abstract: BACKGROUND: Postoperative mortality rates have been published in relation to operative procedure or preexisting @entity358 . We analyzed our @entity1 for the effect of the @entity86 stage on perioperative mortality. @entity1 AND METHODS: Retrospective study of all thoracotomies for resections ( n=1281) in primary @entity2 from January 1987 to December 1997. Uni- and multivariate analysis was performed for operative procedure, mortality (30 and 90 days), @entity5 stage, sex, age, @entity5 localization, and completeness of resection. Radical resection was achieved in 91.9% of the @entity1 . RESULTS: Overall postoperative deaths occurred in 4% and 7.3% of @entity1 after 30 and 90 days respectively. Depending on the operative procedure the mortality after segmental resection ( n=116) was 0.9% and 1.7%, lobectomy ( n=621) 3.0% and 5.7%, sleeve lobectomy ( n=152) 5.3% and 7.9%, and pneumonectomy ( n=314) 6.7% and 12.5%, respectively. Within 30 and 90 days postoperatively deaths occurred, respectively, in 0.8% and 1.0% of stage I @entity1 ( n=493), 5.4% and 5.4% of stage II ( n=147), 4.9% and 8.8% of stage IIIa ( n=388), 7.2% and 16.6% of stage IIIb ( n=148), 8.9% and 20.5% and of stage IV ( n=114). Multivariate analysis showed @entity86 stage to be the factor most closely related to within the first 90 days. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 stage but not type of resection is the strongest predictor of postoperative mortality in these subpopulations.

title: XXXX stage and early mortality for surgical resections in @entity2 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary and extrapulmonary diseases']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative tumor']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We report an extremely rare case of concomitant huge exophytic @entity677 and @entity16970 ( @entity16970 ). CASE PRESENTATION: The @entity1 was a 67-year-old @entity1 experiencing abdominal distension since September 2006. A physical examination revealed a 25 x 30 cm hard mass that was palpable in the middle and lower left abdomen minimal intrinsic mobility and massive @entity843 . Since the admitted @entity1 was diagnosed with DIC, surgery could not be performed. The @entity1 received a platelet transfusion and the DIC was treated. Due to this treatment, the platelet count recovered to 7.0 x 10(4); @entity5 resection was performed at 16 days after admission. Laparotomy revealed a huge extraluminal @entity5 arising from the greater curvature of the stomach that measured 25 x 30 cm and had not ruptured into the peritoneal cavity or infiltrated other organs. Partial gastric resection was performed. The resected mass measured 25 x 25 x 20 cm. In cross section, the @entity5 appeared hard and homogenous with a small polycystic area. Histopathology of the resected specimen showed large spindle cell GIST with >5/50 @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ) mitotic activity. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the @entity1003 improved rapidly. CONCLUSION: Since the characteristic of @entity5 in this case was hypervascularity with @entity548 and @entity39 , @entity1003 was thought to be caused by the trapping of platelets within a large vasculized @entity5 mass.

title: A rare case of concomitant huge exophytic gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the stomach and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['HPF', 'high-power field']

entities_list: @entity677 :: ('MESH:C564650', 'Disease') :: ['GIST of the stomach']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity16970 :: ('MESH:D059885', 'Disease') :: ['Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon', 'KMP']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

answer: @entity16970 :: (MESH:D059885,Disease) :: ['Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the technical and oncological feasibility of laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (TME) with coloanal @entity254 for mid and low @entity5 . METHODS: During a 2-year period, 50 @entity1 underwent laparoscopic TME with coloanal @entity254 for @entity189 located at a median of 4.5 (range 2-11) cm from the anal verge. Pre-operative radiotherapy was used in 46 @entity1 . Intersphincteric dissection was combined with the laparoscopic procedure to achieve sphincter preservation. RESULTS: Conversion to a laparotomy was necessary in six @entity1 . Postoperative mortality and morbidity were 2% and 28%, respectively. Morbidity was lower in @entity1 operated on during the second part of the study, who had extraction of the rectal specimen through a small laparotomy incision, than in those operated on during the first part of the study when removal of the specimen was by transanal extraction. Oncological quality of excision was safe in 44 @entity1 with intact or almost intact rectal fascia in 88% and R0 resection in 90%. At a median follow-up of 18 months, there was no local or port-site recurrence. CONCLUSION: This study confirms our preliminary results of oncological feasibility of laparoscopic TME with sphincter preservation for mid and low @entity5 , and showed that morbidity can be decreased by using a standardized surgical procedure.

title: Technical and oncological feasibility of laparoscopic total mesorectal excision with pouch coloanal @entity254 for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Controlled transgene expression via a promoter is particularly triggered in response to pathogen infiltration. This is significant for eliciting disease-resistant features in crops through genetic engineering. The germins and germin-like proteins (GLPs) are known to be associated with plant and developmental stages. The 1107-bp @entity579 root GLP2 (OsRGLP2) gene promoter fused to a b-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene was transformed into @entity415 plants through an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The OsRGLP2 promoter was activated in response to @entity10437 (Mart.) Sacc. and Alternaria solani Sorauer. Quantitative real-time PCR results revealed 4-5-fold increase in promoter activity every 24  h following infection. There was a 15-fold increase in OsRGLP2 promoter activity after 72  h of @entity10437 (Mart.) Sacc. treatment and a 12-fold increase observed with A. solani Sorauer. Our results confirmed that the OsRGLP2 promoter activity was enhanced under fungal stress. Furthermore, a hyperaccumulation of @entity5568 in transgenic plants is a clear signal for the involvement of OsRGLP2 promoter region in the activation of specific genes in the @entity415 genome involved in @entity5568 -mediated defense response. The OsRGLP2 promoter evidently harbors copies of GT-I and Dof transcription factors (AAAG) that act in response to elicitors generated in the wake of pathogen infection.

title: Germin-like protein 2 gene promoter from XXXX is responsive to fungal pathogens in transgenic @entity415 plants.

entities_list: @entity579 :: ('4530', 'Species') :: ['Oryza sativa']

entities_list: @entity10437 :: ('169388', 'Species') :: ['Fusarium solani', 'F. solani']

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['rice']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Infection by Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing enterohemorrhagic @entity526 (EHEC) results in severe @entity294 , @entity548 , and, occasionally, @entity1381 ( @entity1381 ). @entity1381 is associated with an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, many of which are produced by macrophages in the kidneys, indicating that localized host innate immunity likely plays a role in renal pathogenesis. EHEC serotypes may express one or two classes of serologically defined but structurally and functionally-related Shiga toxins called @entity10952 and @entity23345 . Of these, @entity23345 appears to be linked to higher rates of @entity1381 than @entity10952 . To investigate a possible reason for this, we exposed @entity1 macrophage-like @entity1357 cells to @entity10952 or @entity23345 and then used the Luminex multiplex system to assess cytokine/chemokine concentrations in culture supernatant solutions. This analysis revealed that, relative to @entity10952 , @entity23345 significantly caused increased expression of @entity1261 , @entity1356 , @entity687 and @entity310 in macrophage-like @entity1357 cells. This was determined to not be due to a difference in @entity137 since both @entity10952 and @entity23345 displayed similar cytotoxic activities on macrophage-like @entity1357 cells. These observations indicate that, in vitro, @entity23345 can provoke a greater pro-inflammatory response than @entity10952 in macrophages and provides a possible partial explanation for higher rates of @entity1381 in @entity1 infected with EHEC strains expressing @entity23345 . To begin to determine a mechanism for Shiga toxin-mediated cytokine production, we exposed macrophage-like @entity1357 cells to @entity10952 or @entity23345 subunits. Luminex analysis of cytokines in cell culture supernatant solutions demonstrated that neither subunit alone induced a cytokine response in @entity1357 cells.

title: The Effects of Shiga Toxin 1, 2 and Their Subunits on Cytokine and Chemokine Expression by XXXX Macrophage-Like @entity1357 Cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic colitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic-uremic syndrome', 'HUS']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: @entity9886 is a novel orally active nonpeptidal antihypertensive agent that specifically blocks the @entity7743 . This paper compares the short- and long-term safety and tolerability of @entity9886 with those of placebo. Approximately 3800 @entity1 with mild-to-severe essential @entity101 were enrolled in 16 double-masked and 4 open clinical trials worldwide. Of these, approximately 2900 were treated with @entity9886 either alone or in combination with other antihypertensive drugs. These trials included @entity1 with @entity6 (n = 133). An additional 5 trials enrolled @entity101 @entity1 with compromised renal function (n = 115) or @entity712 (n = 220). @entity9886 dosages primarily ranged from 10 to 150 mg once daily, with most @entity1 receiving 50 to 100 mg per day. @entity101 trials generally lasted 12 weeks. The most frequently reported adverse events were @entity10 , @entity1729 , dizziness, and @entity1395 /fatigue, but only dizziness occurred more frequently (> or = 1%) in the @entity9886 -treated groups. Cough occurred in 3.1% of @entity1 treated with @entity9886 and 2.6% of @entity1 treated with placebo. The overall incidence of clinical and laboratory adverse events in the @entity9886 - and placebo-treated groups was similar among @entity1 with @entity101 and either @entity6 , @entity8 , or @entity712 . The data suggest that @entity9886 can be safely administered in @entity101 @entity1 with concomitant illnesses. It can be considered for first-line therapy and is suitable as an alternative therapy in @entity1 already experiencing side effects with other agents.

