abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity327 type b (Hib) causes acute @entity4008 (ABM) in @entity1 , with a mortality rate of about 3-6  % of the affected @entity1 . ABM can lead to death during a period of hours to several days and, hence, rapid and early detection of the infection is crucial. Aptamers, the short single-stranded DNA or RNA with high affinity to target molecules, are selected by a high-flux screening technique known as in vitro screening and systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment technology (SELEX). In this study, whole-cell SELEX was applied for the selection of target-specific aptamers with high affinity to Hib. ssDNA aptamers prepared by lambda exonuclease were incubated with the target cells (Hib). The aptameric binding rate to Hib was characterized for binding affinity after seven SELEX rounds by flow cytometry. The aptamers with higher binding affinity were cloned. Four of 68 aptamer clones were selected for sequencing. The dissociation constant (Kd) of the high-affinity aptamer clones 45 and 63 were 47.10 and 28.46  pM, respectively. These aptamers did not bind to other bacterial species, including the seven @entity693 -causing bacteria. They showed distinct affinity to various @entity327 strains only. These aptamers showed the highest affinity to Hib and the lowest affinity to @entity327 type c and to other @entity693 -causing bacteria. Clone 63 could detect Hib in @entity1 ' cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples at 60  colony-forming units (CFU)/mL. The results indicate applicability of the aptamers for rapid and early detection of infections brought about by Hib.

title: DNA aptamers for the detection of XXXX type b by cell SELEX.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity327 :: ('727', 'Species') :: ['H. influenzae', 'Haemophilus influenzae']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

answer: @entity327 :: (727,Species) :: ['Haemophilus influenzae']


abstract: AIM: To determine the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of @entity2909 of the sinonasal cavity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six @entity1 with histology-proven @entity2909 in the sinonasal cavity were retrospectively reviewed. All six @entity1 underwent CT and three @entity1 also underwent MRI. The following imaging features were reviewed: size, margin, CT attenuation, MRI signal intensity, and lesion extent. In addition, the time-intensity curve (TIC) of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) were analysed in two @entity1 . RESULTS: All @entity2909 had well-defined margins. The mean size was 36 mm (range 20-51 mm). On unenhanced CT, the lesions appeared isodense to cerebral grey matter in four (67%) and slightly hypodense in two (33%) @entity1 . @entity2909 appeared isointense On T1-weighted imaging (WI) and slightly hyperintense on T2WI in three @entity1 . The lesions showed moderate contrast enhancement. Two @entity1 underwent DCE MRI, and the TIC showed a rapidly enhancing and slow washout pattern. The mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value were 1.66x10(-3) mm(2)/s and 1.78x10(-3) mm(2)/s for the two lesions, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Well-defined, homogeneous, expansile masses without bony erosion are typical features of @entity2909 . Althrough rare, this entity should be included in the differential diagnosis of @entity5 in this region.

title: XXXX of the sinonasal cavity: CT and MRI findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyomas', 'Leiomyomas', 'leiomyoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumours']

answer: @entity2909 :: (MESH:D007889,Disease) :: ['Leiomyoma']


abstract: @entity1871 / @entity172 oral contraceptives have some side effects, including @entity1211 . To alleviate side effects, improvements have been made to low-dose oral contraceptives, including reductions in the amount of @entity172 and/or changes the type of progestin. A compound drug containing 3mg @entity4863 and 20 g @entity2082 (DRSP/EE20, @entity68419  ) was released in overseas markets in 2006, and in Japan in 2010 as a newly developed low-dose medicines. This drug is expected to have lower side effects. We received a medicolegal autopsy case of a young @entity1 who had been prescribed YAZ for @entity1834 for 17months. The autopsy revealed a blood clot in her pulmonary artery bifurcation. Blood screening by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis did not detect any medicinal toxicants. However, from police investigations, it is strongly believed that she had been taking YAZ. Therefore we performed a single ion resolution mode assay and detected DRSP. A quantitative analysis revealed 32.3ng/mL of DRSP. As no other cause of the @entity1151 was evident, we consider YAZ as the likely cause of the @entity1151 . Recent reports from the past few years suggest a higher risk of @entity1211 with DRSP/EE20 than earlier progestin/ @entity172 oral contraceptives. Comparing the risk associated with DRSP/EE20 and DRSP/EE30, one report found no differences and another report showed DRSP/EE20 was associated with a higher risk than DRSP/EE30. No cases of @entity715 caused by @entity1871 alone have been reported. But comparing the risk between DRSP/EE20 and other @entity7828 /EE20, two studies reported DRSP/EE20 had a higher risk than other @entity7828 /EE20. The incidence of @entity1211 is highest in the first year of use and decreases thereafter. Because DRSP/EE20 has been on the market for only a couple of years, it is necessary for clinicians to use the drug carefully and accumulate more side-effect data. It is important for forensic scientists to confirm all of the prescribed drugs in autopsy cases, search the risks of identified drugs, particularly new drugs, and provide relevant case information in a timely manner.

title: XXXX detected in postmortem blood of a young @entity1 with @entity1151 : A case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinylestradiol']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity4863 :: ('MESH:C035144', 'Chemical') :: ['drospirenone']

entities_list: @entity7828 :: ('MESH:D011372', 'Chemical') :: ['progestins']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['Progestin', 'progestin']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity4863 :: (MESH:C035144,Chemical) :: ['Drospirenone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical benefit of increasing the osmotic load of the hypertonic solution administered for the treatment of refractory @entity428 episodes in @entity1 with severe @entity542 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomized study. SETTINGS: A @entity130 center in a university hospital. @entity1 : Twenty consecutive @entity1 with @entity542 and persistent @entity772 who required infusions of an osmotic agent to treat episodes of @entity428 resistant to well-conducted standard modes of therapy were studied. Intracranial @entity101 was considered refractory when it persisted despite deep sedation, optimal hemodynamic status, and, in some @entity1 , drainage of cerebral spinal fluid. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive isovolume infusions of either 7.5% hypertonic saline solution (2400 mOsm/kg/ @entity2507 ) or 20% @entity2656 (1160 mOsm/kg/ @entity2507 ). The @entity1 were given 2 mL/kg (body weight) of either solution, i.e., 361 +/- 13 mOsm of saline or 175 +/- 12 mOsm of @entity2656 per injection. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The main variables studied were the number and the duration of episodes of @entity428 per day during the study period, which was stopped after the last episode of @entity428 was recorded from intracranial pressure monitoring or after the allocated treatment failure. @entity1 in the @entity11339 group were monitored for 7 +/- 5 days and those in the @entity2656 group for 7 +/- 6 days (not significant). The rate of failure for each treatment was also evaluated. Failure was defined as the persistence of @entity428 despite two successive infusions of the same osmotic agent. The mean number of osmotic solute infusions was 3.7 +/- 5.3 in the @entity2656 group and 3.3 +/- 4.1 in the hypertonic saline solution group (not significant). The mean number (6.9 +/- 5.6 vs. 13.3 +/- 14.6 episodes) of @entity428 episodes per day and the daily duration (67 +/- 85 vs. 131 +/- 123 min) of @entity428 episodes were significantly lower in the hypertonic saline solution group (p <.01). The rate of clinical failure was also significantly lower in the hypertonic saline solution group: 1 of 10 @entity1 vs. 7 of 10 @entity1 (p <.01). CONCLUSION: In this study, when a hypertonic solute was required for the treatment of refractory @entity428 episodes in @entity1 with severe @entity542 , increasing the osmotic load by giving 2 mL/kg (body weight) of 7.5% saline (361 +/- 13 mOsm) was more effective than giving 2 mL/kg (body weight) of 20% @entity2656 (175 +/- 12 mOsm). Within the limitations of the present study, these data suggest that giving 2 mL/kg hypertonic saline solution (approximately 480 mOsm/70 kg body weight) is an effective and safe initial treatment for @entity428 episodes in @entity542 @entity1 when osmotherapy is indicated.

title: Isovolume hypertonic solutes (sodium chloride or @entity2656 ) in the treatment of refractory posttraumatic @entity428 : 2 mL/kg 7.5% saline is more effective than 2 mL/kg 20% XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma', 'head-trauma', 'head injury']

answer: @entity2656 :: (MESH:D008353,Chemical) :: ['mannitol']


abstract: A major goal in gene therapy is to develop efficient gene transfer protocols that allow tissue-specific, long-term and tightly regulated expression of the desired transgene. This objective is becoming more attainable through the co-evolution of gene transfer vectors and regulation systems. The ideal vector should efficiently transduce non-dividing cells with minimal @entity137 , thus endowing the system with persistent transgene expression. The helper-dependent adenovirus vectors meet these requirements, as demonstrated in various studies in the literature. The most promising regulation system is the tet-on system, which has low basal transcriptional activity and high inducibility. To explore the regulated transgene expression in the context of a helper-dependent vector, we constructed the @entity2033 -TET-IFN vector, containing the mIFN(alpha) gene under the control of the @entity803 inducible transactivator rtTA2(s)-S2. @entity19 injected with @entity2033 -TET-IFN showed high levels of serum mIFN(alpha) only upon transcriptional activation. The transgene expression was reinducible to the same high level up to 3 months p.i., and the amount of expressed cytokine could be regulated by dosing @entity3403 . Transcriptional activation of mIFN(alpha) induced by @entity3403 resulted in prolonged survival and reduced @entity409 in @entity2033 -TET-IFN-injected @entity19 challenged with a lethal dose of coronavirus. Activation of antiviral genes mediated by @entity3403 -dependent mIFN(alpha) expression was also observed at low @entity2033 -TET-IFN doses. The possibility of controlling gene expression by the combination of @entity2033 vectors and the latest tet-on transactivator also holds promise for studying gene function in other animal models.

