abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite current recommendations, many @entity1 with @entity565 do not receive annual vaccination against @entity683 , partly because of concern that vaccine may trigger exacerbations. Colds can trigger exacerbations, which may be mistaken for vaccine-related adverse events. We undertook a double-blind placebo-controlled multicentre crossover study to assess the safety of @entity683 vaccine in @entity1 with @entity565 , with allowance for the occurrence of colds. METHODS: We studied 262 @entity1 , aged 18-75 years, who recorded daily peak expiratory flow (PEF), respiratory symptoms, medication, medical consultations, and hospital admissions for 2 weeks before the first injection and until 2 weeks after the second injection. Order of injection (vaccine and placebo) was assigned randomly. There was an interval of 2 weeks between injections. The main outcome measure was an exacerbation of @entity565 within 72 h of injection (defined as a fall in PEF of >20%). FINDINGS: Among 255 @entity1 with paired data, 11 recorded a fall in PEF of more than 20% after vaccine compared with three after placebo (McNemar's test p=0.06); a fall of more than 30% was recorded by eight after vaccine compared with none after placebo (binomial test p=0.008). However, when @entity1 with colds were excluded, there was no significant difference in the numbers with falls of more than 20% between vaccine and placebo (six vs three; binomial test p=0.51), although the difference for PEF decreases of more than 30% approached significance (five vs none; binomial test, p=0.06). This association was confined to first-time vaccinees. INTERPRETATION: Our findings indicate that @entity358 may occur as a complication of @entity683 vaccination. However, the risk of @entity358 is very small and outweighed by the benefits of vaccination.

title: Randomised placebo-controlled crossover trial on effect of inactivated XXXX vaccine on pulmonary function in @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary-function abnormalities', 'pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: Avian paramyxovirus serotype 2 ( @entity26494 -2) is one of the nine serotypes of @entity26494 , which infect a wide variety of avian species around the world. In this study, we constructed a reverse genetics system for recovery of infectious recombinant @entity26494 -2 strain Yucaipa ( @entity26494 -2/Yuc) from cloned cDNA. The rescued recombinant virus (rAPMV-2) resembled the biological virus in growth properties in vitro and in pathogenicity in vivo. The reverse genetics system was used to analyze the role of the cleavage site of the fusion (F) protein in viral replication and pathogenesis. The cleavage site of @entity26494 -2/Yuc (KPASR   F) contains only a single basic residue (position -1) that matches the preferred furin cleavage site [RX(K/R)R   ]. (Underlining indicates the basic @entity1522 at the F protein cleavage site, and the arrow indicates the site of cleavage.) Contrary to what would be expected for this cleavage sequence, @entity26494 -2 does not require, and is not augmented by, exogenous protease supplementation for growth in cell culture. However, it does not form syncytia, and the virus is avirulent in @entity1573 . A total of 12 @entity26494 -2 mutants with F protein cleavage site sequences derived from @entity26494 serotypes 1 to 9 were generated. These sites contain from 1 to 5 basic residues. Whereas a number of these cleavage sites are associated with protease @entity734 and lack of syncytium formation in their respective native viruses, when transferred into the @entity26494 -2 backbone, all of them conferred protease independence, syncytium formation, and increased replication in cell culture. Examination of selected mutants during a pulse-chase experiment demonstrated an increase in F protein cleavage compared to that for wild-type @entity26494 -2. Despite the gains in cleavability, replication, and syncytium formation, analysis of viral pathogenicity in 9-day-old embryonated @entity1573 eggs, 1-day-old chicks, and 2-week-old @entity1573 showed that the F protein cleavage site mutants did not exhibit increased pathogenicity and remained avirulent. These results imply that structural features in addition to the cleavage site play a major role in the cleavability of the F protein and the activity of the cleaved protein. Furthermore, cleavage of the F protein is not a determinant of @entity26494 -2 pathogenicity in @entity1573 .

title: Mutations in the fusion protein cleavage site of avian paramyxovirus serotype 2 increase cleavability and syncytium formation but do not increase viral virulence in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chickens', 'chicken']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chickens']


abstract: A multicenter retrospective review was performed analyzing 1081 primary total hip replacements in 944 @entity1 using the Harris Galante-I cementless acetabular component with screw fixation. All @entity1 were followed up for a minimum of 5 years with a mean followup of 81 months. Linear @entity691 wear averaged 0.11 mm/year (range, 0-0.86 mm/year). @entity530 was seen in 25 @entity1 (2.3%). Migration of the acetabular component was seen in four hips. A subgroup of @entity1 was reanalyzed at a minimum followup of 10 years. The mean linear @entity691 wear rate remained 0.11 mm/year. In this group, only one socket had migrated. There was an association between wear rate and age. On average, younger @entity1 had higher wear rates. The risk for having @entity530 develop and the need for revision surgery also was age-related. Twenty-two percent of hip replacements (15 hips) in @entity1 younger than 50 years of age at the time of their index operation had @entity530 develop. In contrast, for @entity1 older than 50 years of age at the time of surgery only 7.8% (eight hips) had @entity3061 of the pelvis develop. For @entity1 older than 70 years of age at the time of primary total hip replacement, none had @entity530 develop.

title: Fixation, XXXX wear, and @entity530 in primary total hip replacement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['Pelvic osteolysis', 'pelvic osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

answer: @entity691 :: (MESH:D020959,Chemical) :: ['polyethylene']


abstract: The molecular events regulating hormone-induced oocyte activation and meiotic maturation are probably best understood in @entity1238 . In @entity1238 , @entity1420 activates the G2-arrested oocyte, induces entry into M phase of meiosis I (MI) and resumption of the meiotic cell cycles, and leads to the formation of a mature, fertilizable egg. Oocytes of @entity24799 offer several practical advantages over those of @entity1238 , including faster and more synchronous meiotic cell cycle progression, less seasonal variability, and the availability of transgenic approaches. Previous work found several similarities in the pathways regulating oocyte maturation in the two species. Here, we report several additional ones that are conserved in @entity24799 . (1). Injection of @entity70401 mRNA into G2-arrested oocytes activates the MAP kinase cascade and induces the G2/MI transition. (2). Injection of the beta subunit of the kinase CK2 (a negative regulator of @entity70401 and oocyte activation) delays the G2/MI transition. (3). Elevating PKA activity blocks @entity1420 -induced maturation; repressing PKA activity induces entry into MI in the absence of @entity1420 . (4). LF ( @entity6192 lethal factor), which cleaves certain MAP kinase kinases, strongly reduces both the rate and extent of entry into MI. In contrast to the one previously reported major difference between oocytes of the two species, we find that injection of egg cytoplasm ("MPF activity") into G2-arrested @entity24799 oocytes induces entry into meiosis I even when protein synthesis is blocked, just as it does in oocytes of @entity1238 . These results indicate that much of what we have learned from studies of @entity1238 oocytes holds for those of @entity24799 , and suggest that @entity24799 oocytes offer a good experimental system for investigating certain questions that require a rapid, synchronous progression through the G2/meiosis I transition.

title: Regulation of the G2/M transition in oocytes of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity24799 :: ('8364', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus tropicalis', 'X. tropicalis']

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis', 'X. laevis']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity24799 :: (8364,Species) :: ['xenopus tropicalis']


abstract: Effective therapeutic options for @entity1 living with @entity1118 are limited. The @entity158 relieving effect of cannabinoids remains unclear. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining cannabinoids in the treatment of chronic non- @entity5 @entity158 was conducted according to the PRISMA statement update on the QUORUM guidelines for reporting systematic reviews that evaluate health care interventions. Cannabinoids studied included smoked @entity835 , oromucosal extracts of @entity835 based medicine, @entity36584 , @entity839 and a novel @entity839 analogue. Chronic non- @entity5 @entity158 conditions included @entity9 , @entity239 , @entity309 , and mixed @entity1118 . Overall the quality of trials was excellent. Fifteen of the eighteen trials that met the inclusion criteria demonstrated a significant analgesic effect of cannabinoid as compared with placebo and several reported significant improvements in sleep. There were no serious adverse effects. Adverse effects most commonly reported were generally well tolerated, mild to moderate in severity and led to withdrawal from the studies in only a few cases. Overall there is evidence that cannabinoids are safe and modestly effective in @entity9 with preliminary evidence of efficacy in @entity239 and @entity309 . The context of the need for additional treatments for @entity1118 is reviewed. Further large studies of longer duration examining specific cannabinoids in homogeneous populations are required.

title: Cannabinoids for treatment of chronic non- @entity5 XXXX ; a systematic review of randomized trials.