title: Clinical safety and tolerability of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan', 'Losartan']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper respiratory tract infection']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity7743 :: ('185', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II type 1 receptor']

answer: @entity9886 :: (MESH:D019808,Chemical) :: ['losartan']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Intraocular pressure (IOP) is a critical risk factor in @entity726 , and the available evidence derived from experimental studies in primates and rodents strongly indicates that the site of IOP-induced @entity21 in @entity726 is at the optic nerve head (ONH). However, the mechanisms that cause IOP-induced damage at the ONH are far from understood. A possible sequence of events could originate with IOP-induced stress in the ONH connective tissue elements ( @entity5692 , scleral canal and lamina cribrosa) that leads to an increase in biomechanical strain. In consequence, molecular signaling cascades might be activated that result in extracellular matrix turnover of the @entity5692 , changing its biomechanical properties. @entity6475 might induce reactive changes in ONH astrocytes and cause astrogliosis. The biological changes that are associated with ONH astrocyte reactivity could lead to withdrawal of trophic or metabolic support for optic nerve axons and cause their degeneration. Alternatively, the expression of @entity2359 molecules might be induced. Unfortunately, direct experimental in vivo evidence for these or other scenarios is currently lacking. The pathogenic processes that cause @entity528 at the ONH in @entity726 need to be identified before any regenerative therapy is likely to succeed. Several topics and emerging techniques should be pursued to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms that are behind @entity528 . Among them are: Advanced imaging techniques, the development of in vivo markers to identify @entity21 , the generation of molecular approaches for in vivo detection of mechanosensitivity and for molecular manipulation of the ONH, a more complete characterization of retinal ganglion cells, the use of organ cultures, 3D-bioprinting, and the engineering of microdevices that can measure pressure. Questions that need to be answered relate to the specific roles of astrogliosis, neuroinflammation, blood flow and intracranial pressure in @entity528 at the ONH.

title: Biological aspects of @entity21 in XXXX : A brief review.

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['Peripapillary sclera strain']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['axonal injury', 'axonal damage']

entities_list: @entity5692 :: ('MESH:D015422', 'Disease') :: ['peripapillary sclera']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['axonal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: The incidence of @entity3604 is lower in countries in the Mediterranean basin. Virgin olive oil, a key component of the Mediterranean Diet (MDiet), with recognised beneficial effects on metabolism and cardiovascular health, may decrease the risk of @entity3604 . The aim to this study was to explore the effect of chronic consumption of total olive oil and its varieties on the risk of @entity170 -related @entity174 in a middle-aged and elderly Mediterranean population. METHODS: We included all @entity1 (n  =  870) recruited in the Reus (Spain) centre of the PREvenci  n con DIeta MEDiterr  nea (PREDIMED) trial. Individuals, aged 55-80  years at high cardiovascular risk, were randomized to a MedDiet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil, a MedDiet supplemented with nuts, or a low-fat diet. The present analysis was an observational cohort study nested in the trial. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary habits and olive oil consumption. Information on total @entity3604 was obtained from a systematic review of medical records. The association between yearly repeated measurements of olive oil consumption and @entity174 risk was assessed by multivariate Cox proportional hazards. RESULTS: We documented 114 incident cases of @entity170 -related @entity174 during a median follow-up of 8.9 years. Treatment allocation had no effect on @entity174 risk. @entity1 in the highest tertile of extra-virgin olive oil consumption had a 51% lower risk of @entity174 (HR:0.49; 95% CI:0.29-0.81. P for trend  =  0.004) compared to those in the lowest tertile after adjusting for potential confounders. Total and @entity4135 oil consumption was not associated with @entity174 risk. CONCLUSIONS: Higher consumption of extra-virgin olive oil is associated with a lower risk of @entity170 -related @entity174 in middle-aged and elderly Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk.

title: Extra virgin olive oil consumption reduces the risk of XXXX in the PREDIMED trial.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fractures']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity4135 :: ('4146', 'Species') :: ['common olive']

answer: @entity3604 :: (MESH:D058866,Disease) :: ['osteoporotic fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Complete pathological resection of locally advanced or recurrent @entity5 is regarded as one of the most important determinants of oncological outcome. Disease in the lateral pelvic sidewall has been considered a contraindication for pelvic exenteration surgery owing to the significant likelihood of incomplete resection. METHODS: We describe a novel technique (ELSiE) to resect disease involving the lateral pelvic sidewall. @entity1 demographics, post-operative histology, length of hospital stay and complications were collected from prospectively maintained electronic @entity1 database. RESULTS: During 2011-2013, six @entity1 underwent pelvic exenteration surgery with the ELSiE approach. All @entity1 had R0 resection. Three @entity1 required sciatic nerve excision. Four @entity1 developed post-operative complications although no major complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with locally advanced and recurrent @entity5 involving the lateral pelvic sidewall may be rendered suitable for potentially curative radical resection with a modification in the approach to the lateral pelvic sidewall. Our pilot series seems to indicate that our novel technique (ELSiE) is feasible, safe and yields high rates of complete pathological resection.

title: Extended lateral pelvic sidewall excision (ELSiE): an approach to optimize complete resection rates in locally advanced or recurrent XXXX involving the pelvic sidewall.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal and anal cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['anorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Restenosis is a major complication that limits the long-term efficacy of coronary angioplasty. Migration and proliferation of activated medial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is considered an important mechanism in this process. Because at sites of @entity1317 , aggregating platelets release both @entity750 ( @entity750 ) and @entity2404 ( @entity3447 ), we examined whether @entity750 and @entity3447 can induce SMC proliferation and whether there is synergistic interaction between these two mediators. METHODS AND RESULTS: The mitogenic effects of @entity750 and @entity3447 either alone or in combination was examined in serum-free medium on @entity235 aortic SMCs by @entity665 incorporation into DNA and by cell counting. @entity750 induced SMC proliferation at a concentration of 100 nmol/L, whereas the effect of @entity3447 ( @entity2872 , a stable @entity3447 mimetic) on inducing proliferation of SMCs was observed at a concentration of 100 nmol/L. When these two mediators were added together, there was a synergistic interaction on inducing SMC proliferation even at subthreshold concentrations. The mitogenic effect of @entity750 and its synergistic interaction with @entity3447 on SMC proliferation was abolished by a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, @entity69839 , without affecting the contribution of @entity3447 . Similarly, the @entity3447 synthase inhibitor/receptor antagonist @entity18648 abolished the mitogenic effect of @entity3447 and the interaction between @entity750 and @entity3447 without affecting the response to @entity750 . When @entity69839 and @entity18648 were used together, they abolished the mitogenic effects of @entity750 and @entity3447 . CONCLUSIONS: At sites of @entity1317 , platelet-induced SMC proliferation may also be modulated by nonpeptide growth mediators. A combination of a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist and @entity3447 synthase inhibitor/receptor may be useful for attenuation of restenosis after angioplasty.

title: Effect of @entity750 , XXXX , and specific receptor antagonists on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.

entities_list: @entity2404 :: ('MESH:D013928', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane A2']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

answer: @entity2404 :: (MESH:D013928,Chemical) :: ['thromboxane A2']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Angiogenesis, formation of new capillary blood vessels, is crucial for gastroduodenal @entity1066 because it enables delivery of @entity26 and nutrients to the healing site. Because angiogenesis is stimulated by @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity3658 ( @entity3658 ), we studied whether local gene therapy with nonviral DNA encoding @entity7 and/or @entity3658 into the @entity1066 base could accelerate @entity1066 through enhanced angiogenesis. METHODS: Gastric ulcers were induced in @entity35 by @entity1543 applied to the serosal surface of the stomach, and the site around the @entity1066 was injected with nonviral plasmid-encoding full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) of @entity1 recombinant (rh) @entity1655 , rhAng1, or their combination. For some studies, neutralizing anti- @entity7 antibody was administered. RESULTS: Single local injection of plasmids encoding @entity1655 and @entity3658 significantly increased @entity2295 and accelerated @entity1066 . A neutralizing anti- @entity7 antibody significantly reduced the acceleration of @entity1066 resulting from the treatment. Coinjection of both plasmids encoding rhVEGF165 and rhAng1 resulted in formation of more mature vessels and to more complete restoration of gastric glandular structures within the @entity1066 . However, this did not result in further reduction of @entity1066 size. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 and @entity3658 gene therapy, with limited duration of target gene expression, significantly accelerates gastric @entity1066 . Coinjection of both plasmids leads to more complete structural restoration. Inhibition of accelerated healing by a neutralizing anti- @entity7 antibody indicates an essential role for @entity7 and enhanced angiogenesis in @entity1066 .

