abstract: AIM: To investigate the correlation between clinical, high frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and, where possible, histological findings in cases of @entity2687 presenting to the departments of ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for @entity1 , London, and the Hospital for Sick @entity1 , Toronto, Canada. METHOD: 22 eyes of 13 @entity1 (age range 3-225 days) with congenitally opaque corneas were examined. UBM was performed using the ultrasound biomicroscope (Allergan-Humphrey). All eyes underwent penetrating keratoplasties (PKP) except five. The host corneas were all sent for histological examination. RESULTS: The final diagnosis in our series was @entity14417 in nine cases (70%), @entity3985 in two cases (15%), and @entity46622 in two cases (15%). The UBM findings changed the clinical diagnosis in five cases (38%). In these five cases histology was available in four and confirmed the UBM diagnosis in each case. In no case of the 13 where histology was available did it contradict the UBM findings. In two cases a hypoechoic region in the anterior stroma was seen on UBM which correlated histologically with absent Bowman's layer and @entity4 . In two cases UBM revealed @entity6716 and in one, @entity46623 , which was not apparent clinically. CONCLUSION: UBM examination is not only very useful in evaluating the clinical diagnosis in @entity2687 , it also acts as a preoperative guide in cases undergoing PKP by detecting keratolenticular and @entity22958 and other @entity735 such as @entity6716 and @entity46623 . In all cases where PKP was performed the UBM diagnosis was confirmed histologically. The clinical diagnosis was incorrect in five cases. This has important implications in studies of phenotype/genotype correlation of @entity2687 .

title: Clinicopathological correlation of XXXX using ultrasound biomicroscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity3985 :: ('MESH:D003317', 'Disease') :: ['corneal dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['ocular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity46622 :: ('MESH:C565209', 'Disease') :: ['sclerocornea']

entities_list: @entity46623 :: ('MESH:C537786', 'Disease') :: ['congenital aphakia']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['congenital corneal opacification']

entities_list: @entity22958 :: ('MESH:D057129', 'Disease') :: ['iridocorneal adhesions']

entities_list: @entity14417 :: ('MESH:C537884', 'Disease') :: ["Peters' anomaly"]

answer: @entity2687 :: (MESH:D003316,Disease) :: ['congenital corneal opacification']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In a new health care economy, there is an emerging need to understand and quantify predictors of @entity572 ( @entity572 ) outcomes. We investigated the association between preoperative radiographic disease (as measured quantitatively by joint space width [JSW]) and @entity1 -reported function, activity, @entity158 , and quality of life after @entity572 . METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 146 @entity1 (146 hips) 55 years or younger with a diagnosis of @entity571 who underwent cementless @entity572 between January 2009 and December 2010. Preoperative pelvic radiographs were measured by 1 author blinded to clinical outcomes to establish JSW, defined as the shortest distance between the femoral head margin and the superolateral weight-bearing portion of the acetabulum. The JSW value was treated as a continuous variable when applied to statistical modeling. The relationship between the JSW and the improvement of clinical outcome was examined via a general linear modeling approach with adjustments for @entity1 ' age, body mass index, and sex. RESULTS: We identified an inverse relationship between preoperative JSW and improvements in functional, activity, @entity158 , and quality of life. We found that, as JSW decreased by 1 mm, the outcome measure improvements were modified Harris Hip Score of 6.3 (p<0.001); SF-12 physical: 2.1 (p=0.027); WOMAC- @entity158 : 4.8 (p=0.01); and UCLA Activity: 0.44 (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that @entity1 with greater preoperative joint space have less predictable improvement in terms of function, @entity158 relief, and activity. These findings suggest that @entity572 in young @entity1 with a JSW less than 1.5 to 2 mm provides more predictable improvements in @entity158 and functional outcomes.

title: Preoperative Joint Space Width Predicts @entity1 -Reported Outcomes After Total Hip Arthroplasty in Young XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['THA', 'total hip arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the efficacy and safety of @entity136 and @entity902 salt, with or without trastuzumab, in @entity1 with locally advanced or metastatic @entity189 overexpressing @entity1722 . METHODS: The main eligibility criterion was @entity1722 overexpression on immunohistochemistry (IHC 2+ or 3+) of primary @entity5 tissue confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). @entity1 were randomised to Arm A: @entity136 1000mg/m(2) (days 1 and 8) plus either @entity900 (70mg/m(2)) or @entity3003 (AUC=5) (day 1 every 3weeks) or Arm B: added trastuzumab (8mg/kg loading dose, then 6mg/kg every 21days until progression). The primary end-point was progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: Among 563 screened @entity1 , 75 (13.3%) were @entity1722 positive (IHC 2+/3+ and FISH+) and 61 met all eligibility criteria (median age, 64years; 54/61 males; 50/61 baseline ECOG-PS 0-1; 11 locally advanced and 50 metastatic). There was no significant difference between Arms A and B in median PFS (10.2 versus 8.2months, respectively, p=0.689), objective response rate (65.5% versus 53.2%, p=0.39), and median overall survival (15.7 versus 14.1months, respectively, p=0.684). In an exploratory analysis, trastuzumab-treated @entity1 receiving @entity900 rather than @entity3003 -based chemotherapy fared better (PFS: 10.6 versus 8.0; OS: 33.1 versus 9.5months). Myelosuppression was the main grade 3/4 @entity137 . A case of grade 3 @entity1370 and one death from @entity1398 occurred in arm B. CONCLUSION: The unexpectedly low incidence of @entity1722 overexpression precluded the detection of a significant difference in efficacy on addition of trastuzumab to @entity902 -based chemotherapy with @entity136 . However, the satisfactory tolerance of the combination warrants further studies, especially of the @entity900 -based combination, in well-defined @entity1 subsets.

