abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A case report of blunt cervical spine trauma associated with @entity4 at the C3/C4 level with temporary Frankel/American @entity3510 Association Grade A @entity1688 and motion segment instability without evidence of associated @entity75 ( @entity1566 without radiological abnormality, @entity75 ). OBJECTIVES: By means of a rare and illustrative case, the reader's attention is focused on eventual marked cervical motion segment instability in SCIWORA @entity1 . SETTING: A department of Neurology in Quito, Ecuador and a department of Neurosurgery in Bern, Switzerland. METHOD: A 73-year-old @entity1 sustained blunt cervical spine trauma. After resolution of paraparesis, dynamic studies of the cervical spine revealed translational instability of C3 over C4. The @entity1 underwent segment fusion by intervertebral cage insertion and plate fixation. RESULTS: The @entity1 had recovered almost completely from tetraparesis under conservative treatment. The postoperative course was uneventful. Solid bony fusion of the C3/C4 motion segment was obtained. CONCLUSION: Despite normal cervical alignment, the lack of @entity75 and neurological recovery, magnetic resonance imaging and dynamic studies may reveal marked translational cervical motion segment instability requiring segment fusion in order to prevent ongoing damage of the spinal cord.

title: Traumatic cervical instability associated with @entity4 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Injury']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['quadriparesis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['SCIWORA lesion', 'bony lesions']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['cord oedema']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity1688 :: (MESH:D011782,Disease) :: ['temporary quadriparesis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic corticosteroid (CS) use is associated with bone mass loss. METHODS: @entity79 ( @entity79 ) was assessed in 72 @entity1 (25 males/47 premenopausal females) with @entity8 , primary (n = 35) or secondary to @entity1252 (n = 37) with normal renal function, who were taking CS, as @entity229 and/or @entity1667 , in doses > or =7.5 mg/day, for a period of at least 6 months. Cumulative dose and duration of prior CS therapy, as well as biochemical parameters and other factors contributing to @entity604 were evaluated. RESULTS: We found 37 (52%) @entity1 with LOW @entity79 (29 with @entity2331 and 8 with @entity170 ). The low @entity79 group presented a lower mean weight and body mass index (BMI) versus the normal @entity79 group (62 +/- 15 vs. 70 +/- 10 kg and 25 +/- 4 vs. 27 +/- 5, mean +/- SD, p < 0.05). The estimated @entity460 intake was lower than 400 mg/day in all @entity1 with low @entity79 , and they had taken @entity1483 as a concomitant drug for a longer mean period of time when compared to normal @entity79 @entity1 (30 +/- 29 vs. 16 +/- 27 months, p < 0.05). A higher mean number of pulses per @entity1 and mean cumulative dose of @entity1667 were observed in the low versus normal @entity79 group (7.7 +/- 4.0 vs. 5.6 +/- 4.0 pulses and 6.5 +/- 3.9 vs. 3.9 +/- 2.7 g, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest a high frequency of @entity2331 among young and premenopausal @entity1 with @entity8 given long-term corticosteroid therapy. The lower BMI and @entity460 intake, as well as the concomitant @entity1483 use, might have contributed to such a @entity604 . The higher number of pulse therapies leading to higher cumulative intravenous doses of corticosteroid mainly in @entity1988 @entity1 shows that pulse therapy may be deleterious to bone.

title: @entity2331 in @entity1 with XXXX requiring long-term corticosteroid therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular diseases']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['glomerular diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neovascular, or wet, age-related @entity1020 causes central @entity1018 and represents a major health problem in elderly @entity1 , and is currently treated with frequent intraocular injections of anti- @entity7 protein. Gene therapy might enable long-term anti- @entity7 therapy from a single treatment. We tested the safety of rAAV.sFLT-1 in treatment of wet age-related @entity1020 with a single subretinal injection. METHODS: In this single-centre, phase 1, randomised controlled trial, we enrolled @entity1 with wet age-related @entity1020 at the Lions Eye Institute and the Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (Nedlands, WA, Australia). Eligible @entity1 had to be aged 65 years or older, have age-related @entity1020 secondary to active subfoveal @entity3193 , with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 3/60-6/24 and 6/60 or better in the other eye. @entity1 were randomly assigned (3:1) to receive either 1   *   10(10) vector genomes (vg; low-dose rAAV.sFLT-1 group) or 1   *   10(11) vg (high-dose rAAV.sFLT-1 group), or no gene-therapy treatment (control group). Randomisation was done by sequential group assignment. All @entity1 and investigators were unmasked. Staff doing the assessments were masked to the study group at study visits. All @entity1 received ranibizumab at baseline and week 4, and rescue treatment during follow-up based on prespecified criteria including BCVA measured on the Early Treatment @entity6 Study (EDTRS) scale, optical coherence tomography, and @entity941 angiography. The primary endpoint was ocular and systemic safety. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01494805. FINDINGS: From Dec 16, 2011, to April 5, 2012, we enrolled nine @entity1 of whom eight were randomly assigned to receive either intervention (three @entity1 in the low-dose rAAV.sFLT-1 group and three @entity1 in the high-dose rAAV.sFLT-1 group) or no treatment (two @entity1 in the control group). Subretinal injection of rAAV.sFLT-1 was highly reproducible. No drug-related adverse events were noted; procedure-related adverse events (subconjunctival or subretinal @entity548 and mild cell debris in the anterior vitreous) were generally mild and self-resolving. There was no evidence of @entity5066 . Clinical laboratory assessments generally remained unchanged from baseline. Four (67%) of six @entity1 in the treatment group required zero rescue injections, and the other two (33%) required only one rescue injection each. INTERPRETATION: rAAV.sFLT-1 was safe and well tolerated. These results support ocular gene therapy as a potential long-term treatment option for wet age-related @entity1020 . FUNDING: National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, Richard Pearce Bequest, Lions Save Sight Foundation, Brian King Fellowship, and Avalanche Biotechnologies, Inc.

title: Gene therapy with recombinant adeno-associated vectors for neovascular age-related XXXX : 1 year follow-up of a phase 1 randomised clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity5066 :: ('MESH:C566236', 'Disease') :: ['chorioretinal atrophy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity3193 :: ('MESH:D015862', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal neovascularisation']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['macular degeneration']


abstract: In a previous report, it was shown that scaling and root planing (SRP) decreased mean pocket depth and attachment level in subjects with @entity7278 , as well as the levels and prevalence of @entity3289 , @entity2523 and @entity14148 . However, a subset of subjects in that study exhibited mean loss of attachment following SRP. The purpose of the present investigation was to seek clinical and microbiological differences between subjects who responded well or poorly to SRP. 57 subjects with @entity7278 were treated by full-mouth SRP under local anaesthetic. Clinical assessments of plaque, redness, suppuration, BOP, pocket depth and attachment level were made at 6 sites per tooth prior to and 3 months post-SRP. Attachment level measurements were repeated at each visit and differences in means between visits used to assess change. 18 subjects showed mean attachment loss 3 months post-SRP (poor response group), while 39 showed mean attachment level gain (good response group). The prevalence and levels of 40 subgingival taxa in @entity527 samples from the mesiobuccal site of each tooth (maximum 28 sites) in each subject prior to and 3 months post-SRP were assessed using checker-board DNA-DNA hybridization. The prevalence of each species was computed for each subject and averaged across subjects in the 2 treatment-response groups at each visit. Differences between groups were sought using the Mann-Whitney test. There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 response groups in any clinical parameter prior to therapy. Subjects in the good response group showed more attachment level gain at sites with baseline pocket depths of < 4 mm, 4-6 and > 6 mm than poor response subjects. Of 40 species evaluated, A. naeslundii genospecies 2 (A. viscosus), @entity14148 , @entity45356 and C. rectus were significantly higher and more prevalent pre-therapy in the good response subjects. Mean attachment level change post SRP could be predicted using multiple linear regression with A. naeslundii genospecies 2 (A. viscosus) and @entity14148 as the predictor variables (r2 = 0.373, p < 0.00001). Sites that gained > or = 2 mm of attachment post therapy showed a significant decrease in the counts of @entity2523 (7.5 +/- 3.5 to 0.2 +/- 0.2 x 10(5)), @entity14148 (8.2 +/- 3.5 to 1.8 +/- 1.1 x 10(5)) and @entity3289 (11.1 +/- 5.7 to 0.3 +/- 0.2 x 10(5)). The data of the present investigation indicate that SRP is most effective in subjects and sites with high levels of the subgingival species that this therapy affects.

title: Clinical and microbiological features of subjects with XXXX who responded poorly to scaling and root planing.

