differences in lesion evolution between these two T1H definitions, we examined the effect of @entity1638 40 mg/mL three times weekly subcutaneous injection (GA40) on the number of new or enlarging T1H total and T1H non-enhancing lesions in @entity1 with relapsing-remitting @entity15 (RRMS). METHODS: The Phase III GALA study randomized 1404 RRMS subjects 2:1 to receive GA40 or placebo for 12 months. MRI scans were obtained at baseline and at months 6 and 12. Cumulative numbers of T1H total and of T1H non-enhancing lesions were analyzed using an adjusted negative binomial regression model. A total of 1,357 @entity1 had MRI data collected at either the month 6 or month 12 visit. RESULTS: Among the 1,357 @entity1 with MRI scans performed at either the month 6 or month 12 visit, 883 treated with GA40 developed an adjusted cumulative mean of 1.72 T1H total lesions versus 2.62 in 440 placebo controls (risk ratio, .66; 95% CI, .54-.80; P < .0001). On T1H non-enhanced scans, GA40-treated @entity1 developed an adjusted cumulative mean of 1.35 T1H non-enhancing lesions versus 1.91 in placebo controls (risk ratio, .71; CI, .58-.87; P = .0009). CONCLUSIONS: GA40 significantly reduced the number of new or enlarging T1H total lesions and T1H non-enhancing lesions compared with placebo. Although the treatment effect magnitude was comparable with both definitions, the use of T1H non-enhancing lesions may be more relevant for more uniform standardization in future clinical trials.

title: The Effect of Three Times a Week Glatiramer Acetate on Cerebral T1 Hypointense Lesions in Relapsing-Remitting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1638 :: ('MESH:C089995', 'Chemical') :: ['glatiramer acetate']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['Multiple Sclerosis']


abstract: In acute stage of @entity385 , the surrounding zone of fresh @entity1188 is termed penumbra, where microglia are activated in response to damaged cell-derived proinflammatory mediators. Rescuing penumbra by regulating inflammatory activity would minimize @entity1188 volume, which positively correlates with functional outcome. To elucidate mechanisms by which inflammation occurs in penumbra, we performed immunohistochemical investigations using autopsied @entity1 brains affected by acute, subacute and chronic stages of @entity385 as well as cell culture experiments using a @entity19 microglia-derived cell line (BV-2). In penumbra of fresh @entity1188 , immunoreactivity for @entity35011 ( @entity35011 ), which is responsible for the production and release of the proinflammatory mediator @entity6579 ( @entity15002 ), was intensely detected in neurons and astrocytes. Furthermore, immunoreactivities for the LPC receptors G protein-coupled receptor 132 ( @entity47112 ) and P2X purinoreceptor 7 (P2X7R), as well as the CC chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 ( @entity2842 ) and its receptor @entity9172 , were detectable in activated microglia. Prior to cell culture experiments, it was confirmed that BV-2 cells were immunoreactive for ionized @entity141 -binding adaptor molecule 1 ( @entity11654 ), @entity47112 , P2X7R, @entity2842 and @entity9172 . Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that @entity2842 and @entity9172 mRNA expression levels were significantly increased by LPC stimulation. The LPC-driven increase in @entity2842 transcripts was lowered by blockade of @entity47112 or P2X7R or by inhibition of Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) or inhibitor of kBa kinase. The LPC-driven increase in @entity9172 transcripts was lowered by blockade of @entity47112 or P2X7R or by inhibition of ROCK, phosphatidylinositide 3-kinanse, extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase, or @entity1435 mitogen-activated protein kinase. The present results provide in vivo and in vitro evidence that in acute stage of @entity385 , the @entity35011 enzyme product LPC is released from neurons and astrocytes and stimulates penumbra microglia via @entity47112 and P2X7R, thereby exerting the @entity2842 / @entity9172 -mediated @entity2359 through distinct cell-signaling pathways.

title: Activated microglia in @entity385 penumbra upregulate @entity2842 and XXXX expression in response to @entity6579 derived from adjacent neurons and astrocytes.

entities_list: @entity6579 :: ('MESH:D008244', 'Chemical') :: ['lysophosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity35011 :: ('8399', 'Gene') :: ['secretory phospholipase A2 group X', 'sPLA2 -X']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity9172 :: (729230,Gene) :: ['CCR2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We conducted a multiinstitutional phase II study of @entity416 in combination with @entity1206 and trastuzumab in @entity1 eligible to receive first- or second-line treatment for @entity1 epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 ( @entity1722 )-positive ( @entity1722 (+)) @entity0 ( @entity0 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: The study was designed to test that the true confirmed response rate (CRR) was at most 45% vs. a true CRR of at least 65%. Between March 2005 and June 2008, eligible @entity1 received @entity416 825 mg/m   orally on days 1 to 14, @entity1206 25 mg/m   intravenously on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks, and trastuzumab 8 mg/kg intravenously on day 1 week 1 and 6 mg/kg every 3 weeks. The main outcome measure was CRR. RESULTS: Of 47 @entity1 accrued, 45 were evaluable. This design required at least 25 confirmed responses in the 45 evaluable @entity1 for the treatment to be considered promising. Thirty @entity1 (67%) achieved a confirmed response; 25 @entity1 (56%) had a confirmed partial response (PR); 5 @entity1 (11%) had confirmed complete responses (CRs). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 11.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.4-16.7 months). Median overall survival was 28.5 months (95% CI, 24.8-36.4 months). CONCLUSIONS: This triplet combination demonstrated promising activity in @entity1 with @entity1722 (+) @entity0 .

title: Phase II interventional study (N0337) of XXXX in combination with @entity1206 and trastuzumab for first- or second-line treatment of @entity1722 -positive @entity0 : a north central cancer treatment group trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic breast cancer', 'MBC']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

answer: @entity416 :: (MESH:C110904,Chemical) :: ['capecitabine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity301 ( @entity301 ) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity454 ( @entity454 ). Prevention of @entity301 in @entity454 requires identification and treatment of coronary risk factors in @entity740 ( @entity740 ). METHODS: We evaluated the prevalence of "traditional coronary risk factors" in @entity740 in 1,795 @entity1 enrolled in the baseline period of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) Study. Using a cross-sectional design, we determined the relationship of these risk factors to the level of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and @entity644 . We also predicted the @entity301 risk in the @entity8 Study baseline cohort using the coronary point score. RESULTS: 64.0% had blood pressure > or = 130/85 mmHg despite antihypertensive therapy. 64.2% had LDL @entity165 > or = 130 mg/dl, while 38.3% had HDL @entity165 < 35 mg/dl. After adjustment for age, gender and the presence of @entity6 , GFR was inversely associated with systolic blood pressure and positively associated with HDL @entity165 , but not associated with total or LDL @entity165 . After adjustment for age. gender and the presence of @entity6 , @entity644 was positively associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total serum @entity165 and LDL @entity165 , and inversely associated with HDL @entity165 . Nonetheless, the predicted @entity301 risk, even at a very low GFR, was similar to the risk in the general population and lower than the observed rate of de novo @entity301 in incident dialysis @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: "Traditional coronary risk factors" are highly prevalent in @entity740 and vary with the level of renal function. However, the coronary point score does not appear to explain the extent of increased @entity301 risk in @entity454 . Non-traditional risk factors may also contribute to @entity301 in @entity454 .

