abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity150 ( @entity150 ) has the highest lifetime treatment costs per @entity1 of all @entity5 . The objective of this study was to characterize the use of health-care services and costs associated with @entity150 among @entity1 who underwent radical cystectomy (RC) in the province of Quebec. METHODS: We conducted a descriptive study in a retrospective cohort of @entity1 who underwent RC for @entity150 between 2000 and 2009. Data was obtained from two health administrative databases (RAMQ and ISQ). We calculated average costs per @entity1 and total costs in 2014 Canadian dollars for the following components of costs: 1) Pre-surgery costs (pre and post-urologist consultations, urologist consultations, cystoscopies, TURBTs, imaging procedures); 2) Costs of radical cystectomy and 3) Post-surgery costs (urologist consultations, post-operative consultations, medical oncologist consultations, imaging procedures and post-operative complication management). ARIMA models were used to evaluate trends in average costs per @entity1 over the study period. RESULTS: Among 2759 @entity1 included in the study (75  % @entity1 ), average pre-surgery costs, RC costs, and post-surgery costs were estimated at 3762 , 18979  and 4770 , respectively. RC cost was responsible for 69  % of total costs, followed by post-operative consultations (7.8  %), post-operative complications and TURBTs (6  % of total costs, each). Academic hospitals performed RC at a lower average cost, compared to community hospitals (difference of  1000, p   <   .0001). A decreased trend in post-surgery costs was detected in the year 2009. CONCLUSIONS: Costs of RC, TURBT, consultations and post-operative complications were the most important economic components of total RC cost per @entity1 in Quebec. Academic hospitals performed RC at a lower cost, compared to community hospitals.

title: Health-care services utilization and costs associated with radical cystectomy for XXXX : a descriptive population-based study in the province of Quebec, Canada.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['BC', 'Bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Results of the prognosis of @entity8 are conflictive and prevent an effective risk stratification. These conflicts are explained in part by insufficient consideration of methodological principles for prognostic research. This cohort study is aimed at identifying clinical predictors for risk stratification while paying particular attention to methodology. METHODS: We studied 120 @entity1 with @entity8 . Baseline data were extracted at the time of diagnostic renal biopsy, and @entity1 were followed prospectively. Predictors were identified for the end points @entity454 ( @entity454 ) and @entity454 or @entity204 . RESULTS: From the 120 @entity1 followed for a median of five years (1 to 24 years), 19% developed @entity454 or deterioration of renal function. @entity644 of more than 3.5 g/day persisted in 34%, and 47% were in complete or partial remission. The Kaplan-Meier estimated probability of renal survival was 91 +/- 3% at five years and 75 +/- 6% at ten years. The predictors for the primary outcome, @entity454 , identified in a Cox proportional hazards model, were histological stage (Ehrenreich-Churg) III-IV (hazard ratio 5.3, CI 1.9 to 15.0, P = 0.002) and @entity1985 (hazard ratio 7.9, CI 1.1 to 61.5, P = 0.04); the predictors for the secondary outcome, @entity454 or @entity1 @entity204 , were histological stage III-IV (hazard ratio 2.8, CI 1.3 to 6.0, P = 0.008), @entity1985 (hazard ratio 3.0, CI 1.1 to 8.0, P = 0.003) and comorbidity (hazard ratio 2.8, CI 1.3 to 5.9, P = 0.007). @entity1985 and histological stage III-IV allowed the demarcation of the high-risk group from the remaining @entity1 (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Histological stage, @entity1985 , and comorbidity predict @entity454 or @entity204 in @entity8 . Identification of the high-risk group at the time of diagnostic renal biopsy will permit appropriate treatment to be targeted to the @entity1 who might benefit the most from the therapy in future clinical trials.

title: Prediction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['Proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic membranous nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['Nephrotic syndrome', 'nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESRF', 'end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['idiopathic membranous nephropathy']


abstract: Genomes can be markedly heterogeneous in conspecific bacterial strains. Genome sequences can be used to analyze genome plasticity via a PCR(2) (plasticity of chromosome revealed by PCR) approach. Small-sized chromosomes can indeed be fully amplified by long-range PCR with a set of primers designed using a reference strain and then applied to several other strains. Analysis of the resulting patterns can reveal genome plasticity. GenoFrag, a software package for the design of primers optimized for PCR(2) [N. Ben Zakour, M. Gautier, R. Andonov, D. Lavenier, M.F. Cochet, P. Veber, A. Sorokin, Y. Le Loir, GenoFrag: Software to design primers optimized for whole genome scanning by long-range PCR amplification, Nucleic Acids Res. 32 (2004) 17-24] was developed for the analysis of bacterial genome plasticity by whole genome amplification in approximately 10-kb-long fragments. By applying GenoFrag, we provide herewith evidence that genome plasticity can be analyzed in @entity880 bacteria using a PCR(2) approach. The genome sequences of @entity7878 IL1403, @entity7449 , @entity6330 @entity6330 and @entity40158 were used to design four sets of primers. Each set was evaluated in silico to check that it ensured optimum coverage of the bacterial chromosome. To validate the primers generated by GenoFrag, a subset of primers was successfully used in LR-PCR experiments on genomic DNA from four @entity6330 strains.

title: Testing of a whole genome PCR scanning approach to identify genomic variability in four different species of XXXX bacteria.

entities_list: @entity7449 :: ('220668', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1']

entities_list: @entity40158 :: ('206672', 'Species') :: ['Bifidobacterium longum NCC2705']

entities_list: @entity6330 :: ('1585', 'Species') :: ['ATCC11842', 'Lactobacillus bulgaricus', 'L. bulgaricus']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity7878 :: ('1358', 'Species') :: ['Lactococcus lactis']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactic acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 396 Background: The International mRCC Database Consortium (IMDC) Prognostic Model (Heng, et al. model, JCO, 2009) was defined and validated in a @entity1 cohort that was comprised of @entity1358 of all histological-subtypes. Clear-cell @entity1358 (ccRCC) accounts for ~80% of @entity1358 cases, and thus it is unknown if this model is reliable in @entity1 with non-ccRCC (nccRCC). Therefore, we sought to evaluate the reliability of the model separately in ccRCC and nccRCC. METHODS: Data on 2,215 (1,963 ccRCC/252 n-ccRCC) @entity1 treated with 1-st line VEGF-and @entity3470 targeted therapies were collected from the IMDC. nccRCC included papillary, chromophobe, and other histologies. @entity1 were assigned to favorable, intermediate, and poor prognosis groups according to the ICDM prognostic model. The discrimination ability for @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was evaluated by C-index. RESULTS: The median @entity1349 of the entire cohort was 20.9 months. nccRCC @entity1 were of younger age (p < 0.0001), more often presented with low Hb (p = 0.014) and elevated neutrophils (p = 0.0001), but displayed otherwise similar clinicopathological features compared to ccRCC. @entity1349 (22.3 vs. 12.8 months; p < 0.0001), and TTF (7.8 vs. 4.2 months; p < 0.0001) were worse in nccRCC compared to ccRCC. The hazard ratio for @entity204 ( @entity1349 ) and treatment failure (TTF) when adjusted for the prognostic factors was 1.41 (95%CI 1.19, 1.67, p < 0.0001) and 1.54 (95% CI 1.33, 1.79, p < 0.0001), respectively. The IMDC prognostic model reliably discriminated three risk groups to predict @entity1349 and TTF in nccRCC; the median @entity1349 and TTF of favorable, intermediate, and poor prognosis groups were 31.4, 16.1, and 5.1 months (p < 0.0001) and 9.6, 4.9, and 2.1 months (p < 0.0001), respectively. The C-indices for @entity1349 were 0.66 and 0.64 for the IDCM and MSKCC criteria, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with nccRCC treated with targeted therapies have a significantly worse outcome than ccRCC @entity1 . The IMDC prognostic model reliably predicts @entity1349 and TTF in nccRCC and ccRCC.

title: Metastatic non-clear cell XXXX (nccRCC) treated with targeted therapy agents: Applying the International @entity1358 Database Consortium (IMDC) prognostic model to predict outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1204 incidence rates are low in Asia and Africa and high in North America and Northern Europe. @entity5 is often the most common female @entity5 in developing countries, and @entity281 with @entity1082 ) is its main risk factor. However, other factors, such as occupational exposures may modify the HPV-related risk. We conducted an exploratory register-linkage study in Finland to assess the role of occupational exposures on incidence rates of @entity5 of the endometrium and cervix uteri. METHODS: Occupational risk factors for @entity1204 were explored in a 25-year follow-up of female workers born 1906-1945 (N = 413,877) identified through the Population Census of Finland of 1970. Job titles in census records were converted to exposures of 31 occupational agents through a job-exposure matrix. Poisson regression models estimated relative risks (RR) for each agent, standardized for birth cohort, follow-up period, and socio-economic status. For each agent, the product of level and probability of exposure was calculated and subdivided in three categories: zero, low, and medium/high. Adjustment at the job title level was done for the turnover rate ( @entity1204 ), mean parity, and age at first birth ( @entity1204 ). RESULTS: @entity1204 (2,833 cases) was associated with exposure to animal dust (RR 1.2, low level, 174 cases) and sedentary work (RR 1.3, high level, 145 cases). @entity5 (1,101 cases) was associated with exposure to aliphatic and alicyclic (RR 1.3, low level, 91 cases), aromatic (RR 1.2, low level, 318 cases; RR 1.4, high level, 41 cases), and chlorinated @entity7294 solvents (RR 1.3, low level, 50 cases), @entity3440 dust (RR 1.2, low level, 251 cases), and wood dust (RR 1.2, low level, 249 cases). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that occupational exposures may be associated with increased risk of @entity1204 .