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['subgingival plaque']

entities_list: @entity14148 :: ('158', 'Species') :: ['T. denticola', 'Treponema denticola']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['adult periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity3289 :: ('28112', 'Species') :: ['B. forsythus', 'Bacteroides forsythus']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'P. gingivalis']

answer: @entity7278 :: (MESH:D055113,Disease) :: ['adult periodontitis']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess whether acute @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibition would improve myocardial perfusion and perfusion reserve in a subpopulation of normotensive @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ), both independent risk factors of @entity301 . Using positron emission tomography (PET), we investigated the response of regional myocardial perfusion to acute @entity1289 inhibition with i.v. infusion of perindoprilat (vs saline infusion as control, minimum interval 3 days) in 12 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity4346 . Myocardial perfusion was quantified with PET using @entity1568 -13 @entity3265 infused at rest and during dipyridamole hyperaemia. Twelve healthy control subjects were included in the study, five of whom were also studied with perindoprilat. Mean blood pressure in normo-albuminuric, asymptomatic @entity1 was 123+/-7/65+/-9 mmHg. Compared with controls, maximal perfusion was reduced in @entity1 (1.8+/-0.6 vs 2.5+/-1.0 ml @entity1009 ) g(-1); P<0.05), and perfusion reserve was also lower, at borderline significance (2.7+/-1.0 vs 3.6+/-1.3; P=0.059). During perindoprilat infusion, myocardial perfusion reserve in @entity1 increased to 3.9+/-0.9 ( P<0.001) due to normalisation of maximal perfusion (2.3+/-0.5 ml @entity1009 ) g(-1), P<0.01). In the five control subjects both resting and hyperaemic perfusion remained unchanged during perindoprilat infusion. It is concluded that acute @entity1289 inhibition with perindoprilat improves maximal achieved myocardial perfusion in non- @entity101 @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity4346 .

title: Myocardial perfusion in type 2 XXXX with @entity4346 : normalisation by acute @entity1289 inhibition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy', 'LVH']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The goal of this work is to establish a new dual-modal brain-mapping technique based on diffuse optical tomography (DOT) and electroencephalographic source localization (ESL) that can chronically/intracranially record optical/electroencephalography (EEG) data to precisely map @entity410 and localize the @entity410 -onset zone and associated @entity302 brain network. METHODS: The dual-modal imaging system was employed to image @entity410 in an experimental acute @entity4781 @entity35 model of @entity1625 . Depth information derived from DOT was used as constraint in ESL to enhance the image reconstruction. Groups of animals were compared based on localization of @entity410 foci, either at different positions or at different depths. RESULTS: This novel imaging technique successfully localized the @entity410 -onset zone in @entity35 induced by @entity4781 injected at a depth of 1, 2, and 3  mm, respectively. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of the depth information from DOT into the ESL image reconstruction resulted in more accurate and reliable ESL images. Although the ESL images showed a horizontal shift of the source localization, the DOT identified the @entity410 focus accurately. In one case, when the @entity4781 (BMI) was injected at a site outside the field of view (FOV) of the DOT/ESL interface, ESL gave false-positive detection of the focus, while DOT showed negative detection. SIGNIFICANCE: This study represents the first to identify @entity410 -onset zone using implantable DOT. In addition, the combination of DOT/ESL has never been documented in neuroscience and @entity302 imaging. This technology will enable us to precisely measure the neural activity and hemodynamic response at exactly the same tissue site and at both cortical and subcortical levels.

title: In vivo imaging of @entity302 foci in XXXX using a miniature probe integrating diffuse optical tomography and electroencephalographic source localization.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['focal epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity4781 :: ('MESH:C017069', 'Chemical') :: ['bicuculline methiodide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Epidemiological studies show a positive correlation between the air levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ) and @entity65 , but how PM2.5 affects cardiomyocytes has not been studied in great deal. The aim of the present study was to obtain an insight into the links among intracellular levels of reactive @entity26 species (ROS), apoptosis and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in @entity35 cardiac H9c2 cells exposed to PM2.5 . H9c2 cells were incubated with PM2.5 at 100-800   g ml(-1) to evaluate the effects of PM2.5 on cell viability, cell apoptosis, intracellular levels of ROS and expression of apoptosis-related proteins as well as activation of MAPKs. PM2.5 decreased cell viability, increased the cell apoptosis rate and intracellular ROS production in a concentration-dependent manner. PM2.5 decreased the @entity1976 / @entity2310 ratio and increased cleaved caspase-3 levels. A Western blots study showed up-regulation of phosphorylated MAPKs including extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERKs), c-Jun @entity2733 -terminal kinases (JNKs) and p38 MAPK in the PM2.5 -treated cells. The p38 MAPK inhibitor @entity40226 attenuated whereas the ERKs inhibitor @entity4286 augmented the effects of PM2.5 on apoptosis and the expression of related proteins. In conclusion, PM2.5 decreases cell viability and increases apoptosis by enhancing intracellular ROS production and activating the MAPKs signaling pathway in H9c2 cells. The MAPKs signaling pathway could be a new promising target for clinical therapeutic strategies against PM2.5 -induced @entity299 . Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Overproduction of reactive XXXX species and activation of MAPKs are involved in apoptosis induced by PM2.5 in @entity35 cardiac H9c2 cells.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac injury']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disorders']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: We examined the genetic and biochemical bases for drug resistance and the order of appearance of different mechanisms underlying the increasingly more resistant @entity19 @entity6007 cell lines established in @entity632 (ADR). In the first-step low-level resistant cell line PC4-A5 (able to grow in 5 ng/mL ADR), there was a 2-fold reduction in topoisomerase IIalpha and topoisomerase IIbeta mRNA levels, as well as topoisomerase IIalpha protein and activity levels as compared with the parental cell line. The topoisomerase IIalpha activity levels remained reduced as the cells became increasingly more resistant. In contrast, the topoisomerase II mRNA and protein levels returned to approximately the parental levels in resistant cells growing in higher drug concentrations (40-160 ng/mL). Parental cells expressed the multidrug resistance protein (MRP), but beginning with PC4-A5 MRP expression decreased and remained reduced in increasingly resistant cell lines. At high levels of ADR resistance, the cells expressed the @entity678 gene concomitant with the appearance of @entity1891 resistance and energy-dependent @entity5699 and @entity1891 efflux. @entity2041 levels, internal pH, and expression of the major vault protein (MVP) remained unchanged in all cell lines. Fluorescence microscopy revealed no alterations in @entity5699 distribution or vesicle numbers between the parental and resistant cell lines. Different resistance mechanisms emerge sequentially as cells become more resistant to ADR; the mechanisms are retained during the development of multidrug resistance (MDR). In intermediate-level MDR cell lines (PC4-A10 and PC4-A20), resistance involves an as yet undetermined mechanism(s).

title: Emergence of different mechanisms of resistance in the evolution of multidrug resistance in XXXX @entity6007 cell lines.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity5699 :: ('MESH:D003630', 'Chemical') :: ['daunomycin']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutathione']

entities_list: @entity6007 :: ('MESH:D004915', 'Disease') :: ['erythroleukemia']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: We investigated the interactions of @entity4336 meal or molasses [nonstructural @entity1735 (NSC) supplements] with a @entity1460 -sunflower meal mix or flaxseed meal [ @entity1797 ( @entity1797 ) supplements] on animal production, milk @entity1718 profile, and nutrient utilization in dairy @entity291 fed grass hay diets. Eight multiparous and 8 primiparous Jersey @entity291 averaging 135  49d in milk and 386  61kg of body weight in the beginning of the study were randomly assigned to 4 replicated 4*4 Latin squares with a 2*2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Each period lasted 19d with 14d for diet adaptation and 5d for data and sample collection. @entity291 were fed diets composed of mixed-mostly grass hay plus 1 of the following 4 concentrate blends: (1) @entity4336 meal plus a protein mix containing @entity1460 meal and sunflower meal; (2) @entity4336 meal plus flaxseed meal; (3) liquid molasses plus a protein mix containing @entity1460 meal and sunflower meal; or (4) liquid molasses plus flaxseed meal. Data were analyzed for main effects of NSC and @entity1797 supplements, and the NSC * @entity1797 supplement interactions. Significant NSC * @entity1797 supplement interactions were observed for milk urea N, milk N efficiency, and the sums of milk saturated, monounsaturated, and @entity1474 . No effect of NSC supplements was observed for nutrient intake and milk yield. However, 4% fat-corrected milk (-0.70kg/d) and energy-corrected milk (-0.60kg/d) were significantly reduced in @entity291 fed liquid molasses due to a trend to decreased concentration of milk fat (-0.17%). Diets with liquid molasses resulted in increased (+35%) concentration and yield of milk enterolactone, indicating that this @entity1 @entity24829 can be modulated by supplements with different NSC profiles. Overall, NSC and @entity1797 supplements profoundly changed the milk @entity844 profile, likely because of differences in @entity1718 intake,   (9)-desaturase indices, and ruminal biohydrogenation pathways. Feeding liquid molasses significantly reduced plasma @entity1133 N (-1.2mg/dL), urinary N excretion (-20g/d), and N digestibility (-3.2 percentage units). Flaxseed meal significantly reduced yields of milk (-1.3kg/d), milk fat (-90g/d), and milk @entity1132 (-60g/d), but significantly increased the concentration and yield of milk @entity24215 . Further research is needed to elucidate the negative responses of flaxseed meal on yields of milk and milk components.