title: Multicentre randomised phase II trial of @entity136 + XXXX , with or without trastuzumab, in advanced or metastatic @entity189 overexpressing @entity1722 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['platinum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Portsmouth Physiological and Operative Severity Score for enUmeration of Mortality and morbidity (P-POSSUM) equation permits comparative audit that allows for differences in case mix. The methodology has previously been shown accurately to model general surgical and vascular surgical @entity1 . @entity1 with a @entity1755 ( @entity1028 ) are, however, very different from elective @entity1 and it may be hypothesized that they require their own specific risk model. METHODS: POSSUM data on 444 (213 emergency, 231 elective) admissions for @entity1028 surgery between August 1993 and July 2000 were analysed using the P-POSSUM equation for general surgery and the P-POSSUM equations developed for vascular surgery. RESULTS: All equations successfully modelled the elective @entity439 but failed to fit the @entity439 , and the elective and @entity439 combined. This suggested that admission method (not a POSSUM data item) is an important factor for @entity1 with @entity1028 . However, with these data it was not possible to generate a model, including admission method, that successfully modelled the combined elective and emergency data. The 213 emergency aneurysm repairs were divided into two groups by operation date. The first 106 (training set) were used to form logistic regression models following the P-POSSUM methodology. These models were found successfully to fit the remaining 107 records (test set) on prospective application (chi2 = 4.50, 4 d.f., P = 0.345). CONCLUSION: Ruptured AAAs appear to be different from elective AAAs and other vascular cases and require their own risk model.

title: Portsmouth POSSUM models for XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['emergency aneurysms', 'aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: The Belgian severe @entity565 registry is a web-based registry encompassing demographic, clinical, functional and inflammatory data of severe @entity748 (SA), aiming at improving awareness, knowledge on its natural history and subphenotypes, and offering tools to optimize care of this @entity565 population. METHODS: The cross-sectional analyses of this registry included 350 SA as defined by the ATS (2000) from 9 Belgian centres, with at least one year follow up. RESULTS: Mean age was 55      14  yrs. SA were more frequently female (57%) and @entity1097 (70%). Late-onset @entity565 (>= 40  yr) was observed in 31% of SA. Current smokers represented 12% while 31% were ex-smokers. In addition to high doses ICS  +  LABA, 65% of @entity1 were receiving @entity21292 , 27% anti-IgE and 24% maintenance oral @entity288 (8  mg (Interquartile range-IQR:4-8) @entity1667 ). Despite impaired airflow (median FEV1:67%; IQR: 52-81) only 65% had a post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio <70%. The median blood eosinophil count was 240/mm  . The median FENO was 26  ppb (IQR: 15-43) and 22% of SA had FENO  >=   50  ppb. Induced sputum was successful in 86 @entity1 . @entity1712 (sputum Eos  >=   3%) was the predominant phenotype (55%) while neutrophilic (sputum @entity331  >=   76%) and paucigranulocytic @entity565 accounted for 22% and 17% respectively. Comorbidities included @entity2490 and chronic rhinosinusitis (49%), @entity1412 (19%), @entity354 (36%), overweight and @entity28 (47%) and @entity308 (19%). In addition, 8% had @entity117 -induced @entity565 and 3% @entity17178 . Asthma was not well-controlled in 83% according to ACT  <  20 and 77% with ACQ  >  1.5. CONCLUSION: In this cohort of @entity1 with severe @entity565 , the majority displayed indices of persistent airflow limitation and eosinophilic @entity32 despite high-dose @entity288 , suggesting potential for eosinophil-targeted biotherapies.

title: Heterogeneity of phenotypes in severe XXXX . The Belgian Severe Asthma Registry (BSAR).

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatics']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['Eosinophilic asthma']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyposis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['asthmatics']


abstract: AIM: The mostly known genotypic virulence features of @entity1534 are cytotoxin associated gene A ( @entity2757 ) and Vacuoliting cytotoxin gene A (VacA). We investigated the association of these major virulence factors with @entity1066 and non- @entity1066 @entity2210 in our region. METHODS: One hundred and forty two dyspeptic @entity1 were studied (average age 44.8+/-15.9 years, range 15-87 years, 64 males and 78 females). Antral and corpus biopsies were taken for detecting and genotyping of @entity1534 . 107 @entity1 who were @entity1534 positive by histological assessment were divided into three groups according to endoscopic findings: Duodenal @entity1066 (DU), @entity2275 (NUD). The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect @entity2757 and VacA genes of @entity1534 using specific primers. RESULTS: @entity1534 was isolated from 75.4 % (107/142) of the @entity1 . Of the 107 @entity1 , 66 (61.7 %) were @entity2757 -positive and 82 (76.6 %) were VacA-positive. @entity2757 gene was positively associated with DU and GU (P<0.01, P<0.02), but not with NUD (P>0.05). Although VacA positivity in @entity1066 @entity1 was higher than that in NUD group, the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: There is a significantly positive association between @entity2757 genes and DU and GU. The presence of VacA is not a predictive marker for DU, GU, and NUD in our @entity1 .

title: Association of @entity2757 and VacA presence with @entity1066 and non- @entity1066 XXXX in a Turkish population.

