abstract: @entity2 is the leading cause of @entity5 worldwide. Even early-stage @entity1 might encounter disease recurrence with relative high risk. Effective postoperative therapy is based on an accurate assessment of treatment failure after surgery. The aim of this study is to construct a disease-free survival (DFS) prediction model and stratify @entity1 into different risk score groups.A total of 356 pathological stage I @entity1 (7th American Joint Committee on @entity5 ) who underwent lung resection from January 2005 through June 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Of these @entity1 , 63 @entity1 were eliminated for this study. A total of 293 p-stage I @entity1 were included for further univariate and multivariate analysis. Clinical, surgical, and pathological factors associated with high risk of recurrence were analyzed, including age, gender, smoking status, additional primary malignancy (APM), operation method, histology, visceral @entity3 , angiolymphatic invasion, @entity5 necrosis, and @entity5 size.Of the 293 p-stage I @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 examined, 143 were female and 150 were male, with a mean age of 62.8-years old (range: 25-83-years old). The 5-year DFS and overall survival rates after surgery were 58.9% and 75.3%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, current smoker (hazards ratio [HR]: 1.63), APM (HR: 1.86), @entity5 size (HR: 1.54, 2.03), nonanatomic resections (HR: 1.81), @entity420 histology (HR: 2.07), visceral @entity3 (HR: 1.54), and angiolymphatic invasion (HR: 1.53) were found to be associated with a higher risk of @entity5 recurrence. The final model showed a fair discrimination ability (C-statistic=0.68). According to the difference risk group, we found @entity1 with intermediate or higher risk group had a higher distal relapse tendency as compared with low risk group (P=0.016, odds ratio: 3.31, 95% confidence interval: 1.21-9.03).Greater than 30% of disease recurrences occurred after surgery for stage I @entity1149 @entity1 . That is why we try to establish an effective DFS predicting model based on clinical, pathological, and surgical covariates. However, our initial results still need to be validated and refined into greater population for better application in clinical use.

title: Recurrence Risk Factors Analysis for Stage I XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer-related death', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['pleural invasion']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['Non-small Cell Lung Cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) biopsy, primary used as an alternative to elective lymph node dissection in @entity320 , is being applied successfully in management of @entity1 with @entity0 . The aim of this method in @entity0 is to determine the presence of axillary node involvement while clinically normal axilla. The validity of the sentinel node concept in @entity0 is demonstrated in various studies. The results of identification rates, sensitivity, overall accuracy and false negative rate are so encouraging in most publications, as to implement this concept to every-day surgical practice. There is lack, however, of many fundamental answers pertaining relationship between @entity5 -size and the results of @entity1600 Biopsy or related surgical standards. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 36 females at the age 33-66, with @entity0 underwent primary surgical treatment with @entity1600 Biopsy in Department of Gynaecology and Oncology Jagiellonian University between 2001-2002. The study inclusion criteria were @entity5 size-T1, T2. The day before surgery the static scanning was performed after injection of Tc radiolabelled nannocolloid. @entity1600 (s) were identified intraoperatively using a handheld gamma detection probe (Navigator GPS) and intraoperative lymphatic mapping with blue dye (Patent @entity6820 V). After localization and excision of @entity1600 (s), axillary's lymph node dissection (ALND) was performed. RESULTS: In 34 @entity1 @entity1600 Biopsy revealed accumulation of the tracer in axilla, which was classified as @entity1600 . Detection rate was 94.4% (34/36). Overall sensitivity of the procedure was 81%, whereas negative predictive value 92%. False negative rate was 2.2%. Detection rate for T1 @entity5 was 100% (15/15 cases), and for T2 @entity5 was 90.4% (19/21 cases). Sensitivity for @entity5 classified as T1 was 100% (3/3 cases), whereas for @entity5 T2 was 75% (6/8 cases). CONCLUSION: @entity1600 Biopsy seems to be very interesting alternative to ALND in @entity1 with @entity5 's dimension.

title: [Sentinel node biopsy in XXXX and @entity5 dimension].

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'small tumor', 'tumors', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['Sentinel lymph node', 'SLN']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Lumbo-pelvic core stabilization training (LPST) is one of the therapeutic exercises common in practice for rehabilitation of @entity1 with @entity1643 . This study was carried out to examine the therapeutic effects of LPST on the muscle thickness of transversus abdominis (TrA) at rest and during contraction among @entity1 with chronic non-specific @entity1643 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 25 @entity1 (7 males and 18 females) with chronic non-specific @entity1643 participated in a within-subject, repeated measures, double-blinded, placebo-controlled comparisons trial. The @entity1 received three different types of experimental therapeutic training conditions which includes the lumbo-pelvic core stabilization training (LPST), the placebo treatment with passive cycling (PC) and a controlled intervention with rest (CI). The interventions were carried out by randomization with 48 hours between the sessions. The effectiveness of interventions was studied by measuring the changes in muscle thickness of TrA at rest and during contraction using a real time ultrasonography. RESULTS: Repeated measures ANOVA demonstrated that the LPST provided significant therapeutic benefits as measured by an increase in the muscle thickness of the TrA at rest (p<0.05) and during contraction (p<0.01). The percentage change of the muscle thickness observed during LPST was significantly higher (p<0.01) when compared to the other two experimental training conditions. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicated that the LPST might provide therapeutic benefits by increasing the muscle thickness and function of TrA. Therefore, it is suggested that LPST technique should be considered as part of management program for treatment of @entity1643 .

title: Changes in Transversus Abdominis Muscle Thickness after Lumbo-Pelvic Core Stabilization Training among XXXX Individuals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain', 'chronic low back pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['Chronic Low Back Pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Parallel imaging is essential for the acceleration of abdominal and pelvic 2D multi-slice imaging, in order to reduce scan time and mitigate motion artifacts. @entity2996 ( @entity2996 ) accelerated imaging has been shown to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) significantly compared with in-plane parallel imaging with similar acceleration. We hypothesize that for @entity2996 -accelerated abdominal imaging the consistency of image quality and SNR is more difficult to achieve due to the subject-specific coil sensitivity profiles, caused by (1) flexible coil placement; (2) variations in anatomy; and (3) variations in scan coverage along the superior-inferior direction. To test this, a mathematical framework is introduced that calculates the (retained) SNR for in-plane and @entity9689 ( @entity9689 )-accelerated acquisitions. Moreover, this framework was used to optimize the sampling pattern by maximizing the local SNR within a region of interest (ROI) through non-linear, RF-induced @entity2996 slice shifts. The framework was evaluated on 14 healthy subjects and the optimized sampling pattern was compared with in-plane acceleration and @entity2996 acceleration with linear slice shifts, which are primarily used in brain imaging. We demonstrate that the field of view (FOV) in the superior-inferior direction, the coil positioning and the individual anatomy have a large impact on the image SNR (changes up to 50% for varying coil positions and 40% differences between subjects) and image artifacts for @entity9689 acceleration. Consequently, sampling patterns have to be optimized for acquisitions employing different FOVs and ideally on an individual basis. Optimization of the sampling pattern, which exploits non-linear shifts between slices, showed a considerable SNR increase (10-30%) for higher acceleration factors. The framework outlined in this article can be used to optimize sampling patterns for a broad range of accelerated body acquisitions on an individual basis. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: An optimization framework to maximize signal-to-noise ratio in XXXX body imaging.

entities_list: @entity9689 :: ('MESH:C564969', 'Disease') :: ['SMS', 'simultaneous multi-slice']

entities_list: @entity2996 :: ('MESH:C564543', 'Disease') :: ['Controlled Aliasing In Parallel Imaging Results IN Higher Acceleration', 'CAIPIRINHA']

answer: @entity9689 :: (MESH:C564969,Disease) :: ['simultaneous multi-slice']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of transcatheter @entity1416 (TAE) through the omental branch in the treatment of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) with blood supply from the omental branch. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 with @entity157 fed by the omental branch underwent TAE. All but one had previously undergone several therapies for @entity157 , including TAE. Three @entity1 had intraperitoneal @entity548 caused by @entity157 fed by the omental branch, and two necessitated emergency TAE. The technical success rate, therapeutic effect, and safety of TAE via the omental branch were evaluated. RESULTS: Twenty-six omental branches that fed @entity157 were observed angiographically. Attenuation or occlusion of the hepatic artery was observed in 80%. @entity3314 (73%) could be successfully embolized. Hepatic hemostasis was achieved in all @entity1 with @entity157 . @entity5 recurred in 80% of @entity1 who underwent successful TAE of the omental branch, and additional therapy was performed in six @entity1 . Ten @entity1 died after 2-26 months (mean, 8 mo). Five @entity1 were alive for 3-13 months (mean, 7 mo). Severe complications were not observed in any @entity1 . CONCLUSION: TAE of the omental branch is safe and has become technically feasible in almost all @entity1 , but @entity5 frequently recur.

