abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim was to evaluate the effect of a @entity1216 -containing brush-on gel when used as supplement to oral hygiene instructions and mechanical debridement, on @entity33 in adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 38 adults (48-87 years.) with @entity33 that were consecutively enrolled in three private clinics after informed consent. The study employed a double-blind controlled design with two parallel arms. After baseline registrations, oral hygiene reinforcement and mechanical debridement, the @entity1 were randomly allocated to either a test group with once daily tooth brushing with an oral care brush-on gel containing 0.2% @entity5164 (Cervitec Gel) or a control gel group. The duration of the intervention was 12 weeks. The primary outcome was @entity548 on probing (BOP) and secondary endpoints were local plaque score (LPS) and @entity5951 ( @entity5951 ). RESULTS: The groups were balanced at baseline. The daily use of the @entity1216 -containing gel resulted in reduced BOP after 4 and 12 weeks compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The @entity5951 was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) after 12 weeks compared to baseline in the test group, but not in the control group. No side effects or adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION: The present findings indicated moderate but significant improvements of clinical parameters when mechanical debridement was combined with a self-applied oral care brush-on gel for the management of @entity33 .

title: Effect of a XXXX -containing brush-on gel on @entity33 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['peri-implant mucositis']

entities_list: @entity5951 :: ('MESH:D005888', 'Disease') :: ['PPD', 'pocket probing depth']

entities_list: @entity5164 :: ('MESH:C010882', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine digluconate']

answer: @entity1216 :: (MESH:D002710,Chemical) :: ['chlorhexidine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The strongest evidence for effectiveness of screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) programs is in primary care settings. @entity341 ( @entity341 ) studies have shown mixed results. Implementation of SBIRT into @entity341 settings is complicated by the type of @entity1 seen and the fast-paced, high-throughput nature of the @entity341 environment that makes it difficult to reach @entity1 flagged for SBIRT services. This study uses data from an @entity341 -based SBIRT program to examine the relationship between screen-positive rate, @entity341 @entity1 flow, and SBIRT service delivery. METHODS: Data for the study (N = 67137) were derived from weekly reports extracted directly from one hospital's electronic health record. Measures included time and day of @entity1 entry, drug/ @entity167 screen result (positive or negative), and whether the @entity1 was reached by SBIRT specialists. Factorial analysis of variance compared variations in screen-positive rates by day and time and the percentage of @entity1 reached by SBIRT specialists during these periods. RESULTS: Overall, 56% of screen-positive @entity1 received SBIRT services. Only 5% of @entity1 offered SBIRT services refused. Day and time of entry had a significant interaction effect on the reached rate (F12,14166 =3.48, P < .001). Although @entity1 volume was lowest between 11 pm and 7 am, screen-positive rates were highest during this period, particularly on weekends; and @entity1 were least likely to be reached during these periods. CONCLUSIONS: When implementing an @entity341 -based SBIRT program, thoughtful consideration should be given to @entity1 flow and staffing to maximize program impact and increase the likelihood of sustainability.

title: Using process indicators to optimize service completion of an @entity341 drug and XXXX brief intervention program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'Emergency department']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: The activity of protein kinases IKK-   and @entity57560 ( @entity57560 ) has been shown to be associated with inflammatory diseases. As an inhibitor of IKK-   and @entity57560 , amlexanox is an anti-inflammatory, anti- @entity56 , immunomodulator and used for treatment of @entity1066 , @entity2023 and @entity565 in clinic. We hypothesized that @entity11905 may be used for treatment of @entity66 which frequently associated with a low grade of systemic @entity32 . In this study, we investigated the effects of amlexanox on @entity5271 -induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro and ovariectomy-mediated @entity604 in vivo. In primary bone marrow derived macrophages (BMMs), amlexanox inhibited osteoclast formation and bone resorption. At the molecular level, amlexanox suppressed @entity5271 -induced activation of nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs), @entity9830 and @entity25314 . @entity11905 decreased the expression of osteoclast-specific genes, including TRAP, @entity1235 , @entity35364 and @entity25314 . Moreover, amlexanox enhanced osteoblast differentiation of BMSCs. In ovariectomized (OVX) @entity19 model, amlexanox prevented OVX-induced @entity604 by suppressing osteoclast activity. Taken together, our results demonstrate that amlexanox suppresses osteoclastogenesis and prevents OVX-induced @entity604 . Therefore, amlexanox may be considered as a new therapeutic candidate for @entity66 , such as @entity170 and @entity309 .

title: Amlexanox Suppresses Osteoclastogenesis and Prevents Ovariectomy-Induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['osteoclast-related diseases']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity11905 :: ('MESH:C045742', 'Chemical') :: ['amlexanox', 'Amlexanox']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity604 :: (MESH:D016301,Disease) :: ['Bone Loss']


abstract: We report a case of @entity8 with @entity3254 that was treated with @entity134 pulse therapy combined with tonsillectomy. A 27-year-old female was referred to our hospital because of @entity811 and @entity644 . Her urinalysis showed mild @entity644 (0.7 to 0.9 g/day) with dysmorphic red blood cells and cellular casts. Her serum @entity1011 level was within the normal range. Renal biopsy specimens revealed mild @entity7622 with cellular crescent and adhesion of glomeruli to the Bowman's capsule. Tubulointerstitial changes including mononuclear cell infiltration and tubular atrophy were also observed. Immunohistochemical staining of IgA and C3 was detected in the mesangial area, leading to the diagnosis of @entity8 . She had a past history of @entity3254 at 13 years of age and had taken antituberculosis drug for one and a half year. Although treatment with angiotensin receptor antagonist was started, the amount of @entity644 was not changed. @entity134 pulse therapy with tonsillectomy followed by oral @entity617 20 mg/day was conducted. @entity644 and @entity811 gradually decreased. Her respiratory status and chest X-ray had been closely followed up by her respiratory physician. After one and a half years of treatment with low-dose @entity617 , her urinalysis became almost normal. Recurrence of @entity378 was not observed during the follow-up period. The successful outcome of this case encouraged us to treat @entity8 with a past history of @entity378 using interventions including @entity134 pulse therapy.

title: [ @entity134 pulse therapy combined with tonsillectomy in a patient with @entity8 complicated with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria', 'Proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['IgA nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity7622 :: ('MESH:C537346', 'Disease') :: ['mesangial proliferation']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity3254 :: ('MESH:D014396', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous pleurisy']

answer: @entity3254 :: (MESH:D014396,Disease) :: ['tuberculous pleurisy']


abstract: Two young males who had no @entity299 died unexpectedly during the night. In one @entity1 , the monitor ECG showed a @entity9765 and the electrophysiologic study revealed a sinoatrial conduction time at the upper limit of normal and a prolonged PA interval. The surface ECG showed @entity2270 . @entity1540 were confined to the night when he died from @entity5069 . The ECG of the other @entity1 was normal except for the change in QRS configuration found when the preceding RR interval was prolonged, suggesting a phase 4 block in intraventricular conduction. He was completely free from @entity943 except for the @entity1540 which developed around 9:00 p.m. and the @entity5069 following an R-on-T type @entity1540 which resulted in death during the night. The autopsy showed no @entity299 . ST elevation suggestive of acute @entity63 was not found and the QT intervals were normal in both cases. No electrolyte imbalances were found. These 2 cases can be diagnosed as pokkuri disease which is well known in Japan. The victims are exclusively young males who have no apparent diseases to which death can be attributed.

title: Sudden nocturnal death in young males from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity9765 :: ('MESH:D012848', 'Disease') :: ['sinoatrial block']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular ectopic beats', 'ventricular ectopic beat', 'ventricular ectopic beats']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['organic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['left axis deviation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity5069 :: ('MESH:D054141', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular flutter']

answer: @entity5069 :: (MESH:D054141,Disease) :: ['ventricular flutter']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The effect of a single-dose systemic @entity1443 to treat @entity282 has been previously quantified, but the effect of systemic @entity1443 to prevent @entity282 is currently not well defined. The preventive analgesic effect of @entity1443 has yet to be quantified in a meta-analysis. The objective of the current investigation was to evaluate the effect of a single preventive dose of systemic @entity1443 on @entity282 outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A wide search was performed to identify randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effects of a single dose of systemic @entity1443 on @entity158 outcomes in a large variety of surgical procedures. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effect model. RESULTS: Eleven randomized clinical trials evaluating 740 @entity1 were included in the analysis. The weighted mean difference (95% confidence interval [CI]) of the combined effects favored @entity1443 over control for @entity158 at rest ( <=4 h, -1.1 (-2.0 to -0.2)) and @entity158 at movement (24 h, -1.9 (-2.8 to -1.0)) Postoperative opioid consumption was decreased in the systemic @entity1443 group compared with control. Weighted mean difference (95% CI) of -9.7 (-13.0 to -6.4) mg @entity1286 intravenous equivalents systemic @entity1443 also reduced postoperative @entity390 and @entity391 compared with control, odds ratio (95% CI) of 0.25 (0.13 to 0.47), numbers needed to treat (95% CI)=3.3 (2.3 to 5.9). DISCUSSION: Systemic @entity1443 , when used as a single-dose preventive regimen, is an effective intervention to reduce @entity282 . It also reduces @entity1209 . Doses >1 g were not associated with greater reduction in @entity158 outcomes.