title: Gene therapy for gastric ulcers with single local injection of naked DNA encoding @entity7 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer scar', 'ulcer healing']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

answer: @entity3658 :: (284,Gene) :: ['angiopoietin-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Painful procedures are common in the @entity2613 setting and beyond. Although these procedures are often essential to @entity1 management, they can also be distressing for @entity1 , parents, and health providers. As such, it is imperative that effective @entity158 and @entity148 -minimizing strategies be used consistently in all settings where @entity158 procedures take place for @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: This review article aims to provide a summary of several strategies, which are supported by definitive and systematically reviewed evidence, that can be implemented alone or in combination to reduce procedural @entity158 and @entity148 for @entity1 in the @entity2613 and beyond. RESULTS: For neonates, breastfeeding, nonnutritive sucking, swaddling, and @entity969 administration have all been shown to decrease @entity158 during @entity158 interventions. For neonates, venipuncture is much less @entity158 than heel lance for blood draws. For @entity1 , there is some support for @entity969 use. For @entity1 and older @entity1 , there is strong evidence for distraction techniques. In addition, the use of fast-acting topical anesthetic creams as an alternative or adjunct to infiltrating anesthetic before laceration repair or vascular access/venipuncture is recommended. Further, buffering of @entity3303 can decrease @entity158 during injection. Lastly, if a laceration is amenable to the use of tissue adhesive, this should be preferentially used. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, there currently remains a knowledge-to-practice gap in the treatment of @entity1 's procedure-related @entity158 . This article has identified multiple age-specific methods to improve the treatment of procedural @entity158 . These simple interventions can improve the care provided to ill and injured @entity1 .

title: An Evidence-Based Approach to Minimizing Acute Procedural XXXX in the Emergency Department and Beyond.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity28 and associated @entity209 are related to impairments of the intestinal barrier. OBJECTIVE: We examined @entity11884 : @entity2656 (Lac: @entity1 ) permeability in @entity28 individuals with and without @entity1560 undergoing a weight-reduction program to test whether an effective weight-loss program improves gut barrier function and whether @entity28 @entity1 with or without @entity1560 differ in this function. DESIGN: Twenty-seven adult, nondiabetic individuals [mean    SD body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)): 43.7    5.2; 78% with moderate or severe @entity1560 ] were included in the follow-up intervention study (n = 13 by month 12). All @entity1 reduced their weight to a mean    SD BMI of 36.4    5.1 within 12 mo. We assessed barrier functions by the oral Lac: @entity1 and the fecal zonulin tests. @entity2690 resistance was assessed by the homeostatic model assessment index (HOMA), and @entity1560 by sonography and the @entity1560 index (FLI). RESULTS: The Lac: @entity1 ratio and circulating @entity650 concentration decreased during intervention from 0.080 (95% CI: 0.073, 0.093) to 0.027 (95% CI: 0.024, 0.034; P < 0.001) and from 4.2    1.4 to 2.8    1.6 pg/mL (P < 0.01), respectively. At study start, the Lac: @entity1 ratio was higher in @entity1 with moderate or severe @entity1560 than in those without any @entity1560 (P < 0.001). The Lac: @entity1 ratio tended to correlate with HOMA (   = 0.55, P = 0.052), which correlated with FLI (   = 0.75, P < 0.01). A multiple-regression analysis led to a final model explaining FLI best through BMI, waist circumference, and the Lac: @entity1 ratio. CONCLUSIONS: Intestinal permeability is increased in @entity28 @entity1 with @entity1560 compared with @entity28 @entity1 without. The increased permeability fell to within the previously reported normal range after @entity353 . The data suggest that a leaky gut barrier is linked with @entity1560 and could be a new target for future @entity1560 therapies. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01344525.

title: Gut permeability is related to body weight, fatty liver disease, and XXXX resistance in @entity28 individuals undergoing @entity353 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Man']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity11884 :: ('MESH:D007792', 'Chemical') :: ['lactulose']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['liver steatosis', 'steatosis', 'fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether changes in serum @entity413 , serum @entity972 , and plasma @entity2690 levels are correlated in a cohort of @entity101 @entity1 . DESIGN: Prespecified subgroup analysis of results from a prospective, multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel-group study. Setting. Primary care clinics at three tertiary care medical centers. @entity1 : Community-based ambulatory population of 202 @entity1 (age range 17-65 yrs) with a new diagnosis of @entity101 , untreated @entity101 , or known @entity101 , who were previously treated with fewer than three antihypertensive drugs and had no evidence of @entity65 or @entity6 . Intervention. Monotherapy with oral @entity918 12.5 or 25 mg/day for 9 weeks. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Fasting serum @entity413 , serum @entity972 , and plasma @entity2690 levels were obtained at baseline (before @entity918 therapy was started) and after 9 weeks of therapy. Significant elevations were noted in fasting serum @entity413 (mean +/- SD 3.42 +/- 10.38 mg/dl, p<0.0001) and plasma @entity2690 (2.35 +/- 9.47 microU/ml, p<0.0001) levels, and a significant reduction in serum @entity972 level (0.30 +/- 0.44 mEq/L, p<0.0001) was noted. No significant correlation was observed between changes in fasting serum @entity413 and @entity972 levels (r = 0.022, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.120-0.164, p=0.757) or between changes in serum @entity972 and plasma @entity2690 levels (r = -0.112, 95% CI -0.256-0.037, p=0.140). Changes in serum @entity413 levels did not differ significantly between patients maintaining serum @entity972 levels of 4.0 mEq/L or greater and those with levels below 4.0 mEq/L. CONCLUSION: Changes in serum @entity972 and serum @entity413 levels were not correlated in individuals receiving @entity918 monotherapy; thus maintenance of normal @entity972 levels may not attenuate the risk of @entity6662 diuretic-induced @entity4854 .

title: Lack of correlation between XXXX -induced @entity4854 and hypokalemia: subgroup analysis of results from the pharmacogenomic evaluation of antihypertensive responses (PEAR) study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6662 :: (D049971,Chemical) :: ['thiazide']


abstract: @entity599 mustard (SM) induces vesication via poorly understood pathways. The blisters that are formed result primarily from the detachment of the epidermis from the dermis at the level of the basement membrane. In addition, there is @entity137 to the basal cells, although no careful study has been performed to determine the precise mode of cell death biochemically. We describe here two potential mechanisms by which SM causes basal cell death and detachment: namely, induction of terminal differentiation and apoptosis. In the presence of 100 microM SM, terminal differentiation was rapidly induced in primary @entity1 keratinocytes that included the expression of the differentiation-specific markers K1 and @entity7434 and the cross-linking of the cornified envelope precursor protein involucrin. The expression of the attachment protein, fibronectin, was also reduced in a time- and dose-dependent fashion. Features common to both differentiation and apoptosis were also induced in 100 microM SM, including the rapid induction of @entity876 and the reduction of @entity588 . At higher concentrations of SM (i.e., 300 microM), formation of the characteristic nucleosome-sized DNA ladders, TUNEL-positive staining of cells, activation of the @entity462 protease @entity522 / @entity522 , and cleavage of the death substrate @entity12874 polymerase, were observed both in vivo and in vitro. Both the differentiation and the apoptotic processes appeared to be calmodulin dependent, because the calmodulin inhibitor @entity28397 blocked the expression of the differentiation-specific markers, as well as the apoptotic response, in a concentration-dependent fashion. In addition, the intracellular @entity141 chelator, @entity11008 , blocked the differentiation response and attenuated the apoptotic response. These results suggest a strategy for designing inhibitors of SM vesication via the @entity141 -calmodulin or @entity522 / @entity12982 pathway.

title: @entity599 mustard induces markers of terminal differentiation and apoptosis in keratinocytes via a XXXX -calmodulin and caspase-dependent pathway.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity12874 :: ('MESH:D011064', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(ADP-ribose)']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Waterpipe @entity286 smoking is a global health concern. Laboratory research has focused on individual waterpipe users while group use is common. This study examined user toxicant exposure and smoke toxicant yield associated with individual and group waterpipe smoking. METHODS: Twenty-two pairs of waterpipe smokers used a waterpipe individually and as a dyad. Before and after smoking, blood was sampled and expired @entity1223 (CO) measured; puff topography was recorded throughout. One @entity1 from each pair was selected randomly and their plasma @entity1239 and expired air CO concentrations were compared when smoking alone to when smoking as part of a dyad. Recorded puff topography was used to machine-produce smoke that was analyzed for toxicant content. RESULTS: There was no difference in mean plasma @entity1239 concentration when an individual smoked as part of a dyad (mean = 14.9ng/ml; standard error of the mean [SEM] = 3.0) compared to when smoking alone (mean = 10.0ng/ml; @entity8448 .5). An individual smoking as part of as a dyad had, on average, lower CO (mean = 15.8 ppm; SEM = 2.0) compared to when smoking alone (mean= 21.3 ppm; SEM = 2.7). When two @entity1 smoked as a dyad they took, on average, more puffs (mean = 109.8; SEM = 7.6) than a singleton smoker (mean = 77.7; SEM = 8.1) and a shorter interpuff interval (IPI; dyad mean = 23.8 seconds; @entity8448 .9; singleton mean = 40.8 seconds; SEM = 4.8). Higher concentrations of several toxicants were observed in dyad-produced smoke. DISCUSSION: Dyad smoking may increase smoke toxicant content, likely due to the dyad's shorter IPIs and greater puff number. More work is needed to understand if group waterpipe smoking alters the health risks of waterpipe @entity286 smoking. IMPLICATIONS: This study is the first to measure toxicants in smoke generated from a waterpipe when used by a dyad. Relative to smoke generated by a singleton, dyad smoke had higher concentration of some toxicants. These differences may be attributed to differences in puffing behavior, specifically the shorter IPI and greater puff number observed in the @entity558 . Relative to singleton smokers, dyad smokers were exposed to less CO, but @entity1239 exposure did not differ. More work is needed to assess the health effects of inhalation of more toxicant-laden smoke during group waterpipe use.