title: Occupational exposures and XXXX of the endometrium and cervix uteri in Finland.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial and cervical cancers', 'endometrial cancer', 'Endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'Cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity7294 :: ('CHEBI:24632', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocarbon']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2067 antagonists are effective in the prevention and treatment of @entity1031 . @entity1229 is one of the most widely prescribed @entity2067 antagonists in the world [1, 2]. It has a narrow therapeutic range and a given dose may result in a large inter-individual variation of response. Insufficient dose may fail to prevent @entity1031 , while an @entity1445 increases the risk of @entity548 . @entity1 -specific factors (e.g., age, body size, race, concurrent diseases, and medications) explain some of the variability in @entity1229 dosage, but genetic factors influencing @entity1229 response explain a significantly higher proportion of this variability [3]. Molecular analysis of the gene that encodes the target enzyme @entity16816 reductase complex 1 ( @entity5058 ) strongly suggests that its genetic variations greatly affect the individual response to oral anticoagulants [4-7]. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate effects of @entity5058 polymorphisms on @entity1229 dose excess anticoagulation (INR >4.0) in the population of Sakha (S) @entity1 . METHODS: 53 @entity1 (29- @entity1 , 24- @entity1 ) with @entity955 (68%), @entity712 (60%), @entity101 (49%) and @entity299 (26%) were recruited. The age range was 26-80 years, with a mean age of 62.87    12.57 years.International normalized ratio and plasma @entity1229 concentrations were determined. Genotyping was carried out by RT-PCR (real-time PCR). The three genetic polymorphisms of the gene @entity5058 @entity69638 ( @entity43397 ) were studied: normal (GG), heterozygous (GA) and homozygous ( @entity5066 ). Fisher exact probability test and chi-square test (with Yates correction) were applied to compare data among the @entity5066 and GG + GA groups; also Mann-Whitney test was used. RESULTS: The median maintenance daily dose of @entity1229 among @entity5066 carriers was 3.0 mg/day [1.25-7.5 mg], while in GG and GA @entity1 it was 3.13 mg/day [1.88-7.92 mg]. The mean daily @entity1229 dosage was higher in GG and GA genotype carriers 4.05 mg/day (SD    1.7) than in @entity1 with @entity5066 genotype 3.13 (SD    1.5). Differences are of borderline significance (p = 0.054). Of the 41 @entity1 who required @entity1229 doses of less than 5 mg, 28 (63%) were found to be @entity5066 carriers and 14 (37%) were GG, GA carriers. Differences were not quite significant (p = 0.072). Among 31 homozygous polymorphism carriers 2 (4%) @entity1 developed overanticoagulation (INR >4.0), while among 22 normal and heterozygous polymorphisms carriers only 3 (6%) @entity1 developed overanticoagulation (INR >4.0). Differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.36). CONCLUSIONS: No significant association between @entity5058 polymorphisms and the frequency of excess anticoagulation (INR >4.0) was found. This may be explained by the number of cases included. @entity5066 polymorphisms compared to other polymorphisms shows borderline difference in the @entity1229 dose. The results can be used for the development of a pharmacogenetic-guided @entity1229 dosing algorithm.

title: XXXX polymorphisms and @entity1229 maintenance dose in population of Sakha (Yakuts).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K', 'Vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic disorders', 'thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac valve replacement']

entities_list: @entity16816 :: ('MESH:C016186', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K epoxide']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin', 'Warfarin']

answer: @entity5058 :: (79001,Gene) :: ['VKORC1']


abstract: The objective of this study was to define phenotypic changes of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T cells in a @entity19 model of antigen-induced airways @entity32 that involves intraperitoneal sensitization with @entity10328 (OVA)/adjuvant followed by antigen aerosolization. We investigated the @entity1412 and T-cell compartments both after sensitization (primary immune response) and after challenge (secondary immune response) at the thoracic lymph nodes (initiation site) and the lung (effector site). Our findings document a major cellular expansion in the lymph nodes after both sensitization and challenge. After sensitization, this expansion was comprised mainly of B cells, a considerable proportion of which expressed B7.2. At this time, T cells were markedly expanded and activated as assessed by @entity26490 expression; further, although @entity19986 and @entity9094 were expressed at this time point, expression of @entity58 , @entity59 , and @entity1312 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were marginal. However, in vitro stimulation of lymph-node cells with OVA led to cytokine production. In contrast, 24 h after challenge, but not after sensitization, there was a major expansion of dendritic cells and macrophages in the lungs. This expansion was associated with enhanced expression of both @entity24653 . We also observed expansion of activated @entity5168 (+)/ @entity1961 (+) T cells expressing the T helper-2-associated marker T1/ @entity26052 in the lung, most notably 5 d after challenge. Further, @entity58 , @entity59 , and @entity1312 , but not @entity60 mRNA were expressed at high levels 3 h after challenge. This study helps to elucidate the "geography" of immune responses generated in a conventional @entity19 model of @entity32 .

title: Temporal-spatial analysis of the immune response in a XXXX model of @entity10328 -induced airways @entity32 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'allergic airways inflammation']

entities_list: @entity9094 :: ('20852(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['signal transducer and activator of transcription-6']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluated sociodemographic and economic differences in @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) of @entity1 with penile SCC using the National @entity5 Data Base (NCDB). METHODS: We identified 5,412 @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity957 from 1998 to 2011 with clinically nonmetastatic disease and available pathologic @entity5 and nodal staging. @entity1349 was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and differences were determined using the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazard regression was performed to identify independent predictors of @entity1349 . RESULTS: Estimated median @entity1349 was 91.9 months (interquartile range: 25.8-not reached) at median follow-up of 44.7 months (interquartile range: 17.2-81.0). Survival did not change over the study period (P = 0.28). Black @entity1 presented with a higher stage of disease (pT3/T4: 16.6 vs. 13.2%, P = 0.027) and had worse median @entity1349 (68.6 vs. 93.7 months, P<0.01). @entity1 with private insurance and median income>=  63,000 based on @entity10688 code presented with a lower stage of disease (pT3/T4: 11.6 vs. 14.7%, P = 0.002 and 12.0 vs. 14.0%, P = 0.042, respectively) and had better median @entity1349 (163.2 vs. 70.8 months, P<0.01 and 105.3 vs. 86.4 months, p = 0.001, respectively). On multivariate analysis, black race (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21-1.58; P<0.01) was independently associated with worse @entity1349 , whereas private insurance (HR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.63-0.98; P = 0.028) and higher median income>=  63,000 (HR = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.72-0.93; P = 0.001) were independently associated with better @entity1349 . CONCLUSIONS: Racial and economic differences in the survival of @entity1 with @entity5 exist. An understanding of these differences may help minimize disparities in @entity5 care.

title: Racial and economic disparities in the treatment of @entity957 : Results from the National XXXX Database.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'penile cancer', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['penile squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY was to evaluate the percentage of @entity1 with primary @entity101 treated with antihypertensive drug(s), who achieved target arterial blood pressure (ABP), and to compare the characteristics of @entity1 with controlled and uncontrolled ABP, their current treatment, and treatment modifications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 429 18-80-year-old @entity1 with primary @entity101 treated for >=  1 year participated in this study. General practitioners collected data on @entity1 ' demographic and clinical characteristics, current treatment for primary @entity101 , and treatment modifications. RESULTS: According to physicians, 45.4% of @entity1 achieved target ABP levels. Adequately controlled ABP was documented more often in the group of low and moderate cardiovascular risk than in high- and very high-risk group (n=141, 62.9% versus n=54, 26.3%; P<0.0001). Based on ABP measurements, 160 (37.3%) @entity1 had ABP of <140/90 mm Hg. The majority of @entity1 were treated with a combination of two (n=153, 35.7%) to three (n=144, 33.6%) antihypertensive drugs. @entity1 with uncontrolled ABP more frequently than @entity1 with controlled ABP were given combination therapy. Treatment was not modified in 37.8% (n=162) of @entity1 , more commonly in those with controlled ABP. CONCLUSIONS: The level of @entity101 control in study population was far from optimal, especially in the group of @entity1 at high- and very high-risk where target ABP was lower. Almost 12% of @entity1 with uncontrolled ABP were still undergoing monotherapy, whereas 16% of @entity1 were not recommended any modifications of antihypertensive treatment despite their ABP was not controlled.

title: Evaluation of XXXX control and treatment in daily practice of family physicians.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['arterial hypertension', 'hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['arterial hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare detection rates of glaucomatous @entity227 ( @entity227 ) between the conventional 6 degrees x 6 degrees stimulus grid and locally condensed target arrangements in morphologically suspicious regions. METHODS: A total of 66 eyes of 66 @entity1 with @entity726 or @entity1 suspected of having @entity726 (34 females and 32 males; age range, 14-85 years) were enrolled in this study. Individual, local target condensation was realized by @entity3217 ( @entity3217 ) using a campimeter and compared with the results of @entity7617 ( @entity7617 ), obtained with the Humphrey Field Analyzer (30-2 grid). RESULTS: Twenty-three of the 66 @entity1 showed normal findings with both methods; 27 had concordantly pathological results. In 15 @entity1 we obtained normal findings with @entity7617 , whereas @entity3217 revealed @entity8658 VFDs. Only one @entity1 showed @entity227 with @entity7617 , whereas @entity3217 results were normal. Scotoma detection rates significantly differed between the 2 methods (P<.001, sign test). Test duration with @entity3217 was more than doubled compared with @entity7617 . When considering only @entity3217 points coinciding with the 6 degrees spacing of the 30-2 grid, there was no longer a significant difference between @entity3217 and @entity7617 (P>.25, sign test). This indicated that the target pattern, rather than the perimetric device, was most relevant for detecting @entity227 . Follow-up throughout a series of 3 subsequent sessions at 6-month intervals revealed repeatable results in more than two thirds of all eyes for both @entity3217 and @entity7617 . CONCLUSIONS: Fundus-oriented perimetry that uses individually condensed test grids significantly increases the detection rate of @entity227 in morphologically conspicuous areas compared with @entity7617 using equidistant (6 degrees x 6 degrees) target arrangements. Repeatability is comparable between both methods.