title: Single-dose Systemic Acetaminophen to Prevent XXXX : A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['early pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative nausea and/or vomiting']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['Postoperative Pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To repair experimental osteochondral knee lesions in @entity1707 using tissue engineering. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eight 40-kg @entity1707 underwent surgery. Cartilage and periosteal biopsies of their control knee were taken. Cartilage and periosteal cells were independently isolated, cultured and seeded in biodegradable @entity6987 and @entity1989 polymers that were fixed on the bottom of an @entity4713 in the @entity1707 's experimental knee, with bioabsorbable Mitek implants. Four months later the @entity1707 were sacrificed and the knees were analyzed with nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI), macroscopic assessment, histology, electron microscopy (EM), @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ) and @entity4653 element analysis. RESULTS: All the defects were filled with cartilage-like tissue according to the NMRI evaluation and the visual examination. Hyaline-like cartilage was obtained in 3 defects and fibrocartilage in 5. The EM showed chondrocytes in the repair tissue. The @entity4653 showed appropriate integration to the bone and the surrounding tissue. @entity4653 element analysis showed sulphurized matrix attached to the bone with @entity460 and @entity6546 as predominant elements. DISCUSSION: Tissue engineering enabled the production of tissues similar to normal ones. The polymer fixation system was effective.

title: [Results of the experimental repair of osteochondral lesions in a XXXX model using tissue engineering].

entities_list: @entity4713 :: ('MESH:D010007', 'Disease') :: ['osteochondral defect']

entities_list: @entity6546 :: ('MESH:D010710', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphates']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: Metabotropic @entity2227 receptors (mGluRs) are G protein-coupled receptors involved in the regulation of glutamatergic transmission. Recent studies indicate that excitatory group I mGluRs ( @entity9446 and @entity10092 ) contribute to @entity2359 and hyperexcitability during epileptogenesis. In this study, we examined the distribution of mGluR1alpha and @entity10092 immunoreactivity (IR) in hippocampal resection tissue from pharmaco-resistant @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) @entity1 . IR was detected with panels of receptor subtype specific antisera in hippocampi from @entity1315 @entity1 without (non-HS group) and with @entity131 (HS group) and was compared with that of non- @entity302 autopsy controls (control group). By immunohistochemistry and immunoblot analysis, we found a marked increase of @entity10092 IR in hippocampi from the non-HS compared with the control group. High @entity10092 IR was most prominent in the cell bodies and apical dendrites of hippocampal principal neurons and in the dentate gyrus molecular layer. In the HS group, this increase in neuronal @entity10092 IR was even more pronounced, but owing to @entity528 the number of @entity10092 -immunoreactive neurons was reduced compared with the non-HS group. IR for mGluR1alpha was found in the cell bodies of principal neurons in all hippocampal subfields and in stratum oriens and hilar interneurons. No difference in mGluR1alpha IR was observed between neurons in both @entity1315 groups and the control group. However, owing to @entity528 , the number of mGluR1alpha-positive neurons was markedly reduced in the HS group. The up-regulation of @entity10092 in surviving neurons is probably a consequence rather than a cause of the @entity302 and may contribute to the hyperexcitability of the hippocampus in pharmaco-resistant @entity1315 @entity1 . Thus, our data point to a prominent role of @entity10092 in @entity1 @entity1315 and indicate @entity10092 signalling as potential target for new anti- @entity302 drugs.

title: Up-regulation of hippocampal metabotropic @entity2227 receptor 5 in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'epileptic']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal loss']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to study the renal circulatory effects of @entity859 in @entity1 with chronic @entity712 ( @entity712 ). BACKGROUND: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is often reduced in @entity1 with chronic @entity712 and may lead to decreased renal function. The cause of reduced @entity8 is multifactorial and involves systemic as well as local vasoregulatory mechanisms. Stimulation of renal @entity859 A1 receptors in animal models has resulted in a significant vasoconstriction of afferent and efferent glomerular arterioles and deterioration of renal function. Although @entity859 serum levels have been shown to be elevated in @entity1 with @entity712 , their effect on the renal circulation in this @entity1 population has not been studied. METHODS: Nine @entity1 with @entity712 from @entity1002 were studied. The effects of @entity859 at a dose of 10(-5) mol/liter infused directly into the main renal artery on heart rate, renal artery blood pressure, renal artery cross-sectional area (measured by intravascular ultrasound), renal Doppler blood flow velocity (measured by a Doppler flow wire in the renal artery), @entity8 and renal vascular resistance (RVR) were evaluated. RESULTS: Infusion of @entity859 resulted in no significant effect on @entity551 but caused a substantial increase in RVR (11,204 +/- 1,469 to 31,494 +/- 3,911 dynes x s x cm(-5), p = 0.0005), which led to a marked fall in @entity8 in every @entity1 (mean values 376 +/- 36 to 146 +/- 22 ml/m2, p = 0.0002). These changes in RVR and @entity8 were associated with no significant change in renal artery cross-sectional area (0.389 +/- 0.040 to 0.375 +/- 0.033 cm2, p = 0.3). CONCLUSIONS: Stimulation of renal @entity859 receptors in @entity1 with @entity712 results in marked renal vasoconstriction that leads to an important reduction in @entity8 . Lack of change in renal artery cross-sectional area suggests that @entity859 affects intrarenal resistance blood vessels rather than large conductance vessels. These results may indicate a rationale for investigation of renal @entity859 receptor blockade for enhancement of @entity8 and improvement of renal function in @entity1 with chronic @entity712 .

title: Renal circulatory effects of @entity859 in XXXX with @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal blood flow', 'RBF']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['heart rate or renal artery blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: As a possible marker of oxidative stress, many studies have measured whole blood reduced @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ) and @entity9492 ( @entity9492 ). However, large differences in @entity6172 and @entity9492 levels reported in different studies, calls for a reliable standardized method. In this study, we validate not only analytical performance of new measurement method for @entity6172 and @entity9492 , but also the clinical utility of these markers in a @entity19 model with chronic oxidative stress. Twenty @entity19 were randomized into four treatment groups according to @entity68 burden: 0mg, 5mg, 10mg, or 15mg of @entity68 were injected into the peritoneum per day over 4 weeks. To prevent artifactual @entity6172 auto-oxidation, we pretreated the sample with @entity8816 ( @entity17462 ) immediately after sample collection. After protein precipitation using @entity44254 , @entity9492 and @entity6172 - @entity17462 were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC- @entity15 / @entity15 ). The mean @entity6172 / @entity9492 ratios of the @entity19 model were 163.1, 31.0, 27.9, and 12.8 for control, 5mg, 10mg, and 15mg injection groups, respectively, showing a decrease in the @entity6172 / @entity9492 ratios according to the amount of oxidative stress induced. Inter-assay coefficients of variation were 4.1% for @entity6172 - @entity17462 and 7.3% for @entity9492 . Recoveries were 98.0-105.9% for @entity6172 - @entity17462 and 98.0-107.3% for @entity9492 . No ion suppression was observed at the retention time for @entity6172 - @entity17462 and @entity9492 . This study suggests an accurate method that can be used for @entity2041 measurement using LC- @entity15 / @entity15 , and showed that @entity6172 / @entity9492 ratio could provide an assessment of the degree of oxidative stress.

title: Validation of a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method to measure oxidized and reduced forms of XXXX in whole blood and verification in a @entity19 model as an indicator of oxidative stress.

entities_list: @entity9492 :: ('MESH:D019803', 'Chemical') :: ['GSSG', 'oxidized glutathione']

entities_list: @entity44254 :: ('MESH:C003366', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfosalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity8816 :: ('MESH:D005033', 'Chemical') :: ['N-ethylmaleimide']

answer: @entity2041 :: (MESH:D005978,Chemical) :: ['glutathione']


abstract: @entity2513 are macroscopically visible morphological changes of the mucosa that can develop focal @entity189 in the absence of surgical intervention. The successive molecular changes proposed to occur at different stages in the @entity2513 sequence were primarily based on DNA studies of exophytic, polypoid-type @entity652 . Not all colorectal lesions, however, display an exophytic phenotype and a presumed distinct @entity14 , the nonpolypoid @entity652 , was subsequently described as a precursor of @entity14 . The low incidence of @entity984 mutations in nonpolypoid @entity2513 reported previously suggested a different genetic basis for the transformation process in these lesions. We have pursued the identification of genetic changes in benign sporadic nonpolypoid @entity2513 in a selected Swedish @entity1 group with no family history of @entity14 . Mutation screening of the @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ), @entity984 , and @entity876 genes was conducted using the protein truncation test, heteroduplex-single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis, and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis on PCR-amplified fragments. Fourteen mutations in the @entity1412 gene were characterized in 10/20 samples. Mutations in the @entity984 and @entity876 genes were identified in 3/57 and 4/51 @entity652 , respectively. The mutation frequencies and distribution of mutations in @entity1412 correlate with published data on exophytic @entity652 . The low mutation frequency of the @entity876 gene is consistent with the benign nature of the research material. @entity984 activation (an early event in polypoid @entity2513 ) apparently does not play a significant role in nonpolypoid @entity652 development but may result in the development of a polypoid configuration. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 27:202-208, 2000.

title: Somatic mutations of the XXXX , @entity984 , and @entity876 genes in nonpolypoid @entity2513 .

