abstract: BACKGROUND: The ability to wait and to weigh evidence is critical to behavioral regulation. These behaviors are known as waiting and reflection @entity23 . In Study 1, we examined the effects of @entity2727 , a @entity935 and @entity1063 reuptake inhibitor, on waiting and reflection @entity23 in healthy young individuals. In study 2, we assessed the role of learning from feedback in @entity74 . METHODS: We used the recently developed 4-Choice Serial Reaction Time task and the Beads task. Twenty-eight healthy volunteers were tested twice in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial with 20mg @entity2727 . In the second study, we analyzed premature responses as a function of prior feedback in @entity74 . RESULTS: Study 1: @entity2727 was associated with greater waiting @entity23 to a cue predicting reward along with faster responding to target onset without a generalized effect on reaction time or attention. @entity2727 influenced reflection @entity23 based on baseline @entity23 . Study 2: More premature responses occurred after premature responses in stimulant-dependent subjects. CONCLUSIONS: We show that @entity2727 has dissociable effects on waiting and reflection @entity23 . Chronic stimulant exposure impairs learning from prior premature responses, suggesting a failure to learn that premature responding is suboptimal. These findings provide a greater mechanistic understanding of waiting @entity23 .

title: Waiting Impulsivity: The Influence of Acute XXXX and Feedback.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['impulsivity']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['disorders of addiction']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylphenidate', 'methylphenidate']

answer: @entity2727 :: (MESH:D008774,Chemical) :: ['Methylphenidate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4903 is a major modulation network among the nervous, endocrine and immune system and weights greatly in maintaining homeostasis of organisms during stress and @entity281 . Some microRNAs are found interacting with NEI system (designated NeurimmiRs), addressing @entity514 modulations on immune system. The oyster @entity6796 , as an intertidal bivalve, has evolved a primary NEI system. However, the knowledge about NeurimmiRs in oysters remains largely unknown. RESULTS: Six small RNA libraries from haemocytes of oysters stimulated with @entity934 ( @entity3451 ) and @entity1063 (NE) were sequenced to identify neurotransmitter-responsive miRNAs and survey their immunomodulation roles. A total of 331 miRNAs (132 identified in the present study plus 199 identified previously) were subjected to expression analysis, and twenty-one and sixteen of them were found @entity3451 - or NE-responsive, respectively (FDR   <   0.05). Meanwhile, 21 miRNAs exhibited different expression pattern after @entity3451 or NE stimulation. Consequently, 355 genes were predicted as putative targets of these neurotransmitter-responsive miRNAs in oyster. Through gene onthology analysis, multiple genes involved in @entity204 , immune system process and response to stimulus were annotated to be modulated by NeurimmiRs. Besides, a significant decrease in haemocyte phagocytosis and late-apoptosis or @entity39 rate was observed after @entity3451 and NE stimulation (p   <   0.05) while early-apoptosis rate remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: A comprehensive immune-related network involving PRRs, intracellular receptors, signaling transducers and immune effectors was proposed to be modulated by @entity3451 - and NE-responsive NeurimmiRs, which would be indispensable for oyster haemocytes  to respond against stress and @entity281 . Characterization of the NeurimmiRs would be an essential step to understand the NEI system of invertebrate and the adaptation mechanism of oyster.

title: The comprehensive immunomodulation of NeurimmiRs in haemocytes of oyster XXXX after @entity934 and @entity1063 stimulation.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity6796 :: ('29159', 'Species') :: ['Crassostrea gigas']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['Neural-endocrine-immune (NEI) system']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity6796 :: (29159,Species) :: ['Crassostrea gigas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity205 ( @entity870 )-induced @entity8 is common after liver transplantation. We evaluated the efficacy of tapering @entity870 to a very low dose and introducing @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) in long-term liver-transplant recipients with @entity8 . In addition, we assessed the impact of this strategy on calcineurin inhibition and on transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta levels. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 19 adult, long-term (>1 year) liver-transplant recipients with a decreased @entity1011 clearance greater than 25% compared with the first month posttransplant. @entity2098 was introduced, and @entity870 was tapered to 25 mg twice daily. Calcineurin inhibition and @entity2533 were measured at baseline and 3 months thereafter. RESULTS: The @entity870 dose was tapered over 13+/-3 weeks. At 1-year follow-up, serum @entity1011 decreased from 141+/-24 to 105+/-22 micromol/L (P=0.002), @entity1011 clearance increased from 53+/-9 to 71+/-19 ml/min (P=0.02), and glomerular filtration rate increased from 40+/-13 to 64+/-18 mL/min (P=0.002). The incidence of acute rejection was 29%. Antihypertensive medications were discontinued in 71% of the @entity1 . Although @entity870 levels decreased significantly, serum @entity2533 did not differ from normal controls, and calcineurin inhibition remained stable. The incidence of gastrointestinal side-effects and @entity1431 was 18% and 24%, respectively. CONCLUSION: In long-term liver-transplant recipients with @entity8 , the introduction of @entity2098 followed by tapering of @entity870 to a very low dose resulted in a significant improvement in renal function. However, this strategy maybe associated with a risk of acute rejection. The clinical pertinence of measuring serum @entity2533 levels and calcineurin inhibition remains to be determined.

title: Efficacy of @entity618 combined with very low-dose @entity205 microemulsion in long-term liver-transplant @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal dysfunction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) is widely used for initial staging and monitoring treatment responses in Hodgkin and diffuse large @entity1892 . However, its prognostic value in extranodal natural killer (NK)/ @entity784 (ENKL) remains unclear. Here, we conducted a retrospective study to determine the impact of PET/CT in ENKL. Fifty-two @entity1 newly diagnosed with ENKL were enrolled. Baseline maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax), whole-body metabolic @entity5 volume (WBMTV) and whole-body total lesion glycolysis (WBTLG) were recorded. Additionally, interim PET/CT (I-PET) and end-of-treatment PET/CT (E-PET) results were scored using a 5-point scale. @entity1 were divided into groups using baseline parameter cut-off values; significant differences were found in @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and progression-free survival (PFS) between the high and low WBMTV and WBTLG groups and in @entity1349 between the two SUVmax groups. Positive I-PET and E-PET results predicted @entity1349 . A multivariate analysis showed that baseline WBTLG, I-PET and E-PET results were associated with PFS and @entity1349 , and baseline SUVmax was an independent predictor of @entity1349 . Thus, baseline WBTLG, I-PET and E-PET results are good predictors of PFS and @entity1349 in ENKL @entity1 who received @entity4445 /pegaspargase in their first-line treatment, and baseline SUVmax is a valuable tool for assessing @entity1349 .

title: Utility of baseline, interim and end-of-treatment (18)F-FDG PET/CT in extranodal natural killer/ @entity784 XXXX treated with @entity4445 /pegaspargase.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'inferior PFS and OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION: @entity124 ( @entity124 ) is a hallmark of defective mismatch repair and is present in approximately 20% of @entity43 . It is not known if the presence of @entity124 predicts survival in @entity1 with @entity43 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cases of @entity43 were ascertained from a population-based study in Ontario and @entity5 samples were tested for @entity124 , using five @entity124 markers. @entity1 were divided into @entity124 -high and @entity124 -low/normal, according to National @entity5 Institute criteria. The authors compared the prevalence of specific prognostic factors in the two subgroups, including age, grade, stage, and histology. They estimated the hazard ratio for @entity204 from @entity43 associated with @entity124 -high and with other prognostic factors using a multi-variate analysis. RESULTS: A total of 418 @entity43 @entity1 were included. One hundred and twenty-seven (19.7%) @entity5 were @entity124 - high. Subgroup analyses did not reveal any statistically significant differences for pathologic features associated with @entity124 status. No survival difference was seen according to @entity124 status. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of @entity124 in @entity43 is not associated with survival.

title: Survival in @entity1 with XXXX with and without microsatellite instability.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancers', 'ovarian cancer', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['Microsatellite instability', 'MSI']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'cancers', 'tumour']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Ruminant animals (domesticated or wild) emit @entity577 ( @entity578 ) through enteric fermentation in their digestive tract and from decomposition of manure during storage. These processes are the major sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from animal production systems. Techniques for measuring enteric @entity578 vary from direct measurements (respiration chambers, which are highly accurate, but with limited applicability) to various indirect methods (sniffers, laser technology, which are practical, but with variable accuracy). The @entity9809 (SF6)  tracer gas method is commonly used to measure enteric @entity578 production by animal scientists and more recently, application of an Automated Head-Chamber System (AHCS) (GreenFeed, C-Lock, Inc., Rapid City, SD), which is the focus of this experiment, has been growing. AHCS is an automated system to monitor @entity578 and @entity544 ( @entity3158 ) mass fluxes from the breath of ruminant animals. In a typical AHCS operation, small quantities of baiting feed are dispensed to individual animals to lure them to AHCS multiple times daily. As the animal visits AHCS, a fan system pulls air past the animal's muzzle into an intake manifold, and through an air collection pipe where continuous airflow rates are measured. A sub-sample of air is pumped out of the pipe into non-dispersive infra-red sensors for continuous measurement of @entity578 and @entity3158 concentrations. Field comparisons of AHCS to respiration chambers or SF6 have demonstrated that AHCS produces repeatable and accurate @entity578 emission results, provided that animal visits to AHCS are sufficient so emission estimates are representative of the diurnal rhythm of rumen gas production. Here, we demonstrate the use of AHCS to measure @entity3158 and @entity578 fluxes from dairy @entity291 given a control diet or a diet supplemented with technical-grade cashew nut shell liquid.