title: Group Waterpipe XXXX Smoking Increases Smoke Toxicant Concentration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['dyad condition']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['Tobacco']


abstract: Background: @entity31 ( @entity31 ) can be treated with surgery or medications. @entity1 often must choose between long-term immunosuppressant therapy or total colectomy. Whether one of these treatment approaches has a mortality benefit is uncertain. Objective: To determine whether @entity1 with advanced @entity31 treated with elective colectomy have improved survival compared with those treated with medical therapy. Design: Retrospective matched cohort study. Setting: Data from all 50 states for Medicaid beneficiaries (2000 to 2005), Medicare beneficiaries (2006 to 2011), and dual-eligible @entity1 (2000 to 2011). @entity1 : 830 @entity1 with @entity31 pursuing elective colectomy and 7541 matched @entity1 with @entity31 pursuing medical therapy. Measurements: The primary outcome was time to @entity204 . Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare the survival of @entity1 with advanced @entity31 treated with elective colectomy or medical therapy. The models controlled for significant comorbid conditions through matched and adjusted analysis. Results: The mortality rates associated with elective surgery and medical therapy were 34 and 54 deaths per 1000 @entity1 -years, respectively. Elective colectomy was associated with improved survival compared with long-term medical therapy (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.67 [95% CI, 0.52 to 0.87]), although this result did not remain statistically significant in all sensitivity analyses. Post hoc analysis by age group showed improved survival with surgery in @entity1 aged 50 years or older with advanced @entity31 (HR, 0.60 [CI, 0.45 to 0.79]; P   = 0.032 for age-by-treatment interaction). Limitations: Retrospective nonrandomized analysis is subject to residual confounding. The source cohort was derived from different databases throughout the study. Sensitivity and secondary analyses had reduced statistical power. Conclusion: Elective colectomy seemed to be associated with improved survival relative to medical therapy among @entity1 aged 50 years or older with advanced @entity31 . Primary Funding Source: National Institutes of Health and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

title: Mortality Associated With Medical Therapy Versus Elective Colectomy in XXXX : A Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'person', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['UC', 'Ulcerative colitis']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['Ulcerative Colitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the clinical manifestations of @entity5278 presumed to be secondary to allogenic bone marrow transplantation after development of self-tolerance to @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ). METHODS:                 <AbstractText Label="CASE REPORT" NlmCategory="METHODS">A 17-year-old male who received an allogenic bone marrow transplant (BMT) from his HLA-identical sister. RESULTS: One year after BMT, grade II chronic @entity2132 developed. Two years later, vision deteriorated to 20/50 R.E. and 20/400 L.E. Ophthalmoscopic examination showed multiple chorioretinal punched-out scars throughout the posterior pole and mid-periphery of both eyes. Fluorescein angiography showed four @entity1940 ( @entity1940 ) in the right eye that were surgically removed, and a @entity735 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity5278 is a possible complication related to allogenic BMT. It should be included as a late cause of BMT-associated choroidopathy. Surgical removal of vision-threatening @entity1940 is a reasonable approach. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2002; 12: 135-7).

title: XXXX after allogenic bone marrow transplantation.

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['subfoveal disciform scar in the left eye']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['CNVMs', 'choroidal neovascular membranes']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'chronic graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity5278 :: ('MESH:C537374', 'Disease') :: ['Multifocal choroiditis', 'multifocal choroiditis']

answer: @entity5278 :: (MESH:C537374,Disease) :: ['Multifocal choroiditis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In response to @entity281 , @entity1 with @entity2246 may develop a functional deterioration termed metabolic decompensation. The biochemical hallmarks of this disruption of metabolic homeostasis are disease specific and may include @entity520 , @entity3263 or @entity4053 . In a model system previously published by our group, we noted that during @entity281 , @entity19 displayed a @entity308 in hepatic mitochondrial enzymes involved in @entity1568 metabolism. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that this normal adaptation may extend to other metabolic pathways, and as such, may impact various @entity2246 . Since the liver is a critical organ in @entity2246 , we carried out untargeted metabolomic profiling of livers using mass spectrometry in C57Bl/6 @entity19 infected with @entity683 to characterize metabolic adaptation. Pathway analysis of metabolomic data revealed reductions in CoA synthesis, and long chain fatty @entity8595 and @entity6211 species. These metabolic adaptations coincided with a @entity308 in hepatic long chain b-oxidation mRNA and protein. To our surprise, the metabolic changes observed occurred in conjunction with a hepatic innate immune response, as demonstrated by transcriptional profiling and flow cytometry. By employing an immunomodulation strategy to deplete Kupffer cells, we were able to improve the expression of multiple genes involved in b-oxidation. Based on these findings, we are the first to suggest that the role of the liver as an immunologic organ is central in the pathophysiology of hepatic metabolic decompensation in @entity2246 due to @entity1729 .

title: Kupffer cells modulate hepatic fatty acid oxidation during XXXX with PR8 @entity683 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity6211 :: ('MESH:D002331', 'Chemical') :: ['carnitine']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'influenza infection']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory viral infection']

entities_list: @entity3263 :: ('MESH:D022124', 'Disease') :: ['hyperammonemia']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['inborn errors of metabolism']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: The French Renal Epidemiology and Information Network (REIN) registry began in 2002 to provide a tool for public health decision support, evaluation and research related to renal replacement therapies (RRT) for @entity454 ( @entity454 ). It relies on a network of nephrologists, epidemiologists, @entity1 and public health representatives, coordinated regionally and nationally. Continuous registration covers all dialysis and transplanted @entity1 . In 2003, 2070 @entity1 started RRT, 7854 were on dialysis and 7294 lived with a functioning graft in seven regions (with a population of 16.5 million @entity1 ). The overall crude annual incidence rate of RRT for @entity454 was 123 per million population (p.m.p.) with significant differences in age-adjusted rates across regions, from 84 [95% confidence interval (CI): 74-94] to 155 [138-172] p.m.p. The principal causes of @entity454 were @entity101 (21%) and @entity6 (20%) @entity8 . Initial treatment for @entity454 was peritoneal dialysis for 15% of @entity1 and a pre-emptive graft for 3%. The one-year survival rate was 81% [79-83] in the cohort of 2002-2003 incident @entity1 . As of December 31, 2003, the overall crude prevalence was 898 [884-913] p.m.p, with 5% of @entity1 receiving peritoneal dialysis, 47% on haemodialysis and 48% with a functioning graft. The experience in these seven regions over these two years clearly shows the feasibility of the REIN registry, which is progressively expanding to cover the entire country.

title: The renal epidemiology and information network (REIN): a new registry for XXXX in France.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathies']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end-stage renal disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The relationship between plasma level of total @entity1255 (tHcy) and @entity62 ( @entity62 ), especially in @entity1 with @entity64 ( @entity64 ), is controversial. The present study investigated the association between these two as well as WMH locations in a large cohort of @entity1 with @entity64 . METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 were reviewed from a prospective @entity385 database. Clinical data, including tHcy level and @entity62 , were assessed. @entity62 were assessed using the Fazekas scale and Age-Related White Matter Changes (ARWMC) visual grading scale. The association between tHcy and WMH locations was investigated by using multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: A total of 923 out of 1,205 @entity1 were examined. The average age was 58.9    11.9 years; 31.6% were female. Elevated tHcy level was significantly associated with @entity62 . For the highest tHcy quartile, the odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval; CI) was 1.891 (1.257; 2.843) according to the Fazekas scale and 1.781 (1.185; 2.767) according to the ARWMC scale when compared to the lowest quartile. However, in a subgroup analysis, only @entity62 in the periventricular area and left or right frontal areas were found to be independently associated with tHcy level. For the highest tHcy quartile, the OR (95% CI) was 1.761 (1.172; 2.648) for the periventricular @entity62 , 1.768 (1.134; 2.756)for the left frontal @entity62 , and 1.890 (1.206; 2.960)for the right frontal @entity62 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity64 , plasma tHcy level is related to @entity62 , especially @entity62 distributed within the periventricular and frontal areas.

title: @entity1255 Level Is Associated with White Matter Hyperintensity Locations in @entity1 with Acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute ischemic stroke', 'AIS']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['WMHs', 'white matter hyperintensities']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Shared decision making is endorsed by critical care organizations; however, there remains @entity911 about what shared decision making is, when it should be used, and approaches to promote partnerships in treatment decisions. The purpose of this statement is to define shared decision making, recommend when shared decision making should be used, identify the range of ethically acceptable decision-making models, and present important communication skills. DESIGN: The American College of Critical Care Medicine and American @entity1514 Society Ethics Committees reviewed empirical research and normative analyses published in peer-reviewed journals to generate recommendations. Recommendations approved by consensus of the full Ethics Committees of American College of Critical Care Medicine and American @entity1514 Society were included in the statement. MAIN RESULTS: Six recommendations were endorsed: 1) Definition: Shared decision making is a collaborative process that allows @entity1 , or their surrogates, and clinicians to make healthcare decisions together, taking into account the best scientific evidence available, as well as the @entity1 's values, goals, and preferences. 2) Clinicians should engage in a shared decision making process to define overall goals of care (including decisions regarding limiting or withdrawing life-prolonging interventions) and when making major treatment decisions that may be affected by personal values, goals, and preferences. 3) Clinicians should use as their "default" approach a shared decision making process that includes three main elements: information exchange, deliberation, and making a treatment decision. 4) A wide range of decision-making approaches are ethically supportable, including @entity1 - or surrogate-directed and clinician-directed models. Clinicians should tailor the decision-making process based on the preferences of the @entity1 or surrogate. 5) Clinicians should be trained in communication skills. 6) Research is needed to evaluate decision-making strategies. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 and surrogate preferences for decision-making roles regarding value-laden choices range from preferring to exercise significant authority to ceding such authority to providers. Clinicians should adapt the decision-making model to the needs and preferences of the @entity1 or surrogate.

