abstract: Pluripotent stem cells are increasingly used for therapeutic models, including transplantation of neural progenitors derived from @entity1 embryonic stem cells (hESC). Recently, long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), including @entity15047 ( @entity15047 ) derived from the @entity11591 - @entity41386 -imprinted locus, were found to be expressed during neural developmental events. Their deregulations are associated with various @entity16 . The @entity11591 - @entity41386 -imprinted locus encodes abundant noncoding RNA (ncRNA) that are regulated by differential methylation on the locus. The aim of our research was to study the correlation between the @entity11591 - @entity41386 -derived ncRNA and the capacity of hESC neural lineage differentiation. We classified hESC into @entity15047 -ON and @entity15047 -OFF based on the expression levels of @entity15047 as well as its downstream microRNA by qRT-PCR. Initial embryoid body (EB) formation was conducted to examine the 3 germ layer's differentiation ability. Complementary DNA microarray was used to analyse the gene expression profiles of hESC. Directed neural lineage differentiation was performed, followed by analysis of neural lineage marker expression levels and neurite formation via qRT-PCR and immunocytochemistry methods to investigate the capacity of neural differentiation in @entity15047 -ON and @entity15047 -OFF hESC. As for statistics, error bars indicate standard error of the mean. Student's t-test was used for calculating P-values, and a P-value of less than 0.05 was considered to be significant. Our results showed that @entity15047 -ON and @entity15047 -OFF hESC differed greatly in @entity11591 - @entity41386 -derived ncRNA expression levels, but had comparable pluripotency gene expression profiles. Genes related to nervous system development and @entity5 were differentially expressed in @entity15047 -OFF hESC, where @entity11591 - @entity41386 -derived ncRNA were repressed compared to @entity15047 -ON ones before differentiation. In neural lineage-like cells derived from @entity15047 -OFF hESC, lower expression levels of neural lineage markers and @entity73 were observed compared to @entity15047 -ON hESC at the same time points after differentiation. We suggest that the expression of @entity11591 - @entity41386 -derived lncRNA, @entity15047 , can be used as a simple and effective screening criterion for identifying @entity15047 -ON hESC with activation of @entity11591 - @entity41386 -imprinted ncRNA as starting materials to benefit neural lineage-associated studies.

title: 346 expression of imprinted noncoding RNA from the @entity11591 - XXXX locus in @entity1 embryonic stem cells advantages neural lineage differentiation.

entities_list: @entity15047 :: ('55384', 'Gene') :: ['MEG3', 'Maternally Expressed Gene 3']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neural cancers']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological diseases']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired neurite formation']

answer: @entity41386 :: (1735,Gene) :: ['dio3']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: @entity3009 (PG) E2 promotes @entity344 and @entity5 progression. The total amount of biologically active @entity1421 in tissues is determined by a balance of PG biosynthesis and degradation pathways, which involve the PG transporter (PGT). We investigated PGT in @entity356 by determining its expression pattern and examining associations of PGT with prognosis and @entity5 angiogenesis. METHODS: PGT expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in advanced @entity356 specimens obtained from 96 @entity1 who underwent surgical resection. Correlations between PGT expression level and clinicopathological factors were statistically analyzed. Angiogenesis in the @entity5 tissue was evaluated by counting the number of microvessels. The role of PGT in mRNA and protein expression of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) was examined in @entity356 cells stimulated by @entity1421 . RESULTS: Based on multivariate and Kaplan-Meier analyses, negativity for PGT expression was an independent poor prognostic factor. There were more microvessels in PGT-negative @entity5 than in PGT-positive @entity5 . Transfection of @entity15206 and MKN7 @entity356 cells with PGT-specific siRNA led to increased @entity7 mRNA and protein expression accompanied by increased @entity1421 in the culture media. CONCLUSIONS: PGT expression is an independent predictor of poor survival and is associated with @entity5 angiogenesis in @entity356 .

title: Reduction of @entity3009 transporter predicts poor prognosis associated with angiogenesis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric adenocarcinoma']


abstract: AIMS: In healthy @entity1 , brachial artery @entity859 infusion elicits a reflex increase in total body @entity1063 (NE) spillover ( @entity14764 ) that is blunted by oral angiotensin @entity1129 (1) receptor blockade. Our objectives were to determine whether a similar reflex is active in treated @entity712 ( @entity712 ) @entity1 and attenuated by ARB. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this double-blind study, 12 @entity1 with an ejection fraction  <=40% were randomized to 2 weeks of oral @entity1564 up-titrated to 32 mg/day or placebo. Forearm blood flow was measured bilaterally by venous occlusion plethysmography. Total body NE spillover was determined following infusion of tritiated NE. After saline was infused into the non-dominant brachial artery to establish baseline values, @entity859 and @entity1854 (as vasodilator control) were administered in random order. Both caused dose-dependent increases in ipsilateral but not contralateral blood flow. @entity1854 had no @entity14764 effect, whereas @entity859 reduced @entity14764 from 3967 (SD 2362) to 3293 pmol/min (SD 2093) (P = 0.03). This decrease was not augmented in @entity1564 -treated subjects [-1096 (SD 726) vs. -253 pmol/min (SD 1094); placebo vs. @entity1564 ; P = 0.22]. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to healthy @entity1 , in treated @entity712 @entity1 , locally infused @entity859 does not elicit a reflex sympatho-excitatory response mediated by angiotensin @entity1129 (1)-modulated neurotransmission.

title: Reflex systemic sympatho-neural response to brachial @entity859 infusion in treated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitroprusside', 'nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity1564 :: ('MESH:C081643', 'Chemical') :: ['candesartan']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: Pulsed arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to investigate the local coupling between resting regional cerebral blood flow ( @entity13279 ) and BOLD (blood @entity26 level dependent) signal changes in 22 normal @entity1 subjects during the administration of 0.25 MAC (minimum alveolar concentration) @entity2614 . Two states were compared with subjects at rest: anesthesia and no-anesthesia. Regions of both significantly increased and decreased resting-state @entity13279 were observed. Increases were limited primarily to @entity2383 , whereas, decreases were observed primarily in neocortical regions. No significant change was found in global @entity13279 (gCBF). By simultaneously measuring @entity13279 and BOLD, region-specific anesthetic effects on the coupling between @entity13279 and BOLD were identified. Multiple comparisons of the agent-induced @entity13279 and BOLD changes demonstrated significant (P < 0.05) spatial variability in @entity13279 -BOLD coupling. The slope of the linear regression line for AC, where @entity13279 was increased by @entity2614 , was markedly smaller than the slope for those ROIs where @entity13279 was decreased by @entity2614 , indicating a bigger change in BOLD per unit change in @entity13279 in regions where @entity13279 was increased by @entity2614 . These results suggest that it would be inaccurate to use a global quantitative model to describe coupling across all brain regions and in all anesthesia conditions. The observed spatial nonuniformity of @entity13279 and BOLD signal changes suggests that any interpretation of BOLD fMRI data in the presence of an anesthetic requires consideration of these insights.

title: Spatial nonuniformity of the resting CBF and BOLD responses to XXXX : in vivo study of normal @entity1 subjects with magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['subcortical structures and insula']

answer: @entity2614 :: (MESH:C009250,Chemical) :: ['sevoflurane']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The role of biomarkers of subclinical @entity32 in the early deterioration of glycaemia before @entity164 2 @entity6 is largely unknown. We hypothesised that increased levels of circulating proinflammatory biomarkers and decreased circulating @entity1254 would be associated with 7  year increases of HbA1c in non- @entity6 individuals. METHODS: This study was based on individuals who participated in the prospective Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) S4 survey (1999-2001) and the 7  year follow-up KORA F4 (2006-2008) survey. Individuals with @entity164 2 @entity6 at baseline or with a diagnosis of @entity6 in the period between both surveys were excluded, which left a sample of 850 @entity1 and @entity1 . Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to assess associations among baseline values of leucocyte count and levels of acute-phase proteins (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP], @entity5475 [ @entity5475 ] and @entity2002 ), @entity650 and @entity1254 with changes in @entity4051 c between baseline and follow-up. RESULTS: A high leucocyte count and high hsCRP, @entity5475 and @entity650 levels were positively associated with changes in @entity4051 c after adjusting for age, sex, lifestyle factors and baseline HbA1c. In contrast, the @entity1254 level was inversely associated with changes in HbA1c (p value between <0.0001 and 0.020). The associations of leucocyte count and levels of hsCRP and @entity5475 with HbA1c changes remained significant after additional adjustment for waist circumference and circulating lipids at baseline and for the 7  year change in waist circumference (p value between 0.004 and 0.045). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: An elevated leucocyte count and elevated hsCRP and @entity5475 were associated with early deterioration of glycaemia before the diagnosis of @entity164 2 @entity6 . These associations were largely independent of baseline abdominal adiposity and increases in waist circumference.