title: Cardiovascular disease risk factors in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['MDRD', 'Modification of Diet in Renal Disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'Coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal insufficiency', 'CRI']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic renal insufficiency']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Controversy exists regarding surgery for true short oesophagus (TSOE). We compared the results of thoracoscopic Collis gastroplasty-laparoscopic Nissen procedure for the treatment of TSOE with the results of standard laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. METHODS: Between 1995 and 2013, the Collis-Nissen procedure was performed in 65 @entity1 who underwent minimally invasive surgery when the length of the abdominal oesophagus, measured intraoperatively after maximal oesophageal mediastinal mobilization, was  <=1.5 cm. The results of the Collis-Nissen procedure were frequency-matched according to age, sex and period of surgical treatment with those of 65 standard Nissen fundoplication procedures in @entity1 with a length of the abdominal oesophagus >1.5 cm. Postoperative mortality and morbidity were evaluated according to the Accordion classification. The @entity1 underwent a timed clinical-instrumental follow-up that included symptoms assessment, barium swallow and endoscopy. Symptoms, @entity354 and global results were graded according to semi-quantitative scales. The results were considered to be excellent in the absence of symptoms and @entity354 , good if symptoms occurred two to four times a month in the absence of @entity354 , fair if symptoms occurred two to four times a week in the presence of hyperaemia, @entity4 and/or microscopic @entity354 and poor if symptoms occurred on a daily basis in the presence of any grade of endoscopic @entity354 , @entity357 of any size or type, or the need for antireflux medical therapy. The follow-up time was calculated from the time of surgery to the last complete follow-up. RESULTS: The postoperative mortality rate was 1.5% for the Collis-Nissen and 0 for the Nissen procedure. The postoperative complication rate was 24% for the Collis-Nissen and 7% for Nissen (P = 0.001) procedure. The complication rate for the Collis-Nissen procedure was 43% in the first 32 cases and 6% in the last 33 cases (P < 0.0001). The median follow-up period was 96 months. The results were: excellent in 27% of Collis-Nissen and 29% of Nissen; good in 64% of Collis-Nissen and 55% of Nissen; fair in 3% of Collis-Nissen and 11% of Nissen and poor in 6% of Collis-Nissen and 5% of Nissen (P = 0.87). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 affected by a TSOE, the Collis-Nissen procedure may achieve equally satisfactory results as the standard Nissen procedure in uncomplicated @entity1 . CLINICAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02288988.

title: Results of left thoracoscopic Collis gastroplasty with laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication for the surgical treatment of true short oesophagus in XXXX and @entity357 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['hiatal hernia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['oesophagitis']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastro-oesophageal reflux disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few studies on cost of caring for @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity195 ) have simultaneously considered multiple dimensions of disease costs and detailed clinical characteristics. OBJECTIVE: To estimate empirically the incremental effects of @entity1 ' clinical characteristics on disease costs. METHODS: Data are derived from the baseline visit of 180 @entity1 in the Predictors Study, a large, multicenter cohort of @entity1 with probable @entity195 followed from early stages of the disease. All @entity1 initially lived at home, in retirement homes, or in assisted living facilities. Costs of direct medical care included hospitalizations, outpatient treatment and procedures, assistive devices, and medications. Costs of direct nonmedical care included home health aides, respite care, and adult day care. Indirect costs were measured by caregiving time. @entity1 ' clinical characteristics included cognitive status, functional capacity, @entity716 , @entity146 , @entity308 , extrapyramidal signs, comorbidities, and duration of illness. RESULTS: A 1-point increase in the Blessed @entity303 Rating Scale score was associated with a  1,411 increase in direct medical costs and a  2,718 increase in unpaid caregiving costs. Direct medical costs also were  3,777 higher among subjects with @entity308 than among those who were not depressed. CONCLUSIONS: Medical care costs and unpaid caregiving costs relate differently to @entity1 ' clinical characteristics. Poorer functional status is associated with higher medical care costs and unpaid caregiving costs. Interventions may be particularly useful if targeted in the areas of basic and instrumental activities of daily living.

title: Clinical features associated with costs in early XXXX : baseline data from the Predictors Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral problems']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Alzheimer disease']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['AD']


abstract: Organogenesis occurs through cell division, expansion, and differentiation. How these cellular processes are coordinated remains elusive. The @entity2829 ( @entity2829 ) leaf provides a robust system to study cellular differentiation due to its distinct tissues and cell types. The narrow odd dwarf (nod) mutant displays defects at both the cellular and tissue level that increase in severity throughout growth. nod mutant leaves have reduced size due to fewer and smaller cells compared to wild type. The juvenile-to-adult transition is delayed and proximal distal-patterning is abnormal in this mutant. Differentiation of specialized cells such as those forming stomata and trichomes is incomplete. Analysis of nod-1 sectors suggests that @entity9719 plays a cell-autonomous function in the leaf. We cloned nod positionally and found that it encodes @entity69412 ( @entity69412 ), the @entity2829 MID-COMPLEMENTING ACTIVITY (MCA) homolog. @entity69412 / @entity9719 is localized to the membrane and is enriched in dividing tissues. Transcriptome analysis of nod mutants revealed overrepresentation of cell wall, hormone metabolism, and defense gene categories. We propose that @entity9719 coordinates cell activity in response to intrinsic and extrinsic cues.

title: The XXXX MID-COMPLEMENTING ACTIVITY Homolog @entity69412 /NARROW ODD DWARF Coordinates Organ Growth and Tissue Patterning.

answer: @entity2829 :: (4577,Species) :: ['Maize']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity427 after @entity1566 may cause @entity322 and @entity177 . In @entity1 refractory to conservative treatment and not eligible for ventral sacral root stimulation for electrically induced micturition, we investigated the therapeutic value of sacral bladder denervation as a stand-alone procedure. METHODS: Nine @entity1 (8 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 ) between 21 and 58 years old (mean 30.2) with traumatic suprasacral spinal cord lesions underwent sacral bladder denervation for treatment of @entity12805 . RESULTS: @entity427 and @entity12805 were eliminated in all cases. Bladder capacity increased from 177.8 +/- 39.6 to 668.9 +/- 64.3 mL; intravesical pressure decreased from 89.3 +/- 19.1 to 20.2 +/- 2.7 cm @entity2507 . For facilitating clean intermittent catheterization (CIC), 4 @entity1 received a continent vesicostomy in a second-stage procedure; one of them in combination with bladder augmentation. Four @entity1 empty their bladder by way of urethral CIC. One completely tetraplegic @entity1 has an indwelling urethral catheter. In the 5 @entity1 with @entity551 was lowered from 196 +/- 16.9 to 124 +/- 9.3 mm Hg and the diastolic blood pressure from 114 +/- 5.1 to 76 +/- 5.1. The annual frequency of urinary tract infections decreased from 9 +/- 1.2 to 1.8 +/- 0.7. In all @entity1 , renal function remained stable. CONCLUSIONS: In selected @entity1 with @entity12805 , sacral bladder denervation is a valuable treatment option. It is only moderately invasive in nature, requires neither sophisticated nor expensive medical equipment, and is an attractive alternative to urinary diversion using intestinal segments.