title: Shared Decision Making in ICUs: An American College of Critical Care Medicine and American XXXX Society Policy Statement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

answer: @entity1514 :: (MESH:D013896,Disease) :: ['Thoracic']


abstract: @entity1735 ligands for lymphocyte @entity1196 are expressed on high endothelial venules (HEVs) in peripheral lymph nodes and sites of chronic @entity32 and mediate the recruitment of lymphocytes from the blood into these tissues. In the @entity19 , these ligands, collectively termed the peripheral lymph node addressin (PNAd), have been shown to contain @entity3953 , @entity3167 , and @entity597 and to include several @entity4973 glycoproteins including GlyCAM-1, @entity2280 , and MAdCAM-1. Monoclonal antibody (MAb) @entity12688 , which binds a @entity597 -dependent epitope, recognizes PNAd in both @entity19 and @entity1 . In @entity1 , only @entity2280 has been identified among the glycoprotein species that react with @entity12688 . Although @entity8729 is highly expressed in tonsil HEVs, it was not found to react with @entity12688 or to support @entity1196 -mediated lymphocyte rolling. To further characterize @entity1 PNAd, MAbs were developed against purified PNAd immunoisolated from @entity1 tonsil. MAbs JG-1, JG-5, JG-9, and JG-10, like @entity12688 , bind HEVs in @entity1 tonsil and react similarly in Western blots, and JG-9 and JG-10 also block lymphocyte rolling on purified PNAd. In addition, by competitive ELISA on purified tonsil PNAd, all MAbs were found to react with overlapping epitopes. However, JG-1, JG-5, JG-9, and JG-10 do not recognize @entity19 PNAd, and unlike @entity12688 , they recognize determinants that are sensitive to neuraminidase. Strikingly, the epitope recognized by JG-1, although abundant in tonsil and peripheral lymph node, is absent from appendix @entity2101 in some samples of chronically inflamed skin, even though these HEVs are @entity12688 reactive. Moreover, although JG-5 and JG-9 react well with tonsil, peripheral lymph node, and inflamed skin HEVs, they react only with occasional endothelial cells in appendix tissues. These findings point to significant diversity in the @entity1735 determinants expressed by HEVs and recognized by @entity1196 and demonstrate their differential representation in different sites in vivo. These antibodies should be useful in probing the precise structure of @entity1 @entity1196 ligands.

title: Complexity and differential expression of @entity1735 epitopes associated with XXXX recognition of high endothelial venules.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'man']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3167 :: ('MESH:D019158', 'Chemical') :: ['sialic acid']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbohydrate', 'carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['HEVs or HEVs']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity1196 :: (6402,Gene) :: ['L-selectin']


abstract: We investigated the relative importance of environmental factors versus host phenotype in determining parasite prevalence in @entity34770 ( @entity34770 ). One hundred and forty-three fecal samples of 116 different squirrels collected in 2000 and 2001 from five study areas in the Italian Alps, were examined for intestinal protozoans. Two species of Eimeria were present with a medium to high prevalence in both years and in all areas, while two other species were rare, occurring only in some areas and not in all years. @entity2432 had a high prevalence in the two study areas of the Western Alps, while in the three areas of the Central Alps it was recorded only once. The prevalence of Eimeria sciurorum and @entity2432 fluctuated in parallel with squirrel density, suggesting a possible correlation between the presence of these protozoans and host density. A gender effect on E. sciurorum prevalence at low density could be explained by different space use patterns and social organization of males and females. @entity2432 occurred more frequently in young squirrels, suggesting an acquired immunity in adults, but age-related susceptibility was not found for eimerian species. The coccidian community was more similar within than between regions, and study area and year were key parameters in predicting @entity281 . There was no evidence of competition between coccidian species, but one positive interaction between E. sciurorum and E. andrewsi was observed. Our results suggest that the effects of geographic region, area features, and year effects probably related to fluctuations in host population density, were more important than individual phenotypic host characteristics in structuring the coccidian assemblage and determining levels of parasite prevalence in @entity34770 populations.

title: Prevalence of coccidia parasites (Protozoa) in XXXX ( @entity34770 ): effects of host phenotype and environmental factors.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['coccidia infection']

entities_list: @entity2432 :: ('5807', 'Species') :: ['Cryptosporidium parvum', 'C. parvum']

entities_list: @entity34770 :: ('55149', 'Species') :: ['Eurasian red squirrels', 'Sciurus vulgaris', 'red squirrel']

answer: @entity34770 :: (55149,Species) :: ['red squirrels']


abstract: Appropriate @entity1 selection for active surveillance is challenging.Our study of 217 @entity1 demonstrated that the preoperative absolute neutrophil and lymphocyte counts were better predictors of aggressive oncologic features than were the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in the assessment of low-risk @entity263 @entity1 . Our findings suggest that routine hematologic workup could be used to further stratify low-risk @entity263 @entity1 . INTRODUCTION: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has emerged as a ubiquitous prognostic biomarker in @entity5 , specifically in @entity1 with metastatic castration-resistant @entity263 ( @entity263 ). We evaluated the clinical utility of the preoperative NLR, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), and @entity6660 ( @entity6660 ) as a risk stratification tool for @entity1 with low-risk @entity263 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified 217 low-risk @entity263 @entity1 with preoperative hematologic data who had met the criteria for active surveillance but had undergone robot-assisted radical prostatectomy at our institution from 2006 to 2015. @entity2357 models were constructed to determine whether the baseline NLR, ANC, and @entity6660 were associated with upstaging, upgrading, and biochemical recurrence (BCR). Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: On multivariate analysis, a higher prostate-specific antigen level (odds ratio [OR], 1.554; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.148-2.104), a greater number of positive cores (OR, 2.098; 95% CI, 1.043-2.104), and a higher @entity6660 (OR, 4.311; 95% CI, 1.258-14.770) were associated with upstaging. More importantly, the 5-year biochemical recurrence-free survival was significantly lower in the high ANC group (ANC > 4.0 * 10(9)/L) compared with that of the low ANC group (P = .011). The NLR was not associated with upstaging, upgrading, or BCR in our study cohort (P = .368, P = .573, and P = .504, respectively). The only significant association with upgrading was @entity1 age (OR, 1.106; 95% CI, 1.043-1.173). CONCLUSION: NLR was not useful in predicting adverse pathologic outcomes in our @entity1 with low-risk @entity263 . However, relative @entity4795 might indicate an early manifestation of harboring a more aggressive @entity263 .

title: Neutrophil and Lymphocyte Counts as Clinical Markers for Stratifying Low-Risk XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PCa']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-related inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Logistic regression']

entities_list: @entity6660 :: ('MESH:D009845', 'Disease') :: ['ALC', 'absolute lymphocyte count']

entities_list: @entity4795 :: ('MESH:C563010', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophilia and lymphocytosis']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the occurrence of @entity566 -like reactions at angiography, repeated several times, and, secondly, to evaluate the effect of prophylactic treatment in individuals who had earlier experienced such reactions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and fifty-seven @entity1 with hypercholesterolaemia, participating in the Probucol Quantitative Regression Swedish Trial (PQRST), underwent aortofemoral angiography with @entity7567 (Hexabrix) repeated annually for 3 years. @entity56 to the contrast medium were recorded. At the following angiographies, all @entity1 who had earlier experienced such reactions were treated prophylactically with @entity230 and antihistamine. RESULTS: @entity56 were observed in 35 @entity1 . Twelve reacted only year 0, 3 only year 1, 5 only year 2 and 6 only year 3. Eight @entity1 had at least one reaction also when treated prophylactically. It was significantly (p<0.05) more common to react at year 0 but not at year 1 than to react at year 1 but not at year 0. At years 1, 2 and 3 the frequency of reactions was significantly greater in the group given prophylactic treatment than in the group without any earlier reaction at all: 8/20 versus 3/137, 4/23 versus 6/134, and 6/29 versus 6/128, respectively. CONCLUSION: Some individuals had an increased risk of an @entity566 -like reaction to the contrast agent. Prophylactic treatment reduced the risk of renewed reactions, but not to the same level as for those without earlier reaction. Nevertheless, individuals who have had earlier reactions can be investigated in the future, with prophylactic treatment.

title: XXXX at repeat femoral angiography with ioxaglate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7567 :: ('MESH:D007485', 'Chemical') :: ['ioxaglate']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['Allergic reactions']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: One of the main neurochemical systems associated with @entity148 / @entity4697 is the serotonergic system originating from the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR). Previous evidence suggests that the DR is composed of distinct subpopulations of neurons, both morphologically and functionally distinct. It seems that mainly the @entity27202 ( @entity27202 ) regulates @entity148 -related reactions, while lateral wings DR (lwDR) @entity750 ( @entity750 ) neurons inhibit @entity4697 -related responses. In this study we used the technique of deep brain stimulation (DBS) to investigate the role played by the @entity27202 and lwDR in defense. Male @entity35 were submitted to high-frequency stimulation (100 A, 100Hz) in one of the two DR regions for 1h and immediately after tested in the avoidance or escape tasks of the elevated T-maze (ETM). In clinical terms, these responses have been related to generalized @entity148 and @entity4697 , respectively. After being submitted to the ETM, animals were placed in an open field for locomotor activity assessment. An additional group of @entity35 was submitted to DBS of the @entity27202 or the lwDR and used for quantification of @entity5019 immunoreactive ( @entity5019 -ir) neurons in brain regions related to the modulation of defense. Results showed that stimulation of the @entity27202 decreased avoidance latencies, an anxiolytic-like effect. @entity27202 stimulation also led to increases in @entity5019 -ir in the medial amygdala, lateral septum and cingulate cortex. DBS applied to the lwDR increased escape latencies, a panicolytic-like effect. This data highlights the importance of raphe topography and the potential benefit of the DBS technique for the treatment of @entity148 .

title: Deep brain stimulation of the dorsal raphe inhibits avoidance and escape reactions and activates forebrain regions related to the modulation of XXXX / @entity4697 .