title: Association of subclinical XXXX with deterioration of glycaemia before the diagnosis of @entity164 2 @entity6 : the KORA S4/F4 study.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: In @entity840 airways, @entity2472 induced by @entity15491 or antigen are thought to be mediated primarily by an action of the agonist or of released mast cell-derived mediators directly on the airway smooth muscle cell. An indirect contractile action mediated by endogenous @entity4756 also has been described for both of these stimuli. The present study evaluated the contribution of endogenous @entity4756 to ovalbumin- and leukotriene D4-induced @entity2472 in the @entity840 bronchus by modulating the concentrations of @entity4756 within the tissues and by using neurokinin receptor antagonists. Acute depletion of @entity4756 with @entity2951 had no effect on responses elicited by either stimulus. Similarly, @entity1022 treatment failed to influence leukotriene D4-induced @entity2472 . Inhibitors of neutral endopeptidase (thiorphan) and angiotensin-converting enzyme ( @entity3593 ) enhanced neurally mediated tachykininergic responses and potentiated leukotriene D4. The latter effect persisted in the presence of @entity1022 or the neurokinin antagonists @entity11714 and @entity21313 and in tissues treated acutely with @entity2951 . The potentiation was absent, however, from bronchi incubated with @entity462 . Ovalbumin-induced @entity2472 were unaltered by inhibition of neutral endopeptidase and angiotensin-converting enzyme. These observations suggest that @entity4756 are not involved in mediation of leukotriene D4- or antigen-induced @entity2472 of the @entity840 bronchus. The ability of protease inhibitors to potentiate leukotriene D4 but not antigen-induced responses is therefore ascribed to inhibition of bioinactivation of @entity4352 D4 to @entity11130 .

title: Absence of @entity4756 involvement in leukotriene D4 and antigen-induced contraction of XXXX isolated bronchus.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['L-cysteine']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity4352 :: ('CHEBI:25029', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotriene']

entities_list: @entity15491 :: ('MESH:D017998', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotriene D4']

entities_list: @entity3593 :: ('MESH:D017706', 'Chemical') :: ['lisinopril']

entities_list: @entity11130 :: ('MESH:D017999', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotriene E4']

entities_list: @entity4756 :: ('MESH:D015320', 'Chemical') :: ['tachykinins']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['contractions']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We have previously developed a multigene expression model of @entity5 @entity41060 ( @entity41060 ) with clinical validation in multiple cohorts and disease sites. We hypothesized @entity41060 would identify @entity463 @entity1 who would respond to radiation and predict treatment outcomes. Clinical and array based gene expression (Affymetrix HT @entity1 Genome U133 Array Plate Set) level 2 data was downloaded from the @entity5 (TCGA). A total of 270 @entity1 were identified for the analysis: 214 who underwent radiotherapy and @entity2903 and 56 who did not undergo radiotherapy. Median follow-up for the entire cohort was 9.1 months (range: 0.04-92.2 months). @entity1 who did not receive radiotherapy were more likely to be older (p < 0.001) and of poorer performance status (p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, @entity41060 is an independent predictor of @entity3012 (HR = 1.64, 95% CI 1.08-2.5; p = 0.02). Furthermore, on subset analysis, radiosensitive @entity1 had significantly improved @entity3012 in the @entity1 with high @entity8724 expression (unmethylated @entity8724 ), 1 year @entity3012 84.1% vs. 53.7% (p = 0.005). This observation held on MVA (HR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.19-3.31; p = 0.008), suggesting that @entity138 has a larger therapeutic impact in these @entity1 . In conclusion, @entity41060 predicts for @entity3012 in @entity463 . These data further confirm the value of @entity41060 as a disease-site independent biomarker.

title: The XXXX index predicts for overall survival in @entity463 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer genome atlas']

entities_list: @entity41060 :: ('MESH:C565848', 'Disease') :: ['RSI', 'radiosensitivity']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity41060 :: (MESH:C565848,Disease) :: ['radiosensitivity']


abstract: A 67-year-old @entity1 was referred to our hospital because of positive sputum cytology. Despite detailed examination, the malignant cell source remained elusive. Twenty months later, CT revealed two nodules in the right S1 and S10 regions which were resected. A year following the operation, gastoendoscopy showed a @entity5 . Total gastrectomy with lymph node dissection was performed. Histologically, this @entity1 was diagnosed with double primary @entity2 with @entity3 to the stomach. The @entity5 of the lung, stomach and @entity5 cells in the sputum showed the same immunoreactivities of @entity6181 ( @entity6181 ). In our institution, of 38 occult @entity2 encountered during the past 10 years, four (10.5%) occurred in the peripheral region. The presented four cases of @entity2 in the peripheral resion revealed bad prognosis, as three out of four @entity1 were dead within 24 months after surgery. All of the four cases showed @entity3 , though the size of the @entity5 was small. Careful follow-up, including monitoring for distant @entity3 , is necessary in radiologically occult peripheral @entity2 .

title: Peripherally located occult @entity2 with XXXX expression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity6181 :: ('267', 'Gene') :: ['autocrine motility factor receptor', 'AMFR']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'stomach tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers', 'radiologically occult lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'venous invasion']

answer: @entity6181 :: (267,Gene) :: ['AMFR']


abstract: It has previously been shown that analysis of coronary morphology can separate unstable from @entity5749 . An @entity850 with a @entity135 or irregular borders, or both, is very common in @entity1 who present with acute @entity1459 , whereas it is rare in @entity1 with @entity5749 . To extend these observations to @entity583 , the coronary morphology of 41 @entity1 with acute or recent @entity1188 and nontotally occluded @entity1188 vessels was studied. For all @entity1 , 27 (66%) of 41 @entity1188 vessels contained this eccentric narrowing, whereas only 2 (11%) of 18 noninfarct vessels with narrowing of 50 to less than 100% had this lesion (p less than 0.001). In addition, a separate group of @entity1 with acute @entity583 who underwent intracoronary streptokinase infusion were also analyzed in similar fashion. Fourteen (61%) of 23 @entity1188 vessels contained this lesion after streptokinase infusion compared with 1 (9%) of 11 noninfarct vessels with narrowing of 50 to less than 100% (p less than 0.01). Therefore, an @entity3979 with a @entity135 or irregular borders, or both, is the most common morphologic feature on angiography in both acute and recent @entity1188 as well as @entity1459 . This lesion probably represents either a disrupted @entity731 or a partially occlusive or lysed @entity715 , or both. The predominance of this morphology in both @entity1459 and acute @entity1188 suggests a possible link between these two conditions. @entity1459 and @entity583 may form a continuous spectrum with the clinical outcome dependent on the subsequent change in coronary supply relative to @entity296 .

title: Coronary angiographic morphology in @entity583 : a link between the pathogenesis of @entity1459 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['narrow neck']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial demand']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic plaque']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['stable angina']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['Unstable angina', 'unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['eccentric coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['eccentric stenosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To characterize the responsiveness of the Montr  al Rehabilitation Performance Profile (MRPP); to measure the differential effectiveness of a @entity14978 ( @entity14978 ) and a task-nonspecific (TNS) motor learning format to promote alternating stair descent in @entity1 with @entity73 ; and to evaluate the relevance of the MRPP to evidence-based practice. DESIGN: Randomized comparison of 2 age-matched groups; psychometric testing of measurement tool. SETTING: School for @entity1 with developmental and @entity73 . @entity1 : Ambulatory sample of convenience: 18 @entity1 , age 5 to 9 years, with moderate to severe @entity73 . INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The MRPP variables measured at baseline; end of 10-week intervention; and 5 and 10 weeks postintervention. Analysis of variance for repeated measures and part-whole correlation. RESULTS: Global stair descent performance improved for both @entity14978 and TNS groups over time (P=.001). However, a specific acquisition and retention of the alternating pattern of descent was associated with the @entity14978 format. CONCLUSION: The MRPP was responsive to small differences in stair descent performance that are specific to the format of the motor learning intervention. The MRPP allows clinicians to determine the timing of the intervention needed to maintain or improve stair descent ability.

title: The Montr  al Rehabilitation Performance Profile: a statistical model for assessing stair descent in XXXX with @entity73 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity14978 :: ('MESH:C566973', 'Disease') :: ['TS', 'task-specific']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive impairments']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity442 ( @entity442 ) and its main binding protein ( @entity2301 ) in blood have been associated with the risk of several types of @entity5 . However, epidemiological studies have inconsistent results regarding the association of circulating @entity442 / @entity2301 levels with @entity43 risk. A systematic review of the prospective studies was conducted using meta-analysis to evaluate the existing evidence. Pubmed and Embase databases were searched to identify the relevant studies published before @entity4456 , 2014. Four highly qualified studies with a total of 627 cases and 1,358 controls were finally included in the meta-analysis. Random effects meta-analysis was conducted by combining study-specific odds ratios (ORs) of @entity43 for the highest verses lowest exposure levels. A dose-response association was further assessed by relating the log of ORs for different exposure levels. As a result, the pooled ORs for the highest verses lowest categories of @entity442 / @entity2301 were 0.85 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.51-1.40]/0.78 (95% CI, 0.43-1.40). In the subgroup analyses, the pooled ORs of @entity442 / @entity2301 were 1.89 (95% CI, 0.64-5.59)/1.08 (95% CI, 0.50-2.32) for the subgroup with cases diagnosed at <55 years, and 0.74 (95% CI, 0.50-1.08)/0.98 (95% CI, 0.73-1.33) for the subgroup with cases diagnosed at >= 55 years. No linear association between circulating @entity442 / @entity2301 levels and @entity43 risk was identified. As no significant association of @entity442 / @entity2301 with @entity43 risk was identified in the present meta-analysis of existing studies, more studies with greater quality are required in the future.