title: Sacral bladder denervation for treatment of @entity427 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysreflexia, the systolic blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity12805 :: ('MESH:D020211', 'Disease') :: ['detrusor hyperreflexia and/or autonomic dysreflexia', 'autonomic dysreflexia']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['Detrusor hyperreflexia']

answer: @entity12805 :: (MESH:D020211,Disease) :: ['autonomic dysreflexia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity101 Optimal Treatment (HOT) Study has provided information about @entity65 in 18790 @entity101 , subjected to pronounced blood pressure (BP) lowering for a mean of 3.8 years. The HOT study data have subsequently been analysed after stratification of the @entity1 according to global cardiovascular risk, and it has been found that, despite intensive blood pressure lowering in all risk strata, morbid event rates increased with increasing risk stratum. OBJECTIVES: Previously analysed global risk strata were based on combinations of risk factors. The analyses presented here were intended to provide information on the relative role that the presence of each individual factor may have in increasing cardiovascular risk, despite good BP control. METHODS: Risk ratios (RR) for @entity1 with and those without a risk factor were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a Cox proportional hazard model, and adjusted for all variables except the one under examination. RESULTS: For all risk factors considered and for all types of event, RR were always greater than 1, indicating a greater risk in the presence, compared with that in the absence of each factor. The male gender was a statistically significant risk for cardiovascular (CV) events, CV and total mortality and particularly for @entity583 ( @entity583 ); age > or = 65 years for CV events, @entity64 , CV and particularly total mortality; smoking for all events analysed, but particularly for total mortality (twice higher in smokers than in non-smokers); high serum @entity165 (> 6.8 mmol/l) for CV events, @entity583 and CV mortality; high serum @entity1011 (> 155 micromol/l) for CV events, @entity64 , CV and total mortality; @entity6 for CV events, @entity64 , total mortality and particularly CV mortality; and @entity299 for all events analysed. Adjusted RR were often close to or greater than 2. CONCLUSIONS: Each of the risk factors considered was found to be an important cause of residual risk, despite good BP control. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing other correctable risk factors, e.g. smoking, hypercholesterolaemia and @entity6 , as well as rigorous control of blood pressure, and of initiating antihypertensive therapy before cardiovascular and renal damage becomes manifest.

title: Effects of individual risk factors on the incidence of XXXX in the treated @entity101 @entity1 of the @entity101 Optimal Treatment Study. HOT Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular events']


abstract: The echinostomatid metacercariae encysted in the gill of the fresh water fish, @entity12109 were identified through obtaining adult worms after experimental @entity281 to @entity19 . In addition, a brief course of worm development and maturation was observed in this experimental host. The results were as follows: The echinostomatid metacercariae were elliptical, golden yellow, 0.073~0.078 mm long and 0.054-0.065 mm wide. Their head portions were characterized by the presence of a head crown armed with collar spines of total 24 in number and interrupted at the mid-dorsal side of the oral sucker. The average rate of worm recovery from 12 @entity19 (on the 1-21th postinfection days) was 19.4 percent and the rate revealed no decrease in accordance with the increase of @entity281 duration. The worms were collected chiefly from the lower part of the small intestine. After the @entity281 , their sexual maturation was attained in 5 days and their growth in size nearly completed in 7 days. The early growth curve of genital organs was S shape while that of nongenital organs was C form. In 5 day old worms, l or 2 eggs were found from their uteri and the stools of @entity19 revealed echinostomatid eggs from the 5-6th postinfection day. The 7 day old adult worms were ovoid in shape, 0.54-0.69 mm long and 0.29-0.34 mm wide, and characterized by a well developed head crown with 24 collar spines and vitelline follicles distributed from the acetabular level down to the posterior end of body. Based on these characters they were identified to be Echinochasmus japonicus Tanabe, 1926. From these results, it is verified that @entity12109 is one of the second intermediate hosts of @entity65090 in Korea.

title: [Metacercariae of Echinochasmus japonicus encysted in a fresh water fish, XXXX , and their development in experimental @entity19 ]

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity12109 :: ('51549', 'Species') :: ['Pseudorasbora parva', 'P. parva']

answer: @entity12109 :: (51549,Species) :: ['Pseudorasbora parva']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most @entity1 will sustain some degree of @entity130 to the genital tract after vaginal birth. This study aimed to examine the association between maternal position at birth and perineal outcome in @entity1 who had a midwife-attended, spontaneous vaginal birth and an uncomplicated pregnancy at term. METHODS: Data from 3,756 births in a major public tertiary teaching hospital were eligible for analysis. The need for sutures in perineal @entity130 was evaluated and compared for each major factor studied (maternal age, first vaginal delivery, induction of labor, not occipitoanterior, use of regional anesthesia, deflexed head and newborn birthweight >3,500 g). Birth positions were compared against each other. Subgroup analysis determined whether birth positions mattered more or less in each of the major factors studied. The chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables. RESULTS: Most @entity1 (65.9%) gave birth in the semi-recumbent position. Of the 1,679 @entity1 (44.5%) who required perineal suturing, semi-recumbent position was associated with the need for perineal sutures, whereas all-fours was associated with reduced need for sutures; these associations were more marked in first vaginal births and newborn birth weight over 3,500 g. When regional anesthesia was used, semi-recumbent position was associated with a need for suturing, and lateral position associated with a reduced need for suturing. The four major factors significantly related to perineal @entity130 included first vaginal birth, use of regional anesthesia, deflexed head, and newborn weight more than 3,500 g. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 should be given the choice to give birth in whatever position they find comfortable. Maternity practitioners have a responsibility to inform @entity1 of the likelihood of perineal @entity130 in the preferred birth position. Ongoing audit of all clinicians attending births is encouraged to further determine effects of maternal birth position and perineal @entity130 , to investigate @entity1 's perception of comfortable positioning at birth, and to measure changes to midwifery practice resulting from this study.

title: Maternal position at midwife-attended birth and perineal XXXX : is there an association?