title: XXXX with blood supply from omental branches: treatment with transcatheter @entity1416 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity3314 :: ('MESH:D015436', 'Disease') :: ['Nineteen omental branches']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'ruptured HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: Detection of @entity328 colonized in the pharynx of healthy carriers currently relies on conventional culture methods of direct plating with pharyngeal swab specimens. The accurate measurement of the carriage of pneumococci, however, has not been necessarily achieved with these methods due to low density colonization and contamination of numerous oral streptococci that express a- @entity2142 . A PCR-based detection method of pneumococci-specific for lytA as well as PCR serotyping of @entity2260 was recently developed and their effectiveness was confirmed. We modified the reaction conditions of these methods to improve the detection rate and applied them to the measurement of @entity2260 carried in healthy adults. Pharyngeal swab specimens obtained from 110 healthy volunteers over 40 and living in Nagoya were enriched for 5 hours with broth medium supplemented with rabbit serum and the template DNA for PCR was extracted from the mixed enriched culture. Of 110 specimens 36 (32.7%) were lytA-positive, the rate of which was much higher than the results of previous culture-based studies. The DNA template preparations were then used for PCR-based serotyping with primers specific for each of the types included in pneumococcal 23 valent vaccine (PPV23). We found that 28 out of 36 lytA-positive carriers were identified as being positive for the serotypes belonging to PPV23, although serotypes 6A and 6B were indistinguishable with the PCR method. The most frequent serotype was serotype 14, and serotypes 4, 18C, and 6A/B were also frequently identified. Five lytA-positive carriers were previously vaccinated with PPV23, and among them, 4 were positive for serotypes contained in PPV23. We recommend PCR-based identification and serotyping of @entity2260 in broth enrichment culture of pharyngeal swab specimens as a reliable method for the surveillance of healthy carriers with low density colonization.

title: [Detection and Serotyping of XXXX Carried in Healthy Adults with a Modified PCR Method].

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity2802 classification for @entity201 was first introduced in the 7th edition, which was published in 2009; however, prognostic accuracy compared with the 5th and 6th editions has not yet been evaluated and requires validation. METHODS: A prospective histological database of @entity1 with @entity1126 was analyzed, and histological parameters and stage of the @entity201 were assessed according to the 5th, 6th, and 7th editions of the @entity2802 classification. RESULTS: Between 1994 and 2012, a total of 516 @entity1 underwent pancreatic head resection, of whom 59 @entity1 (11.4  %) experienced histologically confirmed @entity201 . The median overall survival time was 22.2 months (13.1-31.4). @entity5 recurrence occurred in 23 @entity1 after a median disease-free survival time of 14.1  months. The 7th edition showed a monotonicity of all gradients, with a stepwise increase of mortality related to a stepwise increase of @entity5 stage (log-rank test; p  <  0.05) demonstrating best discrimination of all tested editions [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)  0.82; 95  % CI 0.70-0.95; p  =  0.012]. The discrimination rate was low for the 5th (AUC  0.67; 95  % CI 0.42-0.91; p  =  0.18) and 6th editions (AUC  0.70; 95  % CI 0.47-0.93; p  =  0.11), while the log-rank test did not reach statistical significance. On multivariate analysis, lymph node involvement and positive resection margins were positive and independent predictors of inferior survival (p  <  0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The 7th edition of the @entity2802 classification was favorable in terms of predicting outcome, and generated a monotonicity of all grades. Strikingly, the 7th edition, but not the 5th and 6th editions, was of prognostic significance to predict outcome.

title: Prognostic Accuracy of the Seventh Edition of the XXXX Classification Compared with the Fifth and Sixth Edition for @entity201 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1126 :: ('MESH:D001650', 'Disease') :: ['distal bile duct cancer']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['distal cholangiocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2802 :: (10178,Gene) :: ['TNM']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of multiple @entity1582 cells on differentiation of endothelial cells to form capillary-like networks and the role of @entity2252 ( @entity2252 ) in this process. METHODS: @entity1 multiple @entity1582 cell line RPMI8226 or fresh @entity1582 cells were co-cultured with @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in two different systems: the contact and the non-contact systems. The HUVECs cultured alone were used as control. The effects of soluble cytokine and adhesion molecule on angiogenesis in HUVECs co-cultured with MM cell were studied by modified Matrigel capillary-like networks formation assay and @entity2252 levels in co-culture system supernatant by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In the contact co-culture system, the formation of capillary-like networks and the secretion of @entity2252 were detected again after MM cell was preincubated and cultured with anti- @entity2393 and anti- @entity1454 monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS: In RPMI8226 co-culture system, the number of capillary-like structure was increased in non-contact HUVECs system compared with that in monoculture, but the increase was lower than that of contact HUVECs system (75% vs. 113%). In fresh @entity1582 cells co-culture system, the numbers of capillary-like structure were 138% and 188% for the non-contact and the contact co-culture systems, respectively, above that in HUVECs cultured alone. The median @entity2252 concentrations in culture supernatants of mono-cultured, contact co-cultured with RPMI8226, non-contact co-cultured with RPMI8226, contact co-cultured with fresh @entity1582 cells and non-contact co-cultured with fresh @entity1582 cells were (12.4 +/- 5.1) ng/ ml, (38.5 +/- 8.2) ng/ml, (31.6 +/- 7.2) ng/ml, (37.1 +/- 8.7) ng/ml and(27.9 +/- 7.6) ng/ml, respectively. Either of the two adhesion molecule monoclonal antibodies reduced the capillary-like networks formation and the @entity2252 secretion in the contact co-culture system. CONCLUSION: @entity1 multiple @entity1582 cells stimulate differentiation of endothelial cells to form capillary-like networks in two different co-culture systems. @entity2252 takes part in this progress and is modulated by soluble cytokine and adhesion molecule expressed by both kinds of cells.

title: [ XXXX multiple @entity1582 cells stimulate differentiation of endothelial cells to form capillary-like networks in two different co-culture systems].

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['brain derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: To explore a novel method to use @entity2642 in heavily treated @entity1 , 4-week cycles of high-dosage (280 mg/d) @entity14027 were given to 11 asymptomatic @entity1 who had previously received an average of 6 years of @entity2353 reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). The @entity14027 dose was targeted to produce a calculated steady-state concentration of 1.5 microM (336 ng/mL). @entity1 received @entity14027 for the first 4 weeks, after which it was discontinued for 4 weeks. Additional 4-week drug cycles were given if plasma @entity2858 RNA levels increased to at least 75% of baseline values. The 11 subjects received 38 cycles (average, 3.5 cycles per subject) during the 44-week study. @entity14027 was well tolerated. Considering all data, there was a median 0.65 log(10) reduction in viral load as well as a median increase in CD4 cell count of 110/mm3 at the end of the cycles. However, plasma @entity646 increased and CD4 cell counts decreased between cycles. Viral load and CD4 cell responses were similar for up to 4 successive cycles. This suggested that increasing viral resistance was not a problem, as reflected by the acquisition of only one new @entity2353 reverse transcriptase mutation among the @entity1 . Significant relationships between @entity14027 exposure and changes in plasma @entity645 RNA levels were observed. A similar approach might be considered using a more potent regimen for @entity1 in whom resistance to @entity2642 is a major reason for therapeutic failure.

title: Intermittent administration of high-dose @entity14027 to XXXX -experienced individuals infected with @entity2858 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity2642 :: ('MESH:D009705', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleosides']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity14027 :: ('MESH:D018119', 'Chemical') :: ['Stavudine', 'stavudine']

answer: @entity2353 :: (CHEBI:33838,Chemical) :: ['nucleoside']


abstract: In an analysis of a large single-institution experience in the surgical management of @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) and @entity6323 , the authors present the effect of @entity1358 characteristics on survival, and aim to identify potential preoperative variables predictive of intraoperative complexity with regard to estimated @entity190 , transfusion volume, surgical time, length of stay, and @entity260 rates. Age, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, Charlson Comorbidity Index, preoperative @entity460 , preoperative @entity1011 , and IVC wall invasion were significantly related to complication rates. INTRODUCTION: Preoperative laboratory values are commonly used as markers of health and potential disease burden, however, their effect on perioperative complexity has not previously been assessed. The authors aimed to evaluate the effect of @entity1358 and @entity6323 characteristics on @entity5 -specific survival (CSS), and identify potential preoperative variables predictive of intraoperative complexity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a retrospective chart review we identified 144 @entity1 who underwent nephrectomy and IVC thrombectomy. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess the effect of disease characteristics on CSS and @entity260 . Linear regression analysis was used to determine the association between preoperative laboratory values and intraoperative complexity characterized by estimated @entity190 (EBL), transfusion volume (TV), operative time, and length of hospital stay (LOS). RESULTS: Analysis of intraoperative complexity revealed a significant correlation between preoperative @entity1011 ( @entity8818 ) and EBL (P = .022), TV (P = .041), and LOS (P = .005), and preoperative hemoglobin (Hgb) was associated with increased EBL (P < .001) and TV (P < .001). Multivariate analyses showed a significant relationship between overall complication rates and preoperative @entity460 ( @entity9495 ; P = .012), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score (P = .003), and IVC wall invasion (P = .005), and a significant association between major complications and preoperative @entity9495 (P = .011), preoperative @entity8818 (P = .041), age (P = .050), and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI; P = .002). CONCLUSION: With regard to intraoperative @entity260 , preoperative @entity8818 and Hgb were significantly associated with increased EBL, TV, and LOS, and ASA score, preoperative @entity9495 , preoperative @entity8818 , IVC wall invasion, age, and CCI were found to have significant relationships with complication rates.

title: Predictors of @entity260 in XXXX Who Undergo Radical Nephrectomy and IVC Thrombectomy: A Large Contemporary Tertiary Center Analysis.