title: Regulated and prolonged expression of mIFN(alpha) in immunocompetent XXXX mediated by a helper-dependent adenovirus vector.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of a self-managed single exercise programme versus usual physiotherapy treatment for rotator cuff @entity924 . DESIGN: Multi-centre pragmatic unblinded parallel group randomised controlled trial. SETTING: UK National Health Service. @entity1 : @entity1 with a clinical diagnosis of rotator cuff @entity924 . INTERVENTIONS: The intervention was a programme of self-managed exercise prescribed by a physiotherapist in relation to the most symptomatic shoulder movement. The control group received usual physiotherapy treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was the Shoulder @entity158 _ Disability Index (SPADI) at three months. Secondary outcomes included the SPADI at six and twelve months. RESULTS: A total of 86 @entity1 (self-managed loaded exercise n=42; usual physiotherapy n=44) were randomised. Twenty-six @entity1 were excluded from the analysis because of lack of primary outcome data at the 3 months follow-up, leaving 60 (n=27; n=33) @entity1 for intention to treat analysis. For the primary outcome, the mean SPADI score at three months was 32.4 (SD 20.2) for the self-managed group, and 30.7 (SD 19.7) for the usual physiotherapy treatment group; mean difference adjusted for baseline score: 3.2 (95% Confidence interval -6.0 to +12.4 P = 0.49).By six and twelve months there remained no significant difference between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study does not provide sufficient evidence of superiority of one intervention over the other in the short-, mid- or long-term and hence a self-management programme based around a single exercise appears comparable to usual physiotherapy treatment.

title: A self-managed single exercise programme versus usual physiotherapy treatment for rotator cuff XXXX : A randomised controlled trial (the SELF study).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinopathy']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['tendinopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We report one case of @entity9272 in a female @entity1 presenting with @entity158 over six months. METHODS: Diagnostic work included ultrasound, intravenous urography (IVU) and CT scan. RESULTS: The @entity1 underwent right adenomectomy with the working diagnosis of @entity9272 . We describe the pathology report. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9272 may present @entity1583 . It continues being an incidental finding. Ultrasound and CT scan are effective diagnostic tests. Asymptomatic small @entity5 , smaller than 4 cm, may be monitored with watchful waiting. Symptomatic @entity5 greater than 4 cm should be extirpated because of the risk of @entity1409 with @entity548 . Bilateral adrenalectomy for big @entity5 implies medical replacement with @entity701 .

title: [ XXXX . Case report and bibliographic review].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1409 :: ('MESH:D012422', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous rupture']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic, fat and bone components']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['right lumbar pain']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity9272 :: ('MESH:D018209', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal myelolipoma', 'Myelolipoma']

answer: @entity9272 :: (MESH:D018209,Disease) :: ['Adrenal myelolipoma']


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Plant species used by Venda @entity1 of South Africa in the treatment of @entity311 and associated symptoms were evaluated for their antiplasmodial efficacy as well as cytotoxic properties and some showed significant activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In vitro antiplasmodial activity and cytotoxic properties were evaluated on 20 indigenous plant species. Ground plant material was extracted in @entity1044 : 50% @entity1042 (1:1). Antiplasmodial activity was evaluated against the @entity503 -sensitive strain of @entity3964 (NF54). The @entity137 of the plant extracts were assessed against @entity1 @entity53726 @entity35 skeletal myoblast cells and the selectivity index (SI) calculated. RESULTS: Of the 43 plant extracts evaluated, 10 exhibited pronounced antiplasmodial activity (IC50 <=5 g/ml) with good therapeutic indices (SI>= 10). Lipophilic plant extracts were relatively more potent than polar extracts. Tabernaemontana elegans Stapf. (Apocynaceae) and Vangueria infausta Burch. subsp. infausta (Rubiaceae) extracts displayed significant antiplasmodial activity (IC50<2 g/ml). CONCLUSION: Findings of this study partly support the ethnomedical use of the investigated plant species by Venda people as antimalarial remedies. The study also highlights some of the knowledge gaps that require further phytochemical studies on the specified plant species.

title: In vitro antiplasmodial screening of ethnopharmacologically selected South African plant species used for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'people']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1044 :: ('MESH:D008752', 'Chemical') :: ['dichloromethane']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: Background. Although the safety and efficacy of @entity13366 ( @entity13366 ) with a five-grass pollen tablet have been demonstrated in randomized clinical trials (RCTs), these outcomes must always be evaluated in real-life medical practice. Methods. In a prospective, open-label, noninterventional, "real-life" study in Germany, we evaluated the safety, tolerability, and effectiveness of @entity13366 with a five-grass pollen tablet in adults with grass-pollen-induced @entity56 . Results. 808 adults were enrolled between September 2008 and December 2009. 35.3% of the @entity1 experienced at least one adverse drug reaction (ADR), the most common of which were mild-to-moderate @entity344 . Serious ADRs considered causally related to @entity13366 treatment occurred in four @entity1 . Overall, the five-grass pollen tablet was considered to have good or very good tolerability by most investigators and @entity1 . Treatment was associated with the relief of nasal, ocular, and bronchial symptoms and decreased symptomatic medication use. However, interpretation of clinical improvements was limited by lower atmospheric grass pollen levels during the study season (relative to the preceding season). Conclusions. In a large population of @entity1 treated in real-life medical practice, @entity13366 with a five-grass pollen tablet was safe and well tolerated. The @entity1 -reported symptom relief suggests that @entity13366 was associated with clinical benefits.

title: Sublingual Immunotherapy with a Five-Grass Pollen Tablet in Adult XXXX with Allergic Rhinitis: An Open, Prospective, Noninterventional, Multicenter Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity13366 :: ('MESH:D013362', 'Disease') :: ['SLIT', 'sublingual immunotherapy']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relationship between haemostatic gene polymorphisms and @entity455 remains unclear. Much of the evidence gathered so far has been obtained from small heterogeneous studies, resulting in inconsistencies. This study focuses on the South African Indian population which not only represents the largest Indian population outside the Indian subcontinent, but also constitutes a genetically discrete group in whom a high incidence of @entity301 occurs. MATERIAL/METHODS: We investigated the relationship between polymorphisms in the Factor V (Leiden), prothrombin (20210 GgA) and thrombomodulin ( @entity58605 ) genes in @entity1 with a @entity583 ( @entity583 ) <45 years of age (n=195) and in unaffected siblings (n=107) and unrelated healthy race-matched individuals drawn from the same community (n=300). RESULTS: The @entity5337 mutation was found to occur with a frequency of less than 1%, while the prothrombin 20210 GgA polymorphism was not observed in any of the individuals in this study. In contrast, the variant thrombomodulin Val allele occurred with a frequency similar to that reported in Caucasians. The frequency of this allele in both @entity1 with @entity583 and their siblings was marginally higher than in healthy controls, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. However, in @entity1 who smoked, the thrombomodulin variant allele occurred significantly more frequently than in the non-smoking group (p=0.044). CONCLUSIONS: The Leiden Factor V and prothrombin 20210 GgA polymorphisms have no value in disease association studies in the Indian Asian population. In smokers, the thrombomodulin @entity58605 variant allele emerges as a significant risk factor for @entity301 .

title: Haemostatic gene polymorphisms in young indian asian subjects with acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity58605 :: ('p|SUB|A|455|V', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Ala455Val']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our group previously published data showing that @entity1 could be stratified by constructed molecular subtype with respect to locoregional recurrence (LRR)-free survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and breast-conserving therapy (BCT). That study predated use of trastuzumab for @entity1 @entity1722 ( @entity1722 )-positive @entity1 . The current study was undertaken to determine the impact of subtype and response to therapy in a contemporary cohort. METHODS: Clinicopathologic data from 751 @entity0 @entity1 who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (with trastuzumab if @entity1722 (+)) and BCT from 2005 to 2012 were identified. @entity5282 ( @entity5282 ) and @entity1722 status were used to construct molecular subtypes: @entity5282 (+)/ @entity1722 (-) (n  =  369), @entity5282 (+)/ @entity1722 (+) (n  =  105), @entity5282 (-)/ @entity1722 (+) (n  =  58), and @entity5282 (-)/ @entity1722 (-) (n  =  219). Actuarial rates of LRR were determined by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine factors associated with LRR. RESULTS: The pathologic complete response (pCR) rates by subtype were as follows: 16.5  % ( @entity5282 (+)/ @entity1722 (-)), 45.7  % ( @entity5282 (+)/ @entity1722 (+)), 72.4  % ( @entity5282 (-)/ @entity1722 (+)), and 42.0  % ( @entity5282 (-)/ @entity1722 (-)) (P  <  0.001). Median follow-up was 4.6  years. The 5-year LRR-free survival rate for all @entity1 was 95.4  %. Five-year LRR-free survival rates by subtype were 97.2  % ( @entity5282 (+)/ @entity1722 (-)), 96.1  % ( @entity5282 (+)/ @entity1722 (+)), 94.4  % ( @entity5282 (-)/ @entity1722 (+)), and 93.4  % ( @entity5282 (-)/ @entity1722 (-)) (P  =  0.44). For @entity1 with @entity5282 (-)/ @entity1722 (+) disease, the LRR-free survival rates were 97.4 and 86.7  % for those who did and those who did not experience pCR, respectively. For @entity1 with @entity5282 (-)/ @entity1722 (-) disease, the LRR-free survival rates were 98.6  % (pCR) versus 89.9  % (no pCR). On multivariate analysis, the @entity5282 (-)/ @entity1722 (-) subtype, clinical stage III disease, and failure to experience a pCR were associated with LRR. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 undergoing BCT after neoadjuvant chemotherapy have excellent rates of 5-year LRR-free survival that are affected by molecular subtype and by response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