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcer (GU) and non-ulcer dyspepsia']

answer: @entity2210 :: (MESH:D004415,Disease) :: ['dyspepsia']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity3860 tartrate suppositories are used for treatment of @entity2704 attacks. @entity102 may lead to severe @entity532 such as ulceration, stricture, and @entity3622 . These complications are rare, and only sporadic reports may be found. Nevertheless, awareness of this entity on the part of prescribing physicians and treating colorectal surgeons is essential for a successful outcome, because withdrawal of this medication is an inherent part of treatment. @entity1 : Five female @entity1 were referred for treatment of symptomatic strictures of the anal canal and lower rectum. All of these @entity1 admitted prolonged, nearly daily use of three to seven @entity3860 tartrate suppositories. RESULTS: Three @entity1 with severe @entity850 of the anal verge and anal canal were treated by Y-V anoplasty, and two @entity1 with circular stricture of the lower third of the rectum had balloon dilatations. In all @entity1 the use of @entity3860 suppositories was stopped, and alternative medication was instituted. Long-term follow-up (3-12 years) showed complete resolution of symptoms. CONCLUSION: In view of the availability of new effective drugs for treatment of @entity2704 ( @entity750 agonists) and considering the potentially severe complications of chronic use of @entity3860 , the use of this medication should be abandoned.

title: XXXX -induced anorectal strictures: report of five cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3860 :: ('MESH:D004878', 'Chemical') :: ['ergotamine', 'Ergotamine']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal complications']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic abuse']

entities_list: @entity3622 :: ('MESH:D012006', 'Disease') :: ['rectovaginal fistula']

entities_list: @entity2704 :: ('MESH:D008881', 'Disease') :: ['migraine headache']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity3860 :: (MESH:D004878,Chemical) :: ['Ergotamine']


abstract: Light-at-night exposure enhances the risk of @entity5 . @entity694 is among the most @entity5 affecting humankind. Physical exercise has shown positive effects against @entity694 . Here, we investigated whether pineal gland modulates antipreneoplastic effects of physical exercise in the colon. Surgical and non-surgical @entity979 were performed to clarify the relationship between the pineal gland activity and manifestation of @entity1049 . Next, a progressive swimming training was applied in @entity35 exposed or not to either @entity979 or carcinogen treatment for 10 weeks. Both surgical and non-surgical @entity979 increased the development of @entity694 . It was further found that impairing the pineal gland function, higher rates of DNA damage were induced in colonic epithelial and enteric glial cells. Physical exercise acted positively against preneoplasia, whereas impairing the pineal function with constant light exposure disrupts its positive effects on the development of @entity1613 in the colon. This was yet related to increased DNA damage in glial cells and enteric neuronal activation aside from serum @entity2493 levels. Our findings suggest that protective effects of physical exercise against @entity694 are dependent on the pineal gland activity.

title: Pineal gland function is required for colon antipreneoplastic effects of physical exercise in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity979 :: ('MESH:D010871', 'Disease') :: ['pineal impairments', 'non-surgical pineal impairment']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'dangerous tumors']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['preneoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon preneoplasia', 'Colon cancer', 'colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic preneoplastic lesions']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Based on the 7-years results, assess the interest of organised @entity5 screening on regional level (the EVE campaign). ORGANISATION AND METHOD: The screening relied on existing medical structures. The centralised data collection, with data from the cyto-pathology laboratories assessed the quality of screening and the participation of the @entity1 to the follow-up of abnormal smears. The campaign run by a local @entity1 's rights association and sponsored by National educational and health information funds (FNPEIS) and the local councils. RESULTS: To date, 814 649 smears in the Bas-Rhin and 62 227 in the Haut-Rhin have been collected. After 3 years, 72% of @entity1 aged 25 to 64 in the year 1997, in the Bas-Rhin, had had at least one smear, and 82% after 5 years. Inadequate smears represented less than 1% of all smears of the region. Pathological smears represented around 4% of the total and benefited from strict monitoring which could be improved. However this could be improved on since only 75% of @entity1 in whom a low-grade lesion was suspected underwent a second examination within the year that followed. The rate was on 80% for those with suspected high-grade lesions. Reminders made by the EVE association, in agreement with practitioners, permitted postponed follow-up and improved screening coverage. CONCLUSION: The EVE programme clearly shows that organized screening is feasible in France because the results obtained are satisfactory in terms of screening coverage and quality of smears. Centralised data collection permits detection of possible weak points and contributes to the improvement in efficacy.

