abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity23454 ( @entity23454 ) is a rare condition with a poor outcome. A nationwide survey was conducted to identify the clinical features and outcomes of @entity23454 in Japan. METHODS: Data were collected via a questionnaire, which was sent to 353 pediatric/pediatric surgical departments in Japan. RESULTS: Of the 28 @entity1 registered as having a certain diagnosis of @entity23454 , 19 (male/female, 3/16) @entity1 were analyzed. All of the @entity1 developed functional @entity1744 in the neonatal period and showed a distended bladder and microcolon in the radiological examination. A histopathology assessment of the full-thickness of intestinal specimens showed no pathological abnormalities in all @entity1 . Although various medications were given, the @entity1 did not show significant improvement. Drainage stomas were created in the jejunum (n=11) and colon (n=5). Sixteen @entity1 were maintained by @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ). Nine @entity1 died of sepsis or @entity1578 . The five- and ten-year survival rates were 63% and 57%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity23454 @entity1 developed severe functional @entity1321 in the neonatal period and had no specific therapeutic intervention. The majority of @entity23454 @entity1 required long-term @entity3147 . Small bowel or multivisceral transplantation may be necessary to improve the outcome of this condition.

title: XXXX : A report of a nationwide survey in Japan.

entities_list: @entity23454 :: ('MESH:C536138', 'Disease') :: ['Megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome', 'MMIHS']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['parenteral nutrition', 'PN']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity23454 :: (MESH:C536138,Disease) :: ['Megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome']


abstract: CONTEXT: The current standard for diagnosing @entity263 in @entity1 at risk relies on a transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy test that is blind to the location of the @entity5 . To increase the accuracy of this diagnostic pathway, a software-based magnetic resonance imaging-ultrasound (MRI-US) fusion targeted biopsy approach has been proposed. OBJECTIVE: Our main objective was to compare the detection rate of clinically significant @entity263 with software-based MRI-US fusion targeted biopsy against standard biopsy. The two strategies were also compared in terms of detection of all @entity5 , sampling utility and efficiency, and rate of serious adverse events. The outcomes of different targeted approaches were also compared. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: We performed a systematic review of PubMed/Medline, Embase (via Ovid), and Cochrane Review databases in December 2013 following the Preferred Reported Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analysis statement. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Fourteen papers reporting the outcomes of 15 studies (n=2293; range: 13-582) were included. We found that MRI-US fusion targeted biopsies detect more clinically significant @entity5 (median: 33.3% vs 23.6%; range: 13.2-50% vs 4.8-52%) using fewer cores (median: 9.2 vs 37.1) compared with standard biopsy techniques, respectively. Some studies showed a lower detection rate of all @entity5 (median: 50.5% vs 43.4%; range: 23.7-82.1% vs 14.3-59%). MRI-US fusion targeted biopsy was able to detect some clinically significant @entity5 that would have been missed by using only standard biopsy (median: 9.1%; range: 5-16.2%). It was not possible to determine which of the two biopsy approaches led most to serious adverse events because standard and targeted biopsies were performed in the same session. Software-based MRI-US fusion targeted biopsy detected more clinically significant disease than visual targeted biopsy in the only study reporting on this outcome (20.3% vs 15.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Software-based MRI-US fusion targeted biopsy seems to detect more clinically significant @entity5 deploying fewer cores than standard biopsy. Because there was significant study heterogeneity in @entity1 inclusion, definition of significant @entity5 , and the protocol used to conduct the standard biopsy, these findings need to be confirmed by further large multicentre validating studies. @entity1 SUMMARY: We compared the ability of standard biopsy to diagnose @entity263 against a novel approach using software to overlay the images from magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound to guide biopsies towards the suspicious areas of the prostate. We found consistent findings showing the superiority of this novel targeted approach, although further high-quality evidence is needed to change current practice.

title: Detection of Clinically Significant XXXX Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Ultrasound Fusion Targeted Biopsy: A Systematic Review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'PATIENT', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Angiogenesis inhibitors have emerged as an effective targeted therapy in the treatment of @entity1 with many @entity5 . One of the most widely used angiogenesis inhibitors is bevacizumab, a neutralizing antibody against @entity7 . The overall risk of @entity644 and @entity101 in @entity1 with @entity5 on bevacizumab therapy is unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of published clinical trials of bevacizumab to quantify the risk of @entity644 and @entity101 . METHODS: The databases MEDLINE (OVID, 1966 to June 2006) and Web of Science and abstracts presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology annual meetings from 2004 through 2006 were searched to identify relevant studies. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials of @entity1 with @entity5 treated with bevacizumab that described the incidence of @entity644 and @entity101 . Relative risk (RR) was calculated by using the fixed-effects model. RESULTS: A total of 1,850 @entity1 were included in the 7 trials identified from the literature. Bevacizumab was associated with a significant increased risk of @entity644 (RR, 1.4 with low-dose bevacizumab; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 1.7; RR, 2.2 with high dose; 95% CI, 1.6 to 2.9). @entity101 also was increased significantly among @entity1 receiving bevacizumab (RR, 3.0 for low dose; 95% CI, 2.2 to 4.2; RR, 7.5 for high dose; 95% CI, 4.2 to 13.4). CONCLUSION: There was a significant dose-dependent increase in risk of @entity644 and @entity101 in @entity1 with @entity5 who received bevacizumab.

title: Risks of @entity644 and @entity101 with bevacizumab, an antibody against XXXX : systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of symmetric recession surgery on all four horizontal rectus muscles in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity16391 and sensory @entity346 secondary to @entity4068 , dyschromatopsia and @entity18061 . METHODS: Prospectively, four @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity16391 and eight @entity1 with sensory @entity346 were operated on. The amount of recession was determined according to the ocular alignment of the @entity1 . Electronystagmographic recordings were conducted in every @entity1 pre-operatively and post-operatively, as well as an ophthalmological examination. RESULTS: Mean age of the @entity1 at the time of the first visit was 6.7 +/- 4.2 years (range 9 months to 14 years) and mean age at the time of operation was 8.3 +/- 2.7 years (range 6-14 years). In 8 cases an equal amount of weakening of the four horizontal recti was done, whereas in 2 cases more recession on the lateral recti due to @entity5770 and in 2 cases more recession on the medial recti due to @entity5971 was performed. Mean follow-up time was 15.8 months (min. 6 months, max. 28 months). Improvement in visual function was achieved in 7 @entity1 . Amplitude decreased in 9 @entity1 . One @entity1 had a @entity227 due to progression of her primary @entity1020 . Improvement in head posture was seen in 3 @entity1 and there was no change in the head posture in 2 @entity1 . One @entity1 acquired head posture after surgery. Restriction of motility was seen in none of the @entity1 after surgery in spite of large amounts of recession. Recession of horizontal recti @entity346 and frequency in 81.8% of @entity1 . Improvement in visual function, measured as an increase in visual acuity in terms of Snellen lines, was achieved in 63.6% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Symmetric recession of the horizontal rectus muscles is shown to be a successful procedure to perform in @entity346 @entity1 , resulting in an increase in visual acuity and a @entity346 and frequency. It is a reliable alternative to the Kestenbaum operation and is easier to perform surgically.

title: Surgical treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in visual acuity']

entities_list: @entity5770 :: ('MESH:D005099', 'Disease') :: ['exotropia']

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['esotropia']

entities_list: @entity16391 :: ('MESH:C580539', 'Disease') :: ['congenital motor nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity18061 :: ('MESH:D047728', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative myopia']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['decreased nystagmus amplitude', 'decrease in nystagmus amplitude', 'nystagmus']

answer: @entity346 :: (MESH:D009759,Disease) :: ['nystagmus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical resection and adjuvant radiation therapy are standard therapy for soft tissue @entity242 . When the @entity5 approximates bone, periosteal excision may be necessary. It was hypothesized that periosteal stripping and radiation therapy would increase the rate of pathologic @entity174 . METHODS: The soft tissue @entity242 data base at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center was used to identify a consecutive series of 205 @entity1 who were treated over a 15-year period (1982-1997). All @entity1 had a soft tissue @entity242 of the thigh, which was managed by limb-sparing surgery and radiation therapy. @entity1 who had bone invasion by @entity5 or bone resection were not included. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 , including eight @entity1 and one @entity1 , developed a @entity3330 in an area of previous radiation and surgery. All nine @entity1 had undergone periosteal excision. The risk of @entity174 , by Kaplan-Meier survivorship, was 29% at 5 years if the resection included periosteum (P < 0.0001). Cox multiple regression analysis showed that periosteal excision was the only independent prognostic factor for the entire set of 205 @entity1 at risk. However, for the subset of 54 @entity1 who had periosteal stripping, two factors were also found to be prognostically important: female gender (P=0.022) and chemotherapy (P=0.020). The risk of @entity174 was 47% and 45%, respectively. The treatment of the @entity174 was difficult. There were four nonunions and three delayed unions. CONCLUSIONS: Periosteal stripping and radiation therapy places the femur at high risk of pathologic @entity174 , especially for female @entity1 and @entity1 undergoing chemotherapy. When practical, the combination of periosteal stripping and radiation should be avoided.