title: Increased detection rate of glaucomatous @entity227 with locally condensed grids: a comparison between XXXX and conventional visual field examination.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8658 :: ('MESH:C580055', 'Disease') :: ['early glaucomatous']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defects', 'glaucomatous VFDs', 'VFDs']

entities_list: @entity7617 :: ('MESH:C563514', 'Disease') :: ['conventional automated perimetry', 'CAP']

entities_list: @entity3217 :: ('MESH:D015821', 'Disease') :: ['FOP', 'fundus-oriented perimetry']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity3217 :: (MESH:D015821,Disease) :: ['fundus-oriented perimetry']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ) is the most common subtype of @entity706 . Presently, one of the most important clinical predictors of survival in @entity1892 @entity1 is the International Prognostic Index (IPI). Circadian rhythms are the approximate 24 hour biological rhythms with more than 10 genes making up the molecular @entity16067 . OBJECTIVE: Determine if functional single nucleotide polymorphism in circadian genes may contribute to survival status in @entity1 diagnosed with diffuse large @entity1892 . METHODS: Sixteen high-risk non-synonymous polymorphisms in circadian genes ( @entity16067 , @entity19344 , @entity68552 , @entity10306 , @entity40555 , @entity307 , @entity5394 , @entity5395 , @entity35681 , and @entity34705 ) were genotyped by screening PCR. Results were visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis and confirmed by two-direction sequencing. Clinical variables were compared between mutated and non-mutated groups. LogRank survival analysis and Kaplan-Meier method were used to calculate the overall survival. RESULTS: @entity5395 @entity68553 variant showed significant difference in overall survival between @entity1 containing mutated genotypes and those with non-mutated genotypes (p = 0.047). LDH levels (p = 0.021) and IPI score (p < 0.001) also showed differences in overall survival. No clinical differences were observed in mutated vs. non-mutated @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This work suggests a role of @entity5395 @entity68553 in predicting a prognosis in @entity1892 overall survival of @entity1 .

title: A XXXX polymorphism is associated with better overall survival in diffuse large @entity1892 in Mexican population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['DLBCL', 'B-cell lymphoma', 'Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma']

answer: @entity5395 :: (8863,Gene) :: ['PER3']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The troponin T ( @entity10020 ) is frequently elevated in @entity64 ( @entity64 ) @entity1 . However, the relationship, if any, between the @entity10020 level and @entity4798 remains to be established. The aim was to investigate the possible correlation between the location and volume of @entity4798 and the cardiac @entity10020 serum level in @entity64 @entity1 . METHODS: The study consisted of consecutive @entity64 @entity1 admitted within 12h of @entity64 onset. The location and volume of the @entity2806 was assessed with magnetic resonance imaging. Standard laboratory tests, including @entity10020 and repeated electrocardiograms, were performed at admission and after 4h. Correlations between the @entity10020 level and the location and volume of @entity4798 and baseline parameters were tested with a Spearman correlation coefficient. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis (LRA) were used to determine the possible predictors of @entity10020 elevation. RESULTS: Out of the 200 enrolled @entity1 , elevated @entity10020 was present in 71 (36%). No correlation was found between the @entity10020 serum levels and the location (P>0.05) nor volume of @entity4798 (r=0.05, P=0.48). LRA identified creatinine (OR: 1.26 per 10 mol/L increase; 95% CI: 1.043-1.524), NT-proBNP (OR: 1.05 per 100 g/L increase; 95% CI: 1.018-1.093) and male gender (OR: 3.674; 95% CI: 1.025-13.164) as significant independent predictors of pathological elevation of @entity10020 . CONCLUSIONS: Although elevated @entity10020 serum level is relatively frequent in @entity64 @entity1 within the first 12h of @entity64 onset, it is not related to the location or volume of @entity4798 . CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov (No. NCT01541163).

title: Troponin T: Correlation with location and volume of acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarction']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute ischemic stroke', 'AIS', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['acute ischemic lesion']

answer: @entity4798 :: (MESH:D020520,Disease) :: ['brain infarction']


abstract: There is no effective therapy for @entity2662 )-associated @entity602 /tropical @entity3500 ( @entity3498 / @entity3499 ). Glucocorticoids are effective to reduce the motor disability in these @entity1 , but its role as anti- @entity508 drugs is unknown. Here it is reported the use of @entity288 in @entity3498 / @entity3499 . The goal was to find reliable molecular markers linked to treatment effectiveness. The clinical efficacy of @entity288 was studied in 22 @entity3498 / @entity3499 . The treatment was a single dose of 7.0   mg of systemic @entity5935 . Pre-treatment samples were obtained immediately before @entity134 administration and post-treatment samples were collected after 5 days. @entity16 was evaluated by the Osame's Motor Disability Scales. Relative levels of @entity13181 , @entity403 , @entity688 , @entity2533 , @entity4386 , and @entity28267 mRNA were measured and the percentage of @entity404 (+) @entity403 (+) and @entity404 (+) @entity13181 (+) populations was quantified in PBMCs by real-time PCR and flow cytometry, respectively. The same parameters were studied in eight untreated carriers. @entity5935 treatment showed neurological improvement in 21 @entity3498 / @entity3499 @entity1 , with one @entity1 without response to treatment. This therapy was associated with a decrease in @entity13181 mRNA load and @entity404 (+) @entity13181 (+) T cells in @entity3498 / @entity3499 . Simultaneously, an increase in @entity403 mRNA and @entity404 (+) @entity403 (+) T cell was detected in these @entity1 . The other markers studied had no significant changes after treatment. Clinical improvement in @entity5935 -treated @entity3498 / @entity3499 was associated with an inverse relationship between a decrease in @entity13181 and an increase in @entity403 at the mRNA and protein levels. These results suggest that both @entity13181 and @entity403 may represent potential biomarkers for drug treatment assessments in @entity3498 / @entity3499 .

title: Molecular and clinical effects of @entity5935 in XXXX -associated @entity602 /tropical @entity3500 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity3500 :: ('MESH:D020336', 'Disease') :: ['spastic paraparesis']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity5935 :: ('MESH:D001623', 'Chemical') :: ['Betamethasone', 'betamethasone']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological disability']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2662 :: ('11908', 'Species') :: ['human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity2662 :: (11908,Species) :: ['human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-I']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate prognostic significance of clinical and pathological stages in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity189 treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (neo-CRT) and total mesorectal excision. @entity1 AND METHODS: 210 @entity1 with locally advanced @entity189 ( @entity15004 or cN+) treated with neo-CRT followed by total mesorectal excision. Treatment outcomes were compared according to clinical and pathological stage. Overall survival (OS), disease free survival (DFS) among @entity1 with different clinical stage and pathological stage after neo-CRT. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 47  months (range, 14-98 months). Clinical T stage was associated with 5  year OS (p   =   0.042) and 5  year DFS (p   =   0.014) while clinical N stage was not associated with 5  year OS (p   =   0.440), 5  year DFS (p   =   0.711). @entity1619 stage was associate with 5  year OS (p   =   0.001) and 5  year DFS (p   =   0.046); and N stage was associated with 5  year OS (p   =   0.001), 5  year DFS (p   =   0.002). The pathological stage was further classified into three groups: ypT0-2N0 in 91 @entity1 (43.3  %), ypT3-4N0 in 69 @entity1 (32.9  %) and ypT0-4N+ in 50 @entity1 (23.8  %). While pathological stage (ypT0-2 vs ypT3-4N0 vs ypT0-4N+) was associated with 5  year OS (87.9  %, 75.5  %, 56.7  %, p   =   0.000), 5  year DFS (74.5  %, 77.4  %, 50.5  %, p   =   0.003). Multivariate analysis showed that ypN stage was an independent prognostic factor for @entity1 5  year DFS. CONCLUSIONS: Pathological stage is strongly associated with treatment outcomes in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity189 treated with neo-CRT followed by total mesorectal excision, which may be used as guidance for further individualized treatment.

title: Prognostic significance of clinical and pathological stages on locally advanced XXXX after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['Pathological T']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['rectal carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Primary @entity957 of the colon and rectum are extremely rare, with an incidence of less than 1  % of @entity14 . Our aim in this study was to evaluate @entity1 characteristics, treatment strategy, and postoperative follow-up of @entity1 with @entity14 . METHODS: We reviewed our prospectively maintained @entity14 database for all @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity14 between January 1990 and April 2009. RESULTS: Out of 5149 @entity1 with @entity14 , 11 @entity1 (0.2  %) met the study criteria. Median age at the time of diagnosis was 64. Median BMI was 28  kg/m(2). The @entity5 were localized in the rectum (n   =   8), right colon (n   =   2), and sigmoid colon (n   =   1). The pathologic stages of these @entity5 were I (n   =   1), II (n   =   4), III (n   =   3), and IV (n   =   3). Operations performed were abdominoperineal resection (n   =   4), right colectomy (n   =   2), total colectomy (n   =   1), low anterior resection (n   =   1), local excision (n   =   1), sigmoidectomy (n=1) and end colostomy creation (n   =   1). One @entity1 received intraoperative radiotherapy. Postoperative chemotherapy was given to eight @entity1 , and three @entity1 received postoperative radiation therapy. Median follow-up after diagnosis was 42  months (12-96). Three @entity1 developed recurrence after potentially curative surgery. Five @entity1 died from metastatic disease during follow-up. CONCLUSION: Squamous @entity14 can be detected in any part of the colon, generally presents at a later stage, and is associated with a poor prognosis. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment. Various adjuvant chemoradiation treatments appear not to influence the outcome. Further cases need to be analyzed in order to find more effective treatment regimens.

