abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the antidepressant activity of various antidepressants using the learned helplessness test (LH) or the forced swimming test (FS) in @entity35 . Repeated treatment of the tricyclic antidepressants @entity2645 (10 mg/kg, p.o.), @entity8991 (0.625 mg/kg, p.o.), @entity3659 (10 mg/kg, p.o.) and @entity19584 (20 mg/kg, p.o.) reduced the number of escape failures in the LH group, respectively. Repeated treatment of an atypical antidepressant, @entity5079 (2.5 and 5 mg/kg, p.o.), and one of the selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), @entity3755 (1.25 mg/kg, p.o.), also reduced the number of escape failures in the LH group. In the FS, repeated treatment of @entity2645 (5, 10 mg/kg, p.o.), @entity3659 (5, 10 mg/kg, p.o.) and @entity5079 (10 mg/kg) significantly decreased the duration of immobility time. On the other hand, repeated treatment of @entity19584 (5-20 mg/kg), @entity8991 (0.1325-1.25 mg/kg, p.o.) and @entity3755 (0.3125-1.25 mg/kg, p.o.) failed to decrease the duration of immobility time in the FS group. In conclusion, these results suggest that the LH group is sensitive to agents with a variety of antidepressant properties compared to the FS group in @entity35 .

title: Availability of learned helplessness test as a model of depression compared to a forced swimming test in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity19584 :: ('MESH:D000657', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxapine']

entities_list: @entity8991 :: ('MESH:D002997', 'Chemical') :: ['clomipramine']

entities_list: @entity3659 :: ('MESH:D000639', 'Chemical') :: ['amitriptyline']

entities_list: @entity5079 :: ('MESH:D008803', 'Chemical') :: ['mianserin']

entities_list: @entity3755 :: ('MESH:D016666', 'Chemical') :: ['fluvoxamine']

entities_list: @entity2645 :: ('MESH:D007099', 'Chemical') :: ['imipramine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: In cases of severe penile inadequacy, such as in pathological conditions involving @entity546 (e.g. @entity5 ), or in 46,XY @entity4998 with severe undervirilization or maldevelopment of the penis (e.g. idiopathic @entity18272 , @entity7891 ), standard (surgical) penile lengthening techniques do not provide @entity1 with a phallus suitable for sexual intercourse. Genital dissatisfaction can lead to low self-esteem and @entity458 . Therefore, phalloplasty, the gold standard in transgender surgery, may provide a possibility to achieve a satisfactory genital appearance and sexual function. Small series have reported cosmetically acceptable and erogenous sensate neophalli with incorporation of a neourethra to allow voiding in a standing position and with enough bulk to allow penile prosthesis insertion for pleasurable intercourse. Although early results seem promising, further publication of series with large numbers and longer follow-up is needed to evaluate to what extent phalloplasty improves physical and sexual outcomes. Complications are of particular concern because of associated @entity2318 and loss of sensitive tissue. Without full preoperative workups assessing @entity1 ' expectations and reasons for undergoing surgery, they may still struggle with self/penile image and with psychological barriers for engaging in sexual activity. Recommendations for the psychosocial management of @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity546 are suggested.

title: Phalloplasty: A panacea for 46,XY @entity4998 with XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boys', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4998 :: ('MESH:D012734', 'Disease') :: ['disorders of sex development']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['penile cancer']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychosexual dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity7891 :: ('MESH:D001746', 'Disease') :: ['cloacal exstrophy']

entities_list: @entity18272 :: ('MESH:C536649', 'Disease') :: ['micropenis']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile deficiency', 'penile amputation']

answer: @entity546 :: (MESH:D004414,Disease) :: ['penile deficiency']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Unilateral acute idiopathic @entity1020 (UAIM) is a rare entity, in which an inflammatory process involves the macular retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and outer retina. It represents a wide spectrum of ocular findings not consistently present in all @entity1 , which may lead to difficulties in the recognition of the condition. METHODS: This observational case report presents the third-generation optical coherence tomography (StratusOCT) and multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) findings in a 31-year-old @entity1 with UAIM in the acute phase as well as two months later, and discusses the role of StratusOCT in the diagnosis. RESULTS: In the acute phase, StratusOCT demonstrated abnormal heterogeneous hyperreflectivity and thickening at the level of the outer retina and RPE in the foveal region. Two months after the initial presentation, StratusOCT examination showed a subfoveal area of homogeneous hyperreflectivity that extended from the RPE to the outer retinal layers with posterior shadowing, and sparse points of hyperreflectivity at several different levels of the @entity2788 , including its superficial layers. The foveal retinal thickness during the acute phase was thicken compared with that after resolution. Seven days after the initial evaluation, mfERG showed severely reduced N1-P1 amplitudes with normal latencies in the region corresponding to the affected area of the papillomacular bundle and fovea. Two months later, mfERG results were normal. CONCLUSIONS: StratusOCT provided valuable information, allowing for the exclusion of other disorders that might mimic UAIM. mfERG findings were consistent with transient outer retinal dysfunction as the cause of @entity227 . We are unaware of previous reports of UAIM studied by these methods and could find no reference to them in a computerized search using MEDLINE.

title: STRATUSOCT and multifocal ERG in unilateral acute idiopathic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['maculopathy']

entities_list: @entity2788 :: ('MESH:D015785', 'Disease') :: ['neurosensory retina']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['maculopathy']


abstract: AIMS: To assess the efficacy of isovolaemic haemodilution therapy (IHT) in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity2994 ( @entity2994 ). METHODS: @entity1 presenting with @entity2994 between 1 July 1991 and 31 August 1993 were eligible for inclusion and randomised into treatment and control groups. @entity1 randomised to receive IHT were treated for 6 weeks with venesection and volume replacement using hydroxyethylstarch, a plasma expander. The target haematocrit was 35%. Follow up was for 1 year. RESULTS: The baseline visual acuity of the two groups was similar at 0.74 and 0.75 logMAR units (Snellen 6/36), for the IHT and control groups, respectively. At 6 weeks, visual acuity in the IHT group had improved by 0.20 logMAR units (2 lines on the Bailey-Lovie chart) (p = 0.0001). Vision was unchanged in the control group. At 1 year, the IHT group exhibited an improvement of 0.43 logMAR units. By comparison, the improvement in the control group at 1 year was significantly less at 0.17 logMAR units (p = 0.03). The final visual acuity in the IHT and control groups was 0.30 (Snellen 6/12) and 0.60 (Snellen 6/24) logMAR units, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results support the theory that IHT has a positive effect on the visual outcome in @entity1 with @entity2994 .

title: Effect of isovolaemic haemodilution on visual outcome in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['branch retinal vein occlusion', 'BRVO']

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['branch retinal vein occlusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to explore the impact of @entity102 on the risk for @entity260 following open groin hernia surgery. METHODS: During the study period (2002-2011), 133,074 open repairs were registered in the Swedish @entity547 Register. History of peripheral @entity455 , @entity2597 , @entity177 , @entity28 , and @entity1575 as well as data on @entity548 or @entity1410 , wound dehiscence, @entity86 , and reoperation for superficial @entity281 or @entity548 within 30  days after surgery were obtained by matching with the Swedish @entity1 Register. RESULTS: In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, a significantly increased risk for @entity548 or @entity1410 within 30  days after surgery was seen for older @entity1 , males, @entity1575 , @entity1095 , and @entity2597 (p  <  0.05). High age (>80  years), previous history of @entity1095 , @entity2597 , and male gender were risk factors for wound dehiscence (p  <  0.05). @entity1575 , @entity740 , BMI  >  25, and male gender were associated with increased risk for @entity6081 (p  <  0.05). A significantly increased risk for reoperation for superficial @entity281 or @entity548 was seen in @entity1 with @entity1095 and elderly @entity1 (p  <  0.05). CONCLUSION: Risk for @entity260 in open groin hernia surgery is increased in elderly @entity1 , @entity1 with @entity1575 , and those with @entity1095 . The indications for surgery should be weighed against the risk for wound-healing complications in these @entity1 groups. Watchful waiting may be an alternative, although this carries the risk of emergency surgery.

title: Wound Healing Following Open Groin XXXX Surgery: The Impact of Comorbidity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity2597 :: ('MESH:D003240', 'Disease') :: ['connective tissue disease']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disorders']

entities_list: @entity6081 :: ('MESH:D013530', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative wound infection']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic concomitant disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infection']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis', 'Liver cirrhosis']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['Hernia']


abstract: @entity5445 -(7-36)- @entity6346 ( @entity6757 ) is a potent blood @entity413 -lowering hormone now under investigation for use as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of type 2 (adult onset) @entity6 . @entity6757 binds with high affinity to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) located on pancreatic beta-cells, and it exerts insulinotropic actions that include the stimulation of @entity2690 gene transcription, @entity2690 biosynthesis, and @entity2690 secretion. The beneficial therapeutic action of @entity6757 also includes its ability to act as a growth factor, stimulating formation of new pancreatic islets (neogenesis) while slowing beta-cell death (apoptosis). @entity6757 belongs to a large family of structurally-related hormones and neuropeptides that include glucagon, secretin, GIP, @entity10567 , and @entity3549 . Biosynthesis of @entity6757 occurs in the enteroendocrine L-cells of the distal intestine, and the release of @entity6757 into the systemic circulation accompanies ingestion of a meal. Although @entity6757 is inactivated rapidly by @entity5735 ( @entity5735 ), synthetic analogs of @entity6757 exist, and efforts have been directed at engineering these peptides so that they are resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis. Additional modifications of @entity6757 incorporate fatty acylation and drug affinity complex (DAC) technology to improve serum albumin binding, thereby slowing renal clearance of the peptides. @entity32267 , @entity69226 , @entity69227 , and @entity12348 are @entity6757 synthetic analogs that reproduce many of the biological actions of @entity6757 , but with a prolonged duration of action. @entity42652 (Exendin-4) is a naturally occurring peptide isolated from the lizard Heloderma, and it acts as a high affinity agonist at the @entity8142 . This review summarizes structural features and signal transduction properties of @entity6757 and its cognate beta-cell GPCR. The usefulness of synthetic @entity6757 analogs as blood @entity413 -lowering agents is discussed, and the applicability of @entity6757 as a therapeutic agent for treatment of type 2 @entity6 is highlighted.