title: Pathologic @entity3330 after periosteal excision and radiation for the treatment of soft tissue XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral fracture']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: The @entity1 tissue kallikrein family (KLK for protein; KLK for gene) includes 15 members. Twelve kallikreins, including @entity22546 , are concurrently upregulated in @entity43 . However, the mechanism of this phenomenon remains unclear. In this study, we measured @entity22546 expression in a large series of ovarian tissue cytosols and examined possible mechanisms of @entity22546 up-regulation in @entity43 . Using a newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with two monoclonal antibodies, we quantified @entity22546 expression in ovarian tissue cytosols, and confirmed the upregulation of @entity22546 in @entity43 and its unfavourable prognostic value. We then examined @entity22546 mRNA expression using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and established its good concordance with @entity22546 protein expression. This finding suggested that the @entity22546 gene is under transcriptional regulation. We then scrutinised a few mechanisms that could explain @entity22546 upregulation. The relative abundance of two @entity22546 mRNA transcripts was studied; we found the same differential expression pattern in all samples, regardless of @entity22546 levels. Genomic mutation screening of all exons and the 5'-flanking region of the @entity22546 gene identified two linked single- @entity377 polymorphisms in the 5'-untranslated region, but neither correlated with @entity22546 expression. Ovarian cell lines were separately treated with five @entity134 hormones. None of the treatments produced significant effects on @entity22546 expression. We conclude that @entity22546 is transcriptionally upregulated in @entity43 , but probably not through alternative mRNA transcript expression, genomic mutation, or @entity134 hormone induction.

title: Transcriptional upregulation of XXXX tissue kallikrein 6 in @entity43 : clinical and mechanistic aspects.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We set out to assess the dynamics of @entity989 after acute @entity7995 ( @entity7995 ) and their association with clinical visual outcomes. METHODS: Thirty-one consecutive @entity1 with acute @entity7995 were prospectively analyzed over a 6-month follow-up period. Each month, we used optical coherence tomography (OCT) to assess the thickness of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and segmented macular layers, as well as high-contrast visual acuity, low-contrast visual acuity (LCVA), @entity227 ( @entity227 ), and @entity227 ( @entity227 ). RESULTS: In this prospective study, we found that 6 months after clinical onset, @entity735 suffered a reduction in pRNFL (-45.3  m) and macular thickness (-17.3  m). @entity194 was due to the decrease of macular RNFL thickness (-7.8  m) and that of the ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer ( @entity24170 , -11.3  m), whereas the thickness of the outer retinal layers increased slightly. The macular RNFL and @entity24170 thickness decreased in parallel, yet it always occurred more rapidly and more severely for the @entity24170 . The change in the @entity24170 thickness in the first month predicted the @entity227 by month 6; a decrease   >=    of 4.5  m predicted poor LCVA (sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 88%), and a decrease of   >=    7  m predicted poor @entity227 and @entity227 (sensitivity of 78% and 100% and specificity of 63% and 66%, respectively). INTERPRETATION: Retinal axonal and @entity528 develops quickly after @entity7995 onset. Assessment of ganglion cell layer thickness by OCT after @entity7995 onset can be used as an imaging marker of persistent @entity227 . Ann Neurol 2015.

title: Dynamics of @entity989 after acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual fields', 'visual disability', 'CVA', 'VF', 'visual impairment', 'color visual acuity']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis', 'ON']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['Macular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal injury']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damage']

answer: @entity7995 :: (MESH:D009902,Disease) :: ['optic neuritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of applying lung autotransplantation technique in the treatment of @entity2 of the @entity1315 . METHODS: Two @entity1 underwent @entity14485 upper and middle bilobectomy. Because the length of resected bronchus or pulmonary artery involved by @entity5 was too long to perform tension-free @entity254 , we had to transplant the lower lobar vein into the proximal stump of the upper lobar vein. Another two @entity1 underwent pneumonectomy firstly, because we could not perform sleeve lobectomy in suit as the @entity5 extended through the oblique fissure to the margin of the lower lobe. Subsequently, we resected the @entity5 parts at a separate table, and replanted the preservable part of the lung into the chest. RESULTS: Being followed up to December 1999, the @entity1 1, 3 and 4 had been alive with @entity5 free for 31, 18 and 13 months. The @entity1 1 and 3 had a good living quality but the @entity1 4 had a very poor activity. The @entity1 4 received resection of the replanted lung for pulmonary artery bronchus @entity456 on the 42nd day after operation. The second @entity1 died of tension pneumothorax associated with @entity292 on the 19th day after operation. CONCLUSION: Lung autotransplantation is an alternative technique for pulmonary preservation in @entity1 with @entity5 of the @entity1315 whose cardiopulmonary function is too poor to undergo pneumonectomy.

title: Lung autotransplantation technique for treating @entity2 of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage III central lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['central lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity14485 :: ('MESH:D005671', 'Disease') :: ['double-sleeve right']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['upper lobe']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopleural fistula']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural fistula']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['upper lobe']


abstract: @entity2828 is defined by the expression of ews/ets fusion genes. The type of the fusion transcript impacts on the clinical biology. @entity2828 requires risk adapted treatment. A risk-adapted treatment is determined by @entity5 localisation, @entity5 stage and volume. For metastatic and relapsed disease the pattern of spread and the time of relapse are the determinants of risk stratification. Staging of @entity2828 has been considerably improved by magnetic resonance imaging and modern isotope scanning techniques. However, the determination of the extent of the metastatic spread in particular number of involved bones remains an unresolved issue. The prognosis for high-risk @entity2828 has been improved by multimodal and high-dose radio/chemotherapy (HDC). The concepts for high-dose therapy in @entity2828 are based on dose response and dose intensity relationships. In single agent HDC most experience exists with Melphalan. Several chemotherapeutic agents have been used in combination HDC with or without @entity131 such as @entity632 , @entity3600 , Busulphan, @entity3003 , @entity786 , @entity2879 , @entity3601 , Thiotepa Procarbazin and @entity1891 . To date, superiority of any high-dose chemotherapy regimen has not been established. However, the clinical biology, the pattern of spread and the time of relapse determine the prognosis of @entity1 who are eligible for HDC. In particular, @entity1 with multifocal bone or bone marrow metastases have a poorer prognosis than @entity1 with lung metastases. In addition, @entity1 with a relapse within 24 months have a poorer prognosis than @entity1 with a relapse later than 24 months after diagnosis. This review will analyze the results of single- and multi-agent chemotherapy with respect to agent combination, dose and risk stratum of @entity1 population. Future therapeutic modalities for the treatment of @entity2828 might encompass immunotherapeutic and genetic strategies including allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

title: High-dose chemoradiotherapy (HDC) in the @entity2828 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ['Ewing tumors', 'EFT']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['Etoposide']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['Melphalan']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['Vincristine']

answer: @entity2828 :: (MESH:D012512,Disease) :: ['EFT']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study is to report the efficacy of laser photocoagulation treatment for @entity1103 in @entity8721 ( @entity8721 ). DESIGN: The study design was a retrospective, clinical study. @entity1 : The authors observed 14 @entity1 with @entity8721 , studying the visual acuities and retinal changes of treated and untreated eyes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual acuity, presence of @entity1103 , and associated retinal findings were measured. RESULTS: Of 28 eyes, 10 (8 @entity1 ) received 15 laser photocoagulation treatments for @entity1103 . Neither treated nor untreated eyes had visual improvement of two or more lines. After treatment, five eyes (50%) had increased @entity989 develop, three (30%) had new draining retinal venules, five (50%) had intraretinal fibrovascular tissues, and four (40%) had retinal and preretinal @entity548 develop. CONCLUSIONS: Grid laser photocoagulation therapy for @entity1103 in @entity1 with @entity8721 appears to neither improve nor stabilize long-term visual acuity. In addition, treatment is associated with retinal pigment epithelial changes, increased @entity989 , postoperative vascularized @entity5861 . These changes, however, do not appear to cause a further @entity1018 .

title: Grid laser photocoagulation for @entity1103 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['loss of vision']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral juxtafoveal telangiectasis', 'BJT']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['macular edema']

entities_list: @entity5861 :: ('MESH:D012166', 'Disease') :: ['retinal scars, and postoperative retinal hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative retinal vascular distortion', 'retinal vascular distortion']

answer: @entity8721 :: (MESH:D013684,Disease) :: ['bilateral juxtafoveal telangiectasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity2682 is an oral antiepileptic agent with an unknown mechanism of action. Recent case reports have suggested that @entity2682 may be effective in the treatment of a variety of @entity9 states. This report presents baseline and follow-up data on ten @entity1 who were treated with @entity2682 when other pharmacologic interventions failed to relieve their @entity9 . METHODS: Ten @entity1 referred for treatment of unrelieved @entity9 in the head and neck region were included in this study. Baseline and follow-up information included measures of @entity158 intensity and @entity158 quality. All of the @entity1 were started on 300 mg @entity2682 three times per day, though daily doses of up to 2400 mg were required for @entity158 relief. RESULTS: Eight of the ten @entity1 had no @entity9 on follow-up, whereas the remaining 2 @entity1 reported only partial relief at follow-up. None of the @entity1 complained of side effects. @entity2682 was effective in alleviating steady @entity158 as well as lancinating @entity158 and @entity1931 . CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that @entity2682 may be effective in the management of some cases of @entity9 in the head and neck. However, controlled, double-blind longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate this possibility.