title: @entity14 : a rare XXXX with poor prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal squamous cell carcinoma', 'colorectal malignancies', 'colorectal cancer', 'colorectal malignancy']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) @entity32 in @entity1 with @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ) can lead to @entity158 and malfunction of the @entity1348 . Intra-articular corticosteroid injections (IACI) have been suggested as a treatment modality against @entity1348 @entity625 -related orofacial signs and symptoms. However, knowledge of the effect-durability of these injections remains unanswered. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the short and long-term effects of IACI on orofacial symptoms in a prospective observational study based on pre-specified clinical examination standards. METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 with @entity4932 and @entity625 -related orofacial signs and symptoms were included in this prospective pilot study (median 17.2  years, IQR 15-18.4  years). All @entity1 received @entity1348 IACI (11 bilateral and two unilateral) due to an insufficient response to previous @entity158 -management treatments. Three standardized clinical examinations were carried out: T1 prior to treatment, T2 short-term follow-up (mean 34  days post-treatment), T3 long-term follow-up (mean 333  days post-treatment). RESULTS: Significant @entity158 reduction was observed at the short-term follow-up (T2). Resolution of @entity158 after IACI was a rare finding at T2. Generally, the @entity158 significantly worsened between T2 and T3 examinations. The reported @entity158 levels rose between T2 and T3 indicating a loss of effect of the IACI at the long-term follow-up examination (T3). Non-significant improvements in @entity1348 mobility were observed at T2 and T3. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest a palliative (not curative) effect of IACI for @entity1348 @entity625 -related orofacial symptoms in @entity1 with long-term @entity158 complaints. The short-term improvements in signs and symptoms were partly resolved at the long-term follow-up.

title: @entity1348 steroid injections in XXXX with @entity4932 : an observational pilot study on the long-term effect on signs and symptoms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['JIA', 'juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['orofacial pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['Temporomandibular joint', 'TMJ']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity22 is a burdensome, commonly comorbid condition. How @entity1 value various aspects of the safety and efficacy of available drugs has not been studied. The aim of the present study was to quantify @entity1 -rated utility by studying willingness to pay (WTP) for attributes of symptom relief via a discrete choice experiment (DCE). METHODOLOGY: Adult primary care @entity1 (West Virginia University Hospital) with comorbid @entity22 were enrolled. The attributes and levels examined were sleep onset latency (SOL; 10, 20,30 minutes), awakenings (1, 2, 3), @entity25 ( @entity25 ; 15,45, 60 minutes), @entity25 ( @entity25 ; 6, 7, 8 hours), hangover (none, mild, moderate), FDA-approved duration of use (short term, not restricted to short term, no restrictions), and out-of-pocket cost per month ( 20,  35,  50). Willingness to pay (WTP) data were analyzed using a random effects binary logistic regression model. RESULTS: A total of 82 @entity1 completed the DCE (74 analyzed). SOL, @entity25 , @entity25 , and cost were all found to predict treatment choice. Higher values of SOL, @entity25 , and cost resulted in decreased preference for a particular treatment, while higher @entity25 predicted increased preference. Modeling revealed an estimated marginal WTP of  66.69 for an example product that improved SOL by 10 minutes, reduced @entity25 by 15 minutes, and improved @entity25 by 1 hour. CONCLUSION: @entity1 WTP for symptomatic relief in @entity22 can help clinicians fine-tune interventions based on @entity1 preferences, provide evidence for drug formulary and reimbursement decisions, and potentially guide the development of novel drugs.

title: A Discrete Choice Experiment to Elicit XXXX Willingness to Pay for Attributes of Treatment-Induced Symptom Relief in Comorbid. @entity22 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['TST', 'WASO', 'wake time after sleep onset', 'total sleep time']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['Insomnia', 'insomnia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: Therapeutic drug monitoring of @entity1140 and @entity3446 plays a significant role in the clinical follow-up of transplant @entity1 receiving IMS therapy. Success of transplant and favorable @entity1 outcome relies on maintaining adequate therapeutic drug levels. The purpose of this research is to assess the clinical utility of remote collection of DBS for immunosuppressant monitoring and compare the IMS level in paired collections of venous whole blood and DBS. @entity3446 and @entity1140 levels were clinically correlated in capillary blood collected from a finger poke with venous whole blood from pediatric, post-transplant @entity1 . The @entity1 took the dried blood spot card home with them with a pre-addressed, postage-paid envelope and mailed it back to the laboratory. Overall, a small but statistically significant negative bias was observed (-0.6  ng/mL, p  =  0.0011). A chart review was performed to assess whether clinical management would have changed, and none of the cases revealed a clinically significant change. @entity3446 in DBS also correlated with venous levels. Overall, a small but statistically negative bias was observed (-0.8  ng/mL, p  =  0.029). In summary, analysis of IMS levels in DBS is possible, and the difference noted between capillary and venous blood is within the clinically acceptable limits.

title: XXXX and @entity3446 in capillary dried blood spots allows for remote monitoring.

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus', 'Sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['Tacrolimus']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 with @entity5511 ( @entity5511 ) have a cosmetic and functional problem due to limited shoulder abduction. Treatment options include excision of the prominent superior angle, scapular relocation procedures and subtotal scapulectomy. Excision of the superomedial angle results only in cosmetic improvement. Subtotal scapulectomy and relocation procedures are associated with ugly scars, extensive @entity548 and high incidence of @entity2685 . @entity346 ( @entity346 ) is another surgical option that provides cosmetic and functional improvement. The aim of this study is to assess medium to long term results of @entity346 in treatment of @entity5511 . METHODS: This is a prospective case series study. Seven @entity1 with @entity5511 were treated at our unit. Age ranged from 5-13  years with an average of 8.4  years. All @entity1 were females with unilateral affection. All @entity1 underwent a @entity346 as described by Campbell. We used the Cavendish grading system together with combined shoulder abduction for assessment. Follow up averaged 4.6  years. RESULTS: All @entity1 and parents were extremely satisfied with the results of surgery. All @entity1 experienced an improvement in global shoulder abduction with an average gain in abduction of 52.9  . All @entity1 experienced an improvement in cosmetic appearance with better shoulder levelling. The Cavendish grade improved in all @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This study emphasizes the results of previous authors demonstrating that @entity5511 can be treated successfully with a @entity346 . The procedure is simple and its results are reproducible.

title: XXXX in @entity5511 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5511 :: ('MESH:C535802', 'Disease') :: ['congenital high scapula', 'CHS']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['Vertical scapular osteotomy', 'VSO']

entities_list: @entity2685 :: ('MESH:C536265', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus injuries']

answer: @entity346 :: (MESH:D009759,Disease) :: ['Vertical scapular osteotomy']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Maintenance of the vascular access is a crucial factor in hemodialysis, but large studies of factors that are predictive of @entity715 are lacking. DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 , _ MEASUREMENTS: This prospective, multicenter study investigated a cohort to describe the management of vascular access and establish the influence of @entity417 as a risk factor. The cohort included 1710 @entity1 (aged 64.4 yr; 60% @entity1 ) who were followed every 3 mo at 119 centers during 12 mo. On inclusion, 9.6% had a catheter, 80.3% had a native @entity2548 , and 10.1% had a @entity736 graft. RESULTS: Low baseline hemoglobin increased the risk for vascular access events. The risk was higher with a @entity736 graft and a catheter versus @entity2548 . The multivariate model included @entity455 , previous @entity65 , and noncorrected @entity417 . The likelihood of remaining free of vascular access events 12 mo later was 0.727 (baseline hemoglobin <10.0 g/dl), 0.801 (10.01 to 11.0 g/dl), 0.814 (11.01 to 12.0 g/dl), and 0.833 (>12.0 g/dl), figures similar to those obtained with hemoglobin from the trimester before the event. The Cox model included @entity455 . CONCLUSIONS: Correcting @entity417 did not increase the risk for vascular access-related events, and @entity417 that was resistant to treatment identified a subgroup of @entity1 with higher comorbidity and higher likelihood of a vascular access event.

title: Course of vascular access and relationship with treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['type of vascular access']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['anemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity32 plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) and @entity1419 ( @entity1419 ), the two most common types of @entity96 . A number of prior experimental studies have suggested that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including @entity117 and @entity5018 , may potentially protect against @entity96 . However, no observational study has examined the association between @entity117 duration and dose or other over-the-counter non- @entity117 NSAIDs, such as @entity5018 , and @entity96 incidence. Furthermore, the association between NSAID use and risk of @entity1419 is unclear. As part of the @entity96 Pooling Project, we harmonized data on 1,084,133 individuals ( @entity157 = 679, @entity1419 = 225) from 10 U.S.-based prospective cohort studies. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate multivariable-adjusted HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Current @entity117 use, versus nonuse, was inversely associated with @entity157 (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.57-0.81), which persisted when restricted to individuals not using non- @entity117 NSAIDs and in a 5- and 10-year lag analysis. The association between @entity117 use and @entity157 risk was stronger for users who reported daily use, longer duration use, and lower dosage. @entity5018 use was not associated with @entity157 risk. @entity117 use was associated with a reduced @entity1419 risk in @entity1 (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.42-0.98) but not @entity1 (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 0.89-2.01; P interaction = 0.01). The observed inverse association between @entity117 use and @entity96 in our study, together with previous data, suggests the merit of future intervention studies of @entity117 and other agents that affect chronic inflammatory pathways for @entity157 and possibly @entity1419 . Cancer Prev Res; 8(12); 1-7.   2015 AACR.