title: @entity5445 synthetic analogs: new therapeutic agents for use in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5735 :: ('1803', 'Gene') :: ['DDP-IV', 'dipeptidyl peptidase IV']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity5445 :: ('2641', 'Gene') :: ['Glucagon-like peptide-1']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity124 ( @entity124 ) in @entity1 @entity1204 ( @entity1204 ) was analysed using a unique fluorescent technique. @entity124 is associated with various @entity1 @entity5 . However, the reported frequency of @entity124 differs widely in each @entity5 . Methodological difficulties have in fact been pointed out in its assay techniques. METHODS: We previously established a sensitive fluorescent technique in which the major methodological problems are overcome. Application of this technique has revealed two distinct modes of microsatellite alterations, i.e. Type A and Type B. In the present study, we have applied this technique to 94 ECs. RESULTS: Significant microsatellite alterations were observed in 38 (40.4  %) @entity5 of the panel. The two modes, Type A and Type B, were indeed observed in this @entity5 . More importantly, we found that the modes more closely correlated with the molecular and clinicopathological backgrounds of the @entity5 than the established and widely used @entity124 grades, @entity124 and @entity124 . Type B @entity124 widely correlated with family history of @entity14 , whereas @entity124 only did with that of @entity14 . Furthermore, mutation in the @entity984 oncogene, which has been regarded as generally infrequent in microsatellite-unstable @entity5 , was clearly associated with Type A @entity124 . CONCLUSIONS: Our observations may suggest a biological relevance and a potential utility of the modal classification of @entity124 and, furthermore, added complexities to genomic instability underlying tumourigenesis in @entity1 endometrium.

title: Modal variety of microsatellite instability in XXXX @entity1204 .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'EC']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['MSI-H', 'Microsatellite instability', 'MSI', 'MSI-L']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'neoplasms', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer-associated cancers', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity20695 mycotoxins are common contaminants of @entity2829 and cause several fatal @entity4409 . Liver is a target organ of @entity18641 in intact animals, but liver slices and primary hepatocytes, which do not proliferate in culture, are resistant to @entity20695 exposure. @entity157 cell lines, on the other hand, undergo cell division in culture and are sensitive to the toxic effects of @entity18641 . It was therefore hypothesized that @entity20695 @entity137 is dependent on cell proliferation. To test this hypothesis, the partially hepatectomized @entity35 was used as a model to determine whether @entity20695 produced greater @entity137 in rapidly proliferating liver in vivo. @entity35 were dosed intraperitoneally with @entity18639 ( @entity18640 ) 24 h after sham operation or partial hepatectomy (PH) and were killed 24 h later. The dose-related increase in free @entity18162 bases (a biomarker of @entity20695 exposure) was enhanced in the PH-treated rats. Serum @entity165 and enzymes were higher in PH-treated @entity35 dosed with @entity18640 than in those given PH without @entity18640 or in sham-operated, @entity18640 -dosed @entity35 . Multiple daily doses of @entity18640 after surgery elevated the number of apoptotic hepatocytes in both sham-operated and PH-treated @entity35 to about the same degree, suggesting that apoptosis is not associated with the enhanced @entity137 of @entity18640 in regenerating liver. Proliferating cells appear to be more sensitive to the toxic effects of @entity18641 . This enhanced @entity137 may be related to the increased ability of @entity18641 to disrupt @entity8483 metabolism in hepatectomized @entity35 , but this is yet to be determined.

title: Role of proliferation in the @entity137 of XXXX : enhanced hepatotoxic response in the partially hepatectomized @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity18639 :: ('MESH:C056933', 'Chemical') :: ['fumonisin B1']

entities_list: @entity4409 :: ('MESH:D000820', 'Disease') :: ['animal diseases']

entities_list: @entity18641 :: ('MESH:D037341', 'Chemical') :: ['fumonisins']

entities_list: @entity20695 :: ('CHEBI:38224', 'Chemical') :: ['Fumonisin', 'fumonisin']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity8483 :: ('CHEBI:26739', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingolipid']

entities_list: @entity18162 :: ('CHEBI:35785', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingoid']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity18639 :: (MESH:C056933,Chemical) :: ['fumonisin B1']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity61339 (SKI-2053R, Sunpla ), a new @entity902 analogue which has a better @entity137 profile than @entity900 , has been used with @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) continuous infusion for the treatment of advanced @entity356 . However, continuous @entity1487 infusion had a inconvenience to administration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity61339 , UFT-E and @entity4181 combination chemotherapy in advanced @entity356 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 22 @entity1 was enrolled in this study at Kyung Hee University and Korea University from September 1999 to May 2001. @entity61339 400 mg/m2 was given as intravenous infusion for 1 hour at day 1. Oral UFT-E 360 mg/m2 and @entity4181 45 mg/day were administered for 21 consecutive days followed by a 7-day drug free interval. This schedule was repeated every 4 weeks. RESULTS: The 22 enrolled @entity1 received 81 courses of chemotherapy and the median number of course per @entity1 was three with a range of one to six. Five of 21 @entity1 achieved partial responses (23.8%; 95% confidence interval, 5.6% to 42%) without complete response. Out of the 5 responding @entity1 , three had unresectable perigastric lymph-nodes, one @entity1 had a @entity43 , and one @entity1 had a peritoneal @entity3 respectively. Main @entity137 were @entity1398 and @entity390 / @entity391 . Grade 3 and 4 @entity1398 were observed in 4 @entity1 (18%) and grade 3 @entity390 / @entity391 were observed in 5 @entity1 (22.7%). The median time to progression was 4 months (range, 0.5 to 13 months), and median survival duration was 7.5 months (range, 2.0 to 14 months). Median response duration was 5.0 months (range, 1.5 to 10 months). CONCLUSION: A combination chemotherapy of @entity61339 , UFT-E and @entity4181 has a comparable efficacy with those of previously reported @entity61339 and intravenous regimen of @entity1487 and controllable @entity137 in advanced @entity356 . Further study with large @entity1 population is warranted to determine the usefulness of this regimen.

title: Pilot Study of XXXX , UFT-E and @entity4181 in Advanced @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian metastasis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity61339 :: ('MESH:C090717', 'Chemical') :: ['heptaplatin', 'Heptaplatin']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity61339 :: (MESH:C090717,Chemical) :: ['Heptaplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ocular surface @entity5 (OSSN) encompasses the conditions of @entity189 in situ to @entity957 . It has a high rate of recurrence after treatment and the potential to metastasize. The present retrospective study was aimed at further defining the characteristics and clinical course of OSSN. METHODS: With ethical approval, the records of all major pathology laboratories in Queensland were surveyed. Two hundred and eighty-eight cases were identified: 155 @entity1141 , 71 @entity189 in situ and 62 @entity957 . The records were analysed and an attempt was made to contact and re-examine the @entity1 . RESULTS: Ocular surface @entity5 occurs mainly in males (78.5%) with a mean age of 60.1 years (range 20-88 years). They present as irritation (40.1%) and are located usually at the limbus (87.8%). The majority of OSSN are treated by simple excision (87.5%), after which there is a high rate of recurrence (23.3%). The main predictors for recurrence include histological grade of the lesion, corneal location and larger size (> 2 mm). CONCLUSIONS: Management of OSSN requires adequate excision and careful follow up to monitor any recurrence. As with other ultraviolet light-related conditions, preventative measures must remain the key to disease control.

title: Retrospective study of ocular surface XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['squamous neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['invasive squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['simple dysplasia to carcinoma', 'carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['squamous neoplasia']


abstract: Since clinical case reports suggest that @entity3163 ( @entity7034 ) intoxication may impair learning and memory, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of @entity7034 on two memory tasks: open-field habituation and two-way active avoidance. Adult male @entity35 were exposed to @entity7034 in drinking water at three concentrations for 30 days: 1.54 (control, tap water), 50 and 100 ppm @entity7034 (corresponding to an intake of 0.10+/-0.005, 5.15+/-0.14, and 10.77+/-0.39 mg/kg of @entity7034 , respectively). At day 30, the @entity35 were placed in an open-field and retested after 24 h (test session) to measure habituation. In the two-way active avoidance task, another three groups of @entity35 were trained in a 30-trial training session and tested again 24 h later (test session). @entity3296 was also evaluated. @entity734 was impaired by 50 and 100 ppm, but not by 1.54 ppm @entity7034 . Moreover, 100 ppm @entity7034 reduced the number of avoidance responses in the active avoidance task. No @entity717 was observed. Mild @entity3296 in @entity35 incisor teeth was found in the 50 and 100 ppm @entity7034 groups. Overall, these results suggest that moderate intoxication with @entity3163 has potentially deleterious effects on learning and memory.