title: [EVE, a regional campaign for the screening of XXXX . Organization, 7-years results and perspectives].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inflammation is involved in all stages of development of @entity731 . Currently, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a  widely used method of treatment of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) when combined with @entity910 ( @entity910 ). However, there is still controversy over invasive versus optimal pharmacological treatment in @entity453 ( @entity453 ). Systemic inflammatory response triggered by PCI may limit its effectiveness in @entity1 with @entity453 . OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate plasma @entity1851 and its relation to @entity556 generation and platelet reactivity both early after the procedure and in a  one-month observation following successful PCI with stent implantation, in @entity1 with @entity453 and @entity910 , including statins. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a  prospective study, in which @entity1851 , platelet activation, @entity556 generation and time course of prothrombin activation were determined at baseline, 3-5  days and 30  days after successful PCI with stent implantation, in 50 consecutive @entity1 with @entity453 , on chronic statin therapy. RESULTS: Early after PCI @entity1851 increased by 176% as compared with baseline (p  <  0.001) and one-month after angioplasty @entity1851 was still 54% higher than before the procedure (p  =  0.002). In multivariate model prolonged increase in @entity5259  month after PCI was independently associated with @entity3075 -reactivity index (PRI) (p  =  0.04) and maximum concentration of @entity556 (p  =  0.003), both measured 30  days after the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Post-procedural @entity1851 increase, which persists at least one month in @entity1 with @entity453 , after elective PCI with stent implantation, is one of the main finding of our study. We demonstrated the relationship between prolonged post-PCI inflammatory reaction, reflected by elevated @entity1851 , and increased @entity556 generation and low platelets' response to @entity1397 , which may account for limited benefits of PCI in stable coronary @entity1 . It may be advisable to assay post-procedural @entity1851 in each @entity1 with @entity453 , who underwent PCI to predict those, with potentially low response to @entity1397 .

title: Prolonged XXXX Increase After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Is Associated with High @entity556 Concentrations and Low Platelet' Response to @entity1397 in @entity1 with Stable Angina.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['OMT', 'optimal medical therapy']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'SCAD', 'coronary artery disease', 'stable CAD']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic plaques']

answer: @entity1851 :: (1401,Gene) :: ['CRP']


abstract: This editorial comments on two similar reviews of the literature on @entity0 and post-menopausal hormone therapies (HTs), puts the results in clinical perspective and suggests where they direct future research and clinical management. Although epidemiological studies have suggested increased @entity0 risk for all menopausal @entity101 regimens, unopposed oral @entity172 regimens have not been associated with any increased risk in recent randomized placebo controlled trials (RCTs). Added progestogen after 5 years of combined @entity101 in RCTs increases the risk of @entity0 by four cases per 10,000 per annum. As yet there is no evidence of different risk by progestogen type, dose or route. Theoretically local intrauterine progestogen may not give the same risk, but long-term trials are required. The commentary addresses the responsibility of the media in presenting levels of risk to the public, moving towards safer regimens, safer therapies, appropriate @entity1 choice and, in particular, correct timing of @entity101 where it is prescribed around menopause. This is in contrast to many of the trials when @entity101 was administered after the potential climacteric window of therapeutic opportunity. The current main indication for @entity101 remains for menopausal symptom control where it improves quality of life. @entity101 may be required for many years. The informed @entity1 should decide on @entity101 based on her personal benefits and risks, which should include all aspects of her health.

title: Current status of hormone therapy and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: In this study, the spontaneous dwarf @entity35 (SDR) has been used to examine @entity11523 production and action in the selective absence of endogenous @entity11249 . This dwarf model is unique in that @entity11249 is not produced because of a point mutation in the @entity11249 gene. However, other pituitary hormones are not obviously compromised. Examination of the hypothalamic pituitary-axis of SDRs revealed that @entity11523 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were increased, whereas @entity1943 (SS) and @entity10969 (NPY) mRNA levels were decreased, compared with age- and sex-matched normal controls, as determined by Northern blot analysis (n = 5 animals/group; P < 0.05). The elevated levels of @entity11523 mRNA in the SDR hypothalamus were accompanied by a 56% increase in pituitary @entity56965 ( @entity56965 ) mRNA, as determined by RT-PCR (P < 0.05). To investigate whether the up-regulation of @entity56965 mRNA resulted in an increase in @entity56965 function, SDR and control pituitary cell cultures were challenged with @entity11523 (0.001-10 nM; 15 min), and intracellular @entity268 concentrations were measured by RIA. Interestingly, SDR pituitary cells were hyperresponsive to 1 and 10 nM @entity11523 , which induced a rise in intracellular @entity268 concentrations 50% greater than that observed in control cultures (n = 3 separate experiments; P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Replacement of @entity11249 , by osmotic minipump (10 microg/h for 72 h), resulted in the suppression of @entity11523 mRNA levels (P < 0.01), whereas SS and NPY mRNA levels were increased (P < 0.05), compared with vehicle-treated controls (n = 5 animals/treatment group). Consonant with the fall in hypothalamic @entity11523 mRNA was a decrease in pituitary @entity56965 mRNA levels. Although replacement of @entity2135 ( @entity2135 ), by osmotic pump (5 microg/h for 72 h), resulted in a rise in circulating @entity2135 concentrations comparable with that observed after @entity11249 replacement, @entity2135 treatment was ineffective in modulating @entity11523 , SS, or NPY mRNA levels. However, @entity2135 treatment did reduce pituitary @entity56965 mRNA levels, compared with vehicle-treated controls (P < 0.05). These results further validate the role of @entity11249 as a negative regulator of hypothalamic @entity11523 expression, and they suggest that SS and NPY act as intermediaries in @entity11249 -induced suppression of hypothalamic @entity11523 synthesis. These data also demonstrate that increases in circulating @entity2135 are not responsible for changes in hypothalamic function observed after @entity11249 treatment. Finally, this report establishes modulation of @entity56965 synthesis as a component of @entity11249 autofeedback regulation.