title: NSAID Use and Risk of @entity157 and @entity1419 : The XXXX Pooling Project.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer', 'Liver Cancer']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['Ibuprofen', 'ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity1419 :: ('MESH:C535533', 'Disease') :: ['ICC', 'intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['Liver Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: A randomized pilot trial evaluated the hypothesis that early intervention lessens @entity250 in the first year on aromatase inhibitors. A secondary aim was comparing the efficacy of two vaginal moisturizers. METHODS: Fifty-seven postmenopausal @entity1 with early stage @entity0 starting aromatase inhibitors were randomized to three treatment groups. All received a handout on managing sexual and other side effects. The Usual Care group received no additional therapy. The Active Treatment groups received a 6-month supply of a vaginal moisturizer (hyaluronic acid-based in Active Group-H and prebiotic in Active Group-P) and a vaginal lubricant and dilator, plus access to an educational website and phone @entity15285 . Questionnaires completed at baseline, 6, and 12  months included the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Menopausal Sexual Interest Questionnaire (MSIQ), Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised (FSDS-R), and a menopausal symptom scale. RESULTS: Forty-nine @entity1 (86%) provided follow-up data. Mean age was 59 and 77% were non-Hispanic Caucasian. Sexual function was impaired at baseline, but remained stable over 12  months for all groups. The combined active treatment group had less @entity546 (P  =  0.07) and sexual distress (P  =  0.02) at 6  months than the Usual Care group. At 6  months, the Active-H group improved significantly more than the Active-P group on FSFI total score (P  =  0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Sexual counseling helped @entity1 maintain stable sexual function on aromatase inhibitors. Active intervention resulted in better outcomes at 6  months. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: This promising pilot trial suggests a need for more research on preventive counseling to maintain sexual function during aromatase inhibitor treatment.

title: A pilot randomized trial to prevent XXXX in postmenopausal @entity0 survivors starting adjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity250 :: (MESH:D012735,Disease) :: ['sexual dysfunction']


abstract: Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) used in fertility clinics include @entity52 ( @entity52 ) and @entity6847 ( @entity6847 ), followed by embryo transfer into the biological or a surrogate mother. Over 1,000,000 liveborn offspring--an estimated 1 in 150 United States newborns--have been produced worldwide by ART since 1978. @entity52 appears to produce healthy @entity1 in singleton pregnancies, though concerns remain regarding preterm deliveries, multiple pregnancies, as well as the longer-term consequences of all ART procedures. Clinical studies remain difficult to interpret and subject to confounding variables, as developmental problems may be due to a parent's reproductive conditions rather than, or in addition to, an ART procedure. Also, because of expense and time commitments, the United States ART clinical population is not fully representative of society diversities. This socio-economic skewing might compensate for negative effects, masking small, or modest @entity851 . Embryo splitting (ES), an ART procedure used only with animals, can produce genetically identical offspring. ES involves dividing four- to eight-cell embryos into separate blastomeres and implanting them into empty zona pellucida, followed by embryo transfer. Although these ART techniques have produced nonhuman primate offspring, there has been no research on behavioral safety. Here, we report the first study of behavioral development by @entity2608 @entity1 produced through ES, @entity6847 , and @entity52 . We assessed neonatal reflexes, self-feeding ability, recognition memory, object concept attainment, simple discrimination learning and reversal, and learning set (LS) acquisition. Although the sample sizes are small, we found no overall ART group delayed development. Surprisingly, the ES and @entity6847 monkeys appeared to be accelerated in attaining age milestones involving sensory-motor behaviors and a difficult Well Hiding object concept task. We conclude that macaque monkeys may provide an excellent model for the study of early @entity1 development by offspring of parents with conditions requiring ART pregnancies, as well as a model for the behavioral study of genetic-environment interactions using identical twins produced by ES.

title: Neonatal behavior and @entity1 cognitive development in XXXX produced by assisted reproductive technologies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus macaques']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['developmental deficits']

entities_list: @entity6847 :: ('MESH:C567467', 'Disease') :: ['intracytoplasmic sperm injection', 'ICSI']

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in vitro fertilization']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['rhesus macaques']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study describes the relationship between @entity283 ( @entity283 ) and @entity308 in @entity1 following major surgery for @entity135 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional study using medical chart review, @entity1 interview, and test administration. METHOD: Fifty @entity1 were evaluated 6 months to 6 years following surgery using one global @entity283 measure (The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General [FACT-G]); three disease-specific measures of @entity283 (the HN module of the FACT [FACT-HNS], The University of Washington Quality of Life Scale [UWQOL], and The Performance Status Scale for @entity135 ); and one measure of @entity308 (The Beck Depression Inventory [BDI]). RESULTS: The study population showed a high occurrence of @entity308 (22%). A negative correlation existed between the BDI and @entity283 as measured by the FACT-G (r = -0.49, P < .001) and the UWQOL (r = -0.44, P = .003). When somatic symptoms of @entity308 were removed, the BDI remained correlated with @entity283 and was most highly correlated with the Emotional Well-Being (EWB) subscale of the FACT-G (r = -0.42, P = .003). There was no correlation between clinician judgments of EWB and any @entity1 -rated measures of @entity283 or @entity308 . CONCLUSIONS: Results demonstrate an inverse relationship between @entity1 -reported @entity283 and @entity308 . The lack of correlation between physician and @entity1 ratings of @entity283 and EWB stresses the importance of obtaining @entity1 ratings in addition to traditional clinician ratings when assessing outcomes. Finally, the multidimensional construction of the FACT with its specific subscales may make it a useful clinical tool for assessing @entity1 status and augmenting @entity1 interviews.

title: Relationship between quality of life and @entity308 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'Head and Neck Cancer']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['HRQOL', 'health-related quality of life']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: The production of @entity251 in the adult testis is mainly regulated by LH. @entity251 is essential for normal development of the male fetus. The regulation of @entity251 production in the fetal testis is less clear than in the adult testis, and there are indications that at least the onset of @entity342 production in the fetal testis takes place in an LH-independent way. The aim of the present study was to compare the onset of synthesis and pattern of expression of LH receptors and two important steroidogenic enzymes, @entity1816 dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD) and 17alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase ( @entity31018 ), in fetal @entity35 gonads. Whole fetuses (13.5 and 14.0 postcoitum (p.c.), testes, and ovaries dissected from fetuses on Days 14.5 p.c. to 20.5 p.c. and testes obtained on Days 3, 5, and 7 postpartum were fixed in Bouin's solution and processed for immunocytochemistry. In all samples of fetal testis, 3beta-HSD was detected on Day 14.5 p.c., and immunoexpression of @entity31018 appeared one day later on Day 15.5 p.c. Thereafter, immunoexpression of both enzymes remained intense throughout gestation and postnatally. In contrast, immunoexpression of LH receptors was detectable only from Day 16.5, when a few weakly positive cells were present, but it became more intense one and two days later. Similar to the immunostaining for 3beta-HSD and @entity31018 , immunostaining for @entity7813 remained strong throughout gestation and during the first 7 days of postnatal life. No immunoexpression of any of the three proteins studied was detected in the fetal ovary at any age. These data show very early immunoexpression of 3beta-HSD, which was detected one day before the reported start of @entity134 production by the fetal Leydig cells. In contrast, immunoexpression of LH receptors was evident only after immunoexpression of both the steroidogenic enzymes studied had became apparent and after the reported start of steroidogenesis, which is consistent with the theory that onset of steroidogenesis in the fetal @entity35 testis is an LH-independent process.

title: Immunoexpression of the steroidogenic enzymes 3-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 17 alpha-hydroxylase, C17,20 lyase and the receptor for luteinizing hormone (LH) in the fetal XXXX testis suggests that the onset of Leydig cell steroid production is independent of LH action.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1816 :: ('CHEBI:36836', 'Chemical') :: ['3beta-hydroxysteroid']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Study Design   Randomized controlled trial. Objective   The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of the bone grafting substitute @entity7182 -substituted @entity78 (SiCaP) compared with recombinant @entity1 @entity1841 (rhBMP-2) and to evaluate the clinical outcomes over a period of 2 years. Methods   @entity1 undergoing PLF surgery for @entity3603 at a single center were recruited and randomized to one of two groups: SiCaP (n   =   9) or rhBMP-2 (n   =   10). One @entity1 withdrew prior to randomization and another from the rhBMP-2 group after randomization. The radiologic and clinical outcomes were examined and compared. Fusion was assessed at 12 months with computed tomography and plain radiographs. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by recording measures of @entity158 , quality of life, disability, and neurologic status from 6 weeks to 2 years postoperatively. Results   In the SiCaP and rhBMP-2 groups, fusion was observed in 9/9 and 8/9 @entity1 , respectively. @entity158 and disability scores were reduced and quality of life increased in both groups. Leg @entity158 , disability, and satisfaction scores were similar between the groups at each postoperative point; however, @entity615 was less at 6 weeks and quality of life was higher at 6 months in the SiCaP group than the rhBMP-2 group. Conclusions   SiCaP and rhBMP-2 were comparable in terms of achieving successful bone growth and fusion. Both groups achieved similar alleviation of @entity158 and improved quality of life and neurologic, satisfaction, and return to work outcomes following PLF surgery.