title: Subchronic fluoride intake induces impairment in habituation and active avoidance tasks in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3163 :: ('MESH:D012969', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium fluoride']

entities_list: @entity3296 :: ('MESH:D009050', 'Disease') :: ['dental fluorosis', 'Dental fluorosis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['locomotor impairment']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['Habituation']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) is a @entity74 with many airway pathological features, including aberrant epithelial @entity1372 channel (ENaC) function, persistent @entity796 (PA) @entity281 and neutrophil-dominant @entity32 . @entity2782 in @entity1577 airways is difficult to treat due to antibiotic resistance and other factors. Recently, a1- @entity26179 ( @entity6417 ) have been shown to be effective to reduce @entity1577 airway @entity2782 . However, there is a dearth of studies about the mechanisms underlying @entity6417 's therapeutic effects. The goal of our study is to provide an animal model of @entity6417 therapy in @entity1577 lungs. ENaC @entity19 with @entity2782 were used as a @entity1577 -like model. @entity19 were intratracheally treated with PA or saline (control) in a fibrin plug. Two hours after @entity2782 , aerosolized @entity6417 were delivered to @entity19 lungs once daily. At day 1 and day 3 post PA @entity55 , PA load as well as @entity2132 protein @entity2419 , lung, and nasal epithelium clone 1 ( @entity69834 ) were measured. At day 1 post @entity2782 when @entity6417 was delivered once to ENaC transgenic @entity19 lungs, @entity6417 did not reduce @entity55 (e.g., neutrophils) and PA load. However, at day 3 post @entity2782 when ENaC @entity19 received three repeated @entity6417 treatments, a significant decrease in airspace @entity32 and PA load was observed. Although @entity6417 prevented the loss of @entity69834 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of PA-infected wild-type @entity19 , it did not restore @entity69834 levels in ENaC @entity19 . Our current study has provided a valid and quick @entity6417 therapeutic model in @entity1577 -like lungs that may serve as a platform for future mechanistic studies about how @entity6417 exerts beneficial effects in @entity1 @entity1577 @entity1 .

title: Therapeutic Effects of a1- @entity26179 on Psedumonas aeruginosa Infection in ENaC XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2782 :: ('MESH:D011552', 'Disease') :: ['PA infection']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['lung inflammation', 'infection, lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'Mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['host defence']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disease']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['short palate']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'Cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Transgenic Mice']


abstract: @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) is still the gold standard in the treatment of @entity309 and is used worldwide in more than 0.5 million @entity1 with @entity309 . Much hope is currently associated with the individualization of therapy provided to @entity309 @entity1 . The search is underway for biochemical and clinical markers that would be useful in predicting good response to @entity1500 therapy. Along with clinical factors, genetic predisposition may also be helpful. Polymorphism of genes participating in @entity1500 metabolism may affect the drug   s efficacy and the rate of adverse effects. Pharmacogenetic studies may contribute to more effective individualization of therapy for @entity309 @entity1 . There are many potential enzymes and transport proteins present in polymorphic forms, which are involved in transport of @entity1500 into the cell, its metabolism and elimination from the cell. There is a chance that in the future through individualized therapy we will be able to customize therapy (type of drug, dose, route of administration) to the molecular subtype of the disease and the genotype of the @entity1 . @entity1 with a specific type of polymorphism would require more frequent monitoring of the efficacy and safety of treatment. Note, however, that genetic predisposition is only one of the factors contributing to differences in pharmacotherapy in individual @entity1 .

title: [The importance of pharmacogenetic tests in evaluation of the effectiveness of XXXX treatment in @entity309 (part 1)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Obesity is a major public health problem in developed countries. It is of key importance to ascertain its magnitude and to identify main groups at risk. In this paper the prevalence of @entity28 in Spanish adult population aged 25-60 is estimated, based on measured height and weight. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Pooled-analysis of regional cross-sectional nutrition surveys performed on representative random population samples. Randomly selected 9,885 free living subjects aged 25-60 years respondents of population nutritional surveys carried out in eight Spanish regions (Andaluc  a, Balearic Islands, Basque Country, Canary Islands, Catalunya, Galicia, Madrid and Valencia) between 1990 to 2000. Weight and height were measured on each individual by trained observers following standardised procedures and measuring instruments. The samples were pooled together and weighted according to the distribution of Spanish adult population aged 25-60 years. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) >= 30 kg/m2. The protocol used in each survey was in accordance to the recommendations of the Spanish Society for the study of Obesity (SEEDO) to estimate the prevalence of @entity28 in population studies. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity28 in Spanish adult population was 14.5% (95% CI, 13.93-15.07%), significantly higher among @entity1 15.75% (95% CI, 14.89-16.61%), than @entity1 13,39% (95% CI, 11.84-14.94%) (*2 = 12.470; p = 0.000). Prevalence of @entity28 significantly increased with age in @entity1 and @entity1 . The highest rates were estimated for the age group older than 55 years, both among males and females, 21.58% (95% CI, 18.68-24.48%) and 33.9% (95% CI, 32.73-35.07%), respectively. CONCLUSION: Obesity is a health problem which affects an important proportion of the Spanish adult population. Considering its potential impact on Public Health, it would be required to design and implement effective strategies aimed at the early detection of subjects at risk and the provision of adequate treatment, as well as to establish suitable preventive programmes.

title: [Prevalence of XXXX in Spain: results of the SEEDO 2000 study].

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A novel @entity1 ferritin-based nanocarrier, composed of 24 modified monomers able to auto-assemble into a modified protein cage, was produced and used as selective carrier of anti- @entity5 payloads. Each modified monomer derives from the genetic fusion of two distinct modules, namely the heavy chain of @entity1 ferritin (HFt) and a stabilizing/protective PAS polypeptide sequence rich in @entity1521 (P), @entity563 (S), and @entity3929 (A) residues. Two genetically fused protein constructs containing PAS polymers with 40- and 75-residue lengths, respectively, were compared. They were produced and purified as recombinant proteins in @entity526 at high yields. Both preparations were highly soluble and stable in vitro as well as in @entity19 plasma. Size-exclusion chromatography, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy results indicated that PASylated ferritins are fully assembled and highly monodispersed. In addition, yields and stability of encapsulated @entity632 were significantly better for both HFt-PAS proteins than for wild-type HFt. Importantly, PAS sequences considerably prolonged the half-life of HFt in the @entity19 bloodstream. Finally, our @entity632 -loaded nanocages preserved the pharmacological activity of the drug. Taken together, these results indicate that both of the developed HFt-PAS fusion proteins are promising nanocarriers for future applications in @entity5 therapy.

title: Improved XXXX Encapsulation and Pharmacokinetics of Ferritin-Fusion Protein Nanocarriers Bearing @entity1521 , @entity563 , and @entity3929 Elements.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['Doxorubicin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Percutaneous laser thermal ablation (LTA) has been applied in several @entity5 . In this study we evaluated the safety and long-term efficacy of LTA in the treatment of benign thyroid nodules. DESIGN AND @entity1 : Seven @entity1 with autonomous hyperfunctioning @entity9384 (group A) and five @entity1 with @entity8170 (group B) were treated with LTA. Up to three needles were positioned centrally in the @entity9384 and laser fiber was placed in the lumen of the needle. Laser illumination was performed reaching a maximal energy deposition of 1800 J per fiber. MEASUREMENTS: Thyroid nodule volume, endocrinologic, and clinical evaluation were performed at baseline, 3, and 12 months after the treatment. Scintigraphy was performed at diagnosis and 12 months after the first session in group A. RESULTS: In group A, mean thyroid volume decreased from 3.15 +/- 1.26 mL to 0.83 +/- 0.49 mL (p < 0.001) after 12 months. The treatment induced disappearance of clinical signs and symptoms related to @entity1378 ; normalization of free @entity1954 (FT(3)), free @entity1955 (FT(4)), and @entity7287 (TSH) serum levels and recovery of extranodular uptake at scintiscan. In group B, mean thyroid volume decreased from 11.14 +/- 4.99 mL to 3.73 +/- 1.47 mL (p < 0.01) after 12 months. Pressure symptoms in the neck, difficulty in swallowing and @entity8276 improved in all @entity1 . The treatment was well tolerated in both groups of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: LTA appears to be a valid and safe alternative approach in the treatment of benign thyroid nodules.

