abstract: Maintenance of homeostasis of inner ear fluids and biochemical integrity of inner ear tissue are essential for proper functioning of the auditory and vestibular end organs. Although various regulatory mechanisms exist in a different portion of the labyrinth, the inner ear is known to respond to systemic challenges. The association of @entity9303 with an imbalance of inner ear fluid homeostasis has been hypothesized for the past century. Among many factors, the effects of hormonal imbalance on inner ear fluid composition and inner ear function have however scarcely been studied. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the autonomic nervous system and inner ear function and possible mechanisms of functional disturbances in an experimental condition. An infusion of supraphysiologic amounts of @entity1425 , a stress related hormone, resulted in an elevation of osmolality in serum and perilymph. Furthermore, the infusion of @entity1425 resulted in elevation of threshold, prolongation of latency, and @entity308 of amplitude in the compound action potential of the auditory nerve. These findings were most marked at high frequencies. We hypothesized that the @entity1425 -induced @entity393 was brought about by an increase in perilymphatic osmolality, as well as by the ionic imbalance caused by the osmotic gradient. Since emotional stress has been implicated as a mechanism of inducing a @entity9303 , evaluation of the relationship between the autonomic system and cochlear function may contribute to the understanding of possible mechanisms of @entity389 caused by hormonal imbalances.

title: Pathophysiology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity9303 :: ('MESH:D008575', 'Disease') :: ["Meniere's attack", "Meniere's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity389 :: ('MESH:D007759', 'Disease') :: ['inner ear dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity389 :: (MESH:D007759,Disease) :: ['inner ear fluid imbalance']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to describe analgesia utilization before and during the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) visit and assess factors associated with analgesia use in pediatric @entity1 with isolated @entity174 . METHODS: This retrospective cohort study of @entity1 aged 0 to 15 years with a diagnosis of an isolated @entity174 was conducted at a single, level I pediatric @entity130 center. @entity1 included were treated in the @entity341 within 12 hours of @entity130 and subsequently admitted to the hospital from January 2005 through August 2007. @entity158 medication received within the first hour after @entity341 arrival was categorized based on prespecified standard doses as follows: adequate, inadequate, and no @entity158 medication received. Cumulative logistic regression analysis assessed factors associated with analgesia use. RESULTS: There were 773 @entity1 with isolated @entity174 included in the analysis. Overall, 10% of @entity1 received adequate @entity158 medicine; 31% received inadequate medicine; and 59% received no @entity158 medicine within 1 hour of @entity341 arrival. In multivariable analysis, @entity1 with younger age, longer time from @entity130 arrival, closed @entity174 , and @entity174 were less likely to receive adequate @entity158 medicine during the @entity341 visit. Of those transported by emergency medical services directly from the scene to the @entity341 , 9 (10%) of 88 were given @entity158 medication during transport. CONCLUSIONS: @entity158 management in pediatric @entity1 following a @entity130 has been recognized as an important component of care. This study suggests that alleviation of @entity158 after @entity130 requires further attention in both the prehospital and @entity341 settings, especially among the youngest @entity1 .

title: Analgesic administration in the @entity341 for @entity1 requiring hospitalization for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'upper-extremity fractures', 'long-bone fractures', 'long-bone fracture']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury to ED', 'traumatic injury', 'trauma', 'injury']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['long-bone fracture']


abstract: Palliative operations for various bone @entity3 are being performed more frequently than before with the improvement of surgical technique and the development of new instruments. However, anesthesia in advanced @entity5 @entity1 who are under palliative care accompanies inherent risks which are uncommon in general orthopaedic populations. Thus, we made a retrospective analysis of the medical records of 59 @entity1 scheduled for palliative operation against metastatic @entity79 during the last 4 years. The survey revealed 5 cases of perioperative lethal events. Two of them died preoperatively from the @entity1578 and unexpected @entity12464 . An intraoperative @entity1167 secondary to @entity1151 occurred in a @entity1 during intramedullary nailing. There was a @entity1 who developed @entity5642 and @entity810 after posterior fixation of the lumbar vertebrae. The remaining one @entity1 with superior vena cava syndrome developed life-threatening @entity1224 during general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation. We conclude that the exact evaluation of the @entity1 's condition and the careful management of vital organ functions are mandatory during the perioperative period. In this regard, the anesthesiologists should be involved not only in the intraoperative anesthetic management but also in the perioperative care of the @entity1 with bone @entity3 .

title: [The risk of palliative operation for bone XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12464 :: ('MESH:D009360', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral tumor embolism']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['disseminated intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: Optical flow cell reflectometry was used to study the adsorption of @entity4280 ( @entity12468 ) to a @entity3440 surface and the subsequent surfactant adsorption and polymer desorption upon exposure to the anionic surfactant @entity3208 ( @entity214 ). We have studied these effects as a function of pH and surfactant concentration, but also for two different methods of @entity3440 preparation, O2 plasma and piranha cleaning. As a function of pH, a plateau in the amount adsorbed of    0.6 mg/m(2) is observed below a critical pH, above which the adsorption decreases to zero within 2-3 pH units. An increase in pH leads to dissociation of surface @entity2145 groups and a decreased potential for @entity3884 bonding between the polymer and surface. For the plasma- and piranha-cleaned @entity3440 , the critical pH differs by 1-2 pH units, a reflection of the much larger amount of surface @entity2145 groups on piranha-cleaned @entity3440 (for a given pH). Subsequent rinsing of the adsorbed layer of @entity12468 with an @entity214 solution leads to total or partial desorption of the @entity12468 layer. Any remaining adsorbed @entity12468 then acts as an adsorption site for @entity214 . A large difference between plasma- and piranha-cleaned @entity3440 is observed, with the @entity12468 layer adsorbed to plasma-cleaned @entity3440 being much more susceptible to desorption by @entity214 . For a plasma-cleaned surface at pH 5.5, only 30% of the originally adsorbed @entity12468 is remaining, while for piranha-cleaned @entity3440 , the pH can be increased to 10 before a similar reduction in the amount of adsorbed @entity12468 is seen. For a given pH, piranha-cleaned @entity3440 has a higher surface charge, leading to a smaller amount of adsorbed @entity214 per @entity12468 chain on a piranha-cleaned surface compared to a plasma-cleaned surface under identical conditions. In that way, the high negative surface charge makes desorption by negatively charged @entity214 more difficult. The high surface charge thus protects the neutral polymer from surfactant-mediated desorption.

title: Adsorption and surfactant-mediated desorption of XXXX on plasma- and piranha-cleaned @entity3440 surfaces.

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity4280 :: ('MESH:D011205', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(vinylpyrrolidone)']

answer: @entity4280 :: (MESH:D011205,Chemical) :: ['poly(vinylpyrrolidone)']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Topical @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) has been used to treat @entity2517 for decades. It has been an important and effective treatment which the @entity1 can self-administer, but is limited by the surface area of skin to be treated (according to the manufacturer's guidelines) of 500  cm(2). Other topical treatments can be @entity158 , or require hospital/health care professional input. The use of @entity1487 under occlusion (chemowraps) for large areas of sun-damaged skin on the arms or legs has been described and is a potentially useful treatment option. We describe our experiences with this technique in the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital Dermatology Department (Norwich, UK). METHODS: Five @entity1 were recruited into this pilot study. Topical @entity1487 was applied to sun-damaged limbs under occlusion, and reviewed weekly for response, and local or systemic side effects. Treatment duration was 12-14  weeks. Clinical photography was undertaken prior to, during, and after treatment to document response. RESULTS: We show that there was substantial clinical improvement in the treated skin in our @entity1 . Experienced dermatologists reviewed all the @entity1 , and documented the changes photographically, and by counting lesions. All @entity1 were satisfied with their treatment regimen, and also with the end result; although two did not complete the treatment regimen due to complications not directly attributable to the treatment. CONCLUSION: Topical @entity1487 under occlusion (chemowraps) may be a valid treatment option for large areas of sun-damaged skin with field cancerization changes, due to low systemic and local @entity137 , and acceptability to @entity1 .

title: XXXX "Chemowraps" in the Treatment of Multiple Actinic Keratoses: A Norwich Experience.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2517 :: ('MESH:D055623', 'Disease') :: ['actinic keratosis']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-Fluorouracil']


abstract: The association of kefir microbiota was observed by electron microscopic examination. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observations revealed that kefir grain surface is very rough and the inner portions had scattered irregular holes on its surface. The interior of the grain comprised fibrillar materials which were interpreted as protein, lipid and a soluble polysaccharide, the kefiran complex that surrounds @entity375 and bacteria in the grain. @entity375 was observed more clearly than bacteria on the outer portion of the grain. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) observations of kefir revealed that the grain comprised a mixed culture of @entity375 and bacteria growing in close association with each other. Microbiota is dominated by budded and long-flattened @entity375 cells growing together with lactobacilli and lactococci bacteria. Bacterial cells with rounded ends were also observed in this mixed culture. Kefir grains, kefir suspensions, and kefiran were tested for antimicrobial activities against several bacterial and fungal species. The highest activity was obtained against @entity797 KR6 and @entity12069 CZ1. Growth of @entity11792 AH3 producing for @entity4078 for 10 days in broth medium supplemented with varying concentrations of kefir filtrate (%, v/v) showed that sporulation was completely inhibited at the higher concentrations of kefir filtrate (7-10%, v/v). The average values of both mycelial dry weights and @entity4078 were completely inhibited at 10% (v/v). This is the first in vitro study about the antifungal characteristics of kefir against filamentous fungi which was manifested by applying its inhibitory effect on the productivity of @entity4078 by A. flavus AH3.