title: The Use of an Automated System (GreenFeed) to Monitor Enteric @entity577 and XXXX Emissions from Ruminant Animals.

entities_list: @entity9809 :: ('MESH:D013459', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfur hexafluoride']

entities_list: @entity577 :: ('MESH:D008697', 'Chemical') :: ['methane']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity544 :: (MESH:D002245,Chemical) :: ['Carbon Dioxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To obtain the long-term follow-up information on @entity1 born with severe @entity28030 associated with @entity4998 who underwent a staged surgical correction of their @entity2650 and were raised as males. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study comprised @entity1 who had undergone a surgical correction of @entity2650 before 1978 and were traced successfully. Postal questionnaires which were completed and returned by 19 @entity1 and 28 general practitioners (GPs) were evaluated; in addition, nine cases were clinically reviewed. RESULTS: Of the 19 @entity1 who completed and returned the questionnaire, four were married or living with a partner and 12 had had intercourse, with debut at a median age of 17 years. Satisfactory erection and orgasm were reported by 15 @entity1 but only seven had satisfactory ejaculation. Nine @entity1 had continued difficulties with micturition and urological function. Four @entity1 considered that their psychological well-being and quality of life had been markedly impaired by their condition and two other @entity1 had evidence of mild @entity308 . Nine @entity1 did not complete the questionnaires but allowed their GPs to provide information about them; only one was reported to have marked @entity73 and @entity73 . Two of the @entity1 who did not participate in the study are known to have significant @entity146 problems. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 repair in @entity1 with severe @entity28030 is associated with continued difficulty with both ejaculation and micturition, but is not usually associated with major @entity146 . The findings indicate the importance of follow-up in adolescence and adult life with adequate counselling when necessary.

title: Severe XXXX with @entity4998 : adult outcome after @entity5 repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity4998 :: ('MESH:D012734', 'Disease') :: ['genital ambiguity']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric or psychological disturbance']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Staged hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['psychological impairment', 'impaired general health']

entities_list: @entity28030 :: ('MESH:C535830', 'Disease') :: ['perineoscrotal hypospadias']

answer: @entity2650 :: (MESH:D007021,Disease) :: ['hypospadias']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1687 ( @entity1687 ) is a rare @entity14827 featuring pleiotropic neurological, @entity146 and visceral manifestations. Since many of the adult manifestations can be non-specific or missed, @entity1687 often goes undetected in adult-onset @entity1 . Here we hypothesized that targeted high-throughput sequencing allows identifying @entity1687 @entity1 among subjects with unexplained early-onset @entity2055 (EOA) and, moreover, that this population is enriched for @entity38153 mutations. From 204 consecutive EOA @entity1 , all 108 subjects with an established diagnosis were removed (including 4 @entity38153 @entity1 ), yielding a target cohort of 96 subjects with unexplained EOA, but without primary suspicion of @entity1687 . This cohort was investigated for @entity38153 / @entity59317 mutations using a high-coverage HaloPlex gene panel including 122 @entity2055 genes. Among 96 samples, we identified 4 known @entity38153 mutations, 3 novel @entity38153 missense variants of uncertain significance (VUS) and 1 novel @entity59317 missense VUS. The total mutant allele frequency (8/192  =  4.17  %) was significantly enriched compared with control population data (1.57  %; p  =  0.011). Two @entity38153 -positive @entity1 were identified (both with non-specific incipient clinical features), giving a @entity38153 @entity1 frequency of 2/96  =  2.1  % in unexplained EOA and of 6/204  =  2.9  % in the total EOA series. @entity38153 mutations are substantially enriched in unexplained EOA, demonstrating EOA as a risk-group for @entity1687 disease. Targeted high-throughput sequencing allows to identify also those @entity1687 @entity1 with non-specific conditions where the diagnosis has initially been missed. This method does not require having considered @entity1687 during differential diagnosis, but allows identification of @entity1687 as part of the default analysis.

title: XXXX is enriched in unexplained early onset @entity2055 : a targeted high-throughput screening.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1687 :: ('MESH:D052556', 'Disease') :: ['NP-C', 'Niemann-Pick disease type C']

entities_list: @entity14827 :: ('MESH:D020271', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal-recessive neurodegenerative disease']

answer: @entity38153 :: (4864,Gene) :: ['NPC1']


abstract: OBJECT: In this article the authors present a retrospective analysis of 654 surgical outcomes in @entity1 with @entity3165 entrapments, @entity130 , and @entity5 during a 30-year period. METHODS: Data were gathered between 1968 and 1998 at Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center. Mechanisms of @entity130 or lesions included 460 entrapments at the elbow level (70%), 76 lacerations (12%), 52 stretches/contusions (8%), 34 @entity174 / @entity3029 (5%), 12 gunshot wounds (2%), two injection-induced @entity130 (0.3%), and 13 nerve @entity5 (2%). In cases of entrapment, direct operative recordings uniformly demonstrated a slowing of conduction at the elbow, even in cases in which preoperative noninvasive studies had been nondiagnostic. Intraoperative electrical "inching" studies also demonstrated significant conduction abnormalities that lie just proximal to and through the olecranon notch rather than distal, beneath the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. There were only eight exceptions to this. Lesions not in continuity due to the injury required primary or secondary end-to-end sutures or graft repair. Aided by intraoperative nerve action potential recording, lesions in continuity received either external or internal neurolysis and split repair or resection followed by end-to-end suture or graft repair. Functional recoveries of Grade 3 or better were seen in 81 (92%) of 88 @entity1 who underwent neurolysis, 42 (72%) of 58 @entity1 who received suture repair, and 24 (67%) of 36 @entity1 who received graft repair. Nevertheless, fewer Grade 4 or 5 recoveries were reached than those seen in @entity1 with radial or median nerve @entity130 . @entity4847 were resected with preservation of preoperative function in five of seven @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Although difficult to obtain, useful functional recovery can be achieved with proper surgical management of @entity3165 entrapments and @entity130 .

title: Surgical outcomes of 654 XXXX lesions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3165 :: ('MESH:D020424', 'Disease') :: ['ulnar nerve']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['sheath tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4847 :: ('MESH:D018317', 'Disease') :: ['Nerve sheath tumors']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['dislocations']

answer: @entity3165 :: (MESH:D020424,Disease) :: ['ulnar nerve']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Syndecans are heparan sulfate proteoglycans characterized as transmembrane receptors that act cooperatively with the cell surface and extracellular matrix proteins. @entity49561 knockdown was performed in order to address its role in endothelial cells (EC) behavior. Normal EC and shRNA- @entity49561 -EC cells were studied comparatively using complementary confocal, super-resolution and non-linear microscopic techniques. Confocal and super-resolution microscopy revealed that @entity49561 knockdown alters the level and arrangement of essential proteins for focal adhesion, evidenced by the decoupling of @entity10274 from F-actin filaments. Furthermore, @entity49561 knockdown alters the actin network leading to filopodial protrusions connected by @entity3545 -rich junction. shRNA- @entity49561 -EC showed reduced adhesion and increased migration. Also, @entity49561 silencing alters cell cycle as well as cell proliferation. Moreover, the ability of EC to form tube-like structures in matrigel is reduced when @entity49561 is silenced. Together, the results suggest a mechanism in which @entity13224 acts as a central mediator that bridges @entity8946 , integrin and intracellular components (actin and @entity10274 ) and once silenced, the cytoskeleton protein network is disrupted. Ultimately, the results highlight @entity49561 relevance for balanced cell behavior.

title: Coupling of XXXX to F-actin demands @entity13224 proteoglycan.

answer: @entity10274 :: (7414,Gene) :: ['vinculin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and Tissue Inhibitor of Matrix Metalloproteinases (TIMPs) may be associated with atherogenesis and @entity397 . We evaluated the relationship between @entity3334 , @entity1495 , @entity2843 and @entity650 levels and risk factors, presentation, extent and severity of @entity453 ( @entity453 ). METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 who underwent coronary angiography were randomly included. The serum concentrations of @entity3334 , @entity1495 , @entity2843 and @entity650 were analyzed with ELISA method in 134 @entity1 . @entity1 were divided into 5 groups; @entity5749 ( @entity5749 ; n= 34), unstable @entity951 (USAP; n=29), @entity583 ( @entity583 ; n=16), @entity583 ( @entity583 ; n=25) and controls (n=30). Coronary angiographic Gensini score was calculated. RESULTS: @entity3334 levels were higher in @entity583 and @entity583 groups compared with USAP, @entity5749 and control groups ( @entity583 vs USAP p=0.005; @entity583 vs @entity5749 p=0.001; @entity583 vs control p<0.001; @entity583 vs USAP p=0.02; @entity583 vs @entity5749 p=0.027; @entity583 vs control p<0.001). In @entity583 group, @entity1495 levels were higher than USAP and control groups (p=0.002; p<0,001). @entity2843 levels were not significantly different within all 5 groups. @entity3334 levels were found to be elevated in @entity6 @entity1 (p=0.020); whereas @entity1495 levels were higher in smokers (p=0.043). Higher @entity3334 , @entity1495 and @entity650 levels were correlated with severe @entity6128 ( @entity6128 ) @entity850 and higher angiographic Gensini Score (for severe @entity6128 @entity850 ; r = 0.671, 0.363, 0.509 p<0.001; for Gensini score; r = 0.717, 0.371, 0.578 p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Serum levels of @entity3334 , @entity1495 , and @entity650 are elevated in @entity1 with @entity453 ; more so in @entity1187 . @entity3334 , @entity1495 and @entity650 are associated with more extensive and severe @entity453 (as represented by Gensini score).