title: @entity2301 with the risk of XXXX : A systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['Insulin-like growth factor 1', 'IGF-1']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 who have undergone SOT mount a lower immune response after vaccination with TIV compared to healthy controls. @entity2033 or SD TIV in pediatric SOT was given to subjects 3-17  yr and at least six  months post-transplant. Subjects were randomized 2:1 to receive either the @entity2033 (60   g) or the SD (15   g) TIV. Local and systemic reactions were solicited after each vaccination, and immune responses were measured before and after each vaccination. Thirty-eight subjects were enrolled. Mean age was 11.25  yr; 68% male, 45% renal, 26% heart, 21% liver, 5% lung, and 5% intestinal. Twenty-three subjects were given @entity2033 and 15 SD TIV. The median time since transplant receipt was 2.2  yr. No severe AEs or rejection was attributed to vaccination. The @entity2033 group reported more @entity925 and local reactions, fatigue, and body ache when compared to the SD cohort, but these were considered mild and resolved within three  days. Subjects in the @entity2033 group demonstrated a higher percentage of four-fold titer rise to H3N2 compared to the SD group. @entity2033 influenza vaccine was well tolerated and may have increased immunogenicity. A phase 2 trial is needed to confirm.

title: Randomized, double-blind comparison of standard-dose vs. high-dose trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in pediatric solid organ transplant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Accurate and early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of @entity1 with @entity293 ( @entity293 ) are essential for the prevention or restriction of permanent @entity8 in @entity1 . The aim of this study was to compare renal ultrasonography (US) and @entity9409 ( @entity9409 ) renal scan in the diagnosis of @entity1 with febrile @entity293 . This study involved the medical records of @entity1 with febrile @entity293 who were admitted to the @entity1 's hospital in Qazvin, Iran. @entity2885 was diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and abnormal @entity9409 renal scans. The criteria for abnormality of renal US were an increase or a decrease in diffuse or focal parenchymal echogenicity, loss of @entity8 irregularities, parenchymal reduction and increased kidney size. Of the 100 study @entity1 , 23% had an abnormal US and 46% had an abnormal @entity9409 renal scan. Of the latter @entity1 , 15 had concurrent abnormal US (P value  <= 0.03, concordance rate: 18%). Renal US had a sensitivity of 32%, specificity of 85%, positive predictive value of 65% and negative predictive value of 60%. Of the 77 @entity1 with normal US, 31 (40.2%) had an abnormal @entity9409 renal scan. Despite the benefits and accessibility of renal US, its value in the diagnosis of @entity2885 is limited.

title: Comparison of renal ultrasonography and XXXX renal scintigraphy in febrile @entity293 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['damage to the kidneys', 'corticomedullary differentiation, kidney position']

entities_list: @entity9409 :: ('MESH:D004113', 'Chemical') :: ['DMSA', 'dimercaptosuccinic acid']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis', 'Pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection', 'UTI']

answer: @entity9409 :: (MESH:D004113,Chemical) :: ['dimercaptosuccinic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of testicular @entity5 in @entity1 . METHODS: The clinical data of 37 @entity1 (aged between 3 months to 12 years) with @entity5 treated in our center between August 2000 and August 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. The median age was 14 months and 21 @entity1 were less than 2 years old. The @entity5 were on the left side in 18 cases, on the right side in 15 cases, and on both sides in 4 cases ( @entity41 ). Thirty-five @entity1 presented with painless scrotal mass; in the other two cases, @entity41 was found in routine medical examination in one case and testicular mature @entity44 was found due to perineal @entity158 in the other; both of the @entity1 underwent ultrasound or CT examination. Thirty-three @entity1 had @entity5 marker detection. Of the 37 @entity1 with benign @entity5 , 25 underwent radical inguinal orchiectomy and 12 had testis-sparing surgery. RESULTS: The @entity1 were followed up for 3-107 months (median 46 months). No @entity1 were found to have @entity5 recurrence, @entity3 or such complications as @entity194 ; 3 @entity1 had natural fertility later in adutthood. CONCLUSIONS: A high proportion of @entity5 in @entity1 are benign. Preoperative ultrasound or CT combined with detection of @entity5 markers such as serum @entity160 can be important in the diagnosis of pediatric @entity5 , for which testis-sparing surgery should be considered.

title: [Clinical analysis of pediatric testicular XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal residue testis tumor', 'testicular residue tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumors', 'testicular tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['testicular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['benign tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Atypical neuroleptics, including @entity1090 , are used to treat @entity1 with @entity2438 , despite limited efficacy and safety data. Many clinicians believe that @entity1090 will not induce @entity910 in @entity1 . The authors investigated open @entity1090 treatment in @entity1 with @entity2438 and included findings on @entity910 . METHOD: The sample included 22 outpatients (mean age = 7.1 years) diagnosed with @entity2438 (DSM-IV). Treatment consisted of a 1-month short-term phase followed by a 6-month long-term phase. At the end of the long-term phase, drug was discontinued, and the need for further drug treatment and the occurrence of @entity910 were assessed. Measures included the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI), @entity1 's Psychiatric Rating Scale (CPRS), and the @entity910 Scale. RESULTS: The mean @entity1090 dosage was 1.2 mg/day. Overall, the @entity1 had significant clinical improvement as assessed by the CPRS and CGI. Untoward effects included sedation, increased appetite, and @entity1017 . Two of 13 (15.4%) @entity1 treated long-term developed mild, reversible @entity910 when @entity1090 was discontinued. No @entity1 developed @entity910 on @entity1090 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1090 shows promise as a treatment in @entity2438 . However, @entity910 were noted. Further assessment of the risk of @entity1090 -related @entity910 is indicated.

title: XXXX treatment in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity2438 : short- and long-term safety and effectiveness.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesias', 'Abnormal Involuntary Movement', 'withdrawal dyskinesias']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone', 'Risperidone']

answer: @entity1090 :: (MESH:D018967,Chemical) :: ['Risperidone']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We report the case of a Caribbean @entity1 with an atypical presentation of bilateral @entity989 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A 57-year-old @entity1 , with @entity101 and @entity2175 , was referred to our center for a @entity1018 in the right eye to hand motions. Ophthalmic examination revealed only right @entity1829 . Brain magnetic resonance imaging was normal. Laboratory examination revealed no signs of @entity32 . A right non-arteritic acute @entity6810 was first suspected. One week later, the visual acuity (VA) in the left eye dropped from 10/10 to 5/10 with the appearance of @entity1829 on fundoscopic exam. This bilaterality led us to begin intravenous @entity288 followed by transition to oral. This improved the left eye VA to 10/10. Numerous bilateral white patches in the posterior pole appeared secondarily, hypofluorescent in the intermediate and late phases of angiography. RESULTS: The research of the etiology of @entity1596 showed a positive tuberculin skin test without any prior vaccination. The vitreous humor sample was negative on direct examination, by culture and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). DISCUSSION: Systemic corticosteroid therapy for @entity24181 is not well described. It may theoretically treat the inflammatory portion of the lesions due to @entity56 as in meningeal and pericardial involvement. CONCLUSION: The clinical spectrum of @entity24181 is wide and the diagnosis should be considered in any intraocular inflammatory condition of a chronic or acute recurrent nature, whether or not responsive to @entity230 .

title: Steroid treatment in XXXX : A double-edged sword?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['non-insulin dependent diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['sudden loss of vision']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6810 :: ('MESH:D018917', 'Disease') :: ['anterior ischemic optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papilledema']

entities_list: @entity24181 :: ('MESH:D014392', 'Disease') :: ['ocular tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['type  IV hypersensitivity reaction']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous chorioretinopathy']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity24181 :: (MESH:D014392,Disease) :: ['ocular tuberculosis']


abstract: The supply of islet cells is a limiting factor for the widespread application of islet transplantation of type-1 @entity6 . Islets constitute 1% to 2% of pancreatic tissue, leaving approximately 98% as discard after islet isolation and purification. In this report we present our data on the isolation of multipotent progenitor cells from discarded adult @entity1 pancreatic tissue. The collected cells from discarded nonislet fractions, after enzymatic digestion and gradient purification of islets, were dissociated for suspension culture in a serum-free medium. The cell clusters grown to a size of 100 to 150 mum contained cells staining for stage-specific embryonic antigens, but not insulin or @entity2690 . To direct cell differentiation toward islets, clusters were recultured in a pancreatic differentiation medium. Insulin and @entity2690 -positive cells by immunocytochemistry appeared within a week, reaching over 10% of the cell population. Glucagon and somatostatin-positive cells were also detected. The cell clusters were found to secrete insulin in response to @entity413 stimulation. Cells from the same clusters also had the capacity for differentiation into neural cells, as documented by staining for neural and glial cell markers when cultured as monolayers in media containing neurotrophic factors. These data suggest that multipotent pancreatic progenitor cells exist within the @entity1 pancreatic tissue that is typically discarded during islet isolation procedures. These adult progenitor cells can be successfully differentiated into insulin-producing cells, and thus they have the potential for treatment of @entity6 .

title: Multipotent progenitor cells isolated from adult XXXX pancreatic tissue.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type-1 diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known concerning Hispanic @entity1 ' perceptions about the role of the physician in @entity28 management. This study seeks to describe the perspectives of Hispanic @entity1 toward @entity353 , and what they believe their doctor's role should be in the management of @entity28 . METHODS: A cross-sectional study utilizing semi-structured interviews was conducted in a university-based family medicine clinic. Open-ended questions explored beliefs about the relationship between weight and health, previous @entity353 experience, perceptions about the role of the physician in @entity353 , past experiences with their physician, and preferences for how a physician could help facilitate @entity353 . The free recall listing technique was used to elicit responses. Common themes were identified by a group coding process. RESULTS: @entity1 were open to discussion from physicians concerning @entity353 but many had not been approached. They wanted assistance from their doctors in the form of dietician referrals, specific @entity353 goals, and encouragement. @entity1 ' knowledge about the implications of excess weight on health was lacking. CONCLUSION: Hispanic @entity1 want more help and advice from their doctors. General knowledge of the health implications of @entity28 was lacking, indicating a need for more health education by the healthcare team.