title: Milk kefir: ultrastructure, antimicrobial activity and efficacy on @entity4078 production by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11792 :: ('5059', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus flavus']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus faecalis']

entities_list: @entity12069 :: ('5518', 'Species') :: ['Fusarium graminearum']

entities_list: @entity4078 :: ('MESH:D016604', 'Chemical') :: ['aflatoxin B1']

answer: @entity11792 :: (5059,Species) :: ['Aspergillus flavus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Isolated @entity4798 in the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) territory is rare, and its etiology has not yet been fully elucidated. Thus, we aimed to determine the etiologic and clinical characteristics of @entity1 with isolated ACA territory @entity1188 due to @entity4066 . METHODS: Of 2315 @entity1 with @entity385 admitted to our hospital between April 2007 and September 2013, 34 @entity1 (1.5%; 28 @entity1 , 6 @entity1 ; mean age, 65      15  years) suffered isolated ACA territory @entity1188 . We performed cranial magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR angiography for all the @entity1 . Whenever possible, we also performed 3-dimensional computed tomography angiography, digital subtraction angiography, and MR cisternography to diagnose the @entity64 subtype. RESULTS: The @entity64 subtypes of the 34 @entity1 with isolated ACA territory @entity1188 were @entity1188 , @entity1188 , @entity4066 , and unclassified in 11 @entity1 (32%), 11 @entity1 (32%), 11 @entity1 (32%), and 1 @entity1 (3%), respectively. The mean ages at onset were 48      9 and 72      11  years in the dissection and nondissection groups, respectively (P  <  .001). Headaches were present at onset in 4 @entity1 (36%) and 1 @entity1 (4%) with and without dissection, respectively (P  =  .026). Blood pressure at onset was significantly higher among @entity1 with dissection (systolic, 179      34 mm Hg; diastolic, 102      17 mm Hg) than among @entity1 without dissection (systolic, 155      30 mm Hg; diastolic, 86      21 mm Hg; P  <  .05), and d-dimer values were significantly lower among @entity1 with dissection (P  =  .034). Favorable clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale score, 0-2) at discharge was achieved in 9 @entity1 (82%) and 10 @entity1 (43%) with and without dissection, respectively (P  =  .035). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with isolated ACA territory @entity1188 demonstrated a relatively high frequency of dissection (32%). @entity1 with dissection were younger, had a higher frequency of @entity10 , and demonstrated more favorable prognoses than @entity1 without dissection.

title: Research Article: Clinical Characteristics of Isolated Anterior Cerebral Artery Territory Infarction due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['atherothrombotic infarction', 'cardioembolic infarction', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity4066 :: ('MESH:D020217', 'Disease') :: ['arterial dissection']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['acute cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity4066 :: (MESH:D020217,Disease) :: ['Arterial Dissection']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy and safety of @entity21780 (EO) as a sclerosing agent, vs. absolute @entity1068 (AE), in the treatment of symptomatic simple @entity8 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Between November 2009 and October 2012, 46 @entity1 were prospectively randomised into two groups. All @entity1 presented with a simple @entity8 underwent ultrasonographic aspiration and injection of a sclerosing agent. In group 1, 25 @entity1 had the cyst injected with EO, and in group 2, 21 were treated with AE. One injection was used in cysts of <200  mL and two injections were used in larger cysts. Complete and partial success were defined as complete cyst ablation or a >50% reduction in cyst volume with symptomatic relief, respectively. @entity1 were followed up using semi-annual ultrasonography and computed tomography for 2  years. RESULTS: Sclerotherapy was technically successful in all @entity1 . There was no significant difference in cyst volume between the groups. After    2 years of follow-up there was complete symptomatic relief in both groups, and the overall radiological success rate was 100% of both groups, at 79% complete and 21% partial in group 1, and 83% complete and 17% partial in group 2. The frequency of transient complications in the form of microscopic haematuria was 7% and 13%, and of low-grade fever in 4% and 10% in groups 1 and 2, respectively. CONCLUSION: EO can replace AE as a sclerosing agent for symptomatic simple @entity8 , as it has comparable efficacy with higher safety and tolerance.

title: XXXX vs. absolute @entity1068 as sclerosing agents for treating symptomatic simple @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal cyst', 'renal cysts']

entities_list: @entity21780 :: ('MESH:C033343', 'Chemical') :: ['ethanolamine oleate']

answer: @entity21780 :: (MESH:C033343,Chemical) :: ['Ethanolamine oleate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A large proportion of @entity1 with @entity735 movement @entity146 (iRBD) develop a synucleinopathy, mostly @entity191 , @entity303 with @entity1832 , and @entity9576 . Therefore, identifying markers of @entity179 in iRBD could have major implications. We aimed to assess the usefulness of electroencephalography (EEG) spectral analysis performed during wakefulness for predicting the development of a @entity179 in iRBD. Fifty-four iRBD @entity1 , 28 of whom developed @entity191 , @entity9576 , or @entity303 with @entity1832 (mean follow-up: 3.5  years), and 30 healthy controls underwent at baseline a resting-state waking EEG recording, neurological exam, and neuropsychological assessment. Absolute and relative spectral powers were analyzed for 5 frequency bands in frontal, central, parietal, temporal, and occipital regions. The slow-to-fast [(    +   )/(b1  + b2)] power ratio for each of the 5 cortical regions and the dominant occipital frequency were calculated as an index of @entity73 . @entity1 who developed disease showed higher absolute delta and theta power in all 5 cortical regions compared to disease-free @entity1 and controls. The slow-to-fast power ratio was higher in all regions in @entity1 who developed disease than in the 2 other groups. Moreover, @entity1 who developed disease had a slower dominant occipital frequency compared to controls. The only significant difference observed between disease-free iRBD @entity1 and controls was higher absolute delta power in frontal and occipital regions in iRBD @entity1 . Specific EEG abnormalities were identified during wakefulness in iRBD @entity1 who later developed a synucleinopathy. EEG slowing is a promising marker of @entity179 in iRBD @entity1 .

title: Electroencephalogram slowing predicts @entity179 in XXXX movement @entity146 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sleep behavior disorder']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cortical slowing']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity9576 :: ('MESH:D019578', 'Disease') :: ['multiple system atrophy']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic rapid eye']

entities_list: @entity1832 :: ('MESH:D020961', 'Disease') :: ['Lewy bodies']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration', 'neurodegenerative disease']

answer: @entity735 :: (MESH:D005124,Disease) :: ['rapid eye']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Adipose tissue expansion has been associated with system-wide metabolic dysfunction and increased vulnerability to @entity6 , @entity5 , and @entity65 .  A reduction in adiposity is a hallmark of caloric restriction (CR), an intervention that extends longevity and delays the onset of these same age-related conditions. Despite these parallels, the role of adipose tissue in coordinating the metabolism of @entity1240 is poorly defined. Here, we show that adipose tissue metabolism and secretory profiles change with age and are responsive to CR. We conducted a cross-sectional study of CR in adult, late-middle-aged, and advanced-aged @entity19 . @entity1386 and the relationship between adiposity and circulating levels of the adipose-derived peptide hormone @entity30206 were age-sensitive. CR impacted adiposity but only levels of the high molecular weight isoform of @entity30206 responded to CR. Activators of metabolism including @entity7111 , @entity14075 , and @entity69295 were differentially expressed with CR in adipose tissues. Although age had a significant impact on @entity2125 metabolism, as detected by biochemical assay and multiphoton imaging, the impact of CR was subtle and related to differences in reliance on oxidative metabolism. The impact of age on circulating lipids was limited to composition of circulating phospholipids. In contrast, the impact of CR was detected in all lipid classes regardless of age, suggesting a profound difference in lipid metabolism. These data demonstrate that aspects of adipose tissue metabolism are life phase specific and that CR is associated with a distinct metabolic state, suggesting that adipose tissue signaling presents a suitable target for interventions to delay @entity1240 .