title: Interactions of @entity4336 meal or molasses with a XXXX -sunflower meal mix or flaxseed meal on production, milk @entity844 composition, and nutrient utilization in dairy @entity291 fed grass hay-based diets.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['rumen-degradable protein', 'RDP']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity24215 :: ('MESH:C029497', 'Chemical') :: ['enterolactone']

answer: @entity1460 :: (3847,Species) :: ['soybean']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Trials demonstrating the efficacy of biologic therapy for moderate to severe @entity1751 ( @entity1751 ) have inspired new multidisciplinary treatment strategies. We present our experience with combined biologic and surgical therapy for recalcitrant @entity1751 . METHODS: Between 2011 and 2014, 21 @entity1 (57 cases) with Hurley Stage III @entity1751 underwent radical resection with delayed primary closure alone, or in combination with adjuvant biologic therapy. Demographic data, treatment regimen, outcomes, and complications were retrospectively reviewed for all cases. RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 underwent combined surgical and biologic therapy, whereas radical resection alone was performed in 10 @entity1 . The average soft tissue deficit, before closure, for the combined and surgery-only @entity1 was 56 cm and 48.5 cm, respectively (P = 0.66). Biologic agents including infliximab (n = 8) and ustekinumab (n = 3) were initiated 2 to 3 weeks after closure and were continued for an average of 10.5 months. Recurrence was noted in 19% (4/29) and 38.5% (10/26) of previously treated sites for combined and surgery-only @entity1 (P < 0.01). For the combined cohort, the disease-free interval was approximately 1 year longer on average (P < 0.001); however, this difference was reduced to 4.5 months when considering time to recurrence after cessation of biologic therapy (P = 0.09). New disease developed in 18% (2/11) and 50% (5/10) of combined and surgery-only @entity1 , respectively (P < 001). No adverse events were noted among @entity1 who received biologic therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Lower rates of recurrence and disease progression, as well as a longer disease-free interval may be achieved with the use of adjuvant biologic therapy after radical resection for recalcitrant @entity1751 .

title: Outcomes After Combined Radical Resection and Targeted Biologic Therapy for the Management of Recalcitrant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1751 :: ('MESH:D017497', 'Disease') :: ['HS', 'hidradenitis suppurativa']

answer: @entity1751 :: (MESH:D017497,Disease) :: ['Hidradenitis Suppurativa']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hemodialysis @entity1 manifest accelerated @entity731 . Hemodialysis is associated with oxidative stress, which can be partially prevented with the use of a @entity270 -coated dialyzer. Adsorption of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) has been applied in the treatment of @entity14674 ( @entity14674 ). The aim of the present study was to determine whether the @entity270 -coated dialyzer and/or LDL apheresis affects carotid @entity731 in hemodialysis @entity1 with @entity14674 . METHODS: Thirty hemodialysis @entity1 with @entity14674 were divided into four treatment groups: treatment with conventional cellulose or synthetic membranes (group A, n = 12), treatment with @entity270 -coated membrane (group B, n = 7), treatment with conventional membrane and LDL apheresis (group C, n = 6), and treatment with @entity270 -coated membrane and LDL apheresis (group D, n = 5). Carotid artery @entity121 ( @entity121 ) and arterial stiffness assessed by pulse wave velocity ( @entity122 ), plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6 were measured before and 10 weeks after treatment and compared between groups. All values were referred to measurements after LDL apheresis. RESULTS: @entity121 and @entity122 , plasma CRP and @entity650 showed little change in group A throughout the experimental period. These decreased slightly from the baseline value in group B, but the change was not significant. In group C, @entity121 decreased from 1.12 +/- 0.24 to 1.02 +/- 0.18 mm (p < 0.05), and @entity122 decreased from 2,266 +/- 380 to 1,968 +/- 342 cm/s (p < 0.05). Plasma CRP and @entity650 concentrations also decreased significantly compared with baseline (p < 0.05). In group D, @entity121 decreased from 1.18 +/- 0.26 to 0.92 +/- 0.18 mm (p < 0.01), and @entity122 decreased from 2,284 +/- 390 to 1,786 +/- 284 cm/s (p < 0.01). Plasma CRP and @entity650 levels also decreased significantly compared with baseline (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that LDL apheresis and the @entity270 -coated membrane dialysis in combination may prevent further progression of @entity731 in hemodialysis @entity1 with @entity14674 .

title: Effects of LDL apheresis and @entity270 -modified membrane on carotid @entity731 in hemodialyzed @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity14674 :: ('MESH:D001162', 'Disease') :: ['ASO', 'arteriosclerosis obliterans']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

answer: @entity14674 :: (MESH:D001162,Disease) :: ['arteriosclerosis obliterans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the efficacy of traditional administration, continuous pump injection, and closed-loop target controlled infusion of @entity2897 to determine the optimal method of drug administration, and to establish the individualized and rational administration of muscle relaxants in elderly @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 150 @entity1 who underwent spinal surgery under tracheal intubation general anesthesia in our hospital from August 2013 to April 2015 were selected. All @entity1 were administered with general anesthesia and randomly divided into three groups: group A (n = 50) was treated under closed-loop target controlled infusion (CLTCI), group B (n = 50) was treated under @entity121 monitoring, and group C (n = 50) was treated under continuous pump injection. Hemodynamic changes and blood @entity26 saturation of the three groups were observed, and the @entity121 recovery, dosage, and bleeding of the three groups were compared. RESULTS: MAP and HR of group A were significantly lower than those of group B and group C (p < 0.05). There were no cases of @entity121 in group A, five cases in group C, and 14 cases in group B, and the differences between any two groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Regarding @entity121 recovery, the time (T    1) of recovery from 10%-25% and 25%-75%, and the time from drug withdrawal to recovery to TOFr from 0.7-0.9 of group A were the shortest, followed by group C and group B. The differences between any two groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The total dosage of @entity2897 of group A was the least, followed by group C and group B, and differences between any two groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Moreover, the bleeding volume of group A (235.2    141.3 ml) was smaller than in group B (353.1    173.8 ml) and group C (316.5    155.2 ml), and differences between the three groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: For spinal surgery of elderly @entity1 , closed-loop target controlled infusion of @entity2897 was superior to continuous infusion and intravenous injection. The time of @entity121 recovery was shortened, the dosage of @entity2897 was reduced, and the number of cases of @entity121 was reduced.

title: Comparative study: efficacy of closed-looptarget controlled infusion of XXXX and other administration methods for spinal surgery of elderly @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2897 :: ('MESH:C101584', 'Chemical') :: ['cisatracurium']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['insufficient muscle relaxation', 'muscle relaxation']

answer: @entity2897 :: (MESH:C101584,Chemical) :: ['cisatracurium']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the incidence of @entity2118 induced by latanoprost ophthalmic solution in Japanese @entity726 @entity1 by a prospective and observer-masked study. @entity1 AND METHODS: Sixty-nine eyes of 69 @entity726 @entity1 were included. @entity1 who had undergone intraocular surgery, laser trabeculoplasty, and laser iridotomy within 12 months before enrollment, and @entity1 with history of @entity1596 and any changes in antiglaucoma drugs within 6 months before enrollment were excluded. Iridial photographs were taken by one examiner under the same conditions at 1, 3, and 6 months after the initiation of latanoprost treatment. Three @entity726 specialists, masked of @entity1 information, independently assessed the @entity2118 . Cases with @entity2118 diagnosed by three specialists were categorized as showing a definite increase in @entity2118 . RESULTS: A definite increase in @entity2118 occurred in 3.5%, 9.7%, and 35.0% of eyes within 1, 3, and 6 months of treatment, respectively. Age, gender, or concomitantly used eyedrops did not significantly influence the incidence of @entity2118 within 6 months of instillation. A reduction of intraocular pressure by latanoprost did not differ significantly between @entity1 with and without @entity2118 . CONCLUSION: The incidence of @entity2118 by latanoprost ophthalmic solution in Japanese @entity1 was higher than previously reported values in pigmented races.

title: Iridial pigmentation induced by latanoprost ophthalmic solution in Japanese @entity726 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['iridial pigmentation']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Goblet cell carcinoid is a rare variant of @entity2466 with mixed endocrine and exocrine features. The most common symptom and signs are @entity490 , @entity697 and palpable mass. Additionally, @entity490 is common in @entity1 on peritoneal dialysis, which may confound the diagnosis in such @entity1 . CASE PRESENTATION: We report a 71- years- old @entity1 on peritoneal dialysis that experienced several episodes of abdominal cramping @entity158 . She had one episode of severe @entity158 and underwent an appendectomy for suspicion of @entity698 . Goblet cell carcinoid was diagnosed. She had no further @entity490 after she received appendectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Malignant dialysate was rarely reported in @entity1 with peritoneal dialysis. However, @entity4303 can initially present with @entity697 , chronic intermittent @entity490 and mimicking @entity298 . In systemically reviewing the literature, this is the first case report of @entity298 with peritoneal dialysis caused by @entity4303 .

title: @entity4303 presenting with recurrent XXXX in a @entity1 on peritoneal dialysis: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity2466 :: ('MESH:D001063', 'Disease') :: ['appendiceal carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain and sterile peritonitis', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['goblet cell carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['sterile peritonitis', 'peritonitis']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['sterile peritonitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 -reperfusion (I/R) injury plays an important role in the @entity810 . The pathogenetic mechanisms potential I/R  injury is involved in apoptosis and @entity32 . @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ), a major constituent of green tea, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities. This study aimed to explore the underlying effects and mechanisms of @entity3090 on @entity8 in a @entity35 model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We induced @entity8 in @entity168 @entity35 by clamping the left renal artery for 45  min followed by 24-h reperfusion, along with a contralateral nephrectomy. We randomly allocated 30 @entity35 to three groups (n  =  10): sham group, IRI group, and @entity3090 group. We preconditioned @entity35 intraperitoneally with @entity3090 (50  mg/kg) or vehicle (50  mg/kg) 45  min before inducing @entity8 . We collected serum and kidneys at 24  h after reperfusion. Renal function and histologic damage were assessed. We also determined markers of @entity32 and apoptosis in kidneys or serum. RESULTS: @entity3090 pretreatment can significantly reduce @entity8 , histologic change and the expression of @entity5 @entity39 factor-a, @entity3426 , @entity568 , @entity2310 and cleavage @entity4124 induced by I/R injury and increase the expression of @entity2310 and @entity4124 . Moreover, @entity3090 pretreatment can further induce the activation of @entity12220 mitogen-activated protein kinase in kidney, with no influence on the expression of @entity12220 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity3090 treatment can decrease @entity8 -reperfusion injury by suppressing @entity32 and cell apoptosis. Thus, @entity3090 may represent a potential strategy to reduce @entity8 .