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: @entity4655 ( @entity4655 ) is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous system. Its highly diverse biological activities are mediated via the G protein-coupled receptor that uniquely requires two accessory proteins for optimal function. @entity69987 (RCP) is a coupling protein necessary for @entity4655 -receptor signaling. In this study, we established the anatomical distribution of RCP in the @entity35 central and peripheral nervous system and its relationship to @entity4655 immunoreactivity. RCP-immunoreactive (IR) perikarya are widely and selectively distributed in the cerebral cortex, septal nuclei, hippocampus, various hypothalamic nuclei, amygdala, nucleus colliculus, periaqueductal gray, @entity6415 , locus coeruleus, cochlear nuclei, dorsal raphe nuclei, the solitary tractus nucleus and gracile nucleus, cerebellar cortex, various brainstem motor nuclei, the spinal dorsal and ventral horns. A sub-population of neurons in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and trigeminal ganglia were strongly RCP-IR. Overall, the localization of RCP-IR closely matched with that of @entity4655 -IR. We also determined whether RCP in DRG and dorsal horn neurons can be modulated by @entity4655 receptor blockade and @entity158 -related pathological stimuli. The intrathecal injection of the antagonist @entity4655 (8-37) markedly increased RCP expression in the lumbar DRG and spinal dorsal horn. Carrageenan-induced @entity32 produced a dramatic bilateral increase in RCP expression in the dorsal horn while a partial sciatic nerve ligation reduced RCP expression in the ipsilateral superficial dorsal horn. Our data suggest that the distribution of RCP immunoreactivity is closely matched with @entity4655 immunoreactivity in most of central and peripheral nervous systems. The co-localization of RCP and @entity4655 in motoneurons and primary sensory neurons suggests that @entity4655 has an autocrine or paracrine effect on these neurons. Moreover, our data also suggest that RCP expression in DRG and spinal cord can be modulated during @entity4655 receptor blockade, @entity32 or @entity9 and this @entity4655 receptor-associated protein is dynamically regulated.

title: Localization and modulation of @entity69987 -immunoreactive cells in the XXXX central and peripheral nervous systems.

entities_list: @entity6415 :: ('MESH:C566014', 'Disease') :: ['parabrachial nuclei']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'plantar inflammation']

entities_list: @entity69987 :: ('114205(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['CGRP receptor component protein']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

entities_list: @entity4655 :: ('24241(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['CGRP', 'Calcitonin gene-related peptide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the outcome of evisceration with primary orbital implant in @entity735 with and without fulminant @entity281 ( @entity3225 / @entity11472 ). METHODS: Retrospective nonrandomized comparative interventional case series. @entity1 with a minimum postoperative follow-up of 6 months were considered for inclusion. Thirty-four eyes of 34 @entity1 were included. Sixteen eyes were infective and 18 noninfective. Nonporous @entity1346 implants were used for all cases and the main outcome measure was successful retention of the primary implant. Major and minor complications and successful prosthesis fitting were also noted. RESULTS: All except 3 cases were able to retain the primary implant successfully and all but 2 @entity1 underwent successful prosthesis fitting. Major complications included implant extrusion in 3 cases (2 infective, 1 noninfective) and implant exposure in 1 case (noninfective). The difference in major complications between the groups was not statistically significant (p   =   0.66, Fisher exact test). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that evisceration with primary orbital implant is a feasible option in fulminant @entity3225 / @entity11472 and provides a good postoperative cosmetic outcome to the anophthalmic socket at an economical cost.

title: Evisceration with Primary Orbital Implant in Fulminant @entity3225 / XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['blind eyes']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity11472 :: ('MESH:D010202', 'Disease') :: ['panophthalmitis']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity11472 :: (MESH:D010202,Disease) :: ['Panophthalmitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the angiographic morphology of carotid stent @entity256 and the possible therapies based on data from a single-center experience. METHODS: In a 45-month period, 279 @entity1 (196 @entity1 ; mean age 70 +/- 9 years, range 50-89) underwent successful Wallstent placement in 303 stenotic internal carotid arteries (ICA). @entity1 were followed with duplex sonography; angiography was used to confirm any significant (> or =70%) recurrent lesions detected on the ultrasound scan. Further @entity384 with or without stent placement was undertaken. RESULTS; Over a median 12-month follow-up (interquartile range 6-24), there were 9 (3.0%) carotid stent restenoses found, all within 12 months after stent placement. Two types of @entity256 were differentiated. In the more common form, "in-stent" stenoses (n = 6) were detected and treated with stent placement; lasting success (patency >12 months after retreatment) was achieved in 4. Early second and third recurrences arose in the other 2 stents within 3 months of the first retreatment; additional stents were placed at each recurrence. Both @entity1 suffered a major cerebral event after 17 months. Less often, an "end of stent" @entity850 (n = 3) developed at a kink in the ICA adjacent to the cephalad end of the stent. Lasting success was achieved by @entity384 without additional stent placement in all 3 cases. No procedure-related complications were observed within 30 days after any treatment for @entity256 . CONCLUSIONS: Carotid stent @entity256 , which occurs rarely after 1 year, can be treated safely by further percutaneous interventions.

title: Single-center experience with carotid stent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

answer: @entity256 :: (MESH:D023903,Disease) :: ['restenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop a model of the impact of population-wide periconceptional @entity1501 supplementation on @entity601 and twin births. DESIGN: A hypothetical cohort of 100,000 pregnancies > or =20 weeks, plus terminations of pregnancy after prenatal diagnosis before 20 weeks. METHODS: Application of pooled data on the relative risks for @entity601 and twins following periconceptional @entity1501 from meta-analysis of the randomised trials. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: 1. Pregnancies with a neural tube defect (i.e. terminations of pregnancy, perinatal @entity204 , and surviving @entity1 ); 2. twin births (i.e. preterm births, perinatal @entity204 , postneonatal @entity204 , @entity600 , @entity306 ); 3. numbers needed to treat. RESULTS: The change in @entity601 would be 75 fewer terminations (95% CI -47, -90), 30 fewer perinatal @entity204 (95% CI 18, -35), and 13 fewer surviving @entity1 with a neural tube defect (95% CI -8, -16). The change in twinning would be an additional 572 twin confinements (95% CI -100, +1587), among whom there would be 63 very preterm twin confinements (95% CI -11, +174), 54 perinatal and postneonatal @entity204 (95% CI -9, +149), 48 surviving twins with a @entity600 (95% CI -8, +133), and nine with @entity306 (95% CI -2, +26). The numbers needed to treat for the prevention of one pregnancy with a neural tube defect is 847, for the birth of one additional set of twins is 175, for the birth of one additional set of very preterm twins is 1587, and for the birth of an additional twin with any of the following outcomes (perinatal death, postneonatal death, survival with a @entity600 , or survival with @entity306 ) is 901. CONCLUSIONS: Monitoring rates of @entity601 and twinning is essential as supplementation or fortification with @entity1501 is implemented.

title: Modelling the potential impact of population-wide periconceptional XXXX /multivitamin supplementation on multiple births.