title: Experience with @entity2682 for XXXX in the head and neck: report of ten cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['Gabapentin', 'gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['burning pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuropathic pain']


abstract: 1. An account is given of the absorption of @entity7967 by the small intestine of Rana temporaria, R. pipiens and Bufo vulgaris perfused in vitro through the vascular system. Maltase and @entity69986 activity are found in the intestine of all three species; very small amounts of sucrase are present in the intestine of R. pipiens but there is no evidence for the presence of @entity290 in any of the animals studied.2. During @entity7969 absorption free @entity413 appears in the vascular effluent and in the intestinal lumen. Only very small quantities of @entity7016 are found in the vascular effluent. The concentration of free @entity413 in the intestinal lumen during @entity7969 absorption is not high enough to account for the rates of @entity413 transport observed. The rate of appearance of @entity413 in the vascular effluent is determined by the concentration of @entity7016 in the luminal fluid, and @entity12015 , free in solution in the lumen, is not an obligatory intermediate in the process of @entity7016 absorption.3. For R. pipiens more than 90% of the maltase activity in the system is present in the intestinal wall and the rate of @entity7969 hydrolysis by maltase, free in the intestinal lumen, is found to be inadequate to account for the rates of appearance of @entity413 observed to occur in the lumen and in the vascular effluent. It is not possible to wash away maltase activity from the intestinal wall.4. The kinetic properties of maltase and @entity69986 acting in situ are of the Michaelis-Menten type; the apparent K(m) is 2 mM for maltase, and 3 mM for @entity69986 .5. The relationship which exists between the rate of absorption of @entity413 and the concentration in the luminal fluid of either @entity7016 or free @entity413 is of the Michaelis-Menten type. Expressed in molar units, the apparent K(m) for the @entity413 transport is about one fifth that of the disaccharidase. The maximum rate of @entity413 transport observed is less than the maximum rate of @entity7016 hydrolysis. In R. pipiens equimolar concentrations in the intestinal lumen of the monomer free @entity413 , or of the dimer, @entity7969 , yield approximately equal rates of transport of the free @entity12015 .6. It is concluded that in the amphibian, either intestine @entity7016 hydrolysis and @entity413 transport are functions of separate subcellular systems which spatially are very closely related, or that the hydrolysis and transport are different facets of the activity of a common system.

title: XXXX absorption by amphibian small intestine in vitro.

entities_list: @entity7967 :: ('MESH:D004187', 'Chemical') :: ['disaccharides']

entities_list: @entity7016 :: ('CHEBI:36233', 'Chemical') :: ['disaccharide']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity7016 :: (CHEBI:36233,Chemical) :: ['Disaccharide']


abstract: Thirty-two @entity1 and adolescents received their renal transplant at the Montefiore Medical Center, in New York, between October 1996 and May 2000. Twenty-four @entity1 received basiliximab, in addition to @entity1140 and @entity230 (basiliximab group). The remaining eight @entity1 received only @entity1140 and @entity230 (non-basiliximab group). The 1-year @entity1 survival rate was 100% in both groups. The 1-year graft survival rate was 87.5% for the basiliximab group and 75% for the non-basiliximab group (P=0.45). The rates of acute rejection in the basiliximab and non-basiliximab groups were 26% and 43%, respectively (P=0.36). However, in recipients with <or=3 HLA mismatches, the rate of acute rejection was zero in the basiliximab group, and 40% in the non-basiliximab group (P=0.04). The beneficial effect occurred despite the fact that @entity1140 was maintained at below the target levels. There were no adverse events directly attributable to the administration of basiliximab. There were no cases of @entity1292 or @entity1071 . In summary, addition of basiliximab to @entity1140 and @entity229 significantly decreased the rate of acute rejection in well-matched @entity1 . Moreover, this effect was manifest at lower, and therefore less toxic, @entity1140 levels.

title: Basiliximab induction improves the outcome of renal transplants in XXXX and adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infections']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with @entity5 were stratified into risk groups for survival based on surgicopathologic findings from a prospective study conducted by the Gynecologic Oncology Group from 1977-1984. The purpose of this study is to reassess these risk groups in @entity1 treated in an era of contemporary management. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity189 were identified from 1990-2005 for retrospective analysis. Charts were abstracted for clinical, histopathologic and surgical data, and @entity1 stratified into four risk groups for survival based on the clinical size of @entity5 and extent of lymph node @entity3 . Univariate and multivariate characteristics were evaluated and 5-year survival determined by Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: 175 @entity1 were identified that underwent surgical management with a median age at diagnosis of 59.9 years. Stage distribution included: I (n=89, 51%), II (n=53, 30%), III (n=29, 17%), and IV (n=4, 2%). Stratification into risk groups included: minimal (n=89, 51%), low (n=69, 40%), intermediate (n=11, 6%), and high (n=6; 3%). The survival rate was 100%, 97%, 82% and 100%, respectively, at median follow-up of 54.5 months. Comparatively, the survival rates for historic groups were 97.9%, 87.4%, 74.8% and 29.0%. Using multivariate analysis, age (p=0.04) and lymph node @entity3 (p=0.009) were predictive of survival. CONCLUSIONS: Survival among the minimal and low risk groups is preserved in spite of less radical surgery. 5-year survival rate for intermediate and high risk @entity1 also appears to be improved. This is likely a result of advancement in adjuvant chemo-radiation and a younger @entity1 population that presents with @entity1442 .

title: Gynecologic Oncology Group risk groups for XXXX : improvement in survival in the modern era.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'vulvar cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['less advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['vulvar carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Clinicians have anecdotally noted that combat-related invasive @entity364 (IFIs) lead to residual limb @entity3207 , additional days and operative procedures before initial wound closure, and high early complication rates. We evaluated the validity of these observations and identified risk factors that may impact time to initial wound closure. DESIGN: Retrospective review and case-control analysis. SETTING: Military hospitals. @entity1 / @entity1 : US military personnel injured during combat operations (2009-2011). The IFI cases were identified based on the presence of recurrent, @entity39 extremity wounds with mold growth in culture, and/or histopathologic fungal evidence. Non-IFI controls were matched on injury pattern and severity. In a supplemental matching analysis, non-IFI controls were also matched by blood volume transfused within 24 hours of injury. INTERVENTION: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Amputation revision rate and loss of functional levels. RESULTS: Seventy-one IFI cases (112 @entity364 ) were identified and matched to 160 control @entity1 (315 non-IFI extremity wounds). The IFI wounds resulted in significantly more changes in amputation level (P < 0.001). Additionally, significantly (P < 0.001) higher number of operative procedures and longer duration to initial wound closure were associated with IFI. A shorter duration to initial wound closure was significantly associated with wounds lacking IFIs (Hazard ratio: 1.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-2.01). The supplemental matching analysis found similar results. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis indicates that IFIs adversely impact wound healing and @entity1 recovery, requiring more frequent proximal amputation revisions and leading to higher early complication rates. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Early Complications and Outcomes in Combat Injury-Related Invasive XXXX : A Case-Control Analysis.

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal-infected extremity wounds', 'fungal wound infections']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['Fungal Wound Infections']


abstract: PURPOSE: The management of @entity102 with persistent @entity292 ( @entity292 ) is a major challenge for surgeons. We report our experience of performing pedicle muscle flap transposition for @entity102 with @entity292 in a clinical center in China. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 13 @entity1 with postoperative @entity102 and persistent @entity292 . The surgical procedure performed was chosen according to the degree of @entity281 in the @entity3509 . @entity1 with mild contamination underwent one-stage cavity decortication with flap transposition, whereas @entity1 with severe @entity281 underwent two-stage surgery including open-window thoracostomy and pedicle muscle flap transposition. RESULTS: Five @entity1 underwent one-stage surgery, followed by an uneventful postoperative course in all except one. The other eight @entity1 underwent two-stage surgery. The fistulas closed spontaneously during the course of dressings and six of these eight @entity1 underwent second-stage surgery uneventfully. A bronchopleurocutaneous sinus developed in the wounds of the other two @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Pedicle muscle flap transposition is a viable option for @entity102 with @entity292 ; however, surgical procedures should be selected according to the degree of contamination. For two-stage surgery, obliteration of the cavity should be considered, preferably after closure of the @entity292 .

title: Pedicle muscle flap transposition for XXXX with persistent @entity292 : experience of a single clinical center in China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3509 :: ('MESH:D004653', 'Disease') :: ['empyema cavity']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic empyema']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['BPF', 'fistula', 'bronchopleural fistula']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic empyema']


abstract: @entity6820 / @entity6820 encodes a protein involved in bacterial recognition by monocytes. Mutations in @entity6820 have recently been found in @entity1 with @entity30 ( @entity30 ), a chronic inflammatory condition of the digestive tract. Here, we report the mutational analyses of @entity6820 in 453 @entity1 with @entity30 , including 166 sporadic and 287 familial cases, 159 @entity1 with @entity31 ( @entity31 ), and 103 healthy control subjects. Of 67 sequence variations identified, 9 had an allele frequency >5% in @entity1 with @entity30 . Six of them were considered to be polymorphisms, and three ( @entity20716 , @entity20717 , and 1007fs) were confirmed to be independently associated with susceptibility to @entity30 . Also considered as potential disease-causing mutations (DCMs) were 27 rare additional mutations. The three main variants ( @entity20716 , @entity20717 , and 1007fs) represented 32%, 18%, and 31%, respectively, of the total @entity30 mutations, whereas the total of the 27 rare mutations represented 19% of DCMs. Altogether, 93% of the mutations were located in the distal third of the gene. No mutations were found to be associated with @entity31 . In contrast, 50% of @entity1 with @entity30 carried at least one DCM, including 17% who had a double mutation. This observation confirmed the gene-dosage effect in @entity30 . The @entity1 with double-dose mutations were characterized by a younger age at onset (16.9 years vs. 19.8 years; P=.01), a more frequent stricturing phenotype (53% vs. 28%; P=.00003; odds ratio 2.92), and a less frequent colonic involvement (43% vs. 62%; P=.003; odds ratio 0.44) than were seen in those @entity1 who had no mutation. The severity of the disease and extraintestinal manifestations were not different for any of the @entity6820 genotypes. The proportion of familial and sporadic cases and the proportion of @entity1 with smoking habits were similar in the groups of @entity1 with @entity30 with or without mutation. These findings provide tools for a DNA-based test of susceptibility and for genetic counseling in @entity29 .