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['complexity and postoperative complications', 'postoperative complications', 'postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity6323 :: ('MESH:C563013', 'Disease') :: ['inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Developmental changes in the synthesis of @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) were investigated in @entity35 hippocampus and frontal cortex. Particular reference was made to the conversion, into @entity1617 , of the @entity1877 accumulated by high-affinity uptake as defined using 1 microM @entity11348 (HC-3). Using solutions containing 11.1 mM @entity413 , conversions were respectively 31 and 55%, in fine slices from 4-8-day-olds. Free @entity1877 accounted very largely for the remainder of the @entity1877 accumulated. In samples from adults, @entity1617 accounted for 80% of the uptake. The inefficient conversions (into @entity1617 ) in immature brain were not the result of a requirement for @entity6178 bodies as the source of @entity6625 ( @entity6625 ). Greater rates of release of newly synthesised @entity1617 , than in mature samples, were not responsible, neither were greater cholinesterase activities. The stimulation of high-affinity @entity1877 uptake, caused by prior depolarisation of the tissues using K+, also increased during development from 78 to 238% with hippocampus and from 49 to 170% with frontal cortex. Furthermore, prior depolarisation increased the efficiency with which @entity1877 , accumulated by high-affinity uptake, was converted into @entity1617 . At all stages of development 80% of the additional @entity1877 accumulated, after depolarisation, was converted into @entity1617 . It is concluded that the specificity of HC-3-sensitive uptake is incomplete in immature brain, i.e. high-affinity @entity1877 uptake is not exclusively into cholinergic neurones. The cholinergic neuronal compartment becomes more prominent during development so that the specificity is complete in mature brain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: High-affinity uptake of @entity1877 , a marker for cholinergic nerve terminals, is not specific in developing XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity11348 :: ('MESH:D006426', 'Chemical') :: ['hemicholinium-3']

entities_list: @entity6625 :: ('MESH:D000105', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl-CoA', 'acetyl-coenzyme A']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors investigated the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose limiting @entity137 (DLT) associated with the addition of a biomodulating dose of @entity136 to an established regimen of @entity1260 and @entity632 as part of a program to explore the potential of low-dose @entity136 to modulate the activity of alkylating agents. METHODS: A Phase I trial was carried out in a population of @entity1 with @entity150 for whom no standard therapy was available. Doses of @entity1260 and @entity632 were held fixed at 2 g/m(2) for 4 days and 20 mg/m(2) for 3 days, respectively. @entity136 was given on Day 2 and Day 4 at doses of 90 mg/m(2), 150 mg/m(2), and 200 mg/m(2) per dose. RESULTS: A total of 18 @entity1 received 53 courses of therapy. Myelosuppression was dose limiting. Nonhematologic @entity137 also was significant, with 10 of 18 @entity1 experiencing @entity137 of Grade 3 or greater. For previously untreated @entity1 with an intact performance status, the MTD for @entity136 in this context was at least 150 mg/m(2) per dose. According to an intent-to-treat analysis, 11 of 18 @entity1 demonstrated a clinically significant response to this regimen. CONCLUSIONS: The regimen of @entity1260 and @entity632 with the addition of @entity136 was significantly toxic but has promising activity. Based on the observed activity and the generally reversible nature of the @entity137 , the authors have initiated a Phase II trial of this regimen in @entity1 with untreated, metastatic @entity189 .

title: @entity136 modulation of alkylator therapy: a phase I trial of escalating @entity136 added to fixed doses of XXXX and @entity632 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder or pelvic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['ifosfamide']


abstract: PURPOSE: Prior studies suggest that specialist care associates with improved health-related quality of life (HRQL) in @entity748 @entity1 . However, there are limited studies focused on differences in HRQL among subspecialties. The aim of this study was to assess the differences in HRQL between adult @entity748 @entity1 treated in pneumology or @entity566 practices, and to estimate to what extent the differences in HRQL can be explained by sociodemographic, clinical or psychological characteristics of @entity1 from each specialty. METHODS: We recruited adult @entity748 outpatients from @entity566 and pneumology practices. Information on sociodemographic, clinical and psychological characteristics was collected, and HRQL was assessed with generic and disease-specific questionnaires. HRQL was compared between groups adjusting for sociodemographic, clinical and psychological characteristics. RESULTS: A total of 287 @entity748 @entity1 participated in the study (105 from pneumology and 182 from @entity566 ). @entity1 treated by pneumologists reported significantly poorer HRQL in physical dimensions of generic questionnaire and all dimensions of disease-specific questionnaire. Pneumology @entity1 were older (p  <  .001) and had a lower education level (p  <  .001); a higher number of @entity1 were in a non-active employment situation (p  =  .003) and had worse pulmonary function (p  <  .001), longer duration of disease (p  =  .020), higher prevalence of @entity28 (p  <  .001) and uncontrolled @entity565 (p  <  .001), and a higher rate of previous absenteeism (p  =  .001). @entity308 and the use of cognitive avoidance coping were also higher among pneumology @entity1 (p  =  .050 and p  =  .022, respectively). There were not significant differences in HRQL between pneumology and @entity566 @entity1 after adjustment for these sociodemographic, clinical and psychological characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: @entity748 @entity1 treated by pneumologists reported poorer HRQL than @entity1 treated by allergists, but this outcome is attributed to differences in several sociodemographic, clinical and psychological characteristics between the two groups of @entity1 .

title: Quality of life in adults with @entity565 treated in XXXX and pneumology subspecialties: relationship with sociodemographic, clinical and psychological variables.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic', 'Asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) is the major limitation of allogeneic haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT), for which no approved treatments are available. Use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) has become standard practice in some European countries, but controversy exists for their benefit. The aim of this meta-analysis was to analyse available evidence for the benefit of MSC treatments in @entity479 -resistant acute @entity2132 . METHODS: We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess response to and survival after MSC treatment in @entity1 with @entity479 -refractory acute @entity2132 . We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Ovid, and Cochrane Central databases for published studies, and we used ClinicalTrials.gov and other websites to find unpublished studies and conference abstracts. We included prospective and retrospective studies in which MSCs were administered to @entity1 with @entity479 -refractory acute @entity2132 . Data were extracted independently by two investigators based on strict selection criteria. A random-effects model was used to pool outcomes across studies because of anticipated heterogeneity. Our primary outcome was survival at 6 months from the first infusion of MSCs. FINDINGS: We identified 628 citations with our search, of which 610 were excluded after review and a further five did not contain pertinent data. Thus, our meta-analysis included 13 non-randomised studies at moderate risk of bias, comprising a total of 336 @entity1 . Six studies provided data for the primary outcome analysis (119 @entity1 ). Survival at 6 months after MSC treatment was 63% (95% CI 50-74; I(2)=41%). Survival did not differ with respect to age, MSC culture medium, or dose of MSCs delivered. INTERPRETATION: Available evidence suggests that infusion of MSCs could be an acceptable treatment for @entity1 with @entity479 -refractory acute @entity2132 . Randomised clinical trials are needed urgently to assess different treatment modalities for @entity479 -refractory acute @entity2132 . FUNDING: None.

title: Survival after mesenchymal stromal cell therapy in XXXX -refractory acute graft-versus-host disease: systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['Graft-versus-host disease', 'GVHD']

answer: @entity479 :: (D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: All forms of life maintain a reducing environment (homeostasis) within their cells. Perturbations in the normal redox state can lead to an oxidative environment which has deleterious effects, especially in health. In biological systems, metabolic activities are dependent mainly on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, a metabolic pathway that uses energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to produce @entity855 . In the process of oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as @entity26 in redox reactions and often results to the generation of reactive species. Reactive @entity26 species consist of a class of radical and non-radical @entity26 derivatives. The imbalance between the reactive @entity26 species and antioxidant defence systems leads to oxidative burden and hence, damage biological molecules. Antioxidants help to prevent or fix the deleterious effects of reactive species. @entity599 is an important element in biological systems. This atom is usually integrated into proteins as the redox-active @entity462 residue and in molecules such as @entity2041 , @entity14688 and @entity17092 which are vital antioxidant molecules and are therefore essential for life. This review covers the role of @entity599 containing antioxidant systems in oxidative environments.

title: Potential Role of XXXX -Containing Antioxidant Systems in Highly Oxidative Environments.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity599 :: ('MESH:D013455', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfur', 'Sulfur']

answer: @entity599 :: (MESH:D013455,Chemical) :: ['Sulfur']


abstract: The infectivity and pathogenicity of the penaeid shrimp virus, Baculovirus penaei (BP), is influenced by the stage of viral development. This study consisted of a preliminary experiment which showed that nonocculuded virus administered per os is infective, followed by two infectivity experiments. In the first phase of each infectivity experiment, mysis stage larvae of @entity11320 were inoculated with BP and samples of infected tissue were collected at various times postinoculation (p.i.). These samples were then used to inoculate either mysis or postlarval stage @entity11320 in the second phase of each experiment. Viral inocula prepared from patently infected tissues consistently produced @entity281 in both mysis and postlarval stage shrimp. Inocula prepared from prepatently infected tissue collected 12-18 h p.i. produced @entity281 in some, but not all replicate cultures, while inocula prepared from tissues collected earlier than 12 h p.i. were not infective. Viral development in mysis stage larvae was substantially delayed and the mortality was significantly lower when the viral inocula were prepared from prepatently compared to patently infected tissues. BP appears to be most pathogenic to larvae that have been exposed to inocula prepared from tissues that had recently developed a high prevalence of patent @entity281 or about 72 h p.i.