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic', 'panic disorder']

entities_list: @entity27202 :: ('MESH:C538109', 'Disease') :: ['DRD', 'dorsal region of the DR']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety-related disorders', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Wistar rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the pattern of extraocular muscle (EOM) paresis in incomplete @entity2895 (3NP) that have normal pupillary function. METHODS: A retrospective study in a private practice and academic neuro-ophthalmic practice. @entity1 diagnosed with vasculopathic 3NP within 4 weeks of symptom onset were identified. The chart of each @entity1 was reviewed to determine pupillary function and the pattern and degree of EOM and levator palpebrae paresis at the time of presentation. RESULTS: Of 55 @entity1 with vasculopathic 3NP, 42 (76%) had normal pupillary function. Of these 42, 23 (55%) demonstrated an @entity121 , defined as partially reduced ductions affecting all third nerve-innervated EOMs and levator (diffuse pattern) or partially reduced ductions that involved only some third nerve-innervated EOMs and levator (focal pattern). Twenty (87%) of these 23 @entity1 showed a diffuse pattern of paresis; only three (13%) showed a focal pattern of paresis, one that affected only the superior rectus and levator muscles (superior division weakness). CONCLUSIONS: Based on our series, most @entity1 with EOM/levator involvement in pupil-sparing, incomplete 3NP of vasculopathic origin have a diffuse pattern of paresis. In contrast, our review of the literature suggests that pupil-sparing 3NP of aneurysmal origin usually have a focal pattern of paresis. We propose that distinguishing these two patterns of EOM paresis may be helpful in differentiating between @entity439 . Future studies will be needed to confirm the clinical utility of this hypothesis.

title: Patterns of extraocular muscle weakness in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['vasculopathic and aneurysmal 3NP']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete EOM palsy']

entities_list: @entity2895 :: ('MESH:D015840', 'Disease') :: ['vasculopathic third nerve palsies']

answer: @entity2895 :: (MESH:D015840,Disease) :: ['vasculopathic pupil-sparing, incomplete third nerve palsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A definitive role for allergen-specific IgG4 as either an anaphylactic or a blocking antibody, or both, remains controversial. OBJECTIVE: A population of 148 workers from two condenser plants (A and B) using @entity990 resin with @entity33380 ( @entity33381 ) was studied to evaluate the significance of @entity33381 -specific IgG4 antibody. METHODS: The workers were evaluated through questionnaire and serological investigations. RESULTS: Ninety-seven (66%) of the currently exposed workers had positive @entity33381 -specific IgE. IgE-sensitized workers in each plant had significantly more eye and nose complaints than unsensitized workers (P < 0.03). As the result of multiple logistic analysis, specific IgE antibodies was the most important predictor of work-related symptoms and its effect was greater than that of specific IgG4 (odds ratio 16.7 and 3.68, respectively). These indicate an IgE-mediated mechanism in most cases of work-related symptoms associated with @entity33381 exposure. However, it cannot be denied that specific IgG4 is an anaphylactic antibody. Furthermore, IgE-sensitized workers in these plants displayed work-related symptoms despite the presence of specific IgG4. The frequency of positive specific IgG4 in continuously exposed workers was significantly (P < 0.02) higher in plant A than in plant B, reflecting the difference of the @entity33381 levels between the two plants. In plant A, the frequency of positive specific IgG4 was significantly (P < 0.002) higher in continuously exposed workers than in intermittently exposed workers. Multiple regression analysis also confirmed that plant and exposure style contributed significantly (P < 0.01) to the determination of specific IgG4 levels. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that work-related eye and nasal symptoms are likely to be IgE-mediated, and that specific IgG4 may reflect the intensity of @entity33381 exposure and may not act as a blocking antibody.

title: The significance of specific IgG4 antibodies to XXXX in occupationally exposed subjects.

entities_list: @entity33380 :: ('MESH:C088343', 'Chemical') :: ['methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride']

answer: @entity33380 :: (MESH:C088343,Chemical) :: ['methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride']


abstract: Left ventricular (LV) @entity715 can be found in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ). No wide multicenter trial on @entity583 has provided information about LV @entity715 until now. The protocol of the GISSI-3 study included the search for the presence of LV @entity715 in @entity1 from 200 coronary care units that did not specifically focus on LV @entity715 . We examined the GISSI-3 database results related to 8,326 @entity1 at low to medium risk for LV thrombi in which a predischarge echocardiogram (9 +/- 5 days) was available. LV @entity715 was found in 427 @entity1 (5.1%): 292 of 2,544 @entity1 (11.5%) with anterior @entity583 and in 135 of 5,782 @entity1 (2.3%) with @entity583 in other sites (p <0.0001). The incidence of LV @entity715 was higher in @entity1 with ejection fraction < or = 40% (151 of 1,432 [10.5%] vs 276 of 6,894 [4%]; p <0.0001) both in the total population and in the subgroup with anterior @entity583 (106 of 597 [17.8%] vs 186 of 1,947 [9.6%]; p <0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that only the Killip class > I and early intravenous beta-blocker administration were independently associated with higher LV @entity715 risk in the subgroup of @entity1 with anterior @entity583 (odds ratio 1.75, 95% confidence interval 1.28 to 2.39; odds ratio 1.32, 95% confidence interval 1.02 to 1.72, respectively). In @entity1 with anterior @entity583 , oral beta-blocker therapy given or not given after early intravenous beta-blocker administration does not influence the occurrence of LV @entity715 . The rate of LV @entity715 was similar in @entity1 treated or not treated with @entity3362 and @entity3593 both in the total population and in @entity1 with anterior and nonanterior @entity583 . In conclusion, in the GISSI-3 population at low to medium risk for LV thrombi, the highest rate of occurrence of LV @entity715 was found among @entity1 with anterior @entity583 and an ejection fraction < 40%. Killip class > I and the early intravenous beta-blocker administration were the only variables independently associated with a higher predischarge incidence of LV @entity715 after anterior @entity583 .

title: Predischarge two-dimensional echocardiographic evaluation of XXXX after @entity583 in the GISSI-3 study.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

entities_list: @entity3593 :: ('MESH:D017706', 'Chemical') :: ['lisinopril']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['left ventricular thrombosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity712 due to @entity583 ( @entity583 ) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. We found previously that A83-01, a TGFbRI inhibitor, could facilitate cardiac repair in post- @entity583 @entity19 and induce the expansion of a @entity39756   +   cardiomyoblast population. This study aimed to investigate the key autocrine/paracrine factors regulated by @entity24204 in the injured heart and the mechanism of cardioprotection by this molecule. Using a previously described transgenic @entity39756 enhancer-green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter @entity19 , we isolated cardiac progenitor cells (CPC) including @entity39756 -GFP   +   ( @entity39756 +), @entity3513 +, and @entity39756 +/ @entity3513   +   cells. A83-01 was found to induce proliferation of these three subpopulations mainly through increasing @entity181 expression in the @entity13438 / @entity13436 -dependent pathway. @entity181 , encoded by @entity181 , could also directly proliferate @entity39756   +   cells and enhance cultured cardiomyocytes viability. A83-01 could also reverse the downregulation of @entity181 in postinjured @entity19 hearts (n   =   6) to expand CPCs. Moreover, the increased @entity18500 in postinjured hearts could decrease CPCs, which could be reversed by A83-01 via inhibiting @entity26216 and @entity5104 -induced signaling protein 1 expressions in CPCs. Next, we used inducible aMHC-cre/mTmG @entity19 to label cardiomyocytes with GFP and nonmyocytes with RFP. We found A83-01 preserved more GFP   +   myocytes (68.6%        3.1% vs. 80.9%        3.0%; p   <   .05, n   =   6) and fewer renewed RFP   +   myocytes (0.026%        0.005% vs. 0.062%        0.008%; p   <   .05, n   =   6) in parallel with @entity299 in @entity3044 -injected @entity19 treated with A83-01. TGFbRI inhibition in an injured adult heart could both stimulate the autocrine/paracrine activity of @entity181 and inhibit Wnt in CPCs to mediate cardioprotection and improve cardiac function. Stem Cells 2015.