title: Comparison of XXXX -Substituted @entity78 (Actifuse) with Recombinant @entity1 @entity1841 (Infuse) in Posterolateral Instrumented Lumbar Fusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7182 :: ('MESH:D017640', 'Chemical') :: ['silicate']

entities_list: @entity1841 :: ('650', 'Gene') :: ['bone morphogenetic protein 2']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

answer: @entity7182 :: (MESH:D017640,Chemical) :: ['Silicate']


abstract: In a series of 704 @entity439 @entity1 who were admitted to the Research Institute for Brain and Blood Vessels-AKITA for the last 9.5 years (from October, 1974 to March, 1983), angiographic features of the anterior cerebral arteries and related @entity455 were analyzed with reference to the site of @entity439 . The age distribution was from 20 to 78 years (mean age 53 years), and the @entity1 to @entity1 ratio was 1:1.1. The total number of @entity439 was 866. The site distribution of @entity439 consisted of 230 (27%) anterior communicating, 269 (31%) middle cerebral, 282 (38%) internal carotid, 54 (6%) anterior cerebral, 45 (5%) vertebrobasilar and 6 other arteries. More than one @entity439 were found out in 137 cases. The total number of performed cerebral angiograms was 1840, in these right carotid arterial angiograms were 652, left carotid 644 and vertebral 544. Cases were divided into two groups, namely one who had the anterior communicating artery (Acom) @entity439 and the other who had not. Angiographic calibers of A1 portion (proximal portion of the anterior cerebral artery) were compared statistically between these two groups. As a result, three points as below were clarified in this series. 1) The Acom @entity439 group showed the significant asymmetry of A1 (p less than 0.005) compared to the other cases. 2) The left A1 portions were significantly dominant (p less than 0.05) to the right in the Acom @entity439 group. 3) @entity509 and aplasias of A1 were found in the Acom @entity439 group more frequently than in the other with statistical significance (p less than 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Angiographic analysis of the anterior cerebral arteries with cerebral aneurysms--with special interest in the morphological aspect including so-called XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['Angiographic hypoplasias']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['vascular anomalies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Syndesmosis fixation of Lauge-Hansen SER IV, Weber B @entity1171 is controversial. This study compared a matched pair of SER IV @entity1 with stress proven syndesmotic injuries with the same number without stress proven @entity3681 in terms of functional, @entity158 , and radiologic result. METHODS: The study was based on a RCT-study comparing syndesmotic transfixation to no fixation in SER IV (Weber B)-type @entity1171 . Twenty-four @entity1 with a @entity130 found on the intraoperative 7.5 Nm standardized external rotation test were compared to 24 @entity1 with a stable syndesmosis. The pairs were matched by @entity174 morphology, sex, and age. The primary outcome measure was ankle function as assessed by the Olerud-Molander score. Weight-bearing plain radiographs and 3T MRI of the injured ankle were used to assess ankle joint congruity and @entity571 , according to Kellgren-Lawrence classification and cartilage defects. RESULTS: The Olerud-Molander score was 86 in @entity130 @entity1 and 90 in @entity1 with normal syndesmosis (P = .28). The incidence of @entity3681 on plain radiographs was not significantly different between the groups (Grade I 5% vs 21%; Grade II 86% vs 75%; Grade III 9% vs 4%; P = .34). MRI scans showed @entity1844 in 54% of the @entity1 : 12 (56%) in the @entity130 group vs 13 (54%) in the group without @entity130 (P > .9). CONCLUSION: After 4 to 6 years of follow-up, clinical and radiologic outcome were not different in @entity1 with @entity130 compared to @entity1 with stable syndesmosis in SER IV (Weber B)-type @entity1171 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic Level II, comparative study.

title: Effect of Syndesmosis Injury in SER IV (Weber B)-Type Ankle Fractures on Function and Incidence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1844 :: ('MESH:D002357', 'Disease') :: ['TC joint cartilage defects']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle joint osteoarthritis', 'syndesmotic injury']

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fractures']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['syndesmosis injury']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['Osteoarthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of multispectral digital @entity272 analysis on German dermatologist biopsy decisions of atypical @entity272 . DESIGN: @entity1 were shown high-resolution clinical images of 12 atypical @entity272 previously analyzed by multispectral digital @entity272 analysis. @entity1 were asked if they would biopsy the lesion based on clinical images and high-resolution dermoscopy images and again when subsequently shown multispectral digital @entity272 analysis probability information. SETTING/ @entity1 : Forty-one dermatologists at a @entity1489 conference in Germany in September 2014. MEASUREMENTS: Sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, percent biopsying all @entity320 , and overall biopsy rates. RESULTS: Sensitivity for the detection of @entity320 following clinical evaluation was 64 percent. After receipt of multispectral digital @entity272 analysis probability information, sensitivity decreased nonsignificantly to 62 percent. Specificity with clinical evaluation was 57 percent and increased to 73 percent using multispectral digital @entity272 analysis. Overall biopsy accuracy increased from 60 percent with clinical evaluation to 68 percent with multispectral digital @entity272 analysis. The percentage of low-grade @entity6349 chosen for biopsy decreased from 43 percent after clinical evaluation to 27 percent with multispectral digital @entity272 analysis. Finally, the overall percentage of lesions biopsied decreased from 52 percent with clinical evaluation to 42 percent after multispectral digital @entity272 analysis. CONCLUSION: Multispectral digital @entity272 analysis can be used reliably to detect @entity320 as well as clinical evaluation. Dermatologists can confidently use multispectral digital @entity272 analysis to significantly improve specificity and reduce their overall number of biopsies while increasing overall diagnostic accuracy.

title: The Impact of Multispectral Digital Skin Lesion Analysis on German Dermatologist Decisions to Biopsy Atypical Pigmented Lesions with Clinical Characteristics of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['pigmented skin lesions', 'skin lesion']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic nevi']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study evaluates the clinical features of contact @entity738 and compares the results of voice therapy in operated versus unoperated cases. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of 123 @entity1 with contact @entity738 . Thirty-six @entity1 had undergone one or more surgeries before phoniatric consultation. After their final operation, 33 @entity1 had recurrence. The three @entity1 who were cured by operation were not studied further. The course of disease in the 33 @entity1 with recurrence was compared with that of 87 @entity1 who did not have surgery. METHODS: The hospital records were reviewed concerning age, sex, symptoms, side of @entity738 , and outcome of treatment. RESULTS: The predominant symptoms were vocal fatigue, vocal discomfort, the need for excessive throat clearing, and hoarseness. The recurrence rate after operation was 92%. Twelve months after voice therapy, 35% of the operated group and 51% of the unoperated group were cured. The @entity1 who had surgery had almost twice as many sessions of voice therapy as the unoperated group, and their mean recovery time was 17 months, compared with 8 months for the unoperated group. CONCLUSIONS: The recurrence rate after surgery was high. Surgery may prolong the recovery time. Subjective symptoms diminished during voice therapy, but we cannot confirm that it was beneficial for the healing process.

title: A retrospective study of contact XXXX .

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

answer: @entity738 :: (MESH:D006099,Disease) :: ['granuloma']


abstract: To assess the in vivo sensitivity of @entity3964 to @entity8775 and @entity506 in a hyperendemic area of southern Viet @entity9505 , we studied 41 @entity1 and 21 adults from a remote commune who had uncomplicated @entity9231 without previous treatment. @entity1 were randomly allocated to @entity506 (4 mg/kg on day 0 and 2 mg/kg on days 1-4) or @entity8775 (10 mg/kg followed by 5 mg/kg at 6 h). Serial assessments were performed over 28 days. Of 31 @entity1 allocated @entity506 , nine (29%) redeveloped parasitaemia during follow-up compared with 23% (seven of 30) who received @entity8775 . Of the 41 @entity1 , 15 (37%) had recrudescence/re-infection compared with only one of 20 adults (5%; p < 0.001). Significantly more @entity1 than adults failed on @entity8775 treatment (37% vs 0%; p = 0.021) and one case showed RIII resistance. There was no significant difference in the case of @entity506 . In regression analysis, parasitaemia was an independent predictor of recrudescence/re-infection after @entity8775 (p = 0.02). These data support the use of combination therapy such as @entity506 plus @entity8775 for @entity9231 in a hyperendemic area of Viet @entity9505 . Primarily because of their greater parasite densities, @entity1 should be given higher doses of @entity8775 (e.g. 25 mg/kg).