title: Infectivity and pathogenicity of Baculovirus penaei (BP) in cultured larval and postlarval @entity11320 , XXXX , related to the stage of viral development.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity11320 :: ('6689', 'Species') :: ['P. vannamei', 'Penaeus vannamei']

answer: @entity11320 :: (6689,Species) :: ['Penaeus vannamei']


abstract: @entity16 of @entity1 during cardiac operations are closely associated with affections of the carotid arteries. The relationship of @entity6 to these findings was not investigated so far. During the period between July 1 and Dec. 31 2000 the authors examined sonographically 127 @entity1 indicated for aortocoronary bypass on account of affection of three arteries. @entity6 was present in 44 @entity1 . A significant @entity850 was detected in 4 (5%) without @entity6 and in 5 (11%) @entity1 with @entity6 (p < 0.05), moreover in two @entity1 with @entity6 was found. An insignificant @entity850 (up to 70% was found in 3 (3%) of the @entity1 without @entity6 and in 3 (7%) @entity1 with @entity6 (p < 0.05). The thickness of the intima and media (IMT) was in @entity1 with @entity6 insignificantly greater (0.76 vs. 0.89 mm, NS). The mean index of echogenicity of plaques was in @entity6 @entity1 also insignificantly greater (2.1 vs. 2.9 NS). @entity731 greater than 2 mm were more frequent in @entity6 (7.8% vs. 8 (18%), p < 0.05). A significantly more frequent finding of @entity543 or larger plaques was proved in @entity1 with a history of CMP. Sonographic findings on the vertebral arteries were not associated with the presence of @entity6 . CONCLUSION: Carotid sonography in @entity1 of three arteries reveals in @entity6 @entity1 and in those with a history of CMP more frequent significant @entity850 and the presence of major @entity731 .

title: [Sonography findings in the carotid arteries in XXXX before aortocoronary bypass].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes mellitus type 2', 'diabetics', 'diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes complete obstruction of the inner carotid']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerotic plaques', 'atherosclerotic plaques']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetics']


abstract: In a previous prospective study, @entity328 was identified as the causative agent in 148 (42.8%) of 346 adult @entity1 hospitalized over the course of one year with @entity497 ( @entity497 ) in the Soroka Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel. The present study characterizes those cases in which @entity328 was the only pathogen and those in which additional etiological agents were identified. Pneumococcal @entity497 was diagnosed by standard blood cultures or positive serological tests by one of two laboratory methods. In 100 (67.6%) @entity1 , at least one other etiological agent of @entity497 was identified in addition to @entity328 . Compared with @entity1 who were not infected by @entity328 , @entity1 with @entity328 @entity497 were older and had a higher rate of comorbidity (39.5% vs. 29.8%). @entity328 @entity497 had a more severe clinical course and a higher mortality rate, especially when @entity328 was the only pathogen. @entity497 due to @entity328 only was more similar in its clinical manifestations to classic @entity2258 . When an additional etiological agent was identified, the clinical characteristics could not be distinguished from those of @entity55 . It is concluded that @entity328 remains the principal cause of @entity497 in this region. The frequency of additional etiological agents of @entity497 and the difficulty in differentiating clinically between cases due to @entity328 only and those due to @entity328 plus other organisms necessitates initial empirical treatment that covers @entity328 as well as other causative agents of @entity55 .

title: Pneumococcal XXXX in 148 hospitalized adult @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['atypical pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['Community-acquired pneumonia', 'CAP', 'community-acquired pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2258 :: ('MESH:D011018', 'Disease') :: ['typical pneumococcal pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity497 :: (MESH:D003147,Disease) :: ['community-acquired pneumonia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 187 Background: Distress is a multifactorial, emotional experience that may interfere with @entity1 ' ability to cope with @entity5 and its treatment. Recognizing and managing distress may benefit @entity1 . The Commission on Cancer requires implementation of Standard 3.2, Psychosocial Distress Screening in 2015 and integrating distress intervention in @entity5 care. This study evaluates @entity1 ' perception on benefits in this regard. METHODS: @entity1 were screened at least once at a pivotal medical visit using a questionnaire that included various aspects of stress. NCCN's Psychosocial Distress Screening Tool was used to measure seriousness of distress. @entity1 marked their distress level on a scale of 1 to 10. A threshold of 5 was set as a trigger point to start addressing distress. RESULTS: Answers from 311 @entity5 @entity1 (male 61%; female 39%) were evaluated since January 2015. A majority of @entity1 had @entity0 (29%), followed by lung (18%), GI (18%), and hematological (12%) @entity5 . The mean distress score was 3.72 (male 3.14; female 3.97). 131 @entity1 had a score above five. Age group, 40-49 years had a higher distress (4.79) compared to others. @entity418 (1%) had the highest mean score 7.33 followed by @entity135 (4%) with 5.67. In most @entity1 , @entity148 about @entity5 and its treatment was the cause of distress. However, they did not want any additional psychosocial intervention except for talking to their oncologist and primary physician. The distress of some @entity1 was family related and they were unsure of the help needed. Two @entity1 refused screening stating the questions were intrusive. CONCLUSIONS: Coordinated psychosocial care may benefit @entity5 @entity1 with significant distress. NCCN tool helps to assess the severity of @entity1 ' distress and to determine the need for intervention. The results (mean score of 3.72) suggest most @entity5 @entity1 need no major intervention or special psychosocial counseling other than discussing with their physician and family, which is done routinely in most oncology practices. However, when stress is expressed, this tool does help the treating physicians to determine the specific area and degree of stress, to focus on the type of help needed for the @entity1 , and to channel resources appropriately.

title: Psychosocial distress screening in XXXX care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head _ neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Abnormal repolarization is one of the acknowledged mechanisms leading to malignant @entity943 . We used a novel magnetocardiographic technique to investigate the role of inhomogeneous repolarization in @entity1 with @entity384 prone to sustained @entity943 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty-nine @entity384 @entity1 were studied, 18 with a history of sustained @entity1165 (n = 6) or @entity2224 (n = 12) and 31 with no @entity943 . The magnetocardiogram was registered and @entity1162 apex and @entity1162 end intervals were determined by a computer algorithm. Inhomogeneity of repolarization was characterized with indices describing @entity1162 apex and @entity1162 end dispersion, and T wave end duration. In addition, time-domain late fields of the QRS complex in magnetocardiography and @entity1162 dispersion in 12-lead ECG were determined. T wave end was longer in the @entity943 group in @entity1 with sinus rhythm (87 +/- 15 msec vs 73 +/- 12 msec; P = 0.005) and in those not having @entity5036 . Magnetocardiographic late fields of the QRS complex were not different between groups. @entity1162 apex and end dispersion on magnetocardiography or 12-lead ECG showed no difference. CONCLUSION: Prolongation of the end part of the T wave revealed by magnetocardiography is related to malignant @entity943 in @entity384 . The results suggest that abnormal repolarization rather than delayed conduction underlies the @entity943 in this disease.

title: Repolarization abnormalities detected by magnetocardiography in XXXX with @entity384 and @entity943 .

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy', 'dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity5036 :: ('OMIM:113900', 'Disease') :: ['bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The in vivo nitrosation capacity of third-instar larvae of @entity238 was assessed using the wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART). Larvate derived from two different crosses, the standard cross (ST) and the high bioactivation cross (HB) both involving the recessive wing cell markers multiple wing hairs (mwh) and flare (flr3), were used. The HB cross is characterised by an increased @entity70366 -dependent bioactivation capacity for promutagens and procarcinogens. The larvae were treated either with @entity54149 , @entity11495 or its combination. @entity7045 was used as a positive control. The wings of the resulting flies were analysed for the occurrence of mutant spots produced by various types of mutational events or by mitotic recombination. @entity54149 is negative in the ST and the HB cross, whereas @entity11495 is weakly genotoxic in both crosses. However, the combination of both compounds produces highly increased frequencies of mutations and recombinations predominantly in the HB cross. The genotoxic effects produced by the combined treatments were considerably increased when mashed @entity415 or an agar- @entity375 medium were used for the treatment instead of the standard instant medium. Treatment of larvae with the mixture resulting from the in vitro reaction of nitrosation precursors also resulted in high frequencies of induced spots comparable to those recorded with the potent genotoxin @entity7045 . Further experiments showed that the genotoxic effect resulting from the in vivo exposure to nitrosation precursors can be reduced by co-treatment with @entity12919 , a known nitrosation inhibitor. The present study demonstrates that the wing spot test is well suited for the determination of genotoxicity produced by in vivo nitrosation processes and for the study of their modulation by individual compounds or dietary complex mixtures.