title: Hypothalamic/pituitary-axis of the spontaneous dwarf @entity35 : autofeedback regulation of XXXX ( @entity11249 ) includes suppression of @entity11249 releasing-hormone receptor messenger ribonucleic acid.

entities_list: @entity2135 :: ('24482(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-I', 'insulin-like growth factor-I']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity11249 :: (81668(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['growth hormone']


abstract: The present report deals with the behaviour of mast cells in @entity19 in the course of @entity2330 @entity281 by the strains. @entity19 weighing about l6 gm were used for three experimental groups; control, sham @entity281 and experimental. The experimental group was infected with @entity2330 trophozoites directly into cecum by laparotomy. Strains isolated from three hepatic amoebic abscess cases were used. Mesenteric samples from the region of terminal ileum were fixed in @entity1042 and stained with Pugh's solution. The @entity1066 in cecum were examined. Changes in number and structure of mesenteric mast cells and blood eosinophils were as follows. 1. The number of mast cell in mesenteric tissues of the infected group increased from first day of the @entity281 and persisted up to 34th day of the observation period. 2. Degranulation and disruption of mast cells increased in the infected group compared with groups of the sham operation and the contro1, but showed no difference by the strains of @entity2330 . 3. The blood @entity1712 was observed in the infected group and persisted until the observation period. 4. Ulcers in cecum were found in all the infected groups. The results above indicate that mast cells are keenly related with the course of @entity2330 @entity281 .

title: [Behaviour Of Mast Cells In XXXX In The Course Of @entity2330 Infection By Strains]

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity2330 :: ('5759', 'Species') :: ['Entamoeba histolytica']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: AIMS: To describe the prevalence of @entity28 and other @entity301 and @entity164 2 @entity6 risk factors by age and ethnic group in Pacific Island communities and to determine the associations between these risk factors and body mass index. METHODS: Cross-sectional data from commuity-based intervention projects were combined to provide anthropometric, blood sample and blood pressure data on 1,175 Pacific Islands @entity1 (467 @entity1 , 708 @entity1 ) aged 20 years and over from church communities in South, Central and West Auckland. Self-reported data on @entity6 status and leisure-time physical activity were also collected. RESULTS: Based on an ethnic-specific mass index (BMI) cut-off (> 32 kg/m2), 45% of @entity1 and 66% of @entity1 were @entity28 . The age-standardised prevalence of known @entity6 was 12%. @entity1 and @entity1 aged 40-60 years had the highest risk factor levels and were the most sedentary. Tongans had higher risk factor levels than Samoans. In @entity1 , BMI and waist circumference were associated (p<0.05), in the direction of greater disease risk, with blood pressure and concentrations of total @entity165 , HDL- @entity165 , LDL- @entity165 , @entity1674 , and blood @entity413 . In @entity1 , these associations were similar but less consistent. CONCLUSIONS: While these data are not representative for all Pacific @entity1 living in New Zealand, they do show an extremely high prevalence of @entity28 and significant associations between @entity28 and other cardiovascular risk factors. These communities warrant a very high priority as part of public health efforts to address New Zealand's growing @entity28 epidemic.

title: Heart disease and XXXX risk factors in Pacific Islands communities and associations with measures of body fat.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Men', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Neonatal lesion of the primary afferents in the infraorbital nerve causes the @entity204 of one-third of the neurons in the second-order target, the principal sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve (PSN). We examined the expression of two candidate ' @entity204 ' proteins, @entity876 and the antigen recognized by the antibody ALZ-50, in the normal and deafferented PSN. In addition, the effect of neonatal transection of the infraorbital nerve (a major component of the trigeminal nerve) on protein expression was examined. The expression of @entity1639 in the developing PSN was also studied as an index of metabolic activity. Protein expression was measured using quantitative analyses of immunoblots and immunohistochemical preparations. The expression of @entity876 - and ALZ-50-immunoreactivity in the normal PSN peaked during the first postnatal week. Transection of the infraorbital nerve directly affected the expression of @entity876 and the ALZ-50-positive antigen. The immunoblots showed that whereas @entity876 amounts were unaffected by the lesion, ALZ-50 expression was significantly upregulated in the ipsilateral PSN 2 h and 2 days postlesion. The density of @entity876 - and ALZ-50-immunoreactive neurons was significantly higher in the ventral ipsilateral PSN (i.e., the target of the transected infraorbital nerve) than in the contralateral PSN. @entity1639 expression selectively and transiently rose in the ventral ipsilateral PSN within 2 h of the lesion. Thus, both @entity876 and the ALZ-50-positive antigen are involved in @entity528 . In light of data suggesting that ALZ-50 recognizes a phosphorylated form of @entity876 , we conclude that @entity528 in the developing nervous system involves the post-translational modification of an existing protein, @entity876 . The increase in ALZ-50 expression apparently occurs during a catabolic phase of @entity528 , as indicated by the increase in @entity1639 expression.

title: Neonatal transection of the infraorbital nerve increases the expression of proteins related to XXXX in the principal sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve.