title: Relationship Between @entity3334 , @entity1495 , @entity2843 , XXXX and Risk Factors, Clinical Presentation, Extent and Severity of @entity453 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['NSTEMI', 'STEMI', 'acute ST elevation myocardial infarction', 'non-ST elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['SAP', 'stable angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity6128 :: ('MESH:D020243', 'Disease') :: ['LAD', 'Left Anterior Descending artery']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['plaque rupture']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'atherosclerotic coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity650 :: (3569,Gene) :: ['IL-6']


abstract: Angiogenesis is required for @entity5 growth and @entity3 , and inhibition of angiogenesis is a promising approach for anticancer therapy. @entity1886 (a.k.a @entity1886 ) is an endothelium-specific receptor @entity669 kinase known to play a role in @entity5 angiogenesis. To explore the therapeutic potential of blocking the @entity1886 pathway, an adenoviral vector was constructed to deliver a recombinant, soluble @entity1886 receptor (AdExTek) capable of blocking @entity1886 activation. Two days after i.v. injection of AdExTek, the plasma concentration of ExTek exceeded 1 mg/ml and was maintained for about 8 days. Administration of AdExTek to @entity19 with two different well established @entity5 , a @entity19 @entity189 (4T1) or a @entity19 @entity320 (B16F10.9), significantly inhibited the growth rate of both @entity5 (64% and 47%, respectively). To study the effect of ExTek on @entity5 @entity3 , both @entity5 cell lines were coinjected i.v. with either AdExTek or a control virus. @entity19 coinjected with control virus developed numerous large, well vascularized lung metastases. In contrast, @entity19 coinjected with AdExTek virus developed few, if any, grossly apparent metastases, and histologic examination revealed only small avascular clusters of @entity5 cells. Administration of AdExTek also inhibited @entity5 @entity3 when delivered at the time of surgical excision of @entity5 in a clinically relevant model of @entity5 @entity3 . This study demonstrates the potential utility of gene therapy for systemic delivery of an antiangiogenic agent targeting an endothelium-specific receptor, @entity1886 .

title: Antiangiogenic gene therapy targeting the endothelium-specific receptor XXXX kinase @entity1886 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mammary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: Compared with other parts of the hand, the area beneath fingernails harbors the most microorganisms and is most difficult to clean. Artificial fingernails, which are usually long and polished, reportedly harbor higher microbial populations than natural nails. Hence, the efficacy of different hand washing methods for removing microbes from natural and artificial fingernails was evaluated. Strains of nonpathogenic @entity526 JM109 and @entity21063 F9 were used as bacterial and viral indicators, respectively. Volunteers with artificial or natural nails were artificially contaminated with ground beef containing @entity526 JM109 or artificial feces containing @entity21063 . Volunteers washed their hands with tap water, regular liquid soap, antibacterial liquid soap, @entity167 -based hand sanitizer gel, regular liquid soap followed by @entity167 gel, or regular liquid soap plus a nailbrush. The greatest reduction of inoculated microbial populations was obtained by washing with liquid soap plus a nailbrush, and the least reduction was obtained by rubbing hands with @entity167 gel. Lower but not significantly different (P > 0.05) reductions of @entity526 and @entity21063 counts were obtained from beneath artificial than from natural fingernails. However, significantly (P < or = 0.05) higher @entity526 and @entity21063 counts were recovered from hands with artificial nails than from natural nails before and after hand washing. In addition, microbial cell numbers were correlated with fingernail length, with greater numbers beneath fingernails with longer nails. These results indicate that best practices for fingernail sanitation of food handlers are to maintain short fingernails and scrub fingernails with soap and a nailbrush when washing hands.

title: A comparison of hand washing techniques to remove XXXX and caliciviruses under natural or artificial fingernails.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity21063 :: ('11978', 'Species') :: ['FCV', 'feline calicivirus (FCV) strain']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) outcomes in @entity1 with @entity978 ( @entity978 ) remain poorly defined. We performed a meta-analysis of allo-SCT studies in @entity978 @entity1 . The primary endpoints were 6-month, 1-year, 2-year and 3-year relapse-free survival (RFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). A total of 42 reports (1850 @entity1 ) was included. The pooled estimates (95% confidence interval) for 6-month, 1-year, 2-year and 3-year RFS were 77 (59-91)%, 50 (42-57)%, 37 (31-43)% and 31 (25-37)%, respectively. The corresponding numbers for @entity1349 were 83 (75-91)%, 68 (62-74)%, 58 (52-64)% and 50 (41-58)%, respectively. There was statistical heterogeneity among studies in all outcomes. In meta-regression, accrual initiation year in 2000 or later was associated with higher 6-month (P=0.012) and 1-year @entity1349 (P=0.046), and pre-SCT remission with higher 2-year @entity1349 (P=0.047) and 1-year RFS (P=0.016). In conclusion, outcomes of allo-SCT in @entity978 have improved over time, with 5-10% lower non-relapse mortality and relapse rates, and 15-20% higher RFS and @entity1349 in studies that initiated accrual in 2000 or later compared with earlier studies. However, there is no apparent survival plateau, demonstrating the need to improve on current allo-SCT strategies in relapsed/refractory @entity978 .Bone Marrow Transplantation advance online publication, 4 January 2016; doi:10.1038/bmt.2015.332.

title: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HL', 'Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin lymphoma']


abstract: @entity13296 refers to a group of uncommon and frequently fatal mycoses caused by fungi of the class Zygomycetes, the organisms of which are usually found in decaying organic matter. Disease can be transmitted by the inhalation of spores or by direct inoculation on disrupted skin or mucosa. For @entity395 such as @entity13296 , two or more cases occurring in a short time should be investigated as a probable @entity3082 . Twelve hospital outbreaks and two pseudoepidemics caused by Zygomycetes have been cited in the English literature. The first @entity3082 was recorded in 1977 and the last in 2008. Outbreaks have been reported in the USA, the UK and elsewhere in Europe. Cases have included cutaneous, disseminated, @entity358 . Species identified have included @entity7144 , Rhizopus rhizopodiformis, Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus spp., Absidia corymbifera and Rhizomucor pusillius. Sources of infection have included Elastoplast adhesive bandage rolls, ventilation systems, @entity5773 , karaya (plant-derived adhesive) ostomy bags, and water damage to a linen store and @entity1 shower room. @entity1 have included cardiosurgery @entity1 , renal transplant recipients, orthopaedic @entity1 , adult @entity1778 @entity1 , intensive care unit neonates, immunocompromised haematology @entity1 , and burn unit @entity1 . Although @entity13296 outbreaks in the hospital environment are infrequent, a high index of suspicion should exist if @entity39 appear in proximity to a postoperative wound. Direct tissue examination and tissue culture and histopathology must be routinely performed.

title: Outbreaks of XXXX in hospitals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7144 :: ('64495', 'Species') :: ['Rhizopus arrhizus']

entities_list: @entity5773 :: ('MESH:D014060', 'Disease') :: ['wooden tongue depressors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity13296 :: ('MESH:D020096', 'Disease') :: ['Zygomycosis', 'zygomycosis']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary and rhinocerebral disease']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare diseases']

answer: @entity13296 :: (MESH:D020096,Disease) :: ['zygomycosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although there are still some controversies, large previous studies have confirmed that intravenous (i.v.) @entity927 ( @entity928 ) can effectively reduce @entity190 and transfusions in @entity572 ( @entity572 ) without increasing the risk of @entity1150 . However, few studies have investigated the combination of i.v. and topical application of @entity928 in primary @entity572 . The purpose of our current study is to examine whether i.v. combined with topical administration of @entity928 @entity86 and transfusion rates after @entity572 . METHODS: From December 2013 to May 2014, all adult @entity1 undergoing primary @entity572 at our arthroplasty center were considered for inclusion in the present study. Included @entity1 were randomly assigned to two groups by computer-generated list number: a @entity928 group and a placebo group. @entity1 in the @entity928 group received i.v. (15   mg/kg) combined with topical administration (1.0   g) of @entity928 during the @entity572 procedure, and @entity1 in the other group received the same dosage of normal saline both i.v. and topically. Our primary outcome measures were @entity190 (calculated using Gross's equation), hemoglobin, hematocrit and platelet concentration changes on the third postoperative day, the amount of drainage, the amount of intraoperative @entity190 , the frequency of transfusion, and the number of blood units transfused. Secondary outcome measures were the length of postoperative stay, range of hip motion (measured by goniometer), @entity572 ( @entity572 ), and any perioperative @entity532 or events such as @entity281 , @entity11942 or PE. Range of motion and @entity572 were measured at 3   week follow-up and compared with preoperative values. RESULTS: This trial included 100 @entity1 (50 in each group). @entity1 in the @entity928 group had significantly higher postoperative hemoglobin (103 vs 87.7   g/dL, P < 0.01), lower hemoglobin changes (32.2 vs 44.9   g/dL, P < 0.01), higher postoperative hematocrit (0.32 vs 0.27   L/L, P < 0.01), lower hematocrit changes (0.1 vs 0.14   L/L, P < 0.01), @entity190 (822 vs 1100   mL, P = 0.004), lower drainage (117.8 vs 242.4   mL, P < 0.01), lower intraoperative @entity190 (193.8 vs 288.2   mL, P < 0.01), and lower transfusion rate (2% vs 34%, P < 0.01) compared with those in the placebo group. No statistical difference was found in postoperative platelets between the two groups. There were no differences in perioperative @entity532 or @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) events. CONCLUSIONS: The combined administration of i.v. and topical @entity928 resulted in a clinically relevant reduction in @entity190 , compared with placebo group. No @entity1031 @entity532 were observed. This randomized controlled trial supports the combined i.v. and topical administration of @entity928 in primary @entity572 .