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyposis coli', 'APC']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasm', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomas', 'Colorectal adenomas', 'adenoma-carcinoma']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['APC']


abstract: A new venous microdialysis probe for @entity1 was developed. The active area was made with cellulose membrane (220 mm outside diameter, length 20 mm, and 6000 molecular weight cut off). @entity413 measurements were used to test it. The relative recovery was 50% in dialysates obtained in vitro, the step response was 91.8% in the first 2 min. The in vivo recovery was 65.8% obtained by the no net flux method, with the probe placed in the cubital vein of the subjects arms. Corrected @entity413 in dialysates was non significantly different from plasma @entity413 simultaneously collected. In healthy male volunteers from 18 to 37 years of age, mean 22.1 years, the @entity413 levels in the blood dialysates were measured every 30 min, 60 min before and 150 min after an oral load of 75 g of @entity413 or vehicle. @entity413 increased significantly after the load. The differences with the control group were significant at 60 and 90 min after the treatment. The results showed the easy and safe application of this technique to monitor endogenous and exogenous compounds in the extracellular compartment of blood in out @entity1 .

title: Blood microdialysis in XXXX : a new method for monitoring plasma compounds.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['Glucose', 'glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity439 surgery (EVAR) was introduced a decade ago. Early results are promising, however, there remain concerns regarding the longer-term durability of this technique. Consequently, the national multi-centre EVAR trial has been commenced to define the role of endovascular surgery in the management of @entity1028 . DISCUSSION: Successful EVAR requires accurate pre-operative assessment of @entity439 morphology. Current stent-grafts allow 60% of all infra-renal AAA to be treated. Reduced physiological stress and low peri-operative morbidity and mortality rates have been demonstrated with this technique when compared to open repair. Endoleak is an Achilles heel of EVAR, although in itself does not accurately predict outcome. First and second generation devices are estimated to have a 1% per year risk of @entity397 . CONCLUSIONS: Increased understanding of the issues surrounding @entity439 morphology and successful stent-grafting have allowed a major reduction of early type I endoleak. Late endoleak and graft migration remain problematic. @entity1070 are risk factors for subsequent @entity397 although the significance of @entity1070 remains uncertain. More robust indicators of outcome success/failure are required so that follow-up may be rationalised.

title: Endovascular repair of XXXX : current status.

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm', 'Endovascular aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['type II endoleak', 'Type I and III endoleaks']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and their receptors (BMPRs) are now known to have important roles in @entity1 ovarian folliculogenesis. This study determined the expression of the mRNA encoding for BMPs and their receptors in the @entity1573 ovary and explored possible roles for them. The expression of the mRNA for @entity63150 , and @entity69420 was determined and quantified by a semiquantitative RT-PCR. The mRNAs for all the BMPs and receptors determined were present in both the granulosa (G) and theca (T) cells of the F1, F2, and F3 follicles. All BMP mRNAs increased in G cells with follicular development, whereas only @entity37412 mRNA had this trend in the T cells. @entity69421 mRNAs in T were similar between follicles. BMPR-IA mRNA was similar in F2G and F3G but lower in F1G. BMPR-IB mRNA was similar in G of all follicles, and @entity69420 mRNA increased with development. In the T, each receptor subtype showed equal distribution between follicles. mRNA levels for @entity69420 were higher in G than in T, suggesting that the G is a major target for BMPs. @entity69422 stimulated basal, @entity2090 -, and gonadotropin-stimulated @entity1420 production by cultured G cells, with differential responses between cells from the F1 and F3/4. This suggests involvement in follicular differentiation. @entity69422 reversed the inhibitory effects of transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha on basal and gonadotropin-stimulated G cell @entity1420 production, with greater effect in the F1 than in the F3/4. This effect suggests an important role for BMPs interacting with @entity20979 in modulating the effects of gonadotropins and @entity2090 on follicular differentiation. Finally, @entity37412 stimulated G cell proliferation, but @entity2089 inhibited @entity20979 + @entity2090 - and/or FSH-stimulated G cell proliferation, suggesting a role in the control of follicular growth during development. These effects of @entity69422 on the G cell function showed relationships with the expression levels of the BMPs and the @entity69420 .

title: BMPs and BMPRs in @entity1573 ovary and effects of @entity69422 on granulosa cell proliferation and XXXX production in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between caries and @entity3232 in the early and late mixed dentition in a population of @entity1 of Chinese migrant workers in Shanghai. METHODS: Dental charts were obtained for 646 @entity1 in the mixed dentition, aged between 6 and 13 years old. The decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index and interproximal tooth structure lost due to caries (ITSLC) were evaluated. RESULTS: In the early mixed dentition, @entity2632 was more likely to be ideal in subjects with DMFT > 0. In the late mixed dentition, crowding in both arches was greater in subjects with DMFT > 0. In the total sample, crowding in the lower arch only was greater in subjects with DMFT > 0. In the early mixed dentition, @entity3232 was lower in subjects with ITSLC in the upper arch and in both arches and the rate of anterior crossbite was higher in subjects with ITSLC in the upper arch. In the late mixed dentition, @entity2632 was more likely to be ideal in subjects with ITSLC in the upper arch and @entity3232 was greater in subjects with ITSLC in both arches. In the total sample, @entity2632 was more likely to be ideal in subjects with ITSLC in the upper arch and lower crowding was greater in subjects with ITSLC in both arches. CONCLUSION: A relationship exists between caries and @entity3232 , and between ITSLC and @entity3232 , and some relationships may change with dental age.

title: The Relationship between Caries and Malocclusion in Chinese Migrant Workers' XXXX in Shanghai.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2632 :: ('MESH:D057887', 'Disease') :: ['overjet', 'overbite']

entities_list: @entity3232 :: ('MESH:D008310', 'Disease') :: ['upper crowding', 'malocclusion']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: During retrospective and prospective studies, we attempted to determine the clinical characteristics, treatment, and visual outcome of @entity1 with @entity2038 and to evaluate the association between @entity2038 and @entity15 ( @entity15 ). The retrospective study included 44 @entity1 with @entity2038 , who had been examined between October 1986 and January 1999. We analyzed age, sex, visual acuity (VA), median follow-up time, and medical and surgical treatments. The prospective study, which included 21 consecutive @entity1 with @entity2038 , was performed to determine the presence of @entity15 . In the retrospective study, the mean @entity1 age was 22.4 years (SD +/- 11.5) and the median follow-up was 34.9 months (SD +/- 27.2). Complications included macular @entity4 (47.7%), vitreous opacities (38.6%), @entity1829 (38.6%), @entity1333 (36.4%), and @entity231 (20.5%). Forty @entity1 (90.9%) had a final bilateral VA better than 20/40. In the prospective study, @entity2996 ( @entity2996 ) was performed. @entity17 were found in 10 (47.6%) of the 21 @entity1 and relapsing-remitting clinically definite @entity15 was diagnosed in seven (33.3%). With the exception of age, no significantly statistical differences were observed when the visual prognosis and the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics were compared between the two groups of @entity1 with and without associated @entity15 ; a diagnosis of @entity15 was more frequently made in @entity1 over 25 years of age. With appropriate treatment, @entity1 with @entity2038 have a good visual prognosis. Because the presence of @entity17 seems to be high among @entity1 with @entity2038 , @entity2996 should be considered, especially in @entity1 over 25 years of age.

title: XXXX : epidemiology, treatment, and association with @entity15 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['Demyelinating lesions', 'demyelinating lesions']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity2996 :: ('MESH:C564543', 'Disease') :: ['MRI', 'magnetic resonance imaging']

entities_list: @entity2038 :: ('MESH:D015868', 'Disease') :: ['pars planitis']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papillitis']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity2038 :: (MESH:D015868,Disease) :: ['Pars planitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Nano- @entity6701 (nano- @entity3759 ) is one of the most universal engineered nano-materials while @entity14911 ( @entity14912 ) is a typical new persistent organic pollutant. They are widely used and present in aquatic environment. In this study, a novel semi-static multilayer microcosm was setup to investigate the impacts of nano- @entity3759 on @entity14912 bioaccumulation in fish species [ @entity3392 ( @entity3392 ), @entity26584 ( @entity26584 ), Hypostomus plecostomus (H. plecostomus)] living in different vertical layers. As a result of aggregation and deposition, the concentration of @entity3759 increased from upper to bottom layers in the water column. Concomitantly, due to adsorption of @entity14912 on the nano- @entity3759 particles, @entity14912 also displayed an increasing trend from upper to bottom layer. Owing to ingestion of the @entity3759 - @entity14912 complexes, more @entity14912 was taken-up by fish. With the aid of intestinal fluid, @entity14912 was readily released from @entity3759 particles and absorbed by fish. As a result, accumulation of @entity14912 in whole fish was facilitated and the bioaccumulation factors of @entity14912 in @entity3392 , @entity26584 and H. plecostomus were 3.01, 2.42 and 1.11 times of that in the groups without @entity3759 . However, @entity3759 aggregates were too large to penetrate biological membranes to participate body circulation, and no significant accumulation of @entity3759 was observed in fish muscle. The results suggested that the ecological risk of @entity14912 could be enhanced due to the presence of nano- @entity3759 in water.