title: Aging and caloric restriction impact adipose tissue, XXXX , and circulating lipids.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['Adiposity']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity30206 :: (11450(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['adiponectin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Small cell @entity43 , hypercalcemic type is a very rare aggressive @entity5 of unknown histogenesis, affecting mainly @entity1 and young @entity1 . Recently, inactivating mutations in @entity23423 ( @entity23423 ), a member of the switch/ @entity969 nonfermenting chromatin remodeling complex, has been identified as driver events in most cases. We herein describe 3 cases in 34, 34, and 37-year-old @entity1 . Symptoms were mainly abdominal pain and mass. One @entity1 was normocalcemic, and the other 2 had no preoperative serum @entity460 values available. All @entity1 received radical hysterectomy with salpingo-oophorectomy, lymphadenectomy, and variable multimodality therapy. Two developed abdominal recurrences/ @entity3 and died of disease at 4 and 12 months. One @entity1 was alive without disease 17 months after surgery and radiochemotherapy. Histologic examination showed undifferentiated @entity5 composed of diffuse sheets, nests and cords of noncohesive monomorphic small blue/basaloid cells (classic variant, 1 case), and large undifferentiated/rhabdoid cells with abundant cytoplasm (large cell/rhabdoid variant, 2 case) admixed with minor small cell areas. One case contained rare isolated goblet cells, but true glandular component was absent. All @entity5 expressed vimentin and variably pancytokeratin and @entity8587 . Nuclear @entity6195 was intact in all cases (1 case showed small foci with mosaic loss). All @entity5 showed complete loss of @entity23423 . In conclusion, @entity23423 immunohistochemistry represents a highly valuable emerging tool in identifying small cell @entity43 , hypercalcemic type in routine practice. Distinguishing this aggressive @entity5 from @entity722 and other undifferentiated @entity43 is mandatory in selecting appropriate chemotherapeutic regimens and would allow better characterization of this entity, for which targeted molecular therapy still remains to be established.

title: XXXX -deficient undifferentiated @entity43 (small cell carcinoma, hypercalcemic type): clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 3 cases.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancers', 'carcinoma of the ovary']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity722 :: ('MESH:D006106', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile granulosa cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'neoplasms', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity23423 :: (6597,Gene) :: ['SMARCA4']


abstract: Strabismus caused by @entity2694 can be the result of localized acute soft tissue swelling or may follow @entity8924 , partial or complete loss of extraocular muscle (EOM) and/or @entity129 , or damage to surrounding tissues causing mechanical restriction. The strabismus is frequently incomitant and can be difficult, if not impossible to completely correct. The resulting @entity892 can affect the individual's ability to function at work, in sports and in common tasks of daily living like driving. The preoperative evaluation should include an assessment of the degree of limitation, muscle function and the condition of the surrounding tissue. In most cases, high resolution computed tomography and/or surface coil dynamic magnetic resonance imaging are required to determine the extent and nature of suspected bony or EOM injury, as well as muscle contractility. If the scan reveals an intact but paretic muscle or only minor @entity121 , surgical intervention is based on the degree of muscle recovery 6 months after the initial insult. If a rectus muscle has been lacerated, and the proximal stump is functional, retrieval should be attempted, either by a direct conjunctival approach if located anteriorly, or by an anterior medial orbitotomy if located deep in the orbit. If a damaged muscle cannot be found, recovered or repaired at any time, then muscle transposition should be considered. If multiple muscles are damaged or scar tissue is excessive, a tether procedure may be indicated. This paper will present an approach to some aspects of strabismus in this setting.

title: An Approach to Some Aspects of Strabismus from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve function']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['ocular or orbital trauma']

entities_list: @entity8924 :: ('MESH:D009917', 'Disease') :: ['orbital fractures']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle injury']

answer: @entity2694 :: (MESH:D009916,Disease) :: ['Ocular and Orbital Trauma']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: We identify characteristics of @entity1 with @entity955 or @entity5069 associated with favorable assessments of @entity341 ( @entity341 ) effectiveness and 30-day quality of life. METHODS: As part of a prospective observational study of @entity341 management and short-term outcomes of @entity1 with nonvalvular @entity955 or @entity5069 , we adapted a disease-specific quality-of-life instrument. By telephone, we administered the @entity955 Effect on Quality-of-life survey to @entity1 30 days after an @entity341 visit in which they were treated for newly diagnosed or recent-onset @entity955 or @entity5069 and discharged home. We also asked respondents to rate the effectiveness of @entity341 treatment. Using data prospectively collected in the @entity341 and extracted from electronic health records, we recorded rhythm management (cardioversion attempts and type) and @entity1 and @entity341 treatment characteristics. Using multivariable regression, we examined the association between these characteristics and @entity1 -reported effectiveness of @entity341 treatment ("very effective" or not) and any @entity955 or @entity5069 quality-of-life effect. RESULTS: Six hundred fifty-two eligible @entity341 @entity1 (response rate 89%) treated between May 2011 and November 2012 completed follow-up. Of these @entity1 , 454 (69.6%) reported that their @entity341 treatment was "very effective" and 113 (17.3%) reported no quality-of-life influence. In multivariable analyses, there was an association between @entity341 electrocardioversion and perceived @entity341 effectiveness (P<.05) but none between treatment strategy and 30-day @entity955 or @entity5069 quality-of-life score. Respondents who were younger, @entity1 , and had worse pre- @entity341 self-reported health (P<.05) were more likely to report a quality-of-life effect. CONCLUSION: In this observational study, @entity341 rhythm management strategy was associated with greater perceived effectiveness of the @entity341 visit but not with a difference in 30-day quality-of-life score.

title: Emergency Department Management of @entity955 and Flutter and XXXX Quality of Life at One Month Postvisit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial Fibrillation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: With the increased investigation of cerebral arteries using magnetic resonance angiography in the general population, the detection of unruptured @entity438 (UIAs) has increased. Understanding the distribution and factors associated with UIAs might be helpful for understanding the pathomechanism. METHODS: Subjects who underwent magnetic resonance angiography with a health examination at the Health Screening and Promotion Center were enrolled. The incidence and risk factors of UIAs (age, sex, @entity101 , @entity6 , smoking, @entity285 , and @entity453 ) were investigated by comparing @entity1 with and without UIAs. These risk factors were also investigated by the UIA location, distal internal carotid artery, anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery (MCA), MCA bifurcation, anterior and posterior communicating artery, and posterior circulation. RESULTS: Among 187 166 subjects who received health examination, 18 954 underwent magnetic resonance angiography. Of them, 367 (1.93%) had UIAs. Age (odds ratio [OR], 1.02; P=0.003), @entity1 (OR, 2.00; P<0.001), @entity101 (OR, 2.21; P<0.001), smoking (OR, 1.66; P=0.001), and @entity453 (OR, 0.23; P<0.001) were independently associated with the presence of UIAs. @entity101 was associated with most UIAs, except for those located at sidewalls (anterior cerebral artery and MCA). MCA @entity439 were associated with old age and smoking. Distal internal carotid artery, posterior communicating artery, and MCA-bifurcation @entity439 were associated with female sex. Anterior communicating artery @entity439 were associated with smoking and @entity285 . Posterior circulation UIAs were only associated with @entity101 . @entity453 was negatively associated with anterior circulation @entity439 . CONCLUSIONS: The risk factors for UIAs differ by their location, compared with the control. Interestingly, the presence of @entity453 was protective against the presence of UIAs.

title: Risk Factors Associated With the Presence of Unruptured XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary artery disease', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['Intracranial Aneurysms']


abstract: Between 1982 and 1995 116 @entity1 underwent operations because of NC of the liver, 18 of them were operated on by laparoscopic way. There were 94 male (mean age: 51.9 years) and 66 female (mean age: 54.6 years) @entity1 . The mean size of the cysts were 57.4 mm in diameter (20-140 mm), In 94 cases they were solitary and in 11 they were multiple. In 31 cases we performed an enucleation, in 60 cases a fenestration and in one case a punction of the cysts. A liver resection had to be carried out in two cases. In 18 cases the fenestration of the cysts was performed by laparoscopy and in 10 cases cholecystectomy was simultaneously carried out. The most common complications were @entity221 and wound suppuration. There was no mortality. Another 26 @entity1 with NC have been treated with ultrasound guided puntion of the @entity96 . The cysts were solitary in twenty-three cases and multiple in three other cases. The number of the cysts were thirty-two. One case had to be operated on because of recurrence of the cyst. Mortality could not be observed. In the laparotomized group the average time of the hospitalisation was 14.3 days, and among the @entity1 who were operated on by laparoscopic way 7.0 days. An intervention is indicated only in case of severe complaints or the growing of the lesion. Recently we prefer the ultrasound guided punction or the fenestration of the @entity96 by means of the laparoscopic way.

title: Laparoscopic deroofing of nonparasitic XXXX . Comparison different methods.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cysts']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver cysts']


abstract: We present the statistics for mortality in Navarre for the 1995-2004 period by sex, age and cause of @entity204 . METHODS: The data proceeds from the statistical bulletins on @entity204 . The 1995-1999 period is compared with the 2000-2004 period, using adjusted rates to the population of Navarre for the year 2001 and the rate of potential years of life lost between 0-70 years adjusted to the European population. RESULTS: Life expectancy at birth in the 2000-2004 period was 77.9 years in @entity1 and 85 years in @entity1 , the latter being one of the highest registered at the world level. @entity1 mortality fell to 3.3 per 1,000 living newborn @entity1 . The risk of @entity204 has fallen in practically all age groups, with a notable fall in mortality of 40% in the 25-34 group at the cost of @entity791 . There has been a significant increase of mortality due to @entity2 amongst @entity1 under 65 years of age (46%) in the 2000-2004 period with respect to the previous five year period and a sharp fall in mortality due to @entity0 (45.4%). In both sexes there has been a continued fall of mortality due to @entity66 , @entity299 , @entity712 and @entity4288 and of mortality due to @entity1066 and @entity82 . The rates of mortality in Navarre in all the main groups of causes are lower than those of Europe, except for the rate of mortality due to external causes. CONCLUSIONS: The increase of mortality due to @entity2 and other @entity5 related to smoking, due to the spread of consumption in recent decades, could have a negative influence on the life expectancy of @entity1 in Navarre in coming years. The prevention of mortality due to external causes and the prevention of @entity204 linked to @entity286 consumption are the two priorities that emerge from the data on mortality in this autonomous community.