title: Hispanic XXXX Perspectives of the Physician's Role in Obesity Management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: Opitz (or G/BBB) syndrome is a @entity74 characterized by @entity5766 , @entity2650 , and additional midline defects. This syndrome is heterogeneous with an X-linked ( @entity3012 ) and an autosomal dominant (ADOS) form. The gene implicated in the @entity3012 form, @entity32841 , encodes a protein containing a RING-Bbox-Coiled-coil motif belonging to the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. To further clarify the molecular basis of @entity3012 , we have undertaken mutation analysis of the @entity32841 gene in @entity1 with @entity3012 ( @entity3012 ). We found novel mutations in 11 of 63 male individuals referred to us as sporadic or @entity3012 cases. The mutations are scattered throughout the gene, although more are represented in the 3' region. By reviewing all the @entity32841 -mutated @entity3012 @entity1 so far described, we confirmed that @entity5766 and @entity2650 are the most frequent manifestations, being present in almost every @entity3012 individual. However, it is clear that laryngo-tracheo-esophageal (LTE) defects are also common anomalies, being manifested by all @entity32841 -mutated male @entity1 . Congenital heart and @entity854 are less frequent than reported in literature. In addition, we can include @entity4218 in the @entity3012 clinical synopsis as we found a @entity32841 -mutated @entity1 showing syndactyly. The low frequency of mutations in @entity32841 and the high variability of the phenotype suggest the involvement of other genes in the @entity3012 phenotype.

title: X-linked Opitz syndrome: novel mutations in the XXXX gene and redefinition of the clinical spectrum.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5766 :: ('MESH:D006972', 'Disease') :: ['hypertelorism']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity3012 :: ('MESH:C567932', 'Disease') :: ['familial X-linked OS', 'Opitz syndrome', 'XLOS', 'OS']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['limb defects']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['anal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['pleiotropic genetic disorder']

answer: @entity32841 :: (4281,Gene) :: ['MID1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We reviewed the Mayo Clinic experience with management and outcome of @entity99 ( @entity99 ). METHODS: Retrospective review of charts for 306 @entity1 with true visceral @entity439 diagnosed from 1980 to 1998 enabled identification of 36 @entity1 (12%) with @entity99 . RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity99 included 23 @entity1 and 13 @entity1 , with mean age of 62.2 years (range, 20-85 years). Most @entity439 were extrahepatic (78%) and single (92%). Mean @entity439 diameter at presentation was 3.6 cm (range, 1.5-14 cm). Five @entity439 had @entity397 (14%), and four were symptomatic (11%). Mortality from @entity397 was 40%. Of the 9 @entity1 with @entity397 or symptomatic @entity439 , 2 @entity1 had multiple @entity99 , 3 @entity1 had @entity4267 , and 2 @entity1 had @entity573 nodosa. All five HAAs that @entity397 were of nonatherosclerotic origin (P =.001). Fourteen @entity1 (39%) underwent elective procedures, including excision with vein graft (n = 7), excision with dacron graft (n = 3), excision alone (n = 2), and percutaneous embolization (n = 2). Two vein grafts and one dacron graft became occluded within 1 year. Nonoperative management was elected in 22 @entity1 (61%) with mean @entity439 diameter 2.3 cm (range, 1.5-5 cm). No complications related to the @entity439 occurred during mean follow-up of 68.4 months (range, 1-372 months). @entity439 growth was identified in 27%, the greatest being 0.8 cm over 34 months. CONCLUSIONS: @entity99 are at definite risk for @entity397 (14%). Risk factors for @entity397 include multiple @entity99 and nonatherosclerotic origin. @entity1 with symptomatic @entity439 or any of these risk factors should be considered for intervention.

title: XXXX : factors that predict complications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['polyarteritis']

entities_list: @entity4267 :: ('MESH:D005352', 'Disease') :: ['fibromuscular dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured', 'rupture']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'Aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic artery aneurysms', 'HAA']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['Hepatic artery aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diplotaxis erucoides is a common weed of the Brassicaceae family widespread in southern and central Europe. METHODS: A total of 410 consecutive @entity1 referred for @entity566 study of @entity7370 and/or @entity565 were skin tested with D. erucoides pollen, 14 proving positive. A purified D. erucoides pollen extract was prepared to perform quantitative skin tests, provocation tests, immunoblotting, and EIA inhibition in the 14 sensitized @entity1 . RESULTS: Three @entity1 , directly involved in viniculture, had @entity7370 related to D. erucoides pollen. No D. erucoides-related symptoms were observed in most @entity1 , who were also sensitized to Artemisia pollen. RAST was positive in 12/14 @entity1 and nasal provocation tests in 9/12. The molecular masses of the most prevalent IgE-binding proteins ranged from 26 to 27.5 and from 31 to 34 kDa. D. erucoides pollen inhibited the IgE-binding of other sensitizing pollens in the three viniculture workers, whereas both Artemisia and D. erucoides pollen produced similar heterologous inhibition in the pooled serum of the remaining, nonclinically affected, D. erucoides-sensitized @entity1 . CONCLUSION: D. erucoides pollen may be an important prevalent aeroallergen, particularly in rural areas. It may act as an occupational allergen in vineyard workers, in whom it seems to be the primary sensitizing agent, playing a secondary cross-reactive role in other sensitized @entity1 .

title: XXXX to Diplotaxis erucoides pollen: occupational sensitization and cross-reactivity with other common pollens.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7370 :: ('OMIM:613207', 'Disease') :: ['rhinoconjunctivitis']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['Allergy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: By whole-body MRI (WBMRI), we aimed to examine the frequency and distribution of inflammatory and structural lesions in PsA @entity1 , @entity11028 @entity1 and healthy subjects (HSs), to introduce global WBMRI @entity32 /damage scores, and to assess WBMRI's reproducibility and correlation with conventional MRI (convMRI). METHODS: WBMRI (3.0-T) of @entity1 with peripheral PsA (n = 18) or axial @entity11028 (n = 18) and of @entity8682 (n = 12) was examined for proportion of evaluable features (readability) and the presence and pattern of lesions in axial and @entity1897 . Furthermore, global WBMRI scores of @entity32 and structural damage were constructed, and WBMRI findings were compared with clinical measures and convMRI ( @entity11028 / @entity8682 : spine and SI joints; PsA/ @entity8682 : hand). RESULTS: The readability (92-100%) and reproducibility (intrareader intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.62-1.0) were high in spine/SI joint, but lower in the distal @entity1897 . Wrists, shoulders, knees, ankles and @entity12437 joints were most commonly involved, with frequency of @entity603 > @entity236 ( @entity236 ) > erosion. WBMRI global @entity236 scores of peripheral and axial joints were higher in PsA {median 7 [interquartile range (IQR) 3-15]} and @entity11028 [8 (IQR 2-14)] than in HSs [2.5 (IQR 1-4.5)], both P < 0.05. WBMRI global structural damage scores (erosion, fat infiltration and @entity3947 ) were higher in @entity11028 [7 (IQR 3-12)] than HSs [1.5 (IQR 0-4.5)], P = 0.012. Correlations between WBMRI and convMRI spine and SI joint scores were    = 0.20-0.78. CONCLUSION: WBMRI allows simultaneous assessment of peripheral and axial joints in PsA and @entity11028 , and the distribution of inflammatory and structural lesions and global scores can be determined. The study strongly encourages further development and longitudinal testing of WBMRI techniques and assessment methods in PsA and @entity11028 .

title: Head-to-toe whole-body MRI in psoriatic arthritis, axial spondyloarthritis and healthy subjects: first steps towards global XXXX and damage scores of peripheral and axial joints.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3947 :: ('MESH:D000844', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosis']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral joints']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow oedema', 'BMO']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: PURPOSE: In a randomized trial, @entity1205 monotherapy yielded longer survival than the best supportive care in @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) previously treated with @entity902 -based chemotherapy, and combination chemotherapy regimens containing @entity1205 have been assessed to enhance the efficacy of second-line chemotherapy. We conducted a phase I/II trial of @entity136 and @entity1205 in @entity1 with recurrent @entity1149 after @entity902 -based chemotherapy and with an ECOG performance status (PS) of 0 or 1. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1205 administration was fixed at a dosage of 60 mg/m(2) on day 8, and @entity136 was administered on days 1 and 8. The starting dose level of @entity136 was 800 mg/m(2) (level 0), and the subsequent dose level of @entity136 was 1000 mg/m(2) (level +1). Treatment was repeated every 3 weeks. RESULTS: In the phase I study, 13 @entity1 were enrolled, and in the phase II study, 29 @entity1 were enrolled. @entity221 and omission of treatment on day 8 due to @entity1431 (leukocyte count less than 3000/mm(3)) were dose-limiting @entity137 (DLTs). Three of six @entity1 experienced DLTs at level +1, which was the maximum tolerated dose. @entity136 800 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 plus @entity1205 60 mg/m(2) on day 8 (level 0) was recommended for the phase II study. An objective response was observed in 8 (28%) of the 29 @entity1 . The median time to disease progression was 4.2 months (95% CI 0.9-7.7 months). The median survival time was 11.1 months (95% CI 9.9-12.4 months), and the 1-year survival rate was 41%. The most common @entity137 , though mild, was hematologic, and consisted of grade 4 @entity1398 (18%), grade 3 @entity1398 (11%), and grade 3 @entity882 (11%). There were no toxic deaths. Grade 3 non-hematologic @entity137 included @entity390 (4%) and @entity1910 (4%). CONCLUSIONS: The combination chemotherapy of @entity136 and @entity1205 is active and well tolerated in @entity1 with recurrent @entity1149 after @entity902 -based chemotherapy and with a good PS.