title: Locoregional Control According to @entity0 Subtype and Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in @entity0 XXXX Undergoing Breast-conserving Therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5282 :: ('3164', 'Gene') :: ['HR', 'Hormone receptor']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1722 :: ('2064', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor 2', 'HER2']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: The use of high energy devices has been suggested for intra-articular surgery. Experimental studies have been performed using the laser and electrocautery. However, clinical application has primarily been with the use of the electrocautery. Electrosurgery is currently being used for lateral retinacular release as well as meniscal surgery. Inadvertent damage to articular cartilage may occur, especially during meniscal resection. The objective of the current study is to assess the effect of the Concept electrocautery with the meniscal cutting electrode on fresh @entity1 articular cartilage. Twenty fresh tibial plateaus removed at the time of total knee arthroplasty were subjected to electrocautery currents ranging from 25 to 82.5 W. The articular cartilage was stained with @entity1710 and @entity1711 . The extent of cartilage @entity39 was quantitated as a percentage of the thickness of the articular cartilage. A dose response curve was developed. The extent of articular cartilage @entity39 with the electrocautery setting of 20 (24.4 W) commonly used for meniscal resection resulted in only an 11.4%-injury to the articular cartilage. At the manufacturer's recommended setting of 24 (27 W), a 16% depth of laceration of the articular cartilage may be anticipated. We conclude that the lowest current setting possible should be utilized for meniscal surgery and the risk of articular cartilage damage from inadvertent injury is not excessive.

title: Effect of electrocautery on fresh XXXX articular cartilage.

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: We present the initial description of a new technique of interstitial breast brachytherapy in which a computer-generated image of an implant template is applied virtually to serial-computed tomography (CT) scan images of a @entity1 's breast. Optimal placement of the virtual template around the CT images of the proposed target volume provides the physician with a preplan for improved positioning of implant needles around the actual target volume intraoperatively. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Since March of 1993, 110 @entity1 with @entity0 were entered onto a protocol of low or high dose rate brachytherapy as the sole radiation modality for part of their breast-conserving therapy. To improve the accuracy and reproducibility of target volume coverage in @entity1 with a closed lumpectomy cavity, 11 of these implants were performed using the virtual brachytherapy technique. The virtual implant procedure was performed by first placing radiopaque skin markers on the breast surface for reference on the CT image and ultimately as intraoperative landmarks for the placement of implant needles. A CT scan of the breast was then performed and the target volume outlined on each CT scan slice by the physician. A virtual image of the brachytherapy template was then positioned around the CT image of the target volume to achieve an idealized implant with optimal coverage. The projected entrance and exit points of all needles on the skin of the breast (from the idealized virtual implant) were then identified (by perspective rendering of multiple 3D views) and hard-copy images taken to the operating room. The implant was then constructed by referencing the virtual implant images (needle entrance and exit points) to the radiopaque skin markers on the breast. After the implant was completed, a CT scan of the breast with the template catheters or needles in position was taken for comparison of the actual target volume coverage with the virtual implant generated preoperatively. RESULTS: Intraoperative ultrasound was used to check the real-time position of the afterloading needles in reference to the chest wall and posterior border of the target volume. No adjustment of needles was required in any of the 11 @entity1 . Assessment of target volume coverage between the virtual implant and the actual CT image of the implant showed excellent agreement. In each case, all target volume boundaries specified by the physician were adequately covered. The total number of implant planes, intertemplate separation, and template orientation were identical between the virtual and real implant. CONCLUSION: We conclude that 3D virtual brachytherapy may offer an improved technique for accurately performing interstitial implants of the breast with a closed lumpectomy cavity in selected @entity1 . Although preliminary results show excellent coverage of the desired target volume, additional @entity1 will be required to establish the reproducibility of this technique and its practical limitations.

title: Implementation of 3D-virtual brachytherapy in the management of XXXX : a description of a new method of interstitial brachytherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['early-stage breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity52030 ( @entity52030 ; acquired bilateral nevus of @entity13687 -like macules) is known for its recalcitrance compared with @entity13687 , and we assume that one of the reasons is a higher rate and degree of @entity2117 ( @entity2117 ) seen after laser treatments. METHODS: Topical bleaching treatment with 0.1% @entity1968 aqueous gel and 5% @entity8156 ointment containing 7% @entity880 was initially performed (4 to 6 weeks) to discharge epidermal melanin. Subsequently, Q-switched ruby (QSR) laser was irradiated to eliminate @entity2118 . Both steps were repeated two to three times until @entity1 satisfaction was obtained (usually at a 2-month interval for laser sessions). This treatment was performed in 19 @entity1 with @entity52030 . Skin biopsy was performed in six cases at baseline, after the bleaching pretreatment, and at the end of treatment. RESULTS: All @entity1 showed good to excellent clearing after two to three sessions of QSR laser treatments. The total treatment period ranged from 3 to 13 (mean of 8.3) months. @entity2117 was observed in 10.5% of the cases. Histologically, epidermal @entity2117 was observed in all specimens and was dramatically improved by the topical bleaching pretreatment. CONCLUSION: QSR laser combined with the topical bleaching pretreatment appeared to treat @entity52030 consistently with a low occurrence rate of @entity2117 and lessen the number of laser sessions and total treatment period and may also be applied to any other lesions with both epidermal and @entity2118 .

title: Combined therapy using Q-switched ruby laser and bleaching treatment with XXXX and @entity8156 for acquired dermal melanocytosis.

entities_list: @entity8156 :: ('MESH:C031927', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroquinone']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['postinflammatory hyperpigmentation', 'hyperpigmentation', 'PIH']

entities_list: @entity52030 :: ('MESH:C535835', 'Disease') :: ['Acquired dermal melanocytosis', 'ADM']

entities_list: @entity13687 :: ('MESH:D009507', 'Disease') :: ['Ota', 'Nevus of Ota']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['dermal pigmentation']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['tretinoin']

answer: @entity1968 :: (MESH:D014212,Chemical) :: ['tretinoin']


abstract: The complete @entity377 sequence of the mitochondrial (mt) DNA molecule of the liverfluke, @entity8072 (phylum Platyhelminthes, class Trematoda, family Fasciolidae), was determined. It comprises 14462 bp, contains 12 protein-encoding, 2 ribosomal and 22 transfer RNA genes, and is the second complete flatworm (and the first trematode) mitochondrial sequence to be described in detail. All of the genes are transcribed from the same strand. Of the genes typically found in mitochondrial genomes of eumetazoans, only atp8 is absent. The nad4L and nad4 genes overlap by 40 nt. Most intergenic sequences are very short. Two larger non-coding regions are present. The longer one (817 nt) is located between trnG and @entity69621 and consists of 8 identical tandem repeats of 85 nt, rich in G and C, followed by 1 imperfect repeat. The shorter non-coding region (187 nt) exhibits no special features and is separated from the longer region by trnG. The gene arrangement resembles that of some other @entity2439 including the eastern Asian @entity380 species (and cyclophyllidean cestode species) but it is strikingly different from that of the African schistosomes, represented by @entity380 . The genetic code is as inferred previously for flatworms. Transfer RNA genes range in length from 58 to 70 nt, their products producing characteristic 'clover leaf' structures, except for tRNA(S(UNC)) and tRNA(S(AGN)) lacking the DHU arm.

title: Complete DNA sequence and gene organization of the mitochondrial genome of the liverfluke, XXXX L. (Platyhelminthes; Trematoda).