title: [Recent trends of the main causes of XXXX in Navarre. 1995-2004].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Infant', 'infants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart diseases']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'death']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) inactivating mutations are present in most @entity1 @entity14 . The @entity1412 protein regulates the b-catenin protein pool that functions as a co-activator of T cell factor (TCF)-regulated transcription in Wnt pathway signaling. We studied effects of reduced dosage of the @entity12401 gene encoding b-catenin in Apc-mutation-induced colon and ovarian @entity19 tumorigenesis and cell culture models. Concurrent somatic inactivation of one @entity12401 allele, dramatically inhibited Apc mutation-induced @entity1412 and greatly extended Apc-mutant @entity19 survival. @entity12401 hemizygous dose markedly inhibited increases in b-catenin levels in the cytoplasm and nucleus following Apc inactivation in colon epithelium, with attenuated expression of key b-catenin/TCF-regulated target genes, including those encoding the EphB2/B3 receptors, the stem cell marker @entity42804 , and @entity18122 , leading to maintenance of crypt compartmentalization and restriction of stem and proliferating cells to the crypt base. A critical threshold for b-catenin levels in TCF-regulated transcription was uncovered for Apc mutation-induced effects in colon epithelium, along with evidence of a feed-forward role for b-catenin in @entity12401 gene expression and @entity12401 transcription. The active b-catenin protein pool was highly sensitive to @entity12401 transcript levels in @entity694 cells. In @entity19 @entity43 ( @entity43 ) arising from Apc- and @entity2370 -inactivation, while @entity12401 hemizygous dose affected b-catenin levels and some b-catenin/TCF target genes, @entity18122 induction was retained and @entity43 arose in a fashion akin to that seen with intact @entity12401 gene dose. Our findings indicate @entity12401 gene dose exerts tissue-specific differences in Apc mutation-instigated tumorigenesis. Differential expression of selected b-catenin/TCF-regulated genes, such as @entity18122 , likely underlies context-dependent effects of @entity12401 gene dosage in tumorigenesis.

title: Tissue-Specific Effects of Reduced b-catenin Expression on XXXX Mutation-Instigated Tumorigenesis in @entity19 Colon and Ovarian Epithelium.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['OEAs', 'ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers and some other cancers']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['Adenomatous polyposis coli', 'colon polyposis', 'APC']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['Adenomatous Polyposis Coli']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The prevalence of @entity1279 ( @entity1279 ) and @entity5550 ( @entity5550 ) among Latinas is comparable to those of the general population; however, few interventions and treatment trial research have focused on this group. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is the treatment of choice for @entity5550 . CBT-based guided self-help (CBTgsh)-a low-cost minimal intervention-has also been shown effective in improving @entity6426 related symptom, but the effectiveness of the CBTgsh among ethnic minority @entity1 is not well understood. Cultural adaptation of evidence-based treatments can be an important step for promoting treatment accessibility and engagement among underserved groups. This qualitative study was part of a larger investigation that examined the feasibility and efficacy of a culturally adapted CBTgsh program among Mexican American @entity1 with @entity5550 . Posttreatment focus groups were conducted with 12 Mexican American @entity1 with @entity1279 or @entity5550 who participated in the intervention. Data were analyzed with the grounded theory methodology (Corbin _ Strauss, 2008). Three themes emerged from the data: (a) eating behavior and body ideals are socially and culturally constructed, (b) multifaceted support system is crucial to Mexican American @entity1 's treatment engagement and success, and (c) the culturally adapted CBTgsh program is feasible and relevant to Mexican American @entity1 's experience, but it can be strengthened with increased family and peer involvement. The findings provide suggestions for further adaptation and refinement of the CBTgsh, and implications for future research as well as early intervention for disordered eating in organized care settings. (PsycINFO Database Record

title: Mexican American XXXX 's perspectives on a culturally adapted cognitive-behavioral therapy guided self-help program for @entity6426 .

entities_list: @entity6426 :: ('MESH:D002032', 'Disease') :: ['binge eating']

entities_list: @entity5550 :: ('MESH:D056912', 'Disease') :: ['BED', 'binge eating disorder', 'binge eating disorders', 'binge eating related disorders']

entities_list: @entity1279 :: ('MESH:D052018', 'Disease') :: ['bulimia nervosa', 'BN']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Because the paired lobes (ventral, dorsal, lateral, and anterior) of the @entity35 prostate have not been consistently sampled in many carcinogenicity and @entity137 studies, comparison among different investigations has been compromised. The lack of specific site identification for @entity4623 further lessens the value of incidences reported. We present here the lobe-specific incidences and degree of severity of background prostatic, seminal vesicular, and @entity75 in 1768 control Fischer-344 @entity35 from 35 recent National Toxicology Program 2-year carcinogenicity and @entity137 studies conducted in 4 laboratories. The dorsal and lateral lobes were combined and considered the dorsolateral lobe where @entity32 , epithelial degeneration, @entity45 , and @entity4 were observed. @entity32 in the dorsolateral lobes was significantly associated with @entity977 whose @entity3695 was suggested to play an important role in pathogenesis of @entity1069 . @entity528 , @entity2543 , @entity32 , @entity4 , and @entity652 were @entity1315 . @entity32 and @entity4 occurred in the anterior lobes (coagulating glands). @entity32 , dilatation, @entity2543 , @entity4 , and @entity652 were observed in the seminal vesicles. @entity32 was also present in the ampullary glands. We suggest an optimal embedment and trimming method in @entity35 prostate and seminal vesicle to ensure adequate, consistent sampling.

title: A retrospective analysis of background lesions and tissue accountability for male accessory sex organs in Fischer-344 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['ampullary glandular lesions']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['conspicuous in the ventral lobes']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous cysts']

entities_list: @entity4623 :: ('MESH:D011469', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary gland adenoma']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['Epithelial degeneration']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Complement-dependent @entity137 (CDC) has been suggested to be an important mechanism of action of @entity5 -targeting Abs. However, single unmodified @entity470 ( @entity470 )-targeting IgG1 Abs fail to trigger efficient CDC. For the current study, we generated a CDC-optimized variant of the @entity470 Ab matuzumab (H425 wt) by introducing @entity3689 substitutions @entity68805 / @entity68806 (H425 mt). This Ab was then used to elucidate the impact of complement activation on the capacity of effector cells such as mononuclear cells (MNC) and polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) to exert @entity137 ( @entity137 ). H425 mt, but not H425 wt, significantly induced complement deposition, release of anaphylatoxins, and CDC against distinct @entity5 cell lines, whereas no differences in @entity137 by MNC or PMN were detected. Notably, stronger @entity137 was induced by H425 mt than by H425 wt in whole blood assays and in experiments in which MNC or PMN were combined with serum. Although MNC- @entity137 was not affected by C5 cleavage, the cytotoxic activity of PMN in the presence of serum strongly depended on C5 cleavage, pointing to a direct interaction between complement and PMN. Strong cell surface expression of @entity2242 receptors was detected on PMN, whereas NK cells completely lacked expression. Stimulation of PMN with @entity2242 led to upregulation of activated complement receptor 3, resulting in enhanced complement receptor 3-dependent PMN- @entity137 against @entity5 cells. In conclusion, complement-optimized @entity470 Abs may constitute a promising strategy to improve @entity5 cell killing by enhancing the interaction between humoral and cellular effector functions in Ab-based @entity5 therapy.

title: A Complement-Optimized @entity470 Antibody Improves Cytotoxic Functions of Polymorphonuclear Cells against XXXX Cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['ADCC', 'Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of inhalation @entity4488 (Enf) before aortic clamping on @entity296 in cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). METHODS: hirty patents undergoing selective cardiac valve replacement were randomly allocated to three groups. Group I and group II inhaled 1.0 MAC and 0.5 MAC Enf before clamping aorta, respectively. Group III was the control group interval administration with @entity3575 . RESULTS: Immediately upon aortic clamp release (T2), the value of CK-MB, @entity1865 and SOD of all the groups was significantly increased, however,their concentration did not peak significantly until T3 and T4(10 and 30 min after clamp aorta release). The levels at 60 min (T5) and 24 hours (T6) aorta were lower than T4 but still higher than T(0). At T3 and T4, CK-MB levels in group I were significantly higher than those in II and III groups (P=0.0220, 0.0108 and 0.0202, 0.0295). At T6, the CK-MB level of group II was significantly higher than that of group III (P<0.0001). At T4 and T5, the @entity1865 value of group I was higher than that of group II (P=0.0060 and 0.0364). Meanwhile, the SOD level in group I was also higher than that of group II and group III at the T4 point (P<0.0001 and 0.0084). There was a correlation between the CK-MB value and the aorta clamping time,correlation coefficient range being 0.55 - 0.81,(P<0.05). However, there was no correlation between the CK-MB and @entity1865 , SOD. CONCLUSION: There is @entity63 reperfusion injury during cardiac surgery CPB with the increase of OFR production and elevation of the antioxidant reserve. Inhalation of large dose of @entity4488 may result in increased @entity741 reperfusion injury manifested by elevated levels of myocardial enzymes and OFR production.

title: [Effects of @entity4488 on XXXX during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass].