title: Intravenous Combined with Topical Administration of XXXX in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss', 'lower total blood loss', 'total blood loss']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complications']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['HHS', 'THA', 'total hip arthroplasty', 'Harris hip scores']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['decreases postoperative blood loss']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity927 :: (MESH:D014148,Chemical) :: ['Tranexamic Acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Maternal @entity28 and @entity4854 increase risk of @entity28 and @entity6 in offspring later in life. OBJECTIVE: We examined the relation between gestational glycemia and prepregnancy body mass index (ppBMI) with offspring growth in an Asian mother-offspring cohort. DESIGN: Pregnant mothers undertook a 75-g 2-h oral- @entity413 -tolerance test at 26-28 wk of gestation. In 937 singleton offspring,  <=9 serial measurements of weight and length were obtained from birth until 36 mo of age. RESULTS: Gestational fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG) was positively associated with birth weight (B: 0.17; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.24; P < 0.001) and birth BMI (B: 0.15; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.40; P = 0.001) but not at >= 3 mo of age. In contrast, maternal ppBMI was positively associated with birth variables and conditional growth in weight and BMI in the first 36 mo of life. However, gestational FPG and prepregnancy @entity28 status interacted significantly for the association with offspring growth and overweight status in the first 36 mo of life (P-interaction < 0.01). In nonobese mothers, each unit increase in gestational FPG was associated with increased offspring weight (B: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.008, 0.16; P = 0.03) and BMI (B: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.003, 0.15; P = 0.04) as well as increased risk of overweight in the first 36 mo of life (OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.68). However, in @entity28 mothers, each unit increase in gestational FPG was associated with decreased offspring weight (B: -0.01; 95% CI: -0.02, -0.003) and BMI (B: -0.008; 95% CI: -0.01, -0.002) velocity (P < 0.01 for both) and decreased risk of overweight (OR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.41, 0.86) in the first 36 mo of life. CONCLUSIONS: Prepregnancy @entity1386 was associated with offspring growth in early childhood. Although pooled analyses showed no demonstrable difference by 3 mo of age, there were contrasting and opposite associations of gestational glycemia with weight and BMI in the first 36 mo of life in offspring of nonobese and @entity28 mothers separately. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01174875.

title: Associations of gestational glycemia and prepregnancy @entity1386 with offspring growth and XXXX in an Asian population.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

answer: @entity1386 :: (MESH:D018205,Disease) :: ['adiposity']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: @entity409 is a potential factor contributing to @entity5881 . @entity1068 depletes intestinal integrity and causes gut @entity6636 . @entity4876 , a fermentation byproduct of gut microbiota, is altered negatively following chronic @entity1068 exposure. This study aimed to determine whether prophylactic @entity18039 could protect the intestinal barrier and liver in @entity19 during combined chronic-binge @entity1068 exposure. METHODS: C57BL/6   J @entity19 exposed to 5% v/v @entity1068 -containing diet for 10   days received a single @entity1068 gavage (5   g/kg) 9   hrs prior to euthanasia. Control @entity19 were isocalorically pair-fed maltose dextrin for @entity1068 . Diets were supplemented (5   mM) with @entity18039 or @entity653 . Intestine and @entity409 activity was assessed histologically. Protein and mRNA expression of tight junction proteins (TJ), TLRs and @entity637 were assessed. Caco-2 monolayers with/without @entity1068 exposure and/or @entity4877 were used to test @entity4876 's direct effects on intestinal integrity. RESULTS: Chronic-binge @entity1068 feeding impaired intestinal TJ protein co-localization staining; however, @entity18039 co-treatment mitigated these effects. @entity1068 depleted TJ and transepithelial electrical resistance in Caco-2 monolayers, but @entity4876 co-treatment reduced these effects. Hepatic TLR mRNA expression and @entity637 protein expression was induced by @entity1068 ; however, the response was significantly dampened in @entity19 co-treated with @entity18039 . @entity18039 altered localization of both neutrophils and single hepatocyte death: leukocytes and apoptotic hepatocytes localized predominantly around the portal tract in @entity1068 -only treated @entity19 , whereas localization predominated around the central vein in @entity1068 - @entity18039 @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic @entity18039 supplementation mitigated effects of combined chronic-binge @entity1068 exposure on disruption of intestinal TJ localization and intestinal permeability and @entity99 .

title: Prophylactic XXXX treatment mitigates chronic-binge alcohol-induced intestinal barrier and @entity99 .

entities_list: @entity4876 :: ('MESH:D002087', 'Chemical') :: ['Butyrate', 'butyrate']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

entities_list: @entity5881 :: ('MESH:D008108', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Impaired gut-liver axis', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity6636 :: ('MESH:D064806', 'Disease') :: ['dysbiosis']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity4877 :: ('MESH:D020148', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium butyrate']

entities_list: @entity18039 :: ('MESH:C005830', 'Chemical') :: ['Tributyrin', 'tributyrin']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

answer: @entity18039 :: (MESH:C005830,Chemical) :: ['tributyrin']


abstract: The DSM-IV section of the DSM-IV and ICD-10 Personality Questionnaire (DIP-Q) was used to screen for @entity1314 in 448 subjects from three clinical samples (general and forensic @entity146 @entity1 and candidates for psychotherapy) and a sample of 139 healthy volunteers. Differences between the samples with regard to patterns of personality pathology in relation to concurrent @entity74 and sociodemographic variables were analysed. The prevalence of @entity1314 according to DIP-Q was 14% among the healthy volunteers, compared to 59% in the general @entity146 sample, 68% in the forensic @entity146 sample and up to 90% among psychotherapy candidates. Moreover, from a dimensional perspective (i.e. the number of fulfilled @entity2270 ), all clinical groups differed significantly from the control group in all specified personality dimensions and clusters. Dimensional DIP-Q cluster scores also discriminated significantly between the three clinical samples. Unexpectedly, the odds ratio for an @entity74 was nearly five times higher among psychotherapy applicants than among general @entity146 @entity1 , independent of concomitant @entity74 , gender or age. The strongest association between DIP-Q score and @entity74 was found for @entity308 , which more than doubled the odds ratio for a @entity1314 diagnosis. This association could result from high true comorbidity, but could also be due to the fact that a concomitant @entity308 state can increase self-reported personality difficulties. The high prevalence among psychotherapy candidates may to some extent reflect help-seeking exaggeration of problems. These are aspects to consider when using the DIP-Q, which overall appears to discriminate well between different samples.

title: Validation of the self-report questionnaire DIP-Q in diagnosing DSM-IV XXXX : a comparison of three @entity146 samples.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorders', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['Axis II criteria']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Axis II disorder', 'Axis I disorders']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality disorder', 'personality disorders']

answer: @entity1314 :: (MESH:D010554,Disease) :: ['personality disorders']


abstract: @entity232 is a worldwide uncontrolled @entity4801 due to the lack of effective drug and vaccine. To speed up effective drug development, we need powerful methods to rapidly assess drug effectiveness against the intracellular form of @entity3667 in high throughput assays. Reporter gene technology has proven to be an excellent tool for drug screening in vitro. The effects of reporter proteins on parasite infectivity should be identified both in vitro and in vivo. In this research, we initially compared the infectivity rate of recombinant @entity3667 expressing stably enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) alone or EGFP-luciferase (EGFP-LUC) with the wild-type strain. Next, we evaluated the sensitivity of these parasites to @entity2379 ( @entity237 ) as a standard drug in 2 parasitic phases, promastigote and amastigote. This comparison was made by @entity98 and @entity842 (NO) assay and by quantifying the specific signals derived from reporter genes like EGFP intensity and luciferase activity. To study the amastigote form, both B10R and @entity1357 macrophage cell lines were infected in the stationary phase and were exposed to @entity237 at different time points. Our results clearly revealed that the 3 parasite lines had similar in vitro infectivity rates with comparable parasite-induced levels of NO following interferon-y/lipopolysaccharide induction. Based on our results we proposed the more reporter gene, the faster and more sensitive evaluation of the drug efficiency.

title: In Vitro Infectivity Assessment by Drug Susceptibility Comparison of Recombinant XXXX Expressing Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein or EGFP-Luciferase Fused Genes with Wild-Type Parasite.