title: @entity6820 / XXXX mutational analysis and genotype-phenotype correlation in 612 @entity1 with @entity29 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'Crohn disease']

answer: @entity6820 :: (64127,Gene) :: ['NOD2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report our experience with repeat microvascular decompression (MVD) for hemifacial @entity2473 (HFS) in @entity1 who have failed their first operation. METHODS: The authors describe 41 redo MVDs for HFS in 36 @entity1 performed over a 3 year period. Seven @entity1 underwent early re-operation after an @entity2103 . Eight @entity1 underwent early re-operation for clinical failure. Eighteen @entity1 underwent late re-operation for @entity2473 recurrence long after their original MVD. Eight MVDs were performed on @entity1 who had already undergone at least two prior operations. RESULTS: Twenty four @entity1 experienced complete @entity2473 resolution (70.6%), eight @entity1 had near total resolution (23.5%), and two @entity1 failed re-operation (5.9%). Two @entity1 were lost to follow up (5.6%). A favourable outcome was reported by 82.4% of @entity1 at a mean follow up interval of 18 months. A total of 91.7% of @entity1 50 years of age or younger were cured at follow up versus 59.1% of @entity1 older than 50 (p = 0.04). @entity1 undergoing early re-operation were significantly more likely to be cured or improved than @entity1 undergoing late re-operation (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Repeat MVD for HFS is effective in experienced hands. Younger @entity1 respond better to repeat MVD. Late repeat MVD for HFS is a reasonable treatment option, although results are less favourable than for early re-operation.

title: Repeat microvascular decompression for hemifacial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['aborted seventh nerve decompression']

answer: @entity2473 :: (MESH:D013035,Disease) :: ['spasm']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To report the distribution of various sleep parameters in a population-based study. DESIGN: Population-based cross-sectional study with self-administered questionnaires. SETTING: Conducted as part of the Hordaland Health Study '97-'99 in collaboration with the Norwegian National Health Screening Service. @entity1 : 8860 subjects, aged 40 to 45 years, answered the sleep questionnaire part of the study. INTERVENTIONS: N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Reports on habitual bedtimes, rise times, subjective @entity25 , and various sleep characteristics were used in this study. Mean (+/- SD) nocturnal sleep duration during weekdays in @entity1 was 6 hours 52 minutes (+/- 55 minutes); in @entity1 7 hours 11 minutes (+/- 57 minutes). Mean subjective @entity25 was 7 hours 16 minutes (+/- 52 minutes) in @entity1 ; 7 hours 45 minutes (+/- 52 minutes) in @entity1 . Sleep duration was shorter in shift workers and longer in married subjects and in those living in rural areas. Subjective @entity25 was higher in subjects reporting poor subjective health and in subjects living in rural areas. In total, these variables accounted for only around 3% of the variance in sleep duration and @entity25 . Ten percent of the @entity1 and 12.2% of the @entity1 reported frequent @entity22 . CONCLUSIONS: The wide distribution of sleep duration and subjective @entity25 indicate large interindividual variations in these parameters. There were pronounced sex differences in these variables and in most of the sleep characteristics studied. Shift work, @entity22550 , marital status, and education in @entity1 were sources of significant, but small, variations in sleep duration.

title: Sleep duration, subjective XXXX , and sleep habits of 40- to 45-year-olds in the Hordaland Health Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity22550 :: ('MESH:C538276', 'Disease') :: ['urban-rural living']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep need']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleep need']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the potential of etanercept, a biological inhibitor of @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity310 ), delivered by perispinal administration, for the treatment of @entity158 associated with @entity1798 . METHODS: Charts from 20 selected @entity1 treated at our private clinic by perispinal delivery of etanercept 25 mg for severe, chronic, treatment-resistant discogenic @entity158 were reviewed. Therapeutic benefit was assessed clinically and was documented by changes in a validated @entity158 instrument, the @entity717 Index. The @entity1 were treated off-label with etanercept as part of our usual practice of medicine. Five detailed case reports are presented, including three additional @entity1 . RESULTS: Rapid, substantial and sustained clinical @entity158 reduction was documented in this selected group of @entity1 . The cohort of 20 @entity1 had a mean age of 56.5 and mean duration of @entity158 of 116 months. Nine of the @entity1 had undergone previous spinal surgery; 17 had received an epidural @entity134 injection or injections (mean 3.2). This group of @entity1 received a mean of 1.8 doses (range 1-5, median 1.0) of etanercept during the observation period. The mean length of follow-up was 230 days. Clinical improvement was confirmed by a decrease in the calculated @entity717 Index from a mean of 54.85 +/- 12.5 at baseline, improving to 17.2 +/- 15.3 (p <0.003) at 24 days and ending at 9.8 +/- 13 (p <0.003) at 230 days. CONCLUSIONS: @entity310 inhibition by etanercept delivered by perispinal administration may offer clinical benefit for @entity1 with chronic, treatment-resistant discogenic @entity158 . Further study of this new treatment modality is warranted.

title: Perispinal @entity310 inhibition for discogenic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

entities_list: @entity1798 :: ('MESH:C535531', 'Disease') :: ['intervertebral disc disease']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been shown to be an effective treatment modality for surface-oriented @entity5 of the skin, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urogenital systems. The purpose of our study was to assess the safety and efficacy of PDT using @entity17654 in the treatment of @entity957 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity468 with naturally occurring @entity957 of the skin were entered into the study. PDT was @entity5 using an @entity3503 -pumped dye laser 48 hours after the administration of the photosensitizer porfimer @entity1372 ( @entity17654 ). Following treatment, the @entity5 were evaluated for complete response rates and local control durations. RESULTS: Eight @entity5 were staged T1a, 9 staged T1b, and 14 staged T2b. Complete response rates as well as local control durations were significantly related to stage (p < 0.0001). Complete response was achieved in 100% of the T1a @entity5 and 53% of the T1b @entity5 ; the overall 1-year local control rate for all treated @entity5 was 62%. Clinical, hematological, and biochemical evidence of @entity137 was not seen in any cat following drug administration. CONCLUSION: PDT with the photosensitizer @entity17654 was safe and effective in treating early stage @entity957 of the feline skin.

title: Photodynamic therapy for XXXX in @entity468 using @entity17654 .

entities_list: @entity17654 :: ('MESH:D017323', 'Chemical') :: ['Photofrin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['delivered to the tumors', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas of feline facial skin', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['facial squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity15 ( @entity15 ) is an @entity3026 (CNS) characterized by @entity32 , @entity17 and axonal pathology. Myelin basic protein/proteolipid protein (MBP-PLP) fusion protein @entity69372 is capable of inducing chronic @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ) in susceptible @entity19 strains mirroring diverse histopathological and immunological hallmarks of @entity15 . Lack of @entity1 tissue underscores the importance of animal models to study the pathology of @entity15 . METHODS: Twenty-two female C57BL/6 (B6) @entity19 were immunized with @entity69372 and the clinical development of @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ) was observed. @entity6693 -stained semi-thin and ultra-thin sections of the lumbar spinal cord were assessed at the peak of acute @entity6503 , three months (chronic @entity6503 ) and six months after onset of @entity6503 (long-term @entity6503 ). The extent of lesional area and @entity32 were analyzed in semi-thin sections on a light microscopic level. The magnitude of @entity17 and @entity21 were determined using electron microscopy. Emphasis was put on the ventrolateral tract (VLT) of the spinal cord. RESULTS: B6 @entity19 demonstrated increasing @entity17 and severe axonal pathology in the course of @entity69372 -induced @entity6503 . Additionally, mitochondrial swelling and a decrease in the nearest neighbor neurofilament distance (NNND) as early signs of @entity21 were evident with the onset of @entity6503 . In semi-thin sections we observed the maximum of lesional area in the chronic state of @entity6503 while @entity32 was found to a similar extent in acute and chronic @entity6503 . In contrast to the well-established @entity6504 ( @entity6504 ) model, disease stages of @entity69372 -induced @entity6503 could not be distinguished by assessing the extent of parenchymal @entity4 or the grade of @entity32 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results complement our previous ultrastructural studies of B6 @entity6503 models and suggest that B6 @entity19 immunized with different antigens constitute useful instruments to study the diverse histopathological aspects of @entity15 .