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defect', 'birth defects']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['neural tube defects']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity1501 :: (MESH:D005492,Chemical) :: ['folate']


abstract: Impairment of the intestinal microcirculation has been recognized as an important factor in the pathogenesis of endotoxin related @entity1850 . We investigated the effects of @entity5694 on the variability of intestinal microvascular blood flow (IMBF) and arterial blood pressure (BP) in a prospective, randomized, controlled animal study. Recordings of IMBF (laser Doppler fluxmetry) and BP were performed before, two and four hours after i.v. injection of either placebo or endotoxin (5 mg/kg b.w. lipopolysaccharide from @entity526 , serotype O55:B5). Control experiments were performed with systemic ( @entity1338 ) and local intestinal (surgery) sympathectomy. Spectral analysis was performed using the autoregressive approach. Spectral power was determined in two frequency bands (low frequency (LF): 0.27-0.74 Hz; high frequency (HF): 0.76-3.00 Hz). Two hours after endotoxin challenge a significant decrease in IMBF was observed. LF spectral power of IMBF and BP increased significantly in the endotoxin challenged group, while no effects were observed in the placebo group. Four hours after endotoxin administration IMBF decreased further and LF spectral power of IMBF and BP remained elevated. Denervation prevented the decrease in IMBF but did not abolish the LF power increase. @entity1338 administration attenuated the IMBF decrease and significantly diminished the increase in LF spectral power of IMBF and BP. We conclude that @entity5694 is associated with increased sympathetic outflow to the systemic vasculature, as indicated by the increase in LF spectral power of arterial blood pressure. The increase in LF variability of IMBF is secondary to the increase in LF spectral power of BP, since it could be attenuated by systemic and not by local intestinal sympathectomy.

title: Sympathetic modulation of intestinal microvascular blood flow oscillations in experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['Clonidine', 'clonidine']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis syndrome']

answer: @entity5694 :: (MESH:D019446,Disease) :: ['endotoxemia']


abstract: @entity0 is the most common @entity5 in @entity1 in the United States. The addition of @entity8253 to adjuvant therapy regimens has resulted in improvement in overall survival of @entity1 . The 2 most commonly used @entity8253 are @entity632 and @entity1259 . Comparison studies in the metastatic setting have shown that, at similar doses, these 2 @entity8253 provide similar response rates. However, their @entity137 profiles differ somewhat. The major side effects of @entity8253 are @entity1370 and myelosuppression. The equimolar dose ratios of @entity632 to @entity1259 for myelosuppression and @entity1370 are 1:1.2 and 1:1.7-2.0, respectively. There have been many studies comparing different schedules and doses of @entity8253 in the adjuvant setting. However, direct comparisons between @entity632 and @entity1259 in @entity0 have not been performed to date. In this article, we are attempting to provide an overview of current use of @entity632 and @entity1259 in @entity0

title: @entity1259 versus @entity632 : which is the anthracycline of choice for the treatment of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer', 'early-stage breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity18935 cytoskeleton is highly conserved among eukaryotes and is essential for cellular processes regulating growth and differentiation. In fungi, filamentous @entity18935 (F- @entity18935 ) orchestrates hyphal tip structure and extension via organization of exocytic and endocytic processes at the hyphal tip. Although highly conserved, there are key differences among actins of fungal species as well as between @entity1 and fungal actins. For example, the F- @entity18935 stabilizing molecules, @entity6286 and @entity13298 , bind to @entity18935 structures in @entity375 and @entity1 cells, whereas @entity6286 does not bind @entity18935 structures of @entity54 . These discrepancies suggest structural differences between @entity54 @entity18935 filaments and those of @entity1 and @entity375 cells. Additionally, fungal @entity18935 kinetics are much faster than those of @entity1 , displaying 5-fold faster nucleation and 40-fold faster @entity4334 exchange rates. Limited published studies suggest that these faster @entity18935 kinetics are required for normal growth and morphogenesis of @entity375 cells. In the current work, we show that replacement of @entity54 @entity18935 with @entity375 @entity18935 generates a morphologically normal strain, suggesting that @entity54 @entity18935 kinetics are similar to those of @entity375 . In contrast to wild type A. fumigatus, F- @entity18935 in this strain binds @entity6286 , and pharmacological stabilization of these @entity18935 structures with @entity13298 inhibits germination and alters morphogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. We also show that @entity1 b- @entity18935 cannot support @entity54 viability, even though the @entity3689 sequences of @entity1 and @entity54 actins are 89.3% identical. Our findings show that minor differences in @entity18935 protein sequence account for loss of @entity6286 and @entity13298 sensitivity in @entity54 species.

title: Differential Support of @entity54 Morphogenesis by @entity375 and XXXX Actins.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity13298 :: ('MESH:C057531', 'Chemical') :: ['jasplakinolide']

entities_list: @entity6286 :: ('MESH:D010590', 'Chemical') :: ['phalloidin']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity10206 and or @entity8171 loss occur in 40% of pancreatic @entity8703 (PanNETs). PanNETs negative for @entity10206 or @entity8171 show an increased risk of relapse. The @entity5 -associated pathways activated upon @entity10206 or @entity8171 loss and how this event may induce @entity1344 ( @entity1344 ) and @entity10205 ( @entity10205 ) are still unknown. Both @entity10206 and @entity8171 are involved in DNA methylation regulation. DNA methylation of heterochromatin and of non-coding sequences is extremely important for the maintenance of genomic stability. We analysed the association of @entity10206 and or @entity8171 loss and @entity1344 with global DNA methylation in @entity1 PanNET samples and the effect of @entity10206 knock down on methylation and cell proliferation. We assessed LINE1 as well as global DNA methylation in 167 PanNETs and we found that @entity10206 and or @entity8171 negative @entity5 and @entity5 with @entity1344 were hypo-methylated. @entity10206 knock-down in PanNET cell lines blocked cells in G1/G0 phase and seemed to increase @entity1344 in QGP-1 cells. However, no direct changes in DNA methylation were observed after @entity10206 knock down in vitro. In conclusion our data indicate that epigenetic changes are crucial steps in the progression of @entity788 and suggest that DNA methylation is the mechanism via which @entity1344 is induced, allowing clonal expansion and selection.

title: Hypo-methylation mediates XXXX in @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity10205 :: ('MESH:C536801', 'Disease') :: ['alternative lengthening telomeres', 'ALT']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['PanNETs loss']

entities_list: @entity8703 :: ('MESH:D004701', 'Disease') :: ['neuro-endocrine tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal instability', 'CIN']

answer: @entity1344 :: (MESH:D043171,Disease) :: ['chromosomal instability']


abstract: PURPOSE: Bladder @entity189 is an invasive @entity189 subtype that is emphasized for its morphological overlap with plasma cells and @entity189 . Our experience suggests frequent intraperitoneal spread that is not typical of conventional @entity189 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified cases of plasmacytoid @entity189 diagnosed on radical cystectomy. @entity1 age, gender, American Joint Committee on @entity5 (7th edition) stage, metastatic spread/recurrence sites and clinical disease status at last followup were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 10 male and 5 female @entity1 42 to 81 years old were identified. One @entity5 was pT2, 11 pT3 and 3 pT4. Six of 15 @entity1 (40%) presented with lymph node @entity3 and 5 (33%) had intraperitoneal @entity3 at cystectomy. These initial sites of metastatic spread included the prerectal space, @entity8376 , @entity5274 , and omentum and bowel serosa in 1 case each. Three @entity1 had subsequent @entity3 involving the prerectal space, @entity1744 in 1 each. Eight @entity1 had followup information available, including 3 who died of disease, 3 with disease and 2 with no evidence of disease. CONCLUSIONS: Of the @entity1 33% with the plasmacytoid variant of @entity189 presented with intraperitoneal disease spread and 20% had subsequent @entity3 involving serosal surfaces. The possibility of noncontiguous intraperitoneal spread involving serosal surfaces should be recognized to ensure proper intraoperative staging and clinical followup for @entity1 with @entity189 .