title: Combination second-line chemotherapy with XXXX and @entity1205 for recurrent @entity1149 after @entity902 -containing chemotherapy: a phase I/II trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenic fever']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel', 'Docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: The aims of this study were (1) to determine the rate of ' @entity2112 associated with @entity854 of the posterior cerebral fossa (PCF), spinal canal (SC) or central nervous system (CNS), and (2) to identify any clinical, @entity16 , radiological curve pattern or other variable which could justify magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as complementary study. Fifty-six @entity1 with juvenile and @entity1615 , were prospectively evaluated with MRI of the PCF and SC. All the @entity1 were categorized into four different groups according to neuro-anatomical abnormalities on MRI (groups A, B, C and D). Eleven @entity1 (19.6%) presented @entity854 of the PCF and SC (group A), four @entity1 (7.1%) presented pathological conditions of the CNS (group B) and three @entity1 (5.4%) presented anomalies at the osseous spine and abdomen (group C). The remaining 38 @entity1 (67.9%) presented with normal MRI results (group D). Of the @entity1 in group A, 81.8% were neurologically normal. In this group, the right and left thoracic curve patterns were seen in the same number of @entity1 (four of 11 each). Early diagnosis of @entity854 of the PCF, SC and CNS could be achieved in 26.7% of cases (groups A and B). The most significant finding was the chronological age: 36.4% of @entity1 in group A were under the age of 11 years. In addition, it would be recommended that in @entity1 with @entity1635 and a surgical indication, MRI results should be to take into consideration as a complementary preoperative evaluation because four of 15 @entity1 (26.7%) with an indication for spinal fusion and who were neurologically normal, sustained some of the conditions included in groups A and B.

title: Juvenile and adolescent idiopathic XXXX : magnetic resonance imaging evaluation and clinical indications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['adolescent scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuro-orthopedic criteria']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ["idiopathic' scoliosis"]

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['neuroanatomical abnormalities']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['scoliosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate if the first national insecticide-treated bed-net campaign in Burkina Faso, done in 2010, was followed by a decrease in childhood @entity311 in a district with high baseline transmission of the disease. METHODS: We obtained data on the prevalence of @entity3964 parasitaemia in @entity1 aged 2 weeks to 36 months from @entity311 surveys in 2009 and 2011. We assessed morbidity in @entity1 younger than 5  years by comparing data from the Nouna health district's health management information system before and after the campaign in 2010. We analysed mortality data from 2008 to 2012 from Nouna's health and demographic surveillance system. FINDINGS: The bed-net campaign was associated with an increase in the reported use of insecticide-treated nets. In 2009, 73% (630/869) of @entity1 reportedly slept under nets. In 2011, 92% (449/487) did. The campaign had no effect on the proportion of young @entity1 with @entity3964 parasitaemia after the rainy season; 52% (442/858) in 2009 and 53% (263/499) in 2011. Cases of @entity311 increased markedly after the campaign, as did the number of @entity1 presenting with other diseases. The campaign was not associated with any changes in @entity1 mortality. CONCLUSION: The 2010 insecticide-treated net campaign in Burkina Faso was not associated with a decrease in care-seeking for @entity311 or all-cause mortality in @entity1 younger than 5  years. The most likely explanation is the high coverage of nets in the study area before the campaign which could have had an effect on mosquito vectors, limiting the campaign's impact.

title: An insecticide-treated bed-net campaign and childhood XXXX in Burkina Faso.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['P. falciparum', 'Plasmodium falciparum']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity3178 ( @entity3178 ) encompasses collagenous and @entity11162 and is characterized by chronic @entity294 . In cases of @entity3178 , colonic mucosae are macroscopically normal, and diagnostic histopathological features are observed only upon microscopic examination. We designed a prospective multicenter study to determine the clinical features, pathological distribution in the colon and prevalence of @entity3178 in Korea. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled @entity1 having watery @entity294 no more than 3 times a day between March 2008 and February 2009. We obtained @entity1 histories and performed colonoscopies with random biopsies at each colon segment. RESULTS: A total of 100 @entity1 with chronic @entity294 were enrolled for a normal colonoscopy and stool exam. @entity3178 was observed in 22 @entity1 (22%) (M:F 1.2:1; mean age, 47.5 years). Of those 22 @entity1 , 18 had @entity11162 and 4 had @entity4143 . The entire colon was affected in only 3 cases (13.6%), the ascending colon in 6 cases (27.2%), the transverse colon in 3 cases (13.6%), and the left colon in 3 cases (13.6%). More than 2 segments were affected in 7 cases (31.8%). Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-associated MCs were observed in 4 cases (18.2%), 3 of which showed improved @entity294 symptoms following discontinuation of the medication. Frequently associated symptoms were @entity490 and @entity353 . @entity792 were observed in 4 cases (18.2%). Half of the 22 @entity1 with @entity3178 improved with conservative care by @entity3062 or probiotics. CONCLUSIONS: In a prospective multicenter study of Korean @entity1 with chronic @entity294 , the frequency of @entity3178 was found to be approximately 20%, similar to the percentage observed in Western countries. Therefore, the identification of @entity3178 is important for the adequate management of Korean @entity1 with chronic @entity294 .

title: Clinical Characteristics of XXXX in Korea: Prospective Multicenter Study by KASID.

entities_list: @entity11162 :: ('MESH:D046730', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic colitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity3178 :: ('MESH:D046728', 'Disease') :: ['Microscopic colitis', 'MC']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['Autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity4143 :: ('MESH:D046729', 'Disease') :: ['collagenous colitis']

entities_list: @entity3062 :: ('MESH:D008139', 'Chemical') :: ['loperamide']

answer: @entity3178 :: (MESH:D046728,Disease) :: ['Microscopic Colitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine Montreal Cognitive Assessment ( @entity15818 ) performance in @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) with "normal" global cognition according to Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score. DESIGN: A cross-sectional comparison of the @entity15818 and the MMSE. SETTING: Two @entity717 centers at the University of Pennsylvania and the Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center. @entity1 : A convenience sample of 131 @entity1 with idiopathic @entity191 who were screened for cognitive and @entity146 complications. MEASUREMENTS: Subjects were administered the @entity15818 and MMSE, and only subjects defined as having a normal age- and education-adjusted MMSE score were included in the analyses (N=100). As previously recommended in @entity1 without @entity191 , a @entity15818 score less than 26 was used to indicate the presence of at least @entity73 ( @entity73 ). RESULTS: Mean MMSE and @entity15818 scores+/-standard deviation were 28.8+/-1.1 and 24.9+/-3.1, respectively. More than half (52.0%) of subjects with normal MMSE scores had @entity73 according to their @entity15818 score. Impairments were seen in numerous cognitive domains, including memory, visuospatial and executive abilities, attention, and language. Predictors of @entity73 on the @entity15818 using univariate analyses were male sex, older age, lower educational level, and greater disease severity; older age was the only predictor in a multivariate model. CONCLUSION: Approximately half of @entity1 with @entity191 with a normal MMSE score have @entity73 based on the recommended @entity15818 cutoff score. These results suggest that @entity73 is common in @entity191 and that the @entity15818 is a more sensitive instrument than the MMSE for its detection.

title: Montreal cognitive assessment performance in @entity1 with XXXX with "normal" global cognition according to mini-mental state examination score.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'MCI', 'mild cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: In the adult frog, structural asymmetry of the left dorsal habenula in respect to the right counterpart has been repeatedly documented in previous studies. In the present investigation, histochemical expression of @entity20595 ( @entity1110 )-diaphorase activity was examined in the habenulae of the developing and adult Rana esculenta. In tadpoles and during metamorphosis, selective neuropil staining was consistently found within a lateral compartment of the medial subnucleus of the left dorsal habenula. The staining was still present in the same location, but much less intense, in the mature frog, indicating that the neurochemical pattern observed during development was at least in part transient. Thus, the present data point out a peculiar neurochemical pattern of the habenular asymmetry in the frog, suggesting that @entity842 may be involved in the developmental shaping which leads to an asymmetrical configuration of the habenulae. In addition, @entity1110 -diaphorase-positive cells were detected in the frontal organ (the extracranial component of the pineal complex in strict relationship with the habenulae in the frog), and labeled fibers were found in the frontal nerve, which arises from the frontal organ. This latter finding supports the postulated relationship of the habenular asymmetry with the occurrence of the frontal organ. The finding of @entity1110 -diaphorase histochemical reactivity confined to a distinct portion of the medial subnucleus of the left dorsal habenula prompted a reexamination of the cytoarchitecture of the developing and mature habenular complex in the frog. The bicompartmentalization detected with histochemistry in the medial subnucleus of the left dorsal habenula of the developing and adult frog was fully supported by the study of Nissl-stained epithalamic sections. These data point out that the left-right structural differences of the frog habenular complex are more complex than previously believed, and may be subserved by chemically regulated developmental processes.