title: Time-Dependent @entity17 and Axonal Pathology in XXXX -Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity3026 :: ('MESH:D020278', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease of the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity6504 :: ('17441(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['MOG', 'myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity6503 :: ('MESH:D004681', 'Disease') :: ['EAE', 'experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['axonal damage']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple sclerosis', 'MS']

answer: @entity69372 :: (114600(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['MP4']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess whether monitoring sedation status using bispectral index (BIS) as an adjunct to clinical evaluation was associated with a reduction in the total amount of sedative drug used in a 12 h period. DESIGN: Prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. SETTING: Tertiary care neurocritical care unit. @entity1 : Sixty-seven mechanically ventilated adult @entity1 receiving continuous intravenous sedation with @entity1875 . INTERVENTIONS: Sedation monitoring using clinical assessment with the Ramsay scale (Ramsay-alone group) or clinical assessment plus BIS monitoring (BIS-augmentation group). Subjects were randomized to Ramsay-alone (n = 35), or BIS-augmentation (n = 32). Nurses adjusted the dose of @entity1875 to a Ramsay of 4, or a Ramsay of 4 and BIS between 60 and 70. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: @entity1 in the BIS-augmentation group received significantly less @entity1875 by volume (93.5 ml vs. 157.8 ml, respectively; P < .015), and had lower infusion rates (14.6 vs. 27.9 mcg/kg/min; P = .003). There is a lower risk of @entity1875 infusion exceeding manufacturer's recommended dosing guides in the BIS-augmentation group versus the Ramsay-alone group (0 vs. 23%, P = .0052). The BIS-augmentation group woke up much quicker than those in the Ramsay-alone group (1.2 vs. 7.5 min; P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: BIS-augmented sedation monitoring resulted in a marked reduction in the total dose of sedative used to achieve the same level of clinical sedation resulting in shortened time to wake up without any measurable adverse effects. Physiologic sedation assessment tools may provide a useful means of improving the care of sedated critically ill @entity1 .

title: A randomized evaluation of bispectral index-augmented sedation assessment in neurological XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of membrane potential and intracellular @entity460 kinetic changes in producing @entity455 during severe @entity548 . METHODS: @entity35 were subjected to @entity548 ( @entity548 ) for 2 hours. The spinotrapezius muscle was prepared for microscopy and the responses of arterioles in the muscle to @entity1063 (NE) were tested. The resting membrane potentials of isolated arterial strips were measured with a microelectrode. Membrane potential and intracellular @entity141 ([ @entity141 ]i) changes in isolated arteriolar smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) were determined with fluorescent probes and a confocal microscopy. RESULTS: The arteriolar resting membrane potential was decreased from -36.7 +/- 6.3 mV in control to -29.2 +/- 5.3 mV concurrent with the increase of vasoreactivity to NE at 20 minutes after @entity548 . At 120 minutes post- @entity548 , the resting potential hyperpolarized to -51.9 +/- 9.1 mV, and NE stimulated [ @entity141 ]i increase was reduced to 50% of the control values during the appearance of arteriolar hyporeactivity, i.e. the NE threshold of the arteriolar response increased 15 fold 2 hours after the onset of @entity548 as compared with normal animals. The state of vasoreactivity was closely related to the resting potential of vascular smooth muscle in @entity548 , with a correlation coefficient of 0.96. Treatment with @entity5217 , a selective blocker of @entity855 -sensitive K+ (KATP) channels, decreased the resting potential, increased NE-stimulated [ @entity141 ]i increase, and partially restored vasoreactivity in severe @entity548 . CONCLUSION: The results suggested that membrane hyperpolarization and the reduction of NE-stimulated [ @entity141 ]i increase in smooth muscle cells appeared to contribute to the @entity455 in @entity548 . The mechanism is likely to involve in KATP channels.

title: The role of membrane potential and XXXX kinetic changes in the pathogenesis of @entity455 during severe shock.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular hyporeactivity']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'hemorrhagic shock', 'HS']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['glybenclamide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this observational cohort study was to specify the risk of the @entity2067 antagonist (VKA) @entity3924 during first trimester of pregnancy, in particular to estimate the risk of @entity600 and spontaneous fetal loss. Four hundred eight pregnancies with @entity3924 exposure were compared to 1,642 pregnancies neither exposed to VKA nor to other major teratogens or fetotoxicants. There was no typical @entity1229 @entity2241 in our exposed cohort. However, the overall rate of major @entity600 was significantly increased (7.4   % vs 2.3   %; adjusted odds ratio [ORadj] 2.14; 95   % confidence interval [CI] 1.4-3.4). With early cessation until five completed gestational weeks the @entity600 risk was similar to the comparison cohort (2.4   % vs 2.3   %; ORadj 1.07; 95   % CI 0.2-3.6). With treatment duration exceeding seven gestational weeks the rate of major @entity600 increased up to five-fold (10.8   % vs 2.3   %; ORadj 5.18; 95   % CI 2.0-11.6). The overall risk of @entity2208 ( @entity2208 ) was 38.0   % vs 17.5   % in the comparison cohort (adjusted hazard ratio (HRadj) 2.9; 95   % CI 2.2-3.9). The treatment duration had a significant effect on the hazard of @entity2208 (HRadj 1.12; 95   % CI 1.01-1.25 per each additional exposure week). @entity3924 and other VKA carry an embryotoxic risk. This risk seems to be time-dependent with a steep risk increase for @entity600 and also for fetal loss after week 5. If @entity66 permits, VKA therapy should be switched to safer alternatives such as heparins immediately after early recognition of pregnancy.

title: Pregnancy outcome of first trimester exposure to the @entity2067 antagonist XXXX depends on duration of treatment.

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['SAB', 'spontaneous abortion']

entities_list: @entity3924 :: ('MESH:D010644', 'Chemical') :: ['phenprocoumon', 'Phenprocoumon']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['maternal disease']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defect', 'birth defects']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['embryopathy']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity3924 :: (MESH:D010644,Chemical) :: ['phenprocoumon']


abstract: PURPOSE: To use porcine lung explants for reconstructing possible situations in which a vessel wall disruption might have occurred in a @entity1 suffering fatal hemoptysis after @entity358 with a hydrodynamic thrombectomy device. METHODS: A 76-year-old @entity1 with @entity1151 underwent @entity358 using a 6-F AngioJet Xpeedior catheter according to manufacturer's instructions. While activating the device in the middle lobe artery (approximately 8 mm diameter), massive and ultimately fatal @entity548 occurred through the tracheal tube. Because no autopsy was authorized, an experimental study was designed to examine possible causes for the vessel disruption. Five fresh porcine @entity299 were examined inside a dedicated chest phantom. Access to the pulmonary vessels was provided through catheters inside the right and left ventricular outlets. A low-flow circulation was maintained with an external pump. The 6-F AngioJet thrombectomy device was activated at 42 sites inside vessels from 2 to 10 mm in diameter; in one lung, 8 activations were made after deliberately withdrawing the guidewire. RESULTS: Vessels >6 mm in diameter remained intact. Vessel wall disruption occurred in 4 of 7 vessels between 4 and 6 mm in diameter and in 13 of 14 segmental arteries <4 mm in diameter (regardless of whether or not a guidewire was used). The signs of vessel wall disruption included extravasation of contrast material, @entity2548 , and laceration of distal airspaces with contrast inside the bronchus. CONCLUSIONS: The application of this system has to be considered potentially dangerous when activated inside vessels with diameters <6 mm. The use of this device appears to be safe only inside main branches of the lung vessels at this time. Additional experiments will be required to substantiate these initial results.

title: Suspected pulmonary artery disruption after XXXX using a hydrodynamic thrombectomy device: clinical case and experimental study on porcine lung explants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['arterial bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['massive pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolectomy', 'transvenous pulmonary embolectomy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart-lung preparations']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistula']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['transvenous pulmonary embolectomy']


abstract: We characterized an outbreak of acute @entity5163 caused by @entity7414 that occurred during the Autumn of 2005 in Malatya City, @entity233 . A total 9907 @entity1 between 0 to 91 years old (mean age: 25.05   19.67) were included in the epidemic. The @entity1    data were prospectively collected and statistically analyzed. Microbiologic analyses were performed to determine the etiologic agent. Rapid onset @entity294 (98.36%), abdominal cramps (69%), @entity221 (44.4%) and @entity391 (69.6%) were the most common symptoms observed in patients. Rotavirus antigen was detected in 52.7% of the studied @entity1 . RT-PCR analysis led to identification of @entity7414 as the causative agent of this epidemic. Simultaneous measurements of the drinking water samples yielded very low @entity3878 levels; as low as 0 to 0.05 mg/L. The outbreak investigation team indicated possible contamination of a large water depository from a water well, which supplies drinking water to two major districts of the city. Effective chlorination and blockage of the passage between the well and the water depository stopped the outbreak. This outbreak shows the high epidemic potency of rotavirus in large @entity1 populations, including all age groups, and underlines the importance of water safety in pipeline systems.