title: Effects of nano- XXXX on @entity14911 bioaccumulation in fishes living in different water layers: Implications for enhanced risk of @entity14911 .

entities_list: @entity14911 :: ('MESH:C076994', 'Chemical') :: ['perfluorooctanesulfonate']

entities_list: @entity26584 :: ('7959', 'Species') :: ['Ctenopharyngodon idella', 'C. idella']

entities_list: @entity6701 :: ('MESH:C009495', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium dioxide']

entities_list: @entity3392 :: ('7955', 'Species') :: ['D. rerio', 'Danio rerio']

answer: @entity3759 :: (CHEBI:32234,Chemical) :: ['TiO2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity370 @entity1 suffer from @entity1295 and exercise limitation. The aim of this study was to establish whether a physical training program improves these and other outcomes important to @entity370 @entity1 . METHODS: From 11/2012 to 9/2014, 201 @entity370 @entity1 were referred to the ild care expertise team, Ede, the Netherlands. In our center, all @entity1 are routinely recommended to undergo testing at baseline to determine their physical functioning and encouraged to complete a 12-week, supervised physical training program. Ninety @entity1 underwent baseline testing and returned for repeat testing at 3  months in the interim, 49 completed the training program (Group I) and 41 chose not to participate (Group II). Change over time (from baseline to 3  months) in @entity1295 , exercise capacity, and skeletal muscle strength were assessed between the two groups. RESULTS: At baseline, there were no between-group differences for @entity1295 , DLCO  %, FVC  %, or exercise capacity [assessed by percent predicted six-minute walk distance (6MWD  %) and Steep Ramp Test (SRT)]. The 6MWD for Group I improved between baseline and 3  months, while the 6MWD remained the same in Group II (F  =  72.2, p  <  0.001). Group I showed a significantly larger decrease of @entity1295 compared with Group II (F  =  6.27, p  =  0.014). Lung function tests did not change in either group. CONCLUSION: A supervised physical training program improves exercise capacity and @entity1295 among @entity370 @entity1 and should be included in their management regimen.

title: Benefits of Physical Training in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis', 'Sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['Sarcoidosis']


abstract: @entity453 is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly in the United States. In this age group, the clinical presentation of @entity301 can be quite atypical. In general, the incidence of typical precordial chest pressure/ @entity158 denoting @entity741 is less common, whereas @entity1353 as an anginal-equivalent symptom is frequent. The diagnosis of @entity63 @entity158 is frequently confused by the many comorbid conditions present in the elderly. Even when classic @entity63 precordial discomfort is present, it tends to be less severe and less well defined. The elderly appear to have reduced @entity158 perception; as a result, silent @entity741 is more common and carries a somewhat worse prognosis in the elderly than in younger age groups. Similarly, the presenting symptoms of @entity583 in the elderly can be nonspecific. The classic crushing substernal chest @entity158 decreases with age, whereas the symptom of @entity1353 gradually increases. @entity16 , @entity911 states, @entity425 , and worsening @entity712 are common clinical presentations of an acute @entity1188 in elderly @entity1 . Silent (unrecognized) @entity583 are common in the elderly and carry serious prognostic implications.

title: Clinical manifestations of @entity583 in older XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarctions', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurologic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusional']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'cardiac pain']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Proper brain function requires stringent balance of excitatory and inhibitory synapse formation during neural circuit assembly. Mutation of genes that normally sculpt and maintain this balance results in severe @entity409 , causing @entity245 including @entity2438 , @entity302 and @entity6694 . Such mutations may result in defective architectural structuring of synaptic connections, molecular assembly of synapses and/or functional synaptogenesis. The affected genes often encode synaptic components directly, but also include regulators that secondarily mediate the synthesis or assembly of synaptic proteins. The prime example is @entity2100 ( @entity2100 ), the leading heritable cause of both @entity717 and @entity72 . @entity2100 results from loss of mRNA-binding @entity62121 , which regulates synaptic transcript trafficking, stability and translation in activity-dependent synaptogenesis and plasticity mechanisms. Genetic models of @entity2100 exhibit striking excitatory and inhibitory synapse imbalance, associated with impaired cognitive and social interaction behaviors. Downstream of translation control, a number of specific synaptic proteins regulate excitatory versus inhibitory synaptogenesis, independently or combinatorially, and loss of these proteins is also linked to disrupted neurodevelopment. The current effort is to define the cascade of events linking transcription, translation and the role of specific synaptic proteins in the maintenance of excitatory versus inhibitory synapses during neural circuit formation. This focus includes mechanisms that fine-tune excitation and inhibition during the refinement of functional synaptic circuits, and later modulate this balance throughout life. The use of powerful new genetic models has begun to shed light on the mechanistic bases of excitation/inhibition imbalance for a range of @entity16 states.

title: Genetic controls balancing excitatory and inhibitory synaptogenesis in XXXX models.

entities_list: @entity6694 :: ('MESH:D015518', 'Disease') :: ['Rett syndrome']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental disorders']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental disease']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['FXS', 'Fragile X syndrome']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['autism spectrum disorders']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disability']

answer: @entity245 :: (MESH:D002658,Disease) :: ['neurodevelopmental disorder']


abstract: @entity45575 ( @entity45575 ) proteoglycans have been implicated as molecules that are involved in axon guidance in the developing neural pathways. The spatiotemporal expression of @entity45575 was investigated in the developing retinofugal pathway in @entity19 embryos by using the @entity45575 -56 antibody. Immunoreactive @entity45575 was detected in inner regions of the retina as early as embryonic day 11 (E11). Its expression in subsequent stages of development followed a centrifugal, receding gradient that appeared to correlate with the sequence of axogenesis in the retina. In the chiasm, immunoreactive @entity45575 was expressed at E12, before the arrival of retinal axons. When the retinal axons navigated in the chiasm at E13-E14, immunoreactive @entity45575 remained at a low level in the optic fiber layer of the chiasm but was observed prominently in the caudal parts of the ventral diencephalon. This pattern followed closely the array of stage-specific-embryonic-antigen-1-positive neurons in the ventral diencephalon, with a V-shaped configuration that bordered the posterior boundary of the retinal axons, and a rostral raphe extension that ran across the decussating axons in the chiasm. Thus, the @entity45575 is implicated in patterning the course of early retinal axons and in regulating axon divergence in the chiasm. At the lateral region of the chiasm, where the retinal axons cross the midline and approach the optic tract, a @entity45575 -immunopositive region coincided with the region in which active sorting of dorsal retinal axons from ventral retinal axons occurs. Moreover, at the threshold of the optic tract, the immunoreactive @entity45575 was restricted only to the deep part of the optic fiber layer, suggesting an inhibitory role of the @entity45575 in repelling newly arrived axons to superficial regions of the optic tract during the development of chronotopic order at this part of the retinofugal pathway.

title: Expression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in the chiasm of XXXX embryos.

entities_list: @entity45575 :: ('MESH:C535787', 'Disease') :: ['Chondroitin sulfate', 'CS', 'CS epitope']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the @entity2548 ( @entity2548 ) is increasingly performed for hemodialysis vascular access in @entity1 lacking adequate superficial veins, little is known about the long-term patency or risk factors for failure. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted for 99 @entity1 who had a @entity2548 created between April 1997 and October 2001. Primary outcomes were unassisted and assisted patency rates and primary failure rates. RESULTS: This was the first access procedure in 46% of @entity1 , mean age was 55 years, and 46% were @entity1 . Unassisted and assisted patency rates were 47% and 64% at 1 year and 41% and 58% at 2 years, respectively. @entity177 occurred in 23% of cases. Unassisted access patency was significantly worse in @entity1 with a previous access (relative risk [RR], 2.04; confidence interval [CI], 1.09 to 3.85; P = 0.03) or an ipsilateral central venous catheter (RR, 2.92; CI, 1.34 to 6.38; P < 0.01). @entity177 was affected by older age (RR, 2.0; CI, 1.20 to 3.38; P < 0.01), @entity28 (RR, 7.1; CI, 1.65 to 30.1; P < 0.05), and a previous vascular access (RR, 6.4; CI, 1.49 to 27.6; P = 0.01). @entity3526 requiring intervention occurred in 5% of cases. CONCLUSION: In summary, the @entity2548 provides a viable option for vascular access; however, certain @entity1 characteristics seem to affect long-term patency and should be considered when exploring access options.

title: Vascular access outcomes using the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Primary access failure']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['TBAVF', 'transposed basilic vein arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity3526 :: ('MESH:D013349', 'Disease') :: ['Steal syndrome']

answer: @entity2548 :: (MESH:D001164,Disease) :: ['transposed basilic vein arteriovenous fistula']


abstract: Isolation of the temperature-sensitive @entity526 mutant 72c has been described previously. The mutant allele was named fusB and causes a pleiotropic phenotype, the most striking features of which, besides temperature sensitivity, are the inability to grow on synthetic medium and supersensitivity to @entity206 , an antibiotic that inhibits the C1 metabolism. This work shows that the fusB mutation is a frameshift mutation in the nadD gene that encodes @entity65674 adenylyltransferase. The frameshift leads to a change of the last 10 @entity1522 and an addition of 17 @entity1522 . This lesion, renamed nadD72, leads to very little @entity2125 + and @entity1110 synthesis at the permissive temperature and essentially no synthesis at the non-permissive temperature. As a comparison, a new mutation in the nadD gene, with an @entity535 change in the @entity855 -binding site, has been isolated. Its @entity2125 + synthesis is decreased at 30 degrees C but the level is still sufficient to support normal growth. At 42 degrees C, @entity2125 + synthesis is reduced further, which leads to temperature sensitivity on minimal medium. This mutation was designated nadD74. Thus, a small decrease in @entity2125 + levels affects ability to grow on minimal medium at 42 degrees C, while a large decrease leads to a more pleiotropic phenotype.