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['Leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity3667 :: ('5664', 'Species') :: ['Leishmania', 'Leishmania major']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic disease']

answer: @entity3667 :: (5664,Species) :: ['Leishmania major']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Increased atmospheric [ @entity3158 ] is likely to affect photosynthesis, plant growth, and yield potential of plants. Mustard ( @entity13344 L.) is an important oil seed crop that is widely grown in India. Therefore, the impact of elevated [ @entity3158 ] (585   mol  mol(-1)) on pigment and protein content, chlorophyll a fluorescence, photosynthetic electron transport reactions, @entity3158 assimilation, biomass production, and seed yield potential was measured in @entity13344 cv Pusa Bold, grown inside free air @entity544 enrichment (FACE) rings installed on the campus of Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India. Plants were grown for three consecutive winter seasons (2010-2013), in ambient (385   mol  mol(-1)) or elevated [ @entity3158 ], in field conditions. Elevated [ @entity3158 ] had no significant effect on the minimal @entity38 fluorescence (F 0), while the quantum efficiency of Photosystem II, measured as variable fluorescence (F v   =   F m-F 0) to maximum fluoresence (F m), increased by 3  %. Electron transport rate, photosystem I, photosystem II, and whole chain electron transport rates increased by 8  % in elevated [ @entity3158 ]. However, the net photosynthesis rate increased by    50  % in three growing seasons under elevated [ @entity3158 ] condition. The stomatal conductance and transpiration rate decreased resulting in higher photosynthetic water use efficiency. The photosynthesizing surface, i.e., leaf area index substantially increased leading to higher biomass and seed yield under elevated [ @entity3158 ] condition. Acclimatory downregulation of photosynthesis and plant productivity was not observed in three consecutive growing years suggesting that in the absence of nutrient limitation, @entity13344 is highly responsive to elevated @entity3158 whose yield potential shall increase in changing climatic conditions.

title: Photosynthesis and growth responses of mustard ( @entity13344 L. cv Pusa Bold) plants to free air XXXX enrichment (FACE).

entities_list: @entity13344 :: ('3707', 'Species') :: ['Brassica juncea', 'B. juncea']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity38 :: ('MESH:D002734', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorophyll']

answer: @entity544 :: (MESH:D002245,Chemical) :: ['carbon dioxide']


abstract: The @entity158 of transvenous cardioversion shocks in awake @entity1 is an important clinical problem. It is unknown whether psychological factors modulate any observed variation in @entity158 perception. Thirty-seven @entity1 with chronic @entity955 ( @entity955 ; mean age 61.9 years, 29 @entity1 , 8 @entity1 ) were consecutively included in the study. @entity158 perception of a low energy test shock (60V, 0.1J) during internal cardioversion was assessed immediately following the stimulus. Before treatment @entity148 , @entity308 , somatization were evaluated. The @entity1457 was perceived as hypalgesic in 15 (41%) @entity1 , as normalgesic in 10 (27%), and as @entity1931 in 10 (32%) @entity1 . @entity158 threshold was significantly lower in @entity1 in which @entity955 was accidentally diagnosed (p < 0.029). Age, sex, and the level of education were equally distributed over the three @entity158 groups. The @entity158 threshold was not associated with @entity148 , @entity308 , or the @entity1 ' tendency to amplify benign bodily sensations. This study discloses a wide range of perceived @entity158 intensity caused by a homogenous intracardiac stimulation. @entity148 and @entity308 do not amplify perception of @entity1457 . Sensory gating mechanisms may play a more important role in the level of @entity1457 perception than distressing affective factors.

title: Absence of an impact of emotional distress on the perception of XXXX discharges.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesic']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['intracardiac shocks', 'intracardiac shock']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'hyperalgesic pain']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['intracardiac shock']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze trends in the surgical management of @entity726 in Ontario over the past 2 decades. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of health records. METHODS: Ontario Health Insurance Plan billing service claims between 1992 and 2012 were analyzed for the yearly number of @entity726 laser and incisional surgical procedures. The yearly number of Ontarians with @entity725 ( @entity725 ) was estimated by applying composite prevalence curves to published population data and the yearly number of procedures per 1000 Ontarians with @entity725 was calculated. RESULTS: Per 1000 @entity1 with @entity725 , laser trabeculoplasty (LT) rates increased nearly 2-fold (185%) from 1992 to 2012, with the rates stabilizing between 2008 and 2012, and total @entity726 filtration procedure (GFP) rates (trabeculectomy, aqueous shunts, and combined GFP and @entity231 extraction) in 2012 were similar to those in 1992, with a peak rate noted in 1996. Shunts represented 0.9% of GFP in 1992 and 33% in 2012. Data for combination codes billed on the same day for the same @entity1 were available from 2000. From 2000 to 2012 the rates of trabeculectomy alone remained unchanged, the number of aqueous shunts alone increased more than 5-fold, combined trabeculectomy and @entity231 extraction decreased 81%, whereas combined shunts and @entity231 extraction increased from 6 in 2000 to 420 in 2012. Combined aqueous shunts and @entity231 extraction represented 0.4% of combined @entity231 extractions in 2000 and 26.3% in 2012. CONCLUSIONS: Over the past 2 decades there was an overall increase in the rate of LT, no change in the rate of trabeculectomies, and a significant increase in aqueous shunt surgery.

title: Trends in XXXX surgical procedures in Ontario: 1992-2012.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['primary open-angle glaucoma', 'POAG']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe corneal surface changes in @entity10243 ( @entity10243 ). METHODS: In all 23 @entity1 with @entity10243 were examined with the slit lamp and photographed by non-contact photomicrography. RESULTS: Without staining, grey surface cells and small epithelial cysts were visible. Application of @entity941 resulted in two types of micropunctuate (15-30 microm) staining, a nonfluorescent (yellow/brown) and a fluorescent (green) one, in brilliantly green staining of cysts, and in enlarging fluorescent (green) flecks (70-1600 microm) with propensity to confluence. The flecks often developed in inconspicuous areas and showed abnormal subsurface cells. Application of rose bengal resulted in more or less intensively red-stained cells measuring about 30 mm in diameter, often less (15-20 microm), with or without a centrally located nucleus, individual or gathered in small groups or larger patches, and in confluent staining. Smaller and larger cells, with or without nuclei, weakly or strongly stained, were often located close to each other. The smaller green flecks showed a few centrally located red-stained cells, and the larger ones showed many almost uniform small red-stained nucleated ones. CONCLUSIONS: Corneal epithelial surface disease in the present @entity10243 @entity1 consisted of unspecific features-such as increased light-reflecting property (grey cells), disruptions of intercellular junctions (micropunctuate green @entity941 staining), pathological dye uptake (micropunctuate yellow/brown @entity941 and red rose bengal stainings), and epithelial @entity4 (microcysts)--and also of features that seemed to be disease specific. Such features were, with @entity941 , focal disruptions of the epithelial barrier function manifesting in enlarging green flecks, and, with rose bengal, abundant nucleated cells, particularly small ones organised in foci. The nature of the abnormal subsurface cells present in the areas of the green flecks, and the mechanisms behind the focal involvement are unclear.

title: Corneal surface changes in XXXX . Part I: The surface proper. A non-contact photomicrographic in vivo study in the @entity1 cornea.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity10243 :: ('MESH:D007638', 'Disease') :: ['KCS', 'keratoconjunctivitis sicca']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein sodium', 'fluorescein']

answer: @entity10243 :: (MESH:D007638,Disease) :: ['keratoconjunctivitis sicca']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, total disk replacement and open door laminoplasty have been widely used to treat @entity1 with cervical spondylotic @entity602 and/or @entity614 . In our clinical practice, many @entity1 with @entity4720 also complain of @entity10 , and wish to know if the surgical treatment for @entity4720 can also alleviate this symptom. Considering that there is no literature concerning this extra benefit of surgical manipulation on @entity4720 , we have carried out this retrospective study. METHODS: Among the @entity1 treated with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, total disk replacement and open door laminoplasty in our institute for cervical spondylotic @entity602 and/or @entity614 between February 2002 to March 2011, 108 of whom that have complained about @entity10 at the same time were included in this study. Those @entity1 were followed by 25 to 145  months. Severity of @entity10 before the surgery and at the last follow up was recorded by VAS @entity158 scores and compared among the @entity1 with different surgical methods using SPSS17.0 software. One way ANOVA was used to compare VAS scores between the groups, paired sample t-tests were used to compare the differences in a group at different time points. RESULTS: @entity10 was significantly alleviated in all groups (P   <   0.01). Respectively, 75.0  % of the @entity1 in the ACDF group, 84.6  % of the @entity1 in the TDR group and 82.2  % of the @entity1 in the laminoplasty group were significantly relieved of the @entity10 after the surgery. No significant differences were found with the VAS score at the last follow up among the groups (P   >   0.05). No significant differences were found among the groups comparing the degree of alleviation of VAS scores before and after the surgery (P   >   0.05). DISCUSSION: Considering that all the three procedures in the current study have achieved similar effect on alliviating @entity10 in @entity1 with cevical @entity602 , and that what they have in common was that was the decompression of spinal cord, it can be assumed that the @entity10 associated with @entity4720 may be the result of compression on the spinal cord. CONCLUSIONS: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, total disk replacement and open door laminoplasty can all significantly alleviate @entity10 in @entity1 with cervical spondylotic @entity602 and/or @entity614 . No surgical technique is better than any other technique on alleviating cervical @entity10 associated with cervical spondylotic @entity602 and/or @entity614 .

title: Effect of different surgical methods on @entity10 associated with cervical spondylotic XXXX and/or @entity614 .