title: A waterborne outbreak of @entity294 due to XXXX in Malatya, @entity233 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity3878 :: ('MESH:D002713', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorine']

entities_list: @entity7414 :: ('28875', 'Species') :: ['Group A rotavirus', 'group A rotavirus']

entities_list: @entity5163 :: ('MESH:D004403', 'Disease') :: ['diarrheal disease']

answer: @entity7414 :: (28875,Species) :: ['group A rotavirus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early detection of recurrence improves the survival rate of @entity1 treated with breast conservation therapy (BCT). Therefore, ultrasonography (US) may be useful for metachronous @entity0 recurrence (MIBTR) obscured on mammography by dense breast tissue and distortion. PURPOSE: To evaluate clinical, radiologic, and pathologic findings of MIBTR retrospectively, and to assess the role of surveillance US additional to mammography for MIBTR detection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During 2000 to 2012, 28 MIBTR were collected and reviewed among 2958 @entity1 treated for primary @entity0 with conservation surgery. The detection rates of imaging studies for identifying metachronous ipsilateral lesions were assessed and compared. MIBTR @entity5 staging was evaluated according to imaging modality for detection of MIBTR, palpability, and recent imaging surveillance. RESULTS: No significant difference was observed in the detection rate between mammography and US for overall MIBTR (84.2% vs. 85.7%; P   =   0.898) or non-palpable MIBTR (88.2% vs. 81.0%; P   =   0.566). US alone identified 33.3% of non-palpable MIBTRs (seven of 21). Among these cases, two had negative mammograms. All 14 MIBTRs with recent imaging surveillance were stage T2 or less, and all seven MIBTRs detected by US alone were in situ or T1; 33% of MIBTRs without recent imaging surveillance were T3 or T4. CONCLUSION: The overall MIBTR detection rate by US was not higher than the detection rate of mammography, although combined surveillance with US and mammography found MIBTRs slightly earlier than mammography alone.

title: Breast ultrasonography for detection of metachronous XXXX recurrence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral breast tumor', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['ipsilateral breast tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects on @entity1 discomfort of an intraabdominal passive gas drain left for four hours postoperatively following gynaecologic laparoscopic surgery. DESIGN: A prospective randomised double-blinded placebo controlled trial. SETTING: University tertiary hospital and private hospital. POPULATION OR SAMPLE: Eighty @entity1 having a laparoscopic gynaecological procedure for benign disease. METHODS: A drain was placed via the umbilical port at the conclusion of the surgical procedure and was removed four hours postoperatively. The researcher, assessor and @entity1 were all blinded as to the patency or occlusion of the drain. @entity1 were asked to complete questionnaires at regular intervals up to five days postoperatively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual analogue scale (VAS) to assess @entity158 , shoulder and @entity662 , @entity490 , bloating and energy prior to surgery and at intervals up to five days postoperatively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: No complications were attributed to the presence and withdrawal of the drain tube. Shoulder @entity158 following operative or diagnostic laparoscopy was significantly reduced for 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours by the presence of a patent passive gas drain for the first four hours postoperatively. The drains were easy to use and had no associated morbidity We recommend that in the absence of the need for an active drain, all @entity1 undergoing laparoscopy should have a gas drain inserted for a period of four hours after the completion of the procedure.

title: A prospective randomised double-blind placebo controlled trial to assess whether gas drains reduce shoulder XXXX following gynaecological laparoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['overall pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of @entity1667 for electrical @entity159 during sleep (ESES) in @entity1 . METHOD: The clinical and EEG data of 82 @entity302 @entity1 with ESES, which included @entity302 with centro temporal spikes (BECT) variants, @entity302 with @entity25 ( @entity25 ) , @entity12924 ( @entity12924 ) collected from department of pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital were analyzed from July 2007 to September 2012. During ESES period, all @entity1 received @entity1667 treatment for three courses, which included @entity1667 intravenous infusion for three days, followed by oral @entity229 for four days every time. After three courses, @entity229 [1-2 mg/(kg * d)] were taken by all @entity1 for 6 months. The ESES phenomenon and @entity410 were observed before and after treatment. The efficacy of corticosteroid on ESES suppression, @entity410 control of three @entity302 were analyzed. RESULT: Thirty-nine cases were male and 43 cases were female. The @entity302 syndromes included 49 @entity1 diagnosed as @entity302 with centrotemporal spike (BECT) variants, 27 @entity1 diagnosed as @entity302 with @entity25 ( @entity25 ), and 6 @entity1 diagnosed as @entity12924 . Age of onset ranged from 1 year and 4 months to 11 years. The age of ESES newly monitored was from 2 years to 10 years and 8 months. The total effective rate of corticosteroid was 83% (68/82) for ESES, BECT variants was 82% (40/49), @entity25 was 81% (22/27), @entity12924 was 100% (6/6). There was no statistically significant difference in effective rates between the front two (     = 0.09, P > 0.05). The @entity410 were improved in the first month after @entity1667 treatment in 3 @entity302 syndromes. The recurrence rate of BECT variants was 47% (23/49) , @entity25 was 59% (16/27) , @entity12924 was 50% (3/6) after 1 year follow up. There was no association between disease parameters, including age at @entity410 onset, duration of ESES and the treatment effect of ESES examined by Kruskal-Wallis method (     = 3.585, 0.932, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity1667 was effective for improving ESES and @entity410 in 3 @entity302 syndromes combined with ESES. There was no significant correlation between age at @entity410 onset, duration of ESES and treatment effect of ESES.

title: [Efficacy of @entity1667 therapy for electrical XXXX during sleep in @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone', 'Methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity12924 :: ('MESH:D018887', 'Disease') :: ['Landau-Kleffner syndrome', 'LKS']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['continuous spikes and waves during slow sleep', 'CSWS']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['benign childhood epilepsy', 'epilepsy', 'epilepsy syndrome']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity159 :: (MESH:D013226,Disease) :: ['status epilepticus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Individuals with @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ) present with alterations or limitations of spinal mobility. The identification of simple clinical methods for evaluating functional movement of the spine is necessary to allow quantification of the degree of @entity717 and permit monitoring of @entity1 improvement with rehabilitation. This study evaluated movement of the spine in 20 @entity1 with chronic nonspecific @entity1643 compared with 19 @entity158 -free @entity1 using a novel measurement device that permits the dynamic assessment of spinal movement in a rapid and subject-specific manner. METHODS: Two flexible sensor strips were fixed paravertebrally to the spine with each sensor strip measuring angles in 12 predetermined, adjacent, 25-mm-long segments. Maximum range of motion (ROM) and average angular velocity (AAV) of lumbar and pelvic movement were measured within identical angular and temporal frames during the descending and ascending phase of active lumbar flexion, extension, rotation, and @entity5251 following a standard choreography. @entity1 with @entity1643 completed a number of questionnaires including the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, @entity158 Catastrophizing Scale, and Spielberger State-Trait @entity148 Inventory. RESULTS: Across all movements, the individuals with @entity1643 displayed 10% to 15% less ROM (P<0.05) and 15% to 30% less AAV (P<0.05) at both the pelvis and lumbar regions compared with controls. ROM as well as AAV, in most cases, were negatively correlated (R=-0.49 to -0.75) with the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, @entity158 Catastrophizing Scale, and Spielberger State-Trait @entity148 Inventory in the @entity1643 group (all P<0.05) especially during the initial descending phase of movement. DISCUSSION: This study provide support for the utility of this device for quantifying @entity717 in individuals with fairly low levels of @entity1643 and general functional limitations. The results show that velocity measurements rather than ROM show the greatest differences in individuals with @entity1643 compared with asymptomatic @entity1 . @entity717 was correlated to the individuals with @entity1643 's degree of @entity148 , fear, and catastrophizing.

title: Measurement of Lumbar Spine Functional Movement in Low Back XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain', 'LBP']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity5251 :: ('MESH:D010509', 'Disease') :: ['lateral flexion']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement impairment', 'movement impairments', 'Impaired lumbar and pelvis movement']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: Coxsackievirus is the most prevalent virus associated with the pathogenesis of @entity2401 and its sequela dilated @entity296 . We have previously shown that coxsackievirus infection facilitates the ubiquitin/proteasome processing of the cell-cycle protein @entity1896 and the @entity5 suppressor @entity899 , which raises the possibility that the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway may be used by virus to promote viral replication. In this study, we examined the interplay between coxsackievirus replication and the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway in @entity19 cardiomyocytes. We found that treatment of cells with the proteasome inhibitors @entity16626 or @entity16628 significantly decreased virus titers in the supernatant and prevented virus-induced cell death. We further examined the effects of proteasome inhibitor on different stages of coxsackievirus life-cycle. We showed that inhibition of the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway did not affect virus entry and had no influence on viral protease proteolytic activities. However, viral RNA transcription and protein translation were markedly reduced after addition of proteasome inhibitors. We further demonstrate that ubiquitin/proteasome pathway-mediated viral replication does not appear to be related to changes in proteasome activities. Taken together, our data suggest that proteasome inhibitor reduces coxsackievirus replication through inhibition of viral RNA transcription and protein synthesis. Thus, proteasome inhibition may represent a novel therapeutic approach against @entity2401 .