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity839 :: ('MESH:D013759', 'Chemical') :: ['dronabinol', 'THC']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The enrollment yield and reasons for screen failure in @entity64 trials have not been well delineated. METHODS: The Field Administration of @entity64 Therapy- @entity1760 (FAST-MAG) trial identified @entity1 for enrollment using a 2 stage screening process-paramedics in @entity1 followed by physician-investigators by cell phone. Outcomes of consecutive screening calls from paramedics to enrolling physician-investigators were prospectively recorded. RESULTS: From 2005 to 2012, 4458 phone calls were made by paramedics to physician-investigators, an average of 1 call per vehicle every 135.7 days. A total of 1700 (38.1%) calls resulted in enrollments. The rate of enrollment of @entity64 mimics was 3.9%. Among the 2758 @entity1 not enrolled, 3140 reasons for screen failure were documented. The most common reasons for nonenrollment were >2 hours from last known well (17.2%), having a @entity558 causing disability (16.1%), and absence of a consent provider (9.5%). Novel barriers for phone informed consent specific to the prehospital setting were infrequent, but included: cell phone connection difficulties (3.2%), @entity1 being hard of hearing (1.4%), insufficient time to complete consent (1.3%), or severely dysarthric (1.3%). CONCLUSIONS: In this large, multicenter prehospital trial, nearly 40% of every calls from the field to physician-investigators resulted in trial enrollments. The most common reasons for nonenrollment were out of window last known well time, prestroke confounding medical condition, and absence of a consent provider. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00059332.

title: Enrollment Yield and Reasons for Screen Failure in a Large XXXX Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['prestroke condition']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'prehospital stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['Magnesium']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Prehospital Stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity6632 is a very rare @entity209 that is usually present in infancy with transfusion dependent @entity17443 and multiorgan involvement including exocrine @entity8 . The disease is secondary to a mitochondrial DNA deletion that is variable in size and location. @entity4903 can develop, but are usually not part of the initial presentation. We report two @entity1 who presented with unusual endocrine manifestations, @entity6 and @entity1887 , who were both later diagnosed with @entity6632 . METHODS: Medical records were reviewed. Confirmatory testing included: mitochondrial DNA deletion testing and sequencing of the breakpoints, muscle biopsy, and bone marrow studies. RESULTS: Case 1 presented with @entity4854 requiring insulin at birth. She had several episodes of @entity1270 triggered by stress and labile blood @entity413 control. Workup for genetic causes of @entity6 was negative. She had transfusion dependent @entity417 and died at 24 months due to @entity881 . Case 2 presented with @entity1887 and @entity417 during @entity221 , requiring @entity134 replacement since 37 months of age. He is currently 4 years old and has mild @entity417 . Mitochondrial DNA studies confirmed a 4.9 kb deletion in @entity1 1 and a 5.1 kb deletion in @entity1 2. CONCLUSION: The @entity1 reported highlight the importance of considering mitochondrial DNA disorders in @entity1 with @entity4903 , and expand the knowledge about this rare @entity2383 .

title: @entity6632 : unique endocrine manifestations including @entity6 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity17443 :: ('MESH:D000748', 'Disease') :: ['macrocytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas, liver and renal tubular defects']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal diabetes']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['inturcurrent illness']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1270 :: ('MESH:D007662', 'Disease') :: ['ketoacidosis']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multisystem organ failure']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorder']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['early onset endocrine dysfunction', 'Endocrine abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity6632 :: ('MESH:C536353', 'Disease') :: ['Pearson syndrome']

answer: @entity1887 :: (MESH:D000309,Disease) :: ['adrenal insufficiency']


abstract: Binding of phenyl derivative of pyranocoumarin (PDP) modulated activity of fungal endopolygalacturonase in silico. Induced fit docking study of PDP with endopolygalacturonase (1HG8) showed a bifurcated @entity3884 bond interaction with the protein at Lys 244 with a docking score of -3.6 and glide energy of -37.30  kcal/mol. Docking with endopolygalacturonase II (1CZF) resulted @entity3884 bond formation with Lys 258 with a docking score of -2.3 and glide energy of -30.42  kcal/mol. It was hypothesized that this modulation favors accumulation of cell wall fragments (oligogalacturonides) which act as elicitors of plant defense responses. In order to prove the same, in vivo studies were carried out using a formulation developed from PDP (PDP 5EC) on greenhouse grown @entity523 L. The formulation was effective at different concentrations in reduction of seed @entity281 , improvement of vigor and control of @entity4278 @entity10327 . lycopersici @entity281 in @entity523 . At a concentration of 2  %, PDP 5EC significant reduction in seed @entity281 (95.83  %), improvement in seed vigor (64.31  %) and control of @entity4278 @entity10327 . lycopersici @entity281 (96.15  %) were observed. Further application of PDP 5EC to @entity523 challenged with @entity4278 @entity10327 . lycopersici significantly increased the activity of enzymes of the phenylpropanoid pathway, namely, peroxidase (PO), @entity3978 oxidase (PPO), @entity815 ammonia lyase (PAL), and enhanced the total phenolic content when compared to the control.

title: Phenyl Derivative of Pyranocoumarin Precludes @entity4278 XXXX . lycopersici Infection in @entity523 via Induction of Enzymes of the Phenylpropanoid Pathway.

entities_list: @entity3978 :: ('CHEBI:26195', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenol']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity4278 :: ('5507', 'Species') :: ['Fusarium oxysporum', 'F. oxysporum']

entities_list: @entity523 :: ('4081', 'Species') :: ['L. esculentum', 'Lycopersicon esculentum']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

answer: @entity10327 :: (239,Species) :: ['f.sp']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of @entity2996 ( @entity2996 ) compared with radionuclide bone scan in the evaluation of @entity1 with clinically suspected @entity173 . DESIGN: The medical records of all @entity1 who had been seen in the emergency room over a 4 1/2 year period with a clinically suspected @entity173 , negative or equivocal plain films, and either a subsequent bone scan or @entity2996 examination were retrospectively reviewed. The time to diagnosis, admission rate, and time to surgery were determined. A two-sample t-test was used to assess the statistical significance of the results. A theoretical cost analysis was performed using current charges to estimate all expenses. @entity1 : Forty @entity1 (11 male, 29 female; age 28-99 years) satisfied our inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Twenty-one @entity1 had bone scans (six with @entity174 ), and 19 had @entity2996 (four with @entity174 ). The time to diagnosis was 2.24 +/- 1.30 days for bone scanning and 0.368 +/- 0.597 days for @entity2996 (P < 0.0001). Twenty @entity1 in the bone scan group were admitted compared with 13 in the @entity2996 group. The time to surgery was at least 1 day longer in @entity1 undergoing bone scanning. Bone scanning resulted in higher @entity1 costs compared with @entity2996 because of the delay in diagnosis. In the evaluation of @entity1 with suspected @entity173 , early @entity2996 is more cost-effective than delayed bone scanning. Further prospective studies comparing the cost-effectiveness of early @entity2996 with early bone scanning are needed.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging: a cost-effective alternative to bone scintigraphy in the evaluation of XXXX with suspected @entity173 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures', 'hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity2996 :: ('MESH:C564543', 'Disease') :: ['MRI', 'magnetic resonance imaging']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ) is a well-differentiated @entity259 that accounts for approximately 80% of @entity259 cases. On other hand, @entity2867 ( @entity2867 ) is a less frequent, but aggressive subtype, with poor prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs, have emerged as potent post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, which modulate the expression of @entity5 -related genes. Computational analyses estimate that a single miRNA may modulate hundreds of mRNA targets and, at the same time, cooperate with others to regulate one single mRNA transcript. Due to the large number of predicted targets and possible interactions, only a small number of miRNAs have characterized biological roles, and the panorama of miRNA-mediated regulation in @entity259 remains to be understood. Taking into consideration the large amount of gene expression data deposited in public databases we aligned miRNA target prediction and gene expression data from public @entity3557 and @entity2867 datasets to construct a network of post-transcriptional regulation in @entity259 . After a gene set enrichment analysis we identified signaling pathways and biological processes potentially modulated by the miRNAs deregulated in @entity3557 and @entity2867 . Our results show miRNA-mRNA interaction that could contribute with the de-regulation of key @entity5 -host mediators, such as extra-cellular matrix molecules, interleukins and interleukin receptors, which could drive a more @entity146 and @entity5 progression. Moreover, our analysis through The @entity5 (TCGA) database revealed that aberrant expression of @entity14315 and cytokines genes is frequent in @entity3557 and is associated with @entity146 and decreased overall survival rate. In conclusion, we shed light on the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in differentiated and undifferentiated @entity259 , revealing a potential role of miRNAs in modulation of @entity5 -host interaction molecules, particularly @entity14315 molecules and immune system mediators, which could stimulate crosstalk between @entity5 and the immune system to generate a more @entity146 . We propose a novel putative miRNA:mRNA network that could lead to a new path toward functional studies.

title: Integrated Analysis of XXXX Public Datasets Reveals Role of Post-Transcriptional Regulation on Tumor Progression by Targeting of Immune System Mediators.