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2439 :: ('MESH:D014201', 'Disease') :: ['trematodes']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni', 'Schistosoma']

entities_list: @entity8072 :: ('6192', 'Species') :: ['Fasciola hepatica']

answer: @entity8072 :: (6192,Species) :: ['Fasciola hepatica']


abstract: PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To determine differences in @entity158 characteristics, mood states, and quality of life (QOL) in outpatients with different types of @entity5 (i.e., somatic, visceral, or @entity1109 ) compared to outpatients who were @entity158 -free. DESIGN: Descriptive, comparative. SETTING: Sixteen outpatient facilities that are part of the Oncology Nursing Research Network. SAMPLE: A convenience sample of 129 outpatients who experienced @entity5 and 169 @entity158 -free @entity1 , all of whom were actively being treated for @entity5 . METHODS: All @entity1 completed a demographic questionnaire, the Multidimensional Quality of Life Scale-Cancer, and the Profile of Mood States, @entity1 with @entity158 completed a @entity5 Questionnaire and the McGill Pain Questionnaire. @entity1 ' medical records were reviewed. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Types of @entity5 (i.e., somatic visceral, or @entity1109 ), @entity158 intensity, @entity158 duration, quality of @entity158 , QOL, and mood states. FINDINGS: No differences were found in any @entity158 characteristics or any @entity158 indices from the word descriptors of the McGill Pain Questionnaire. @entity1 with somatic and @entity3825 had significantly higher fatigue scores than @entity158 -free @entity1 . In addition, @entity1 with somatic and @entity3825 had significantly lower physical well-being, nutrition, and total QOL scores and more symptom distress than @entity158 -free @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The type of @entity5 appears to influence the mood states and QOL of outpatients with @entity5 . IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Oncology nurses need fo determine the type of @entity158 the @entity1 is experiencing and the impact of the @entity158 on the @entity1 's mood and QOL.

title: Differences in outcomes among XXXX experiencing different types of @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer Pain', 'cancer-related pain', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3825 :: ('MESH:D059265', 'Disease') :: ['visceral pain']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The aim of the study was to determine the effects of a dopaminergic drug, 2% @entity6309 , on the pupil, intraocular pressure and other ocular and ultrasound biometric variables. Thirty healthy subjects and 15 @entity1 with primary @entity1538 , aged from 40 to 78 years (mean age: 59.2 +/- 11), were included in two prospective open controlled trials. In the first, the mydriatic effect of 2% @entity6309 and its inhibition and reversibility were evaluated in 15 healthy subjects using the alpha1-adrenergic drug, 0.5% @entity24504 . In the second, refraction, visual acuity, pupil diameter, intraocular pressure and 5 A-scan ultrasound biometric variables were evaluated in 15 healthy subjects and in 15 @entity726 @entity1 . As early as forty min after administration of 2% @entity6309 , a marked mydriatic effect (7.3 vs 3.9 mm; P < 0.0001), which was completely inhibited or reversed by 0.5% @entity24504 , was detected. The drug induced no changes in refraction, visual acuity or A-scan ultrasound biometric variables in any of the subjects examined. In healthy subjects, the intraocular pressure values were not changed to a statistically significant extent (13.8 vs 14.8 mm Hg; P = 0.668), whereas a slight, though significant, @entity101 effect (24 vs 22.2 mm Hg; P = 0.002) was observed in the @entity726 @entity1 . The study confirms the intense mydriatic effect of 2% @entity6309 with no changes in refraction, visual acuity or A-scan ultrasound biometric variables. The drug has no effect on intraocular pressure in healthy subjects, but induces a significant @entity101 effect in @entity1 with @entity726 . This characteristic could be used for early diagnosis of primary @entity1538 .

title: Effects of 2% XXXX on pupil, refraction, anterior segment anatomy and intraocular pressure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'initial glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity6309 :: ('MESH:C023487', 'Chemical') :: ['ibopamine']

entities_list: @entity24504 :: ('MESH:C035289', 'Chemical') :: ['dapiprazole']

answer: @entity6309 :: (MESH:C023487,Chemical) :: ['ibopamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of @entity1229 anticoagulation after @entity384 alone for the treatment of @entity3181 ( @entity3181 ) complicated by old inferior vena cava (IVC) @entity715 . METHODS: From January 2008 to November 2013, 19 @entity3181 @entity1 complicated with old IVC @entity715 were treated with @entity384 followed by oral administration of anticoagulant @entity1229 . Follow-up was performed at 1 week, then 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months after @entity384 , and then annually thereafter. IVC patency and morphologic changes of the old @entity715 were examined by ultrasound, and clinical symptoms and signs were determined by clinical examinations during follow-up. RESULTS: Successful @entity384 was achieved in the 19 @entity1 (100%). Inferior vena cavography demonstrated the patency of IVC lumen, and the size of the old @entity715 was not altered. The mean pressure gradient between IVC and the right atrium was reduced from 27.5    3.0 cm @entity2507 (range, 22-35) before treatment to 5.4    1.3 cm @entity2507 (range: 2-7) after treatment (t = 41.6, P < 0.05; 1 cm @entity2507 = 0.098 kPa). @entity1 were followed up as outpatients for an average of 15.9    14.4 months (range, 3-66). Anticoagulation with @entity1229 was well tolerated in all @entity1 after @entity384 alone. Of the 19 @entity1 , complete resolution of the old @entity715 was achieved in 12 @entity1 and partial resolution was achieved in 7 @entity1 . Color Doppler ultrasound showed that 17 @entity1 had IVC lumen patency, and 2 @entity1 had @entity6323 . None of the @entity1 had recurrence of @entity715 , symptomatic @entity1151 , and @entity548 complications throughout the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that @entity1229 anticoagulation after @entity384 alone is a safe and effective therapy for @entity3181 @entity1 with old IVC @entity715 .

title: Clinical outcomes of @entity1229 anticoagulation after XXXX alone for the treatment of @entity3181 complicated by old @entity715 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilation', 'IVC balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity3181 :: ('MESH:D006502', 'Disease') :: ['Budd-Chiari syndrome', 'BCS']

entities_list: @entity6323 :: ('MESH:C563013', 'Disease') :: ['IVC reocclusion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['balloon dilation']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Surgical management of thoracolumbar @entity130 involves correction of @entity85 and placement of transpedicular instrumentation. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to generate first results reflecting the clinical and radiological outcome of @entity1 treated with percutaneous dorsal instrumentation for @entity174 of the thoracic and lumbar spine with the use of a transpedicular new Schanz Screw system (USS Fracture MIS, DePuy Synthes). METHODS: A total of 26 @entity1 with @entity174 of the thoracic and lumbar spine were operatively treated with bi-segmental dorsal instrumentation between January and December 2012. Radiological data acquisition was performed pre- and postoperatively, after six weeks, three, six, and twelve months. The radiological parameter of interest was the bi-segmental kyphotic end plate angle (Cobb angle). The @entity717 ( @entity717 ), the @entity717 Index (ODI), and the Spine Tango Core Outcome Measurement Index (COMI) were applied to investigate the clinical outcome. RESULTS: The clinical follow-up was completed by 22 @entity1 (84.6%), and the radiological follow-up by 21 (80.8%) @entity1 . Our @entity1 population had a mean age of 47.4    4.1 years. Twelve @entity1 received dorsal instrumentation, and 14 @entity1 were treated with an additional ventral reconstruction. Intraoperative reduction was 11.5    1.5   among all @entity1 (p < 0.01). A considerable amount of the operative correction was lost after six weeks with a @entity393 .6    1.4   (p < 0.01). At one year follow-up, the measured loss of reduction was significant in comparison to the postoperative state, 6.9    1.3   among all @entity1 , 8.7    2.1   after dorsal and 4.9    1.1   after dorsoventral stabilisation (all p < 0.01). Moreover, all @entity1 had minimal to moderate disability with a @entity717 of 1.8    0.4 (0 - 7), and an ODI of 15.6    3.6 (0 - 60). CONCLUSION: The new transpedicular Schanz screw system can deliver a correction and stabilization of thoracic and lumbar spine @entity174 . @entity1 report minimal to moderate disability as a result of their severe injury one year after @entity130 . We advocate the use of the transpedicular Schanz screw system to correct posttraumatic @entity85 , with secondary anterior fusion in our treatment strategy of thoracolumbar incomplete @entity174 in @entity1 without a @entity51 .

title: XXXX with a minimal-invasive transpedicular Schanz Screw system: clinical and radiological one-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'burst fractures']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of reduction of 4']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['CDI', 'Chronic Disability Index', 'Oswestry Disability']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['kyphotic deformity', 'posttraumatic deformity']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Spinal fracture reduction']


abstract: The effect of @entity2227 analogues on red-green opponent interaction was electrophysiologically investigated in anesthetized @entity5434 ( @entity5434 ). Two approaches were employed: amplitude measurement and principal component analysis. Electroretinograms were recorded for 23 monochromatic stimuli (400-700 nm) at an equal energy with white light adaptation before and after treatment with the @entity2227 analogues, @entity18845 , @entity69940 , or both. Before treatment, although spectral amplitude curves of the a- and d-waves showed single, broad peaks at about 550 nm, the b-wave curve had three peaks at about 460, 540 and 600 nm, indicating the occurrence of the red-green opponent interaction. Principal component analysis performed on these waveforms extracted three components with short, middle, and long wavelength peaks, well defined characteristics of the red-green opponency. After vitreal injection of @entity18845 , the a- and d-wave amplitudes were enhanced while the b-wave amplitude was almost completely diminished. However, principal component analysis showed basically similar characteristics to those before drug, suggesting that the red-green opponency was not affected. In contrast, after application of @entity69940 , the a- and d-waves were diminished and the b-wave was enhanced as expected, however the enhancement was observed only in the short and middle wavelengths. As a result of this partial enhancement, the b-wave spectral amplitude curve showed only a single peak, unlike in the control. In addition, principal component analysis revealed a quite different result from the control; only two components with short and middle wavelength peaks and the component with long wavelength peak disappeared. Similar two components were also separated after the conjunction of both drugs. These results demonstrate that red-green opponency is greatly inhibited by @entity69940 , and thus suggest that horizontal cells are related to a generation of the red-green opponency through a cone type selective or nonselective negative feedback.

title: Effect of XXXX analogues on red-green opponent interaction in monkey electroretinograms.