title: Analysis of the in vivo nitrosation capacity of the larvae used in the wing somatic mutation and recombination test of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7045 :: ('CHEBI:50102', 'Chemical') :: ['N-nitrosomethylurea', 'N-Nitrosomethylurea']

entities_list: @entity54149 :: ('MESH:C002352', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl urea', 'Methyl urea']

entities_list: @entity11495 :: ('MESH:D012977', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitrite']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']


abstract: Chemotherapy sensitivity has been identified as an important prognostic factor in @entity8 ( @entity8 ) for @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). However, the effect of uniform salvage chemotherapy before @entity8 has not been studied prospectively. We examined whether the response to prospectively administered uniform salvage therapy ( @entity2879 , @entity229 , @entity1891 , @entity786 , @entity632 , and @entity3118 ) influenced the subsequent outcome of @entity8 in 28 @entity1 with relapsed or @entity1893 . After @entity8 , @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) at 36 months is 49%, whereas @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) is 32%. In Cox model analyses, the response to chemotherapy was the best predictor of @entity1349 (P = .0006) and @entity1349 (P = .0006) after @entity8 . Differentiating stable disease from progressive disease after salvage chemotherapy strengthened the association with survival. Among chemotherapy-sensitive @entity1 , the median @entity1349 and @entity1349 have not been reached. In @entity1 with stable disease, @entity1349 and @entity1349 at 24 months are 50% and 25%, respectively. In contrast, only 1 @entity1 with progressive disease during salvage therapy survived longer than 12 months. These prospective data confirm the favorable prognosis for chemotherapy-sensitive @entity1893 after @entity8 and suggest that chemotherapy resistance is not an absolute contraindication to @entity8 for @entity1893 @entity1 with stable disease during salvage therapy.

title: Efficacy of @entity8 in chemotherapy-refractory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['reduced-intensity allogeneic stem cell transplantation', 'RIST']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', 'non-Hodgkin lymphoma', 'refractory NHL']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'EFS', 'event-free survival', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-hodgkin lymphoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to determine if a @entity70061 powder intradermal system designed to provide cutaneous @entity1337 is efficacious, safe, and tolerable for pediatric subjects compared with a sham placebo system. METHODS: COMFORT-004, A Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Confirm the Effectiveness and Safety of ALGRX 3268 in Pediatric Subjects, was a single-dose, parallel group study of @entity1 undergoing venipuncture or peripheral venous cannulation at the antecubital fossa or back of the hand. Included were subjects (3-18 years) in 3 age groups: 3-7, 8-12, and 13-18 years. Excluded were those with recent similar procedures or with implantable devices or skin pathologies at the anatomical site, insufficient @entity73 , or @entity566 to local anesthetics or adhesives. Subjects were randomized to receive the needle-free powder @entity3303 delivery system (active system, 0.5 mg of @entity3303 /21    1 bar of pressure [n = 269]) or sham placebo (n = 266) 1-3 minutes before venipuncture or peripheral venous cannulation. Analgesic efficacy was assessed @entity1 self-report of @entity158 (Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale [3-18 years] and visual analog scale [VAS; 8-18 years]) and parental observational VAS. Safety assessments included adverse events (AEs) and relationship to study treatment. Skin signs and symptoms were graded numerically. Wong-Baker FACES scores, VAS, and parental VAS were analyzed by using an ANOVA model. Responder ratings and success rates were compared by using a Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test stratified according to center, age group, and body site. FINDINGS: The active system group had significantly (P = 0.0022) less @entity158 compared with the sham placebo in all age groups combined according to the modified Wong-Baker FACES scale. Secondary efficacy analyses found that the active system resulted in less @entity158 as assessed by subjects' VAS @entity158 assessments aged 8-18 years (P = 0.1856), responder analysis (P = 0.054), and parents' VAS assessments (P = 0.002). Venous procedures were successful in 95.5% and 96.2% of the active system and sham placebo groups, respectively. Treatment-emergent AEs, most commonly @entity390 and/or emesis, were not significant between groups. There were no serious AEs. The active system group had significantly more minor erythema and @entity548 /petechiae. IMPLICATIONS: The needle-free powder @entity3303 delivery system was well tolerated and produced superior @entity1337 compared with sham placebo when administered 1-3 minutes before pediatric venipuncture or peripheral venous cannulation. Treatment-related AEs occurred primarily at the administration site and were infrequent, generally mild, and resolved without sequelae. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00140088.

title: Safety and Efficacy of a Needle-free Powder XXXX Delivery System in Pediatric @entity1 Undergoing Venipuncture or Peripheral Venous Cannulation: Randomized Double-blind COMFORT-004 Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity70061 :: ('CHEBI:60791', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine hydrochloride monohydrate']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergies']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive skills']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'venous access pain']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['Lidocaine']


abstract: AIM: This study established predictive properties of single language milestones for @entity10870 ( @entity10870 ) after the age of four, as these had not previously been reported in the literature. METHODS: In this nested case-control study, @entity1 attending special needs schools for severe speech and language difficulties were matched with @entity1 attending mainstream schools. Data covering the ages of zero to four years were retrieved from well- @entity1 care clinics and the outcomes of 23 language milestones in the Dutch Developmental Instrument were analysed. The predictive properties were expressed as positive likelihood ratios, sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS: We included 253 pairs of @entity1 with and without @entity10870 , aged from four to 11 years. The mean age was eight years and three months, and 77% were @entity1 . From the age of 18 months, cases and controls differed significantly on all milestones (p < 0.01). After 24 months, the language milestones had positive likelihood ratios that ranging from 6 to 108. In general, language milestones had a high specificity (range 77-100%), but the sensitivity was relatively low (range 0-68%). CONCLUSION: Failure to meet language milestones from the age of 24 months was predictive of @entity10870 , but the use of separate milestones had limited value due to low sensitivity.

title: Failure to meet language milestones at two years of age is predictive of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boys', 'child']

entities_list: @entity10870 :: ('OMIM:606712', 'Disease') :: ['specific language impairment', 'SLI']

answer: @entity10870 :: (OMIM:606712,Disease) :: ['specific language impairment']


abstract: Two disorders of neuromuscular transmission producing @entity425 and easy fatigability which may confront the physician are @entity1737 and the @entity8491 . The former has @entity1109 and signs of oculobulbar and then @entity425 with rapid decline of action potential and contractile strength with repetitive use and nerve-muscle stimulation. Anticholinesterases improve strength. The @entity8491 has @entity1109 and signs of pelvic girdle, pectoral girdle and proximal limb @entity425 . This is worst when first starting to use or carry out nerve muscle stimulation in the rested muscles. It improves significantly for a time with use or on rapid stimulation, and then declines with continued activation. Deep tendon reflexes are sluggish or absent. @entity151 is often associated. @entity2097 improves the strength. Other features and possible underlying mechanisms of the two disorders help to differentiate and treat them.

title: XXXX and the @entity8491 .

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['early symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness', 'extremity weakness']

entities_list: @entity2097 :: ('MESH:D019791', 'Chemical') :: ['Guanidine']

entities_list: @entity8491 :: ('MESH:D020294', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['Small cell carcinoma of the lung']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['Myasthenia gravis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Pharmaceuticals are increasingly detected in environmental matrices, but information on their trophic transfer in aquatic food webs is insufficient. This study investigated the bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of 23 pharmaceuticals in Taihu @entity17360 , China. Pharmaceutical concentrations were analyzed in surface water, sediments and 14 aquatic species, including plankton, invertebrates and fish collected from the @entity17360 . The median concentrations of the detected pharmaceuticals ranged from not detected (ND) to 49  ng/L in water, ND to 49  ng/g dry weight (dw) in sediments, and from ND to 130  ng/g dw in @entity33867 . Higher concentrations of pharmaceuticals were found in zoobenthos relative to plankton, shrimp and fish muscle. In fish tissues, the observed pharmaceutical contents in the liver and brain were generally higher than those in the gills and muscle. Both bioaccumulation factors (median BAFs: 19-2008  L/kg) and @entity33867 -sediment accumulation factors (median BSAFs: 0.0010-0.037) indicated a low bioaccumulation potential for the target pharmaceuticals. For eight of the most frequently detected pharmaceuticals in food webs, the @entity4059 ( @entity4059 ) were analyzed from two different regions of Taihu @entity17360 . The @entity4059 for @entity14698 , @entity1169 , @entity3522 , @entity5018 , @entity800 , @entity4258 , @entity2177 and @entity803 in the two food webs ranged from 0.28 to 1.25, suggesting that none of these pharmaceuticals experienced trophic magnification. In addition, the pharmaceutical @entity4059 did not differ significantly between the two regions in Taihu @entity17360 .