title: Ultrasound-guided laser thermal ablation in the treatment of XXXX and @entity8170 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8170 :: ('MESH:D006044', 'Disease') :: ['compressive nodular goiter']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity7287 :: ('MESH:D013972', 'Chemical') :: ['thyrotropin']

entities_list: @entity8276 :: ('MESH:D014133', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal displacement']

entities_list: @entity9384 :: ('MESH:D016606', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid nodule']

answer: @entity9384 :: (MESH:D016606,Disease) :: ['autonomous hyperfunctioning thyroid nodules']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Most primary @entity1 @entity43 and peritoneal implants, as well as @entity5 vascular endothelial cells, express the @entity1759 family of cell surface proteoglycans, the natural ligand for which is hyaluronic acid (HA). @entity1311 ( @entity4045 ) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent that is widely used for the treatment of several @entity5 , including @entity43 . This study aimed to develop a HA-based @entity4045 -loaded nanoparticle system to improve the @entity43 therapeutic effects. METHODS: @entity4045 -loaded cationic nanostructured lipid nanoparticles ( @entity4045 -NLCs) were prepared. HA-PE was then coated onto the @entity4045 -NLCs by electrostatic adsorption to form HA- @entity4045 -NLCs. In vitro @entity5 cell inhibition efficiency was analyzed on SKOV3 @entity1 @entity43 cells (SKOV3 cells) and @entity4045 -resistant SKOV3 cells (SKOV3/ @entity4045 cells). In vivo anticancer ability was evaluated with @entity19 bearing SKOV3 @entity43 cells xenografts. RESULTS: HA- @entity4045 -NLCs had an average diameter of 163   nm, and @entity4045 was incorporated with an efficiency of over 80%. The in vitro viability of SKOV3 cells and SKOV3/ @entity4045 cells was obviously inhibited by HA- @entity4045 -NLCs. In the @entity43 cells model, significant reduction in @entity5 growth was observed, whereas the conventional @entity4045 injection group did not achieve significance. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that significantly improved results were obtained by the newly constructed HA- @entity4045 -NLCs, in terms of in vitro and in vivo therapeutic efficacy. These findings strongly support the superiority of HA based nano-system for the @entity4045 delivery, thus enhance the efficacy of @entity43 chemotherapy.

title: @entity43 targeted hyaluronic acid-based nanoparticle system for XXXX delivery to overcome drug resistance.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['Paclitaxel']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Peri-procedural management of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) is challenging. The optimal duration of pre-procedural discontinuation that guarantees a minimal DOAC concentration ([DOAC]) at surgery is unknown. The usual 48-hour discontinuation might not be sufficient for all @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that a 48-hour DOAC discontinuation is not sufficient to ensure a minimal per-procedural [DOAC], defined as [DOAC]<30ng/mL. To investigate the factors associated with per-procedural [DOAC]. To evaluate the ability of normal PT and aPTT to predict [DOAC]<30ng/mL. METHODS: @entity1 treated with @entity3926 or @entity3925 , and requiring any invasive procedure were included in this multicentre, prospective, observational study. [DOAC], PT and aPTT were measured during invasive procedure. RESULTS: Sixty-five @entity1 were enrolled. Duration of DOAC discontinuation ranged from 1-168h. Per-procedural [DOAC] ranged from <30 to 466ng/mL. [DOAC]<30ng/mL occurred more frequently after 48-hour discontinuation than after a shorter delay. [DOAC] remained >= 30ng/mL in 36% and 14% of measurements performed 24-48h and 48h-120h after discontinuation, respectively. According to ROC curve, a cut-off value of 120hours for DOAC discontinuation had a better specificity than a cut-off value of 48hours to predict [DOAC]<30ng/mL. Normal PT and aPTT ratios had good specificity and positive predictive value, but limited sensitivity (74%) and negative predictive value (73%) to predict [DOAC]<30ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS: A 48-hour discontinuation does not guarantee a [DOAC]<30ng/mL in all @entity1 . Normal PT and aPTT are flawed to predict this threshold and could not replace specific assays. Further studies are needed to define the relationship between per-procedural [DOAC] and clinical outcomes.

title: Peri-procedural management of XXXX and @entity3925 : Duration of anticoagulant discontinuation and drug concentrations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity3925 :: ('MESH:C503223', 'Chemical') :: ['rivaroxaban']

entities_list: @entity3926 :: ('MESH:C554682', 'Chemical') :: ['dabigatran']

answer: @entity3926 :: (MESH:C554682,Chemical) :: ['dabigatran']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: When local anesthetics are used, the administration of @entity6948 ( @entity9170 ) can prolong analgesic duration. However, the effect of caudal @entity9170 on high volume/low concentration (HVLC) local anesthetics has not been studied. We investigated the analgesic effect of @entity9170 added to a HVLC of @entity1342 for @entity616 in @entity1 . Eighty @entity1 (the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status I; age, 1-6 years) undergoing ambulatory orchiopexy were enrolled in the study. @entity1 were randomly assigned to undergo a @entity616 with 1.5   mL/kg of 0.15% @entity1342 and either 1     g/kg of @entity9170 ( @entity9170 group, n=40) or the same amount of saline (Control group, n=40) under general anesthesia. The results showed that the time to first analgesic request was significantly longer in the @entity9170 group than in the control group. The @entity2614 requirement for anesthesia and frequency of emergence agitation (EA) were also significantly lower in the @entity9170 group. There was no difference in adverse events between the two groups. In conclusion, a dose of 1     g/kg of caudal @entity9170 prolonged the first analgesic request time, although the immediate postoperative @entity158 scores were comparable in both groups. Furthermore, caudal @entity9170 significantly reduced the @entity2614 requirement and the frequency of EA.

title: The Effect of 1     g/kg @entity6948 Combined with High-Volume/Low-Concentration Caudal XXXX in @entity1 Undergoing Ambulatory Orchiopexy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['dexmedetomidine']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['caudal block']

answer: @entity1342 :: (MESH:C037663,Chemical) :: ['Ropivacaine']


abstract: To establish whether @entity2661 per se in the absence of significant increases in systolic load induce @entity296 via apoptosis, @entity35 were treated with vehicle or @entity3044 (400 microg . kg-1 . h-1). Apoptotic cardiocytes (Apo) were identified in paraffin-embedded sections using terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated @entity1977 nick end labeling. Results were confirmed using an independent ligase assay. Systolic blood pressures were comparable in @entity3044 -treated and control @entity35 . Twenty-four hours of treatment with @entity3044 resulted in significant numbers of Apo compared with control [7.9 +/- 2.5 vs. 0.3 +/- 0.3 (SE) cm-2, P < 0.05]. A cohort of animals was subjected to ventricular pacing to induce a @entity591 equivalent to that induced by @entity3044 , and these animals did not show an increase in Apo. The @entity4346 induced by 2 wk of abdominal aortic banding also increased Apo ( approximately 7. 2-fold); however, 24 h of @entity3044 infusion did not induce additional Apo in these @entity35 . Thus @entity2661 , in the absence of altered systolic load, induce Apo which is not mediated solely by @entity591 . @entity4346 secondary to abdominal aortic banding is associated with Apo, but this does not increase sensitivity to @entity3044 -induced Apo.

title: beta-adrenergic stimulation causes cardiocyte apoptosis: influence of XXXX and hypertrophy.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial damage']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular hypertrophy', 'left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['tachycardia']


abstract: @entity4089 is common in @entity1 with @entity177 . Because radiographic contrast material given during a computed tomographic (CT) scan of the sella as part of the evaluation for @entity2013 worsens @entity177 , we attempted to define the point at which @entity4089 becomes an expected finding in @entity1 with @entity177 in this study. Of 59 patients with serum @entity1011 levels of 1.5 to 12 mg/dL, 16 (27.1%) were hyperprolactinemic. Of these 16, nine were not taking medications known to raise @entity4090 levels and their @entity4090 levels were less than 100 ng/mL. In the eight @entity1 taking medications @entity4090 levels were much higher. In one @entity1 the @entity4090 level fell from 2,210 to 100 ng/mL when methyldopa was discontinued. In @entity1 with @entity177 @entity4090 levels were similar regardless of the method of dialysis. We conclude that in the absence of medications known to affect @entity4090 secretion, @entity4089 occurs infrequently (18.3%) and, when it occurs, is mild (less than 100 ng/mL). Marked @entity4089 may occur in @entity1 taking such medications. These should be stopped and the @entity4090 level rechecked before a CT scan is performed.

title: @entity4089 in XXXX with @entity177 and @entity177 requiring hemodialysis or chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperprolactinemia', 'hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinoma']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'renal insufficiency', 'chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review the histories of extramedullary plasmacytoma @entity1 diagnosed in Slovenia between 1969 and 1999, to determine the relationship between radiotherapy (XRT) dose and @entity5 control, and to clarify the role of elective nodal XRT and the prognostic value of Bartl's histologic grading criteria (originally devised for @entity1582 [ @entity1582 ]). METHODS AND MATERIALS: The database of the Cancer Registry of Slovenia was used for the identification of @entity1 . The inclusion criteria were as follows: bone marrow biopsy showing less than 10% plasma cells, normal skeletal survey, and immunohistochemically determined @entity5 monoclonality. Simulation/portal films were reviewed to assess the extent of elective nodal XRT. RESULTS: Twenty-six @entity1 with 31 @entity5 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In 4 @entity1 , nine metachronously appearing solitary @entity5 were diagnosed. The head-and-neck region and other body sites were the sites of origin of primary @entity5 in 84% and 16% of @entity1 , respectively, whereas in the two regions, regional disease was seen in 15% and 60% of @entity1 , respectively. Therapy was as follows: XRT, 12 @entity1 ; surgery and postoperative XRT, 15 @entity1 ; and surgery, 4 @entity1 . Ultimate local and regional control rates were 90% and 97%, respectively, and @entity1582 developed in 2 (8%) @entity1 . The 10-year disease-specific and overall survival rates were 87% and 61%, respectively. The analysis of the dose-effect relationship showed that more conservative treatment is justified: for macroscopic disease, 40-50 Gy (2 Gy/day), adjusted to the bulk of disease; for microscopic disease, 36-40 Gy; after R0 surgery, no XRT is required, but close observation is needed. No attempts should be made to treat uninvolved nodal regions. Using Bartl's histologic grading criteria, trends were detected in @entity1 with higher @entity5 grades: regional lymph node involvement (p = 0.04) and shorter disease-specific survival (p = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS: @entity8709 is a highly curable disease when XRT is used with or without previous surgery. The rate of conversion to @entity1582 is low. Moderate-dose XRT using limited fields is recommended. The prognostic value of Bartl's grading system needs further evaluation.