title: Cardioprotective Actions of TGFbRI Inhibition Through Stimulating Autocrine/Paracrine of XXXX and Inhibiting Wnt in Cardiac Progenitors.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Heart failure']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['less cardiac fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity181 :: (11799(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Survivin']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of saline load to @entity7842 (florinef) as countermeasures for reduced @entity8450 and orthostatic intolerance after spaceflight. Eleven males (ages 30-50 yr) underwent a 3-day ambulatory baseline period followed by 7 days of 6 degrees head-down bedrest, during which cardiopulmonary and arterial baroreflex sensitivity and @entity8450 ( @entity8450 ) were determined. During pre-bedrest and 2.5 h after treatment on day 8, @entity8450 was also measured and subjects underwent a 15-min unsupported stand test. Treatments consisted of 8 salt tablets (1 g @entity1219 per tablet) and 960 ml of water in 5 subjects and 0.6 mg (0.2 mg x 3) over 24 h in the other 6 subjects. @entity8450 decreased by 12% on day 7 of bedrest. This was restored on day 8 by florinef but not by saline load. The effect of florinef on @entity8450 was paralleled by decreases in urine volume and the urinary @entity1372 / @entity972 ratio. Reduced @entity8450 was associated with greater vascular resistance for the same drop in central venous pressure, suggesting less vasoconstriction reserve after bedrest. Carotid baroreflex control of heart rate was attenuated after 7 days of bedrest. Both baroreflex functions were restored by florinef but not saline load. Only 1 of 6 subjects showed @entity1163 in the florinef-treated group, whereas 4 of 5 subjects did so in the saline-load group. Acute florinef treatment appears to have distinct advantages as a protective measure for post-bedrest orthostatic intolerance, not only through its salt retaining, volume-expanding mineralcorticoid effect, but possibly through its actions on baroreflex and sympathetic functions.

title: Advantages and disadvantages of XXXX or saline load in preventing post-spaceflight orthostatic hypotension.

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncopal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity8450 :: ('MESH:D054219', 'Disease') :: ['plasma volume', 'PV']

entities_list: @entity7842 :: ('MESH:D005438', 'Chemical') :: ['fludrocortisone']

answer: @entity7842 :: (MESH:D005438,Chemical) :: ['fludrocortisone']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity161 is a severe, chronic and disabling @entity1032 . Non-adherence to medication and relapse may lead to poorer @entity1 function. This randomised controlled study, under the acronym LEAN (Lay health supporter, e-platform, award, and iNtegration), is designed to improve medication adherence and high relapse among @entity1 with @entity161 in resource poor settings. METHODS/ANALYSIS: The community-based LEAN has four parts: (1) Lay health supporters (LHSs), mostly family members who will help supervise @entity1 medication, monitor relapse and side effects, and facilitate access to care, (2) an E-platform to support two-way mobile text and voice messaging to remind @entity1 to take medication; and alert LHSs when @entity1 are non-adherent, (3) an Award system to motivate @entity1 and strengthen LHS support, and (4) iNtegration of the efforts of @entity1 and LHSs with those of village doctors, township mental health administrators and psychiatrists via the e-platform. A random sample of 258 villagers with @entity161 will be drawn from the @entity161 '686' Program registry for the 9 Xiang dialect towns of the Liuyang municipality in China. The sample will be further randomised into a control group and a treatment group of equal sizes, and each group will be followed for 6 months after launch of the intervention. The primary outcome will be medication adherence as measured by pill counts and supplemented by pharmacy records. Other outcomes include symptoms and level of function. Outcomes will be assessed primarily when @entity1 present for medication refill visits scheduled every 2 months over the 6-month follow-up period. Data from the study will be analysed using analysis of covariance for the programme effect and an intent-to-treat approach. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: University of Washington: 49464 G; Central South University: CTXY-150002-6. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals with deidentified data made available on FigShare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR-ICR-15006053; Pre-results.

title: Lay health supporters aided by a mobile phone messaging system to improve care of villagers with XXXX in Liuyang, China: protocol for a randomised control trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic', 'Schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: PURPOSE: Tissue autofluorescence study is a promising means of endoscopic detection of @entity694 , but the mechanism of autofluorescence eruption has still not been verified. The purpose of this study was to precisely analyze the autofluorescence characteristics of freshly prepared normal @entity35 colon under UVA and violet light excitation. METHODS: Excised @entity35 colons were studied by using multichannel spectrophotometry, spectroscopic imaging, confocal microscopy, combined two-photon excited fluorescence and second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy, and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. RESULTS: Spectroscopic analysis of freshly prepared colon sections revealed that the mucosa and the submucosa showed strong autofluorescence under UVA and violet light excitation. The combined images of two-photon and SHG microscopy revealed that the @entity33 are the important source of autofluorescence. @entity2125 seems to be one of the major substances involved in the autofluorescence of the mucosal layer on 365- nm light excitation. The autofluorescence spectra of the luminal surfaces were identical to those of the mucosa on crosssectional examinations with 365-nm excitation. The main origin of autofluorescence of the luminal surface with 365-nm excitation is the epithelial cells in the mucosa without overlay of submucosal fluorescence. CONCLUSIONS: The mucosal layer is the important source of the autofluorescence observed under excitation with UVA/violet light in multilayered @entity694 . Illumination of 365-nm wavelength light is a suitable means of analyzing the autofluorescence of @entity33 .

title: Precise analysis of the autofluorescence characteristics of XXXX colon under UVA and violet light excitation.

entities_list: @entity2125 :: ('MESH:D009243', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic structures', 'colonic neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal epithelia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4115 is a common problem and, to date, there is no agent to preserve testicular function following detorsion. Platelet-rich plasma ( @entity16447 ), with its rich growth factor composition, has proven beneficial in regenerative therapy. It is believed that @entity16447 has not been studied in testis for @entity63 /reperfusion (I/R) injury. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effect of @entity16447 in an I/R @entity35 model 1 month after detorsion. STUDY DESIGN: Of 24 adult male @entity35 , 18 were randomly assigned into three groups, with six in each: control, I/R and I/R  +  @entity16447 . The @entity16447 was prepared from the remaining six. Each group underwent right orchiectomy. @entity63 was performed by rotating the left testis 720   and fixing with a nylon suture for 4  h. Reperfusion occurred 4  h later by removing the suture, and @entity16447 was administered at a dose of 10   l (2000  *  10(9)/l) into the left testis via the intraparenchymal route. Animals were sacrificed at the fourth week, and testes were taken for @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ), @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ), @entity224 dismutase (SOD), @entity1589 ( @entity1589 ), @entity1810 ( @entity1810 ), and @entity4124 measurements. RESULTS: @entity63 /reperfusion caused a significant increase in @entity1865 , @entity1589 and @entity4124 activity, and significant decrease in @entity6172 levels and SOD activity. The @entity16447 treatment helped correct the alterations in SOD, @entity4124 , and @entity1589 activities and @entity1865 levels. However, the mean @entity1865 level and @entity1589 activity were not totally restored compared with the controls. Serum @entity251 levels of the I/R group were significantly lower compared with the control and I/R  +  @entity16447 groups. @entity1810 and @entity4124 protein expressions were significantly higher in the I/R group compared with the control group and were low with @entity16447 administration compared with I/R groups (summary Table). DISCUSSION: The findings of the present study suggest that @entity16447 , by inhibiting neutrophil infiltration and oxidative stress and increasing antioxidant defense, exerts protective effects on testicular tissues against I/R. This study had some limitations: a scoring system was not used in the assessment of spermatogenesis in the histopathological findings and specific testis cell types were not histologically assessed. CONCLUSIONS: In light of the biochemical, histological and, especially, hormonal findings, intraparenchymal @entity16447 injection may have a protective effect in testicular tissue against I/R injury.

title: Effects of platelet-rich plasma against experimental @entity63 /reperfusion injury in XXXX testis.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4115 :: ('MESH:D013086', 'Disease') :: ['Testicular torsion']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity1810 :: ('59086(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor b', 'TGF-b']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the treatment outcome, laryngeal preservation and side-effect in locally advanced @entity189 treated with combined Hilical tomotherapy (HT) or intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and chemotherapy and/or @entity470 inhibitor (Cetuximab or Nimotuzumab). METHODS: A total of 68 @entity1 (20 cases with T1-2N1-3M0 and 48 cases with T3-4N1-3M0) with locally advanced @entity5 were treated individualy with non-surgical combined modality treatments including induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy, induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent radiotherapy and @entity470 inhibitor, concurrent chemoradiotherapy and @entity470 inhibitor, and concurrent radiotherapy and @entity470 inhibitor. HT was used in 40 @entity1 and IMRT in 28 @entity1 . Side-effects were evaluated with the established Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 3.0 criteria. RESULTS: The average follow-up time was 25.7 months (range 3-69 months). All @entity1 completed the planned radiotherapy without treatment breaks, and 66 (97.0%) of 68 @entity1 completed the planned chemotherapy. The 2-year and 3-year overall survival rates were 78.8% and 64.7% respectively, with an organ preservation rate of 84.2%. The most common side-effect greater than or equal to grade 3 was @entity33 . No @entity1 dependent on a percutaneous @entity5274 . CONCLUSION: @entity189 can be treated with non-surgical combined modality treatment including HT or IMRT, with a high laryngeal organ preservation rate and minimal @entity137 .