title: Bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of pharmaceuticals in food webs from a large freshwater XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity4258 :: ('MESH:D009643', 'Chemical') :: ['norfloxacin']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity4059 :: ('MESH:D007020', 'Disease') :: ['trophic magnification factors', 'TMFs']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity14698 :: ('MESH:D015575', 'Chemical') :: ['roxithromycin']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['ofloxacin']

answer: @entity17360 :: (83971,Species) :: ['lake']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A large proportion of @entity1 with @entity735 movement @entity146 (iRBD) develop a synucleinopathy, mostly @entity191 , @entity303 with @entity1832 , and @entity9576 . Therefore, identifying markers of @entity179 in iRBD could have major implications. We aimed to assess the usefulness of electroencephalography (EEG) spectral analysis performed during wakefulness for predicting the development of a @entity179 in iRBD. Fifty-four iRBD @entity1 , 28 of whom developed @entity191 , @entity9576 , or @entity303 with @entity1832 (mean follow-up: 3.5  years), and 30 healthy controls underwent at baseline a resting-state waking EEG recording, neurological exam, and neuropsychological assessment. Absolute and relative spectral powers were analyzed for 5 frequency bands in frontal, central, parietal, temporal, and occipital regions. The slow-to-fast [(    +   )/(b1  + b2)] power ratio for each of the 5 cortical regions and the dominant occipital frequency were calculated as an index of @entity73 . @entity1 who developed disease showed higher absolute delta and theta power in all 5 cortical regions compared to disease-free @entity1 and controls. The slow-to-fast power ratio was higher in all regions in @entity1 who developed disease than in the 2 other groups. Moreover, @entity1 who developed disease had a slower dominant occipital frequency compared to controls. The only significant difference observed between disease-free iRBD @entity1 and controls was higher absolute delta power in frontal and occipital regions in iRBD @entity1 . Specific EEG abnormalities were identified during wakefulness in iRBD @entity1 who later developed a synucleinopathy. EEG slowing is a promising marker of @entity179 in iRBD @entity1 .

title: Electroencephalogram slowing predicts @entity179 in @entity735 movement XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sleep behavior disorder']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cortical slowing']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity9576 :: ('MESH:D019578', 'Disease') :: ['multiple system atrophy']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic rapid eye']

entities_list: @entity1832 :: ('MESH:D020961', 'Disease') :: ['Lewy bodies']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration', 'neurodegenerative disease']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['sleep behavior disorder']


abstract: This study evaluated the predictive value of @entity419 PET for distant @entity3 -free survival and peritoneal recurrence-free survival as well as recurrence-free survival and overall survival after curative surgical resection in @entity1 with advanced @entity356 (AGC). METHODS: Two hundred seventy-nine @entity1 with AGC who underwent preoperative @entity419 PET and subsequent curative surgical resection were included. The @entity5 -to-normal liver uptake ratio (TLR) of @entity5 was measured, and the prognostic significance of TLR and @entity5 factors for distant @entity3 -free survival, peritoneal recurrence-free survival, recurrence-free survival, and overall survival was assessed. RESULTS: The 5-y recurrence-free survival, peritoneal recurrence-free survival, distant @entity3 -free survival, and overall survival rates were 46.9%, 68.5%, 76.0%, and 58.1%, respectively. Depth of @entity5 invasion, lymph node @entity3 , lymphovascular invasion, and TLR were independent prognostic factors for both recurrence-free survival and overall survival (P<0.05). For distant @entity3 -free survival, lymphovascular invasion and TLR were independent risk factors (P<0.05). In @entity1 with a TLR of 2.0 or less, the 5-y distant @entity3 -free survival rate was 95.5%; in @entity1 with a TLR greater than 2.0, the 5-y distant @entity3 -free survival rate was 68.8%. For peritoneal recurrence-free survival, TLR showed no statistical significance (P=0.7) whereas pT stage, lymph node @entity3 , Lauren classification, and Bormann type were independent prognostic factors (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity419 uptake of AGC is an independent prognostic factor for distant @entity3 -free survival, recurrence-free survival, and overall survival. The possibility of distant @entity3 during follow-up should be considered in @entity1 with high @entity419 uptake.

title: Relationship Between @entity419 Uptake on PET and Recurrence Patterns After Curative Surgical Resection in @entity1 with Advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer lesions']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric Cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: While important changes in circadian rhythms take place during adolescence and young adulthood, it is unclear how circadian profiles during this period relate to @entity146 . This study aimed to: (i) characterise morningness-eveningness preference in young @entity1 with primary @entity148 , @entity308 , @entity162 as compared to healthy controls, and (ii) to investigate associations between morningness-eveningness preference and the severity of @entity146 symptoms. Four hundred and ninety-six males and females aged between 12 and 30 years were divided into five groups according to primary diagnosis. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale were administered by a research psychologist and @entity1 completed the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale and the Horne-  stberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (ME). ME scores were significantly lower (i.e. higher levels of "eveningness") in all @entity1 diagnosis subgroups compared to the control group. The @entity716 group had higher ME scores than the @entity308 and @entity148 groups. Compared to the control group, the @entity148 , @entity308 and @entity162 had a significantly higher proportion of "moderate evening" types, with a similar trend for the @entity716 group. The proportion of "extreme evening" types was significantly higher in the @entity148 and @entity308 subgroups than in the control group. Lower ME scores correlated with worse @entity458 in males from the bipolar group. Lower ME scores correlated with higher @entity308 severity in females with @entity308 and in males with @entity162 . These results suggest that young @entity1 with various @entity146 , especially those with @entity1316 , present with a stronger "eveningness" preference and higher rates of evening chronotypes than healthy controls from the same age group. Later chronotypes were generally associated with worse @entity458 and symptoms severity. These associations were modulated by sex and primary diagnosis.

title: Clinical correlates of chronotypes in young XXXX with @entity146 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'bipolar subgroups', 'bipolar or psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'mental disorders', 'emerging mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: BACKGROUND: No uniform consensus exists to decide type of fixation for arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Hypothsis: There is similar functional outcome after rigid @entity4682 compared to other methods of fixation which has been published. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective observational study. METHODS: A total of 50 @entity1 underwent arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring tendons using femoral Rigid @entity4682 cross-pin and interference screw tibial fixation. The evaluation methods were clinical examination, IKDC scores, Lysholm and pre injury and post reconstruction Tegner score. @entity1 were followed up from minimum of 6 months to 4 year seven months. RESULTS: C In our study of sample size 50 we found that mean age of @entity1 was 30.8 Years with male preponderance. Mean post operative IKDC and Lysholm score has been 75.6 and 84.4 respectively. Mean Tegner pre-injury score and post reconstruction score has been 5.4 and 4.26. Box plot comparison of pre injury and post operativeTegner score reveals a statistically significant difference with respect to paired t test P<0.001. CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with femoral rigid @entity4682 cross pins and tibial interference screws results in comparable short term to midterm functional results compared to other types of fixation.

title: Functional Outcome Following Arthroscopic ACL Reconstruction with Rigid XXXX : A Retrospective Observational Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

answer: @entity4682 :: (2158,Gene) :: ['Fix']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Constitute hypothesis for origin of supernumerary phantom limb (SPL) after @entity64 . METHOD: Single case description, review of literature and formulation of hypothesis. RESULTS: A 59-year-old lady was evaluated for complaints of left-sided @entity1269 and extra limbs attached to her left shoulder for the past 7 months. Neuropsychological assessment revealed left hemineglect with SPL, and profile suggested bilateral frontal, right parietotemporal and basal ganglia involvement. Magnetic resonance imaging brain scan showed gliotic cavity secondary to the old haematoma in right putamen with white matter changes in the right frontoparietotemporal lobes. CONCLUSIONS: The conceptual framework of @entity1053 can be used to classify many of the @entity16 of body representation. Generation of SPL comes under the subtype of pathology of updating among the @entity74 . The continuous updating allows the @entity1053 to modulate perceptual processing of objects according to their position in space. Brain areas classified as parts of motor system can, under pathological conditions ( @entity548 ), influence body perception. So, when she used to move her arm, the representation of the estimated position was not updated by the motor commands. Sensory and motor information therefore becomes discrepant, and failure to integrate these two sources of information leads to loss of normal coherence, and the perceived shape of the body was altered by adding a SPL to accommodate the discrepancy.

title: XXXX with supernumerary phantom limb: case study, review of literature and pathogenesis.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity1053 :: ('MESH:D001835', 'Disease') :: ['body schema']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['disorders of body schema']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: @entity281 are mostly caused initially by dermatophytes, @entity375 and less frequently by bacteria. Erythrasma caused by Corynebacterium minutissimum can be confused with superficial mycoses. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of the etiologic agents of superficial mycoses and the frequency of Corynebacterium minutissimum in @entity281 . All the samples obtained from the 121 @entity1 with @entity281 were examined directly with the use of 20% @entity4014 mounts and Gram stain under the microscope and cultured on Sabouraud's dextrose agar plates. In identification of superficial mycoses, the rate was found to be 14% with the cultural method and 14% with direct microscopic examination. Using a combination of direct microscopic examination and culture, a 33.8% ratio was achieved. In the culture of these samples, the most isolated factor was @entity12734 (33.7%). In 24 of the @entity1 (19.8%) Corynebacterium minutissimum was detected by Gram staining, in 6 of these @entity1 @entity12734 was found, @entity12736 was found in 2 and Trichosporon spp. was found in 1. The examination of @entity10395 in the laboratory, the coexistence of erythrasma with dermatophytes and @entity375 should be considered.