title: XXXX synthase activity reveals an asymmetrical organization of the frog habenulae during development: A histochemical and cytoarchitectonic study from tadpoles to the mature Rana esculenta, with notes on the pineal complex.

entities_list: @entity20595 :: ('CHEBI:18009', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['Nitric oxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to inspect the clinical characteristics, surgical approaches, functional preservation, and complications of petrous bone @entity3540 and to propose appropriate surgical approaches based on long-term follow-up cases and previous reports in the literature. METHODS: The medical records of 31 @entity1 who underwent surgery for petrous bone @entity3540 between 1990 and 2011 at two tertiary referral hospitals were retrospectively analyzed with regard to the classification, type of surgical approach, preservation of @entity2167 , and recurrence. RESULTS: Of 31 cases, 16 were supralabyrinthine (class I), 1 was infralabyrinthine-apical (class III), 13 were massive (class IV), and 1 was apical (class V). @entity2103 was found in 35.5% of the cases (11 cases). Hearing was preserved in 11 of 22 @entity1 who had better than a 50-dB hearing level of bone conduction pure tone average preoperatively. Preoperative hearing was preserved in only four of the @entity1 in class I (supralabyrinthine). Facial function was preserved or improved in 29 @entity1 (93.5%). CONCLUSION: Complete removal of @entity3540 of petrous bone can be achieved by choosing the appropriate approach based on location and extent. Facial function was preserved postoperatively in most reviewed cases. Auditory function could not be preserved postoperatively in some cases, but preserving residual hearing levels can be accomplished mostly in supralabyrinthine @entity3540 with the appropriate surgical approach.

title: Hearing and facial function after surgical removal of XXXX involving petrous bone.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatomas', 'cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['Facial nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['facial and auditory function']

answer: @entity3540 :: (MESH:D002781,Disease) :: ['cholesteatomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the visual results of excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) to treat pediatric @entity1 with amblyopic @entity9340 in whom conventional @entity4457 treatments have failed. SETTING: Instituto Oftalmol  gico de Alicante, University of Alicante, Spain. METHODS: Six @entity1 aged 5 to 7 years with amblyopic @entity9340 were treated by PRK in the more myopic eye using a VISX Twenty-Twenty excimer laser. Minimum preoperative refraction in the amblyopic eyes ranged from -4.00 to -13.00 diopters and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), from 20/40 to 20/400. All cases completed a minimum of 2 years follow-up of antiamblyopic treatment. RESULTS: After PRK, preoperative BCVA was maintained without optical correction and complementary refraction resulted in increased BCVA in every case. One @entity1 with @entity1714 developed severe haze. There were no other significant complications. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that PRK may be an alternative for the correction of pediatric @entity9340 and an important aid in treating @entity4457 . When other therapies have failed, using PRK in @entity1 of the ages in this study must be carefully evaluated; however, our results suggest a beneficial effect.

title: Photorefractive keratectomy for pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9340 :: ('MESH:D015858', 'Disease') :: ['myopic anisometropia']

entities_list: @entity1714 :: ('MESH:D009216', 'Disease') :: ['high myopia']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

answer: @entity9340 :: (MESH:D015858,Disease) :: ['myopic anisometropia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Chronic infantile neurologic, cutaneous, articular (CINCA) syndrome, also known as @entity829 ( @entity829 ), is a dominantly @entity74 . Although heterozygous germline gain-of-function @entity5704 mutations are a known cause of this disease, conventional genetic analyses fail to detect disease-causing mutations in    40% of @entity1 . Since somatic @entity5704 mosaicism has been detected in several mutation-negative @entity829 / @entity829 @entity1 , we undertook this study to determine the precise contribution of somatic @entity5704 mosaicism to the etiology of @entity829 / @entity829 . METHODS: An international case-control study was performed to detect somatic @entity5704 mosaicism in @entity829 / @entity829 @entity1 who had shown no mutation during conventional sequencing. Subcloning and sequencing of @entity5704 was performed in these mutation-negative @entity829 / @entity829 @entity1 and their healthy relatives. Clinical features were analyzed to identify potential genotype-phenotype associations. RESULTS: Somatic @entity5704 mosaicism was identified in 18 of the 26 @entity1 (69.2%). Estimates of the level of mosaicism ranged from 4.2% to 35.8% (mean    SD 12.1    7.9%). Mosaicism was not detected in any of the 19 healthy relatives (18 of 26 @entity1 versus 0 of 19 relatives; P < 0.0001). In vitro functional assays indicated that the detected somatic @entity5704 mutations had disease-causing functional effects. No differences in @entity5704 mosaicism were detected between different cell lineages. Among nondescript clinical features, a lower incidence of @entity1032 was noted in @entity1 with somatic mosaicism. Genotype-matched comparison confirmed that @entity1 with somatic @entity5704 mosaicism presented with milder neurologic symptoms. CONCLUSION: Somatic @entity5704 mutations were identified in 69.2% of @entity1 with mutation-negative @entity829 / @entity829 . This indicates that somatic @entity5704 mosaicism is a major cause of @entity829 / @entity829 .

title: High incidence of XXXX somatic mosaicism in @entity1 with chronic infantile neurologic, cutaneous, articular syndrome: results of an International Multicenter Collaborative Study.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited systemic autoinflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity829 :: ('MESH:D056587', 'Disease') :: ['CINCA syndrome', 'NOMID', 'neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease']

answer: @entity5704 :: (114548,Gene) :: ['NLRP3']


abstract: PURPOSE: Parameters to predict outcome and the urodynamic effects during infusion of @entity2951 , seem not to have been assessed in @entity1 with chronic @entity1566 . We monitored bladder activity urodynamically during infusion of high dosage of @entity2951 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty @entity1 , 18 @entity1 and 12 @entity1 (average age 29 years, range 20-59 years), suffering from chronic spinal @entity602 , who presented a refractory @entity427 , were studied. They received saline solution containing 10(-3) M @entity2951 at a flow rate of 2 ml @entity1009 ) for 15 min (total volume 30 c.c.). The detrusor activity was monitored by a real-time cystometrogram during infusion and 15 min after the end of the infusion itself. New filling cystometrograms were recorded after 30 days and after 6 months. RESULTS: We obtained a clinical and significant urodynamic improvement in 15 of the 30 @entity1 (50%), confirming that intravesical @entity2951 may represent a therapeutic option for a selected group of @entity1 suffering from refractory @entity4681 . Best results were observed in @entity1 who showed, during the infusion of @entity2951 , early @entity1494 which disappeared within 10-12 min from the beginning of the infusion (desensitisation). The @entity1 of this group presented a significant increase of mean cystomanometric capacity after 6 months (from 190.7 to 396.7 ml). No significant clinical or urodynamic improvement was observed in the group of @entity1 in whom uninhibited activity of detrusor was recorded for all the time of infusion. CONCLUSION: Our results support the idea of a major complexity of spinal reflex in paraplegic @entity1 and may offer a clue to explain the failure of therapy with @entity2951 . The present results support a new approach in the treatment of @entity427 . The ideal dosage and treatment interval are not at present established and further studies are needed to explain substantial differences in the outcome according to different urodynamic responses.

title: Urodynamic assessment during intravesical infusion of @entity2951 for the treatment of refractory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['uninhibited bladder contractions']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['detrusor hyperreflexia due to chronic spinal upper motor neuron lesion']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['cord injury']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['detrusor hyperreflexia']

answer: @entity427 :: (MESH:D012021,Disease) :: ['detrusor hyperreflexia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Rotational injuries are the most common and usually classified as per the Lauge Hansen classification; with the most common subgroup being the supination external rotation (SER) mechanism. Isolated @entity174 of the distal fibula ( @entity11632 ) without associated @entity130 are usually treated with a splint or brace and the @entity1 may be allowed to weight bear as tolerated. This study reports the functional outcomes following a stable, low energy, rotational @entity1171 supination external rotation ( @entity13060 ) when compared to unstable SER4 @entity174 treated operatively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 64 @entity1 who were diagnosed and treated nonoperatively for a stable @entity13060 @entity1171 were followed prospectively. In the comparison group, 93 operatively treated fibular @entity174 were extracted from a prospectively collected database and evaluated comparison. Baseline characteristics obtained by trained interviewers at the time of injury included: @entity1 demographics, short form-36, short musculoskeletal functional assessment (SMFA) and American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) questionnaires. @entity1 were followed at 3, 6 and 12 months postsurgery. Additional information obtained at each followup point included any complications or evidence on @entity174 healing. Data were analyzed by the Student's t-test and theFisher's Exact Test to compare demographic and functional outcomes between the two cohorts. P < 0.05 was considered to be significant. RESULTS: The average of @entity1 ' age in the stable @entity174 cohort was 43 versus 45 in the SER4 group. Nearly 64% of the @entity1 population was female when compared with 37% in the operative group. In the @entity13060 by 6 months all @entity1 had returned to baseline functional status. There were 18 delayed unions (all healed by 6 months). Based on the functional outcome scores all @entity1 had returned to preoperative level. In comparison, SE4 @entity1 had less functional recovery at 3 and 6 months (P < 0.05) based on the SMFA scores and at 3, 6 and 12 months based on the AOFAS (P < 0.001) scores. There was no difference in pain levels between the two groups at all time points. There were three nonunions in the SE4 group and six delayed unions. CONCLUSIONS: An @entity13060 @entity1171 is a relatively benign @entity99 resolving by 3 months while the need for surgical fixation in SER @entity1171 appears to affect lower extremity function to a greater degree for a longer time period. @entity1 should be counseled as to these expected outcomes.