title: Protective effect of XXXX , a major constituent of green tea, against @entity8 -reperfusion injury in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal ischemia', 'renal ischemia', 'renal dysfunction', 'renal I/R injury']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['Epigallocatechin gallate']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

answer: @entity3089 :: (MESH:C045651,Chemical) :: ['epigallocatechin gallate']


abstract: Sdic is a new gene that evolved recently in the lineage of @entity238 . It was formed from a duplication and fusion of the gene @entity69161 , which encodes @entity69161 , and @entity62891 , which encodes the intermediate polypeptide chain of the cytoplasmic dynein. The fusion joins @entity69161 exon 4 with @entity62891 intron 3, which brings together three putative promoter elements for testes-specific expression of Sdic: the distal conserved element (DCE) and @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ) are derived from @entity69161 , and the proximal conserved element (PCE) from @entity62891 intron 3. Sdic transcription initiates within the PCE, and translation is initiated within the sequence derived from @entity62891 intron 3, continuing through a 10 base pair insertion that creates a new splice donor site that enables the new coding sequence derived from intron 3 to be joined with the coding sequence of @entity62891 exon 4. A novel protein is created lacking 100 residues at the @entity1472 end that contain sequence motifs essential for the function of cytoplasmic dynein intermediate chains. Instead, the @entity1472 end is a hydrophobic region of 16 residues that resembles the @entity1472 end of axonemal dynein intermediate chains from other organisms. The downstream portion of Sdic features large deletions eliminating @entity62891 exons v2 and v3, as well as multiple frameshift deletions or insertions. The new protein becomes incorporated into the tail of the mature sperm and may function as an axonemal dynein intermediate chain. The new Sdic gene is present in about 10 tandem repeats between the wildtype @entity62891 and @entity69161 genes located near the base of the X chromosome. The implications of these findings are discussed relative to the origin of new gene functions and the process of speciation.

title: Origin and evolution of a new gene expressed in the XXXX sperm axoneme.

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['TSE', 'testes-specific element']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: A protein encoded by At1g32080 was consistently identified in proteomic studies of Arab @entity958 oroplast envelope membranes, but its function remained unclear. The protein, designated AtLrgB, may have evolved from a gene fusion of lrgA and lrgB. In bacteria, two homologous operons, lrgAB and cidAB, participate in an emerging mechanism to control cell deat @entity204 lysis.     We aim to characterize AtLrgB using reverse genetics and cell biological and biochemical analysis.     AtLrgB is expressed in leaves, but not in roots. T-DNA insertion mutation of AtLrgB produced plants with interveinal chlorotic and premature necrotic leaves. Overexpression of full-length AtLrgB (or its LrgA and LrgB domains, separately), under the control of CaMV @entity3260 promoter, produced plants exhibiting vein @entity24194 delayed greening. At the end of light period, the T-DNA mutant had high starch and low sucr @entity969 tents in leaves, while the 35S:AtLrgB plants had low starch and high sucr @entity969 tents. Metabolite profiling revealed that AtLrgB appeared not to directly transport triose phos @entity1391 hexo @entity20251 yeas @entity375 ls, AtLrgB could augment nyst @entity8701 uced membrane permeability.     Our work indicates that AtLrgB is a new player in chloroplast development, carb @entity505 titioning and leaf senescence, although its molecular mechanism remains to be established.

title: A chloroplast envelope membrane protein containing a putative LrgB domain related to the control of bacterial XXXX and lysis is required for chloroplast development in @entity958 .

entities_list: @entity24194 :: ('MESH:D000747', 'Disease') :: ['veinal chlorosis']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity20251 :: ('MESH:D006600', 'Chemical') :: ['hexose phosphates']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity8701 :: ('MESH:D009761', 'Chemical') :: ['nystatin']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize perinatal outcomes and long-term maternal complications from @entity9818 manifested during pregnancy, and to review the clinical course and long-term follow-up of pregnant @entity1 with this condition at our institution over the past 25 years. METHODS: We identified prospectively pregnant @entity1 who met clinical and laboratory criteria for @entity2106 or @entity1381 . Their clinical and laboratory findings, response to treatment, perinatal outcomes, and long-term sequelae were then analyzed. RESULTS: Between 1972 and 1997, 11 @entity1 had 13 pregnancies complicated by @entity9818 , representing an incidence of one per 25,000 births. In three pregnancies (23%), severe and refractory disease developed before midpregnancy. In ten other pregnancies, disease developed either peripartum (62%) or several weeks postpartum (15%). In only two pregnancies with peripartum or postpartum onset of disease was there a clinical picture of severe @entity1468 . In general, the response to treatment was prompt. One @entity1 died of her @entity66 in @entity2099 , and mean follow-up of nine survivors was 8.7 years. Disease recurred at least once in 50% of these, two during a subsequent pregnancy. There was at least one serious long-term sequela in all but two survivors; these included recurrence of @entity9818 , @entity177 , severe @entity101 , chronic @entity1503 , and @entity204 . CONCLUSION: @entity9818 complicating pregnancy is rare, and with careful evaluation, it should not be confused with @entity1468 . With prompt and aggressive treatment including plasma exchange, the likelihood of immediate survival is high; however, long-term morbidity and mortality are common.

title: The long-term consequences of @entity9818 ( XXXX and @entity1381 ) in pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity9818 :: ('MESH:D057049', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic microangiopathy', 'Thrombotic microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['initial disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood-borne infections']

entities_list: @entity2099 :: ('MESH:D011254', 'Disease') :: ['early pregnancy']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia', 'atypical preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic uremic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2106 :: ('MESH:D011697', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura']

answer: @entity2106 :: (MESH:D011697,Disease) :: ['thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura']


abstract: It is well established that @entity840 , @entity95 and @entity35 are equally susceptible to experimental @entity281 with the Chinese @entity8072 , @entity2440 . However, little work has been done on the studies of the host-parasite relationships between the @entity8072 and @entity19 host. The experiments were undertaken to investigate the susceptibility, development and sexual maturity of @entity2440 in @entity19 host. The metacercariae of @entity2441 used in these experiments were isolated from the fish, @entity12109 by digestion technic. And in all these studies the @entity19 weighing around 20 g were commercially purchased and infected with the metacercariae under slightly narcotized condition with @entity4543 . The animals were starved overnight before @entity281 . The mature metacercariae, e.g. 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, 200 were given orally into stomach by means of the @entity691 tubing (intramedic, Clay Adams, Inc.PE-90/S12) respectively to each @entity19 of groups ranging 4 to l5. After various period of @entity281 , the @entity19 liver was first opened along the common bile duct and cut into small pieces for collecting and counting the worms. For the histopathological examination of the liver, the tissue specimens were fixed in @entity406 , sectioned and stained with @entity6175 - @entity1711 . Another experiment was separately set up for the study of egg laying capacity of @entity2441 in @entity19 . The following results were obtained: 1) @entity19 were successfully infected with metacercariae of @entity2441 in all cases of the groups except the group given 5 and 10 metacercariae, in which the @entity281 was not established in one case of each group. Therefore it is assumed that @entity19 are susceptible to @entity281 with this worm. In an earlier period ot @entity281 , the worms were found mostly in common bile duct and intrahepatic biliary passages with same rate, however in later period, they were seen rather in the intrahepatic biliary passages (73 %) than in common bile duct and @entity1085 . The recovery rate of fully matured adult worms (less than 10 %) was lower than that of the average recovery rate of the worms in general (22.3 %). 2)Under same age of @entity281 or even in same host, the size of collected worms showed the great variations. Oral sucker was smaller in size than ventral sucker in the early stage of @entity281 . After 11 days of @entity281 it reversed. The posterior part of body length began to elongate since 5 days after @entity281 , and therefore the ratio of antero-posterior part became l to 3. Fully matured adult worms were only collected after 30 days of @entity281 . The first positive appearance of eggs in feces was on the 17th and 18th day after @entity281 . However, the egg-laying capacity in @entity19 host seemed to be stabilized since 30 days after @entity281 . 3)Histopathologically, the @entity384 of medium to small biliary passages was noted and focal but diffusely scattered @entity39 of the liver cells with scarce inflammatory cells was also observed as well as the hepatocellular degeneration, diffuse vascular congestions and adenomatous proliferationof bile duct.

title: [The Host-Parasite Relations Of XXXX In The @entity19 : Studies On The Development Of @entity2441 In @entity19 ]

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gall bladder']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['cystic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2440 :: ('79923', 'Species') :: ['Clonorchis sinensis']

entities_list: @entity6175 :: ('CHEBI:5601', 'Chemical') :: ['haematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity12109 :: ('51549', 'Species') :: ['Pseudorasbora parva']

answer: @entity2440 :: (79923,Species) :: ['Clonorchis Sinensis']


abstract: A microbiological study of 25 cases of ovine footrot was performed. Cultures belonging to @entity28746 were isolated in 48% of the sampled animals. The sensitivity of the 99 strict anaerobic bacterial isolates to 5 antibiotics ( @entity3397 , @entity115 , @entity7912 , @entity2929 and @entity5385 ) was studied. The percentage of resistant cultures was in all cases higher than 30%. The efficacy of @entity2929 and @entity5385 in the treatment of ovine footrot was studied. To conduct this test, an intramuscular injection was applied, of one antimicrobial or the other, at the beginning of the treatment. The tolerance of animals to the antimicrobials, the success rate of treatment and the severity of @entity1273 were evaluated. The percentage of animals cured within 15 days was around 75%. In contrast, only 44% improvement was achieved in the @entity1273 . No differences were found between the two antimicrobials in the above indices.

title: Comparison of XXXX and @entity5385 for the treatment of ovine footrot.