title: XXXX : Corynebacterium minutissimum and agents of superficial mycoses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4014 :: ('MESH:C029943', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium hydroxide']

entities_list: @entity10395 :: ('MESH:D005534', 'Disease') :: ['interdigital foot lesions']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['interdigital foot infections', 'Interdigital foot infections']

entities_list: @entity12736 :: ('523103', 'Species') :: ['Trichophyton mentagrophytes']

entities_list: @entity12734 :: ('5551', 'Species') :: ['Trichophyton rubrum']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Interdigital foot infections']


abstract: A @entity1 's ability to cope with having @entity4681 may be an important factor in determining their quality of life. We have developed a scale to measure coping strategies in @entity1 with MND. A disease-specific and @entity1 -focused approach was employed. Open-ended interviews were used to generate initial items. Coping with the condition was an important consideration for all subjects. The final scale was administered to a sample of 44 @entity1 with MND. A factor analysis of the results demonstrated subscales comprised of distinct styles of coping. Reliability and validity were demonstrated within individual subscales. Significant correlations were shown between coping styles and psychological well being, disease duration and disability. Although still at a preliminary stage of development, the MND Coping Scale is proposed as a useful tool for further longitudinal study of coping in MND, with the potential to discover cause effect relationships between coping and psychological outcome.

title: Quality of life issues in XXXX : the development and validation of a coping strategies questionnaire, the MND Coping Scale.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['motor neurone disease']

answer: @entity4681 :: (MESH:D016472,Disease) :: ['motor neurone disease']


abstract: @entity859 was shown to inhibit @entity1063 (NE) release from sympathetic nerve endings. The purpose of this study was to examine whether endogenous @entity859 restrains NE and @entity1425 release from the adrenal medulla. The effects of an @entity859 receptor antagonist, @entity28706 ( @entity28706 ), on @entity1425 and NE release induced by intravenous administration of insulin in conscious @entity35 were examined. Plasma @entity2661 were measured by HPLC with an electrochemical detector. @entity28706 significantly increased plasma @entity2922 in both control @entity35 and @entity35 treated with insulin. The effect of @entity28706 on plasma @entity2922 was significantly greater in @entity35 treated with insulin. Additional experiments were performed in adrenalectomized @entity35 to investigate the contribution of the adrenal medulla to the effect of @entity28706 on plasma @entity2922 . The effect of @entity28706 and insulin on @entity1425 in adrenalectomized @entity35 was significantly reduced compared with that of the controls. Finally, we tested whether endogenous @entity859 restrains @entity2922 secretion partially through inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system. The effect of @entity28706 on plasma @entity2922 in @entity35 pretreated with @entity3371 (an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor) was reduced. These results demonstrate that under basal physiological conditions, endogenous @entity859 tonically inhibits @entity2922 secretion from the adrenal medulla, and this effect is augmented when the sympathetic system is stimulated. The effect of endogenous @entity859 on @entity2922 secretion from the adrenal medulla is achieved partially through the inhibitory effect of @entity859 on the renin-angiotensin system.

title: Modulation of @entity2922 release by endogenous XXXX in the @entity35 adrenal medulla.

entities_list: @entity28706 :: ('MESH:C053896', 'Chemical') :: ['1,3-dipropyl-8-(p-sulfophenyl) xanthine', 'DPSPX']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine', 'adenosine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['adenosine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Compliance with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is essential in @entity1 with @entity27 ( @entity27 ), but adequate control is not always possible. This is clinically important because CPAP can reverse the morbidity and mortality associated with @entity27 . Telemedicine, with support provided via a web platform and video conferences, could represent a cost-effective alternative to standard care management. AIM: To assess the telemedicine impact on treatment compliance, cost-effectiveness and improvement in quality of life (QoL) when compared with traditional face-to-face follow-up. METHODS: A randomised controlled trial was performed to compare a telemedicine-based CPAP follow-up strategy with standard face-to-face management. Consecutive @entity27 @entity1 requiring CPAP treatment, with sufficient internet skills and who agreed to participate, were enrolled. They were followed-up at 1, 3 and 6   months and answered surveys about sleep, CPAP side effects and lifestyle. We compared CPAP compliance, cost-effectiveness and QoL between the beginning and the end of the study. A Bayesian cost-effectiveness analysis with non-informative priors was performed. RESULTS: We randomised 139 @entity1 . At 6   months, we found similar levels of CPAP compliance, and improved @entity25 , QoL, side effects and degree of satisfaction in both groups. Despite requiring more visits, the telemedicine group was more cost-effective: costs were lower and differences in effectiveness were not relevant. CONCLUSIONS: A telemedicine-based strategy for the follow-up of CPAP treatment in @entity1 with @entity27 was as effective as standard hospital-based care in terms of CPAP compliance and symptom improvement, with comparable side effects and satisfaction rates. The telemedicine-based strategy had lower total costs due to savings on transport and less lost productivity (indirect costs). TRIAL REGISTER NUMBER: NCT01716676.

title: A Bayesian cost-effectiveness analysis of a telemedicine-based strategy for the management of XXXX : a multicentre randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnoea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleep apnoea']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Urine drug screens (UDSs) are used to identify the presence of certain medications. One limitation of UDSs is the potential for false-positive results caused by cross-reactivity with other substances. @entity889 have an extensive list of cross-reacting medications. The literature contains reports of false-positive @entity4944 UDSs with multiple antidepressants and antipsychotics. We present 2 cases of presumed false-positive UDSs for @entity889 after ingestion of @entity1770 . Case 1 was a 16-month-old @entity1 who accidently ingested 15 to 45 mg of @entity1770 . She was lethargic and ataxic at home with 1 episode of @entity391 containing no identifiable tablets. She remained sluggish with periods of @entity146 and was admitted for observation. UDS on 2 consecutive days came back positive for @entity889 . Case 2 was of a 20-month-old @entity1 who was brought into the hospital after accidental ingestion of an unknown quantity of her father's medications which included @entity1770 . UDS on the first day of admission came back positive only for @entity889 . Confirmatory testing with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) on the blood and urine samples were also performed for both @entity1 on presentation to detect @entity889 and were subsequently negative. Both @entity1 returned to baseline and were discharged from the hospital. To our knowledge, these cases represent the first reports of false-positive @entity4944 urine drug tests with @entity1770 . In both cases, @entity1770 was the drug with the highest likelihood of causing the positive @entity4944 screen. The implications of these false-positives include the possibility of unnecessary treatment and monitoring of @entity1 .

title: Case Reports of @entity1770 Causing False-Positive Urine XXXX Drug Screens in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritability']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity889 :: ('MESH:D000662', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamines', 'Amphetamines']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity1770 :: ('MESH:C094645', 'Chemical') :: ['aripiprazole']

answer: @entity4944 :: (MESH:D000661,Chemical) :: ['Amphetamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) offers great opportunities for studying the biology of insect vectors of disease. Prerequisites for successful analyses include high quality annotated genome assemblies and that techniques designed for use with model organisms be tested and optimised for use with these insects. We aimed to test and improve genomic tools for studying the major @entity311 vector @entity314 . RESULTS: To guide future RNAseq transcriptomic studies of An. funestus, we compared two methods for enrichment of non-ribosomal RNA for analysis: enrichment of polyadenylated RNA and ribosomal RNA depletion using a kit designed to deplete @entity1 / @entity35 / @entity19 rRNA. We found large differences between the two methods in the resulting transcriptomes, some of which is due to differential representation of polyadenylated and non-polyadenylated transcripts. We used the RNAseq data for validation and targeted manual editing of the draft An. funestus genome annotation, validating 62  % of annotated introns, manually improving the annotation of seven gene families involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics and integrated two published transcriptomic datasets with the recently published genome assembly. CONCLUSIONS: The mRNA enrichment method makes a substantial, replicable difference to the transcriptome composition, at least partly due to the representation of non-polyadenylated transcripts in the final transcriptome. Therefore, great care should be taken in comparing gene expression data among studies. Ribosomal RNA depletion of total RNA using a kit designed to deplete @entity1 / @entity35 / @entity19 rRNA works in mosquitoes and, we argue, results in a truer representation of the transcriptome than poly(A) selection. The An. funestus genome annotation can be considerably improved with the help of these new RNAseq data and further guided manual gene editing efforts will be of great benefit to the Anopheles research community for studies of this insect's genome and transcriptome.

title: Molecular tools for studying the major XXXX vector @entity314 : improving the utility of the genome using a comparative poly(A) and Ribo-Zero RNAseq analysis.