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4488 :: ('MESH:D004737', 'Chemical') :: ['enflurane']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['Fentanyl']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial reperfusion injury']


abstract: Objective The standard treatment for submucosal @entity418 is esophagectomy or chemoradiotherapy (CRT). However, these treatment modalities could deteriorate the general condition and quality of life of the @entity1 who are intolerant to invasive therapy. It is therefore important and beneficial to develop less invasive treatment protocols for these @entity1 . Methods The study included 43 @entity1 who were clinically suspected of @entity418 but underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) as a primary treatment, due to the @entity1 ' poor performance statuses and/or preferences for less invasive therapy. According to the pathological findings and @entity1 's general condition, whether the @entity1 underwent additional treatments or remained hospitalized without additional treatments was thereafter decided for each @entity1 . We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of these @entity1 . Results Fifteen @entity1 underwent additional surgery, 11 @entity1 underwent CRT/radiation therapy (RT) and 17 @entity1 were followed without additional treatments. During the 3-year follow-up period, the relapse-free survival rates in the @entity1 who received or did not receive additional treatments were 88% and 64%, respectively (95% confidence interval, 0.45-0.76, p=0.04). The relapse-free and overall survival rates in the @entity1 with additional treatments were equivalent or superior to those described in previous reports of the standard treatments. Preceding ESD contributed to reduce the local relapse significantly to approximately 3.5% and additional CRT-related @entity137 . Conclusion Preceding ESD is very effective for the local control of @entity5 , and useful for histologically confirming the high-risk factors of relapse, such as >= submucosal layer 2 (SM2) invasion and @entity14361 . ESD with additional therapy may be a promising strategy for optimizing the selection of therapy depending on the @entity1 's general condition.

title: Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD) with Additional Therapy for Superficial XXXX with Submucosal Invasion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14361 :: ('MESH:C566895', 'Disease') :: ['lymphovascular involvements']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer', 'mucosa or submucosal esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['Esophageal Cancer']


abstract: Assigning a @entity5 grade to @entity0 provides important prognostic information and guides optimal therapy. The present study was undertaken to grade @entity0 on aspirates by Robinson grading ( @entity46337 ) and Scarff-Bloom-Richardson grading system (SBR). Histological grading was done according to Nottingham modification of Scarff-Bloom-Richardson method and the two cytological grading systems were compared. Fifty cases of @entity0 with preoperative cytologic diagnosis were assigned @entity5 grade. Histologic grading was done on corresponding mastectomy or partially resected specimens. Statistical analysis was performed; correlation between cytologic and histologic grading was established using Spearman correlation coefficient. Regression analysis was done to assess the significance of each cytological feature. Univariate analysis showed strong correlation (P < 0.01) for all features except dissociation. Multiple regression analysis of cytologic features revealed cell dissociation nucleoli and nuclear margin as the most influential features. A concordance of 72.5% between @entity46337 (cyto) and SBR (cyto), 64% for @entity46337 (cyto) and SBR (histo), 82% for SBR (cyto) and SBR (histo) was noted. There was a significant association (P < 0.001) between the grades assigned to cytologic and histologic specimens. Cytologic grade could be used to predict histologic grade as significant relationship exists between grades assigned to cytologic and histologic specimens.

title: Cytohistological correlation of grading in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: The authors discuss their successful preliminary experience with 36 cases of cervical spondylotic disease by performing facetal distraction using specially designed Goel cervical facet spacers. The clinical and radiological results of treatment are analyzed. The mechanism of action of the proposed spacers and the rationale for their use are evaluated. Between 2006 and February 2010, 36 @entity1 were treated using the proposed technique. Of these @entity1 , 18 had multilevel and 18 had single-level cervical @entity614 and/or @entity602 . The average follow-up period was 17 months with a minimum of 6 months. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association classification system, visual analog scale ( @entity4048 and @entity614 ), and Odom criteria were used to monitor the clinical status of the @entity1 . The @entity1 were prospectively analyzed. The technique of surgery involved wide opening of the facet joints, denuding of articular cartilage, distraction of facets, and forced impaction of Goel cervical facet spacers into the articular cavity. Additionally, the interspinous process ligaments were resected, and corticocancellous bone graft from the iliac crest was placed and was stabilized over the adjoining laminae and facets after adequately preparing the host bone. Eighteen @entity1 underwent single-level, 6 @entity1 underwent 2-level, and 12 @entity1 underwent 3-level treatment. The alterations in the physical architecture of spine and canal dimensions were evaluated before and after the placement of intrafacet joint spacers and after at least 6 months of follow-up. All @entity1 had varying degrees of relief from symptoms of @entity158 , @entity614 , and @entity602 . Analysis of radiological features suggested that the distraction of facets with the spacers resulted in an increase in the intervertebral foraminal dimension (mean 2.2 mm), an increase in the height of the intervertebral disc space (range 0.4-1.2 mm), and an increase in the interspinous distance (mean 2.2 mm). The circumferential distraction resulted in reduction in the buckling of the posterior longitudinal ligament and ligamentum flavum. The procedure ultimately resulted in segmental bone fusion. No @entity1 worsened after treatment. There was no noticeable implant malfunction. During the follow-up period, all @entity1 had evidence of segmental bone fusion. No @entity1 underwent reexploration or further surgery of the neck. Distraction of the facets of the cervical vertebra can lead to remarkable and immediate stabilization-fixation of the spinal segment and increase in space for the spinal cord and roots. The procedure results in reversal of several pathological events related to spondylotic disease. The safe, firm, and secure stabilization at the fulcrum of cervical spinal movements provided a ground for segmental spinal arthrodesis. The immediate postoperative improvement and lasting recovery from symptoms suggest the validity of the procedure.

title: Facetal distraction as treatment for single- and multilevel cervical @entity614 and XXXX : a preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['spondylotic radiculopathy', 'radiculopathy']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['myelopathy']


abstract: The outcome of 30 proximal @entity3330 and pathological lesions in 29 @entity1 treated with the Russell-Taylor reconstruction nail are reported. Four @entity1 had @entity174 involving both the femoral neck and shaft (segmental). Fifteen @entity1 had extensive comminuted @entity174 of the proximal femur and ten @entity1 underwent nailing because of @entity174 (one bilateral). In nineteen operations there were technical difficulties, nail insertion and proximal interlocking being the commonest. In the elderly there was a high post-operative complication rate. Three nails needed to be revised for failure of fixation. On review, all @entity1 under sixty years of age regained full mobility and returned to their pre-fracture level of activities. @entity1 with per-trochanteric @entity174 over the age of sixty had less favourable results. No @entity5 @entity1 returned to their prefracture mobility level. The Russell-Taylor reconstruction nail proved to be useful in the treatment of segmented and, in a lesser degree, @entity174 . However, the surgical technique is demanding and there is a high incidence of @entity532 in the @entity1 over the age of sixty.

title: The treatment of XXXX with the Russell-Taylor reconstruction nail.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'pathological fractures']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['post-operative complications']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral fractures']

answer: @entity3330 :: (MESH:D005264,Disease) :: ['difficult proximal femoral fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that the cardiac time intervals reveal @entity296 in @entity1 with @entity101 and are strong predictors of @entity65 in the general population. METHODS AND RESULTS: In a large community-based population study, cardiac function was evaluated in 1915 @entity1 by using both conventional echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). The cardiac time intervals, including the isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT), isovolumic contraction time (IVCT), and ejection time (ET), were obtained by TDI M-mode through the mitral leaflet. IVCT/ET, IVRT/ET, and myocardial performance index [MPI=(IVRT+IVCT)/ET] were calculated. After multivariable adjustment for clinical variables the IVRT, IVRT/ET, and MPI, remained significantly impaired in @entity1 with @entity101 (n=826) compared with @entity1 without @entity101 (n=1082). Additionally, they displayed a significant dose-response relationship, between increasing severity of elevated blood pressure and increasing left ventricular mass index (P<0.001 for all). Further, during follow-up of a median of 10.7 years, 435 had an @entity65 ( @entity63 @entity299 , @entity3657 , or @entity64 ). The IVRT/ET and MPI were powerful and independent predictors of future @entity65 , especially in @entity1 with known @entity101 . They provide prognostic information incremental to clinical variables from the Framingham Risk Score, the SCORE risk chart, and the European Society of @entity101 /European Society of Cardiology risk chart. CONCLUSION: The cardiac time intervals identify @entity299 in individuals with @entity101 , not only independent of conventional risk factors but also in @entity1 with a normal conventional echocardiographic examination. The IVRT/ET and MPI are independent predictors of future @entity65 especially in @entity1 with known @entity101 .