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['Papillary thyroid carcinoma', 'PTC']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behavior']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer Genome Atlas', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancers', 'thyroid tumor', 'thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity2867 :: ('MESH:D065646', 'Disease') :: ['ATC', 'anaplastic thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['Thyroid Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of the dose of collagen given nasally on the induction of specific mucosal tolerance in collagen-induced @entity625 . METHODS: The severity of clinical @entity625 induced in DBA/1 @entity19 was studied after the nasal administration (before disease induction) of 1 of 4 doses (across a 2-log range) of @entity291 type II collagen (CII). Parameters of immunity included lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production in vitro in response to antigen stimulation, and the production of anticollagen IgG antibody subclasses. RESULTS: The 3 highest doses (20, 80, and 320 microg) ameliorated disease severity, whereas the lowest dose (5 microg) aggravated disease. These findings correlated well with antigen-specific T cell proliferation and cytokine and antibody production. T cell proliferation was suppressed by the higher doses of CII, whereas the low dose enhanced T cell proliferation, indicating it primed the T cells. Suppression of T cell proliferation could be overcome by the addition of exogenous @entity2047 ( @entity2047 ) to these cultures. Decreased T cell proliferation was associated with suppression of both @entity630 ( @entity60 [ @entity60 ]) and @entity61 ( @entity58 ) cytokines and all the subclasses of anticollagen IgG in @entity19 receiving 20, 80, or 320 microg of collagen. Overall, the highest dose of collagen (320 microg) was less effective at suppressing the immune response and disease than the 20-microg or 80-microg doses. There was an increased production of antibodies of all IgG isotypes, and of the @entity630 -associated cytokines @entity60 and @entity2047 , in animals that had received the lowest dose of 5 microg collagen nasally. CONCLUSION: Nasal administration of antigens is effective in inducing tolerance and reducing disease severity, but the effects are dose dependent. Low doses can prime the immune system and aggravate disease; high doses may not suppress disease. Suppression of the immune response, which correlates with @entity66 , is not obviously associated with a type I to type II T cell switch, but rather with an overall suppression of both forms of T cell response, with a potential role for anergy of T cells in this process.

title: Importance of dose of type II collagen in suppression of collagen-induced XXXX by nasal tolerance.

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['suppression of disease']

entities_list: @entity60 :: ('15978(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma', 'IFNgamma']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: @entity9394 ( @entity14512 ) is the most potent endogenous ligand of brain cannabinoid @entity13677 receptors and is synthesized on demand from 2-arachidonate-containing @entity4357 by the action of @entity2366 lipase in response to increased intracellular @entity460 . Several studies indicate that the endocannabinoid (eCB) system is involved in the mechanism of reward and that diverse drugs of abuse increase brain eCB levels. In addition, eCB are self-administered (SA) by squirrel monkeys, and @entity9393 increases nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell @entity935 (DA) in @entity35 . To date, there is no evidence on the reinforcing effects of @entity14512 and its effects on DA transmission in rodents. In order to fill this gap, we studied intravenous @entity14512 SA and monitored the effect of @entity14512 on extracellular DA in the NAc shell and core via microdialysis in male @entity35 . @entity35 were implanted with jugular catheters and trained to self-administer @entity14512 [25   mg/kg/inf intravenously (iv)] in single daily 1   h sessions for 5   weeks under initial fixed ratio (FR) 1 schedule. The ratio was subsequently increased to FR2. Active nose poking increased from the 6th SA session (acquisition phase) but no significant increase of nose pokes was observed after FR2. When @entity14512 was substituted for vehicle (25th SA session, extinction phase), rate responding as well as number of injections slowly decreased. When vehicle was replaced with @entity14512 , SA behavior immediately recovered (reacquisition phase). The reinforcing effects of @entity14512 in SA behavior were fully blocked by the @entity13677 receptor inverse agonist/antagonist @entity351 (1   mg/kg intraperitoneally, 30   min before SA session). In the microdialysis studies, we observed that @entity14512 (0.1-1.0   mg/kg iv) preferentially stimulates NAc shell as compared to the NAc core. NAc shell DA increased by about 25% over basal value at the highest doses tested (0.5 and 1.0   mg/kg iv). The results obtained suggest that the eCB system, via @entity14512 , plays an important role in reward.

title: Endocannabinoid @entity9394 Self-Administration by XXXX and Stimulation of in vivo @entity935 Transmission in the Nucleus Accumbens Shell.

entities_list: @entity2366 :: ('CHEBI:41847', 'Chemical') :: ['diacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity9394 :: ('MESH:C094503', 'Chemical') :: ['2-Arachidonoylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity9393 :: ('MESH:C078814', 'Chemical') :: ['anandamide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoinositides']

entities_list: @entity351 :: ('MESH:C089032', 'Chemical') :: ['rimonabant']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Sprague-Dawley Rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity172 could affect the rate and quality of wound healing in skin. We aimed to investigate the effects of ovariectomy on skin flap viability and @entity1589 ( @entity1589 ) levels in a @entity35 model. BACKGROUND: Estrogens have many important beneficial and protective roles in skin that they improve collagen content and quality, maintain skin thickness and enhance vascularization. It has been shown that @entity172 supplementation accelerates cutaneous wound healing in elderly @entity1 . METHODS: Forty-eight cycling female @entity35 albino @entity35 were randomly divided into three groups (n = 16); ovariectomy (Group 1), sham (Group 2), and control (Group 3). @entity35 were subjected to bilateral ovariectomy in the Group 1, and only laparotomy in the Group 2. Twenty-one days later in the Group 1 and 2, a dorsal caudally based skin flap elevation was done. In the Group 3, the @entity35 had a dorsal skin flap without any surgical intervention. Ten days later, the flaps were harvested for histopathologic examination and biochemical analyses. RESULTS: The @entity35 in the Group 1 had significantly larger @entity39 area and lower flap viability than in the Group 2 and 3 (p<0.05). Histopathologic examination showed that @entity39 flap regions contained @entity121 with an abundant neutrophil infiltration, and severe @entity4 in the Group 1. The @entity1589 activity in the distal of skin flaps was significantly higher in the Group 1 compared to the Group 2 and 3 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: This study shows that ovariectomy has deleterious effects on skin flap viability in a @entity35 model (Tab. 1, Fig. 6, Ref. 44). KEYWORDS: ovariectomy, skin flap viability, @entity1589 , @entity35 .

title: The effect of ovariectomy on the skin flap viability and XXXX levels.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle necrosis']

answer: @entity1589 :: (303413(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['myeloperoxidase']


abstract: Total @entity165 (TC) directly correlates with overweight/ @entity28 , but it remains unclear if this association varies by race and ethnicity. We assessed the association as well as the racial/ethnic heterogeneity in this relationship. Data on 63,863 @entity1 were assessed using electronic medical records between 2010 and 2011. A cross-sectional design was utilized with log-binomial regression model and chi-squared statistic to examine the data. Overall, abnormal total @entity165 (ATC) was 7.5% (4812). Significant racial variability in ATC was observed: Black/African American (AA) (7.4%), White (7.0%), Asian (5.1%) and some other race (SOR) @entity1 (11.3%),      (5) = 141.5, p < 0.0001. Black/AA (34.7%) and SOR @entity1 (41.2%) were predominantly overweight/ @entity28 , unlike the Asian @entity1 , (25.8%),      (5) = 324.6, p < 0.0001. The BMI percentile was highest among SOR (69.0    28.6) and Black/AA @entity1 (65.2    29.1), but lowest among Asian @entity1 (55.7    31.5). A significant racial variability was also observed in weight, with the highest mean among Black/AA @entity1 (36.8kg    23.0) and the lowest among Asian @entity1 (28.7kg    16.8), f = 7.2, p < 0.001. Relative to normal TC, @entity1 with ATC were 2.6 times as likely to have abnormal BMI, relative risk (RR) =2.60, 99% CI, 2.54-2.68). Compared to non-Hispanic (RR = 2.62, 99% CI, 2.54-2.69), the risk was lower among Hispanics (RR = 2.34, 99%, 2.21-2.48). Among @entity1 with ATC, risk for abnormal BMI was highest among Asians, adjusted RR = 2.91, 99% CI, 2.34-3.62), intermediate among AA ( @entity17977 .68, 99% CI, 2.59-2.77), but lowest among Whites ( @entity17977 .40, 99% CI, 2.39-2.64), and SOR ( @entity17977 .33, 99% CI, 2.19-2.50). In a large sample of @entity1 , total @entity165 directly correlates with BMI, with an observed racial and ethnic heterogeneity.

title: Racial and Ethnic Heterogeneity in the Association Between Total XXXX and Pediatric Obesity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['Cholesterol']


abstract: PURPOSE: A @entity1 's risk of developing @entity0 ( @entity0 ) is increased if she has a personal history (PH) or @entity4310 ( @entity4310 ) of the disease. We compared the impact of the two risk factors PH and @entity4310 on @entity5 detection and @entity5 size at diagnosis in a cohort of @entity0 @entity1 . METHODS: The study cohort comprised 1,037 invasive @entity0 @entity1 ( <=70  years at diagnosis). From these, 92 @entity1 (8.5  %) had a positive PH and 151 @entity1 (13.7  %) had a positive first-degree @entity4310 . RESULTS: Compared to the @entity5 of @entity1 without PH or @entity4310 , the lesions of @entity1 who had a positive PH or a positive @entity4310 were more often found by radiologic breast examinations (RBE) (PH: 49.4  %, @entity4310 : 43.4  %, no PH/ @entity4310 : 26.2  %; both comparisons p  <  0.001). In @entity1 with a positive @entity4310 , the @entity5 were slightly less often found by RBE as in @entity1 with a positive PH (p  =  0.468). @entity1 with a positive PH or @entity4310 had smaller @entity5 compared with those without such a history (PH: 19.7  mm, @entity4310 : 19.6  mm, no PH/ @entity4310 : 26.7  mm; p  =  0.015/p  <  0.001). The @entity5 sizes of @entity1 with a positive PH were almost identical to those of @entity1 with a positive @entity4310 (p  =  0.999). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with a positive @entity4310 or PH of @entity0 , the increased awareness of @entity0 risk led to the detection of smaller @entity5 compared to @entity1 who have not had this experience. However, comparison of the two risk factors showed that they had a similar impact on the RBE detection rate of @entity0 lesions and that the @entity5 sizes were nearly identical.