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxycillin']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity5385 :: ('MESH:D010118', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytetracycline']

entities_list: @entity7912 :: ('MESH:D015572', 'Chemical') :: ['spiramycin']

entities_list: @entity3397 :: ('MESH:D010400', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin G']

entities_list: @entity28746 :: ('870', 'Species') :: ['Dichelobacter nodosus']

answer: @entity2929 :: (MESH:D004917,Chemical) :: ['erythromycin']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study was undertaken which evaluated the medical records and imaging studies of a subset of @entity1 managed by the spine service at Jackson Memorial Hospital who were diagnosed with an esophageal perforation in the setting of spinal surgery. OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and efficacy of a @entity121 in the repair of esophageal perforation in the setting of anterior cervical spine surgery. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The management of an esophageal @entity292 in the setting of spine surgery is challenging and starts with a prompt and accurate diagnosis. In addition to broad spectrum intravenous antibiotics, several methods have been described to repair the @entity292 , which range from enteral tube feeding, direct repair, and/or repair with a local or free @entity121 . METHODS: The review encompassed medical records, discharge summaries, operative reports, and imaging studies. Data were gathered with specific attention to demographics, primary pathology, mechanism of @entity1208 , method of spinal stabilization, method of esophageal repair, and time to initiation of oral intake. Follow-up interviews were conducted either in- @entity1 or by telephone. RESULTS: Six @entity1 were treated over the study period. There were 3 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 . The mean age was 52.8 years. Primary pathologies were penetrating @entity130 , blunt @entity130 (2 cases), @entity179 (2 cases), and @entity5 . Mechanisms of @entity1208 were penetrating @entity130 , acute iatrogenic, chronic iatrogenic (3 cases), and intubation @entity130 . The time to diagnosis ranged from immediate to 10 months. The method of spinal stabilization was anterior autograft followed by posterior instrumentation in 4 of 6 @entity1 . The method of esophageal repair was an inferiorly based @entity12014 ( @entity12014 ) flap in 4 cases, primary repair in 1 case, and esophageal diversion alone in 1 case. The time to oral intake averaged 59.2 days (range, 23-113 days) in those with a @entity12014 flap versus 153.5 days (range, 119-188 days) in those treated without a flap. CONCLUSION: The use of an @entity12014 flap for the repair of @entity1208 , in the setting of anterior cervical spine surgery, is a safe and effective tool. An @entity12014 flap appeared to improve the time in initiating oral intake without any significant morbidity.

title: The role of the @entity121 for esophageal XXXX repair in anterior cervical spine surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1208 :: ('MESH:D004935', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal injury']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity12014 :: ('MESH:C535977', 'Disease') :: ['sternocleidomastoid', 'SCM']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle flap', 'sternocleidomastoid muscle flap']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To present our experience with the treatment of adult ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction using a laparoscopic Hellstr  m vascular relocation technique. METHODS: Transperitoneal laparoscopy was performed in 35 @entity1 for the management of @entity4145 . In 9 cases, we identified crossing lower pole vessels and performed the Hellstr  m technique. We discuss our indications, intraoperative techniques, and outcomes when performing only vascular relocation in these @entity1 . RESULTS: All 9 @entity1 presented with long-standing @entity812 and were identified as having @entity4145 (7 primary, 2 secondary) on radiographic imaging. The intraoperative decision to perform the Hellstr  m technique was based on the presence of the crossing vessels, a grossly normal appearance of the ureter and UPJ, and a small renal pelvis. The crossing vessels were completely mobilized, displaced cephalad, and fixed using intracorporeal sutures. The mean operative time and @entity190 was 164 minutes and 15 mL, respectively. At a mean follow-up of 19 months (range 14 to 31), the @entity1 were asymptomatic with no evidence of obstruction on Lasix nuclear renography. CONCLUSIONS: Traditional treatment of @entity4145 , with or without crossing vessels, has been accomplished by pyeloplasty. Dismembered pyeloplasty is a standard method in cases of associated crossing vessels; however, we propose that the Hellstr  m technique be considered in cases in which the ureter appears normal and the pelvic anatomy is unfavorable for transection and anterior reanastomosis of the ureter and pelvis. These considerations are particularly relevant during the laparoscopic approach in which intracorporeal suturing and knot tying are technically challenging.

title: Hellstr  m technique revisited: laparoscopic management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['flank pain']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity4145 :: ('MESH:C537373', 'Disease') :: ['UPJ obstruction']

answer: @entity4145 :: (MESH:C537373,Disease) :: ['ureteropelvic junction obstruction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although thought to have common immunopathological processes, concomitant occurrence of @entity5929 ( @entity5929 ) and @entity56 ( @entity56 ) appears to be rarely reported as to date only five detailed case reports are available. OBJECTIVE: To present a review of seven cases of concomitant @entity5929 and @entity56 , three of whom were earlier reported for their unusual presentations. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity5929 with nasal symptoms were evaluated radiologically. Consent was taken for antral wash and/or Caldwell-Luc operation in those with radiological evidence of @entity1244 and the material was sent for histopathological and mycological studies. RESULTS: Of the 95 @entity1 with @entity5929 , 22 had radiological evidence of @entity1244 . Nine consented to surgery, seven of whom were diagnosed as concomitant @entity56 . Nasal symptoms preceded chest symptoms in two @entity1 , vice versa in one and occurred simultaneously in four. Familial occurrence of @entity5929 , @entity11294 and collapse with effusion along with an operated aspergilloma were seen in one @entity1 each. @entity358 and central @entity4595 were seen in all @entity1 . Computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses, carried out in six @entity1 , revealed mucosal thickening with @entity75 , without any bony @entity2681 or destruction. All @entity1 had positive skin tests, positive precipitin study and raised total and specific IgE. Allergic mucin was seen in all @entity1 , fungal hyphae in five, and culture grew Aspergillus spp. in four. All @entity1 responded favourably to oral @entity617 . CONCLUSION: Concomitant occurrence of @entity5929 and @entity56 seems to be infrequently recognized. Since @entity565 and @entity1244 are often seen by two different specialities, the occurrence of @entity56 in @entity5929 and @entity5929 in @entity56 may easily be overlooked.

title: Concomitant XXXX and @entity56 : a review of an uncommon association*.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hyperdense lesions']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Transient pulmonary infiltrates']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['AAS', 'allergic Aspergillus sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity5929 :: ('MESH:D001229', 'Disease') :: ['ABPA', 'allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity11294 :: ('MESH:D008878', 'Disease') :: ['middle lobe syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity5929 :: (MESH:D001229,Disease) :: ['allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis']


abstract: AIM: To report the successful clinical and radiographic outcome of a regenerative endodontic treatment. SUMMARY: A 16-year-old male @entity1 presented with a discoloured, maxillary left lateral incisor with a @entity14479 . Radiographic examination revealed an incompletely developed root with an open apex. Under local anaesthesia and rubber dam isolation, an access cavity was prepared and the @entity39 pulpal remnants were removed. The canal was disinfected without mechanical instrumentation with 5.25% NaOCl solution and dried with sterile paper points. A triple antibiotic ( @entity868 , @entity2177 and @entity1214 ) mixed with distilled water was packed in the canal and left for 28  days. Ten millimetres of whole blood was drawn by venipuncture from the @entity1 antecubital vein for preparation of platelet-rich plasma (PRP). After removal of the antibiotic mixture, the PRP was injected into the canal space up to the cementoenamel junction level. Three millimetres of white MTA was placed directly over the PRP clot. Two days later, the tooth was restored with permanent filling materials. The @entity1 was recalled for 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36  months clinical/radiographic follow-up. A 3-year follow-up radiograph revealed @entity1548 , increased thickening of the root walls, further root development and continued apical closure of the root apex. The tooth was not responsive to cold tests; however, sensitivity tests with an electric pulp tester (EPT) elicited a delayed positive response. KEY LEARNING POINTS: Regeneration is a viable treatment modality that allows continued root development of immature teeth with open apices and @entity39 pulps. Platelet-rich plasma appears to be a suitable scaffold for regeneration of vital tissues in teeth with a @entity39 pulps and an associated @entity1548 . Regenerative endodontic procedures may offer an effective treatment option to save teeth with compromised structural integrity.