title: [Non-surgical combined modality treatments for laryngeal organ preservation in advanced XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['hypopharyngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal mucositis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Hypopharyngeal carcinoma', 'hypopharyngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['gastrostomy and tracheostomy tube']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['hypopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the impact of treatment interruption on the potential gain in locoregional control obtained with accelerated radiotherapy (RT) compared with conventionally fractionated RT in @entity1 with @entity189 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: 152 @entity1 treated with radical RT for @entity189 between 1979 and 1996 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system, there were 6/30/43/73 stages III/III/IV. Sixty-one @entity1 were treated with a conventional RT schedule (median dose 70 Gy in 35 fractions), and 91 @entity1 with either of two 5/5.5-week accelerated RT schedules (median dose 69.6-69.9 Gy in 41 fractions). Discounting weekends, RT was interrupted for 2 consecutive days or more in 53 @entity1 (median duration 11 days, range 2-97), including 67% of the @entity1 in the conventional RT group and 13% in the accelerated RT group. Median follow-up for surviving @entity1 was 55 months (range 23-230). The Cox proportional hazards model was used for the multivariate analysis of factors influencing locoregional control. RESULTS: In univariate analysis, factors associated with a significant decrease in locoregional control included WHO performance status > or =1, advanced AJCC stages (III and IV), conventional RT fractionation, overall treatment time > or =44 days (median), and RT interruption. In the multivariate analysis, when introduced into the model individually, the three significant therapeutic factors remained significant after adjustment for the forced clinical variables. However, when the three therapeutic factors were introduced together into the model, beside the AJCC stage (P = 0.017), only RT interruption remained a significant independent adverse prognostic factor (P = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS: This multivariate analysis highlights the potential negative impact of treatment gaps on locoregional control in @entity189 . This suggests that treatment interruption may be an even more important parameter than the type of RT schedule per se. Thus, when assessing the relative merit of two RT schedules, inclusion of the other therapeutic factors in a multivariate model is mandatory in order to avoid misinterpretation of the results.

title: Avoidance of treatment interruption: an unrecognized benefit of accelerated radiotherapy in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal carcinomas']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['oropharyngeal carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study assessed @entity137 , @entity5 response, disease control, and survival after short-course induction chemoradiotherapy and surgical resection in @entity1 with stage III @entity1149 . METHODS: Forty-five @entity1 with stage III @entity1149 received 12-day induction therapy of a 96-hour continuous infusion of @entity900 (20 mg/m2 per day), 24-hour infusion of @entity1311 (175 mg/m2), and concurrent accelerated fractionation radiation therapy (1.5 Gy twice daily) to a dose of 30 Gy. Surgical resection was scheduled for 4 weeks later. Postoperatively, a second identical course of chemotherapy and concurrent radiation therapy (30 to 33 Gy) was given. RESULTS: Induction @entity137 resulted in hospitalization of 18 (40%) @entity1 for @entity221 . No induction @entity204 occurred. Of 40 (89%) @entity1 who underwent thoracotomy, resection for cure was possible in 32 (71%) @entity1 . Pathologic response was noted in 21 (47%) @entity1 , and 14 (31%) were downstaged to mediastinal node negative (stage 0, I, or II). At a median follow-up of 19 months, 24 @entity1 were alive, 10 with recurrent disease. Of 21 @entity204 , 16 were from recurrent disease, three were from treatment, and two were unrelated. Recurrent disease was distant in 21 @entity1 , distant and locoregional in 2, and locoregional in 3. The Kaplan-Meier projected 24-month survival is 49%. Projected 24-month survival is 61% for stage IIIA, 17% for stage IIIB (p = 0.035); 84% for pathologic responders, 22% for nonresponders (p<0.001); 83% for downstaged @entity1 (stage 0, I, or II), 33% for those not downstaged (p = 0.005); and 63% for resectable @entity1 , 14% for unresectable @entity1 (p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that short-course neoadjuvant therapy with @entity1311 (1) has manageable @entity137 and a low treatment mortality, (2) results in @entity5 response and downstaging, (3) provides excellent locoregional control with most recurrences being distant, and (4) has improved the median survival compared with historical controls. Survival was better in stage IIIA @entity1 , resectable @entity1 , pathologic responders, and @entity1 downstaged to mediastinal node negative disease (stage 0, I, or II).

title: Short-course induction chemoradiotherapy with @entity1311 for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'good tumor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage III non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: Genetic predisposition controlled by susceptibility quantitative trait loci (QTLs) contributes to a large proportion of common @entity5 . Studies of genetics of @entity5 susceptibility, however, did not address systematically the relationship between susceptibility to @entity5 in different organs. We present five sets of data on genetic architecture of @entity2 susceptibility in @entity19 , @entity1 and @entity35 . They collectively show that the majority of genes for @entity2 susceptibility are linked pair-wise and are likely identical or related. Four CcS/Dem recombinant congenic strains, each differing from strain BALB/cHeA by a different small random subset of   12.5% of genes received from strain STS/A, suggestively show either extreme susceptibility or extreme resistance for both @entity694 , which is unlikely if the two @entity5 were controlled by independent susceptibility genes. Indeed, susceptibility to @entity2 (Sluc) loci underlying the extreme susceptibility or resistance of such CcS/Dem strains, mapped in 226 (CcS-10 x CcS-19)F2 @entity19 , co-localize with susceptibility to @entity694 (Scc) loci. Analysis of additional Sluc loci that were mapped in OcB/Dem strains and Scc loci in CcS/Dem strains, respectively, shows their widespread pair-wise co-localization (P = 0.0036). Finally, the majority of published @entity1 and @entity35 @entity694 susceptibility genes map to chromosomal regions homologous to @entity19 Sluc loci. 12/12 @entity19 Scc loci, 9/11 @entity1 and 5/7 @entity35 @entity694 susceptibility loci are close to a Sluc locus or its homologous site, forming 21 clusters of lung and @entity694 susceptibility genes from one, two or three species. Our data shows that @entity5 susceptibility QTLs can have much broader biological effects than presently appreciated. It also demonstrates the power of @entity19 genetics to predict @entity1 susceptibility genes. Comparison of molecular mechanisms of susceptibility genes that are organ-specific and those with trans-organ effects can provide a new dimension in understanding individual @entity5 susceptibility.

title: Most lung and XXXX susceptibility genes are pair-wise linked in @entity19 , @entity1 and @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['colon and lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer', 'colon and lung tumors']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The loss of muscle mass ( @entity6288 ) with aging is related with a progressive loss of muscle strength and physical capacity. Resistance exercise and milk-based protein supplementation have been demonstrated as significant countermeasures to @entity6288 and the loss of muscle strength. However, using high doses of proteins can act as a meal replacement in the elderly. Therefore, we sought to determine if a standard supplementation (12g per serving) of protein and resistance training could be an efficient strategy to promote muscle strength and physical capacity in sarcopenic @entity1 . Twenty-six @entity1 were randomized in 3 groups in a double-blind control study. The groups all performed exercise and consumed a protein rich supplement (12g of protein, 7g of essential @entity3534 either from milk (n=8), or soy (n=8) or @entity579 milk (non-protein control, n=10). Body composition was measured with DXA. Strength was measured by 1-RM with different exercises. Different physical capacity measurements were assessed (TUG, chair stand, walking speed). The results indicated a significant increase in fat-free mass in all groups and changes in muscle strength, with no differences between groups. This study indicates that resistance training is an effective way to increase muscle mass and strength, regardless of protein supplementation. Higher doses of protein-rich foods may have to be recommended to promote muscle mass gains when executing resistance exercise in elderly sarcopenic individuals.

title: The effect of resistance training and different sources of post-exercise protein supplementation on muscle mass and physical capacity in sarcopenic elderly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3534 :: ('MESH:D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity6288 :: ('MESH:D055948', 'Disease') :: ['sarcopenia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: PURPOSE: Virtual CT sonography using magnetic navigation provides cross sectional images of CT volume data corresponding to the angle of the transducer in the magnetic field in real-time. The purpose of this study was to clarify the value of this virtual CT sonography for treatment response of radiofrequency ablation for @entity157 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Sixty-one @entity1 with 88 HCCs measuring 0.5-1.3 cm (mean  SD, 1.0  0.3 cm) were treated by radiofrequency ablation. For early treatment response, dynamic CT was performed 1-5 days (median, 2 days). We compared early treatment response between axial CT images and multi-angle CT images using virtual CT sonography. RESULTS: @entity41 stains on axial CT images and multi-angle CT images were detected in 11.4% (10/88) and 13.6% (12/88) after the first session of RFA, respectively (P=0.65). Two @entity1 were diagnosed as showing @entity450 enhancement after the initial radiofrequency ablation on axial CT images and showed @entity5 progression shortly because of unnoticed @entity41 . Only virtual CT sonography with magnetic navigation retrospectively showed the @entity41 as circular enhancement. In safety margin analysis, 10 @entity1 were excluded because of @entity41 . The safety margin more than 5 mm by virtual CT sonographic images and transverse CT images were determined in 71.8% (56/78) and 82.1% (64/78), respectively (P=0.13). The safety margin should be overestimated on axial CT images in 8 nodules. CONCLUSION: Virtual CT sonography with magnetic navigation was useful in evaluating the treatment response of radiofrequency ablation therapy for @entity157 .

title: Treatment response assessment of radiofrequency ablation for XXXX : usefulness of virtual CT sonography with magnetic navigation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumors', 'residual tumor', 'Residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['local tumor']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']