title: Personal or first-degree family @entity0 history: which has higher impact on XXXX detection and @entity5 size in @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['FH', 'family history']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop and evaluate a Bayesian network to identify @entity1 eligible for an @entity565 -care guideline using only data available electronically at the time of @entity1 triage. POPULATION: Consecutive @entity1 2-18 years old who presented to a pediatric emergency department during a 2-month period. METHODS: A network was developed and evaluated using clinical data from @entity1 visits. An independent reference standard for @entity565 guideline eligibility was established and verified for each @entity1 through chart review. Outcome measures were area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios. RESULTS: We enrolled 3,023 @entity1 visits, including 385 who were eligible for guideline-based care. Area under the receiver operating curve for the network was 0.959 (95% CI = 0.933 - 0.977). At a fixed 90% sensitivity, specificity was 88.3%, positive predictive value was 44.7% and negative predictive value was 98.8%. The positive likelihood ratio was 7.69 and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.11. CONCLUSION: The Bayesian network was able to detect @entity1 eligible for an @entity565 guideline with high accuracy suggesting that this technique could be used to automatically initiate guideline use for eligible @entity1 .

title: Detecting XXXX exacerbations in a pediatric emergency department using a Bayesian network.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Percutaneous cholecystostomy tube (PCT) placement is considered a safe alternative to cholecystectomy for the treatment of @entity14784 ( @entity14784 ), but data regarding long-term outcomes following PCT are limited. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed our institutional experience of @entity1 undergoing PCT for @entity14784 between 1997 and 2015. Recurrent biliary events were defined as @entity2679 , @entity255 , or @entity788 . RESULTS: PCT was placed for 288 @entity1 with @entity14784 . Mean age and age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index were 72        15  years and 5.3        2.4, respectively. Following PCT placement, 91% of @entity1 successfully resolved their episode of @entity14784 . @entity409 occurred in 132 @entity1 (46%), with 80 @entity1 (28%) requiring re-intervention, while 7% developed procedure-related complications. Interval cholecystectomy reduced the risk of recurrent biliary events to 7% from 21% (p   =   0.002). Cholecystectomy was completed laparoscopically in 45% of @entity1 receiving an interval operation vs. 22% of those undergoing urgent surgery for PCT failure or recurrent biliary event (p   =   0.03). CONCLUSIONS: PCT placement is a highly successful treatment for @entity14784 and is associated with low complication rate, but high rate of @entity409 requiring frequent re-intervention. Interval cholecystectomy is associated with a decreased likelihood of recurrent biliary events and increased likelihood of successful laparoscopic completion.

title: Long-Term Outcomes Following Percutaneous Cholecystostomy Tube Placement for Treatment of Acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['gallstone pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['tube dysfunction', 'PCT dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity14784 :: ('MESH:D041881', 'Disease') :: ['ACC', 'acute calculous cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity2679 :: (MESH:D002764,Disease) :: ['Calculous Cholecystitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with @entity8222 have abnormal vascular supply to the palate, yet it is unknown whether there are increased postoperative healing problems following palatoplasty. This study investigated the correlation between @entity8222 and postoperative palatal @entity292 formation. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review was performed. @entity1 : @entity1 undergoing palatoplasty at @entity1 's Hospital Los Angeles from 1987 to 2000 were evaluated. Ten @entity1 with @entity8222 , 92 @entity1 with other syndromes and @entity2419 , and 458 nonsyndromic @entity1 with isolated @entity2419 were studied. INTERVENTIONS: All @entity1 were treated with a one-stage, double-reversing Z-plasty @entity2419 repair. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcome measures included intraoperative observations of surgical anatomy and postoperative clinic follow-up of @entity292 formation. Palatal @entity292 rates between @entity1 with @entity8222 , other syndromes, and no syndrome were compared with chi-square analysis. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity8222 had significantly greater palatal @entity292 rates (50%) than @entity1 with other syndromes (8.7%) or no syndrome (4.1%). @entity8222 @entity1 demonstrated large palatal @entity292 and poor flap vascularity. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity8222 and @entity2419 have significantly higher palatal @entity292 risk than other @entity1 with @entity2419 when double-reversing Z-plasty palate repair is performed. Our findings suggest that @entity1 with @entity8222 and @entity2419 may have poor vascularity to @entity2419 created during palatoplasty. Furthermore, we recommend that surgeons performing palatoplasty minimize the dissection of mucoperiosteal flaps around the greater palatine arterial pedicle and utilize closure techniques creating the least vascular disruption of palatal tissue.

title: Increased @entity292 risk following palatoplasty in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate', 'palatal flaps']

entities_list: @entity8222 :: ('MESH:D008342', 'Disease') :: ['Treacher Collins syndrome', 'Treacher Collins']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

answer: @entity8222 :: (MESH:D008342,Disease) :: ['Treacher Collins syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of detachable balloon for @entity1416 in @entity1 with @entity101 and @entity6118 . METHODS: Eight @entity1 with @entity101 received splenic artery trunk disconnection using detachable balloons under the guidance of digital subtraction angiography. The diameter and blood flow of the portal vein, the superior mesenteric vein, the @entity99 were measured by color Doppler ultrasound. Markers of liver function and @entity1003 , and routine blood parameters were assessed. Gastroscopy was used to evaluate to the degree of @entity6312 . All complications experienced during the perioperative period were recorded. RESULTS: The portal vein diameter decreased from 1.55+/-0.38 cm to 1.55+/-0.38 cm, and the splenic artery diameter decreased from 1.45+/-0.10 cm to 1.41+/-0.09 cm (P less than 0.05). The portal vein blood flow was reduced from 971.52+/-174.77 ml/min to 785.86+/-100.17 ml/min, and the splenic vein blood flow decreased from 938.01+/-208.86 ml/min to 644.02+/-188.15 ml/min, while the hepatic artery blood flow increased from 261.25+/-65.47 ml/min to 449.32+/-84.05 ml/min (P less than 0.05). The symptoms of splenism were improved effectively, with platelet counts rising from 37.75+/-10.61*109/L to 138.63+/-28.22*109/L after the procedure (P less than 0.05). There were no episodes of severe complications or @entity204 in the perioperative period, and all @entity1 showed remarkable improvement in markers of liver function and coagulation function, and improvement of esophagogastric varices. CONCLUSIONS: The interventional disconnection technique of the splenic artery trunk using detachable balloon for the treatment of portal @entity101 and @entity6118 is safe and effective.

title: [Efficacy of XXXX with detachable balloon for portal @entity101 and @entity6118 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhotic portal hypertension', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['splenic artery trunk embolization']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity6312 :: ('MESH:D014648', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal varices']

entities_list: @entity6118 :: ('MESH:D006971', 'Disease') :: ['hypersplenism']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['splenic vein and the hepatic artery']

answer: @entity1416 :: (MESH:D020762,Disease) :: ['splenic artery trunk embolization']


abstract: The optimum therapy for @entity1 with relapsed or @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) not qualifying for @entity902 -based and/or high-dose chemotherapy is not known. We conducted a prospective phase II study evaluating a regimen consisting of @entity136 (1 g/m2, days 1 and 8), @entity1206 (30 mg/m2, days 1 and 8) and @entity229 (100 mg/day, days 1-8) (GVP) given every 21 days. Fifteen @entity1 with a median age of 68 years and a median of three previous therapies were enrolled. Diagnoses included B lymphoblastic (n=1), diffuse large B cell (n=10), anaplastic large T cell (n=2) and peripheral T-cell @entity1893 (n=2). The median international prognostic index score was 3 (six @entity1 with a score of 4 or 5). Five @entity1 achieved a complete remission and three @entity1 a partial remission. The median overall survival was 13.8 months, and the median time to next treatment was 4.4 months. @entity137 of World Health Organisation grades 3/4 were @entity1210 in 58%, @entity882 in 33% and @entity417 in 17% of all courses. Three @entity1 had grade 3 @entity281 . There was no treatment-related mortality. GVP shows substantial activity in poor prognosis relapsed or @entity146 and is generally well tolerated, but haematological @entity137 is dose limiting.

title: @entity136 , @entity1206 and XXXX for refractory or relapsed @entity146 , results of a phase II single center study.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Haematological toxicities']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['refractory aggressive lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', "refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas"]

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity229 :: (MESH:D011241,Chemical) :: ['prednisone']


abstract: AIMS: @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 and @entity454 with simultaneous @entity8 (KA) were recruited 9-12 years post transplantation. We investigated differences between these groups with regard to inflammatory parameters and long-term structural changes in kidneys. METHODS: Blood samples were analyzed by ELISA and multiplex for chemokines, cytokines, growth factors, cell adhesion molecules and matrix metalloproteinases. Kidney graft biopsies were analyzed by electron microscopy for glomerular basement membrane thickness. Heparan- and chondroitin @entity597 @entity7016 structures were determined by size exclusion chromatography mass-spectrometry. RESULTS: The SPK and the KA group had average glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of 5.8% (40mmol/mol) and 8.6% (70mmol/mol) respectively. SPK recipients also had 16.2% lower body mass index (BMI) and 46.4% lower @entity412 levels compared with KA recipients, compatible with an improved metabolic profile in the SPK group. Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), C-reactive protein (CRP) and vascular endothelial growth factor ( @entity7 ) were lower in the SPK group. In kidney graft biopsies of the KA- @entity1 an 81.2% increase in average glomerular basement membrane thickness was observed, accompanied by alterations in heparan @entity597 proteoglycan structure. In addition to a decrease in 6-O-sulfated disaccharides, an increase in non-N-sulfated @entity7967 with a corresponding slight decrease in N-sulfation was found in kidney biopsies from @entity1602 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity454 subjected to KA transplantation showed impaired inflammatory profile, increased thickness of basement membranes and distinct changes in heparan @entity597 structures compared with SPK recipients.