title: Supination external rotation XXXX : A simpler pattern with better outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fracture', 'ankle fractures']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['injury with functional limitations']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ligamentous injury']

answer: @entity1171 :: (MESH:D064386,Disease) :: ['ankle fractures']


abstract: Overexpression of @entity2247 and enhanced synthesis of @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) have been implicated in @entity1 endometrial pathologies. To investigate the molecular role of @entity2247 , the Ishikawa @entity1 endometrial epithelial cell line was stably transfected with the pIRES2 vector containing @entity2247 cDNA in either the sense or antisense directions. @entity1421 concentrations were significantly elevated in the cells transfected with the @entity2247 sense compared with wild-type cells or cells transfected with the antisense cDNA (P < 0.01). Elevated @entity1421 synthesis was associated with enhanced expression and signaling of @entity1421 receptors (EP). cDNA array analysis revealed differential expression of @entity10815 between the @entity2247 sense and antisense cells. @entity10815 RNA and protein expression was 6.7- and 2.1-fold lower in the @entity2247 sense compared with @entity2247 antisense cells respectively. @entity10815 is known to cleave plasminogen to the potent antiangiogenic factor @entity26557 . To investigate differential @entity26557 generation, conditioned media from @entity2247 sense, @entity2247 antisense and wild-type cells were incubated with plasminogen and subsequently subjected to Western blot analysis. In comparison to wild-type cells, the cleavage of plasminogen to @entity26557 was abolished when incubated in @entity2247 sense cells conditioned media and elevated when incubated in @entity2247 antisense cells conditioned media. Coincubation of plasminogen with the @entity10815 inhibitor @entity14622 inhibited the cleavage of plasminogen to @entity26557 in the @entity2247 antisense conditioned media. These data demonstrate that @entity2247 exerts a negative feedback on the expression of @entity10815 . This in turn reduces the generation of the antiangiogenic factor @entity26557 , hence promoting a proangiogenic environment.

title: Cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression inhibits XXXX -mediated cleavage of plasminogen to the potent antiangiogenic factor @entity26557 .

entities_list: @entity10815 :: ('1509', 'Gene') :: ['cathepsin D', 'Cathepsin D']

entities_list: @entity14622 :: ('MESH:C031375', 'Chemical') :: ['pepstatin A']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity26557 :: ('MESH:D043168', 'Chemical') :: ['angiostatin']

answer: @entity10815 :: (1509,Gene) :: ['cathepsin D']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The influence of bile reflux in the development of @entity420 remains controversial. This was tested in a cohort of @entity1 who had undergone gastrectomy, a procedure often entailed by substantial bile reflux. METHODS: A population-based cohort study of @entity1 who had undergone gastrectomy for peptic @entity1066 in 1964-2008 in Sweden. Follow-up for @entity5 and censoring for death were achieved through linkages to nationwide registries of @entity5 and Population, respectively. The number of observed @entity5 cases in the gastrectomy cohort was divided by the expected number, calculated from the incidence of the entire Swedish population of corresponding age, sex and calendar year. Relative risks were thus presented as standardised incidence ratios with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: After exclusion of all @entity1 -years the first year after surgery, the final gastrectomy cohort comprised of 19,767 @entity1 . These @entity1 were followed up for a median of 17 years, and contributed with a total of 348,231 @entity1 -years at risk. The observed number of @entity1 with @entity420 (n=7) was not higher than the expected (n=11.6), providing a standardised incidence ratio of 0.6 (95%CI 0.2-1.2). There were no clear differences between sexes, age groups or latency intervals after gastrectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Gastrectomy for peptic @entity1066 does not appear to increase the risk of @entity420 .

title: The risk of @entity420 after gastrectomy for peptic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer disease']


abstract: RATIONALE: Computed tomographic (CT) radiography is the reference standard for imaging @entity3069 complex (MAC) @entity358 . Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been shown to be comparable to CT for characterizing other pulmonary inflammatory conditions, but has not been rigorously tested for imaging MAC @entity55 . OBJECTIVES: To determine the feasibility of pulmonary MRI for imaging MAC @entity55 and to assess the degree of agreement between MRI and CT for assessing the anatomic features and lobar extent of MAC lung infections. METHODS: Twenty-five subjects with culture-confirmed MAC @entity55 and no identified coinfecting organisms were evaluated by thoracic MRI and then by chest CT imaging performed up to 1 week later. After deidentification, first the MRI and then the CT scans were scored 2 weeks apart by two chest radiologists working independently of one another. Discrepancies were resolved by a third chest radiologist. The scans were scored for @entity4595 , consolidation or @entity891 , @entity733 , nodules, and mucus plugging using a three-point lobar scale (absent, <50% of lobe, and >50% of lobe). Agreement analyses and ordinary least products regressions were performed. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A fixed bias was found between total CT and MRI scores, with CT scoring higher on average (median difference: 4 on a scale of 48; interquartile range: 3, 6). Fixed biases were found for @entity4595 and consolidation or @entity891 subscale scores. Both fixed and proportional biases were found between CT and MRI mucus plugging scores. No bias was found between CT and MRI nodule scores. There was nearly perfect lobar percent agreement for more conspicuous findings such as consolidation or @entity891 and @entity733 . CONCLUSIONS: In this exploratory study of 25 adult @entity1 with culture-proven MAC @entity358 , we found moderate agreement between MRI and CT for assessing the anatomic features and lobar extent of disease. Given the feasibility of chest MRI for this condition, future work is warranted to assess the clinical impact of MRI compared with CT in assessing progression of untreated MAC infection and response to treatment over time.

title: Proton Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Initial Assessment of Isolated XXXX Complex @entity55 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung infection']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium avium']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscess or sacculation']

answer: @entity3069 :: (1764,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium avium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The radiochemotherapy regimen concomitantly employing @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT) 4 weeks after surgery, followed by 6 cycles of @entity2904 is a common treatment for @entity463 ( @entity463 ). However, its median overall survival (OS) is only 14.6 months. This study was to explore the effectiveness and safety of early @entity2904 chemotherapy between surgery and chemoradiotherapy plus the standard concomitant radiochemotherapy regimen. METHODS: A randomized, parallel group, open-label study of 99 newly diagnosed @entity463 @entity1 was conducted at 10 independent Chinese neurosurgical departments from June 2008 to June 2012. @entity1 were treated with concomitant radiochemotherapy regimen plus early postsurgical @entity2903 (early @entity2904 group) or standard concomitant radiochemotherapy regimen (control group). Overall response was assessed based on objective @entity5 assessments, administration of corticosteroid and neurological status test. Hematological, biochemical, laboratory, adverse event (AE), and @entity16 were measured for 24 months of follow-up. The primary efficacy endpoint of this study was overall survival (OS). The secondary endpoint was progression free survival (PFS). RESULTS: The median OS time in the early @entity2904 group was 17.6 months, compared with 13.2 months in the control group (log-rank test P = 0.021). In addition, the OS rate in the early @entity2904 group was higher at 6, 12, and 18 months than in the control group, respectively (P < 0.05). The median PFS time was 8.7 months in the early @entity2904 group and 10.4 months in the control group (log-rank test P = 0.695). AEs occurred in 29 (55.8%) and 31(73.8%) @entity1 respectively in early and control groups, including @entity390 (15.4% vs. 33.3%), @entity391 (7.7% vs. 28.6%), fever (7.7% vs. 11.9%), and @entity10 (3.8% vs. 23.8%). Only 30.8% and 33.3% were drug-related, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Addition of @entity2904 chemotherapy in the early break of the standard concomitant radiochemotherapy regimen was well tolerated and significantly improved the OS of the @entity463 @entity1 , compared with standard concomitant radiochemotherapy regimen. However, a larger randomized trial is warranted to verify these results.

title: Does Early Postsurgical XXXX Plus Concomitant Radiochemotherapy Regimen Have Any Benefit in Newly-diagnosed @entity463 @entity1 ? A Multi-center, Randomized, Parallel, Open-label, Phase II Clinical Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological condition']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity2903 :: (MESH:C047246,Chemical) :: ['Temozolomide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1499 and @entity205 are well-known systemic therapies for moderate-to-severe chronic @entity1569 . We conducted a randomized, controlled trial comparing @entity1499 and @entity205 in terms of effectiveness, side effects, and the quality of life. METHODS: A total of 88 @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity1569 were randomly assigned to treatment for 16 weeks with either @entity1499 (44 @entity1 ; initial dose, 15 mg per week) or @entity205 (44 @entity1 ; initial dose, 3 mg per kilogram of body weight per day) and were followed for another 36 weeks. The primary outcome was the difference between groups in the @entity1569 area-and-severity index after 16 weeks of treatment, after adjustment for base-line values; scores were determined in a blinded fashion by trained observers. RESULTS: Two @entity1 were excluded from the analysis after randomization because they were found to be ineligible, and one @entity1 withdrew his consent. Twelve @entity1 in the @entity1499 group had to discontinue treatment because of reversible elevations in liver-enzyme levels, and 1 @entity1 in the @entity205 group had to do so because of an elevation in the @entity648 level, but all 13 were included in the analysis. After 16 weeks of treatment, the mean (+/-SE) score for the @entity1569 area-and-severity index decreased from 13.4+/-3.6 at base line to 5.0+/-0.7 among 43 @entity1 treated with @entity1499 , whereas the score decreased from 14.0+/-6.6 to 3.8+/-0.5 among 42 @entity1 treated with @entity205 . After adjustment for base-line values, the mean absolute difference in values at 16 weeks was 1.3 (95 percent confidence interval, -0.2 to 2.8; P=0.09). The physician's global assessment of the extent of @entity1569 , the time to and the rates of remission, and the quality of life were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: No significant differences in efficacy were found between @entity1499 and @entity205 for the treatment of moderate-to-severe @entity1569 .