title: Cardiac Time Intervals Measured by Tissue Doppler Imaging M-mode: Association With @entity101 , Left Ventricular Geometry, and Future XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['reduced myocardial function']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease', 'impaired cardiac function']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['future ischemic cardiovascular diseases', 'cardiovascular disease', 'ischemic cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is controversy over whether a lack of breastfeeding is related to @entity28 development. OBJECTIVE: We examined the effects of feeding different types of milk in late infancy on childhood growth. DESIGN: A cohort of 1112 term, singleton @entity1 (born in 1992) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and @entity1 , United Kingdom, were studied prospectively. Food records collected at 8 mo of age were used to define the following 5 mutually exclusive feeding groups on the basis of the type and amount of milk consumed: breast milk (BM), <600 mL formula milk/d (FMlow), >= 600 mL formula milk/d (FMhigh), <600 mL @entity291 milk/d (CMlow), and >= 600 mL @entity291 milk/d (CMhigh). Weight, height, and BMI were measured at 14 time points from birth to 10 y of age, and SD scores (SDSs) were calculated. Dietary energy and macronutrient intakes were available at 7 time points. RESULTS: CMhigh @entity1 were heavier than were BM @entity1 from 8 mo to 10 y of age with weight differences (after adjustment for maternal education, smoking, and parity) >= 0.27 SDSs and an average of 0.48 SDSs. The maximum weight difference was at 18 mo of age (0.70 SDS; 95% CI: 0.41, 1.00 SDS; P = <0.0001). CMhigh @entity1 were taller at some ages (25-43 mo; P < 0.01) and had greater BMI SDSs from >= 8 mo of age (at 9 y of age; P = 0.001). FMhigh @entity1 were heavier and taller than were BM @entity1 from 8 to 37 mo of age. There were marked dietary differences between milk groups at 8 mo of age, some of which persisted to 18 mo of age. Adjustments for current energy and protein intakes did not attenuate the growth differences observed. CONCLUSIONS: The feeding of high volumes of @entity291 milk in late infancy is associated with faster weight and height gain than is BM feeding. The feeding of bottle-fed @entity1 with high volumes of @entity291 milk in late infancy may have a persisting effect on body habitus through childhood.

title: Effects on childhood body habitus of feeding large volumes of XXXX or formula milk compared with breastfeeding in the latter part of infancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cow']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity11044 following a @entity3142 procedure occurs in 5 to 20% of @entity1 . We examine the success of transvaginal urethrolysis in resolving @entity409 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed on 39 @entity1 who had undergone transvaginal urethrolysis for @entity11044 following an anti- @entity322 procedure. Preoperatively, a history was taken, and pelvic examination and either video urodynamics or cystoscopy were done. RESULTS: All 39 @entity1 complained of urge @entity322 , 13% had urinary retention, 51% had @entity1494 and 36% voided to completion but had irritative voiding symptoms. Previous surgery included retropubic urethropexy in 41% of the cases, pubovaginal sling in 38% and bladder neck suspension in 21%. Mean length of followup after urethrolysis was 16 months. Of the 39 @entity1 33 (85%) had resolution of urge @entity322 but 5 still required occasional intermittent catheterization. The remaining 6 @entity1 had continued urge @entity322 . An augmentation procedure was performed in 4 @entity1 with improvement of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Our data support transvaginal urethrolysis for the treatment of iatrogenic @entity11044 . It is a rapid, effective and minimally invasive technique that should be considered if @entity409 does not resolve spontaneously.

title: Transvaginal urethrolysis for @entity11044 after anti- XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete bladder emptying']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['voiding dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity11044 :: ('MESH:D014524', 'Disease') :: ['urethral obstruction', 'Urethral obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['stress incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: PURPOSE: Current practices applied to @entity19 pharmacokinetic (PK) studies often use large numbers of animals with sporadic or composite sampling that inadequately describe PK profiles.   The purpose of this work was to evaluate and optimize blood microsampling techniques coupled with dried blood spot (DBS) and LC-MS/MS analysis to generate reliable PK data in @entity19 .   In addition, the feasibility of cross-over designs was assessed and recommendations are presented. METHODS: The work describes a comprehensive evaluation of five blood microsampling techniques (tail clip, tail vein with needle hub, submandibular, retro-orbital, and @entity548 ) in CD-1 @entity19 .   The feasibility of blood sampling was evaluated based on animal observations, ease of @entity548 , and ability to collect serial samples.   @entity1499 , @entity8445 and @entity15506 were used as test compounds and were dosed either orally or intravenously, followed by DBS collection and LC-MS/MS analysis to compare PK with various @entity548 methods. RESULTS: Submandibular and retro-orbital methods that required non-serial blood collections did not allow for inter-animal variability assessments and resulted in poorly described absorption and distribution kinetics.   The submandibular and tail vein with needle-hub methods were the least favorable from a technical feasibility perspective.   Serial @entity548 was possible with cannulated animals or @entity548 in non-cannulated animals. CONCLUSIONS:    Of the methods that allowed serial sampling, the saphenous method when executed as described in this report, was most practical, reproducible and provided for assessment of inter-animal variability.   It enabled the collection of complete exposure profiles from a single @entity19 and the conduct of an intravenous/oral cross-over study design.   This methodology can be used routinely, it promotes the 3Rs principles by achieving reductions in the number of animals used, decreased restraints and animal stress, and improved the quality of data obtained in @entity19 PK studies.  This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see "For Readers") may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue's contents page.

title: Evaluation and Optimization of Blood Micro-Sampling Methods: Serial Sampling in a Cross-Over Design from an Individual XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['saphenous bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity15506 :: ('MESH:D005913', 'Chemical') :: ['glipizide']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity8445 :: ('MESH:D015248', 'Chemical') :: ['gemfibrozil']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: We have demonstrated previously that protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) plays a key role in regulating phospholipase D (PLD) activation by @entity2036 and the @entity4621 @entity1359 in Madin-Darby @entity235 kidney (MDCK-D1) cells. In the current work, we investigated PLD activation in MDCK-D1 cells triggered by the adrenergic receptor agonist @entity1425 and its mechanism of activation. @entity1425 , acting through the alpha1-adrenergic receptor subtype, promoted transient translocation of PKCalpha and more prolonged translocation of PKCepsilon to the membrane fraction, indicating activation of these two isoforms. In addition, @entity1425 promoted activation of PLD, as shown by a sustained accumulation of @entity33361 . All of these events were blocked by pretreatment of cells with the alpha1-adrenergic antagonist @entity3159 . D609, an inhibitor of @entity2434 hydrolysis, blocked translocation of PKCalpha and PKCepsilon but did not inhibit PLD activation. Unlike results with @entity4515 , or with the P2 purinergic receptor agonist @entity855 , @entity1425 -stimulated PLD activity was not inhibited in MDCK-D1 cells in which PKCalpha expression is attenuated by an antisense cDNA construct or in cells in which PKC activity was inhibited by 1 microM GF 109203X. However, PLD activation by @entity1425 was abolished by concomitant incubation of cells with the @entity460 chelator @entity4527 . These data, together with previous results, are consistent with the hypothesis that in MDCK-D1 cells, @entity1425 acting on alpha1-adrenergic receptors, promotes a rapid increase in cytosolic @entity141 that promotes activation of PLD through an as-yet poorly defined mechanism. The data demonstrate that different types of G protein-linked receptors that activate PLD can mediate this activation in either a PKC activation-dependent or -independent manner within a single cell type.

title: Stimulation of phospholipase D via alpha1-adrenergic receptors in Madin-Darby XXXX kidney cells is independent of PKCalpha and -epsilon activation.

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine', 'Epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity33361 :: ('MESH:C051521', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylethanol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7545 are caused by obligate intracellular bacteria belonging to the spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae. Although Spotted @entity221 is prevalent in the Middle East, no reports for the presence of tick-borne pathogens are available or any studies on the epidemiology of this disease in the West Bank. We aimed to identify the circulating hard tick vectors and genetically characterize SFG @entity39340 species in ixodid ticks from the West Bank-Palestinian territories. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A total of 1,123 ixodid ticks belonging to eight species (Haemaphysalis parva, Haemaphysalis adleri, @entity278 turanicus, @entity278 , @entity278 bursa, Hyalomma dromedarii, Hyalomma aegyptium and Hyalomma impeltatum) were collected from @entity1237 , @entity742 , @entity20770 , @entity235 , a wolf, a @entity1641 and a tortoise in different localities throughout the West Bank during the period of January-April, 2014. A total of 867 ticks were screened for the presence of rickettsiae by PCR targeting a partial sequence of the ompA gene followed by sequence analysis. Two additional genes, 17 kDa and 16SrRNA were also targeted for further characterization of the detected @entity39340 species. Rickettsial DNA was detected in 148 out of the 867 (17%) tested ticks. The infection rates in Rh. turanicus, Rh. sanguineus, H. adleri, H. parva, H. dromedarii, and H. impeltatum ticks were 41.7, 11.6, 16.7, 16.2, 11.8 and 20%, respectively. None of the ticks, belonging to the species Rh. bursa and H. aegyptium, were infected. Four SFG rickettsiae were identified: @entity39340 massiliae, @entity39340 africae, Candidatus @entity39340 barbariae and Candidatus @entity39340 goldwasserii. SIGNIFICANCE: The results of this study demonstrate the geographic distribution of SFG rickettsiae and clearly indicate the presence of at least four of them in collected ticks. Palestinian clinicians should be aware of emerging @entity7545 in the West Bank, particularly @entity281 due to @entity39340 and @entity26357 .