title: fusB is an allele of nadD, encoding @entity65674 adenylyltransferase in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity65674 :: ('MESH:C002953', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinate mononucleotide']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: A study has been made of the roles played by complement and @entity6415 ( @entity6415 ) in the acute destruction of xenografts of @entity35 skin that follows injection of their hosts with antisera specifically reactive with graft antigens. The @entity35 skin was grafted onto @entity19 whose immune responses were suppressed by removal of the thymus and a brief course of treatment with rabbit antimouse lymphocyte serum. At about 2 wk after grafting the @entity19 were injected intravenously or intraperitoneally with mouse antirat serum (MARS). This time interval was chosen because it avoided the complications that might be associated with either the process of healing in or with incipient rejection. Signs of graft damage were evident as early as 10 min after the injection of MARS, and in most animals so injected the grafts were completely destroyed within 24-48 h. The role of complement (C) in this acute destructive process is indicated by the results of three lines of experimentation. (a) Non-C-fixing antibodies or antibody fragments failed to cause damage to the grafts. Indeed, both chicken antirat serum and F(ab')(2) fragments from rabbit antirat serum completely protected the grafts against the effects of MARS that was administered 24 h later. (b) When @entity19 were depleted of hemolytic C by treatment with cobra venom factor or heat-aggregated gamma globulin, the damage caused by MARS was greatly reduced or completely inhibited. (c) In @entity19 with a genetically determined absence of C5 much greater quantities of MARS were required to cause graft damage; the tempo of the destructive process was consistently slower; and a greater number of grafts recovered from the initial inflammatory process than was the case for animals with an intact complement system. The participation of @entity6415 in serum-mediated destruction of grafts was initially suggested by the results of microscope examination of fixed tissues. The essential role of these cells in the process is indicated by the failure of MARS to cause tissue damage in @entity19 whose circulating @entity6415 have been reduced to very low levels by treatment with @entity1568 mustard or more specifically with an anti- @entity6415 serum. The absence of tissue damage when circulating @entity6415 are reduced but C levels are normal suggests that C-mediated cytolysis is unimportant in graft destruction and that the role of C lies in its ability to generate chemotactic factors. The latter may then attract the @entity6415 that provide mediators of tissue damage.

title: Acute destruction by humoral antibody of XXXX skin grafted to @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity6415 :: ('MESH:C566014', 'Disease') :: ['polymorphonuclear leukocytes', 'PMN']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Using an adult cohort of @entity1 with @entity6191 , we aimed to identify risk factors for development of @entity302 ( @entity302 ), which if identifiable would allow @entity1 to receive earlier treatment and more specifically individualized treatment plans. METHODS: For the case-control study, 118 @entity1 with @entity6191 ( @entity6191 ) between the ages of 18 and 75 were included after selection from a database of 800 @entity1 referred from throughout the Saskatchewan Epilepsy Program. Definitions were used in accordance with ILAE criteria. The odds ratio and its confidence interval were calculated. We performed a logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Forty-four (37%) @entity1 fulfilled the definition of @entity302 (cases), and @entity410 in 74 (63%) @entity1 were not intractable (controls). @entity1 with @entity302 were significantly younger than the controls at the onset of @entity302 (6.6 vs. 18.8years, p=<0.001). Significant variables on univariate analysis were the following: @entity302 diagnosed prior to 12years (OR: 12.1, CI: 4.8-29.9, p<0.001), previous history of @entity159 (OR: 15.1, CI: 3.2-70.9, p<0.001), @entity245 (OR: 12.6, CI: 4.9-32, p<0.001), and @entity302 (OR: 10.5, CI: 3.9-27.8, p<0.001). Our study showed some protective factors for @entity302 such as a good response to first AED, idiopathic etiology, and history of @entity410 . In the logistic regression analysis, two variables remained statistically significant: @entity245 and more than one @entity410 type. CONCLUSION: Our study has identified a set of variables that predict @entity302 in @entity1 with @entity6191 . Risk factors identified in our study are similar to those previously identified in pediatric studies, however, our study is specifically tailored to adult @entity1 with @entity6191 .

title: Predicting drug resistance in adult XXXX with @entity6191 : A case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'febrile seizures']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'drug-resistant epilepsy', 'cryptogenic epilepsy', 'DRE']

entities_list: @entity6191 :: ('MESH:D004829', 'Disease') :: ['GE', 'generalized epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Left hepatic trisectionectomy (LHT) is a challenging major anatomical hepatectomy with a high complication rate and a worldwide experience that remains limited. The aim of this study was to describe changes in surgical practice over time, to analyse the outcomes of @entity1 undergoing LHT for @entity5 , and to identify factors associated with morbidity and mortality. METHODS: A cohort study was undertaken of @entity1 who underwent LHT at a single tertiary hepatobiliary referral centre between January 1993 and March 2013. Univariable and multivariable analysis was used to identify factors associated with short- and long-term outcomes following LHT. RESULT: Some 113 @entity1 underwent LHT for @entity14 (57), @entity201 (22), @entity1419 (12) and @entity157 (11); 11 @entity1 had various other indications. Overall morbidity and 90-day mortality rates were 46  0 and 9  7 per cent respectively. Overall 1- and 3-year survival rates were 71  3 and 44  4 per cent respectively. @entity99 and intraoperative blood transfusion were independent predictors of postoperative morbidity, whereas blood transfusion was the only factor predictive of in-hospital mortality. Time period analysis revealed a decreasing trend in blood transfusion, duration of hospital stay, and postoperative morbidity and mortality in the last 5 years. CONCLUSION: Morbidity, mortality and long-term survival after LHT support its use in selected @entity1 with a significant @entity5 burden.

title: Clinical outcomes of left hepatic trisectionectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'hepatobiliary malignancy']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['hilar cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1419 :: ('MESH:C535533', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal liver metastasis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Total hepatic vascular exclusion']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['hepatobiliary malignancy']


abstract: @entity14782 ( @entity14782 ) is a novel approach for delivering drugs directly into @entity1313 by intracranial infusion, enabling the distribution of high drug concentrations over large tissue volumes. This study was designed to present a method for binding @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) to unique crystalline, highly ordered and superparamagnetic maghemite nanoparticles via human serum albumin (HSA) coating, optimized for @entity14782 treatments of @entity11 . Naked nanoparticles and HSA- or @entity968 ( @entity970 )-coated nanoparticles with/without @entity1500 were studied. In vitro results showed no @entity137 and a similar cell-kill efficacy of the @entity1500 -loaded particles via HSA coating to that of free @entity1500 , while @entity1500 -loaded particles via @entity970 coating showed low efficacy. In vivo, the @entity970 -coated nanoparticles provided the largest distributions in normal @entity35 brain and long clearance times, but due to their low efficacy in vitro, were not considered optimal. The naked nanoparticles provided the smallest distributions and shortest clearance times. The HSA-coated nanoparticles (with/without @entity1500 ) provided good distributions and long clearance times (nearly 50% of the distribution volume remained in the brain 3 weeks post treatment). No @entity1500 -related @entity137 was noted. These results suggest that the formulation in which HSA was bound to our nanoparticles via a unique precipitation method, and @entity1500 was bound covalently to the HSA, could enable efficient and stable drug loading with no apparent @entity137 . The cell-kill efficacy of the bound @entity1500 remained similar to that of free @entity1500 , and the nanoparticles presented efficient distribution volumes and slow clearance times in vivo, suggesting that these particles are optimal for @entity14782 .

title: XXXX of @entity1499 -loaded maghemite nanoparticles.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity14782 :: ('MESH:C564835', 'Disease') :: ['Convection-enhanced delivery', 'CED']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity14782 :: (MESH:C564835,Disease) :: ['Convection-enhanced delivery']


abstract: AIM: In this study we investigated sleep and circadian rhythm, functioning and psychopathological symptoms in @entity1 with @entity161 . We looked for answers to the following questions: What percentage of @entity1 with @entity161 after a therapeutic process in the daily psychiatric ward suffers from @entity22 and excessive @entity25 ? What factors influence the functioning of @entity1 with @entity161 . METHODS: 23 @entity1 and 23 healthy controls matched for age and sex (14 @entity1 , 9 @entity1 ; mean age 40.5 +/- 13.66) were examined. All subjects filled out sleep diaries, underwent actigraphy for 7 days, and ratings with scales for the assessment of sleep quality, @entity25 , general clinical state and the degree of improvement, presence and severity of @entity308 , @entity137 . RESULTS: Moderate @entity22 was found in 6 (26%), severe @entity22 in 2 (8%) @entity1 . Four @entity1 (17%) suffered from severe @entity25 . Actigraphy showed a low activity level that had influence on the functioning of @entity1 . The functioning of the @entity1 was most negatively influenced by negative symptoms of @entity161 and @entity137 . Older @entity1 and those who were ill for a longer time presented more @entity137 and they were more @entity308 . The @entity1 spent more time in bed and had longer sleep time than healthy controls. The @entity1 presented highest activity at the time of therapeutic activities. CONCLUSIONS: Despite improvement of psychopathological symptoms, many @entity1 with @entity161 still present low daytime activity and clinically significant @entity22 and/or @entity25 , which deteriorates their functioning.