entities_list: @entity18845 :: ('MESH:C012729', 'Chemical') :: ['2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['Macaca fascicularis', 'cynomolgus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity69940 :: ('MESH:C029262', 'Chemical') :: ['cis -2,3-piperidine-dicarboxylic acid', 'cis -2,3 piperidine-dicarboxylic acid']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cell-free DNA screen failure or "no calls" occur in 1-12% of samples and is frustrating for both clinician and @entity1 . The rate of no call has been shown to have an inverse relationship with gestational age. Recent studies have shown an increased risk for no calls among @entity28 @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the optimal gestational age for cell-free DNA among @entity28 @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: We performed a retrospective cohort study of @entity1 who underwent cell-free DNA at a single tertiary care center from 2011 through 2016. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for a no call were determined for each weight class and for each weight class compared to normal-weight @entity1 . The predicted probability of a no call with 95% confidence intervals were determined for each week of gestation for normal-weight and @entity28 @entity1 and compared. RESULTS: Among 2385 @entity1 meeting inclusion criteria, 105 (4.4%) had a no call. Compared to normal-weight @entity1 , the adjusted odds ratio of a no call increased with increasing weight class from overweight to @entity28 class III (respectively: adjusted odds ratio, 2.31; 95% confidence interval, 1.21-4.42 to adjusted odds ratio, 8.55; 95% confidence interval, 4.16-17.56). A cut point at 21 weeks was identified for @entity28 class II/III @entity1 at which there is no longer a significant difference in the probability of a no call for @entity28 @entity1 compared to normal-weight @entity1 . From 8-16 weeks, there is a 4.5% reduction in the probability of a no call for  @entity28 class II/III @entity1 (respectively: 14.9%; 95% confidence interval, 8.95-20.78 and 10.4%; 95% confidence interval, 7.20-13.61; Ptrend < .01). CONCLUSION: The cut point of 21 weeks for optimal sampling of cell-free DNA limits reproductive choices. However, a progressive fall in the probability of a no call with advancing gestational age suggests that delaying cell-free DNA for @entity28 @entity1 is a reasonable strategy to reduce the probability of a no call.

title: XXXX and cell-free DNA "no calls": is there an optimal gestational age at time of sampling?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Obesity']


abstract: @entity5 stem cells (CSCs) are defined as a subset of slow cycling and undifferentiated cells that divide asymmetrically to generate highly proliferative, invasive, and chemoresistant @entity5 cells. Therefore, CSCs are an attractive population of cells to target therapeutically. CSCs are predicted to contribute to a number of types of @entity5 including those in the blood, brain, lung, gastrointestinal tract, prostate, and ovary. Isolating and enriching a @entity5 cell population for CSCs will enable researchers to study the properties, genetics, and therapeutic response of CSCs. We generated a protocol that reproducibly enriches for @entity43 CSCs from @entity43 cell lines (SKOV3 and OVCA429). Cell lines are treated with 20   M @entity900 for 3 days. Surviving cells are isolated and cultured in a serum-free stem cell media containing cytokines and growth factors. We demonstrate an enrichment of these purified CSCs by analyzing the isolated cells for known stem cell markers @entity4729 , @entity2440 , and @entity5439 ( @entity5439 ) and cell surface expression of @entity15392 and @entity5439 . The CSCs exhibit increased chemoresistance. This method for isolation of CSCs is a useful tool for studying the role of CSCs in chemoresistance and @entity5 relapse.

title: Enrichment for chemoresistant XXXX stem cells from human cell lines.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine whether maternal reports of @entity1 eating behaviors are stable over time and whether eating behaviors are prospectively associated with @entity1017 . METHODS: In an ongoing study of @entity1 growth, weight and length were measured at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 5 months of age. Food responsiveness (FR), satiety responsiveness (SR), enjoyment of feeding (EF), and @entity1277 ( @entity1277 ) were assessed with the Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to examine changes in eating behaviors from 2 weeks to 5 months. Simple Pearson correlations examined associations among eating behaviors across time and associations of eating behaviors with subsequent change in weight-for-length z-scores. RESULTS: Among 31 @entity1 studied from 2 weeks to 3 months, FR and SR remained consistent (P   <   0.05), and among 21 @entity1 studied from 3 to 5 months, FR, EF, and @entity1277 were consistent (P   <   0.01). @entity1 ate more quickly (P   <   0.01) and tended to have greater SR with age (P   =   0.09). Only @entity1277 at 3 months was associated with subsequent gain in weight-for-length (P   <   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with previous research, @entity1277 was predictive of @entity1017 during infancy. Given that eating behaviors were largely consistent after 3 months of age, it may be important to encourage the development of healthy eating behaviors during early infancy.

title: Prospective associations of eating behaviors with @entity1017 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['SE', 'slow eating']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarise the reported @entity8193 cases associated with @entity2449 from the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) and estimate the incidence of @entity2449 -associated @entity8193 (MALA) in Australia. METHOD: All " @entity8193 " cases associated with @entity2449 and reported to the TGA between January 1971 and October 2014 were included. Data extracted included @entity1 demographics, medical history and co-existing conditions, @entity2449 dosage and relevant pathology results. RESULT: A total of 152 cases of suspected MALA were included in this study. For 20 @entity1 the outcome was unknown. There were 23 @entity1 (n=132, 17.4%) reported as deceased. Plasma @entity880 levels were higher in non-survivors (p=0.02). Thirty-five @entity1 (n=132, 26.5%) were reported to have at least one pre-existing contraindication to the use of @entity2449 ; this proportion was not different between @entity1 who died or survived. @entity8 was the most common contraindication. Approximately 75% of @entity1 were reported to have at least one clinical condition which might cause @entity520 . @entity2449 dosage, plasma @entity880 and serum @entity1011 were not correlated. Based on the cases reported to the TGA, the incidence of MALA in Australia was estimated to be 2.3 (95% CI, 1.5-3.1) cases per 100,000 @entity1 -years between 1997 and 2011. CONCLUSION: Pre-existing clinical conditions, such as @entity8 , and acute illnesses associated with @entity8193 were frequently reported in the cases of MALA. The estimated incidence of MALA was lower than in most previous studies in other countries, probably due to the nature of spontaneous reports to the TGA.

title: Adverse event notifications implicating @entity2449 with XXXX in Australia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal impairment', 'renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity8193 :: ('MESH:D000140', 'Disease') :: ['lactic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['Metformin', 'metformin']

answer: @entity8193 :: (MESH:D000140,Disease) :: ['lactic acidosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The pattern of @entity1486 (PSA) testing in clinical practice is largely unknown; it may be used either in asymptomatic @entity1 or in the work-up of @entity1 with urinary or other symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of PSA testing in clinical practice for @entity1 diagnosed with stage @entity263 in a region with no formal screening programme. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using the Primary @entity263 Register for Northern Sweden, all cases of stage @entity263 diagnosed between 1992 and 1999 in the city of Ume   were identified. The cause of PSA testing was assessed by examining the medical records. @entity1 were categorized as asymptomatic, having lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) or having symptoms other than LUTS. Prospective registration of the cause of PSA testing in the entire region of Northern Sweden started in 2000. RESULTS: We found that in Ume   only 32/213 (15%) cases diagnosed with @entity263 were asymptomatic at the time of PSA testing, 55% of @entity1 had a PSA test as part of a work-up for LUTS and 30% had other symptoms. In 2000, 126 cases of stage @entity263 were diagnosed in the entire region and 20/126 (16%) of these @entity1 were asymptomatic. CONCLUSIONS: PSA testing was mostly used as a tool in the work-up of symptomatic @entity1 in Ume   and also in the region of Northern Sweden. Further studies in other populations are needed.

title: Population-based study of XXXX testing and @entity263 detection in clinical practice in northern Sweden.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['T1c prostate cancer', 'Prostate Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['prostate-specific antigen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study @entity27104 , a progressive, rapid and high mortality condition, caused by @entity356 (GRAGD) and its appropriate diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: The etiology, pathology, clinical manifestations and experiences in 3 @entity1 with GRAGD were reviewed. RESULTS: Case 1: After diagnosing GRAGD and stabilizing her @entity1457 with massive fluid replacement, gastrostomy was performed. Her postoperative course was uneventful because of fasting, suction, fluid infusion, correction of @entity520 and supporting nutrition. Case 2: After diagnosing @entity356 which subsided with conservative therapy for 9 days, she suddenly had @entity27104 when she had not eaten for 6 days. She died of @entity1457 and had no chance for surgery. Case 3: The @entity1 had sudden @entity490 with severe @entity1457 for 4 days. Emergency surgery found @entity27104 and the method was the same as Case 1. The @entity1 survived but has @entity75 . Case 1 and 3 showed multifocal transmural @entity39 . CONCLUSIONS: Symptoms like @entity7298 , bulimia, changes in kind of food, X-ray showing large distended stomach and massive @entity516 were seen after @entity27104 and can help to diagnose this condition. Clinical course of @entity356 with @entity137 progresses rapidly, however subsequent @entity27104 exacerbates the @entity1457 and makes the treatment difficult treatment. It is extremely important that a laparotomy be performed at once after stabilizing @entity1457 with massive fluid replacement. Postoperative nutritional support and fluid replacement will increase survival. It is very important that when @entity356 disappears after conservative therapy, the doctor should assess carefully whether the gastric wall recovery is under way by using effective methods of examination.