title: Effects of restoring normoglycemia in type 1 XXXX on inflammatory profile and renal extracellular matrix structure after simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas and kidney (SPK) or kidney transplants alone']

entities_list: @entity7967 :: ('MESH:D004187', 'Chemical') :: ['disaccharides']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'end stage renal disease']

entities_list: @entity7016 :: ('CHEBI:36233', 'Chemical') :: ['disaccharide']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: @entity4236 ( @entity4236 ) and ethmoid @entity420 ( @entity420 ) are rare sinonasal malignancies that often involve the skull base. Standard surgical treatment is craniofacial resection (CFR), which allows for efficient removal but entails significant morbidity and mortality. Because expanded endoscopy nasal approaches are newly developed, we aimed to describe the procedure in @entity1 with @entity4236 and @entity420 and compare it with CFR in terms of efficiency and morbidity. METHODS: This work reports on a retrospective series of 16 @entity1 with @entity420 and @entity4236 treated endoscopically with anterior skull-base resection in a single institution over 9 years. Invasion of the frontal sinus, massive extension to the cerebral parenchyma, spread of the @entity5 above the orbits or lysis of anterior facial skeleton were contraindications for endoscopy resection. RESULTS: Of the 16 @entity1 , 11 had @entity420 and 5 @entity4236 . In total, 37.5% (6) exhibited skull-base invasion. All @entity1 had postoperative radiotherapy. In the early postoperative period, one @entity1 experienced delayed @entity410 due to a minor subdural @entity1410 . Two delayed complications were observed: one encephalocele related to inappropriate postoperative care, which required revision surgery, and one extended radionecrosis. Five-year disease-free survival was 83% and 5-year recurrence-free survival 58%. Local control rate was 91% for @entity420 and 100% for @entity4236 . CONCLUSIONS: With low perioperative morbidity and efficient local control, ethmoidectomy combined with anterior skull-base resection is a promising approach for managing selected cases of @entity420 and @entity4236 . These findings need further investigation with prolonged follow-up.

title: Endoscopy skull-base resection for ethmoid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity4236 :: ('MESH:D018304', 'Disease') :: ['ON', 'Olfactory neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['AC', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma and olfactory neuroblastoma']


abstract: It is said that the prognosis is generally unfavorable in @entity1 with hypertensive @entity1779 showed extravasation on angiogram. Recently, we experienced a case whose prognosis was eventful after the removal of @entity1410 . So we reported this case and discussed between @entity988 and @entity1779 accompanied with extravasation on angiogram in this paper. A 59-year-old male was transferred to our emergency center because of right @entity1158 and mild clouding of consciousness at around nine in the evening on December 12, 1983. At the time of admission, his neurological state was classified into grade II, exhibiting the right putamenal @entity548 and pyramidal destruction type of @entity1410 by CT scan with 58 ml of @entity1410 volume. The right carotid angiography was immediately performed and confirmed the @entity1410 being of lateral type. At that time, extravasation proximal to the lateral lenticulostriate artery was noted. Repeated CT scan revealed the enlarged @entity1410 (105 ml) accompanying with @entity548 . At the completion of these examinations, the neurological grade was III. The @entity1410 was surgically removed after 4 hours following the onset of @entity1779 . His postoperative course was very favorable. Although acute @entity1276 appeared later on, it was cured by ventricular drainage. The @entity1 become possible to walk with a helper by 1 month after operation. CT scan obtained 1 month after operation revealed a remarkable @entity1010 , which was probably derived from chronic @entity988 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [A case favorably progressed after operation for hypertensive @entity1779 showed extravasation on angiogram occurred in chronic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage', 'cerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity988 :: (MESH:D000437,Disease) :: ['alcoholism']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is an important problem for @entity1 with multifactorial etiology. This study aims to determine the role of @entity101 ( @entity101 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in POP. STUDY DESIGN: The study included 586 @entity1 admitted to Bulent Ecevit University Hospital between September 2013 and April 2015 for hysterectomy, comprising 186 @entity1 with POP and 400 @entity1 without. The demographic characteristics, age, body mass index (BMI), obstetrical history, type of delivery, associated medical diseases, and benign gynecological diseases were recorded. @entity101 , @entity6 , or both together were particularly considered as coexisting medical diseases. RESULTS: Median gravida, parity, and live birth numbers were significantly higher in POP @entity1 (4 vs. 3, 3 vs. 2, and 3 vs. 2 respectively, p<0.001). POP @entity1 were more @entity28 than POP-absent @entity1 (p<0.001). Vaginal history of birth increased POP frequency to 25.8% with statistical significance (p<0.001). There was no significant difference between groups regarding coexisting @entity7288 , @entity1478 , @entity46 , @entity1869 (p>0.05). There was a significant difference between groups regarding comorbid diseases (p<0.001). Logistic regression analysis for risk factors of POP revealed age, BMI, vaginal parturition, and co-morbidity with @entity101 + @entity6 together significantly increased POP risk (p<0.05). @entity101 + @entity6 together significantly increased risks with OR of 1.9 (1.1-3.16). CONCLUSIONS: In addition to multiple factors increasing POP risk, comorbidities as @entity101 + @entity6 together should be considered as risk factors. @entity1 with these comorbidities should be encouraged to change their lifestyles to prevent POP.

title: Are @entity101 and XXXX risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity7288 :: ('MESH:D004716', 'Disease') :: ['endometritis']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial polyp']

entities_list: @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial hyperplasia']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity957 ( @entity957 ) is a type of head and @entity5 with a high mortality rate. @entity2345 ( @entity2345 ) is the pre-cancerous lesion of @entity957 , whose molecular mechanisms in @entity957 tumorigenesis remain largely unclear. Activation of the Wnt/b-catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in oral mucous carcinogenesis, although rare mutations of Wnt signaling molecules are found in @entity957 , suggesting an epigenetic mechanism mediating aberrant Wnt/b  -catenin signaling in @entity957 . @entity21124 ( @entity21124 ) is an Wnt antagonist, and its downregulation and methylation have been reported in a number of @entity5 . However, the expression and methylation of @entity21124 in the development of @entity2345 have yet to be reported. In the present study, we investigated the @entity21124 expression level by immuno-histochemical staining and semi  -quantitative RT-PCR in normal oral, @entity2345 and @entity957 tissues, as well as the methylation status by methylation-specific PCR and @entity9736 genomic sequencing. The results showed that @entity21124 was readily expressed in normal oral mucous tissues, but decreased gradually in @entity2345 early, moderately advanced and advanced tissues, and was less expressed in @entity957 tissues. Moreover, @entity21124 was able to translocate from the nuclear to cytoplasm in @entity2345 and @entity957 tissues. Furthermore, @entity21124 was frequently methylated in @entity957 cases with betel quid chewing habit, but not in normal oral mucous and different stages of @entity2345 tissues, suggesting @entity21124 methylation is tumor-specific in the development of @entity2345 . Thus, the results demonstrated that @entity21124 is frequently downregulated or silenced by promoter methylation in the carcinogenesis of @entity2345 , which serves as a potential epigenetic biomarker for the early detection of @entity957 .

title: Expression and promoter methylation of XXXX in the development of @entity2345 .

entities_list: @entity2345 :: ('MESH:D009914', 'Disease') :: ['OSF', 'Oral submucous fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neck malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OSCC', 'Oral squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity9736 :: ('MESH:C042345', 'Chemical') :: ['bisulfite']

entities_list: @entity21124 :: ('11197', 'Gene') :: ['WIF1', 'Wnt inhibitory factor-1']

answer: @entity21124 :: (11197,Gene) :: ['Wnt inhibitory factor-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity8 is associated with an increased risk of @entity438 . Our purpose was to assess whether there is an increased risk during @entity439 coiling and clipping. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were obtained from the National Inpatient Sample (2000-2011). All subjects had an unruptured @entity439 clipped or coiled and were divided into @entity8767 (n = 189) and control (n = 3555) groups. Primary end points included in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and total hospital charges. Secondary end points included the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes for @entity548 or @entity1188 ; @entity932 ; @entity1188 ; and carotid and @entity4066 . RESULTS: There was a significantly greater incidence of @entity548 or @entity1188 , @entity1188 , and carotid artery dissection in the @entity1 with @entity8 compared with the control group after endovascular coiling. There was also a significantly greater incidence of @entity548 or @entity1188 in the @entity8767 group after surgical clipping. However, the hospital stay was not longer in the @entity8767 group, and the total hospital charges were not higher. Additional analysis within the @entity8767 group revealed a significantly shorter length of stay but similar in-hospital costs when subjects underwent coiling versus clipping. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity8 face an increased risk during @entity438 treatment, whether by coiling or clipping. This risk, however, does not translate into longer hospital stays or increased hospital costs. Despite the additional catheterization-related risks of dissection and embolization, coiling results in shorter hospital stays and similar mortality compared with clipping.