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'Headache']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity4720 :: ('MESH:D055009', 'Disease') :: ['cervical spondylosis']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['myelopathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Dietary patterns with @entity65 have been recommended, but the relative contributions of individual foods and food components, alone or in combination, remain undefined. Male @entity6970 (-/-) @entity19 were fed either a purified AIN-93G control diet, a @entity8928 ( @entity8928 ), or a @entity8928 with 10% @entity523 powder (TP), 2% soy germ (SG), or the combination, for 4 wk (n = 10 per group). Plasma total @entity165 and @entity1674 were measured with enzymatic colorimetric kits, and @entity35616 ( @entity35616 ) was measured by ELISA. Liver lipids were extracted with @entity3636 : @entity1042 , and @entity1674 , free and esterified @entity165 measured with enzymatic colorimetric kits. Expression of @entity52501 , @entity38296 , @entity34737 , and @entity34738 in the liver was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Sections of the aortic root and aorta were cut and stained with @entity1710 and @entity1711 (H_E) to assess extent of @entity731 . @entity8928 -fed animals had greater liver and adipose weights, plasma @entity165 and @entity35616 , hepatic lipids, and @entity731 than AIN-93G animals. TP and SG did not decrease @entity731 as measured by H_E-stained sections of the aortic root, aortic arch, and descending aorta. The TP diets further increased plasma @entity165 , but also led to increased expression of the @entity34737 /8 transporters involved in @entity165 efflux. Addition of SG alone to the @entity8928 attenuated @entity8928 -induced increases in plasma @entity165 , liver lipids, and gonadal adipose weight. The results of this study do not support the use of either TP or SG for reduction of @entity731 , but suggest some beneficial effects of SG on lipid metabolism in this model of @entity65 .

title: Effects of @entity523 and Soy Germ on Lipid Bioaccumulation and @entity731 in XXXX (-/-) @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity8928 :: ('MESH:D020241', 'Disease') :: ['Western diet', 'WD']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic lesions', 'atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular benefits']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6970 :: (11816(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['ApoE']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neuropathies associated with @entity706 (NAL) are rare and present a great clinical heterogeneity, making them difficult to diagnose and worsening their prognosis. OBJECTIVES: (1) To report the different patterns of NAL and discuss the mechanisms encountered; (2) to determine the relationship between a given type of @entity706 and a specific @entity16 ; and (3) to assess the prognosis of NAL. METHODS: Among 150 @entity1 with @entity706 and @entity16 , we selected 26 in whom the @entity16 was not related to drug induced or IgM-antimyelin associated @entity16 . The pattern of @entity16 was defined in terms of its clinical and electrophysiological features. Neurological improvement, haematological remission and occurrence of @entity204 were taken into account to determine the prognosis. RESULTS: 13 @entity1 (50%) had a demyelinating @entity305 ( @entity305 ), seven (27%) had a @entity614 linked to proximal root tumoral infiltration and six (23%) had an @entity4216 (MM) related to @entity2617 or to @entity8231 . @entity978 was only associated with demyelinating @entity305 . High grade B cell @entity706 was strongly associated with @entity614 . Neurological improvement was observed in 69% of @entity1 with demyelinating @entity305 , 29% with @entity614 and 50% with MM. Haematological remission was observed in 46% of @entity1 with demyelinating @entity305 , 29% with @entity614 and 83% with MM. CONCLUSIONS: Demyelinating @entity305 , the most frequently observed @entity16 in this study, had the best neurological prognosis. Chemotherapy combined with immune mediated treatment was the most effective treatment in this group. Identifying the type and mechanism of NAL is crucial in order to define the therapeutic strategy and improve the prognosis.

title: XXXX : a relationship between the pattern of @entity16 , type of @entity706 and prognosis?

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['distal lymphomatous infiltration']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['type of neuropathy', 'glycoprotein neuropathies', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy', 'PNP']

entities_list: @entity4216 :: ('MESH:D020422', 'Disease') :: ['axonal multiple mononeuropathy']

entities_list: @entity8231 :: ('MESH:D010257', 'Disease') :: ['paraneoplastic microvasculitis']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['Neuropathy in lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Large comparative studies that have evaluated long-term functional outcome of operatively treated @entity1171 are lacking. This study was performed to analyse the influence of several combinations of @entity174 on long-term functional outcome and development of @entity571 . METHODS: Retrospective cohort-study on operated (1995-2007) @entity174 . Results were assessed with use of the AAOS- and AOFAS-questionnaires, VAS- @entity158 score, dorsiflexion restriction (range of motion) and @entity571 . Categorisation was determined using the number of malleoli involved. RESULTS: 243 @entity1 with a mean follow-up of 9.6  years were included. Significant differences for all outcomes were found between unimalleolar (isolated fibular) and bimalleolar (a combination of fibular and medial) @entity174 (AOFAS 97 vs 91, p   =   0.035; AAOS 97 vs 90, p   =   0.026; dorsiflexion restriction 2.8   vs 6.7  , p   =   0.003). Outcomes after fibular @entity174 with an additional posterior fragment were similar to isolated fibular @entity174 . However, significant differences were found between unimalleolar and trimalleolar (a combination of lateral, medial and posterior) @entity174 (AOFAS 97 vs 88, p   <   0.001; AAOS 97 vs 90, p   =   0.003; VAS- @entity158 1.1 vs 2.3 p   <   0.001; dorsiflexion restriction 2.9   vs 6.9  , p   <   0.001). There was no significant difference in isolated fibular @entity174 with or without additional deltoid ligament injury. In addition, no functional differences were found between bimalleolar and @entity1171 . Surprisingly, poor outcomes were found for isolated @entity174 . Development of @entity571 occurred mainly in @entity1171 with a posterior fragment larger than 5  %. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study show that long-term functional outcome is strongly associated to @entity174 , isolated or as part of bi- or @entity1171 . More cases of @entity571 are found in @entity1171 .

title: Long-term functional and radiographic outcomes in 243 operated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'medial malleolar fractures', 'malleolar fractures']

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fractures', 'trimalleolar fractures']

answer: @entity1171 :: (MESH:D064386,Disease) :: ['ankle fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical diagnosis is often subjective and susceptible to bias, yet it is the primary standard by which diagnostic tests are judged. Consequently, our opinions regarding various diagnostic tests may not be entirely accurate. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the accuracy of the clinical history compared with concordant skin and quantitative specific IgE (s-IgE) measurements. METHODS: Consecutive, consenting @entity1 (N = 152) at 2 different @entity566 centers were examined by @entity4270 ( @entity4270 ) alone to determine their sensitivity to 7 common allergens. Results were classified as positive, negative, or indeterminate. The @entity4270 results were then compared to concordant skin prick testing (SPT) and s-IgE measurements and to quantitative IgE antibody measurements with and without knowledge of the SPT results. RESULTS: Diagnosis by @entity4270 deviated considerably from concordant SPT and s-IgE results. This deviation differed between allergists and allergens, reflecting a positive @entity4270 bias that averaged 22%. Seventy-six percent of the @entity4270 results judged indeterminate were resolved as negative. Using additional information from the quantification of s-IgE antibodies, considerable differences between the sites in the level of s-IgE associated with a positive @entity4270 result with and without SPT results were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Relative to the SPT and quantification of s-IgE antibodies, the diagnosis by @entity4270 alone to common allergens is not consistent. Discrepancies were dependent on both allergen and allergist. The quantitative s-IgE data revealed that allergists use available information from the @entity4270 and SPT differently. Since the @entity4270 is the primary standard used in judging test efficacy (sensitivity and specificity), our current impressions of test performances are not likely to be accurate.

title: Are our impressions of XXXX test performances correct?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4270 :: ('MESH:D059445', 'Disease') :: ['history and physical examination', 'HPE']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The altered hemodynamics, and therefore the arterial @entity551 is the most prevalent adverse effect after @entity510 . The objective of the study was to determine the exact role of local anesthetic selection underlying spinal anesthesia-induced @entity551 in the elderly @entity1 . We conducted a descriptive, observational pilot study to assess the hemodynamic impact of @entity510 with isobaric @entity1343 versus hyperbaric @entity1341 for @entity173 surgery. DESCRIPTION: Hundred twenty ASA status I-IV @entity1 aged 65 and older undergoing @entity173 surgery were enrolled. The primary objective of our study was to compare hemodynamic effects based on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and dyastolic blood pressure (DBP) values, heart rate (HR) and hemoglobin (Hb) and respiratory effects based on partial @entity26 saturation (SpO2%) values. The secondary objective was to assess potential adverse events with the use of @entity1343 versus @entity1341 . Assessments were performed preoperatively, at 30 minutes into surgery, at the end of anesthesia and at 48 hours and 6 months after surgery. Among intraoperative events, the incidence of @entity551 was statistically significantly higher (p <0.05) in group BUPI (38.3%) compared to group LEVO (13.3%). There was a decrease (p <0.05) in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at 30 minutes intraoperatively (19% in group BUPI versus 17% in group LEVO). SpO2% increased at 30 minutes after anesthesia onset (1% in group BUPI versus 1.5% in group LEVO). Heart rate (HR) decreased at 30 minutes after anesthesia onset (5% in group BUPI versus 9% in group L). Hemoglobin (Hb) decreased from time of operating room (OR) admission to the end of anesthesia (9.3% in group BUPI versus 12.5% in group LEVO). The incidence of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion was 13.3% in group BUPI versus 31.7% in group LEVO, this difference was statistically significant. Among postoperative events, the incidence of @entity712 ( @entity712 ) was significantly higher in group BUPI (8,3%). At 6 months after anesthesia, no differences were found. CONCLUSIONS: Given the hemodynamic stability and lower incidence of intraoperative @entity551 observed, @entity1343 could be the agent of choice for @entity510 in elderly @entity1 .