title: @entity27104 caused by XXXX in non-neonatal @entity1 : clinical analysis of 3 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic shock']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain impairment']

entities_list: @entity7298 :: ('MESH:D006963', 'Disease') :: ['overeating']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain, distention and vomiting']

entities_list: @entity516 :: ('MESH:D011027', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoperitoneum']

entities_list: @entity27104 :: ('MESH:D013275', 'Disease') :: ['gastric rupture']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric distention', 'acute gastric distention']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['acute gastric distention']


abstract: Subendocardial, nontransmural, or non-Q-wave @entity583 (NQM) carries a serious prognosis. Many previous studies of NQMI include only @entity1 without new Q waves at the time of @entity1188 . Since the site of transmural MI (by Q waves) has implications concerning extent of @entity1002 , we wondered what the extent of @entity301 and @entity1002 is among acute MI @entity1 who have neither new nor old Q waves. Furthermore, we sought to determine whether ST-T wave patterns or resting LV ejection fraction (EF), alone or combined, could separate NQMI @entity1 with significant @entity301 from those with normal or nearly normal coronaries. Therefore, we retrospectively examined angiographic and electrocardiographic data in 55 symptomatic @entity1 with NQMI. ST-T wave patterns on admission were classified as either @entity63 (transient ST elevation, persistent horizontal ST @entity308 , or persistent deep T wave inversion) or nonspecific. Eleven @entity1 (20%) had normal or nearly normal coronaries (N); ten @entity1 (18%) had one, seven @entity1 (13%) had two, and 19 @entity1 (34%) had three vessel @entity301 ; eight @entity1 (15%) had left main (LM) disease. Six of the 11 N @entity1 had ergonovine tests and all six were negative. Segmental LV wall motion abnormalities (WMA) were commonly observed; however, diffuse LVWMA were present only among @entity1 with three vessel and LM disease. EF was below 0.50 in 48% of @entity1 with three vessel or LM disease. Although @entity63 wave patterns were more common (P less than 0.05) among @entity1 with significant @entity301 than among N @entity1 , neither the ST-T wave pattern nor EF, alone or in combination, allowed confident @entity8664 @entity1 from significant @entity301 @entity1 . We conclude 1) A large proportion of NQMI @entity1 have @entity66 , or normal or nearly normal coronaries. 2) Despite the absence of Q waves, @entity1002 is common and the degree of @entity1002 is worse among @entity1 with more extensive @entity301 . 3) NQMI @entity1 who may have normal or nearly normal coronaries cannot be reliably separated from NQMI @entity1 with significant @entity301 on the basis of ST-T wave patterns or resting LVEF. 4) Coronary angiography appears warranted to assess the extent of @entity301 in symptomatic NQMI @entity1 .

title: Electrocardiographic ST-T wave patterns, extent of coronary artery disease, and left ventricular performance following non-Q-wave XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['LM disease, three vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic ST-T', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity8664 :: ('MESH:C536108', 'Disease') :: ['separation of N']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV impairment', 'coronary disease (CAD) and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction', 'LV dysfunction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Half of all bariatric surgical procedures are in @entity1 of childbearing age. Surgery may improve fertility yet exacerbate @entity3147 , that may be disadvantageous to the fetus. A frequently encountered subgroup of @entity28 @entity1 have @entity164 2 @entity6 . The health risks, to both mother and @entity1 , of @entity6 in pregnancy are well described including 4.7* risk of @entity2209 and 2* risk of @entity154 . What is not clear is whether bariatric surgery mitigates or complicates the health consequences of @entity1 with @entity28 and @entity6 in pregnancy. In addition the influence of the @entity164 of surgery, the optimal interval between surgery and conception and evidence based preconception recommendations are unknown. This study complements wider research aiming to inform optimal management of this @entity1 population. Obese @entity6 @entity1 require clear guidance regarding pregnancy planning after surgery. This study will develop an understanding of the barriers and facilitators ( @entity458 , behavioural, attitudinal and nutritional) to achieving effective pre-pregnancy health and care in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 who have undergone metabolic surgery. Currently @entity1 's perception of fertility issues and risks after bariatric surgery is unknown and thus a qualitative interpretive paradigm was chosen. Interviews with the target population will explore decision-making processes; experience regarding metabolic surgery and perceived pregnancy risk. Interviews with a broad range of health professionals involved in bariatric care will include rationale for selected surgical procedure and post surgery referral processes e.g. contraceptive care. This will advance understanding of how to provide targeted support and monitoring.

title: Pregnancy after XXXX surgery (PADOS): Qualitative study of pre-pregnancy care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital abnormality']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['stillbirth']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['nutritional deficiencies']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes obesity']


abstract: This study investigated the safety, effectiveness, and clinical and radiological outcomes of @entity2649 ( @entity2649 ) for recurrent @entity890 (rLDH) following previous lumbar spine surgery. Seventy-three consecutive @entity1 treated for rLDH between June 2005 and May 2012 were included in the study. The previous surgical procedures included percutaneous discectomy, discectomy with laminotomy, discectomy with unilateral laminectomy, and discectomy with bilateral laminectomy. The level of rLDH was L4-L5 in 51 @entity1 , L5-S1 in 19 @entity1 , and L3-L4 in three @entity1 . All @entity1 underwent reoperation using the @entity2649 technique. Outcomes were evaluated using the Oswestry disability index (ODI), visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for @entity1643 and @entity158 , and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, based on the results of physical examinations and questionnaires. The range of motion and disc height index of the operative segment were compared between preoperative and postoperative radiographs. The mean follow-up period was 4.1years. The VAS scores for @entity1643 and @entity158 , ODI, and JOA score improved significantly between the preoperative and final follow-up evaluations. The mean recovery rate of the JOA score was 89.0%. The disc space height and stability at the fused level were significantly improved after surgery. The fusion rate at the final follow-up was 93.2%. There were no major complications. These results indicate that @entity2649 can be considered an effective, reliable, and safe alternative procedure for the treatment of rLDH.

title: Four-year follow-up results of XXXX as revision surgery for recurrent @entity890 after conventional discectomy.

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['TLIF', 'transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar disc herniation']

answer: @entity2649 :: (MESH:C563613,Disease) :: ['transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 274 Background: Hospital readmissions have recently been identified as a benchmark for quality of care. @entity1820 surgeries are complex and associated with higher rates of post-operative complications and hospital readmissions. Identifying factors associated with readmission could allow for strategies to reduce readmissions. METHODS: @entity1 undergoing pancreatic (n=43), esophageal (n=20), gastric (n=14), and rectal (n=22) @entity5 resections were evaluated to assess if initial inpatient post-operative complications predispose @entity1 to hospital readmission within 30 days. @entity1 ' charts were audited by a clinical quality specialist and complications stratified by using the Clavien Classification Schema. Hospital readmission causes were categorized as surgical procedure specific, general @entity260 , @entity11360 , or general medical problem. Data were analyzed using the @entity16043 's Exact test. RESULTS: A total of 99 @entity1 underwent @entity1820 resections (Male:female 56:43, median age 65) between January 2010 and April 2012, and 20% were readmitted within 30 days. Of those readmitted, six had no complications in the initial hospitalization, eight had minor complications, and six had major complications, Table. When examining reasons for readmission, the majority of @entity1 were surgical procedure specific (50%), such as @entity834 or @entity733 . CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate that @entity260 during initial hospitalization did not predict hospital readmissions. Readmissions, however, appear related to surgical specific complications that develop after an uneventful initial hospitalization. The goal of shorter hospitalizations following complex @entity1820 surgery may result in unavoidable readmissions related to delayed presentation of procedure specific complications. [Table: see text].

title: @entity260 as a predictor of 30-day hospital readmission following gastrointestinal XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leaks']

entities_list: @entity11360 :: ('MESH:D005183', 'Disease') :: ['failure to thrive']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer', 'GI tumor', 'GI cancer']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscesses']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The ethnically diverse Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Ethnicity and @entity2516 (CLEERE) Study cohort provides a unique opportunity to explore associations among intraocular pressure (IOP), ethnicity, and @entity2516 while adjusting for potential confounding variables. METHODS: Mixed linear models were used to examine the effect of age, @entity2516 (cycloplegic auto-refraction), ethnicity, sex, and measurement protocol on IOP (Tono-pen) in 3777 @entity1 , aged 6 to 14 years at their first CLEERE visit (1995-2009). @entity1 who became myopic during follow-up were used to examine the relationship between time since @entity1714 onset and IOP. Clinically meaningful differences in IOP were preset at >2 mm Hg. RESULTS: IOP differed among @entity2516 with higher IOP in @entity1 with low/moderate @entity1714 than those with high @entity3467 (differences <1 mm Hg). There was a statistically significant relationship between age and IOP that depended on ethnicity (interaction p < 0.0001) and measurement protocol (interaction p < 0.0001). The relationship between sex and IOP depended on measurement protocol (interaction p = 0.0004). For @entity1 who became myopic during follow-up, the adjusted mean IOP showed a significant decline for only Asian (p = 0.024) and white @entity1 (p = 0.004). As with other statistically significant results, these changes in mean adjusted IOPs from 2 years before to 2 years after @entity1714 onset were <2 mm Hg. CONCLUSIONS: Small but significant differences in IOP by @entity2516 were found in this ethnically diverse cohort of @entity1 . Relationships between IOP and age, ethnicity, sex, and measurement protocol were complicated by significant interactions between these parameters. Longitudinal analysis of @entity1 before and after @entity1714 onset showed changes in IOP over time that varied by ethnicity. Higher IOPs before and at @entity1714 onset were not present in all ethnic groups, with differences before and after onset too small to suggest a role for IOP in the onset of @entity1714 .