title: Treatment of XXXX in Vietnamese @entity1 : the need for combination therapy and optimized dosage regimens.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8775 :: ('MESH:D015767', 'Chemical') :: ['mefloquine']

entities_list: @entity9231 :: ('MESH:D016778', 'Disease') :: ['falciparum malaria']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity506 :: ('MESH:C039726', 'Chemical') :: ['artesunate']

answer: @entity9231 :: (MESH:D016778,Disease) :: ['falciparum malaria']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e20521 Background: @entity2240 , which targets KIT, @entity3820 , @entity319 , has demonstrated efficacy in @entity1 with @entity677 after they experience @entity2213 failure. A study from JCO reported @entity677 @entity1 with exon 9 gene mutation or wild type had more benefit receiving @entity2240 treatment. We analysed the impact of primary and secondary gene mutation on @entity2240 treatment in Chinese @entity677 @entity1 . METHODS: We assessed the @entity5 response according to RECIST criterion in 31 @entity1 with @entity2213 -resistant/intolerant @entity677 , and examined the Kit/ @entity675 mutation status by using @entity5 specimens obtained before or after prior @entity2213 therapy. Progression-free survival (PFS) was evaluated with Kaplan-Meier methods and log-rank tests. RESULTS: Primary gene mutations examination were performed in all the @entity1 and secondary gene mutations in nine @entity1 . Primary gene mutations were identified in 77.4% @entity677 . 61.3% had exon 11 mutation, 12.9% had exon 9 mutation, 3.2% obtained exon 17 mutation, no @entity3820 gene mutation was found. 77.8% @entity1 had secondary gene mutation of the nine @entity1 and the more commonly secondary mutation were located in exon 13 and exon 17. Disease control rate with @entity2240 were observed for primary genotype: KIT exon 9 (75%),wild-type Kit/ @entity675 (57%) and Kit exon11(53%). The @entity1 with exon 9 mutation had more longer PFS (60 weeks, vs. wild type 21 weeks, p=0.022; vs. exon 11 mutation 29 weeks, p=0.070). Two @entity1 with secondary Kit exon 13 mutation and one @entity1 without secondary mutation had PR or SD, but those @entity1 with primary or secondary Kit exon 17 muations showed no clinical benefit. CONCLUSIONS: @entity677 @entity1 with KIT exon 9 mutation response well to @entity2240 treatment; @entity677 with KIT exon 17 mutation is @entity2240 -resistant.

title: Correlation of kinase genotypes and activity of XXXX in @entity2213 failure gastrointestinal stromal tumor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['Sunitinib', 'sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

answer: @entity2240 :: (MESH:C473478,Chemical) :: ['sunitinib']


abstract: Fetal and placental growth rate in @entity742 has been manipulated by removal of endometrial caruncles prior to conception. This produced two groups of fetuses, one in which prenatal growth rate was similar to normal and a second group in which the fetuses were about half of the normal size. The mortality in the latter group was high, particularly after catheterisation, and there was evidence of early @entity204 and fetal reabsorption. Prior to 125 days the relationship between fetal and placental size was poor, but after 126 days a close correlation between the two was apparent. The small fetuses had comparably small placentas and in all cases there was a close relationship between fetal and placental weight. The experimental @entity851 was associated with hypoglycaemia, @entity519 and hypoinsulinaemia. Plasma T3, T4 and particularly prolactin were very low in the small fetuses whilst levels of @entity701 and @entity493 were high. In contrast to the controls these fetuses showed little evidence of net @entity413 , @entity493 or @entity880 consumption. Infusion of 50% @entity413 into the pregnant ewe, sufficient to elevate maternal plasma @entity413 concentrations 2 to 3 fold, caused a comparable increase in the plasma concentrations of normal fetuses but only a 50% rise in the concentration in small fetuses. In contrast administration of 50% O2 to the ewes sufficient to cause a 2 to 3-fold increase in maternal @entity4095 caused only a small increase of arterial @entity4095 of normal fetuses but doubled that to normal levels in small fetuses. The results are discussed in relation to the effect of reduced placental size causing a fall in placental and transport and transport capacity and significance of this to the associated @entity1592 .

title: Studies on experimental @entity851 in XXXX . The effects of a small placenta in restricting transport to and growth of the fetus.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['fetal growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['intra-uterine death']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: Transvaginal ultrasound with SIS is a cost-minimizing screening tool for perimenopausal and postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity3556 . Its use decreases the need for invasive diagnostic procedures for @entity1 without abnormalities, and ultrasound increases the sensitivity of detecting abnormalities in @entity1 with pathologic conditions. Vaginal sonography is preferred over uniform biopsy of postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity3556 because it (1) is a less invasive procedure, (2) is generally painless, (3) has no complications, and (4) may be more sensitive for detecting @entity189 than blind biopsy. Transvaginal sonography is rarely nondiagnostic. Endometrial sampling is less successful in @entity1 with a thin endometrial stripe on ultrasound than in @entity1 with real endometrial pathologic condition. A limitation of ultrasound is that an abnormal finding is not specific: ultrasound cannot always reliably distinguish between benign proliferation, @entity1373 , @entity1127 , and @entity5 . Although ultrasound may not be able to distinguish between @entity1373 and @entity5 , the next step in the clinical treatment requires tissue sampling. Because of the risk of progression of @entity189 , @entity1 with this finding may benefit from hormonal suppression, dilatation and curettage, endometrial ablation, or hysterectomy, depending on the clinical scenario. The inability to distinguish these two entities based on ultrasound alone should not be seen as a limitation because tissue sampling is required in either case. Occasionally (in 5% to 10% of cases), a @entity1 's endometrium cannot be identified on ultrasound, and these @entity1 also need further evaluation. Ultrasonography also may be used as a first-line investigation in other populations with abnormal uterine @entity548 . In a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of 400 @entity1 with abnormal uterine @entity548 , the investigators found that transvaginal sonography combined with Pipelle endometrial biopsy and outpatient hysteroscopy was as effective as inpatient hysteroscopy and curettage. The subject, included @entity1 older than 35 years with PMB, @entity931 , @entity1867 , @entity548 , or irregular menses. Transvaginal sonography may be a cost-effective. sensitive, and well-tolerated method to evaluate most @entity1 with @entity548 in combination with physical examination and endometrial biopsy and hysteroscopy us indicated. Hysteroscopy is likely to become the new gold standard in the future because of its ability to visualize directly the endometrium and perform directed biopsies as indicated. As office-based hysteroscopy becomes more practical and widespread, the technique may become more cost effective. An evaluation plan using transvaginal sonography as the initial screening evaluation followed by endometrial biopsy or, more likely, hysteroscopy is likely to become the standard of care (Fig. 12). It remains unproven whether certain @entity1 at higher risk for @entity189 should proceed directly to invasive evaluation. @entity1 on @entity440 with persistent recurrent @entity548 , @entity1 with significant risk factors for @entity189 , and @entity1 with life-threatening @entity548 comprise this group. Further studies are still necessary to evaluate high-risk @entity1 and determine whether ultrasound or biopsy is really the most cost-effective initial test.

title: Ultrasonographic evaluation of the endometrium in postmenopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal bleeding', 'postcoital bleeding', 'bleeding', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['complex hyperplasia to carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1867 :: ('MESH:D008796', 'Disease') :: ['intermenstrual bleeding']

entities_list: @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['menorrhagia']

answer: @entity3556 :: (MESH:D014592,Disease) :: ['vaginal bleeding']


abstract: Granulomatous inflammatory lesions are a major histopathological feature of a wide spectrum of @entity1 infectious and @entity792 . Experimental @entity1669 (EAT) with @entity738 histopathological features can be induced by @entity19 @entity32411 (MTg)-sensitized spleen cells activated in vitro with MTg and anti-interleukin-2 receptor (anti- @entity3783 ), anti- @entity2047 , or anti- @entity60 (anti- @entity60 ) monoclonal antibody (MAb). These studies suggested that @entity60 -producing T cells requiring @entity2047 for growth may negatively regulate activation of @entity738 EAT effector cells. As IL-12 promotes activation of @entity60 -producing @entity630 cells, the present study was undertaken to determine the role of IL-12 in activation of effector cells for @entity738 EAT. MTg-sensitized cells activated in vitro with MTg, anti- @entity3783 MAb, and IL-12 induced severe, destructive @entity4941 with @entity32 , fibrin deposition, and @entity39 . Many glands ultimately underwent @entity194 and became fibrotic; some also showed @entity39 and a mixed @entity32 of blood vessel walls indicative of a @entity1333 . Induction of severe @entity738 EAT by IL-12 required MTg in vitro and was unrelated to the IL-12-induced increase in @entity60 production. IL-12 markedly increased @entity60 production but did not induce a shift to a @entity630 -dominant phenotype, as other @entity630 and @entity61 cytokines were generally unaffected and both @entity630 and @entity61 cytokines were expressed in recipient thyroids. Addition of IL-12 or neutralization by anti-IL-12 at various times indicated that IL-12 exerted its primary effects in the final 24 hours of the 72-hour culture and was not required in recipient @entity19 . Cells cultured with anti-IL-12, MTg, and anti- @entity3783 MAb transferred mild lymphocytic EAT but little or no @entity738 EAT. Thus, IL-12 profoundly regulates the in vitro activation of effector cells that induce histologically distinct autoimmune inflammatory lesions in the thyroid.

title: Interleukin-12 promotes activation of effector cells that induce a severe destructive XXXX form of @entity19 experimental @entity1669 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory cell infiltration', 'neutrophil inflammation']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity4941 :: ('MESH:D013968', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['fibrinoid necrosis', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity60 :: ('15978(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity738 :: (MESH:D006099,Disease) :: ['granulomatous']


abstract: @entity99 and venovenous bypass are frequently used surgical procedures when concomitant resection of the inferior vena cava is required during surgery of liver @entity5 involving the retrohepatic inferior vena cava close to the hepatic veins. However, the duration of @entity99 is limited due to the risk of @entity99 . Three @entity1 presented with severely compressed @entity96 . The surgical procedure involved initial taping of the inferior vena cava just below the hepatic veins by extrahepatic division and taping of the hepatic veins. After taping the inferior vena cava, hepatectomy with caval resection was performed by simply clamping the retrohepatic inferior vena cava, without the need for @entity99 or venovenous bypass. In all @entity1 the retrohepatic inferior vena cava were safely replaced with a prosthetic graft under stable hemodynamics. Duration of the inferior vena cava clamping was 31, 66, 75 minutes, respectively. No graft-related complications occurred, but 2 of the 3 @entity1 showed @entity8 associated with renal congestion postoperatively. The surgical procedure described herein is effective for the treatment of retrohepatic inferior vena cava in some @entity1 . However, when the case is complicated by chronic @entity8 or simultaneous nephrectomy is required, venovenous bypass should be performed.