title: Proteasome inhibition reduces coxsackievirus B3 replication in XXXX cardiomyocytes.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

entities_list: @entity16628 :: ('MESH:C067713', 'Chemical') :: ['lactacystin']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine current practice patterns in the management of @entity1036 .S. ophthalmologists and differences in the management and opinions between @entity267 and non- @entity267 . METHODS: A questionnaire was distributed to randomly selected ophthalmologists in July 2011 using an online survey system. It inquired about the number of @entity1 with @entity3283 seen monthly, frequency of Gram staining and culturing @entity3283 , maintenance of diagnostic supplies, opinions on when culturing is necessary for @entity3283 , treatment preferences for different severities of @entity3283 , and opinions regarding relative efficacy of fourth-generation fluoroquinolones and fortified broad-spectrum antibiotics. RESULTS: One thousand seven hundred one surveys were distributed, and 486 (28.6%) surveys were returned. A minority of @entity3283 was Gram stained (23.7%  34.1%, mean  SD) or cultured (35.1%  38.0%), but @entity267 were more likely to perform both. The most popular antibiotic for the treatment of less severe @entity1066 was moxifloxacin (55.4%), and the most popular treatment of more severe @entity1066 was fortified broad-spectrum antibiotics (62.7%). Cornea specialists were significantly more likely than non- @entity267 to prescribe fortified antibiotics for more severe @entity3283 (78.1% vs. 53.7%, P<0.0001). A greater number of @entity267 stated that fourth-generation fluoroquinolones were less effective than fortified antibiotics for the treatment of more severe @entity3283 (79.6% of @entity267 vs. 60.9% of non- @entity267 , P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Cornea specialists and non- @entity267 manage @entity1036 , with @entity267 more likely to perform diagnostic testing and prescribe fortified broad-spectrum antibiotics for severe @entity1036 . Additional prospective studies demonstrating visual outcomes after differential treatment of @entity1036 are needed.

title: Community practice patterns for XXXX and treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity267 :: ('MESH:D065306', 'Disease') :: ['cornea specialists']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial keratitis', 'bacterial keratitis among U', 'bacterial keratitis differently']

entities_list: @entity3283 :: ('MESH:D003320', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial corneal ulcers', 'corneal ulcers']

answer: @entity3283 :: (MESH:D003320,Disease) :: ['bacterial corneal ulcer evaluation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess intratumor molecular heterogeneity in @entity7735 ( @entity5123 ) and to investigate if intratumor molecular heterogeneity is associated with cell proliferation or apoptotic indexes. STUDY DESIGN: Nine @entity406 -fixed paraffin-embedded samples of @entity5123 of salivary glands were included in the study. Cell proliferation was estimated by using Ki-67 immunohistochemistry, and apoptotic index was achieved by combining terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase @entity1977 nick end-labeling with morphology. A minimum of two different @entity5 areas of each sample was microdissected, and DNA was extracted. DNA extracted from the @entity5 capsule was used as normal matched control. Different @entity5 areas were at least 4  mm from one another and comprised @entity5 cell-rich areas. Loss of heterozygosity was assessed by a panel of six polymorphic microsatellite markers located at chromosomes 3 (D3 S1029), 9 (D9 S162 and D9 S157), 11 (D11 S1369), and 17 (P53 and AFM238 WF2). RESULTS: Six of nine samples showed intratumor heterogeneity on the basis of the loss of heterozygosity findings. Intratumor molecular heterogeneity did not show association with cell proliferation or apoptotic indexes (P  >  .05). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings point to the existence of intratumor molecular heterogeneity in salivary gland @entity5123 . This is an advance in the efforts to clarify @entity5123 molecular pathogenesis, showing that this characteristic is not exclusive to malignant solid @entity5 .

title: Intratumor molecular heterogeneity in XXXX of the salivary glands.

entities_list: @entity7735 :: ('MESH:C563250', 'Disease') :: ['salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

answer: @entity5123 :: (MESH:D008949,Disease) :: ['pleomorphic adenoma']


abstract: Twelve @entity511 of the bones of the feet from 11 @entity1 in the Scottish Bone Tumor Registry were reviewed. One @entity1 with @entity5607 ( @entity53272 ) developed 2 @entity511 . The mean age of @entity1 was 52.3 years (range, 17 to 83 years). @entity1 were predominantly affected. Four @entity5 affected the tarsal bones; the rest involved the short tubular bones. The usual clinical presentation was a @entity158 , progressively enlarging swelling. Radiologically, most showed some bone expansion, cortical destruction with indistinct margins, and soft-tissue extension. Histologically, the majority were middle-grade @entity5 . Treatment included curettage or local excision for 4 @entity5 and amputation or ray resection for 8 @entity5 . Follow-up varied from 6 months to 18 years (average, 5.8 years). Local recurrence after surgery was seen in 3 @entity1 . All 3 died because of metastases to the lungs or brain.

title: XXXX of the bones of the feet.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity53272 :: ('MESH:D018216', 'Disease') :: ['osteochondromatosis']

entities_list: @entity5607 :: ('MESH:D005097', 'Disease') :: ['diaphyseal aclasis']

answer: @entity511 :: (MESH:D002813,Disease) :: ['Chondrosarcoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the accuracy of combined magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and three-dimensional (3D) proton MR spectroscopic imaging in @entity263 to a sextant of the gland in @entity1 receiving hormone deprivation therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Combined MR imaging/3D MR spectroscopic imaging examinations were performed in 16 hormone-treated @entity1 and 48 nontreated matched control @entity1 before radical prostatectomy and step-section histopathologic analysis. At MR imaging, @entity5 presence within the peripheral zone was assessed on a per sextant basis by two readers. @entity5582 MR spectroscopic imaging, @entity5 was identified by using ( @entity1877 plus @entity908 )-to- @entity1792 ratios at cutoff values of 2 and 3 SDs above mean normal peripheral zone values. Data were compared by using receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the ability of combined MR imaging/3D MR spectroscopic imaging to @entity263 in treated versus control @entity1 . For MR imaging alone, the sensitivity and specificity were 91% and 48% (reader 1) and 75% and 60% (reader 2) in treated @entity1 versus 79% and 60% (reader 1) and 84% and 43% (reader 2) in control @entity1 . For 3D MR spectroscopic imaging alone (>3 SDs cutoff), higher specificity (treated, 80%; controls, 73%) but lower sensitivity (treated, 56%; controls, 53%) was attained. In treated @entity1 , high sensitivity or specificity (up to 92%) was achieved when either or both modalities indicated @entity5 . CONCLUSION: When performed within 4 months after initiating hormone deprivation therapy, combined MR imaging/3D MR spectroscopic imaging had the same accuracy in @entity263 as in nontreated @entity1 .

title: XXXX : effect of hormone deprivation therapy measured by using combined three-dimensional 1H MR spectroscopy and MR imaging: clinicopathologic case-controlled study.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localize prostate cancer', 'localizing prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Localized prostate cancer']


abstract: The coupling between arterial elastance (E(A); net afterload) and left ventricular elastance (E(LV); pump performance), known as E(A)/E(LV), is a key determinant of cardiovascular performance and shifts during exercise due to a greater increase in E(LV) versus E(A). This normal exercise-induced reduction in E(A)/E(LV) decreases with advancing age. We hypothesized that @entity1854 ( @entity4982 ) can acutely ameliorate the age-associated deficits in E(A)/E(LV). At rest and during graded exercise to exhaustion, E(A) was characterized as end-systolic pressure/ @entity64 volume and E(LV) as end-systolic pressure/end-systolic volume. Resting E(A)/E(LV) did not differ between old (70    8 yr, n = 15) and young (30    5 yr, n = 17) subjects because of a tandem increase in E(A) and E(LV) in older subjects. During peak exercise, a blunted increase in E(LV) in old (7.8    3.1 mmHg/ml) versus young (11.4    6.5 mmHg/ml) subjects blunted the normal exercise-induced decline in E(A)/E(LV) in old (0.25    0.11) versus young (0.16    0.05) subjects. @entity4982 administration to older subjects lowered resting E(A)/E(LV) by 31% via a reduction in E(A) (10%) and an increase in E(LV) (47%) and lowered peak exercise E(A)/E(LV) (36%) via an increase in E(LV) (68%) without a change in E(A). Importantly, @entity4982 attenuated the age-associated deficits in E(A)/E(LV) and E(LV) during exercise, and at peak exercise E(A)/E(LV) in older subjects on drug administration did not differ from young subjects without drug administration. In conclusion, some age-associated deficiencies in E(A)/E(LV), E(A), and E(LV), in older subjects can be acutely abolished by @entity4982 infusion. This is relevant to common conditions in older subjects associated with a significant impairment of exercise performance such as frailty or @entity712 with preserved ejection fraction.

title: Abnormalities in arterial-ventricular coupling in older healthy persons are attenuated by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

answer: @entity1854 :: (MESH:D009599,Chemical) :: ['sodium nitroprusside']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the modification effect of sex in the association between lifestyles and @entity583 ( @entity583 ). DESIGN: Population-based case-control study. Trained interviewers collected information using a standard structured questionnaire. Associations were estimated using unconditional logistic regression. The effect modification by sex was evaluated in the regression models, testing interaction terms between lifestyles and sex. SETTING: Porto, Portugal. SUBJECTS: Portuguese Caucasian adults, aged > or =18 years. Cases were @entity1 consecutively admitted with an incident @entity583 during 1999-2003 (n 918) and controls were a representative sample of non-institutionalized inhabitants of Porto with no evidence of previous clinical or silent @entity1188 (n 2316). RESULTS: Cigarette smoking was positively associated with @entity583 in both @entity1 and @entity1 (smokers >15 cigarettes/d v. never smokers: OR = 9.11, 95% CI 4.83, 17.20 for @entity1 ; OR = 3.92, 95% CI 2.75, 5.58 for @entity1 ; interaction term P value = 0.001). A significant protective effect of moderate @entity167 intake on @entity583 occurrence was found in @entity1 (0.1-15.0 g/d v. non-drinkers: OR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.31, 0.74), but not in @entity1 . Fruit and vegetable intake, vitamin and mineral supplement use and leisure-time physical activity practice were found to decrease @entity583 risk, with similar effects between sexes. CONCLUSIONS: A strong positive association between smoking and @entity583 was found in @entity1 . Also, a protective effect of moderate @entity167 intake was only found among females. Fruit and vegetable intake, vitamin and mineral supplement use and leisure-time physical activity practice were found to decrease @entity583 risk in both sexes.