title: Intraocular pressure, ethnicity, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopia']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error categories', 'refractive error', 'refractive error category', 'Refractive Error']

answer: @entity2516 :: (MESH:D012030,Disease) :: ['refractive error']


abstract: PURPOSE: To demonstrate the protective effect of @entity15212 ( @entity15212 ) signaling on the cardiovascular system, we conducted this study to show that the @entity17121 analog (lixisenatide) could inhibit @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) development in @entity35 . METHODS: Lixisenatide was injected subcutaneously 7  days after @entity439 preparation. We evaluated reactive @entity26 species (ROS) expression by @entity16203 staining and @entity20821 ( @entity20821 ; the oxidation product of DNA) by immunohistochemical staining. We also analyzed the effect of @entity15212 signaling on the inflammatory response. Histopathological examination was done on day 28, and the @entity1028 dilatation ratio was calculated. RESULTS: On day 14, ROS expression and @entity20821 -positive cells in the @entity439 walls were seen to have been significantly decreased by lixisenatide treatment. Western blot analysis showed decreased @entity2509 expression. There was significantly reduced @entity5 necrosis factor-a mRNA expression in the @entity439 walls and @entity22519 -positive cell infiltration in the @entity439 walls. On day 28, it was evident that the lixisenatide had dramatically reduced @entity439 development in the @entity35 . CONCLUSION: @entity15212 elevation inhibits @entity1028 development in @entity35 through its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Thus, @entity15212 could be a potent pharmacological target for @entity1028 treatment.

title: @entity15212 prevented XXXX development in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity20821 :: ('MESH:C067134', 'Chemical') :: ['8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine', '8-OHdG']

entities_list: @entity16203 :: ('MESH:C067883', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydroethidium']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: Serum @entity6239 (AG) and @entity69925 ( @entity69926 ) concentrations were measured by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) in 24 postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 receiving increasing doses of oral AG. @entity1 received 62.5 mg b.d., 125 mg b.d., 250 mg b.d., and 500 mg b.d. of AG alone, and 500 mg b.d. of AG combined with @entity701 (HC) 20 mg b.d. Dose was increased at monthly intervals. Each dose increment was accompanied by a significant rise in serum AG and @entity69926 levels (P less than 0.05). The addition of HC to the dose of 500 mg b.d. of AG did not alter serum AG or @entity69926 concentrations significantly. Although serum AG and @entity69926 levels appeared to increase linearly with dose, serum @entity69926 increased significantly more slowly, leading to a fall in the @entity69926 :AG ratio during therapy. The @entity69926 :AG ratio appeared to stabilise only after about 6 months of treatment.

title: Observations on the pharmacokinetics of low dose @entity6239 in XXXX with @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity69925 :: ('MESH:C036163', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylaminoglutethimide']

entities_list: @entity6239 :: ('MESH:D000616', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglutethimide']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A 28-year-old @entity1 , gravida 7, para 6, was referred at 21 weeks' gestation to our ultrasound unit because of bilateral fetal lower limb @entity4 diagnosed previously. Ultrasonography showed a constriction ring around both legs, and, with the aid of color Doppler, arterial flow was demonstrated in both legs beneath the constriction ring. Subsequent examinations during the 24th and 28th weeks revealed absence of flow below the constriction ring of the right leg and decreased flow in the left leg. This was followed by the gradual bending, breaking and resorption of the tibia and fibula of the right leg. Between weeks 30 and 34, gradual shrinkage of the remains of the right leg beneath the knee was recorded by serial ultrasonic observations. At the 38th week of gestation, a male @entity1 was born by normal vaginal delivery. Examination at birth revealed amputation of the right leg below the knee, with a denuded end of the stump. There was a partial amputation of the left leg below the knee, with tissue continuity being maintained by the posterior neurovascular bundle, and a posterior strip of skin. The left foot was extremely @entity4 , with an area of @entity39 dorsally. This case afforded us the opportunity of in utero following of natural limb amputation in the @entity2907 .

title: Limb amputation in XXXX : serial ultrasonographic and Doppler observations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity2907 :: ('MESH:D000652', 'Disease') :: ['amniotic band syndrome']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity2907 :: (MESH:D000652,Disease) :: ['amniotic band syndrome']


abstract: Current veterinary standards of biomedical research support include refinements in animal models that are targeted at enhancing humane care and decreasing inter-animal variability. This ultimately results in fewer numbers of animals being used and reduction in animal experimentation through mitigation of waste as well as faster research results. @entity2955 -lesioning of the substantia nigra using a stereotactic frame device is a common procedure and is routinely performed under pentobarbital anaesthesia with monitoring by 8 h workforces. Our programme supports the humane care and use of several protocols involving the unilateral stereotactic-lesioning of @entity35 for the purposes of creating research models of @entity191 . Such procedures are commonly performed as unilateral in order to minimize aphagia and other untoward effects of the lesion. Generally, this procedure is considered minor because it involves a small incision, a cranial burrhole, and penetration of the dura. @entity32 and/or irritation of the ear canal can occur secondarily to the earbar placement procedure. @entity1 @entity1 undergoing similar procedures typically complain of @entity10 from loss of intracranial pressure; which is a transient outcome. Despite the perception of minor insult, we provided aggressive periprocedural care, and our veterinary staff documented weight loss that was often greater than 15% body weight during the first 3 days. The goal of this study was to evaluate refinements to improve this outcome. For humane concerns, and because of the need to begin experimental testing one week following surgery, a goal in the recent past has been to enhance outcome for researchers and animals by refining postoperative support modalities as well as by seeking the best anaesthetic regimen to shorten postoperative deviations from baseline. Analysis of three groups of @entity35 @entity1 lesioned by the same investigative group over the course of refinements made in our programme indicate that an early return of homeostasis was achieved by the use of inhalation anaesthetics as replacements for barbiturates in these models. Comparison with pentobarbital recipients also indicated that homeostasis is achieved earlier when barbiturates are utilized with fluid therapy and analgesics immediately after operative procedures rather than the next morning.

title: Retrospective comparison of XXXX recovery weights using inhalation and injectable anaesthetics, nutritional and fluid supplementation for right unilateral neurosurgical lesioning.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinsonianism']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Hospital autopsy service workers and a matched control group were studied using a battery of genetic monitoring tests performed on samples of blood, semen and urine. The results of the analysis of urine for mutagens are described in this report. The @entity1 in the study were matched with the controls for sex, age and their use of @entity167 , @entity286 and marijuana. Information was collected on general health, usage of medications and any exposure which might affect the outcome of the study. Individuals were sampled three times at approximately two month intervals. Time weighed average exposures to @entity406 in the work areas were estimated at 0.61 to 1.32 ppm. Additionally, studies were carried out which examined various parameters affecting the testing of @entity1 urine samples for mutagenicity. No increase in mutagenicity was seen in the autopsy workers as compared to the control group. One individual who was receiving @entity868 and one control who smoked two packs of cigarettes per day had significantly mutagenic urine. A large proportion of the exposed individuals had toxic urine while only two of the control individuals had similar toxic urine. The material responsible for the @entity137 has been isolated and purified but does not appear to be related to the @entity406 exposure. Studies on the parameters affecting mutagenicity testing of urine with @entity2491 suggest that in the plate incorporation assay, TA100, but not TA98, can be affected by exogenous @entity3793 . Furthermore, with the conditions employed in this study, 3 to 4% of labeled @entity3793 added to urine samples was retained by the XAD-2 and subsequently eluted in the urine concentrate. Urinary @entity3793 levels of unconcentrated samples ranged from 112 to 2614 nmol per ml (mean 994 nmol per ml) and the amount of @entity3793 present correlated with the corresponding increases in @entity3793 revertants with strain TA100.

title: Absence of mutagenicity in the urine of autopsy service workers exposed to XXXX : factors influencing mutagenicity testing of urine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

answer: @entity406 :: (MESH:D005557,Chemical) :: ['formaldehyde']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3329 ( @entity3329 ) is frequently observed in @entity1 with @entity320 undergoing @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) biopsy. Conflicting data regarding the prognostic association of @entity3329 in @entity1600 -negative @entity1 have been reported. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic role of @entity3329 in @entity1 with negative @entity1600 biopsy. METHODS: Retrospective data from 656 @entity320 @entity1 who underwent a @entity1600 biopsy (1991-2012) at six Italian centers were gathered in a multicenter database. @entity3329 was defined as lymphoscintigraphic and intraoperative identification of an @entity1600 in more than one nodal basin. Clinical and pathologic variables were recorded and analyzed for their impact on survival. RESULTS: @entity1600 -negative @entity1 with @entity3329 were at lower risk of @entity320 recurrence [hazard ratio (HR) 0.73, P  =  0.05) and @entity204 (HR 0.68, P  =  0.001) independent of common staging features. Multivariable Cox analyses of disease-free interval (DFI) and @entity66 ( @entity66 ) showed that @entity3329 maintained a favorable role and ulceration an unfavorable role. Histologic regression was independently associated only with DFI. When survival was stratified according to presence of @entity3329 , histologic regression and Breslow thickness <2  mm were associated with improved DFI (5-year DFI: 96.9 vs. 66,1  %, respectively; HR 0.48, P  <  0.001) and @entity66 (5-year @entity66 : 96.7 vs. 71.8  %, respectively; HR 0.52, P  =  0.005) compared to @entity1 without these three favorable parameters. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with negative @entity1600 biopsy results have better prognosis when two or more lymphatic basins are identified and analyzed. Further research is required to investigate the mechanisms behind this evidence.