title: @entity8 and XXXX : Is There an Increased Risk of Treatment?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic kidney disease', 'Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['embolic infarction', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity8767 :: ('MESH:D007690', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic kidney']

entities_list: @entity4066 :: ('MESH:D020217', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral artery dissections']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysm', 'intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['Intracranial Aneurysms']


abstract: While the impact of exogenous glucocorticoids on the fetal cardiovascular system has been well defined, relatively few studies have characterised the role of endogenous fetal glucocorticoids in the regulation of arterial blood pressure (BP) during late gestation. We have therefore infused @entity4235 , an inhibitor of @entity701 biosynthesis, into fetal @entity742 from 125 days gestation (when fetal @entity701 concentrations are low) and from 137 days gestation (when fetal @entity701 concentrations are increasing) and measured fetal plasma @entity701 , @entity4419 and ACTH, fetal systolic, diastolic and mean arterial BP, heart rate, and the fetal BP responses to increasing doses of angiotensin II (AII). At 125 days gestation, there was a significant increase in fetal plasma ACTH and @entity4419 by 24 h after (+24 h) the start of the @entity4235 infusion, and plasma @entity701 concentrations were not different at +24 h when compared with pre-infusion values. Whilst the initial fall in circulating @entity701 concentrations may have been transient, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial BP were ~5-6 mmHg lower (P < 0.05) in @entity4235 - than in vehicle-infused fetuses at 24-48 h after the start of the infusion. When @entity4235 was infused from 137/138 days gestation, there was a significant decrease in plasma @entity701 concentrations by +6 h, which was followed by an increase back to pre-infusion values. While @entity701 concentrations decreased, there was no change in fetal mean arterial BP during the first 24 h after the start of @entity4235 infusion. Mean fetal arterial BP values at 137-139 days gestation were not different in fetuses that had been infused with either vehicle or @entity4235 from 125 days gestation or with @entity4235 from 137/138 days gestation. At 137-139 days gestation, however, arterial BP responses to increasing doses of AII were significantly blunted in fetuses that had been infused with @entity4235 from 125 days gestation, when compared with fetuses that had been infused with @entity4235 from 137/138 days gestation or with vehicle from 125 days gestation. The dissociation of the gestational age increase in arterial BP and the effects of intrafetal AII on fetal arterial BP indicates that increase in fetal BP with gestational age is not entirely a result of an increased vascular responsiveness to endogenous AII. Furthermore there may be a critical window during late gestation when the actions of @entity701 contribute to the development of vascular responsiveness to AII.

title: The effect of intrafetal infusion of XXXX on arterial blood pressure and on the arterial blood pressure response to angiotensin II in the @entity742 fetus during late gestation.

entities_list: @entity4235 :: ('MESH:D008797', 'Chemical') :: ['metyrapone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity4419 :: ('MESH:D003350', 'Chemical') :: ['11-desoxycortisol']

answer: @entity4235 :: (MESH:D008797,Chemical) :: ['metyrapone']


abstract: @entity8 ( @entity359 ) is associated with complex clinical situations such as @entity5 in a solitary kidney, bilateral, large or multicentric @entity5 or those associated with @entity2916 ( @entity2916 ) or pregnancy. Management in these situations may be challenging. Fifteen @entity1 (20 kidneys) were admitted with symptomatic @entity359 over last 10 years. Eleven @entity1 had one or the other complicating factor. Ten @entity1 had a @entity5 of >10 cm, 4 had @entity2916 , 5 had @entity5 , 1 @entity1 was pregnant and 1 had a solitary functioning kidney. With the newer imaging modalities correct diagnosis was possible in 12 cases and @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) was suspected in 3 cases. @entity2798 ( @entity2798 ) was done in 3 @entity1 , which successfully controlled @entity548 in all. Nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) was performed in 5 @entity1 . Total nephrectomy was done in 4 cases, in 3 due to suspicion of @entity1358 and in 1 due to extensive involvement of the kidney. Three @entity1 with @entity5 were chosen for conservative treatment and none developed recurrence of @entity548 on strict follow-up. In a pregnant @entity1 , @entity548 was successfully controlled with angioembolization. However, 1 @entity1 with a solitary functioning kidney with large-sized @entity5 (20 x 18 cm) underwent NSS. In conclusion, the basis of management of @entity359 is preservation of renal tissue, which can be effectively achieved with @entity2798 or NSS. In a solitary functioning kidney, NSS or @entity2798 is the ideal treatment, if feasible. The @entity1 in the @entity2916 group are usually more complicated and require life-long follow-up after initial management with NSS or @entity2798 . Pregnant @entity359 @entity1 can be safely managed with @entity2798 . Conservative treatment without any intervention and regular follow-up may be more helpful in some @entity1 with multiple, bilateral extensive @entity5 .

title: Management of XXXX in complex clinical situations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal angiomyolipoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['multiple and bilateral tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis', 'TS']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['Selective angioembolization', 'SAE']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal angiomyolipoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is observed that combined liver and colon surgery especially when this includes major liver resection with Pringle maneuver (PM) performance does not have a favorable outcome. Aim of our experimental study is to investigate the impact of portal triad occlusion on the large bowel and @entity32 and potent protective effects of the variants of (PM) in the combined surgical cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-four @entity35 were divided into four groups. In group A (control group), 1cm of the left partial colon was resected and then an end-to-end @entity254 was performed. In group B, a continuous PM for 30 minutes was performed followed by resection of 1cm of the left colon and an end-to-end @entity254 . In group C, the left colonic resection and @entity254 was performed after intermittent PM (IPM), which was 10 minutes PM followed by 5 minutes reperfusion repeated for three circles. In group D, an @entity63 preconditioning for 10 minutes was initially performed followed by 5 minutes reperfusion and then continuous PM for 30 minutes. Finally the @entity35 in group D underwent a 1cm left colonic resection and an end-to-end @entity254 . RESULTS: The percentage of @entity1960 was higher in the B group (P = 0,19). The percentage of @entity32 was not significantly higher even when we compared all "occlusion" groups (B+C+D) with the sham group. No evidence of @entity788 was found in the sham group whereas amylase and @entity9112 levels were higher in Groups B, C and D together (P = 0,0267). The comparison of group A to group B showed a significant difference (P = 0,0014) caused by continuous PM for 30 minutes, but there was no such result after IPM. CONCLUSIONS: Major liver resections are performed with PM in order to minimize intra-operative @entity190 . In the combined cases of colon surgery and major liver resections where PM is needed our results showed that IPM presents with better outcome and could be preferred compared with the other PM variants.

title: Variable Pringle Maneuvers and Effect on Intestinal Epithelium in @entity35 . A Pilot Experimental Study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: The modulation of the firing discharge of medial septal neurons and of the hippocampal electroencephalogram (EEG) mediated by actions on alpha2-adrenoreceptors (ARs) was investigated in awake @entity95 . Bilateral i.c.v. infusion of a relatively low dose (0.5 microg) of the alpha2-AR agonist @entity1338 produced a reduction in the theta rhythmicity of both medial septal neurons and the hippocampal EEG. In contrast, a high dose of @entity1338 (5 microg) increased the percentage and degree of rhythmicity of theta bursting medial septal neurons as well as the theta power of the hippocampal EEG. On the other hand, administration of alpha2-AR antagonist @entity9006 produced the opposite dose-dependent effect. While a low dose of the antagonist (20 microg) produced an increase in both the theta rhythmicity of medial septal neurons and the theta power of the hippocampal EEG, a high dose (100 microg) caused a reduction of theta rhythmicity in both the medial septum and hippocampus. These results suggest that low doses of alpha2-ARs agents may act at autoreceptors regulating the synaptic release of @entity1063 , while high doses of alpha2-ARs drugs may have a predominant postsynaptic action. Similar results were observed after local injection of the alpha2-AR drugs into the medial septum suggesting that the effects induced by the i.c.v. infusion were primarily mediated at the medial septal level. We suggest that noradrenergic transmission via the postsynaptic alpha2-ARs produces fast and strong activation of the septohippocampal system in situations that require urgent selective attention to functionally significant information (alert, aware), whereas the action via the presynaptic alpha2-ARs allows a quick return of the activity to the initial level.

title: Modulation of theta rhythmicity in the medial septal neurons and the hippocampal electroencephalogram in the awake XXXX via actions at noradrenergic alpha2-receptors.