entities_list: @entity314 :: ('62324', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles funestus']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The 585-nm flashlamp-pumped pulsed-dye laser (PDL) has proven to be the treatment of choice for certain keloids and @entity2805 , but the precise fluence, numbers of treatment, and treatment interval remain anecdotal. OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to determine whether the therapeutic outcome of the PDL varies with the energy density (fluence) of the laser pulses and numbers of treatment. METHOD: Ten previously untreated, erythematous, keloidal or @entity1184 median sternotomy scars of 10 @entity1 were divided into 4 segments and were randomly treated with a 585-nm PDL at a fluence of 3, 5, and 7 J/cm(2) to 3 of 4 segments every 4 weeks for a total of 6 treatment sessions. One segment of each @entity1 's scars was untreated and served as a control. Clinical improvement including scar height, erythema, and pliability was evaluated before treatment and every 8 weeks for a total period of 32 weeks. Self-assessment was also determined by @entity1 on a 25% increment of improvement scale comparing week 0 and week 32. RESULTS: A significant improvement in scar height, erythema, and pliability was noted in all laser-treated scar areas. There was no significant difference in treatment outcome versus the fluence of the laser (3, 5, and 7 J/cm(2)), although there was a trend for lower fluences to show more improvement. Objective clinical improvement was seen as early as week 16, after more than two treatments were given. Multiple treatments (>2) appeared to provide a greater percentage of scar resolution. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical improvement of scars after PDL treatment demonstrates no statistically significant fluence dependence in this study, but a trend toward better response with lower fluences is seen. In addition, multiple treatment sessions are suggested for achieving greater response.

title: Energy density and numbers of treatment affect response of keloidal and XXXX sternotomy scars to the 585-nm flashlamp-pumped pulsed-dye laser.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2805 :: ('MESH:D017439', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic scars']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) may promote hepatic tumorgenesis through low-grade @entity32 . Therefore, we assessed the association of long-term exposure levels of PM2.5 and subsequent risk of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) and investigated the mediation effect of @entity32 as represented by @entity3929 aminotransferase (ALT) on this association. METHODS: Between 1991 and 1992, we recruited 23 820 @entity1 in Taiwan with no history of @entity157 . Case @entity1 of @entity157 were ascertained through computerized data linkage with the National @entity5 Registry and death certification systems. @entity1 ' exposures to PM2.5 were based on a four-year average retrieved from stationary monitoring sites. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between PM2.5 exposure and @entity157 incidence. Mediation effects of ALT on PM2.5-associated @entity157 incidence were estimated. RESULTS: A total of 464 @entity157 cases were newly diagnosed with a median follow-up of 16.9 years. Statistically significantly increasing trends between PM2.5 exposures and ALT were observed on the Main Island and Penghu Islets. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for @entity157 on the Penghu Islets was 1.22 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02 to 1.47) per PM2.5 interquartile range (IQR) increment (0.73   g/m(3)) exposure. We also found a positive association between PM2.5 exposure (per IQR increment, 13.1   g/m(3) ) and @entity157 incidence on the Main Island. Furthermore, ALT had a statistically significant mediation effect on PM2.5-associated @entity157 incidence (HR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.02 to1.52 on the Main Island; HR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.03 to 1.07 on the Penghu Islets) per PM2.5 IQR increment. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term PM2.5 exposure increased the risk for @entity96 , and chronic @entity32 of the liver may underlie the pathogenesis.

title: Fine Particle Pollution, @entity3929 Transaminase, and XXXX : A Taiwanese Prospective Cohort Study (REVEAL-HBV).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['Liver Cancer']


abstract: The current taxonomy of probiotic @entity880 bacteria is reviewed with special focus on the genera @entity13376 , @entity13854 and Enterococcus. The physiology and taxonomic position of species and strains of these genera were investigated by phenotypic and genomic methods. In total, 176 strains, including the type strains, have been included. Phenotypic methods applied were based on biochemical, enzymatical and physiological characteristics, including growth temperatures, cell wall analysis and analysis of the total soluble cytoplasmatic proteins. Genomic methods used were pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR (RAPD-PCR) and DNA-DNA hybridization for bifidobacteria. In the genus @entity13376 the following species of importance as probiotics were investigated: @entity9206 group, @entity6329 group and @entity6374 / @entity10688 group. Most strains referred to as @entity9206 in probiotic products could be identified either as @entity24046 or as @entity13376 , both members of the @entity9206 group. A similar situation could be shown in the @entity6329 group, where most of the strains named @entity6329 belonged to @entity6983 subspp. A recent proposal to reject the species @entity6983 and to include this species in the restored species @entity6329 with a neotype strain was supported by protein analysis. @entity13854 spp. strains have been reported to be used for production of fermented dairy and recently of probiotic products. According to phenotypic features and confirmed by DNA-DNA hybridization most of the bifidobacteria strains from dairy origin belonged to @entity14320 , although they were often declared as @entity13854 by the manufacturer. From the genus Enterococcus, probiotic Ec. faecium strains were investigated with regard to the vanA-mediated resistance against glycopeptides. These unwanted resistances could be ruled out by analysis of the 39 kDa resistance protein. In conclusion, the taxonomy and physiology of probiotic @entity880 bacteria can only be understood by using polyphasic taxonomy combining morphological, biochemical and physiological characteristics with molecular-based phenotypic and genomic techniques.

title: Taxonomy and physiology of probiotic XXXX bacteria.

entities_list: @entity13376 :: ('33959', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus', 'L. johnsonii']

entities_list: @entity13854 :: ('216816', 'Species') :: ['B. longum', 'Bifidobacterium']

entities_list: @entity9206 :: ('1579', 'Species') :: ['L. acidophilus']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactic acid']


abstract: The effect of @entity3812 injections on the ultrastructural localization of @entity69167 ( @entity69167 ) was studied in the mitral cells of the @entity35 olfactory bulb. In control animals, electron-dense reaction product representing @entity69167 activity was observed in lysosomes, lipofuscin granules, short cisternae located close to the granular endoplasmic reticulum, and dense granules. Lysosomes and lipofuscin granules were the most intensely stained organelles. @entity69167 -containing organelles were localized mainly to the cell body and were randomly distributed in the perikaryal cytoplasm. Twenty-four hours after a 100-micrograms intracerebroventricular @entity3812 injection, the distribution of @entity69167 -containing organelles was drastically altered. Short cisternae and dense granules containing @entity69167 reaction product were noticeably absent in these preparations. Lysosomes and lipofuscin granules were depleted from the perikaryal cytoplasm and were concentrated in dendrites. Lysosomes were observed to extend for considerable distances in dendrites where they acquired elongated and dumbbell shapes. The shapes of some of these labeled lysosomes gave the impression that they were actively being "pulled" into the dendrites. These results indicate that microtubules sequester lysosomes to the perikaryal cytoplasm and suggest the presence of a novel transport system responsible for the movement of lysosomes from the cell body to the dendrites.

title: Dendritic transport. II. Somatofugal movement of neuronal lysosomes induced by XXXX : evidence for a novel transport system in dendrites.

entities_list: @entity69167 :: ('83799(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['dipeptidyl peptidase II', 'Dpp II']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

answer: @entity3812 :: (MESH:D003078,Chemical) :: ['colchicine']


abstract: Scintimammography is a relatively new, non-invasive diagnostic modality in the evaluation of @entity0 . The purpose of the current study was to review the existing literature on the accuracy of scintimammography in the diagnosis of @entity0 . A search of all articles published between 1st January 1967 and 31st December 1999 was conducted. A total of 64 unique studies were selected. Each scientific paper was reviewed for scientific merit by an epidemiologist, a surgeon and a surgical resident. Assessment of scientific merit was based on a scoring scheme developed for the study. The articles included in this review reported data on a total of 5340 @entity1 assessed for @entity0 with scintimammography. The aggregated summary estimates on these @entity1 were sensitivity: 85.2% and specificity: 86.6%. For @entity1 with a palpable mass the sensitivity and specificity were 87.8 and 87.5%, respectively. For @entity1 without a palpable mass the sensitivity was 66.8% and that for specificity was 86.9%. The results of this review have shown that scintimammography may be used effectively as an adjunct to mammography and physical examination in the diagnosis of @entity0 .

title: XXXX diagnosis by scintimammography: a meta-analysis and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']


abstract: We studied the psychological impact and psychosocial consequences of direct presymptomatic testing for @entity2033 in Norway. We interviewed 30 out of a total of 43 @entity1 at risk for @entity2033 who had been tested one to three years earlier, and had been through the test program, and 19 of their spouses. We also included 16 @entity1 at risk who had decided not to take the test. 22 @entity1 were non-carriers, and seven carriers. One had decided not to know the answer so far. 13 out of 30 answered that the risk of getting @entity2033 had influenced choices they had made in their lives, but quite a few did not know that they were at risk before they had grown up. Six couples out of 21 had divorced after the test; only three said it happened because of the test result. The main problem for many of the @entity1 who now know they are non-carriers is that siblings already are sick or know they will get the disease. 15 @entity1 (50%) experienced the need for some kind of psychiatric treatment during the pre-test period, during the test procedure, or after the test. Eight @entity1 said they had wanted a closer follow-up after the test; most of them had got a negative answer. In this study most of those at risk had adapted reasonably well to the test results. Only seven @entity1 out of 30 were found to be carriers in our study. We therefore have reason to believe that among the 13 tested @entity1 who declined to be involved in the study, the majority had been identified as carriers. Our findings may lend support to a hypothesis suggesting two kinds of response to being identified as carrier. According to studies of @entity1005 , one group adjusts reasonably well. The other group responds by avoiding follow-up contact with professional teams, which suggests more @entity158 and distress.

title: [Psychosocial consequences of presymptomatic genetic testing. A retrospective study of testing for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial pain']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ["Huntington's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorders']

answer: @entity2033 :: (MESH:D006816,Disease) :: ['Huntington disease']