title: Gender heterogeneity in the association between lifestyles and non-fatal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5202 is a disease entity in which @entity1 have (1) elevated eosinophils on esophageal biopsy and (2) symptoms of @entity354 . The symptoms do not improve on aggressive acid blockade but do improve on elimination diet or corticosteroid treatment, which tentatively links @entity5419 to this disorder. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify potential food antigens in @entity5202 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity5202 were identified by biopsy. Potential food antigens were identified prospectively by skin prick testing and patch testing, which were performed through use of standard methods. @entity1097 , demographics, and potential @entity5419 were identified. Repeat esophageal biopsies were reviewed when possible. RESULTS: A total of 26 @entity1 (22 male, 4 female) with a biopsied-confirmed diagnosis of @entity5202 underwent both skin prick testing and patch testing to identify potential causative foods. Milk and egg were the most common positive foods with skin prick testing. @entity3505 was the most common positive food with patch testing. The @entity1 were advised to avoid positive foods as identified by skin prick testing and patch testing. In all, 18 @entity1 had resolution of their symptoms, 6 @entity1 had partial improvement, and 2 were lost to follow-up. Overall, after intervention, esophageal eosinophil counts improved from 55.8 to 8.4 eosinophils per high-power field. The foods most commonly identified by @entity1 as causing symptoms were milk and egg. CONCLUSION: The combination of skin prick testing and patch testing can identify potential causative foods that might contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity5202 .

title: The use of skin prick tests and patch tests to identify causative foods in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5202 :: ('MESH:D057765', 'Disease') :: ['Eosinophilic esophagitis', 'eosinophilic esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergies']

entities_list: @entity1097 :: ('MESH:C566404', 'Disease') :: ['Atopic tendencies']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

answer: @entity5202 :: (MESH:D057765,Disease) :: ['eosinophilic esophagitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) was not intended to be used to determine the @entity64 's vascular distribution. The aim of this study was to develop, assess the reliability, and validate a computer algorithm based on the NIHSS for this purpose. METHODS: Two cohorts of @entity1 with @entity385 having similar distributions of Oxfordshire localizations (total anterior, partial anterior, lacunar, and posterior circulation) based on neuroimaging were identified. The first cohort (n   =   40) was used to develop a computer algorithm for vascular localization using a modified version of the NIHSS (NIHSS-Localization [NIHSS-Loc]) that included the laterality of selected deficits; the second (n   =   20) was used to assess the reliability of algorithm-based localizations compared to those of 2 vascular neurologists. The validity of the algorithm-based localizations was assessed in comparison to neuroimaging. Agreement was assessed using the unweighted kappa (k) statistic. RESULTS: Agreement between the 2 raters using the standard NIHSS was slight to moderate (k   =   .36, 95% confidence interval [CI] .10-.61). Inter-rater agreement significantly improved to the substantial to almost perfect range using the NIHSS-Loc (k   =   .88, 95% CI .73-1.00). Agreement was perfect when the 2 raters entered the data into the NIHSS-Loc computer algorithm (k   =   1.00, 95% CI 1.00-1.00). Agreement between the algorithm localization and neuroimaging results was fair to moderate (k   =   .59, 95% CI .35-.84) and not significantly different from the localizations of either rater using the NIHSS-Loc. CONCLUSION: A computerized, modified version of the standard NIHSS can be used to reliably and validly assign the vascular distribution of an acute @entity385 .

title: Development and Assessment of a Computer Algorithm for @entity64 Vascular Localization Using Components of the National Institutes of Health XXXX Scale.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: The demonstration of local complement protein synthesis leads to speculation as to the biological significance of this phenomenon. A narrative review is provided to illuminate several queries. It is difficult to establish a causal role for the locally produced complement because participation of systemic complement cannot be excluded. It is also difficult to discern whether local complement synthesis is a beneficial response to an inflammatory event or whether it promotes @entity3145 . Finally, it remains to be seen if the roles of local and systemic complement differ in these respects. Extrahepatic expression of complement components of the activation pathways may provide a rapid response to microbial invasion. Once produced and activated, these proteins evoke a phlogistic response composed of cells and soluble mediators of @entity32 . Many cells, not only synthesize complement proteins, but can also be stimulated via their complement receptors. This positive feedback may enhance local immune defense, especially in organs isolated from plasma components. In addition, local environmental factors in different organs may differentially regulate complement synthesis. These factors may include pro-inflammatory molecules and non-immune effectors, such as tissue @entity63 /reoxygenation and drugs. Local @entity465 due to inhibition of activity of a complement regulatory component was shown to cause disease and restoration of the capacity to regulate the complement pathway restored health. Extrahepatic complement synthesis may also modulate local cellular responses, as to decrease detrimental damage of the inflammatory reaction. The demonstration that complement proteins play a significant role in the clearance of apoptotic cells suggests that local synthesis and activation of complement may contribute not only to @entity3145 but also to tissue repair.

title: Extrahepatic synthesis of complement proteins in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['complement dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue damage']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with @entity472 ( @entity472 ), increased afterload induces changes in left ventricular (LV) geometry to preserve a normal ejection fraction (EF). Nevertheless, @entity296 may occur in spite of a normal EF. @entity6475 ( @entity6475 ) analysis can detect subtle contractile dysfunction at a pre-clinical stage. The aim of our study was to assess LV function deteriorations with @entity6475 analysis and the association with geometric changes in @entity1 with @entity472 and normal EF. METHODS: Forty four @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity472 and 40 controls were enrolled. All @entity1 underwent echocardiography, including two-dimensional strain imaging. The relative wall thickness and LV muscle mass measurements were performed with magnetic resonance imaging and @entity1 were subdivided into four groups: Group 1 with normal LV, Group 2 with concentric remodeling, Group 3 with @entity1184 , and Group 4 with @entity1184 . RESULTS: The total group of @entity1 with @entity472 showed a @entity6475 of -15.3    3.6% while the control group reached -18.9    3.2% (p < 0.001). @entity6475 was lower in the @entity1184 Groups 3 and 4 compared to Groups 1 and 2 (12.9    3.4% vs 17.2    2.5%, p < 0.05, respectively). Splitting the @entity1 into Groups 1 to 4, the @entity6475 was -17.2    2.4%, -17.2    2.7%, -12.4    3.8% and -13.1    3.3, respectively (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: In subjects with @entity472 , lower @entity6475 is related to @entity4346 , but not to the presence of concentric remodeling. Assessment of @entity6475 can identify subtle contractile dysfunction independent of a preserved EF, and might be useful in identifying @entity1 at high risk for the transition from compensatory to pathological remodeling. (Cardiol J 2011; 18, 2: 151-156).

title: XXXX to left ventricular geometry in @entity472 .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['eccentric hypertrophy', 'concentric hypertrophy', 'hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['Global longitudinal strain', 'GLS']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LV hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity6475 :: (MESH:D013180,Disease) :: ['Relation of global longitudinal strain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to address the prevalence of @entity1295 , its associated factors, and the effect of @entity39 ( @entity39 ) on this subgroup of @entity1 in a large @entity1691 (axSpA) cohort. METHODS: The study included 681 @entity1 [ @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ) and nonradiographic axSpA (nr-axSpA)]. The Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and the Bath @entity1691 Activity Index question 1 (BASDAI Q1) indices were used for @entity1295 assessment. Severe @entity1295 was defined as an FSS >=  4 or a BASDAI Q1 >=  5. Disease activity, function, and quality of life (QoL) measures were recorded. @entity1 who had been treated with @entity39 were identified, and baseline and followup data were analyzed. RESULTS: Of the cohort, 67.3% had severe @entity1295 , and the prevalence was similar between @entity1691 (67.2%) and nr-axSpA (68.2%). Severely @entity1295 @entity1 tended to have higher disease activity scores, increased acute-phase proteins, and decreased QoL measures. @entity39 therapy was associated with improvement in disease activity, and although this treatment led to significantly decreased @entity1295 scores, this reduction was not optimal in the majority of @entity1 with 80% continuing to have severe @entity1295 according to their posttreatment scores. Health Assessment Questionnaire, mean scores of BASDAI Q5 and Q6, and BASDAI enthesitis were independent predictors of @entity1295 severity. CONCLUSION: Fatigue is a common symptom in axSpA, and the burden of @entity1295 among @entity1 with nr-axSpA is similar to that seen in @entity1691 . While biologics are effective in improving disease activity, their effect on @entity1295 is more limited. In axSpA, @entity1295 remains unresponsive to @entity39 in nearly 80% of @entity1 .

title: Fatigue in @entity1691 and Nonradiographic XXXX : Analysis from a Longitudinal Observation Cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['axial spondyloarthritis', 'ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS', 'AS Disease']

entities_list: @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue', 'fatigued']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['tumor necrosis factor inhibitors', 'TNFi']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['Axial Spondyloarthritis']