title: XXXX : clinical and histopathologic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'local tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity8709 :: ('MESH:C537514', 'Disease') :: ['Extramedullary plasmacytoma']

answer: @entity8709 :: (MESH:C537514,Disease) :: ['Extramedullary plasmacytoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We have previously reported the use of an atriopericardial or "sutureless" repair for surgical management of postoperative @entity849 . The potential of avoiding geometric distortion of pulmonary venous suture lines and preventing post-repair @entity849 encouraged us to extend the use of this technique for primary "simple" @entity1700 repair. METHODS: Between January 1997 and July 2009, 57 consecutive @entity1 (median age, 15 days; median weight, 3.4 kg) underwent sutureless or @entity1700 repair. RESULTS: Types of @entity1700 included supracardiac in 31 @entity1 (54%), cardiac in 15 @entity1 (26%), and infracardiac in 11 @entity1 (19%). Median follow-up time was 2.9 years. Preoperative mean pulmonary vein score, a composite measure of stenosis in all 4 pulmonary veins, was 0.3/0-12, and @entity3885 was found in 35 @entity1 (61.4%). A primary sutureless repair was carried out in 21 @entity1 (36.8%; supracardiac, n  =  12; cardiac, n  =  4; infracardiac, n  =  5). The sutureless repair group had proportionally greater high-risk @entity1700 (24% vs 16%, P  =  .05). Primary outcomes of @entity204 or reoperation for @entity849 and postoperative pulmonary vein scores (0.2    0.7 vs 0.7    1.7, P  =  .26) were not different between the techniques. CONCLUSIONS: The sutureless repair group had proportionally more @entity1700 and a higher rate of decline in postoperative right ventricular systolic pressure. Despite increased preoperative risk, no difference was observed in primary outcomes of @entity204 and reoperation in the conventional repair group.

title: Primary sutureless repair for "simple" XXXX : midterm results in a single institution.

entities_list: @entity1700 :: ('MESH:D012587', 'Disease') :: ['conventional total anomalous pulmonary venous connection', 'infracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection', 'total anomalous pulmonary venous connection']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['vertical vein obstruction']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vein stenosis']

answer: @entity1700 :: (MESH:D012587,Disease) :: ['total anomalous pulmonary venous connection']


abstract: In @entity28 circulating @entity701 levels are not elevated, but high intraadipose @entity701 concentrations have been implicated. @entity11331 dehydrogenase type 1 (11HSD1) catalyzes the conversion of inactive @entity821 to active @entity701 , thus amplifying @entity4738 ( @entity4738 ) activation. In cohorts of @entity1 and @entity1 , we have shown increased ex vivo 11HSD1 activity in sc adipose tissue associated with in vivo @entity28 and insulin resistance. Using these biopsies, we have now validated this observation by measuring 11HSD1 and @entity4738 mRNA and examined the impact on intraadipose @entity701 concentrations, putative glucocorticoid regulated adipose target gene expression ( @entity2178 and leptin), and systemic measurements of @entity701 metabolism. From aliquots of sc adipose biopsies from 16 @entity1 and 16 @entity1 we extracted RNA for real-time PCR and @entity230 for immunoassays. Adipose 11HSD1 mRNA was closely related to 11HSD1 activity [standardized beta coefficient (SBC) = 0.58; P < 0.01], and both were positively correlated with parameters of @entity28 (e.g. for BMI, SBC = 0.48; P < 0.05 for activity, and SBC = 0.63; P < 0.01 for mRNA) and insulin sensitivity (log fasting plasma insulin; SBC = 0.44; P < 0.05 for activity, and SBC = 0.33; P = 0.09 for mRNA), but neither correlated with urinary @entity701 / @entity821 metabolite ratios. Adipose GR-alpha and @entity2178 mRNA levels were not associated with @entity28 or insulin resistance, but leptin mRNA was positively related to 11HSD1 activity (SBC = 0.59; P < 0.05) and tended to be associated with parameters of @entity28 (BMI: SBC = 0.40; P = 0.09), fasting insulin (SBC = 0.65; P < 0.05), and 11HSD1 mRNA (SBC = 0.40; P = 0.15). Intraadipose @entity701 (142 +/- 30 nmol/kg) was not related to 11HSD1 activity or expression, but was positively correlated with plasma @entity701 . These data confirm that @entity28 is associated with transcriptional up-regulation of 11HSD1 in adipose, which is not detected by conventional in vivo measurements of urinary @entity701 metabolites and is not accompanied by dysregulation of @entity4738 . Although this may drive a compensatory increase in leptin synthesis, whether it has an adverse effect on intraadipose @entity701 concentrations and GR-dependent gene regulation remains to be established.

title: Local and systemic impact of transcriptional up-regulation of XXXX dehydrogenase type 1 in adipose tissue in @entity1 @entity28 .

entities_list: @entity821 :: ('MESH:D003348', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisone']

entities_list: @entity4738 :: ('2908', 'Gene') :: ['glucocorticoid receptor', 'GR']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensinogen']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity11331 :: ('CHEBI:35346', 'Chemical') :: ['11beta-Hydroxysteroid']

answer: @entity11331 :: (CHEBI:35346,Chemical) :: ['11beta-hydroxysteroid']


abstract: Interpersonal violence continues to be a problem in the United States, most prominent in the inner-city minority young @entity1 population. The medical approach of "treat 'em and street 'em" philosophy has led to foregoing the psychosocial needs of injured young @entity1 . This study describes a program to link young @entity1 who are victims of interpersonal violence to a healthcare system and a social service agency in an effort to meet their psychosocial needs. An unvalidated screening tool was developed by a team consisting of an EP, social worker, and public health scientist to determine the young victims' psychosocial needs. @entity1 aged 10 to 24 years who were victims of interpersonal violence (excluding @entity1 abuse, sexual assault, and domestic violence) were randomly assigned in the study. The control group was given a list of services and the treatment group received an assessment, case management, and referral to appropriate resources. The study site was a community, teaching level 1 @entity130 center. The study was approved by the institutional review board. Numbers of referrals in both groups were counted and compared using SPSS (version 10, Chicago, IL). One hundred eighty-eight victims of interpersonal violence were enrolled. A total of 82.5% were male, 65.4% were African American and 31.4% were Hispanic. At the end of 6 months, 78 of the 96 young @entity1 (81.3%) in the treatment group made one or more contacts with their case manager and made use of social service, healthcare, and other referrals. Education (21.6%), job readiness (19.1%), and mental health (11.9%) were the most frequently used services. Nine of the 92 (9.8%) in the control group used services; most of these referrals were for social services (7 of 9 respondents) and the others were healthcare-related. The difference in utilization of services between the treatment and the control groups were found to be significant different (95% confidence interval, 1.41-1.55, significance =.00), and there was a strong positive correlation of using services and case management (Pearson coefficient = 0.728, significance =.00). The referral of young victims of violence from the @entity2613 to psychosocial services could be successful using a case management model and an alliance between a healthcare system and a social service agency.

title: Violence prevention in the @entity2613 : linkage of the XXXX to a social service agency.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'child', 'persons']

answer: @entity2613 :: (MESH:C536181,Disease) :: ['ED']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study investigated how cigarette smoking and @entity285 use predict disability retirement. METHODS: Data from the longitudinal nationwide Finnish Twin Cohort study were analyzed, with clustered study design applied when computing 95% confidence intervals (CI). The sample included 21,719 individuals. Smoking and @entity285 use were assessed with a questionnaire in 1975. Registry data on retirement events up till end of 2004 were obtained from the Social Insurance Institution and the Finnish Centre for Pensions. RESULTS: Disability pension was granted to 4251 @entity1 . Among @entity1 , adjusted for age and @entity285 use, former (HR=1.45, 95%CI 1.28, 1.65, p<.001) and daily smokers (HR=1.93, 95%CI 1.71, 2.17, p<.001) showed @entity717 pension risk compared to never smokers. Among @entity1 , daily smokers (HR=1.25, 95%CI 1.11, 1.40, <.001) had elevated risk. The age and smoking adjusted risk estimates for @entity285 were elevated among abstainers ( @entity1 HR=1.41, 95%CI 1.21, 1.65, p<.001; @entity1 HR=1.36, 95%CI 1.23, 1.52, p<.001) and heavy drinkers ( @entity1 HR=1.30, 95%CI 1.18, 1.43, p<.001; @entity1 HR=1.34, 95%CI 1.04, 1.72, p=.026). Those being persistent smokers and binge drinkers had over three-fold disability risk compared to those who were binge drinkers but had only a few smoking years ( @entity1 : HR=3.32, 95%CI 2.43, 4.54, p<.001; @entity1 : HR=4.05, 95%CI 2.05, 8.00, p<.001). Among @entity1 and @entity1 who were not binge drinkers, longer smoking duration was needed for @entity717 risk. CONCLUSIONS: Both smoking and excess @entity285 use significantly predict disability retirement. In order to extend working careers, more attention should be paid to health behaviors, in addition to working conditions.