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death']

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['neuronal death']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this work was to determine the impact of surgically implanted telemetry transmitters (TTs) on the growth, survival, hematological and biochemical indexes, and wound healing in juvenile pikeperch ( @entity69244 ) (body weight 60-90  g). Two incision suturing methods were used-silk sutures (experiment I-group ST) or tissue adhesive (experiment II-group GT). After tagging, the fish were held in a recirculating system for 35  days. No statistically significant differences were noted in the growth or condition indexes analyzed among the fish tagged with TT compared with those from the control groups (untagged). Substantial individual variability was noted, however, in the parameters examined in both the control and tagged groups. Among the hematological indexes, statistically significant differences were only noted in experiment I. Lower values of mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin were noted in group ST. Among the biochemical parameters, @entity1011 was statistically significantly threefold lower, @entity1760 and @entity4972 ( @entity4972 ) levels were lower, and @entity3265 levels were higher in group ST than in the control group. In experiment II, significant differences were only noted for @entity4972 . Tissue adhesive was the superior and more effective method for closing the incision after TT implantation in juvenile pikeperch. This type of suturing facilitated faster healing, and it had less of an impact on juvenile pikeperch welfare.

title: The effects of surgically implanted dummy tags on the survival, growth performance, and physiology of pikeperch ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity4972 :: ('MESH:C562645', 'Disease') :: ['ALP', 'alkaline phosphatase']

entities_list: @entity69244 :: ('283035', 'Species') :: ['Sander lucioperca']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity69244 :: (283035,Species) :: ['Sander lucioperca']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown an association between the rates of suicide employing certain types of medications and the availability of those drugs. During recent years, prescription patterns of psychoactive drugs commonly used in suicides have undergone some major changes. This study examines whether altered prescription patterns are associated with changes in the rates of drug-related suicides in the elderly. METHODS: An ecological study was performed, in which rates of suicide by @entity4968 were related to prescription sales of different psychotropic drugs, derived from the National Prescription Survey (1987-1996). RESULTS: @entity1245 were the dominant drug type used by elderly @entity1 who committed suicide by @entity4968 . Rates of suicide using @entity1245 increased despite decreasing prescription sales. Decreasing tricyclic antidepressant sales and increasing SSRI (selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors) sales were paralleled by decreasing rates of suicides employing antidepressants. The fatality ratio (FR) decreased for the antidepressant group, increased for @entity1245 and remained more or less unchanged for analgesics among the elderly during the study period. CONCLUSIONS: Rates of suicide using @entity1245 increased in the elderly despite decreasing prescription sales. @entity1245 should be prescribed restrictively to this age group.

title: Suicides by XXXX among the elderly in Sweden 1969-1996.

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['Benzodiazepines', 'benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['drug poisoning']

answer: @entity4968 :: (MESH:D011041,Disease) :: ['drug poisoning']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity907 characterized by @entity551 and @entity1168 . The presence of @entity7129 along with @entity713 during @entity1163 in @entity1 with @entity907 has not been described previously. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two female @entity1 (18 and 16 years old) with recurrent @entity7129 at the time of @entity1163 are described. @entity1 1 had recurrent episodes of @entity1163 . During one of these episodes, which occurred while she was being monitored, @entity7129 along with high-grade @entity713 was seen at the time of @entity1163 and @entity551 . @entity1 2 had a history of recurrent @entity1163 and @entity410 . During one of these episodes, she was documented to have ventricular asystole lasting for about 39 seconds. The sinus rate was 480 msec at the beginning, before slowing down to 960 msec prior to restoration of sinus rhythm with 1:1 AV conduction. The same scenario was repeated during head-up tilt testing. Both @entity1 were treated successfully with oral @entity7306 and, during a follow-up of 28 months and 9 months, have remained symptom-free. CONCLUSION: Sinus acceleration along with high-grade @entity713 during @entity1163 and @entity551 can occur in some @entity1 with @entity907 . The exact mechanism of this phenomenon is unclear.

title: @entity7129 with @entity713 : an unusual presentation during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity907 :: ('MESH:D019462', 'Disease') :: ['Neurocardiogenic (vasovagal) syncope is', 'neurocardiogenic syncope']

entities_list: @entity7306 :: ('MESH:D004206', 'Chemical') :: ['disopyramide']

entities_list: @entity7129 :: ('MESH:D013616', 'Disease') :: ['sinus tachycardia', 'syncope and documented sinus tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity907 :: (MESH:D019462,Disease) :: ['neurocardiogenic (vasovagal) syncope']


abstract: BACKGROUND: While family history provides important information on risk of developing @entity29 ( @entity29 ), genetic profiling of first degree relatives (FDR) of @entity30 ( @entity30 ) - affected individuals might provide additional information. We aimed to delineate the genetic contribution to the increased @entity29 susceptibility observed in FDR. METHODS: N=976 Caucasian, healthy, non-related FDR; n=4997 independent @entity30 and n=5000 @entity23 ( @entity23 ); were studied. Genotyping for 158 @entity29 -associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was performed using the Illumina Immunochip. Risk allele frequency (RAF) differences between FDR and @entity23 cohorts were correlated with those between @entity30 and @entity23 cohorts. @entity30 and @entity29 genetic risk scores (GRS) were calculated and compared between @entity23 , FDR and @entity30 cohorts. RESULTS: @entity29 -associated SNP RAF differences in FDR and @entity23 cohorts were strongly correlated with those in @entity30 and @entity23 cohorts, correlation coefficient 0.63 [95%CI 0.53 - 0.72], p = 9.90 x 10(-19). There was a significant @entity74 (mean) comparing @entity23 , FDR and @entity30 cohorts: 0.0244, 0.0250 and 0.0257 respectively (p < 1 x 10(-7) for each comparison). There was no significant difference in the @entity29 -GRS between @entity23 and FDR cohorts (p=0.81); however @entity29 -GRS was significantly higher in @entity30 compared with FDR and @entity23 cohorts (p < 10(-10) for each comparison). CONCLUSION: FDR of @entity30 -affected individuals are enriched with @entity29 risk alleles compared with @entity23 . Cumulative @entity30 -specific genetic risk is increased in FDR compared with @entity23 . Prospective studies are required to determine if genotyping would facilitate better risk stratification of FDR.

title: @entity29 Genetic Risk Profile in Healthy First Degree Relatives of XXXX Patients.