title: Retrohepatic vena cava replacement of @entity99 without using XXXX or extracorporeal bypass.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'temporal renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['inferior vena cava and/or hepatic veins due to liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Total hepatic vascular exclusion', 'total hepatic vascular exclusion', 'hepatic ischemia']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['total hepatic vascular exclusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A double stent system (covered stent in uncovered stent) was designed to provide long-term patency without @entity5 ingrowth or stent-related complications, such as stent migration, @entity2679 , or @entity788 . PURPOSE: To investigate the safety and efficacy of double stents in @entity1 with @entity2876 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective, nonrandomized, multicenter study enrolled 160 consecutive @entity1 (102 @entity1 ; mean age, 64 years; range, 33-91 years) with @entity2876 treated with a double stent system from January 2010 to March 2012. RESULTS: The technical success rate of the double stent placement was 100%. No stent migration was observed. Procedure-related minor (self-limiting @entity7252 [n   =   6] and @entity255 [n   =   2]) and major ( @entity788 [n   =   16], @entity2679 [n   =   3], and @entity99 [n   =   2]) complications occurred in a total of 29 @entity1 . The mean serum @entity648 level, which was 8.9        5.6   mg/dL before drainage, decreased to 2.2        4.6   mg/ @entity19444 month after stent placement (P   <   0.001). Successful internal drainage was achieved in 148 @entity1 (92.5%). During the mean follow-up period of 205 days, acute @entity2679 (n   =   3) and @entity99 (n   =   2) occurred in five @entity1 . The median @entity1 survival and stent patency time were 135 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 96-160 days) and 114 days (95% CI, 83-131 days), respectively. Of 153 @entity1 , 22 (14.4%) presented with stent dysfunction due to sludge incrustation (n   =   17), @entity5 overgrowth (n   =   4), or blood clot (n   =   1), and required repeat intervention. @entity5 ingrowth was not observed in any of these @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Percutaneous treatment of malignant @entity2876 using a double stent safely and effectively achieves internal biliary drainage.

title: A prospective, multicenter study of a double stent system for palliative treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['extrahepatic biliary obstruction', 'malignant extrahepatic biliary obstructions']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic abscess']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity7252 :: ('MESH:D006431', 'Disease') :: ['hemobilia']

answer: @entity2876 :: (MESH:D001656,Disease) :: ['malignant extrahepatic biliary obstructions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The cognitive fusion questionnaire (CFQ) is a self-report questionnaire that assesses the extent to which individuals are psychologically entangled with, and dominated by the form-content of their thoughts. The aim of this study was to replicate the factor structure of CFQ in @entity66 , @entity6 , @entity28 , @entity308 , and normative population. It further examined the factorial invariance of the CFQ across these 5 groups. METHOD: Data from 299 @entity1 (N General Population   =  67, N @entity66   =  73, N @entity6   =  47, N @entity308   =  45, and N Obesity   =  60) were subjected to confirmatory factorial analysis ( @entity3795 ) to replicate the structural model of CFQ dimensionality. RESULTS: @entity3795 supported a 1-factor structure with good internal consistency and construct related validity. The 1-factor solution was also supported by a second independent data set, which showed a configural, strict measurement, and structural invariance of the 1-factor solution proposed. Multigroup @entity3795 showed the configural invariance, strict measurement invariance, and structural invariance of CFQ across the 5 groups under study. CONCLUSIONS: The unidimensional model has both similar meanings and the same structure, but the measurement model across the groups was not the same. The study provides the first approach to CFQ to Portuguese population, as a reliable tool of general cognitive fusion. Furthermore, results indicated that CFQ has a coherent structure across multiple samples and clinical utility, as it discriminate individuals with @entity458 from those who do not.

title: Validation of the psychometric properties of cognitive fusion questionnaire. A study of the factorial validity and factorial invariance of the measure among XXXX , @entity6 , @entity28 , @entity308 , and general populations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depressive Disorder', 'depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoarticular Disease', 'osteoarticular disease']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes Mellitus', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['osteoarticular disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The combined effects of balanced transfusion ratios and use of procoagulant and antifibrinolytic therapies on @entity130 -induced exsanguination are not known. The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effect of transfusion ratios, @entity927 and products containing @entity2002 on the outcome of injured @entity1 with @entity548 . METHODS: A prospective multicentre observational study was performed in six level 1 @entity130 centres. Injured @entity1 who received at least 4   units of red blood cells (RBCs) were analysed and divided into groups receiving a low (less than 1   :   1) or high (1 or more   :   1) ratio of plasma or platelets to RBCs, and in receipt or not of @entity927 or @entity2002 products ( @entity2002 concentrates or cryoprecipitate). @entity2357 models were used to assess the effect of transfusion strategies on the outcomes 'alive and free from massive transfusion' (at least 10   units of RBCs in 24   h) and early 'normalization of @entity1003 ' (defined as an international normalized ratio of 1  2 or less). RESULTS: A total of 385 injured @entity1 with ongoing @entity548 were included in the study. Strategies that were independently associated with an increased number of @entity1 alive and without massive transfusion were a high platelet to RBC ratio (odds ratio (OR) 2  67, 95 per cent c.i. 1  24 to 5  77; P   =   0  012), a high plasma to RBC ratio (OR 2  07, 1  03 to 4  13; P   =   0  040) and treatment with @entity927 (OR 2  71, 1  29 to 5  71; P   =   0  009). No strategies were associated with correction of @entity1003 . CONCLUSION: A high platelet or plasma to RBC ratio, and use of @entity927 were associated with a decreased need for massive transfusion and increased survival in injured @entity1 with @entity548 . Early normalization of @entity1003 was not seen for any transfusion ratio, or for use of @entity927 or @entity2002 products.

title: Combined effect of therapeutic strategies for @entity548 on early survival, transfusion needs and correction of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Logistic regression']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

answer: @entity1003 :: (MESH:D001778,Disease) :: ['coagulopathy']


abstract: Several animal species have shown a teratogenic response to inhaled or ingested @entity17884 (EGME). The present study examined the developmental phase specificity and dose-response characteristics of EGME-induced embryotoxicity. Pregnant @entity2659 @entity19 (vaginal plug positive day = gestation Day [gd]0) received multiple or single doses of EGME by gavage between @entity39633 and 14. Fetuses were examined on gd 18 for @entity853 . EGME was not maternally toxic after multiple doses of 250 mg/kg or a single administration of up to 500 mg/kg. EGME induced embryotoxicity as manifested by reduced gd 18 fetal weights and increased resorptions. The observed @entity600 were specifically related to the developmental stage at the time of exposure. @entity601 resulted after EGME exposure between @entity39633 to 10 whereas @entity154 (syndactyly, @entity56515 , and stunted digit No. 1) predominated during later stages of development. @entity154 were maximal after administration on gd 11, and forepaws exhibited greater susceptibility than hindpaws. The no observed effect dose for the induction of digit @entity600 after a single administration of EGME on gd 11 was 100 mg/kg. At 175 mg EGME/kg @entity154 were induced without any concurrent @entity53741 while at 250 mg/kg and above, @entity154 occurred concurrently with reduced fetal body weight.

title: Developmental phase-specific and dose-related teratogenic effects of @entity17884 in XXXX @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['Paw anomalies', 'digit anomalies', 'paw anomalies']

entities_list: @entity853 :: ('MESH:D009139', 'Disease') :: ['external and skeletal malformations']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['Exencephaly']

entities_list: @entity53741 :: ('MESH:D020567', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in fetal body weight']

entities_list: @entity17884 :: ('MESH:C005219', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene glycol monomethyl ether']

entities_list: @entity56515 :: ('MESH:C535688', 'Disease') :: ['oligodactyly']

answer: @entity2659 :: (111334(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD-1']


abstract: 1. Substrate-saturation curves of brain hexokinase for MgATP(2-) were sigmoidal at sub-saturating concentrations of @entity413 when the @entity1025 / @entity855 ratio was maintained at 1:1. Under identical conditions, except that @entity1025 was present in excess, hyperbolic curves were observed. 2. The number of binding sites (calculated from Hill plots) is 1.8 at a @entity1025 / @entity855 ratio 1:1, and 1.0 with excess of @entity1025 . The apparent K(m) for @entity51742 is 6.5x10(-4)m at a @entity1025 / @entity855 ratio 1:1, and 3.5x10(-4)m with excess of @entity1025 . 3. Interdependence between substrate-binding sites was indicated by the effects of varying the concentration of @entity413 . The sigmoidality and deviation from Michaelis-Menten kinetics at a @entity1025 / @entity855 ratio 1:1 became less pronounced with increasing @entity413 concentration. Also, although substrate-saturation curves for @entity413 were hyperbolic when the @entity1025 / @entity855 ratio was 1:1, reciprocal plots were non-linear. These were linear with excess of @entity1025 . 4. High concentrations of @entity1025 ( @entity1025 / @entity855 ratios above 5:1) were inhibitory. 5. The results are taken to indicate homotropic co-operative binding of @entity51742 and that @entity1025 is an allosteric activator. Possible implications in regulation are discussed.

title: Allosteric activation of brain hexokinase by magnesium ions and by magnesium ion-- XXXX complex.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['adenosine triphosphate']