title: Cigarette smoking and XXXX use as predictors of disability retirement: A population-based cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['elevated disability']

answer: @entity285 :: (D000431,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To update recommendations for the treatment of @entity5144 with biological therapies, endorsed by the Portuguese Society of Rheumatology ( @entity29552 ). METHODS: These treatment recommendations were formulated by Portuguese rheumatologists based on literature evidence and consensus opinion. At a national meeting the 16 recommendations included in this document were discussed and updated. The level of agreement among Portuguese Rheumatologists was assessed using an online survey. A draft of the full text of the recommendations was then circulated and suggestions were incorporated. A final version was again circulated before publication. RESULTS: A consensus was achieved regarding the initiation, assessment of response and switching biological therapies in @entity1 with @entity5144 ( @entity5144 ). Specific recommendations were developed for several disease domains: peripheral @entity625 , @entity66 , @entity4932 and dactylitis. CONCLUSION: These recommendations may be used for guidance in deciding which @entity1 with @entity5144 should be treated with biological therapies. They cover a rapidly evolving area of therapeutic intervention. As more evidence becomes available and more biological therapies are licensed, these recommendations will have to be updated.

title: PORTUGUESE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE USE OF BIOLOGICAL THERAPIES IN XXXX WITH PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS - 2015 UPDATE.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['axial disease']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['PsA', 'psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['enthesitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['PATIENTS']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Endoscopic markers of @entity194 ( @entity194 ) can facilitate diagnosis of @entity1593 during routine upper GI endoscopy. We studied their sensitivity for @entity194 in a large series of @entity1 undergoing GI endoscopy specifically for duodenal biopsy. Poor sensitivity in this setting would have significant and adverse implications for their performance during routine endoscopy. METHODS: All @entity1 with @entity194 on duodenal biopsy performed for positive serum endomysial antibody (EmA) and/or clinical features suggestive of @entity1593 were included. The second part of duodenum was inspected carefully for endoscopic markers using videogastroscopes. RESULTS: Of 129 @entity1 studied, 99 (77%) had at least one endoscopic markers. The most commonly seen marker were a mosaic pattern mucosa (68 @entity1 , 53%) and scalloping of duodenal folds (74 @entity1 , 57%). The prevalence of markers was significantly lower for partial @entity194 (15 of 26 @entity1 , 58%) than for subtotal or total @entity194 (84 of 103 @entity1 , 82%) (p < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic markers have disappointing sensitivity even in a population at high risk of @entity1593 , particularly for partial @entity194 . Their performance may be even poorer in an unselected dyspeptic population. Although they may help improve diagnosis rates among @entity1 with nonspecific @entity1109 , many @entity1 , particularly those with milder @entity7017 , will be missed. As @entity1593 is an important cause of @entity2210 , consideration should be given to serological screening to further improve diagnosis rates, as few centers will have the resources to routinely biopsy all @entity1 .

title: Disappointing sensitivity of endoscopic markers for XXXX in a high-risk population: implications for @entity1593 diagnosis during routine endoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['dyspeptic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity7017 :: ('MESH:C538273', 'Disease') :: ['enteropathy']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['VA', 'duodenal villous atrophy']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

answer: @entity194 :: (MESH:D001284,Disease) :: ['villous atrophy']


abstract: We have previously shown that metastatic @entity189 of unknown primary site overexpress several @entity5 markers as well as the products of the oncogenes @entity517 , ras and @entity1722 . We analyzed the tissue expression of the protein products of the apoptosis modulation genes @entity876 and @entity588 in 47 CUP cases. Formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded @entity5 specimens were stained with commercially available antibodies to @entity876 (DO7) and @entity588 after antigen retrieval by the microwave method. Staining was evaluated by intensity (1+ to 3+), percentage of positive cells (1-100%), and the 'intensity times percentage' product defined as the immunoreactivity index with values ranging from 0 to 300. Immunoreactivity index values higher than 150 were considered to characterize protein over-expression. Expression of @entity876 was identified in 70.2% of @entity5 while 53% of them showed a high immunoreactivity index. @entity588 expression was detected in 65% of @entity5 and overexpressed in 40%. Overexpression of both proteins was detected in 20% of @entity5 . The detection of either protein was not associated with any of the major clinicopathological variables studied. Nevertheless, a trend towards a more favourable response to platin based chemotherapy was seen in the cases that showed a strong expression of both proteins, when analysed by immunoreactivity index and percentage of positive cells. We conclude that CUP overexpress at a high percentage the @entity876 and the @entity588 proteins. The observed weak association of strong expression of these proteins with response to platin-based chemotherapy deserves further evaluation in the CUP setting.

title: @entity588 and XXXX protein expression in @entity189 of unknown primary origin: biological and clinical implications. A Hellenic Co-operative Oncology Group study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Changing family structure (Joint to Nuclear), increased life expectancy above 60 years of age, generation and communication gap, financial dependency on @entity1 leads to conflict among family members. This may sometime lead to old age home settlement of elderly @entity1 . All these condition leads to isolation and insecurity among elderly @entity1 and this condition affect the mental status of elderly @entity1 which may sometime lead to @entity308 among Old Age Homes residents and family living elderly @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of @entity308 and diagnosed systemic morbidities among elderly @entity1 . To study the predictors of @entity308 among study subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among elderly @entity1 (age >= 60 years) residing in @entity4536 ( @entity4536 ) and in community/families in Lucknow, India. Multistage sampling technique was used to include required sample of subjects from the community and for @entity4536 all the elderly @entity1 living in @entity4536 were included. Geriatric @entity308 scale was used to screen @entity308 . RESULTS: @entity308 was 27.7% among elderly @entity1 residing in @entity4536 while it was 15.6% those residing at their own homes. In community most frequent morbidity was @entity101 (17.7%) while 41.1% elderly @entity1 had no diagnosed morbidity. In @entity4536 out of total the musculoskeletal morbidity (33.7%) was most frequent and 18.8% had no diagnosed morbidity. On multivariate analysis financial dependency and education were found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSION: @entity308 was more common among elderly living in Old Age Homes as compare to those living in community. @entity101 , musculoskeletal morbidities and eye related morbidities were most frequent diagnosed morbidities. Financial Dependency _ Education were found to be primary predictors of @entity308 .

title: Screening XXXX Among Elderly in a City of Southeast Asia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'people']

entities_list: @entity4536 :: ('MESH:D016773', 'Disease') :: ['old age homes', 'OAHs']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: We purified pancreatic deoxyribonucleases I (DNases I) from three snakes, Elaphe quadrivirgata, Elaphe climacophora and Agkistrodon blomhoffii, and cloned their cDNAs. Each mature snake DNase I protein comprised 262 @entity1522 . Wild-type snake DNases I with Leu130 were more thermally unstable than wild-type @entity1 and avian DNases I with Ile130. After substitution of @entity70462 , the thermal stabilities of the snake enzymes were higher than those of their wild-type counterparts and similar to @entity1 wild-type enzyme levels. Conversely, substituting @entity70463 of @entity1 DNases I made them more thermally unstable than their wild-type counterparts. Therefore, a single @entity535 substitution, @entity70462 , might be involved in an evolutionally critical change in the thermal stabilities of vertebrate DNases I. Amphibian DNases I have a Ser205 insertion in a @entity141 -binding site of @entity1 and avian enzymes that reduces their thermal stabilities [Takeshita, H., Yasuda, T., Iida, R., Nakajima, T., Mori, S., Mogi, K., Kaneko, Y. _ Kishi, K. (2001) Biochem. J.357, 473-480]. Thus, it is plausible that the thermally stable wild-type DNases I of the higher vertebrates, such as mammals and birds, have been generated by a single @entity70462 substitution of reptilian enzymes through molecular evolution following Ser205 deletion from amphibian enzymes. This mechanism may reflect one of the evolutionary changes from cold-blooded to warm-blooded vertebrates.

title: A single XXXX substitution of @entity70462 in snake DNases I contributes to the acquisition of thermal stability.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity70463 :: ('p|SUB|I|130|L', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Ile130Leu']

entities_list: @entity70462 :: ('p|SUB|L|130|I', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Leu130Ile']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe hemodynamic improvement in a @entity1 treated with @entity842 (NO) inhalation in the management of @entity67 caused by @entity583 . DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: An intensive care unit of a university hospital. @entity1 : A 66-yr-old @entity1 with severe @entity67 caused by @entity583 . INTERVENTIONS: @entity842 inhalation through a ventilator circuit. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The @entity1 complained of @entity662 . When @entity583 was diagnosed, he underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and percutaneous transluminal coronary recanalization, but they were not effective. We instituted intra-aortic balloon pumping and brought the @entity1 to the intensive care unit (ICU). Even with high-dose inotropic support, his hemodynamics deteriorated gradually. On the @entity1 's seventh day in the ICU, we started NO inhalation at 5-10 ppm in an attempt to relieve his @entity712 . Immediately after NO inhalation was started, his hemodynamics improved significantly, and we could wean the @entity1 from intra-aortic balloon pumping. NO inhalation was continued for 9 days and was successfully discontinued without circulatory deterioration. He was discharged from our hospital uneventfully. CONCLUSION: @entity842 inhalation improved hemodynamics in our @entity1 with @entity67 after @entity583 . Our report suggests that a clinical trial of NO treatment for severe @entity67 caused by @entity583 is warranted.