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['healthy controls', 'HC']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's Disease"]

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['increase in CD-GRS']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory Bowel Disease', 'IBD']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's Disease']


abstract: SummaryObjective:to compare the efficacy of two @entity1337 protocols ( @entity3652 versus @entity1286 ) associated with @entity1363 for the @entity3029 or @entity6044 in @entity1 . METHODS: randomized clinical trial comparing @entity1286 (0.1mg/kg; max 5mg) and @entity3652 (2.0mg/kg, max 70mg) associated with @entity1363 (0.2mg/kg; max 10mg) in the @entity3029 or @entity6044 in @entity1 treated at the pediatrics emergency room (October 2010 and September 2011). The groups were compared in terms of the times to perform the procedures, @entity1337 , parent satisfaction and orthopedic team. RESULTS: 13 @entity1 were allocated to @entity3652 and 12 to @entity1286 , without differences in relation to age, weight, gender, @entity130 , and @entity158 scale before the intervention. There was no failure in any of the groups, no differences in time to start the intervention and overall procedure time. The average hospital stay time was similar ( @entity3652 = 10.8+5.1h versus @entity1286 = 12.3+4.4hs; p=0.447). The median @entity158 (faces @entity158 scale) scores after the procedure was 2 in both groups. @entity2730 was noted in 92.3% ( @entity3652 ) and 83.3% ( @entity1286 ) (p=0.904). Parents said they were very satisfied in relation to the analgesic intervention (84.6% in the @entity3652 group and 66.6% in the @entity1286 group; p=0.296). The satisfaction of the orthopedist regarding the intervention was 92.3% in the @entity3652 group and 75% in the @entity1286 group (p=0.222). CONCLUSION: by producing results similar to @entity1286 , @entity3652 can be considered as an excellent option in @entity158 management and helps in the @entity3029 and @entity6044 in @entity341 .

title: Comparison of two @entity1337 protocols for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6044 :: ('MESH:D005596', 'Disease') :: ['closed fractures']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric emergency rooms']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['type of injury']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of dislocations']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['pediatric orthopedic emergencies']


abstract: Significant changes in drug-metabolizing enzyme (DME) expression occur during ontogeny. Such changes can have a profound effect on therapeutic efficacy in the fetus and @entity1 , as well as the risk for adverse drug reactions. To gain a better understanding of DME ontogeny, enzyme contents for six key cytochromes P450 were measured in 240 @entity1 liver samples representing ages from 8 weeks gestation to 18 years. Where possible, both quantitative western blotting and activity assays with probe substrates were performed. Although oversimplified, the DME can be grouped into one of three categories. As typified by @entity13112 , some enzymes are expressed at their highest level during the first trimester and either remain at high concentrations or decrease during gestation and are silenced or expressed at low levels within 1-2 years after birth. These data cause one to query whether these enzymes have an important endogenous function. Representatives of a second group, @entity5396 and @entity4433 , are expressed at relatively constant levels throughout gestation. Postnatal increases in @entity4433 are observed within the first year, but not for @entity5396 . @entity5060 , 2E1, and 3A4 are more typical of a third group of enzymes that are not expressed or are expressed at low levels in the fetus with the onset of expression generally in either the second or third trimester. Substantial increases in expression are observed within the first 1-2 years after birth; however, considerable interindividual variability is observed in the immediate postnatal (1-6 months) onset or increase in expression of these enzymes, often resulting in a window of hypervariability.

title: Ontogeny of XXXX hepatic cytochromes P450.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aims of this study were to reveal the strategies and pitfalls of motor-evoked potential ( @entity27026 ) monitoring methods during supratentorial @entity439 surgery, and to discuss the drawbacks and advantages of each method by reviewing our experiences. METHODS: Intraoperative @entity27026 monitoring was performed in 250 @entity1 . Results from 4 monitoring techniques using combinations of 2 stimulation sites and 2 recording sites were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: @entity27026 was recorded successfully in 243 @entity1 (97.2%). Direct cortical stimulation (DCS)-spinal recorded @entity27026 (sMEP) was used in 134 @entity1 , DCS-muscle recorded @entity27026 ( @entity69603 ) in 97, transcranial electrical stimulation (TES)-mMEP in 11 and TES-sMEP in 1. TES-mMEP during closure of the skull was used in 21 @entity1 . DCS-mMEP was able to detect waveforms from upper and/or lower limb muscles. Alternatively, DCS-sMEP (direct [D]-wave) could accurately estimate amplitude changes. A novel "early warning sign" indicating @entity63 was found in 21 @entity1 , which started with a transiently increased amplitude of D-wave and then decreased after proximal interruption of major arteries. False-negative findings in @entity27026 monitoring in 2 @entity1 were caused by a @entity551 and by a TES-sMEP recording, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that to perform accurate @entity27026 monitoring, DCS-mMEP or DCS-sMEP recording should be used as the situation demands, with combined use of TES-mMEP recording during closure of the skull. DCS-sMEP is recommended for accurate analysis of waveforms. We also propose a novel "early warning sign" of @entity1887 in the D-wave.