title: [Sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['psychopathological symptoms and depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['drug side effects']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sleep duration holds considerable importance as an indicator of mental/physical health. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between sleep duration, @entity1032 , and @entity102 prevalence in Koreans. METHODS: Of 31,596 subjects eligible for the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V (2010-2012), 17,638 @entity1 who answered items on sleep duration (aged >= 19  yrs) were analyzed in a cross-sectional study. Association between sleep duration, @entity1032 , and @entity102 prevalence was assessed using logistic regression, and adjusted for various socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics. RESULTS: Short or long sleep duration showed correlations with @entity1032 , and items of significance showed gender-specific patterns. @entity1 displayed significant associations with stress and @entity308 , and @entity1 with stress, thoughts of suicide, and @entity146 counseling. While stress was related with @entity25 in both genders, @entity308 showed a relationship with long duration in @entity1 , and short duration in @entity1 . Prevalence of any @entity102 was associated with  <=6  h sleep when adjusted for factors including @entity1032 , and among @entity102 , @entity5 and @entity571 showed associations with @entity25 , while @entity6 and @entity2299 were associated with normal sleep duration. CONCLUSIONS: Mental health problems were associated with sleep duration with gender-specific patterns. Associations with @entity571 , @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity2299 and @entity25 persisted after adjustment for @entity1032 .

title: The association between XXXX , @entity102 and sleep duration in Koreans: a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental health']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease', 'chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['short sleep duration', 'abnormal sleep duration']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['mental health']


abstract: Activation of cannabinoid CB(2) receptors attenuates thermal nociception in untreated animals while failing to produce centrally mediated effects such as @entity2332 and @entity8364 [Pain 93 (2001) 239]. The present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that activation of CB(2) in the periphery suppresses the development of @entity158 as well as @entity32 -evoked neuronal activity at the level of the CNS. The CB(2)-selective cannabinoid agonist @entity33748 (100, 330 micrograms/kg i.p.) suppressed the development of carrageenan-evoked thermal and @entity1931 and @entity1931 . The @entity33748 -induced suppression of carrageenan-evoked behavioral sensitization was blocked by the CB(2) antagonist @entity10029 but not by the CB(1) antagonist @entity351 . Intraplantar (ipl) administration of @entity33748 (33 micrograms/kg ipl) @entity1931 and @entity1931 following administration to the carrageenan-injected paw but was inactive following administration in the contralateral (noninflamed) paw, consistent with a local site of action. In immunocytochemical studies, @entity33748 suppressed spinal @entity5019 protein expression, a marker of neuronal activity, in the carrageenan model of @entity32 . @entity33748 suppressed carrageenan-evoked @entity5019 protein expression in the superficial and neck region of the dorsal horn but not in the nucleus proprius or the ventral horn. The suppression of carrageenan-evoked @entity5019 protein expression induced by @entity33748 was blocked by coadministration of @entity10029 in all spinal laminae. These data provide evidence that actions at cannabinoid CB(2) receptors are sufficient to suppress @entity32 -evoked neuronal activity at rostral levels of processing in the spinal dorsal horn, consistent with the ability of @entity33748 to normalize nociceptive thresholds and produce antinociception in @entity158 states.

title: Selective activation of cannabinoid CB(2) receptors suppresses spinal @entity5019 protein expression and @entity158 behavior in a rat model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['mechanical hyperalgesia', 'allodynia', 'suppressed hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity8364 :: ('MESH:D002375', 'Disease') :: ['catalepsy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory pain']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) break down @entity268 , thereby regulating intracellular @entity268 concentrations and diffusion. Since @entity1980 predominates in airway epithelial cells, @entity1980 inhibitors can stimulate @entity5174 ( @entity5174 ) by increasing @entity268 . @entity286 smoking and @entity1030 are associated with decreased @entity5174 function and impaired mucociliary clearance (MCC). However, the effects of the @entity1980 inhibitor @entity21041 on smoke-induced @entity409 have not been fully explored. METHODS: Primary normal @entity1 bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE) from non-smokers, cultured at the air-liquid interface (ALI) were used for most experiments. Cultures were exposed to cigarette smoke in a Vitrocell VC-10 smoking robot. To evaluate the effect of @entity21041 on intracellular @entity268 concentrations, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between @entity9861 (PKA) subunits was recorded. Airway surface liquid (ASL) was measured using light refraction scanning and ciliary beat frequency (CBF) employing infrared differential interference contrast microscopy. @entity2865 conductance was measured in Ussing chambers and @entity5174 expression was quantified with qPCR. RESULTS: While treatment with 100 nM @entity21041 had little effect alone, it increased intracellular @entity268 upon stimulation with @entity1928 and @entity3045 in cultures exposed to cigarette smoke and in control conditions. @entity268 baselines were lower in smoke-exposed cells. @entity21041 prolonged @entity268 increases in smoke-exposed and control cultures. Smoke-induced reduction in functional, @entity3045 -mediated @entity2865 conductance through @entity5174 was improved by @entity21041 . ASL volumes also increased in smoke-exposed cultures in the presence of @entity21041 while it did not in its absence. Cigarette smoke exposure decreased CBF, an effect rescued with @entity21041 , particularly when used together with the long-acting   -mimetic @entity6410 . @entity21041 also enhanced @entity1928 -induced CBF stimulation in ASL volume supplemented smoked and control cells, confirming the direct stimulatory effect of rising @entity268 on ciliary function. In active smokers, @entity5174 mRNA expression was increased compared to non-smokers and ex-smokers. @entity21041 also increased @entity5174 mRNA levels in cigarette-smoke exposed cell cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that @entity21041 can rescue smoke-induced @entity409 by reversing decreased @entity5174 activity, augmenting ASL volume, and stimulating CBF, the latter particularly in combination with @entity6410 . As expected, @entity5174 mRNA expression was not indicative of apical @entity5174 function.

title: @entity21041 partially reverses smoke-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5174 :: ('1080', 'Gene') :: ['CFTR', 'Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['Chloride', 'chloride']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['albuterol']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['mucociliary dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity21041 :: ('MESH:C424423', 'Chemical') :: ['Roflumilast', 'roflumilast']

entities_list: @entity9861 :: ('5199', 'Gene') :: ['CFP- and YFP-tagged protein kinase A']

entities_list: @entity6410 :: ('MESH:C012629', 'Chemical') :: ['formoterol']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['mucociliary dysfunction']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy of the Amsler grid test in detecting central @entity227 ( @entity227 ) defects in @entity726 . DESIGN: Prospective, cross-sectional study. @entity1 : @entity1 with @entity726 with reliable Humphrey 10-2 Swedish Interactive Threshold Algorithm standard @entity227 on the date of enrollment or within the previous 3 months. METHODS: Amsler grid tests were performed for each eye and were considered "abnormal" if there was any perceived @entity1019 with missing or blurry grid lines within the central 10 degrees ("Amsler grid @entity1019 "). An abnormal 10-2 @entity227 was defined as >= 3 adjacent points at P < 0.01 with at least 1 point at P < 0.005 in the same hemifield on the pattern deviation plot. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the Amsler grid @entity1019 area were calculated with the 10-2 @entity227 as the clinical reference standard. Among eyes with an abnormal 10-2 @entity227 , regression analyses were performed between the Amsler grid @entity1019 area and the 10-2 @entity227 parameters ( @entity5494 [ @entity5494 ], @entity1019 extent [number of test points with P < 0.01 in total deviation map] and @entity1019 mean depth [mean sensitivity of test points with P < 0.01 in total deviation map]). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the Amsler grid @entity1019 area. RESULTS: A total of 106 eyes (53 @entity1 ) were included (mean    standard deviation age, 24-2 @entity5494 and 10-2 @entity5494  = 66  12 years,  -9.61  8.64 decibels [dB] and  -9.75  9.00 dB, respectively). Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the Amsler grid test were 68%, 92%, 97%, and 46%, respectively. Sensitivity was 40% in eyes with 10-2 @entity5494 better than  -6 dB, 58% in eyes with 10-2 @entity5494 between  -12 and  -6 dB, and 92% in eyes with 10-2 @entity5494 worse than  -12 dB. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the Amsler grid @entity1019 area was 0.810 (95% confidence interval, 0.723-0.880, P < 0.001). The Amsler grid @entity1019 area had the strongest relationship with 10-2 @entity5494 (quadratic R(2)=0.681), followed by 10-2 @entity1019 extent (quadratic R(2)=0.611) and 10-2 @entity1019 mean depth (quadratic R(2)=0.299) (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The Amsler grid can be used to screen for moderate to severe central @entity1018 from @entity726 .