title: XXXX inhalation is useful in the management of @entity67 caused by @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'man', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['right heart failure']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide', 'nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular failure']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['Nitric oxide']


abstract: Between September 1988 and August 1990, we treated 35 @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 with a novel regimen containing @entity2664 , @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ), and high-dose leucovorin. This regimen was designed to take full advantage of the favorable @entity137 profiles of these agents while maintaining a high level of activity. All @entity1 had received previous chemotherapy (adjuvant only, 15 @entity1 ; at least one metastatic regimen, 20 @entity1 ). Seven @entity1 had received previous @entity632 , but none within 6 months of study entry. Of 31 assessable @entity1 , 20 (65%) had objective responses (two complete, 18 partial), with a median response duration of 6 months (range, 3 to 16+ months). Four @entity1 with bone @entity3 (abnormal bone scan only) and @entity158 were not considered assessable by strict response criteria; two of these @entity1 had sustained symptomatic relief for 6 and 8 months, respectively. Myelosuppression was the most frequent @entity137 but was mild in most @entity1 ; only four hospitalizations for @entity221 and @entity1398 were required (2% of courses). No severe @entity882 occurred and no RBC transfusions were required. @entity1665 , @entity33 , and @entity390 / @entity391 were uncommon and were not severe in any @entity1 . The combination of @entity2664 , @entity1487 , and high-dose leucovorin is well tolerated and active as a first- or second-line treatment for metastatic @entity0 . Comparison with other standard regimens for @entity0 is indicated.

title: XXXX , @entity1487 , and high-dose leucovorin: an effective, well-tolerated regimen for metastatic @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-FU', 'fluorouracil']

answer: @entity2664 :: (MESH:D008942,Chemical) :: ['Mitoxantrone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although monitoring foot skin temperatures has been associated with @entity6 foot @entity1066 recurrence, no studies have been carried out to test the feasibility among European Caucasians. Moreover, the educational and/or motivational models that promote cognitive or psychosocial processes in these studies are lacking. Thus, we conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial to test the feasibility of monitoring foot skin temperatures in combination with theory-based counselling to standard foot care to reduce @entity6 foot @entity1066 recurrence. METHODS: In a single-blinded nurse-led 1-year controlled trial, conducted at a hospital setting in Norway, 41 @entity1 with @entity3949 and previous foot @entity1066 were randomized to the intervention (n   =   21) or control groups (n   =   20). All @entity1 were instructed in foot care and recording observations daily. Additionally, the intervention group was taught how to monitor and record skin temperature at baseline, and received counselling every third month supporting them to use the new treatment. Subjects observing temperature differences >2.0    C between corresponding sites on the left and right foot on two consecutive days were asked to contact the study nurse and reduce physical activity. Fisher exact test was used to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the proportion of subjects with a foot @entity1066 . Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to compare the two groups in regard to the time to development of a foot @entity1066 . RESULTS: In the intervention group, 67  % (n   =   14/21) monitored and recorded skin temperatures >= 80  % of the time while 70  % (n   =   14/20) of the controls recorded foot inspections. Foot @entity1066 incidence was 39  % (7/21) vs. 50  % (10/20) in the intervention and control groups, respectively (ns). CONCLUSIONS: This feasibility study showed that the addition of counselling to promote self-monitoring of skin temperature to standard care to prevent recurrence of foot @entity1066 is feasible in @entity1 with @entity6 in Norway. Home skin temperature monitoring was performed as frequently by the intervention group as usual foot observations in the controls despite the extra effort required. We did not detect a difference in foot @entity1066 recurrence between groups, but our study may inform future full scale studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01269502.

title: A pilot study testing the feasibility of skin temperature monitoring to reduce recurrent foot ulcers in @entity1 with XXXX - a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In contrast to the well-recognized @entity3521 , the @entity68638 remains a poorly defined entity. The purpose of this study is to report on the clinical features of three @entity1 with lower esophageal muscular rings and review the literature on this disorder, to better understand its importance as a cause of @entity1282 . METHODS: Three @entity1 presenting to the West Roxbury VA Medical Center were identified as having a contractile, focal narrowing in the distal esophagus by upper GI series. Clinical histories were obtained and endoscopic and manometric evaluations were performed. RESULTS: The three @entity1 had symptoms consisting of chronic, intermittent @entity1282 for both liquids and solids. The results of barium swallows and upper endoscopic examinations were similar and revealed a focal, thick constriction of variable luminal diameter located a few centimeters above the squamocolumnar junction. Esophageal motility testing revealed peristaltic, high-amplitude, long-duration, and multiple peaked contractions. Lower esophageal sphincter function was normal. The @entity1 derived partial or only temporary relief of @entity1282 with @entity384 with rigid dilators. All three @entity1 had significant symptomatic responses to anticholinergic agents. CONCLUSIONS: Lower esophageal muscular rings are an uncommon but important cause of @entity1282 . Significant esophageal motility abnormalities can be found in symptomatic @entity1 . Distinguishing the @entity68638 from the @entity3521 is important because of differences in the treatment and outcome of the two conditions.

title: Clinical and manometric features of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal dilation']

entities_list: @entity3521 :: ('MESH:D012303', 'Disease') :: ["Schatzki's ring"]

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity68638 :: ('MESH:C562765', 'Disease') :: ['lower esophageal muscular ring']

answer: @entity68638 :: (MESH:C562765,Disease) :: ['lower esophageal muscular ring']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this retrospective study was to analyse the pathogenesis and the treatment strategies of @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ) with the concomitant mitral @entity340 . METHODS: Between October 1996 and December 2009, 76 @entity1 with the @entity1121 underwent the ventricular septal myotomy-myectomy in Fuwai hospital. There were 51 males and 25 females aged between 6 and 68 years (mean: 37.18    15.85 years) old. All the @entity1 had left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction with a resting or physically provoked gradient of >= 50 mmHg and the systolic anterior movement (SAM) of the mitral leaflets, and 64 @entity1 had @entity339 ( @entity339 ). These @entity1 underwent the ventricular septal myotomy-myectomy under general anaesthesia and cardiopulmonary bypass. The concomitant surgical procedures included mitral valve replacement (MVR, n = 14) and @entity339 ( @entity339 , n = 12). RESULTS: All the surgical procedures were technically successful. In comparison with the preoperative conditions, the resting LVOT gradient had marked reduction (99.73    38.61-23.55    16.53 mmHg, P < 0.001), the mean septal thickness was decreased from 26.23    5.24 to 17.33    4.74 mm. @entity339 had significant improvement, SAM was resolved completely or only mild. Four @entity1 (5.3%, 4/76) died during the hospital stay. The causes of @entity204 included severe @entity943 with @entity998 , severe @entity810 , @entity326 with @entity810 with @entity998 . The others were followed up for 5-18 years: there were no deaths. Moderate @entity339 was noted in two @entity1 at 2 months or 2 years after operation respectively, who had undergone @entity339 with the edge-to-edge technique stitch procedure, and only had mild or trivial @entity339 at hospital discharge, of whom one received repeat operation with MVR and the other is still in follow-up. All surviving @entity1 were evaluated as New York Heart Association Functional class I or II, and had a significant increase in physical capacity and a significant reduction in disabling symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The ventricular septal myotomy-myectomy can be performed successfully for the severe obstructive @entity1121 and @entity339 with the low morbidity and mortality and excellent survival in the great majority of @entity1 . But for the few @entity1 with the intrinsic @entity339 or MVR may be required, and MVR should be performed only as a priority choice for the inherent risks of prosthetic valves and anticoagulation therapy.

title: The surgical management of @entity1121 with the concomitant mitral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve plasty', 'MVP', 'mitral valve disease, the concomitant MVP', 'MR', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['low cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal dysfunction and the complete AV block', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HOCM', 'hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['valve abnormalities']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity43 is a highly lethal gynecological malignancy for which the overall prognosis has remained poor over the past few decades. Interleukin ( @entity650 ) has been found to be a major contributor to the initiation and progression of @entity43 . This cytokine exerts its activity through activation of several signaling pathways, in particular the signal transducer and activator of transcription ( @entity4104 ) pathway. Here, we aimed at investigating the capacity of a natural dietary compound found in cruciferous vegetables, i.e., @entity14507 ( @entity12315 ), to target the metastatic phenotype of @entity43 cells through functional p- @entity4104 . METHODS: The @entity1 @entity43 -derived cell lines SKOV3 and A2780 were treated with @entity650 and/or @entity12315 and subjected to in vitro proliferation, adhesion, migration and invasion assays to assess the anti-metastatic and anti- @entity650 effects of @entity12315 , as well as to assess gene expression alterations before and after shRNA-mediated @entity4104 silencing. RESULTS: We found that @entity12315 inhibits @entity650 -mediated increases in @entity43 cell adhesion, migration and invasion. These results were corroborated by shRNA-mediated @entity4104 silencing. Through Western blot and ELISA analyses direct evidence was provided for the capacity of @entity12315 to inhibit @entity43 cell adhesion, migration and invasion, which was found to be associated with down-regulation of the matrix metalloproteinases @entity1476 and @entity1495 . CONCLUSIONS: From our data we conclude that @entity12315 exhibits an anti- @entity650 -like activity by inhibiting p- @entity4104 enhanced @entity43 cell proliferation and in vitro @entity3 -associated events, i.e., adhesion, migration and invasion. Most significantly, @entity1476 and @entity1495 , which are known to promote and enhance @entity3 , were found to act as targets of @entity12315 . This anti- @entity650 -like property of @entity12315 may pave the way for the development of novel @entity43 preventive and/or therapeutic strategies.