title: Plasmacytoid carcinoma of the bladder: a XXXX variant with a predilection for intraperitoneal spread.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma', 'metastatic carcinoma', 'plasmacytoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['ovary and fallopian tube, bowel serosa']

entities_list: @entity8376 :: ('MESH:D014625', 'Disease') :: ['ovary and vagina']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['pleural fluid and small bowel serosa, and bowel serosa']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity409 as a possible prognostic parameter seems to play a role in the course of @entity6 . Flicker-induced endothelial NO release may be used as an indicator for endothelial functionality of the central retinal vessels. METHODS: Flicker-induced @entity432 as well as complete internal medicine status were determined in 65 @entity164 1 and 170 @entity164 2 diabetics. @entity6 was classified according ETDRS criteria. Furthermore, a group of 55 healthy subjects was used as control group. RESULTS: @entity6 subjects showed with 2.1+/-2.2 ( @entity164 1) and 2.2+/-2.4 ( @entity164 2) a significantly decreased percent @entity432 in comparison to healthy subjects (3.6+/-2.1; p<or=0.001). With increasing stage of the @entity384 of the retinal arterioles decreased significantly (p=0.002) while static arterial measurements before flicker testing did not show significant differences in the different stages of @entity6 . @entity6 @entity1 without @entity989 already showed a noticeably reduced @entity384 in comparison to healthy controls. These changes could be seen both in @entity164 1 and @entity164 2 diabetics. @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 with proliferative @entity6 showed a mean percent dilation of 1.80+/-2.11, while these reactions had nearly disappeared in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 (0.31+/-1.08). CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity164 1 and @entity164 2 diabetics showed significantly decreased flicker-induced @entity384 as a sign of @entity409 in comparison to healthy controls. With increasing stage of the @entity384 of the retinal arterioles decreased significantly. @entity6 without @entity989 already showed decreased flicker-induced reactions in comparison to healthy controls. Measurement of arterial flicker response may be useful for prognostic approaches in the case @entity6 care.

title: [ @entity409 of central retinal vessels: a prognostic parameter for XXXX ?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'Diabetics', 'diabetes', 'Diabetic retinopathy', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic retinopathy dilation', 'arterial dilation']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction', 'Endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial vasodilation']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic retinopathy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: @entity2336 syndrome/ @entity2335 (BPS/IC) is a chronic and debilitating condition. Our objective was to compare two different bladder instillation treatments in @entity1 with BPS/IC: @entity3733 with @entity2713 (DMSO) vs. @entity1341 with heparin and @entity2713 (B/ @entity8108 /T). Our hypothesis was that both treatments are equally effective. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of instillation-na  ve @entity1 was conducted comparing responses to either DMSO or B/ @entity8108 /T at our tertiary urogynecology center from 2012 to 2014. The primary outcome was @entity1 -reported percent of overall improvement from baseline. Secondary outcomes were change in @entity1 -reported daytime voiding frequency (hours) and change in number of nighttime voiding episodes. Variables analyzed as potential confounders included @entity2371 , cystoscopy findings, levator @entity2473 , and @entity239 . The two-sided Student's t test, chi-squared test, Poisson regression, and repeated-measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for analyses. RESULTS: One hundred and ninety-three eligible @entity1 were identified (45 receiving DMSO, 146 receiving B/ @entity8108 /T). Compared with baseline, DMSO @entity1 reported 63% improvement (p   <   0.0001), increased time between daytime voids by 1.5  @entity8108 (p   <   0.00), and a 40% reduction in @entity2183 episodes (p   <   0.00). B/ @entity8108 /T @entity1 reported 51% improvement (p   <   0.00), increased time between daytime voids by 1.4  @entity8108 (p   <   0.00), and an 8% reduction in @entity2183 episodes (p   =   0.26). When comparing the two treatments, DMSO resulted in a greater percentage of overall improvement (p   =   0.02) and a significant decrease in @entity2183 episodes when compared with B/ @entity8108 /T (p   =   0.02). There was no significant difference between treatments for daytime voiding frequency (p   =   0.50). CONCLUSION: Bladder instillations with DMSO or B/ @entity8108 /T provide overall symptomatic improvement and improved frequency and @entity2183 . DMSO appears to provide greater improvement in @entity2183 and overall.

title: Which bladder instillations are more effective? DMSO vs. XXXX /heparin/ @entity2713 : a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulfoxide']

entities_list: @entity2336 :: ('MESH:D018856', 'Disease') :: ['Bladder pain']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial cystitis']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Aim @entity283 ( @entity283 ) are non-profit or voluntary sector organisations that promote and represent the interests of @entity1 and carers affected by particular conditions. The purpose of this study was to examine, among @entity1 with @entity102 , what differentiates those who contact @entity283 from those who do not and what stops @entity1 from making contact. BACKGROUND: @entity283 can enhance @entity1 's capacity to manage @entity102 by providing information, education and psychosocial support, but are under-utilised. Little is known about barriers to access. METHODS: Data were from a baseline telephone survey conducted as part of a randomised trial of an intervention to improve access to @entity283 . @entity1 constituted a consecutive sample of 276 adults with diagnosed @entity102 recruited via 18 general practitioners in Brisbane, Australia. Quantitative survey items examined @entity1 ' use and perceptions of @entity283 and a single open-ended question explored barriers to @entity435 use. Multiple logistic regression and thematic analysis were used. Findings Overall, 39% of @entity1 had ever contacted a @entity435 for their health and 28% had contacted a @entity435 specifically focussed on their diagnosed chronic condition. @entity6 , poorer self-reported physical health and greater health system contact were significantly associated with @entity435 contact. The view that 'my doctor does it all' was prevalent and, together with a belief that their health problems were 'not serious enough', was the primary reason @entity1 did not make contact. CONCLUSION: Attitudinal and system-related barriers limit use of @entity283 by those for whom they are designed. Developing referral pathways to @entity283 and promoting awareness about what they offer is needed to improve access.