title: Regenerative endodontic treatment of an immature tooth with a XXXX and apical periodontitis using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA): a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1214 :: ('MESH:D008911', 'Chemical') :: ['minocycline']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity14479 :: ('MESH:D003790', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic pulp']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity1548 :: ('MESH:D010483', 'Disease') :: ['resolution of the periapical lesion', 'periapical lesion']

answer: @entity14479 :: (MESH:D003790,Disease) :: ['necrotic pulp']


abstract: The roles of DNA and @entity32350 interactions in determining the overlapping and distinct functions of the @entity375 cell cycle regulatory transcription factors @entity23470 and @entity23471 were examined. Full-length recombinant @entity23470 and @entity23471 were purified and their binding to bona fide promoters examined in vitro. Each protein bound a variety of target promoters with similar specificity in vitro, consistent with the observation that these proteins bind common promoters in vivo. However, in vivo, the @entity23470 and @entity23471 occupied different target promoters to different extents, suggesting that each was primarily responsible for controlling a different set of genes. Additional in vitro studies provided a mechanistic explanation for this differential promoter-occupancy. Specifically, the @entity23471 , but not the @entity23470 , was capable of binding cooperatively with @entity32350 . The @entity32350 - @entity23471 cooperative binding was enhanced by, but did not require, the presence of a @entity32350 -binding site within a target promoter. Consistent with these data, @entity32350 was present at Fkh-controlled promoters in vivo regardless of whether they contained @entity32350 -binding sites, suggesting a role for @entity32350 at promoters not thought previously to be under @entity32350 control. Analysis of @entity23470 and @entity23471 binding to promoter targets in vivo by use of mutant strains indicated that the two proteins compete for promoter-occupancy at a number of target promoters. We postulate that @entity23470 and a stable @entity23471 / @entity32350 complex compete for binding to target promoters and that the levels and/or binding activity of @entity23470 , but not @entity23471 , are most limiting for promoter-occupancy in vivo. Interestingly, the in vitro DNA-binding assays, using a variety of promoter targets, revealed that bona fide Fkh target promoters contained two or more Fkh-binding sites that allowed the @entity23470 and @entity23471 proteins to form multiple protein-DNA complexes in vitro. Multiple Fkh-binding sites may be a distinguishing feature of bona fide Fkh promoters in @entity375 and other organisms.

title: Mechanisms controlling differential promoter-occupancy by the @entity375 forkhead proteins @entity23470 and XXXX : implications for regulating the cell cycle and differentiation.

answer: @entity23471 :: (855656(Tax:4932),Gene) :: ['Fkh2p']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Very little is known about the pharmacokinetics of chemotherapeutic agents in @entity1 also being treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. We sought to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of @entity900 and @entity1487 in plasma and peritoneal dialysate in a @entity1 being treated for @entity420 . METHODS: A single @entity1 with @entity420 and on peritoneal dialysis for @entity454 was treated with @entity900 25  mg/m(2) on day 1 of weeks 1 and 5 and continuous infusional @entity1487 1000  mg/m(2)/day on days 1-4 of weeks 1 and 5 along with daily radiation therapy. Intense plasma and dialysate sampling was performed during the week 5 administration, followed by quantitation of @entity902 by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and @entity1487 by LC-MS/MS. RESULTS: Following systemic administration, clearance of ultrafilterable (active) @entity902 over the first 6  h was 20.8  L/h, which is lower than previously reported clearance levels of ultrafilterable @entity902 . Total @entity902 AUC was 131   g  h/mL, also higher than an AUC previously reported for total @entity902 in @entity1 with normal renal function. @entity902 -related material was detected in the peritoneal cavity, but this is likely inactive. @entity1487 penetrated the intraperitoneal cavity, but the contribution of peritoneal dialysis to drug clearance was negligible at 0.072  %. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of intravenous @entity900 and @entity1487 chemotherapy to a @entity1 treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis is feasible, but clearance in dialysate is nominal, thus suggesting that dose reduction is indicated for @entity900 . Systemic drug administration results in limited intraperitoneal penetration of @entity1487 and inactive @entity902 species.

title: A pharmacokinetic analysis of @entity900 and XXXX in a @entity1 with esophageal cancer on peritoneal dialysis.

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum', 'platinum']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-Fluorouracil', '5-fluorouracil']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether there are differences in @entity341 ( @entity341 ) @entity1 management associated with emergency physician (EP) sex, specifically in terms of ordering investigations and hospital admissions. METHODS: We included all EPs working as consultants for at least 24 consecutive months at a Spanish @entity341 during an 8-year period. Every annual period was considered independently. The classificatory variable was EP sex. For every annual period we compiled age and years of experience of each EP, the number of @entity1 who attended, and @entity1 distribution in triage categories. To analyze @entity341 resource use by each EP and period, we recorded percentages of blood tests, radiography, ultrasonography, computerized tomography (CT) scan, and hospital admission orders. RESULTS: Fifty EPs (27 @entity1 and 23 @entity1 ) were included, 291 annual periods were analyzed (132 for @entity1 and 159 for @entity1 ) and 256   524 @entity1 attendances were recorded (114   086 by @entity1 and 142   438 by @entity1 ). Blood tests were ordered in 57.2% of cases, radiography in 58.0%, ultrasounds in 5.0%, CT scans in 7.0%, and hospitalizations in 28.4%. Compared with @entity1 , @entity1 ordered 6.8% (95% confidence interval 6.1-7.5%) more blood tests, 4.6% (4.3-5.3%) more radiographies, 15.2% (11.6-18.9%) more ultrasonographies, 11.1% (8.1-14.1%) more CT scans, and 12.1% (10.8-13.4%) more hospitalizations. These differences maintained statistical significance in the stratified analysis by EP experience, and were observed for most of the years analyzed. CONCLUSION: Female EPs order more investigations and admit more @entity1 , although from our results the reason for this is unclear, and the impact on healthcare effectiveness and @entity1 outcome is unknown.

title: Emergency physician sex and XXXX resource use.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this retrospective study was to present our experience using condylar buttress plate in the treatment of @entity3330 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 underwent open reduction and internal fixation with condylar buttress plates for @entity3330 from October 2000 through May 2010. @entity1 demographics, type of @entity174 , treatment, complications, results achieved, and follow-up assessment were reviewed. The @entity174 were classified with the AO system. The functional outcome was rated according to Schatzker and Lambert criteria. RESULTS: There were 22 @entity1 and 10 @entity1 with an average age was 44 (range 19-87) years. The @entity174 were classified as A1 (n  =  7; 21.8%), A2 (n  =  4; 12%), A3 (n  =  5; 15.6%); C1 (n  =  4; 12.5%), C2 (n  =  6; 18.8%), and C3 (n  =  6; 18.8%). The mean delay from @entity130 was 15 (range 1-27) days. Iliac bone graft was performed in four @entity1 . Postoperatively, a posterior splint or a plaster cast was applied for 3 weeks. No @entity1 had an intra-articular step-off of more than 2  mm. @entity295 of the operative wound occurred in two @entity1 . @entity174 healed in 22 (91.7%) @entity1 with a mean duration of 4 (range 3-8) months. Twenty-four @entity1 were followed up on an average of 15 (range 7-28) months. @entity85 (>10  ) was observed in five (20.8%) @entity1 . Knee flexion was less than 90   in 11 (45.3%) cases. Non-union occurred in two (8.3%) @entity1 . Functional results were good to excellent in 11 (45.8%) @entity1 and considered as fair or failure in 13 (54.2%). CONCLUSION: The current report also identifies @entity85 as a major concern of this implant. The main finding of this study was the ensuing knee stiffness after a prolonged immobilization and delay in performing surgery and rehabilitation program due to socioeconomic and logistic reasons.

title: XXXX treated with condylar buttress plate in a West African hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['Varus deformity', 'varus deformity']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['distal femoral fractures']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury to operation']

answer: @entity3330 :: (MESH:D005264,Disease) :: ['Distal femoral fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Risk factors beyond @entity286 smoking associated with chronic @entity3617 are not well understood. We sought to describe the prevalence and risk factors of chronic @entity3617 across four distinct settings in Peru with overall low prevalence of @entity286 smoking yet varying degrees of urbanization, daily exposure to biomass fuel smoke and living at high altitude. METHODS: We analyzed data of 2,947 @entity1 from rural and urban Puno, Lima and Tumbes including spirometry, blood samples, anthropometry and administered questionnaires about respiratory symptoms. We used multivariable Poisson regression to assess biologic, socioeconomic and environmental risk factors associated with chronic @entity3617 . RESULTS: Overall prevalence of chronic @entity3617 was 5.9% (95%CI 5.1%-6.9%) with variation by setting: prevalence was lower in semi-urban Tumbes (1.3%) vs. highly urbanized Lima (8.9%), urban Puno (7.0%) and rural Puno (7.8%; p < 0.001). @entity3311 was more common among @entity1 with vs. without @entity1030 based on FEV1/FVC< LLN (12.1% vs 5.6%, p < 0.01) and it was associated with increased reporting of @entity1353 on exertion (p < 0.001), hospitalization (p = 0.003) and workdays missed due to respiratory symptoms (p  <  0.001). Older age (Prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.23 for each 10-years of age, 95%CI 1.09-1.40) past history of @entity565 (PR = 2.87, 95%CI 1.80-4.56), urbanization (PR  =  3.34, 95%CI 2.18-5.11) and daily exposure to biomass fuel smoke (PR = 2.00, 95%CI 1.30-3.07) were all associated with chronic @entity3617 . CONCLUSIONS: We found important variations in the prevalence of chronic @entity3617 across settings. Prevalence increased with both urbanization and with daily exposure to biomass fuel smoke. Having chronic @entity3617 was also associated with worse @entity1 -centered outcomes including @entity1353 , hospitalization and missed workdays.

title: Urbanization and Daily Exposure to Biomass Fuel Smoke Both Contribute to XXXX Risk in a Population with Low Prevalence of Daily @entity286 Smoking.