title: Molecular Detection and Identification of Spotted XXXX Group Rickettsiae in Ticks Collected from the West Bank, Palestinian Territories.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity278 :: ('34632', 'Species') :: ['Rhipicephalus sanguineus', 'Rhipicephalus']

entities_list: @entity39340 :: ('35791', 'Species') :: ['R. massiliae', 'Rickettsia']

entities_list: @entity7545 :: ('MESH:D017282', 'Disease') :: ['Tick-borne rickettsioses', 'tick-borne diseases']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['Fever']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the information provision concerning possible benefits and harms of short-course preoperative radiotherapy (PRT) at pre-treatment consultations between radiation oncologists and @entity5 @entity1 . DESIGN: Observational study. METHOD: We audiotaped the consultations between 17 radiation oncologists and 81 @entity1 with primary @entity5 who were eligible for PRT. The recordings were transcribed and analysed descriptively. RESULTS: A median of seven benefits/harms of PRT were addressed at each consultation (range, 2-13). This number differed both in and between individual oncologists and was not consistently associated with the @entity1 's characteristics. A total of 30 different treatment outcomes was addressed. The effect of PRT on local control was addressed in all consultations, and the effect on survival in 16%. The most important adverse effects according to the literature are @entity29 and @entity250 . These were addressed in 82% and 85% of consultations, respectively; sexual problems were discussed significantly more often with male than female @entity1 . Four out of five @entity1 did not initiate discussion on potential benefits/harms. CONCLUSION: There was a considerable variation in the number and nature of benefits and harms of PRT that were discussed prior to treatment. This variation indicates a lack of clarity concerning which benefits/harms of radiotherapy should be discussed with newly-diagnosed @entity1 . This suboptimal provision of information to @entity1 hampers the process of shared decision making, in which the decision is based on each individual @entity1 's weighing of benefits and harms. We do not believe our findings to be specific for PRT, but expect to find similar variation in provision of information with regard to other treatment decisions.

title: [Decision-making in preoperative radiotherapy in XXXX : variation in provision of information].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['bowel dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Abusive @entity542 includes any @entity130 inflicted to a @entity1 's head and body. It is often characterized by, but not  limited to, the repetitive acceleration-deceleration forces with or without blunt head impact. It has a mortality rate of 30%, and 80% of survivors experience permanent @entity16 . In this case series, we hypothesize that bedside ultrasonography can be useful in the identification of @entity989 that are consistent with abusive @entity542 . Ocular manifestations of abusive @entity542 are identified by dilated ophthalmic examination showing @entity5861 that are too numerous to count, multilayered, and extending to the periphery. @entity9712 , splitting of the retinal layers with or without blood accumulating in the intervening space, is exclusive for abusive @entity542 in @entity1 without a history of significant cerebral @entity130 . Direct visualization of intraocular structures is difficult when the eyelids are swollen shut or when dilatation must be delayed. We present a series of 11 @entity1 with @entity1545 who underwent ophthalmic point-of-care ultrasonography that revealed @entity9712 on average 60 hours earlier than direct ophthalmic visualization. Dilated ophthalmic examinations and autopsy reports confirmed @entity9712 and other forms of @entity5861 that were too numerous to count, multilayered, and extending to the periphery in all 11 @entity1 . One @entity1 did not have a dilated ophthalmic examination; however, @entity9712 and @entity5861 were confirmed on autopsy. Ocular point-of-care ultrasonography is a promising tool to investigate abusive @entity542 through the identification of @entity9712 and @entity5861 when @entity384 and direct ophthalmic examination is delayed.

title: The Use of Ophthalmic Ultrasonography to Identify @entity989 Associated With Abusive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injuries']

entities_list: @entity9712 :: ('MESH:D041441', 'Disease') :: ['Traumatic retinoschisis', 'traumatic retinoschisis', 'retinoschisis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic damage']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['pupillary dilatation']

entities_list: @entity5861 :: ('MESH:D012166', 'Disease') :: ['retinal hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['nonaccidental injury', 'crush injury']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['Head Trauma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Spontaneous @entity8 (SRAD) is a rare disease entity. The diagnosis is usually delayed because clinical presentation is non-specific. We report three cases of symptomatic SRAD complicated by @entity1188 which occurred in previously healthy middle-aged male @entity1 . They visited the hospital due to acute @entity812 . They had no specific underlying disease or @entity130 history. The laboratory tests and physical examination were normal. They were not suspected of having SRAD initially, but computed tomography (CT) revealed @entity8 with distal hypoperfusion leading to @entity1188 . They were treated conservatively with anticoagulation and/or antiplatelets for 6 months. They had a 6-month regular follow-up with CT, where resolution was confirmed in one @entity1 and all @entity1 remained asymptomatic. These cases emphasize the importance of clinical suspicion of SRAD in previously healthy @entity1 who complain of @entity490 without specific findings on initial investigation.

title: Spontaneous Renal Artery Dissection Complicated by XXXX : Three Case Reports.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery dissection', 'dissection of the renal artery']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal or flank pain']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['renal infarction']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['Renal Infarction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2431 and subsequent @entity1592 ( @entity1592 ) increase the risk of @entity2806 in the newborn by 40 fold. The latter, in turn, increases the risk of @entity306 and @entity717 . This study seeks to determine the effectiveness of broccoli sprouts (BrSp), a rich source of the isothiocyanate @entity8114 , as a neuroprotectant in a @entity35 model of @entity2431 and @entity1592 . @entity2431 and @entity1592 was induced by bilateral uterine artery ligation (BUAL) on day E20 of gestation. Dams were fed standard chow or chow supplemented with 200mg of dried BrSp from E15 - postnatal day 14 (PD14). Controls received Sham surgery and the same dietary regime. Pups underwent neurologic reflex testing and open field testing, following which they were euthanized and their brains frozen for neuropathologic assessment. Compared to Sham, @entity1592 pups were delayed in attaining early reflexes and performed worse in the open field, both of which were significantly improved by maternal supplementation of BrSp (p<0.05). Neuropathology revealed diminished white matter, @entity2554 , astrogliosis and reduction in hippocampal neurons in @entity1592 animals compared to Sham, whereas broccoli sprout supplementation improved outcome in all histological assessments (p<0.05). Maternal dietary supplementation with BrSp prevented the detrimental neurocognitive and neuropathologic effects of chronic intrauterine @entity63 . These findings suggest a novel approach for prevention of @entity306 and/or @entity717 associated with @entity2431 .

title: Broccoli sprout supplementation during pregnancy prevents brain injury in the newborn XXXX following @entity2431 .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity8114 :: ('MESH:C016766', 'Chemical') :: ['sulforaphane']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['IUGR', 'intrauterine growth restriction']

entities_list: @entity2554 :: ('MESH:C563906', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dilation']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['developmental disabilities']

entities_list: @entity2431 :: ('MESH:D010927', 'Disease') :: ['placental insufficiency', 'Placental insufficiency', 'Chronic placental insufficiency', 'chronic placental insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity191 is a neurodegenerative condition involving @entity73 . It is important to know why all these different deficits co-occur in the affected @entity1 . This paper aims to clarify whether these comorbid deficits result from the selective impairment of a computational primitive, namely, a context-sensitive computational ability according to Chomsky's Hierarchy (a well-established research tool in comparative neuroscience). @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 15 medicated subjects with @entity191 and 15 controls were selected. They were matched in age and education. A battery of tasks was designed to test 3 different domains (motor capacities, cognition, and language) and 2 different computational abilities (context-free and context-sensitive operations). RESULTS: Significant differences between groups were observed only regarding the linguistic task involving context-sensitive computations (correferences). CONCLUSIONS: The observed deficits in our @entity1 with @entity191 cannot be explained in terms of the selective impairment of one only unspecific, low-level computational process. At the same time, differences between @entity1 and controls are expected to be greater if the former are not medicated. Moreover, we should pursue in the search of (this kind of) computational primitives than can be selectively impaired in @entity1 with @entity191 , because they may help to achieve an earlier diagnosis of this condition.

title: A core deficit in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['motor, cognitive, and linguistic deficits']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson disease']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson disease']


abstract: CONTEXT: Pragmatic trials lack the relatively tight quality control of traditional efficacy studies and hence may pose added analytic challenges owing to the practical realities faced in carrying them out. CASE DESCRIPTION: STOP @entity14 is a cluster randomized trial testing the effectiveness of automated, electronic medical record (EMR)-driven strategies to raise @entity14 ( @entity14 ) screening rates in safety net clinics. Screen-eligible @entity1 were accrued during year 1 and followed for 12 months (measurement window) to assess completion of a fecal screening test. Control clinics implemented the intervention in year 2. IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES/ANALYTIC ISSUES: Due to limitations on how we could build the intervention tools, the overlap of the year 1 measurement windows with year 2 intervention rollout posed a potential for contamination of the primary outcome for control @entity1 . In addition, a variety of factors led to a lack of synchronization of the measurement windows with actual intervention delivery. In both cases, the net impact of these factors would be to diminish the estimated impact of the intervention. PROPOSED SOLUTIONS: We dealt with the overlap issue by delaying the start of intervention rollout to control clinics in year 2 by 6 months and by truncating the measurement windows for intervention and control @entity1 at this point. In addition we formulated three sensitivity analyses to help address the issue of asynchronization. CONCLUSION: This case study might help other investigators facing similar challenges think about such issues and the pros and cons of various strategies for dealing with them.