title: @entity1499 versus @entity205 in moderate-to-severe chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis', 'plaque psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate', 'methotrexate']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['plaque psoriasis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Groin @entity158 following a transobturator (TO) midurethral sling is not uncommon and can be difficult to manage. We sought to determine if decreasing the mesh burden in the groin would decrease @entity158 . The primary objective was to compare the incidence of post-operative @entity158 following placement of full-length TVT-Obturator versus the shorter TVT-Abbrevo. Secondarily, we aimed to compare the efficacy between both devices 6  months after surgery. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of all @entity1 who underwent a TO midurethral sling by the division of urogynecology at one institution between 1 January 2007 and 31 October 2013. Charts were reviewed and the incidence of post-operative @entity158 in the two groups dichotomized as present or absent and compared using a Chi-squared test. Validated questionnaire scores of the groups were compared using t tests. RESULTS: There were 125 @entity1 who received a TVT-Obturator and 100 @entity1 who received a TVT-Abbrevo. No differences in demographic data were present between the groups. Twelve @entity1 (9.6  %) in the TVT-Obturator group and 1 @entity1 (1  %) in the TVT-Abbrevo group experienced bothersome @entity158 (P value   =   0.007). The complete pre- and 6-month post-operative ISI, UDI-6 and PFIQ-7 scores were available for 76 (61  %), 47 (38  %), and 45 (36  %) @entity1 following TVT-Obturator and 57 (57  %), 30 (30  %), and 28 (28  %) following TVT-Abbrevo treatment. At 6  months the mean improvement in questionnaire scores for the TVT-Obturator and TVT-Abbrevo groups were as follows: 5.0 and 5.1 for ISI (P value   =   0.9), 8.3 and 7.9 for UDI-6 (P value   =   0.8), and 4.8 and 6.1 for PFIQ-7 (P value   =   0.4). CONCLUSION: Use of TVT-Abbrevo reduces post-operative @entity158 compared with the full-length TVT-Obturator, without any reduction in efficacy.

title: Decreasing transobturator sling XXXX without decreasing efficacy using TVT-Abbrevo.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'groin pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['groin pain']


abstract: Eccentric contractions, where the active muscle is stretched, can lead to @entity121 . One of the signs of damage is a rise in the whole-muscle passive @entity2701 . Here we have asked, how many eccentric contractions are necessary to produce a measurable rise in passive @entity2701 and can this be detected by the muscle's @entity2701 sensors, the tendon organs? Responses of tendon organs of the medial gastrocnemius muscle of the anaesthetised cat were recorded during and after a series of eccentric contractions. The contractions were arranged so that the length change to which the muscle was subjected lay symmetrically about the optimum length for active @entity2701 . Tendon organ responses were measured as a mean rate, calculated over a 1-mm length change during a slow stretch of the muscle. Progressive increases in passive @entity2701 and tendon organ response were measured after each of a series of 1-100 eccentric contractions of the whole muscle, bundles of motor units and single motor units. One to two eccentric contractions of a single motor unit were sufficient to produce measurable rises in passive @entity2701 and tendon organ response. After a series of eccentric contractions had been completed, passive @entity2701 and tendon organ response were seen to continue rising with similar time-courses over the next 50 min. Both @entity2701 and afferent response could be reduced by large passive stretches. There was also a large increase in the responses of tendon organs to combined stretch and vibration at 100 Hz after the eccentric contractions. All of this indicates that tendon organs are able to monitor the passive @entity2701 changes in the muscle, thought to result from @entity121 produced by the eccentric contractions. The findings are relevant to known changes in proprioception and motor control after eccentric exercise.

title: Tendon organs as monitors of XXXX from eccentric contractions.

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle damage']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['muscle damage']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the natural history of @entity77 pellets implanted during @entity174 surgery. The study group consisted of @entity1 sustaining an @entity174 with intraarticular comminution or marginal impaction or both in whom @entity77 pellets were implanted in lieu of autologous bone graft. Between 1997 and 1999, 32 @entity174 were treated. Followup adequate to delineate pellet outcome, including radiographs and computed tomography, was obtained in 31 @entity1 . Evaluation of plain radiographs showed that the @entity77 pellets became undifferentiated from the surrounding bone at an average of 7 weeks postoperatively. In no case was a residual bony deficit seen. Computed tomography analysis showed that in 22 @entity1 , the pellets essentially had been (> 90%) replaced by bone and in four @entity1 , the majority (> 50%-90%) of the pellets had been replaced by bone. However, in five @entity1 , less than 50% of the pellets had been replaced by bone, including one showing no bony replacement. The common finding in @entity1 with an extensive residual deficit was direct communication of the pellets with the joint space shown on the postoperative computed tomography scan. @entity1 with the best results had complete containment of the pellets within bone. Therefore, it seems that implanted @entity77 pellets in contact with joint synovial fluid are at risk for resorption without significant bony response. If @entity77 pellets are to be implanted in a periarticular location, complete bony containment is desirable. Evaluation of the periacetabular bony response requires computed tomography scans, as plain radiographs are inadequate for this purpose.

title: XXXX used as bone graft substitute in @entity174 fixation.

entities_list: @entity77 :: ('MESH:D002133', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'acetabular fracture']

answer: @entity77 :: (MESH:D002133,Chemical) :: ['Calcium sulfate']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: @entity174 in @entity1 most often occur as a consequence of traffic accidents, during play and sport activities, and due to different pathological states. Diagnosis is rather simple and it includes physical and radiographical examination. @entity174 treatment in @entity1 can be operative and unoperative, depending on several facts: age, localisation and type of @entity174 , @entity130 of soft tissues, the presence of other injuries (in polytrauma), economical and social aspects, ect. The aim of this study was to present epidemiological characteristics of @entity174 , that is in the stage of development, including a special analysis of the used treatment techniques, as well as the comparison of the obtained data with those from the literature. METHODS: The evaluation included following parameters: age, gender, cause, localisation and type of femur @entity174 , applied treatment and hospitalisation duration. RESULTS: Among the presented 143 @entity1 with femur @entity174 , 109 were @entity1 and 34 were @entity1 (3.2:1 ratio; p = 0.0001). Average age for both genders was 8.6 years, and no difference between @entity1 and @entity1 were found for the age (p = 0.758). In total, the most common @entity174 was diaphyseal @entity174 of femur in 93 (65.03%) @entity1 . The second was proximal @entity174 in 30 (20.98%) @entity1 , and the last distal @entity174 of the femur in 20 (13.99%) @entity1 (p = 0.0001). Three main causes of femur @entity174 can be distinguished: during play and sport activities in 67 (46.8%) @entity1 , in traffic accidents in 64 (44.8%) @entity1 , and pathological @entity174 in 12 (8.4%) @entity1 . Inoperative treatment was applied in 82 (57.3%) @entity1 , and operative one in 61 (42.7%) @entity1 . The most common treatment was traction, in 71 (49.6%) @entity1 , followed by immobilization by hip spica cast mostly in young @entity1 . Intramedullar elastic nailing was applied in 16 (11.2%) cases, and intra-medullar rigid nailing (K  ntscher) in 19 (13.3%) cases. Significantly longer hospitalization period was detected after traction (21 days) comparing to other ways of treatment, mainly operative or hip spica cast (5 to 10 days). CONCLUSION: In young @entity1 the standard treatment was hip spica cast after traction. Intramedullar elastic nailing is a modern trend accepted as standard in our approach to femur @entity174 treatment in @entity1 .

title: [Pediatric femur XXXX , epidemiology and treatment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'boys', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['joint injuries']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Femur fractures', 'fracture', 'pediatric femur fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Screenings, introduced in the 1920s, became rapidly popular in healthcare settings. Chance is an intrinsic screening characteristic. Roughly one half of screened subjects are correctly classified merely by chance, and in high-prevalence settings, even inaccurate screenings detect several diseased individuals by chance, thus appearing effective. The viewpoint is another variable affecting screening perceived effectiveness. For example, @entity283 , who seek for mortality rate reductions, look for high sensitivity, which, in turn, is affected by disease prevalence. The relative mortality rate reduction attributable to screening may therefore be significant in high-prevalence areas and irrelevant in low-prevalence areas. This explains why @entity5 visual screening is perceived effective in high-prevalence countries and ineffective in low-prevalence countries. @entity1 seek for reliable outcomes. Therefore, they require screenings with high positive (PV+) and negative (PV-) predictive values. In high-prevalence areas, PV+ is high, while PV- is low. The reverse occurs in low-prevalence areas. Thus, even for accurate screenings, the perceived effectiveness due to misclassification is low among false-negative @entity1 in high-prevalence areas, who are misclassified as unaffected by the disease, and among false-positive @entity1 in low-prevalence areas, who are subjected to psychophysical sufferings. This article explains the reasons for these and other paradoxes engendered by screening.

title: XXXX screening usefulness: between true and  perceived effectiveness.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oral cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['public health officers']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Oral cancer']