title: Efficacy of the Amsler Grid Test in Evaluating Glaucomatous Central XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field', 'VF']

entities_list: @entity5494 :: ('MESH:D010262', 'Disease') :: ['mean deviation', 'MD']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['Visual Field Defects']


abstract: The distribution of glucuronic and @entity16369 within the chains of anticoagulantly active and inactive beef lung heparin was investigated. A fraction with an average molecular weight of 19,500 was isolated from the heterodisperse mixture and then separated into active and inactive components by affinity chromatography. Each sample was linked through its reducing terminus to @entity6114 , reduced with @entity8951 , and bound covalently to Sepharose via an azo bridge. The bound reduced heparin was treated with a limited amount of @entity12005 and the degraded fragments were removed. The sections of the chain contiguous with the original reducing terminus were then detached from the insoluble matrix by reaction with @entity6857 . The recovered polysaccharide was fractionated according to size on Sephadex G-200 and the amount of each @entity13275 in the individual fractions was determined. Inactive heparin showed a constant percentage of @entity8686 in all fragments, i.e. about 8.9% of the total @entity13275 . With active heparin the percentage of @entity8686 increased with the distance from the reducing terminus of the polysaccharide chain, ranging from 9.5 to 20% of the uronic acids. These results suggest that the biosynthesis of active heparin involves unique reactions or specific processing of the macromolecule.

title: Distribution of glucuronic and XXXX units in heparin chains.

entities_list: @entity13275 :: ('CHEBI:27252', 'Chemical') :: ['uronic acid']

entities_list: @entity8951 :: ('MESH:C025364', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium borotritide']

entities_list: @entity16369 :: ('MESH:D007067', 'Chemical') :: ['iduronic acid']

entities_list: @entity8686 :: ('MESH:D020723', 'Chemical') :: ['glucuronic acid']

entities_list: @entity6857 :: ('MESH:D004227', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dithionite']

entities_list: @entity6114 :: ('MESH:D014439', 'Chemical') :: ['tyramine']

answer: @entity16369 :: (MESH:D007067,Chemical) :: ['iduronic acid']


abstract: PURPOSE: To draw attention to @entity158 which is a rare @entity410 symptom mostly causing wrong diagnosis and delayed treatment. We present nine @entity1 in whom @entity158 was a prominent initial or early ictal symptom. METHODS: We reviewed the records of 4736 @entity1 , and found nine @entity1 who had @entity158 as an aura or an early prominent symptom of their @entity410 . @entity410 semiology, EEG, and cranial imaging features were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS: Age at @entity410 onset ranged from 6months to 50years, and the mean age during the study was 37.7  11.9years. @entity158 was predominantly peripherally localized in four @entity1 , whereas @entity158 was detected in three @entity1 , and @entity490 was detected in two @entity1 . Electroencephalography (EEG) revealed @entity302 on the temporoparietal and frontotemporal regions in three @entity1 each. Photosensitive generalized @entity302 discharges were detected in one and diffuse background slowing in the remaining two other @entity1 . Electroencephalography abnormalities were lateralized to the contralateral site of the @entity158 in four @entity1 with strictly localized @entity158 . Three @entity1 revealed no abnormality on the cranial MR imaging, whereas others showed different types of abnormality such as @entity3664 (n:1), mesial temporal lobe @entity194 (n:1), white and gray matter sequela lesions (n:1), diffuse @entity62 (n:1), chronic @entity9872 and @entity5219 (n:1), and perivascular space dilatation (n:1). CONCLUSION: @entity158 is a neglected, but important, semiologic symptom with localization and lateralization value in the @entity1 with @entity410 as well as temporal lobe origin. It occurs mainly as peripherally localized, cephalic, or @entity490 and is usually associated with a symptomatic etiology. Awareness of @entity158 is important to avoid misdiagnosis and delayed treatment.

title: Reappraisal of XXXX as a rare symptom of @entity410 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'somatosensorial seizures of parietal', 'seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity3664 :: ('MESH:C548481', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopias']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epileptic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['cephalic pain', 'Pain', 'epileptic pain', 'pain', 'Epileptic pain']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter lesion']

entities_list: @entity9872 :: ('MESH:D004678', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomalacia']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['epileptic pain']


abstract: AIM: To examine the incidence of @entity1722 oncogene amplification in clinically localised @entity263 using in situ hybridisation. METHODS: One hundred and seventeen @entity1 , who had undergone radical prostatectomy, were identified and in situ hybridisation was performed on @entity406 fixed, paraffin wax embedded tissue using the Quantum Appligene probe for @entity1722 . The enzyme peroxidase was used to detect the probe because this enabled a permanent record to be kept. @entity5 in which there were five or more signals in each nucleus in > 20% of the @entity5 cells were considered to have a significantly increased copy number. A serial section from these @entity5 was then hybridised with the chromosome 17 alpha satellite probe. The ratio of the percentage of cells showing an increase in @entity1722 copy number to the number showing polysomy for chromosome 17 was calculated. A ratio above 2 was considered amplified. RESULTS: Biochemical recurrence occurred in 50 (43%) @entity1 and 24 (21%) had clinical recurrence. In situ hybridisation for @entity1722 was accessible in 114 (97%) @entity1 . A significant increase in copy number was present in two @entity1 (1.75 %), but chromosome 17 hybridisation showed that the increase was the result of polysomy rather than true amplification. Both these @entity1 had a Gleason score of 7 and stage T3; they also had recurrent clinical disease with distal metastasis within two and 19 months. CONCLUSIONS: Increased @entity1722 oncogene copy number appears to be rare in clinically localised @entity263 and is related to chromosome 17 polysomy rather than true amplification. As a result, it would not be a useful biomarker for identifying those @entity1 who will have recurrences after radical prostatectomy.

title: @entity1722 oncogene amplification in clinically localised XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic adenocarcinoma', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: The Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX score) is the 10-year estimated risk calculation tool for @entity174 that includes clinical data and hip bone mineral density measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The aim of this cross-sectional study was to elucidate the ability of the FRAX score in discriminating between @entity174 positive and negative pre- and postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity1378 . METHODS: The bone mineral density (by DXA), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level, free @entity1955 (fT4) level, thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) titre, osteocalcin and beta-cross-laps were measured in 27 pre- and postmenopausal @entity1 with newly discovered @entity1378 [age 58.85 +/- 7.83 years, body mass index (BMI) 27.89 +/- 3.46 kg/m2, menopause onset in 46.88 +/- 10.21 years] and 51 matched euthyroid controls (age 59.69 +/- 5.72 years, BMI 27.68 +/- 4.66 kg/m2, menopause onset in 48.53 +/- 4.58 years). The etiology of subclinical hyperthyroisims was @entity1669 or @entity137 . FRAX score calculation was performed in both groups. RESULTS: In the group with @entity1378 the main FRAX score was significantly higher than in the controls (6.50 +/- 1.58 vs. 4.35 +/- 1.56 respectively; p = 0.015). The FRAX score for hip was also higher in the evaluated group than in the controls (1.33 +/- 3.92 vs. 0.50 +/- 0.46 respectively; p = 0.022). There was no correlations between low TSH and @entity174 risk (P > 0.05). The ability of the FRAX score in discriminating between @entity174 positive and negative pre- and postmenopausal female subjects (p < 0.001) is presented by the area under the curve (AUC) plotted via ROC analysis. The determined FRAX score cut-off value by this analysis was 6%, with estimated sensitivity and specificity of 95% and 75.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Pre- and postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity1378 have higher FRAX scores and thus greater risk for low- @entity130 hip @entity174 than euthyroid premenopausal @entity1 . Our results point to the use of FRAX calculator in monitoring pre- and postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity1378 to detect subjects with high @entity174 risk in order to prevent further @entity174 .

title: The Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX score) in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic goiter']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'bone fracture']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroid disease']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical hyperthyroidism']

answer: @entity1378 :: (MESH:D006980,Disease) :: ['subclinical hyperthyroidism']


abstract: The prevalence and yearly incidence of @entity130 between 1 and 16 years of age were studied in a cohort of 16-year-olds, born in 1975, and residing in the County of V  sterbotten, northern Sweden. The study comprised 3007 dental records from the public dental health service. The general distribution was 50.3% @entity1 and 49.7% @entity1 . The records showed that 35% of the @entity1 on one or more occasions had sustained injury to their primary or permanent dentition. The frequency was nearly twice as high for @entity1 (64%) as for @entity1 (36%). Twenty-five percent of the 16-year-olds had met with @entity8495 more than once and this group consisted predominantly of @entity1 . The incidence of @entity130 to primary and permanent teeth was 28 per 1000 per year. The @entity1 had sustained @entity130 to their teeth most frequently when they were 4 years of age and between the ages of 8 and 11. This was also true for @entity1 at 4 and at 9 years of age, although less evidently so. In the primary dentition, the majority of @entity8495 had affected the supporting tissue of the maxillary incisors. In the permanent dentition, 75% of the traumatised teeth were upper incisors. @entity174 of varying severity constituted 60% of all registered diagnoses in this dentition, followed by subluxation (19%) and concussion (11%).