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity9006 :: ('MESH:D019329', 'Chemical') :: ['idazoxan']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To compare the effectiveness of intraoperative three-dimensional (3D) image and conventional two-dimensional (2D) fluoroscopic images, which are used in the treatment of acute calcaneal @entity174 . METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 40 @entity1 who suffered calcaneal @entity174 and underwent surgery at Inje University Busan Paik Hospital. The @entity1 were divided into two groups. Only 2D fluoroscopy was used to evaluate 20 @entity1 of group 1. On the other hand, 3D fluoroscopy was performed on the remaining 20 @entity1 of group 2; 3D fluoroscopy was performed on these @entity1 after they were extensively evaluated by 2D fluoroscopy during surgery. We reviewed the radiographic and clinical outcomes of these @entity1 , whose average follow-up period was 42.6 months. RESULTS: In group 2, 3D fluoroscopy detected four cases (20%) of articular incongruence and screw misplacement. All these complicated cases were corrected during surgery. At the final follow-up session, the mean American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) hind foot score was 78.3 (range, 65 to 95) in group 1 and 82.3 (range, 68 to 95) in group 2. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative 3D imaging of calcaneal @entity174 is considered to be useful in evaluating the congruence of joints and the placement of implants.

title: Intraoperative Three-Dimensional Imaging in Calcaneal XXXX Treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Fracture']


abstract: We investigated the feasibility of contrast enhanced (CE)-dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the detection of @entity4115 induced hypoperfusion in an experimental @entity35 model. Adult @entity35 were subjected to unilateral @entity4115 of 360 or 720 degrees. After 1 h, the tail veins of the anaesthetized @entity35 were cannulated and T2 -, diffusion-weighted and T1-weighted CE-dynamic MRI were subsequently performed by a 1.5 T MRI scanner. On apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) images, the region of interest values of the ischaemic and control testes was compared. From CE-dynamic MR images, the maximal slopes of contrast enhancement were calculated and compared. In @entity4115 of 360 degrees, the maximal slope of contrast enhancement was 0.072%/s vs. 0.47%/s in the contralateral control @entity1062 (p < 0.001). A torsion of 720 degrees diminished the slope of contrast enhancement to 0.046%/s vs. 0.37%/s in the contralateral @entity1062 (p < 0.001). Diminished blood flow during torsion also followed in decreased ADC values in both 360 degrees (12.4% decrease; p < 0.05) and 720 degrees (10.8% decrease; p < 0.001) of torsion. Torsion of the @entity1062 causes @entity717 and decreased @entity2287 uptake in a @entity35 model that can be easily detected and quantified by CE-dynamic MRI. In diffusion-weighted MRI images, acute hypoperfusion results in a slight decrease of ADC values. Our results suggest that CE-dynamic MRI in combination with diffusion-weighted MRI can be used to detect compromised blood flow due to acute @entity4115 .

title: Magnetic resonance imaging of experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4115 :: ('MESH:D013086', 'Disease') :: ['testicular torsion']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral hypoperfusion']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity4115 :: (MESH:D013086,Disease) :: ['testicular torsion']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In order to study the effect of concentrates restriction on feed consumption, diet digestibility, and utilization of @entity1568 in captive @entity7105 ( @entity7105 ), two feeding trials were conducted on three juveniles, four sub-adults, and three adults. During trial I, the conventional zoo diets of juveniles, sub-adults, and adult contained 22, 17, and 16% of concentrates on @entity62 ( @entity62 ) basis, respectively. During trial II, the amount of concentrate was reduced by 50%. A digestion trial of five days collection period was conducted during each period. The animals ate more roughages when concentrates were restricted. Intake of @entity62 (g/kg BW(0.75) /day) was highest in sub-adults, followed by juveniles and adults. Apparent digestibility of @entity1131 ( @entity1131 ), neutral detergent soluble (NDS), and supply of digestible energy (DE) was highest in juveniles, followed by sub-adults and adults. Based upon the estimated metabolic fecal @entity1568 (MFN) and calculated endogenous urinary @entity1568 (EUN) and dermal losses, minimum dietary @entity1131 required to meet maintenance requirement was estimated to be 6.12, 6.05, and 5.97% in juveniles, sub-adults, and adults, respectively. Restriction of concentrates resulted in decreased (P   <   0.05) digestibility of @entity62 and GE, but the diet still supplied adequate amounts of DE and @entity1131 to fulfill estimated requirements of energy and protein during the period of experimentation. Thus, the concentrates portion of the diets of captive @entity7105 should be fed in a restricted way so as to reduce the intake of excessive calories and the potential risk of @entity28 . Zoo Biol. 9999:1-11, 2014.    2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Effect of concentrates restriction on feed consumption, diet digestibility, and XXXX utilization in captive @entity7105 ( @entity7105 ).

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'crude protein']

entities_list: @entity7105 :: ('9783', 'Species') :: ['Elephas maximus', 'Asian elephants']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'dry matter']

answer: @entity1568 :: (MESH:D009584,Chemical) :: ['nitrogen']


abstract: The continuous use of @entity5627 can result in the development of drug resistance. @entity5638 -resistant clinical isolates, spontaneous and induced mutants of @entity54 have been documented. The azoles block the @entity12364 biosynthesis pathway by inhibiting the enzyme 14-alpha-demethylase, product of the CYP51. Fungal @entity5638 resistance involves both @entity535 changes in the target site that alter drug-target interactions and those that decrease net @entity5638 accumulation. The reduced intracellular accumulation has also been correlated with overexpression of multidrug resistance (MDR) efflux transporter genes of the @entity855 -binding cassette (ABC) and the @entity3173 ( @entity3173 ) classes. About 20 genes are involved in the A. fumigatus @entity12364 biosynthesis pathway. There are several duplicated genes in this pathway. Interestingly, erg3 and erg11 showed two copies in A. fumigatus. In general, @entity54 spp. have proportionally more @entity3173 transporter encoding genes than @entity375 , @entity6739 , and @entity1980 . The drug H+ (12 and 14 spanners) sub-families are also proportionally greater than in the other species. Although the numbers of ABC transporter encoding genes are comparable, again the @entity54 spp. have more ABC transporters related to multidrug permease than the other fungal species.

title: The @entity12364 biosynthesis pathway, transporter genes, and @entity5638 resistance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12364 :: ('MESH:D004875', 'Chemical') :: ['ergosterol']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3173 :: ('MESH:D004830', 'Disease') :: ['major facilitator superfamily', 'MFS']

entities_list: @entity1980 :: ('5141', 'Species') :: ['Neurospora crassa']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus', 'Aspergillus']

entities_list: @entity5627 :: ('MESH:D014230', 'Chemical') :: ['triazoles']

entities_list: @entity5638 :: ('CHEBI:68452', 'Chemical') :: ['azole', 'Azole']

answer: @entity54 :: (746128,Species) :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']


abstract: @entity3 is a complicated multistep process that involves interactions between @entity5 cells and their surrounding microenvironments. Previously, we have established a series of lung @entity420 cell lines with varying degrees of invasiveness. Tracheal graft assay confirmed that cell lines with higher in vitro invasiveness had greater in vivo invasive potential. In this study, we used these model cell lines to identify invasion-associated genes using cDNA microarray with colorimetric detection. A more invasive subline, CL 1-5-F 4, derived from metastatic @entity2 of severe combined immunodeficient @entity19 inoculated with CL 1-5 cells, was combined with CL 1-0, CL 1-1, and CL 1-5 in cDNA microarray screening. cDNA microarray membranes, each containing 9600 nonredundant expressed sequence tag clones, were used to identify differentially expressed genes in these cell lines. For statistical analysis, self-organizing map algorithm was performed to identify the expression patterns. Positive correlation between gene expression levels and cell line invasiveness was found in 2.9% of the 9600 putative genes. On the other hand, negative correlation was found in 3.3% of the genes. The trends of expression of some of the genes were also confirmed by Northern hybridization and flow cytometry. Our data demonstrated that genes related to cell adhesion, motility, angiogenesis, signal transduction, and some other expressed sequence tag genes may play significant roles in the @entity3 process. These results substantiate the model system with which one can identify invasion-associated genes by using cDNA microarray and @entity5 cell lines of different invasiveness. This technique may allow us to explore complex interactions between multiple genes that orchestrate the process of @entity5 @entity3 .

title: Global analysis of gene expression in invasion by a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Up to 30% @entity5 @entity1 suffer recurrence within 5 years of curative surgery. We sought to improve existing protein-coding gene and microRNA expression prognostic classifiers by incorporating epigenetic biomarkers. METHODS: Genome-wide screening of DNA methylation and pyrosequencing analysis of @entity29475 promoter methylation were performed in two independently collected cohorts of @entity2 . The prognostic value of @entity29475 promoter methylation alone and in combination with mRNA and miRNA biomarkers was assessed by Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis in both cohorts. RESULTS: Promoters of genes marked by polycomb in embryonic stem cells were methylated de novo in @entity5 and identified @entity1 with poor prognosis. The @entity29475 locus was methylated de novo in stage I @entity5 (p < 0.0005). High @entity29475 promoter methylation was associated with worse @entity5 -specific survival (hazard ratio [HR], 2.6; p = 0.02) and recurrence-free survival (HR, 3.0; p = 0.01), and identified high-risk @entity1 in stratified analysis of stages IA and IB. Four protein-coding gene ( @entity15200 , @entity5345 , @entity7738 , and @entity21158 ), @entity10017 expression, and @entity29475 promoter methylation were each independently associated with outcome (HR, 2.8; p = 0.002; HR, 2.3; p = 0.01; and HR, 2.4; p = 0.005, respectively), and when combined, identified high-risk, therapy naive, stage I @entity1 (HR, 10.2; p = 3   *   10). All associations were confirmed in two independently collected cohorts. CONCLUSION: A prognostic classifier comprising three types of genomic and epigenomic data may help guide the postoperative management of @entity5 @entity1 at high risk of recurrence.