title: Why do @entity1 with @entity102 not contact consumer health organisations? A survey of general practice XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['CHOs', 'Consumer health organisations']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity4185 ( @entity4185 ) are widely used in the treatment of @entity565 . We studied the suspected adverse drug reactions (sADRs) reported during the use of @entity4185 in the Netherlands. METHODS: In the Netherlands, health professionals and @entity1 can report suspected ADRs to the Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb. All reported sADRs on @entity4185 were categorised and assessed as to whether these were likely to be associated with use of the @entity134 . Age and gender adjusted Reported Odds Ratios (RORs) and Naranjo Scores (NS) were computed for sADRs reported more than 3 times. RESULTS: Since 1984, sADRs of @entity4185 were reported in 89 @entity1 (mean age 6 years), 48 (54%) were @entity1 . Suspected drugs were @entity5023 in 46 @entity1 (52%), @entity4184 in 21 (24%), and @entity2715 in 22 cases (24%). Psychiatric symptoms were reported in 19 @entity1 (21%; @entity19829 .8, NS 3.6), @entity851 in 6 @entity1 (7%; @entity21566 47.8, NS 3.0) and rashes in 6 cases (7%; @entity21566 0.7, NS 2.4). There were 7 reports (8%; @entity25997 .1, NS 3.4) concerning abnormalities of the teeth, 4 reports of @entity1665 (4%; @entity19829 .3, NS 3.5), and 3 reports of @entity3427 and @entity12737 (NS 4.0). @entity1887 was reported once. CONCLUSIONS: Alteration of behaviour was the most frequently reported sADR. There are more indications that alterations of behaviour could be a real sADR of @entity4185 . @entity1887 was the only reported possible life threatening sADR. The association of @entity12737 and @entity4500 after @entity4185 in @entity1 has not been reported in the literature before.

title: Reported adverse drug reactions during the use of inhaled steroids in XXXX with @entity565 in the Netherlands.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity2715 :: ('MESH:D001507', 'Chemical') :: ['beclomethasone']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['Non-fatal adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity12737 :: ('MESH:D006983', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrichosis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity4185 :: ('MESH:D058545', 'Disease') :: ['Inhaled corticosteroids', 'ICS']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

entities_list: @entity4500 :: ('MESH:D014071', 'Disease') :: ['teeth abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone']

entities_list: @entity3427 :: ('MESH:D006628', 'Disease') :: ['hirsutism']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Plinabulin ( @entity69933 ) is a vascular disrupting agent (VDA) that @entity5 vascular endothelial cell architecture resulting in selective collapse of @entity5 vasculature producing anti- @entity5 activity alone or in combination with cytotoxic agents. The objective of this study was to assess the recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D) of plinabulin combined with @entity1205 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 received 75 mg/m(2) @entity1205 on day 1 and plinabulin on days 1 and 8 intravenously in 21 day cycles. Plinabulin was escalated from the biologically effective dose (BED) of 13.5 mg/m(2) to the standard single agent dose of 30 mg/m(2) using a "3+3" design. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 were enrolled. Adverse events were consistent with those of both agents alone. Fatigue, @entity158 , @entity390 , @entity294 and @entity391 were the most common events. One dose limiting @entity137 of @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity2700 and @entity1398 occurred. The RP2D was 30 mg/m(2) of plinabulin with 75 mg/m(2) @entity1205 . Pharmacokinetics did not indicate drug-drug interactions. Of the 8 @entity1 with NSCLC evaluable for response, 2 achieved a partial response and 4 demonstrated lesser decreases in @entity5 measurements. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of full doses of plinabulin and @entity1205 is tolerable. With encouraging antitumor activity, this supported further development of this combination.

title: Phase 1 study of the novel vascular disrupting agent plinabulin ( XXXX ) and @entity1205 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['destabilizes tumor', 'tumor', 'established tumor']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity69933 :: (MESH:C514351,Chemical) :: ['NPI-2358']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: In @entity1593 ( @entity1593 ), there is increased mRNA coding for @entity8265 ( @entity8265 ) and @entity686 . In seronegative celiac @entity1 , the mucosal immune complexes anti- @entity8265 IgA/ @entity8265 are found. We assayed @entity8265 - and @entity379 -mRNA in the mucosa of @entity1 with a clinical suspicion of seronegative @entity1593 and correlated the values with intraepithelial CD3 lymphocytes (IELs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Distal duodenum specimens from 67 @entity1 were retrieved and re-evaluated for immunohistochemically proven CD3 IELs. Five 10  m sections were used for the extraction and assay of @entity8265 and @entity379 coding mRNA levels using reverse transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Samples from 15 seropositive @entity1593 @entity1 and 15 healthy subjects were used as positive and negative controls. Results were expressed as fold-change. RESULTS: Our series was divided into three groups based on IEL count: >25 (14 @entity1 : group A), 15-25 (26 @entity1 : group B), and 0-15 (27 @entity1 : Group C). @entity8265 -mRNA levels were (mean    SD): @entity1593 = 9.8    2.6; group A = 10.04    4.7; group B = 4.99    2.3; group C = 2.26    0.8, controls = 1.04    0.2 ( @entity1593 = group A > group B > group C = controls). @entity379 -mRNA levels were: @entity1593 = 13.4    3.6; group A = 7.28    3.6; group B = 4.45    2.9; group C = 2.06    1.21, controls = 1.04    0.4. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that @entity8265 - and IFNymRNA levels are increased in both seropositive and potential seronegative @entity1 with @entity1593 , showing a strong correlation with the CD3 IEL count at stage Marsh 1. An increase in both molecules is found even when IELs are in the range 15-25 (Marsh 0), suggesting the possibility of a "gray zone" inhabited by @entity1 which should be closely followed up in @entity74 .

title: Mucosal molecular pattern of XXXX and @entity379 in suspected seronegative @entity1593 at marsh 1 and 0 stages.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease', 'CD']

entities_list: @entity686 :: ('3438', 'Gene') :: ['interferon gamma (IFNa)']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['gluten-related disorders']

entities_list: @entity8265 :: ('7052', 'Gene') :: ['tissue transglutaminase', 'tTG']

answer: @entity8265 :: (7052,Gene) :: ['tissue transglutaminase']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal blood @entity413 target during the early hospitalisation of @entity772 survivors of out-of-hospital @entity1167 (OHCA) has not been established. METHODS: In a retrospective cohort study, we examined clinical outcomes in relation to mean blood @entity413 during the first 96 hours of hospital admission in @entity772 survivors of OHCA with an initial shockable rhythm. Mean blood @entity413 was assessed as a continuous (primary analysis) and categorical variable: <6 mmol/L, 6 to <8 mmol/L and    8 mmol/L. Co-primary outcomes were the rates of @entity204 during the index hospitalisation and severe @entity51 at discharge. We used multivariable logistic regression analyses to adjust for baseline differences in @entity1 and index event characteristics. RESULTS: Among 122 eligible @entity1 , @entity204 and severe @entity51 occurred in 29 (24%) and 40 (33%) @entity1 , respectively. Higher mean blood @entity413 levels during the first 96   hours of admission were associated with increased odds of @entity204 (odds ratio (OR): 1.50; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17-1.92; p   =   0.001) and severe @entity51 (OR:   1.42; 95%   CI: 1.11-1.80; p   =   0.004). The associations between mean blood @entity413 and the odds of @entity204 (OR:   1.35; 95%   CI:   1.04-1.76; p   =   0.02) and severe @entity51 (OR: 1.28; 95%   CI: 1.00-1.64; p   =   0.05) persisted after adjusting for age, time from @entity1167 to return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and vasoactive agent use. There was no interaction between age, time from @entity1167 to ROSC or a history of @entity6 and the relationship between mean blood @entity413 and co-primary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity772 survivors of OHCA with initial shockable rhythms, higher mean blood @entity413 levels during the first 96 hours of admission are associated with increased rates of @entity204 and severe @entity51 .