title: Hemodynamic impact of isobaric XXXX versus hyperbaric @entity1341 for @entity510 in @entity1 aged 65 and older undergoing hip surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid anesthesia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity1343 :: ('MESH:C476513', 'Chemical') :: ['levobupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity1343 :: (MESH:C476513,Chemical) :: ['levobupivacaine']


abstract: @entity32973 ( @entity32973 ) is a @entity2241 characterized by diffuse @entity8 , @entity5767 , a @entity75 that is usually occipital encephalocele, and/or vermian agenesis, with intrahepatic biliary duct proliferation. @entity14475 ( @entity14475 ) is a viable @entity16 with a characteristic "molar tooth sign" (MTS) on axial images reflecting @entity15405 / @entity1141 . Both conditions are classified as ciliopathies with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Allelism of @entity32973 and @entity14475 has been reported for @entity45000 / @entity45000 , @entity8101 / @entity8101 , and @entity45001 / @entity45001 . Recently, one homozygous splice mutation with a founder effect was reported in the @entity20460 gene in Finnish fetuses with @entity32973 , defining the 6th locus for @entity32973 . Shortly thereafter, @entity20460 mutations were also reported in @entity14475 . The analysis of the @entity20460 gene in our series of @entity32973 fetuses, identified 14 novel truncating mutations in 11 cases. These results confirm the involvement of @entity20460 in @entity32973 and reveal a major contribution of @entity20460 to the disease. We also identified three missense @entity20460 mutations in two @entity14475 cases. Therefore, and in accordance with the data reported regarding @entity45001 , our results indicate phenotype-genotype correlations, as missense and presumably hypomorphic mutations lead to @entity14475 while all null alleles lead to @entity32973 .

title: XXXX mutations in Meckel and Joubert syndromes indicate a genotype-phenotype correlation.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal cystic dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain malformation']

entities_list: @entity14475 :: ('MESH:C536293', 'Disease') :: ['Joubert syndrome', 'JBS']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorder']

entities_list: @entity5767 :: ('MESH:D017689', 'Disease') :: ['polydactyly']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity32973 :: ('MESH:C536133', 'Disease') :: ['MKS', 'Meckel-Gruber syndrome']

entities_list: @entity15405 :: ('MESH:C562568', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar vermian hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['lethal fetal disorder']

answer: @entity20460 :: (57545,Gene) :: ['CC2D2A']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We aimed to identify and characterize subtypes of @entity195 ( @entity195 ) exhibiting different patterns of regional @entity1010 on MRI using age- and gender-specific norms of regional brain volumes. @entity195 subjects included in the @entity195 Neuroimaging Initiative study were classified into subtypes based on standardized values (Z-scores) of hippocampal and regional cortical volumes on MRI with reference to age- and gender-specific norms obtained from 222 cognitively normal (CN) subjects. Baseline and longitudinal changes of clinical characteristics over 2 years were compared across subtypes. Whole-brain-level gray matter (GM) @entity194 pattern using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of the subtypes were also investigated. Of 163 @entity195 subjects, 58.9% were classified as the "both impaired" subtype with the typical hippocampal and @entity194 pattern, whereas 41.1% were classified as the subtypes with @entity194 patterns: "hippocampal @entity194 only" (19.0%), " @entity194 only" (11.7%), and "both spared" (10.4%). Voxel-based morphometric analysis demonstrated whole-brain-level differences in overall GM @entity194 across the subtypes. These subtypes showed different progression rates over 2 years; and all subtypes had significantly lower CSF amyloid-b1-42 levels compared to CN. In conclusion, we identified four @entity195 subtypes exhibiting @entity194 patterns on MRI with different progression rates after controlling the effects of aging and gender on @entity194 with normative information. CSF biomarker analysis suggests the presence of Ab neuropathology irrespective of subtypes. Such heterogeneity of MRI-based @entity528 biomarker and related heterogeneous progression patterns should be considered in clinical trials and practice with @entity195 @entity1 .

title: Heterogeneity of Regional Brain Atrophy Patterns Associated with Distinct Progression Rates in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cortical atrophy', 'atrophy', 'atypical atrophy', 'heterogeneous atrophy']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease", "Alzheimer's Disease"]

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal injury']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's Disease']


abstract: We studied the @entity137 and efficacy of adding to @entity1259 five resistance modulators in the treatment of resistant solid @entity5 . Additional drugs were added in successive cohorts of @entity1 , such that cohort 1 @entity1 received two drugs along with their @entity1259 , while cohort 4 @entity1 received five modulators along with their @entity1259 . @entity868 , @entity440 (cohort 1), @entity4341 (cohort 2), @entity3102 (cohort 3) and @entity205 (cohort 4) were administered with @entity1259 . A total of 22 @entity1 were treated. @entity390 and @entity391 was usually mild to moderate. There was an unexpectedly high incidence of possible @entity1370 associated with treatment, although in some @entity1 it was uncertain whether or not observed @entity299 were related to treatment. @entity3028 was significant in all four cohorts, but it was unclear whether it was increased by the modulators. There were two febrile neutropenic events in cohorts 1 and 2 successfully treated with antibiotics, and three @entity204 (one in each of cohorts 1, 2 and 4). It was elected to discontinue enrollment on the study prematurely in light of cardiac and other @entity137 seen in the first two @entity1 accrued in cohort 4. A single response was observed. While this approach is feasible, the observed @entity137 and the difficulty @entity1 experienced in ingesting the large number of prescribed pills will make further exploration of this approach difficult.

title: Pilot study of multiple chemotherapy resistance modulators plus @entity1259 in the treatment of resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['Metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['Granulocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac toxicity']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['septic deaths']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: Inability to breathe through the nose is an increasingly recognized cause of @entity387 . To test the hypothesis that this @entity943 could result from loss of neuronal input to respiration from receptors located in the nose, we anesthetized the nasal passages of 10 normal @entity1 during sleep. Each subject spent 4 consecutive nights in the sleep laboratory while sleep stages, @entity1353 patterns, respiratory effort, and arterial @entity26 saturation were monitored. Night 1 was for acclimatization with Nights 3 and 4 being randomized to nasal spraying with either 4% @entity3303 or placebo. On the @entity3303 and placebo nights (Nights 3 and 4) the nasal passages were also sprayed with a decongestant to prevent increased nasal air-flow resistance resulting from @entity4 . To control for the possible effects of this decongestant, an additional night (Night 2) was included during which the nasal passages were sprayed with room air. Parallel studies conducted during wakefulness demonstrated low nasal resistance during the @entity3303 -decongestant regimen. Because of the short duration of anesthesia with @entity3303 , spraying was done at lights out and 2.5 and 5 h later. On the placebo night (decongestant plus saline) there were 6.4 +/- 1.8 (SEM) disordered @entity1353 events ( @entity27 ) per subject, whereas with @entity3303 (plus decongestant) this increased fourfold to 25.8 +/- 7.8 events per subject (p less than 0.05). The majority of the disordered @entity1353 events were @entity386 and were fairly evenly distributed between central and obstructive events. The magnitude of these changes is similar to that previously reported with complete nasal obstruction. These results suggest that nasal receptors sensitive to air flow may be important in maintaining @entity1353 rhythmicity during sleep.

title: The effects of nasal anesthesia on XXXX during sleep.

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['disordered breathing during sleep']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal swelling']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apneas plus hypopneas']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory dysrhythmia']

answer: @entity1353 :: (MESH:D004417,Disease) :: ['breathing']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity70198 is a major bioactive constituent isolated from Anoectochilus formosanus and is investigated as an antihyperlipidemic candidate. In this study, a rapid, sensitive, and reliable bioanalytical method was developed for the determination of @entity70198 in @entity35 plasma using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC- @entity15 / @entity15 ). The plasma sample was pretreated with 1% @entity1543 , followed by protein precipitation with @entity1626 : @entity1042 (70:30). Chromatographic separation was performed on a HILIC @entity3440 column (2.1mm*100mm, 3 m). The mobile phases consisted of 0.1% @entity1543 in distilled water (solvent A) and 0.1% @entity1543 in @entity1626 (solvent B). A gradient program was used at a flow rate of 0.2mL/min. For mass spectrometric detection, the multiple reaction monitoring mode was used; the MRM transitions were m/z 265.2 > m/z 102.9 for @entity70198 and m/z 163.3 > m/z 132.1 for the internal standard (IS) @entity1239 in the positive ionization mode. A calibration curve was constructed in the range of 2-500ng/mL. The intra- and interday precision and accuracy were within 5%. The HILIC- @entity15 / @entity15 method was specific, accurate, and reproducible and was successfully applied in a pharmacokinetic study of @entity70198 in @entity35 .

title: Development of a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for the determination of @entity70198 , an antihyperlipidemic candidate, in XXXX plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic studies.