title: Analytic Challenges Arising from the STOP XXXX Trial: Pragmatic Solutions for Pragmatic Problems.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['CRC']


abstract: Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the @entity20317 ( @entity59188 ) @entity4735 gene polymorphism in clinical parameters and the risk for development of @entity43 . Material and Methods. The study consisted of 430 @entity1 with @entity43 (mean age: 53.2    10.11) and 430 healthy subjects (mean age: 50.31    18.21). Analysis of the gene polymorphisms was performed using the PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each genotype and allele were calculated. Results. The results obtained indicate that the genotype @entity7647 / @entity7647 is associated with an increased risk of @entity43 (OR 5.01; 95% CI 3.37-7.43; p < 0.0001). Association of @entity20317 polymorphism with histological grading showed increased @entity4735 @entity7647 / @entity7647 (OR = 6.96; 95% CI 3.41-14.21; p < 0.0001) genotype in grading 1 as well as @entity7647 allele overrepresentation (OR = 4.98; 95% CI 3.37-7.40; p < 0.0001) in G1 ovarian @entity1 . Finally, with clinical FIGO staging under evaluation, an increase in @entity4735 @entity7647 / @entity7647 homozygote frequencies in staging I and @entity7647 allele frequencies in SI were observed. Conclusion. On the basis of these results, we conclude that @entity4735 gene polymorphism @entity20317 may be associated with an increased risk of @entity43 .

title: An Association between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of @entity20317 XXXX Gene and @entity43 in Polish @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity20317 :: ('p|SUB|K|751|Q', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Lys751Gln']

answer: @entity4735 :: (2068,Gene) :: ['ERCC2']


abstract: Angiogenesis is important in the pathogenesis of @entity5 and correlates with clinical outcome in certain @entity5 . Recent advances in staining techniques have raised doubts about the prognostic value of @entity1350 in muscle-invasive @entity150 , for which relatively few predictors for survival exist. Twenty-one radical cystectomy specimens from @entity1 with stage pT2-3NOMO transitional cell @entity5 were examined by staining with @entity1710 and @entity1711 (H_E). Factor VIII-related antigen (FVIII RAG) which is specific for vascular endothelium, and MOVAT which highlights large vessels. Angiogenesis, estimated by microvessel density, and presence of @entity1350 were then correlated with survival in the follow-up period which ranged from 3 to 141 months. Six of 21 @entity1 survived disease-free with follow-up ranging from 47 to 141 months. Twelve @entity1 had lower microvessel density than 178/mm2 and five of these survived, whereas only one of nine @entity1 having higher microvessel density survived. Twelve of 21 @entity1 had @entity1350 and three survived whereas three of nine @entity1 without @entity1350 survived. There was no correlation found between @entity1350 and survival in this study. Analysis by Kaplan-Meir survival curves demonstrated trends which were not statistically significant between high and low angiogenesis groups. The preliminary data suggest that further assessment of the prognostic role of angiogenesis and @entity1350 in muscle-invasive @entity150 is indicated.

title: Prognostic value of angiogenesis and @entity1350 in muscle-invasive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1350 :: ('MESH:D019043', 'Disease') :: ['vascular invasion']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: We aimed to develop a @entity1545 surrogate marker for early prediction of late @entity149 in @entity1 receiving brain @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty-seven @entity1 (17 males and 10 females, 31-80 years of age) were enrolled in an institutional review board-approved prospective longitudinal study. @entity1 received diagnoses of @entity11 or @entity5 and were treated by (3D) conformal or intensity-modulated @entity1161 with a median dose of 54 Gy (50.4-59.4 Gy in 1.8-Gy fractions). Six dynamic-contrast enhanced MRI scans were performed from pre- @entity1161 to 18-month post- @entity1161 , and quantified for vascular parameters related to blood-brain barrier permeability, K(trans), and the fraction of blood plasma volume, Vp. The temporal changes in the means of hippocampal transfer constant K(trans) and Vp after starting @entity1161 were modeled by integrating the dose effects with age, sex, hippocampal laterality, and presence of @entity5 or @entity4 near a hippocampus. Finally, the early vascular dose response in hippocampi was correlated with @entity149 at 6 and 18 months post- @entity1161 . RESULTS: The mean K(trans) Increased significantly from pre- @entity1161 to 1-month post- @entity1161 (P<.0004), which significantly depended on sex (P<.0007) and age (P<.00004), with the dose response more pronounced in older females. Also, the vascular dose response in the left hippocampus of females correlated significantly with changes in memory function at 6 (r=-0.95, P<.0006) and 18-months (r=-0.88, @entity13676 ) post- @entity1161 . CONCLUSIONS: The early hippocampal vascular dose response could be a predictor of late @entity149 . A personalized hippocampus sparing strategy may be considered in the future.

title: A Radiation-Induced XXXX Surrogate Marker Predicts Late @entity149 .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumor']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['neurocognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['low-grade glioma']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['Hippocampal Vascular Injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence and outcome of @entity82 encountered unexpectedly during gastric bariatric operations. DESIGN: A cohort study. SETTING: A tertiary care center. @entity1 : One hundred twenty-five @entity1 in whom @entity82 was discovered during gastric bariatric operations. @entity82 may have been caused by severe @entity28 in 93 (74%) of the @entity1 . INTERVENTIONS: A questionnaire survey of bariatric surgeons worldwide, including one of us (R.E.B.). RESULTS: One hundred twenty-six (52%) of the 243 surgeons responded to the survey. Planned bariatric operations were performed in 91 (73%) of the cases. Seventeen (14%) of the remaining cases were closed after the discovery of @entity82 . There were no intraoperative deaths. However, the perioperative mortality rate was 4% and there were 7 late deaths, 6 due to complications of @entity409 . Eleven other @entity1 are described as alive with progressive @entity409 . The remaining 50 @entity1 are "alive and well." The survey also included opinion questions. Regarding the appropriate operation to perform after discovering @entity82 , 40% replied "perform liver biopsy only and close"; the remaining 60% would perform a bariatric procedure. Regarding bariatric operations that can be safely performed in @entity1 with @entity82 , 59% would perform banded gastroplasty, 39% would perform standard Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, 5% would perform biliopancreatic bypass, and 27% would perform none of the above. CONCLUSION: Although operative mortality is higher in cirrhotic vs other bariatric @entity1 , most surveyed surgeons believe that gastric restrictive operations can be performed safely in this group of @entity1 .

title: Unsuspected @entity82 discovered during elective XXXX operations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis', 'Cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic dysfunction', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: High-sensitivity @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), proposed as a new coronary risk marker, may reflect either an acute phase reaction or the level of chronic @entity32 . Thus, @entity1851 may be less predictive of long-term outcomes when measured after @entity583 ( @entity4620 ) than after unstable @entity951 (UAP) or @entity5749 ( @entity5749 ). A total of 1,360 @entity1 with severe @entity453 (>/=1 stenosis >/=70%) had @entity1851 levels obtained at angiography. Presenting diagnoses were @entity5749 (n = 599), UAP (n = 442), or @entity4620 (n = 319). During follow-up (mean 2.8 years), @entity204 or nonfatal @entity4620 ( @entity4620 ) occurred in 19.5%, 16.1%, and 17.2% (p = NS) with @entity5749 , UAP, and @entity4620 , respectively. Corresponding median @entity1851 levels were 1.31, 1.27, and 2.50 mg/dl (p <0.001). For the overall cohort, increasing age, low ejection fraction, revascularization, and elevated @entity1851 were the strongest of 6 independent predictors for @entity4620 . Among those presenting with @entity5749 , @entity1851 levels above the first tertile were associated with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2 to 2.8, p <0.009) for @entity4620 . After UAP, the hazard ratio was 2.7 (95% CI 1.4 to 5.0, p <0.002). However, when measured during hospitalization for @entity4620 , @entity1851 was not predictive of long-term outcome (hazard ratio 1.0 [95 % CI 0.5 to 1.7] p = 0.86). In conclusion, predischarge @entity1851 levels are higher after @entity4620 than after UAP or @entity5749 . However, whereas @entity1851 is strongly predictive of long-term @entity4620 for @entity1 presenting with @entity5749 or UAP, it is not predictive shortly after @entity4620 , suggesting that measurements should be delayed until the acute phase reaction is over and levels have returned to baseline.

title: Usefulness of high-sensitivity @entity1851 in predicting long-term risk of XXXX or @entity583 in @entity1 with unstable or @entity5749 or @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['SAP', 'stable angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']