title: @entity650 -induced @entity3 modulators p- @entity4104 , @entity1476 and @entity1495 are targets of @entity14507 in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian cancer', 'Ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity14507 :: ('MESH:C016392', 'Chemical') :: ["3,3'-diindolylmethane"]

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to determine the prevalence of esthetic problems due to dental @entity3296 , and determine the relationship of different @entity1388 exposure histories to the occurrence of these problems. METHODS: In 1993-94 2,715 @entity1 in grades 2 and 3 and 3,297 adolescents in grades 8 and 9 were examined by four dentists. Questionnaires detailing exposures to various @entity1388 technologies were collected from 3,022 of these study @entity1 . Esthetic ratings of the @entity1 ' @entity1347 were made by the examiners, the @entity1 themselves, and their parents using questionnaires designed for this purpose. RESULTS: Data indicate that 46 percent of the @entity1 had dental @entity3296 . Only 40 percent had @entity3296 on anterior maxillary teeth. The prevalence of esthetic problems ranged from about 1 percent to 4 percent, depending on how an esthetic problem was defined. Esthetic problems as defined by the @entity1 were more prevalent for the "over 11" age group. Logistic regression results demonstrated significant associations between several of the classifications of esthetic problems and the use of @entity1388 supplements and dentifrices, and exposure to fluoridated water during the third year of life. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that the prevalence of esthetic problems is low in the communities surveyed, and that exposure to any number of @entity1388 technologies in the third year of life can increase a @entity1 's risk for this problem.

title: The influence of various XXXX exposures on the prevalence of esthetic problems resulting from dental @entity3296 .

entities_list: @entity3296 :: ('MESH:D009050', 'Disease') :: ['fluorosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'participant', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary anterior teeth']

answer: @entity1388 :: (MESH:D005459,Chemical) :: ['fluoride']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of single lung transplantation (SLTx) for @entity1030 is often  viewed as inferior therapy compared with bilateral lung transplantation (BLTx). We hypothesized from our  experience that subpopulations of recipients with @entity2415 exist in which SLTx represents therapy that is equivalent to BLTx, therefore allowing more @entity1 access to transplantation. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 undergoing LTx for @entity2415 between 1992 and 2012 at a single institution were identified and analyzed retrospectively. A similar cohort from the United Network of Organ Sharing (UNOS) national database was identified for comparison. Five-year survival in @entity1 receiving SLTx and those receiving BLTx were compared using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank tests. RESULTS: Two hundred thirty-six @entity1 meeting criteria were identified from our institution. Two hundred six underwent SLTx, and 30 underwent BLTx. Five-year survival for single-center SLTx (53.2%    3.6%) and BLTx (56.7%    10.2%) was not significantly different (p  = 0.753). The national database included 7,256 @entity1 meeting selection criteria, with 4,408 undergoing SLTx and 2,848 undergoing BLTx. Five-year survival among the national cohorts was lower for SLTx (46.4%    0.8%) compared with BLTx (55.9%    1.1%) (p < 0.0001). However, 5-year survival for our single-center SLTx experience (53.2%    3.6%) was comparable to the national BLTx cohort (55.9%    1.1%) (p  = 0.539). CONCLUSIONS: Five-year survival after SLTx for @entity2415 was comparable to that for BLTx in cohorts from our institution and from the UNOS national database. Further study should focus on the mechanism behind these improved outcomes. Given the potential for a larger number of life-years saved, SLTx should continue to be considered a  therapeutic option in appropriately selected @entity1 with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ).

title: Continued Utility of Single-Lung Transplantation in Select Populations: XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of a standard American diet, a traditional low-fat diet, and a low-fat diet containing the fat substitute olestra on risk factors for @entity299 and @entity6 . DESIGN: A 9-month, double-blind, randomized, parallel-arm, feeding study comparing three diets: (1). control (33% fat), (2). fat-reduced (FR; 25% fat), and (3). fat-substituted (FS) where olestra replaced 1/3 of dietary fat (33% lipid and 25% digestible fat). Subjects were allowed to adjust their total energy intake as desired, allowing weight to fluctuate. SUBJECTS: A total of 37 healthy, @entity28 @entity1 (age 36.7+/-1.3 y; body mass index 30.8+/-0.4 kg/m(2)). MEASUREMENTS: Body weight and composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, blood pressure, serum lipids, lipoproteins, hemostatic factors, @entity413 , insulin, and leptin at baseline and every 3 months. RESULTS: The FS group lost 6.27 kg of body weight by 9 months vs 4.0 kg in the control and 1.79 kg in the FR groups. There was a significant diet main effect on @entity165 (P=0.002), low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (P=0.003), and @entity1674 (P=0.01), all of which decreased in the FS group but not the other groups by 9 months. @entity755 ( @entity755 ) increased in the FR and control groups but was unchanged in the FS group (diet main effect P=0.04). High-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 increased in all groups over 9 months (time main effect P=0.0001). Time main effects were also observed for @entity165 , @entity1675 , @entity755 , Factor VII, diastolic blood pressure, and @entity413 . After adjustment for % fat loss at 9 months, the effects of diet on change in risk factors remained significant only for @entity1674 . DISCUSSION: Consumption of a low-fat diet containing olestra for 9 months produced significant improvement in cardiovascular risk factors, an effect largely explained by @entity353 . Long-term low-fat diet consumption with or without olestra does not decrease HDL @entity165 .

title: Consumption of a controlled low-fat diet containing olestra for 9 months improves health risk factors in conjunction with @entity353 in XXXX @entity1 : the Ole' Study.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['ApoB', 'Apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 8015 Background: To assess quality of life (QL) in a multicentre phase III randomised trial evaluating the benefit of adding CT and/or @entity2670 to adjuvant @entity16235 in pre/perimenopausal @entity1 , and of adding CT to @entity16235 in postmenopausal @entity1 . Key QL outcomes included systemic and menopausal symptoms, mood, sexual functioning, body image, role functioning and global QL. METHODS: @entity1 reported QL using the EORTC QLQ-C30, BR23 @entity0 module, Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale (HADS) and Menopausal Symptom Scale (MSS), before randomisation and at 3, 6, 9, 18, 30, 48 and 72 months. RESULTS: From 1997-2000, 436/3854 @entity1 in the ABC trial were recruited to the QL study (247 in +/-CT comparison, 199 in +/- @entity2670 comparison), median age 49 (range 28-79). Compliance with QL forms was high; 99.8% at baseline ranging to 86.3% at 30 months. The addition of CT was associated with worse QL during the first 9 months for @entity308 (p=0.007), role function (p=0.003) and global QL (p=0.001) and a trend to worse QL for body image concerns (p=0.02), and sexual enjoyment (p=0.08). Systemic side effects (p=0.001) and menopausal problems (p=0.02) were worse over 30 months. The addition of @entity2670 resulted in increased menopausal symptoms (p<0.0001), @entity308 (p=0.05) and @entity148 (p=0.04) over 30 months but no deterioration in role function, global QL, body image or sexual function. CONCLUSIONS: Adverse QL counters the potential benefits of additional CT; therefore treatment choice should consider possible health gains and QL losses. The negative QL effect of @entity2670 is paralleled by a lack of clinical benefit in the ABC trial. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: The impact on quality of life of adding chemotherapy (CT) or @entity2670 ( @entity2670 ) to adjuvant tamoxifen ( XXXX ): Outcomes from the UK NCRI Adjuvant @entity0 (ABC) trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity16235 :: (D013629,Chemical) :: ['TAM']


abstract: @entity295 is a common condition with a major global impact on healthcare resources and expenditure. The Surviving @entity295 Campaign has been vigorous in promoting internationally recognised pathways to improve the management of septic @entity1 and decrease mortality. However, translating recommendations into practice is a challenging and complex task that requires a multi-faceted approach with sustained engagement from local stakeholders. Whilst working at a district general hospital in New Zealand, we were concerned by the seemingly inconsistent management of septic @entity1 , often leading to long delays in the initiation of life-saving measures such as antibiotic, fluid, and @entity26 administration. In our hospital there were no clear systems, protocols or guidelines in place for identifying and managing septic @entity1 . We therefore launched the @entity295 Six resuscitation bundle of care in our hospital in an attempt to raise awareness amongst staff and improve the management of septic @entity1 . We introduced a number of simple low-cost interventions that included educational sessions for junior doctors and nursing staff, as well as posters and modifications to phlebotomy trolleys that acted as visual reminders to implement the @entity295 Six bundle. Overall, we found there to a be a steady improvement in the delivery of the @entity295 Six bundle in septic @entity1 with 63% of @entity1 receiving appropriate care within one hour, compared to 29% prior to our interventions. However this did not translate to an improvement in @entity1 mortality. This project forms part of an on going process to instigate a fundamental culture change among local healthcare professionals regarding the management of @entity295 . Whilst we have demonstrated improved implementation of the @entity295 Six bundle, the key challenge remains to ensure that momentum of this project continues and forms a platform for sustainable clinical improvement in the long term.

title: Improving the management of XXXX in a district general hospital by implementing the ' @entity295 Six' recommendations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Sepsis']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']