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity70198 :: ('MESH:C422363', 'Chemical') :: ['kinsenoside', 'Kinsenoside']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity1069 /chronic @entity2371 ( @entity2723 /CPPS) causes substantial morbidity afflicting approximately 10% of adult males. Treatment is often empirical and ineffective since the etiology is unknown. Other prostate and @entity6982 have genetic components suggesting that @entity2723 /CPPS may also be influenced by genetic predisposition. We recently reported a highly polymorphic short tandem repeat (STR) locus near the phosphoglycerate kinase gene within Xq11-13. Because this STR is in a region known to predispose towards other @entity4623 , we compared STR polymorphisms in 120 @entity2723 /CPPS @entity1 and 300 control blood donors. Nine distinct allele sizes were detected, ranging from 8 to 15 repeats of the tetrameric STR plus a mutant allele (9.5) with a six base deletion in the flanking DNA sequence. The overall allele size distribution in the @entity2723 /CPPS @entity1 differed from controls (Chi-square=19.252, df=8, P=0.0231). Frequencies of two specific alleles, 9.5 and 15, differed significantly in @entity2723 /CPPS vs. control subjects and allele 10 differed with marginal significance. Alleles 9.5 and 10 were both more common in @entity2723 /CPPS @entity1 than controls while allele 15 was less common. These observations suggest that Xq11-13 may contain one or more genetic loci that predispose toward @entity2723 /CPPS. Further investigations involving family studies, larger @entity1 populations, and other control groups may help elucidate this potential genetic predisposition in @entity2723 /CPPS.

title: X Chromosomal short tandem repeat polymorphisms near the phosphoglycerate kinase gene in @entity1 with chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6982 :: ('MESH:D052801', 'Disease') :: ['genitourinary diseases']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic prostatitis']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4623 :: ('MESH:D011469', 'Disease') :: ['prostate diseases']

answer: @entity1069 :: (MESH:D053448,Disease) :: ['prostatitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety of withholding anticoagulation in @entity1 with suspected @entity1151 after negative multislice computed tomography (MSCT) pulmonary angiography and lower-limb venography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 383 consecutive @entity1 with suspected @entity1151 were prospectively studied. @entity1 underwent MSCT pulmonary angiography and lower-limb venography, as well as pulmonary scintigraphy and lower-limb ultrasound examination. @entity1 with negative MSCT results for both @entity1151 and @entity49 were not administered anticoagulants and were followed up for 6 months to rule out @entity1031 . RESULTS: At MSCT, 156 @entity1 were positive for @entity1151 , @entity49 , or both; 224 were negative; and findings were inconclusive in three. False-negatives were five @entity1 with high probability scintigram and two with @entity49 detected at US. A total of 184 @entity1 with negative MSCT and without anticoagulation were followed up for 6 months. During this period of time just one recurrence of @entity1151 was detected. The negative predictive value of MSCT pulmonary angiography plus lower-limb venography was 95.8% (183/191). CONCLUSION: MSCT is efficacious in diagnosing @entity1151 , with negative predictive values reported in the literature ranging from 94% to 100%. This enables omission of anticoagulation in @entity1 with suspected @entity1151 after negative MSCT findings without the need for other diagnostic tests.

title: Can multislice CT alone rule out reliably XXXX ? A prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism', 'acute pulmonary embolism']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: Oncogenic HPV types are the major @entity5 , but only a small proportion of infected @entity1 will develop high-grade cervical @entity5436 or @entity5 (CIN2/3+). We performed a prospective study including 781 @entity1 with normal, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) or low-grade squamous @entity75 (LGSIL) cytology, and infected or not by high-risk (HR) HPV tested by Hybrid Capture II. @entity1 were followed up every 6 months for a median period of 22 months. Among the HR-HPV-positive @entity1 at entry, more than half cleared their virus in 7.5 months; the clearance rate was greater for low viral loads than for high loads and also was higher in @entity1 with an initial ASCUS/LGSIL smear than in @entity1 with normal cytology. The incidence of cytologic abnormalities strongly depended on baseline @entity1800 persistence. Maintenance of cytologic abnormalities was associated with the outcome of HR-HPV status (negative<transient<persistent) but not with baseline load. Progression to CIN2/3+ was achieved only in @entity1 with persistent @entity281 . The risk of CIN2/3+ also was increased with initial high loads (> or =100 pg/mL). Conversely, @entity1 who were consistently HR-HPV negative or transiently HR-HPV positive, whatever the cytology at baseline was, did not develop CIN2/3+ during follow-up. Age seemed to affect only the rate of @entity281 . In conclusion, our data suggest that @entity1 repeatedly tested positive for HR-HPV are at risk of developing CIN2/3+, even when initial cytology is normal. A high viral load could be used as a short-term marker of progression toward @entity1613 , although lower load does not inevitably exclude @entity74 .

title: Persistence and load of high-risk HPV are predictors for development of high-grade XXXX : a longitudinal French cohort study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cause of worldwide cervical cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial lesion']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['incident HR-HPV infection', 'HR-HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral load and HR-HPV']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesions']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['cervical lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: There is currently a lack of recommendations about @entity1 with @entity85 requiring cardiac surgery. This study reports the results of our surgical strategy on this issue. METHODS: Eleven @entity1 , from three centers treated over a 9-year period were included in this study. @entity85 were operated with a modified Ravitch procedure. In the case of @entity1408 repair and concomitant cardiac surgery, subperichondrial resection of abnormal rib cartilages was always performed before the sternotomy and an easily removable retrosternal metallic strut was inserted at the end of the procedure ensuring anterior chest wall stability. During follow-up @entity1 had to estimate their current appearance with a numeric scale ranging from 0 to 100. RESULTS: Mean age was 27    9.4 years. @entity1408 was present in 8 @entity1 and pectus arcuatum in 3. There were 6 @entity1614 @entity1 . Nine @entity1 had concomitant surgery and, 2 underwent pectus repair after a history of cardiac surgery. There was no operative mortality. In the case of concomitant surgery, heart exposure through median sternotomy was facilitated by abnormal rib cartilage resection. Median follow-up was 54 months (range 16.7-119.7). Mean cosmetic result evaluated by the @entity1 was 97.3 (  2.5). CONCLUSIONS: In adults, concomitant scheduled surgery is reliable and offers excellent long-term cosmetic results. Moreover, it allows a better thoracic exposition with no added perioperative risk. The modified Ravitch technique seems more adequate in these @entity1 as it can be used in all types of @entity85 .

title: Cardiac surgery and repair of XXXX : When and how?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['Pectus deformities', 'pectus deformities']

entities_list: @entity1408 :: ('MESH:D005660', 'Disease') :: ['pectus excavatum', 'Pectus excavatum']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['Marfan syndrome']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['pectus deformities']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In this study, we have established an in vitro three-dimensional (3D) coculture, where normal endometrial stromal cells and @entity1204 cells were cocultured under defined hormonal conditions, to investigate the potential paracrine effects on synthesis and secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and, thus, @entity3 . METHODS: Endometrial stromal cells were obtained by biopsy, cultured in the presence of 100 nM @entity172 for 3 days, and then mixed with extracellular matrix (ECM) composed of collagen I and matrigel in a 4:1 ratio. After 3 more days in culture, a 3D coculture was established with @entity1 cells, an @entity1204 cell line, grown on top of the mixture under various ovarian @entity230 (no steroid, 100 nM @entity10769 (E2), or 1.0 microM @entity1420 (P4)) for 10 days. The expression and localization of @entity1476 , @entity1495 , and @entity1428 subunit were visualized by immunocytochemistry and analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The extent of @entity3 was quantified by Boyden's chamber assay. RESULTS: @entity1428 subunit was localized along the cell surface of @entity1 cell under all three hormonal conditions. @entity1476 was located in the cytoplasm of stromal cells and on the surface of @entity1 cells. Synthesis and secretion of stromal @entity1476 were increased in the presence of ovarian @entity230 . In contrast, expression of stromal @entity1495 was suppressed in the presence of ovarian @entity230 . No MMPs were synthesized in @entity1 cells. Invasion assay revealed that @entity1 cells achieved high tumoral invasiveness in the presence of @entity10769 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that stromal cell-derived @entity1476 is translocated to the surface of @entity1 cells. @entity1428 subunit might contribute, in part, to providing a binding site for @entity1476 . Thus, @entity1 cells invade by recruiting @entity1476 secreted by stromal cells, which is greatly enhanced in the presence of @entity10769 . The 3D coculture provides an excellent experimental system in which single parameters can be isolated from a complex in vivo system in the process of @entity1204 .

title: Localization of matrix metalloproteinases on XXXX cell invasion in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial adenocarcinoma', 'endometrial cancer', 'endometrial cancer invasion']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1428 :: ('3690', 'Gene') :: ['Integrin beta 3', 'integrin beta 3']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['cancer invasion']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity10769 :: ('CHEBI:16469', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-estradiol']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']