title: XXXX in a cohort of 16-year-olds in northern Sweden.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boys', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Fractures']

entities_list: @entity8495 :: ('MESH:D018677', 'Disease') :: ['dental injuries', 'tooth injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury episodes', 'trauma', 'traumatic tooth injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Traumatic dental injuries']


abstract: This study attempted to determine the failure pattern after radiotherapy for @entity263 using systematic biopsies and serum PSA in assessment of outcome. Between July 1987 and February 1993, 226 @entity1 treated with radical external beam radiotherapy were followed prospectively with systematic transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsies and serum PSA. Four hundred and ten transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsies were performed with 4-7 samples (usually six) per session. Stage distribution was T1b: 32, T1c: 11, T2a: 45, T2b: 62, T3: 50, T4: 6. Median follow-up was 41 months. The rate of positive biopsies continued to decrease over time, reaching a nadir of 30.5% at 30 months post radiotherapy. Local failures have occurred in 17% (38/226) overall, or 13% of T1b, 0% of T1c, 13% of T2a, 20% of T2b and 21% of T3-4. Six additional @entity1 (2.5%) have had biochemical failure and 34 (15%) have biopsy-only failure. Forty seven @entity1 @entity41 on post radiotherapy biopsies (median time 18 months), demonstrated late @entity5 clearance, achieving negative biopsies at a median time of 28 months. Median nadir PSA in @entity1 with no evidence of disease (NED) at last follow-up was 0.5 ng/mL, achieved at 24 months post radiotherapy. For @entity1 with delayed @entity5 clearance, the median nadir PSA was 0.6 ng.mL at 27 months. For those with local failure it was 1.6 ng.mL at 16 months and for all failures, 1.8 ng/mL at 13 months. Systematic prostate biopsies show that @entity5 clearance after radiotherapy may take up to 30 months. @entity5 clearance parallels the fall in serum PSA. Serum PSA nadirs earlier and at a higher value in @entity1 destined to fail.

title: Radiotherapy for XXXX : assessment of results by systematic biopsy and PSA.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Histologic tumor']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['initially showing residual tumor']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['localized prostate cancer']


abstract: Despite an improvement in the surgical management of aortic @entity397 , the observed morbidity and mortality rates remain high. The use of aortic endoprostheses could improve these results, but there are not yet many medium term studies on @entity397 of the isthmus. Between January 2000 and December 2005, we treated endovascularly 9 @entity1 (7 males and 2 females) presenting with a @entity397 of the aortic isthmus, acute in 8 of them and chronic in one case. The average age was 46 years. All of the @entity1 presented with significant traumatic co-morbidity. Ten endoprostheses were used in these 9 @entity1 , and no immediate conversion was necessary. Complete excision of the lesions lasted on average 112 +/- 27 min and there were no per-operative deaths. Hospital mortality was 22% (2 @entity1 : multiple organ failure on day 3, and a CVA on day 10). The mean length of hospital stay was 16 +/- 20 days. The mean follow up of the 7 surviving @entity1 was 38 +/- 17 months. No complications relating to the endoprostheses were reported. In all of the @entity1 an almost complete disappearance of lesions on CT scan was noted: by 6 months for the acute @entity397 and at 1 year for the chronic @entity397 . CONCLUSION: the medium term results of endovascular treatment of @entity397 are good.

title: [Endovascular treatment of aortic XXXX : medium term results].

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['isthmus ruptures', 'rupture', 'ruptures']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['isthmus ruptures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Limited information is available on treatment response of @entity148 in chronic forms of @entity308 . Concurrent @entity148 are @entity308 , but the responsiveness of @entity1 with such comorbidity to different treatments is largely unknown. This study investigated the comparative efficacy of @entity9021 , Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP), and their combination in improving @entity148 in @entity1 with chronic forms of @entity308 , including those with a concurrent @entity148 . METHOD: 681 @entity1 with chronic @entity308 (DSM-IV criteria) participated in a multicenter study of 12 weeks of acute treatment with @entity9021 (N = 226), CBASP (N = 228), or the combination (N = 227). The Hamilton Rating Scale for @entity148 (HAM-A), the HAM-A psychic @entity148 factor, and the @entity148 /arousal subscale of the 30-item Inventory for Depressive Symptomatology-Self Report (IDS-SR-30) were used to assess @entity148 . RESULTS: In the full sample. without controlling for change in depressive symptoms, combination therapy was superior to both monotherapies on all 3 @entity148 measures both in the rate of change and at endpoint. When change in depressive symptoms was controlled for, there were no treatment differences in rate of change from baseline to week 12 on any of the 3 @entity148 measures. In those @entity1 with a concurrent @entity148 , however, the combination was superior to CBASP on the HAM-A and the IDS-SR-30. @entity9021 alone and combination therapy were both superior to CBASP on the HAM-A psychic @entity148 factor. CONCLUSION: For @entity1 with @entity308 , combination therapy is superior to CBASP or @entity9021 alone. Among @entity1 with a concurrent @entity148 , @entity9021 . either alone or in combination with CBASP, improves @entity148 faster than CBASP alone, independent of depressive symptom reduction.

title: Symptomatic and syndromal XXXX : effect of @entity9021 , cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy, and their combination.

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms', 'Anxiety', 'anxiety disorder', 'anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity9021 :: ('MESH:C051752', 'Chemical') :: ['Nefazodone', 'nefazodone']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['chronic depression', 'prevalent in chronic depression', 'major depression', 'major depressive disorder']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['anxiety in chronic forms of major depression']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND AIM: @entity2675 ( @entity2675 ) is a @entity395 which represents only about 0.2% of all @entity5 . The ratio of female to @entity2675 is approximately 100:1. In this study, we review our experience with diagnosis, surgical treatment, and overall management of @entity1 with @entity2675 . METHODS: Overall, 5384 @entity0 @entity1 underwent surgery in Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic during the period of 2001 to 2009. Among these, seventeen were @entity1 . In these @entity1 , data on incidence, clinical symptoms, diagnostic procedures, types of surgical resection, histopathology, adjuvant systematic therapy, genetic investigation and therapeutic results were retrospectively reviewed from their medical records. RESULTS: None of the @entity1 have distant metastases at the time of surgery. In sixteen cases an invasive @entity5 was histopathologically diagnosed, one @entity1 had @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ). Eight @entity1 exhibited locally advanced stage of the disease (IIIB). All @entity1 were primarily treated surgically; in no case neoadjuvant therapy was recommended. From the five @entity1 operated primarily elsewhere, four underwent completion of modified radical mastectomy (RAME) at our institution and one @entity1 underwent subcutaneous (nipple-sparing) mastectomy without the surgery on lymph nodes. Twelve @entity1 were primarily diagnosed and operated at our institution. Ten of these were scheduled for RAME, one @entity1 was recommended total mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy, and one @entity1 underwent total mastectomy without surgery on regional lymph nodes. Adjuvant therapy overall comprised radiotherapy, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and biological therapy. Investigation of BRCA genes was suggested in nine @entity1 , but the results of only four of them are available to date. Two @entity1 exhibited a mutation in BRCA genes. One mutation is explicitly pathogenic; another case represents variation with unknown clinical effect. Twelve @entity1 of the cohort are in complete remission, two are alive with distant metastases and three died (two on @entity5 , one on @entity65 ). CONCLUSION: Our study should point out a rare form of @entity0 . There are some particular differences between male and female @entity0 though the overall clinical management of both is generally similar. There is a necessity of appropriate health education to prevent late diagnosis of @entity0 in @entity1 . Genetic testing should be recommended to every male @entity1 with this disease.

title: [ XXXX --our experience].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma in situ', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'mammary tumors--male breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2675 :: ('MESH:D018567', 'Disease') :: ['Male breast cancer', 'MBC', 'male breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity2675 :: (MESH:D018567,Disease) :: ['Male breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECT: @entity602 is a rare cause of progressive @entity602 and can be corrected surgically. In most previous reports, closure of the dural defect was the recommended procedure. The object of this paper is to describe a new procedure in which spinal cord constriction is released by enlarging the @entity357 ; additionally the postoperative results will be discussed. METHODS: In nine @entity1 with @entity602 , @entity1283 was performed. In eight @entity1 , @entity51 resolved immediately after surgery. In one @entity1 with a severe preoperative @entity51 whose spinal cord herniated massively, deterioration occurred postoperatively. To date, no recurrence of @entity3976 has been observed. CONCLUSIONS: The goals of surgery are to reduce the @entity3976 , return the spinal cord to the normal position, and prevent the recurrence of @entity3976 . The use of sutures to close the dural defect has been the method of choice to date. The surgical space in front of the spinal cord, however, is insufficient to accommodate this procedure safely. Because symptoms are caused by the constriction of the spinal cord at the @entity357 , surgical expansion of the @entity357 allows the goals of surgery to be achieved. This procedure, which is technically easier and less invasive with regard to the vulnerable spinal cord than the closure of the dural defect, could be a viable alternative for the treatment of this rare disease.

title: Surgical management of idiopathic @entity602 : a review of nine cases treated by the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['herniation']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['enlargement of the dural defect']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy', 'Spinal cord herniation', 'spinal cord herniation']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits', 'neurological deficit']

answer: @entity1283 :: (MESH:D006332,Disease) :: ['enlargement of the dural defect']