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3311 :: ('MESH:D029481', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic bronchitis']

answer: @entity3311 :: (MESH:D029481,Disease) :: ['Chronic Bronchitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity995 suppressor pathway is frequently inactivated in @entity1 @entity5 , enabling unrestrained proliferation. Most @entity5 , however, maintain expression of a wild-type (WT) @entity995 suppressor protein ( @entity996 ). It is generally in a hyperphosphorylated state (ppRB) because of mutations in upstream regulators such as @entity986 and cyclin D. Hyperphosphorylated ppRB is considered inactive, although data are emerging that suggest it can retain some function. To test the clinical relevance of @entity996 status, we obtained archival tissue sections from 91 cases of @entity2220 resected between 2003 and 2008. All cases received @entity902 doublet chemotherapy, and the median survival was 5.9 years. All cases were assessed for @entity996 and ppRB using immunohistochemistry and quantified based on intensity of signal and proportion of positive cells. @entity996 expression was lost in 15% of @entity2220 cases. In @entity5 that did not express @entity996 , the survival rate was significantly improved (hazard ratio, 0.21; 95% confidence interval, 0.06-0.69; P = .01) in comparison to @entity5 that express @entity996 . @entity996 status was found to be an independent predictor of overall survival on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 0.22; 95% confidence interval, 0.07-0.73; P = .01) along with increased stage and age. @entity996 status did not alter baseline levels of apoptotic or proliferative markers in these @entity5 , but the DNA damage response protein 53 @entity23380 was higher in @entity5 with high levels of @entity996 . In summary, loss of @entity996 expression is associated with improved survival in @entity1 treated with surgical resection and chemotherapy. This may be useful in classifying @entity1 at greatest benefit for aggressive treatment regimes.

title: @entity995 tumor suppressor correlates with improved outcome in @entity1 with XXXX treated with surgery and chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma tumor']

answer: @entity2220 :: (MESH:C538231,Disease) :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Renal histological injury patterns in @entity164 2 @entity6 are heterogeneous. We compared renal histological injury patterns using renal biopsy findings with renal function and followed up renal functional changes in normoalbuminuric and microalbuminuric @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 to determine whether renal function progresses according to injury patterns. DESIGN SETTING @entity1 AND MEASUREMENTS: We examined 111 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 with percutaneous renal biopsy (78 @entity1 , 52  11   years old, 59 normoalbuminuria, 52 microalbuminuria) and followed up 37 cases for 11   years. Light microscopy of tissues revealed @entity8 patterns as: category I (CI), normal or near-normal structure; @entity1605 ( @entity1605 ), typical @entity2316 ; category III (CIII), atypical (disproportionately severe @entity1504 with no/mild @entity8 ). RESULTS: There were 29 CI, 62 @entity1605 , and 20 CIII @entity1 . @entity1605 @entity1 had a higher frequency of @entity740 ( @entity740 ) G3-4, while the injury pattern distribution was not different among the @entity633 stages. The mean glomerular volume and volume fraction of cortical interstitium were larger than those of controls. The @entity6517 index was larger in @entity1605 and CIII, while the percent @entity8 was larger in @entity740 G3-4 compared with @entity740 G1-2. Renal function at follow-up was decreased in @entity1605 and CIII compared with the baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), while the @entity5017 decline rate was faster in @entity1605 . CONCLUSIONS: In normoalbuminuric and microalbuminuric @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 , loss of @entity5017 could indicate typical @entity6 and a high frequency of @entity8 . Urinary biomarkers identifying histological patterns of @entity8 are necessary because @entity5017 decline rates differed according to histological injury patterns.

title: Renal histological heterogeneity and functional progress in normoalbuminuric and microalbuminuric Japanese XXXX with @entity164 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['global glomerular sclerosis', 'glomerulopathy', 'renal injury']

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['category II', 'CII']

entities_list: @entity6517 :: ('MESH:D057770', 'Disease') :: ['arteriolar hyalinosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic glomerulosclerosis', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic glomerulopathy']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['tubulointerstitial/vascular damage']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The topography of medium (M)- and short (S)-wavelength sensitive cone photoreceptors was studied in the domestic pig retina. Antisera specific for M or S opsin as well as cone photoreceptor proteins arrestin and alpha-transducin were used to label cone types. Retinal wholemounts and their blood vessel patterns were drawn and specific regions removed. The wholemounts were immunocytochemically labelled to detect both M and S cones, and the specific regions labelled to detect S cones. Cones were counted in a 1 mm grid pattern, using the drawings as a guide. @entity1707 retina has a high cone density retinal streak extending across the retina covering the optic disc (OD) and horizontal meridian. Densities in the streak are 20,000-35,000 mm(-2). Two higher peaks occur in the streak, one in temporal retina near the OD (39,000 mm(-2)) and the other in nasal retina 5-7 mm from the OD (40,500 mm(-2)). The lowest cone density is in far peripheral inferior retina (7000 mm(-2)). The total number of cones in @entity1707 retina is 17-20 million. Both types of cones are found throughout the retina, with S cone percentages ranging from 7.4 to 17.5% in no consistent topographical pattern. S cones have an irregular local distribution which can vary from a regular hexagonal pattern to small clusters of adjacent S cones to small areas lacking S cones. Double-label immunocytochemistry found that virtually all S cone @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) contain some M opsin. M cone @entity1347 do not label at detectible levels for S opsin. @entity12526 retina is widely available, large, has a high cone density and has two types of cones. This tissue should be an excellent source for biochemical analysis of cone proteins, and for in vitro approaches to understanding cone survival factors.

title: Distribution and density of medium- and short-wavelength selective cones in the XXXX retina.

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'outer segments']

answer: @entity12526 :: (9825,Species) :: ['domestic pig']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report our experience with post-chemotherapy nerve-sparing @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) for @entity2971 ( @entity2971 ). METHODS: Between 1994 and 2008, 92 @entity1 with advanced @entity2971 underwent @entity1600 after multiple treatments with systemic chemotherapy at our institution. A nerve-sparing @entity1600 was carried out in 78 @entity1 (84.8%; median age 32 years). Of them, 19 had a @entity4797 and 59 had a @entity4797 . RESULTS: Lumbar splanchnic nerves controlling ejaculatory function were macroscopically preserved during @entity1600 . Bilateral and unilateral lumbar splanchnic nerves were preserved in 40 @entity1 and 38 @entity1 , respectively. Sixty-five @entity1 could be evaluated for ejaculation. Fifty-four @entity1 (83.1%) achieved antegrade ejaculation with a median postoperative interval of 3 months (range: 1-10 months). Twenty-eight @entity1 (28/30: 93.3%) and 26 @entity1 (26/35: 74.3%) undergoing bilateral and unilateral nerve-sparing @entity1600 had antegrade ejaculation, respectively (P = 0.041). Only two @entity1 (2.6%) had mediastinal and retroperitoneal recurrences during a median follow-up of 42 months (range: 1-138 months), respectively. However, these @entity1 were cured by chemotherapy and surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Post-chemotherapy nerve-sparing @entity1600 preserves ejaculatory function in the majority of @entity1 with advanced @entity2971 without increasing the risk of local recurrence.

title: Post-chemotherapy nerve-sparing XXXX for @entity2971 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4797 :: ('MESH:D018239', 'Disease') :: ['non-seminoma', 'seminoma']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['RPLND', 'retroperitoneal lymph node dissection']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['advanced germ cell tumor', 'GCT']

answer: @entity1600 :: (MESH:D014388,Disease) :: ['retroperitoneal lymph node dissection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical expression of @entity195 likely occurs when the accumulation of degeneration in specific brain regions leads to the descent below a critical threshold of "brain reserve" beyond which normal cognitive function cannot be maintained. The association between @entity135 ( @entity135 ), a measure of brain reserve, and the incidence of probable @entity195 was examined in a large nondemented cohort that has been followed since 1992 and its modification by @entity2204 epsilon 4 genotype. METHODS: Fifty-nine incident cases of probable @entity195 were identified from 1,869 initially nondemented individuals seen at the baseline examination (1992 to 1994) and followed for a mean of 3.8 years. Variables measured at baseline included age, education, gender, @entity135 , height, weight, and score on the National Adult Reading Test-Revised. @entity2204 was genotyped at the time of the first biennial examination (1994 to 1996) and was available for 1,111 individuals in the cohort. Cox proportional hazard regression was performed to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for probable @entity195 for @entity135 and other covariates. RESULTS: Incident cases were significantly older, less educated, shorter, and lighter, had lower estimated verbal IQ scores, and were more likely to have at least one @entity2204 epsilon 4 allele than unaffected individuals. The HR associated with the lowest tertile of @entity135 (<21.4 inches) adjusted for education, gender, and @entity2204 epsilon 4 was 2.3 (95% CI 0.7 to 6.9, p = 0.16). The HR for one or two @entity2204 epsilon 4 alleles was significant (HR = 4.8, 95% CI 1.8 to 12.9, p = 0.002). The combination of low @entity135 and @entity2204 epsilon 4 strongly predicted earlier onset of @entity195 with HR = 14.1 (95% CI 3.0 to 65, p = 0.0007). CONCLUSIONS: Smaller @entity135 , in the presence of the @entity2204 epsilon 4 allele, hastens the age at onset of @entity195 . These results support the brain reserve hypothesis and its importance in precipitating the clinical expression of @entity195 among genetically predisposed individuals.