title: Hyperglycaemia in @entity772 survivors of out-of-hospital XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['comatose']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: Aortic root replacement (Bentall operation) is the standard operation for @entity1 who have lesions of the ascending aorta associated with @entity886 . We analyzed the mid-term results for left ventricular energetics after the Bentall operation for @entity1580 with @entity337 . We measured left ventricular contractility (end-systolic elastance; Ees), afterload (effective arterial elastance; Ea), and efficiency (ventriculoarterial coupling; Ea/Ees, and the ratio of @entity64 work and pressure-volume area; SW/ @entity939 ) based on transthoracic echocardiography data before, after, and approximately 1 year after the Bentall operation in 15 @entity1 with @entity1580 with @entity337 . Left ventricular volume was calculated by the Teichholz M-mode method. Ees and Ea were approximated as follows: Ees=mean blood pressure/minimal left ventricular volume, and Ea=systolic blood pressure/(maximal left ventricular volume--minimal left ventricular volume). Ea/Ees and SW/ @entity939 were then calculated. Left ventricular volume was normalized with body surface area. Ees increased after the Bentall operation and around 1 year later (from 2.17+/-1.09 to 3.92+/-2.26 and 5.33+/-1.90 mmHg x m(2)/ml, P<0.001), thus resulting in an improvement in SW/ @entity939 (from 68.8+/-8.2 to 70.9+/-9.5 and 74.7+/-5.2%, P=0.045). Ea also increased after the Bentall operation and 1 year later (from 1.77+/-0.61 to 2.88+/-1.28 and 3.54+/-1.43 mmHg x m(2)/ml, P<0.001). The mid-term results for ventricular contractility and efficiency after the Bentall operation for @entity1580 with @entity337 are excellent and satisfactory.

title: Ventricular energetics in aortic root replacement for @entity1580 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve disease']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['annuloaortic ectasia']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['aortic regurgitation']


abstract: Neurostimulation as a therapeutic tool has been developed and used for a range of different diseases such as @entity191 , @entity302 , and @entity2704 . However, it is not known why the efficacy of the stimulation varies dramatically across @entity1 or why some @entity1 suffer from severe side effects. This is largely due to the lack of mechanistic understanding of neurostimulation. Hence, theoretical computational approaches to address this issue are in demand. This chapter provides a review of mechanistic computational modeling of brain stimulation. In particular, we will focus on @entity75 , where mechanistic models (e.g., neural population models or detailed neuronal models) have been used to bridge the gap between cellular-level processes of affected neural circuits and the symptomatic expression of disease dynamics. We show how such models have been, and can be, used to investigate the effects of neurostimulation in the diseased brain. We argue that these models are crucial for the mechanistic understanding of the effect of stimulation, allowing for a rational design of stimulation protocols. Based on mechanistic models, we argue that the development of closed-loop stimulation is essential in order to avoid inference with healthy ongoing brain activity. Furthermore, @entity1 -specific data, such as neuroanatomic information and connectivity profiles obtainable from neuroimaging, can be readily incorporated to address the clinical issue of variability in efficacy between subjects. We conclude that mechanistic computational models can and should play a key role in the rational design of effective, fully integrated, @entity1 -specific therapeutic brain stimulation.

title: Computational modeling of neurostimulation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain diseases']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['brain diseases']


abstract: Lactic acid bacteria are increasingly used to restore the ecological equilibrium of different mucosal areas in @entity1 and/or animals. Likewise, they can be used to potentially protect against pathogenic microorganisms. In the present paper, the preventive effect of intranasally inoculated @entity10688 against challenge with @entity328 was studied, using a @entity19 experimental model. @entity10688 inoculated four times at a dose of 10(7) colony forming units per @entity19 was able to decrease the number of @entity2260 throughout the respiratory tract. The @entity10688 treatment increased the number of activated macrophages in lung slices, and a higher lymphocyte population in the tracheal lamina propria. @entity2260 challenge showed a typical response against pathogen with a higher non-specific immune response. Preventive treatment, i.e. @entity10688 administration prior to @entity2260 challenge, showed a response close to that of L. fermentum. Anti-S. pneumoniae antibodies increased in lactobacilli-treated animals compared to the non-treated lactobacilli @entity19 . The increase in the antibody levels suggests that the mucosal immune system could be involved in the protective effect, accomplished with competitive exclusion, nutrient competition and production of inhibitory substances. This paper will be the basis for further studies of the protective effect of lactobacilli against @entity2260 in the respiratory tract.

title: Protective effect of intranasally inoculated @entity10688 against XXXX challenge on the @entity19 respiratory tract.

entities_list: @entity10688 :: ('1613', 'Species') :: ['L. fermentum', 'Lactobacillus fermentum']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: AIM: To improve an enzymatic method previously used for isolation of @entity35 odontoblasts to isolate viable mature @entity1 odontoblasts. METHODOLOGY: Collagenase I, collagenase I/hyaluronidase mixture and hyaluronidase were used to extract mature @entity1 odontoblasts from the pulp chamber. Detachment of odontoblasts from dentine was determined with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and to analyse the significance of differences in tubular diameter, and the t-test was used. @entity98 -reaction was used to analyse cell viability, and nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney post hoc tests were used to analyse the data. Immunofluorescent staining of dentine sialoprotein (DSP), @entity3951 ( @entity3951 ) and @entity22079 ( @entity22079 ) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) of @entity25882 ( @entity25882 ) were used to confirm the odontoblastic nature of the cells. RESULTS: @entity98 -reaction and FESEM demonstrated collagenase I/hyaluronidase resulted in more effective detachment and higher viability than collagenase I alone. Hyaluronidase alone was not able to detach odontoblasts. Immunofluorescence revealed the typical odontoblastic-morphology with one process, and DSP, @entity3951 and @entity22079 were detected. Quantitative PCR of @entity25882 confirmed that the isolated cells expressed this odontoblast-specific gene. CONCLUSION: The isolation of viable @entity1 odontoblasts was successful. The cells demonstrated morphology typical for odontoblasts and expressed characteristic odontoblast-type genes and proteins. This method will enable new approaches, such as apoptosis analysis, for studies using fully differentiated odontoblasts.

title: Enzymatic isolation of viable XXXX odontoblasts.

entities_list: @entity22079 :: ('64386', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-20', 'MMP-20']

entities_list: @entity25882 :: ('1834', 'Gene') :: ['DSPP', 'dentine sialophosphoprotein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']