title: Prognostic Role of Multiple Lymphatic Basin Drainage in Sentinel Lymph Node-Negative @entity320 XXXX : A Multicenter Study from the Italian @entity320 Intergroup.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple lymphatic basin drainage', 'MLBD']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DSS', 'disease-specific survival']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['sentinel lymph node', 'SLN']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma-related death']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'trunk melanoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although viral vector systems are efficient to transfect foreign genes into blood vessels, safety issues remain in relation to @entity1 gene therapy. In this study, we examined the feasibility of a novel nonviral vector system by using high-frequency, low-intensity ultrasound irradiation for transfection into blood vessels. METHODS AND RESULTS: Luciferase plasmid mixed with or without echo contrast microbubble (Optison) was transfected into cultured @entity1 vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and endothelial cells (EC) with the use of ultrasound. Interestingly, luciferase activity was markedly increased in both cell types treated with Optison. We then transfected luciferase plasmid mixed with Optison by means of therapeutic ultrasound into @entity35 artery. Two days after transfection, luciferase activity was significantly higher in carotid artery transfected with luciferase gene with Optison and ultrasound than with plasmid alone. In addition, we transfected an anti-oncogene ( @entity10740 ) plasmid into carotid artery after @entity130 as a model of gene therapy for @entity256 . Two weeks after transfection, the intimal-to-medial area ratio in @entity35 transfected with wild-type @entity10740 plasmid complexed with Optison by means of ultrasound was significantly decreased as compared with control, accompanied by a significant increase in @entity10740 protein. No apparent @entity137 such as @entity32 could be detected in blood vessels transfected with plasmid DNA with ultrasound and Optison. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, we demonstrated that an ultrasound transfection method with Optison enhanced transfection efficiency of naked plasmid DNA into blood vessels without any apparent @entity137 . Transfection of @entity10740 plasmid with the use of this method should be useful for safe clinical gene therapy without a viral vector system.

title: Local delivery of plasmid DNA into XXXX carotid artery using ultrasound.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['balloon injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity1313 are a major cause of @entity5 -related morbidity and mortality. Developing new therapeutics for these @entity5 is difficult, as many of these @entity5 are not easily grown in standard culture conditions. Neurosphere cultures under serum-free conditions and orthotopic xenografts have expanded the range of @entity5 that can be maintained. However, many types of @entity1313 remain difficult to propagate or study. This is particularly true for pediatric @entity1313 such as @entity816 and @entity2946 . This protocol describes a system that allows primary @entity1 @entity1313 to be grown in culture. This quantitative assay can be used to investigate the effect of microenvironment on @entity5 growth, and to test new drug therapies. This protocol describes a system where fluorescently labeled @entity1313 cells are grown on an organotypic brain slice from a juvenile @entity19 . The response of @entity5 cells to drug treatments can be studied in this assay, by analyzing changes in the number of cells on the slice over time. In addition, this system can address the nature of the microenvironment that normally fosters growth of @entity1313 . This @entity1313 organotypic slice co-culture assay provides a propitious system for testing new drugs on @entity1 @entity5 cells within a brain microenvironment.

title: A XXXX /Organotypic Slice Co-culture System for Studying Tumor Microenvironment and Targeted Drug Therapies.

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'Brain tumors', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['pilocytic astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastomas']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['Brain Tumor']


abstract: The study aims to demonstrate the presence of a fibrous or fibromuscular ring structure within the wall of the sacs of @entity169 in @entity1 and its importance in the development of incarceration as a direct cause of this complication. A case series study of 784 @entity1 with unilateral inguinal @entity547 operated on over a period of 9 years (1992-2000) in two teaching hospitals (Mosul, Iraq). All underwent herniotomy. The sacs were examined for the presence of a ring structure, and the excised sacs containing the rings were studied histopathologically. The presence of the @entity547 ( @entity547 ) and its significance in the causation of incarceration was studied. Out of 784 cases, 660 were elective and 124 incarcerated @entity547 . In 56 sacs the @entity547 ( @entity547 ) was present - 36 rings in the elective and 20 rings in the sacs of incarcerated @entity547 . The histopathology of the @entity547 was fibrous or fibromuscular tissue. This ring has its significance in the development of incarceration. @entity547 with the @entity547 are three times more liable to incarceration than those without the ring. Incarcerations of @entity169 in @entity1 are usually caused by the inguinal rings. Another cause for incarceration being studied is a fibrous or fibromuscular ring structure identified within the wall of the hernial sac, causing the incarceration in 5.6% of elective (nonincarcerated) @entity547 and 16% of @entity547 @entity1 . @entity1 with these hernia sac rings are three times more liable to incarceration than others.

title: A constricting ring structure within the wall of the @entity169 in @entity1 and XXXX and its role in the occurrence of incarceration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['incarcerated hernia', 'hernias', 'hernia sac ring', 'HSR', 'Hernias']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Machine perfusion with oxygenated preservation solution can support donor heart metabolism but the preservation solution should contain an oxidizable substrate to improve cellular energetics. We hypothesized that myocardial metabolism can be influenced by exogenous substrates in the preservation solution. METHODS: Eight groups of isolated @entity35 hearts (n = 4/group) were perfused with University of Wisconsin Machine Perfusion Solution containing @entity505 13 ( @entity7352 ) labeled @entity413 (2.5 mM, 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM) or @entity2388 (5 mM, 10 mM, 20 mM, or 40 mM). Hearts were perfused at 0.5 mL/min for 6 h at 8  C, and myocardial @entity26 consumption (MVO(2)) was measured. At end-perfusion, magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed on ventricular extracts to determine the contribution of exogenous, labeled substrate to glycolysis and oxidative metabolism by @entity7352 incorporation into metabolic intermediates. RESULTS: MVO(2) and perfusion conditions did not differ amongst groups. Exogenous @entity413 was metabolized by anaerobic glycolysis and contributed little to oxidative metabolism as measured by @entity7352 incorporation into metabolic intermediates. @entity2388 led to greater @entity880 enrichment via the @entity880 dehydrogenase reaction. Enrichment of @entity6626 ( @entity2974 ) cycle intermediates was also greater in all @entity2388 groups compared with @entity413 -containing groups (P < 0.05). Anaplerosis was increased in all @entity2388 groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The preservation solution substrate composition influences myocardial substrate metabolism during machine perfusion preservation of donor hearts. Exogenous @entity413 is a minor substrate in machine perfused myocardium, is primarily metabolized by glycolysis and does not contribute appreciably to oxidative metabolism. @entity2388 appears more effective in supporting myocardial metabolism. Further experiments examining the influences of substrate modifications on reperfusion function are warranted.

title: XXXX is an ineffective substrate for preservation of machine perfused donor hearts.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity6626 :: ('CHEBI:27093', 'Chemical') :: ['tricarboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['Pyruvate', 'pyruvate']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['Glucose']


abstract: Targeting drugs for delivery and release has the potential to increase the efficacy of treatment. A bifunctional linker, A-Z- @entity69095 Linker was used to create a targeted prodrug, A-Z- @entity69095 310. A-Z- @entity69095 Linker links to a potent chemotherapeutic agent, @entity1311 , via an energy-reversible @entity13507 bond and also binds a targeting agent, the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin). This study demonstrates the effectiveness of a single-treatment use of A-Z- @entity69095 310 in decreasing @entity5 volume and @entity5 cell density of @entity1 @entity1722 -positive @entity1 mammary @entity5 cells implanted in scid @entity19 , compared to treatment with simultaneously administered trastuzumab and @entity1311 and with saline control. After treatment with A-Z- @entity69095 310, some @entity19 received light exposure at 6 h for 5 min adjacent to the @entity5 to cause light-accelerated release of @entity1311 . Changes in @entity5 volume were measured for 28 days following treatment; changes in histology were measured at 31 days. Animals treated with A-Z- @entity69095 310, then light, showed dose-dependent decreases in @entity5 volume and @entity5 cell density which were more rapid and extensive than those seen with A-Z- @entity69095 310 without light or a 10-fold higher concentration of co-administered trastuzumab plus @entity1311 . This suggests that targeted delivery of @entity1311 using A-Z- @entity69095 310 kills @entity5 cells by localized release of @entity1311 at the @entity5 site, which can be accelerated by light treatment. These results indicate that a targeted prodrug therapy containing trastuzumab as the targeting agent and A-Z- @entity69095 - @entity1311 as the prodrug results in a conjugate that is more effective in killing @entity5 cells than equivalent concentrations of co-administered trastuzumab and @entity1311 . Targeting of a drug can reduce the dose needed for effective therapy and can increase local bioavailability. This makes targeted therapy using an A-Z- @entity69095 prodrug delivery system feasible for treating both primary and @entity3 .

title: Targeted prodrug treatment of XXXX -positive breast tumor cells using trastuzumab and @entity1311 linked by A-Z- @entity69095 Linker.

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['HER-2']