title: Head circumference and incident @entity195 : modification by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['HC', 'head circumference']

answer: @entity2204 :: (348,Gene) :: ['apolipoprotein E']


abstract: @entity5316 / @entity5316 , located on chromosome band 21q22, is one of the most important hematopoietic transcription factors. @entity5316 is frequently affected in @entity1778 and @entity2590 with 21q22 translocations. Recently, @entity5316 mutations were found in adult @entity1583 , especially @entity3052 ( @entity3052 )-M0 or @entity1778 with acquired trisomy 21, and @entity1423 with a predisposition toward @entity3052 . Through the use of polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis, we examined the @entity5316 gene for mutations in 241 @entity1 with pediatric @entity1583 , and we detected @entity5316 mutations in seven @entity1 (2.9%). Deletion was found in one @entity1 , and point mutations in four @entity1 , including three missense mutations, two silent mutations, and one mutation within an intron resulting in an abnormal splice acceptor site. All of the mutations except for one were heterozygous. Mutations within the runt domain were found in six of seven @entity1 . Six of seven @entity1 with @entity5316 mutations were diagnosed with @entity3052 , and one had @entity981 . In three of these seven @entity1 , @entity3052 evolved from other @entity1503 . @entity5316 mutations were found in two of four @entity3052 and two of three @entity1 with acquired trisomy 21. @entity1 with @entity5316 mutations tended to be older @entity1 . Three of four @entity1 with @entity5316 mutations who received @entity8 ( @entity8 ) are alive, whereas the remaining three @entity1 with mutations without @entity8 died. These results suggest that @entity5316 mutations in pediatric @entity1583 are infrequent, but are possibly related to @entity3052 , acquired @entity1778 . These @entity1 may have a poor clinical outcome.

title: @entity5316 / @entity5316 mutations are infrequent, but related to @entity3052 , acquired @entity1778 in pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['SCT', 'stem cell transplantation']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['familial platelet disorder']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML-M0', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemia', 'trisomy 21, and leukemic transformation']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

answer: @entity1583 :: (MESH:D019337,Disease) :: ['hematologic malignancies']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity299 ( @entity299 ) is the most prevalent @entity851 in @entity1 and is the most common non-infectious cause of @entity1 morbidity and mortality. Increasing evidence demonstrates that genetic defects are involved in the pathogenesis of @entity299 . However, @entity299 is genetically heterogeneous, and the genetic determinants underpinning @entity299 in most @entity1 remain unknown. In this study, the whole coding region of the @entity20195 gene (isoform c) was sequenced in 185 unrelated @entity1 with @entity299 . The available relatives of a mutation carrier and 300 unrelated healthy individuals used as controls were also genotyped for @entity20195 . The functional characteristics of the mutation were delineated by using a dual-luciferase reporter assay system. As a result, a novel heterozygous @entity20195 mutation, @entity69079 , was identified in a @entity1 with @entity215 ( @entity215 ). Genetic analysis of the index @entity1 's pedigree showed that the mutation co-segregated with @entity215 . The mutation was absent in 600 reference chromosomes. Biochemical analysis revealed that the @entity69079 -mutant @entity20195 is associated with significantly reduced transcriptional activity compared with its wild-type counterpart. Furthermore, the mutation markedly decreased the synergistic activation between @entity20195 and @entity21505 . This study firstly associates @entity20195 loss-of-function mutation with increased susceptibility to @entity215 , providing novel insight into the molecular mechanism of @entity299 .

title: XXXX loss-of-function mutation contributes to @entity215 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['developmental abnormality']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital heart disease', 'CHD']

answer: @entity20195 :: (5308,Gene) :: ['PITX2']


abstract: Genetic influences are thought by many to play an important role in the cause of @entity191 . We studied two closely intermarried families (Family G) whose ancestors immigrated to the United States from Russia. We investigated this family clinically, genealogically, and pathologically. Our pedigree contained 102 members spanning six generations, with 10 affected individuals and 1 affected spouse. Detailed telephone interviews were conducted with affected individuals, with their spouses, and with their at-risk siblings. Medical records of deceased and living affected @entity1 were collected. Physical examinations were performed on 7 at-risk and 5 affected @entity1 . Typical levodopa-responsive @entity304 with @entity2845 , @entity2003 , resting @entity400 , and impaired postural reflexes was seen in 4 members, @entity303 was present in 3, and 3 had both @entity303 and @entity304 . An autopsy completed on 1 individual, our index case, demonstrated Lewy bodies in the brainstem and neocortex and ubiquitin-positive @entity528 in the CA2-3 region of the hippocampus, consistent with the limbic (transitional) form of @entity1832 . This family is distinct both clinically and pathologically from several previously reported @entity191 kindreds.

title: @entity304 , XXXX , and @entity1832 : study of family G.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'parkinsonian']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['bradykinesia']

entities_list: @entity1832 :: ('MESH:D020961', 'Disease') :: ['Lewy body disease']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuritic degeneration']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bone marrow-derived cells have been shown to contribute to endothelial replacement after @entity1317 . In vitro culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells produces cells with phenotypic characteristics of endothelium. To test the hypothesis that delivery of autologous culture-modified mononuclear cells (CMMCs) to injured arteries could attenuate the vascular response to injury, a @entity95 model was studied. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity95 peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured in endothelial growth media for 7 to 12 days, yielding highly proliferative cells with distinct endothelial phenotype (expressing CD31 and endothelial @entity842 synthase and capable of acetylated LDL uptake). A @entity95 model of @entity130 was used to evaluate the effect of day 7 CMMC delivery on vascular responses. Animals underwent @entity130 and immediate delivery of autologous CMMCs or buffered saline by 20 minutes of local dwelling. Fluorescence-labeled CMMCs were detected in all vessel layers 4 weeks after delivery. Colonies of cells that localized to the lumen and stained for endothelial markers were also identified. Local CMMC administration at the time of @entity130 accelerated reendothelialization at 4 weeks compared with saline (P<0.05). Moreover, CMMC delivery markedly improved endothelium-dependent vasoreactivity at 4 weeks compared with saline (P<0.005). Finally, CMMC treatment reduced neointimal formation by 55% at 4 weeks (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that delivery of CMMCs to balloon-injured arteries is associated with accelerated reendothelialization, enhanced endothelium-dependent vasoreactivity, and reduced neointimal formation. Thus, delivery of autologous CMMCs represents a novel vasculoprotective approach to attenuate the response to acute @entity1317 .

title: Autologous culture-modified mononuclear cells confer vascular protection after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbit', 'Rabbit']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['balloon carotid injury', 'balloon injury']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['arterial injury']


abstract: A 14 months old male @entity1 was admitted into Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Bangladesh, with fever, watering, swelling, @entity2194 and running nose. On initial examination, @entity1 was febrile, toxic, right-sided severe @entity5768 , @entity1319 , @entity3169 and exposure @entity735 . A sluggish pupillary light reaction was present in the right eye. Visual acuity was not recordable. CT scan of Brain and Orbit revealed, retrobulbar abscess of right orbit. The left eye was normal. The abscess was drained through a wide bore needle. The extraocular motility improved and pupil became brisk with a reduction in the temperature and toxic signs within 48 hours following surgery. Proptosis at the time of discharge from the hospital was @entity735 with no other complication. Post operative 8 months follow up period was excellent.

title: Retrobulbar abscess in a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['redness of right eye']

entities_list: @entity5768 :: ('MESH:D005094', 'Disease') :: ['proptosis']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['absent in the right eye', 'keratitis of right eye']

entities_list: @entity3169 :: ('MESH:D003229', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctival chemosis']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['restricted ocular movement']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation between @entity1714 and @entity6 . STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Eye Department of Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore General Hospital, from August 2012 to February 2013. METHODOLOGY: A total of 258 @entity1 suffering from type-2 @entity6 were included. Axial length was measured by two optometrists using contact type ultrasound biometer. Colored retinal photographs, red free retinal photographs and Fundus Fluorescein Angiography (FFA) were performed on all @entity1 using standard fundus camera. All fundus photographs and angiograms were independently reviewed and graded by two qualified vitreoretinal fellows. RESULTS: Out of 258 @entity1 , 163 were males (63.2%) and 95 (36.8%) were females. Average age of @entity1 was 56.30    7.57 years. Average axial length of right and left eyes were 23.16 mm and 23.15 mm respectively. There was statistically significant negative correlation between axial length and severity of @entity6 in the right eye, (Spearman correlation = -0.511, p = 0.0001) as well as the left eye (Spearman correlation = -0.522, p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: There is a protective influence of longer axial length of globe on the stage and severity of @entity6 . This study may help in modifying the screening protocol for @entity6 amongst @entity1 of differing axial lengths.

title: @entity1714 and its influence on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1714 :: ('MESH:D009216', 'Disease') :: ['axial myopia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic retinopathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic retinopathy']