title: An Integrated Prognostic Classifier for XXXX Based on mRNA, microRNA, and DNA Methylation Biomarkers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage I lung cancer', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['stage I lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Stage I Lung Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Yukyung karne (YK) is a traditional Tibetan formulation used for many centuries for the treatment of @entity43 . However, the pharmacological basis of its anticancer property is not well understood. In the present study, the anticancer property of YK was investigated in cell culture. METHODS: The growth inhibitory property of YK was evaluated in SKOV6, IHH, HepG2 and HEK293 cell lines using @entity98 assay. The pro-apoptotic activity of drug was analyzed by terminal deoxynuleotidyl transferase @entity1977 nick end labeling (TUNEL) and DNA fragmentation assays. Confocal microscopy was used to show the release of @entity4674 and its co-localization with mitochondria with the help of dsRed mitotracker in SKOV6 cells. The inhibition in cell proliferation was also visualized by confocal microscopy after @entity1603 incorporation. The activation of @entity5 suppressor @entity876 was evaluated by Western blotting while @entity7 levels in culture supernatant were measured by a colorimetric method. RESULTS: YK specifically and efficiently induced apoptotic killing of the @entity1 @entity43 SKOV6 cells as indicated by increased DNA fragmentation and nick end DNA labeling. Confocal microscopy suggested inhibition of cell proliferation and increase in @entity4674 release via perturbation in mitochondrial membrane potential (    m). Further, YK up-regulated the expression of @entity5 suppressor @entity876 and key cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor @entity3544 , and inhibited @entity7 secretion by cells. Interestingly, YK also exhibited a synergy with @entity1311 which is a well-known anti- @entity5 therapeutic drug. CONCLUSIONS: The pharmacological properties of YK to impose growth arrest and trigger pro-apoptotic death in cells amply justify its usage in primary as well as adjunct therapy for @entity43 .

title: Molecular insights into the anti- XXXX properties of traditional Tibetan medicine Yukyung Karne.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Introduction of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) has dramatically changed the management of locally advanced @entity0 (LABC). However, very few randomized trials of NACT have been carried out specifically in LABC @entity1 in our country. In this retrospective analysis, we presented our experience with NACT in LABC @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records of 148 @entity1 of stage III LABC @entity1 treated with NACT, followed by surgery and radiotherapy from January 2006 to December 2010 were reviewed. Clinical and pathological responses to different chemotherapy regimens were assessed according to World Health Organization criteria. Various factors influencing response to NACT and clinical outcome were identified and analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 90 (60.8%) @entity1 received @entity4349 -based chemotherapy and 52 (35.1%) @entity1 received mixed @entity4349 and @entity3907 -based chemotherapy.119 @entity1 (80.4%) responded to NACT either in the form of complete or partial response (PR). Complete response was seen in 27 (18.2%) @entity1 and 92 (62.2%) @entity1 showed PR after NACT. Pathological complete response was seen in 24 (16.2%) @entity1 -. At a median follow-up period of 44 months 36 @entity1 (24.3%) developed relapse of which six @entity1 developed locoregional recurrence, while 28 (18.9%) @entity1 developed distant @entity3 . Nodal status, response to chemotherapy, pathological @entity5 size <3 cm and extracapsular extension (ECE) came out to be important prognostic factors in this study. CONCLUSION: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a reasonable alternative to upfront surgery in the management of LABC. Clinicopathological variables such as nodal status, response to chemotherapy, pathological @entity5 size and presence of ECE had significant impact on disease free survival.

title: Outcome of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced XXXX : A tertiary care centre experience.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: An outcrossed @entity235 pedigree was developed for quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of @entity572 by breeding dysplastic Labrador retrievers to trait-free greyhounds. Measured susceptibility traits included age at onset of femoral @entity9980 (OSS), maximum hip distraction (laxity) index ( @entity6684 ), and the dorsolateral subluxation (DLS) score. The pedigrees consisted of 147 @entity235 representing four generations. For 59 @entity235 genotyped with 65 microsatellites, the median heterozygosity and polymorphic information content (PIC) values of the F(1) generation were 0.82 and 0.68, respectively. Seventy-seven percent of microsatellites had a PIC greater than 0.59 in the F(1)s. Ninety-six percent of alleles showed Mendelian inheritance. Based on marker informativeness, approximately 350 randomly selected markers would be required for genome-wide screening to obtain an average interval between informative markers of 10 cM. Heritability was estimated as 0.43, 0.5, and 0.61 for OSS, @entity6684 , and the DLS score, respectively. Biometric estimates of the mean (+/- variance) effective number of segregating QTLs was 1.2 (+/- 0.05), 0.8 (+/- 0.02), and 1.0 (+/- 0.03) for OSS, @entity6684 , and the DLS score, respectively. The distributions of simulated backcross trait data suggested that the loci controlling these traits acted additively and that the @entity6684 may be controlled by a major locus. When combined with previous power and quantitative genetic analyses, these estimates indicate that this pedigree is informative for QTL mapping of @entity572 traits.

title: Genetic structure of susceptibility traits for @entity572 and microsatellite informativeness of an outcrossed XXXX pedigree.

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity9980 :: ('MESH:C562735', 'Disease') :: ['capital chondroepiphyseal ossification']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Context     @entity34 ( @entity34 ) is a subgroup of @entity3675 ( @entity3675 ). Both @entity34 and @entity3675 have been successful as adjunctive treatment modalities in substance abuse treatment. Studies have indicated that gardening promotes neuroendocrine and affective restoration from stress. Objectives     The study intended to assess the effect of @entity34 versus nonhorticultural @entity3675 on @entity701 levels, @entity308 , symptoms of @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ), @entity285 cravings, and quality of life. Methods     The research team designed a randomized pilot study. Setting     The study was open for participation from July 2012-October 2012. It took place during multiple occurrences of a 28-d treatment programs for substance use disorder at a Veterans Affairs medical center. @entity1     @entity1 were 49 veterans, averaging 46.4 y old (SD = 11.9); the dropout rate was 37%. Intervention     @entity1 were randomly assigned to the @entity34 or the @entity3675 group. They attended supervised @entity34 and @entity3675 groups 5 h/d for 3 wk. Outcome Measures     Pre- and posttreatment, @entity1 completed the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF), the @entity285 Craving Questionnaire (ACQ-NOW), the @entity1005 Checklist Civilian Version (PCLC), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies @entity308 Scale (CES-D). Salivary @entity701 samples were taken at wk 1, 2, and 3. Results     A repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) (F2,20 = 0.878) revealed that the @entity34 performed was associated with a 12% reduction in salivary @entity701 levels from wk 1 to wk 3, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = .43). Separate 1-way analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) revealed no statistically significant differences in the self-administered tests, although both the Q-LES-Q-SF and CES-D showed a trend toward improving quality of life and @entity308 in the @entity34 group compared with the @entity3675 group. Additional analysis of the nonbiologic tests suggests that most @entity1 in the @entity34 and @entity3675 had some benefit from the programmed activities. Conclusions     The trends suggest that @entity34 may modulate stress in veterans, as evidenced by decreased @entity701 levels and @entity308 , and may improve quality of life more than the programs in which the @entity3675 group participated. Further investigation with larger samples, including a nontreatment control group, is needed to determine whether the observed trends are treatment effects or due to abstinence.

title: Horticultural Therapy: A Pilot Study on Modulating XXXX Levels and Indices of Substance Craving, @entity1005 , @entity308 , and Quality of Life in Veterans.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity3675 :: ('MESH:D009784', 'Disease') :: ['OT', 'occupational therapy']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['Posttraumatic Stress Disorder', 'posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity285 :: ('D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'Horticultural therapy']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['Cortisol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Introduction. @entity5576 ( @entity5576 ) may result in a chronic debilitating disease. Dural @entity50 with a physiologic venous pressure gradient has been identified as a potential etiology in a number of @entity5576 @entity1 . Intracranial venous stenting has emerged as a potential treatment alternative. Methods. A systematic review was carried out to identify studies employing venous stenting for @entity5576 . Results. From 2002 to 2014, 17 studies comprising 185 @entity1 who underwent 221 stenting procedures were reported. Mean prestent pressure gradient was 20.1   mmHg (95% CI 19.4-20.7   mmHg) with a mean poststent gradient of 4.4   mmHg (95% CI 3.5-5.2   mmHg). Complications occurred in 10 @entity1 (5.4%; 95% CI 4.7-5.4%) but were major in only 3 (1.6%). At a mean clinical follow-up of 22 months, clinical improvement was noted in 130 of 166 @entity1 with @entity10 (78.3%; 95% CI 75.8-80.8%), 84 of 89 @entity1 with @entity1829 (94.4%; 95% CI 92.1-96.6%), and 64 of 74 @entity1 with @entity227 (86.5%; 95% CI 83.0-89.9%). In-stent @entity850 was noted in six @entity1 (3.4%; 95% CI 2.5-4.3%) and stent-adjacent @entity850 occurred in 19 @entity1 (11.4%; 95% CI 10.4-12.4), resulting in restenting in 10 @entity1 . Conclusion. In @entity5576 @entity1 with @entity50 and a physiologic pressure gradient, venous stenting appears to be a safe and effective therapeutic option. Further studies are necessary to determine the long-term outcomes and the optimal management of medically refractory @entity5576 .

title: Endovascular Treatment of XXXX in @entity5576 : Complications, Neurological Outcomes, and Radiographic Results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual symptoms']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papilledema']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['venous sinus stenosis']

entities_list: @entity5576 :: ('MESH:D011559', 'Disease') :: ['Idiopathic intracranial hypertension', 'IIH']

answer: @entity50 :: (MESH:D012851,Disease) :: ['Venous Sinus Stenosis']