title: Strategies and Pitfalls of Motor-Evoked Potential Monitoring during Supratentorial XXXX Surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['blood insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['blood insufficiency in the lenticulostriate artery']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['Aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Suspicion of @entity263 may persist after an initial negative biopsy result, and repeated biopsy is suggested. The authors assessed whether diagnostic follow-up of @entity1 with an initial diagnosis of isolated, @entity5436 ( @entity5436 ) and a prostate biopsy suspicious for @entity5 (PBSM) is needed. METHODS: The frequency of isolated @entity5436 and PBSM was determined in 4057 @entity1 of a population-based screening study who underwent systematic sextant transrectal biopsy. The predictive value for @entity263 of @entity5436 and PBSM was determined by performing repeated biopsies at 6-week interval. The additional predictive value for @entity5 within a screened population was assessed by performing repeated biopsies at a 1-year interval in 462 consecutively recruited @entity1 with an initial benign biopsy result. @entity1 were subjected to a second screening at a 4-year interval. The biopsy and radical @entity5 features were determined. RESULTS: Isolated @entity5436 and PBSM were diagnosed in 0.8% and 2.6% of biopsied @entity1 , respectively. The detection rates on repeated biopsy were 10.0% (3 of 30 @entity1 ) for isolated @entity5436 , 38.7% (36 of 93 @entity1 ) for PBSM, and 11.0% (51 of 462 @entity1 ) for those with initial benign biopsy results. Except for two @entity1 (one with PBSM and one with @entity5436 ), all others remained @entity263 at their second screening. Features of the @entity5 that were detected after PBSM were comparable to those that were detected on initial biopsy, whereas the few @entity5 that were diagnosed after @entity5436 had highly favorable features. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with @entity1 who have PBSM, @entity1 with isolated @entity5436 on initial biopsy are at no greater risk of being diagnosed with @entity263 than if their initial biopsies were assessed as benign only. Moreover, the features of @entity5 that are diagnosed after an evaluation of @entity5436 warrant no early, extensive diagnostic follow-up.

title: The predictive value for @entity263 of lesions that raise suspicion of concomitant carcinoma: an evaluation from a randomized, population-based study of screening for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['free of prostate carcinoma', 'prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease', 'prostatectomy tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia', 'HPIN']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: In non-transplant @entity1 mild @entity3562 is an independent risk factor for @entity455 . The aim of this study was to determine whether @entity3562 is associated with graft @entity455 . Fasting total plasma @entity1255 was assessed in 18 @entity1 with graft vasculopathy and 18 transplanted @entity1 without graft vasculopathy matched for age, sex and the time since transplant. All were on cyclosporin. Graft vasculopathy was defined at coronary angiography as stenoses > or = 25%, or @entity439 . We found that @entity3562 ( > or = 15 micromol/l) is common among transplanted heart recipients and significantly more frequent in the @entity1 with graft vasculopathy (17/18 versus 11/18). Accordingly, the mean @entity3563 was significantly higher in the group with graft vasculopathy (23.6+/-7.8 versus 16.9+/-7.1 micromol/l, P=0.01). The elevation of @entity1255 plasma levels in the heart transplant recipients has probably multiple causes. The main cause seems to be @entity177 . Additional causes could be @entity500 treatment or genetic polymorphisms. These results suggest that besides the immunological factors, @entity1255 can play an additional role in the pathogenesis of graft @entity455 .

title: Association of mild XXXX with cardiac graft vascular disease.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity3563 :: ('MESH:C566403', 'Disease') :: ['homocysteinemia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity3562 :: ('MESH:D020138', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhomocysteinemia']

answer: @entity3562 :: (MESH:D020138,Disease) :: ['hyperhomocysteinemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report on 5 @entity1 who had @entity56126 ( @entity11438 ) with hourglass-like constriction in the affected nerves. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 5 @entity1 who were treated in our department from December 2003 to December 2008. Acute, intense @entity158 around the shoulder girdle and upper arm was the first symptom and was followed by @entity425 and @entity194 . Clinical and EMG examinations showed involvement of 2 or more nerves in the affected extremity. Those severely affected nerves that had no response to conservative treatment were explored, and an hourglass-like constriction was identified. Neurolysis was performed at the sites of constrictions in 2 radial nerves and 1 median nerve. The constricted portion was resected, and direct coaptation was performed in 1 radial nerve and 1 musculocutaneous nerve. The constricted portion was resected, and nerve graft was performed in 2 radial nerves and 1 median nerve. RESULTS: All @entity1 were followed up for 24 to 84 months after surgery. Of 3 nerves treated with external neurolysis, all attained full recovery. Of 2 nerves treated with resection and neurorrhaphy, 1 attained full recovery, and the other had an incomplete recovery. Of 3 nerves treated with resection and nerve graft, 1 (4-cm nerve graft) attained full recovery, and 2 (4-cm and 13-cm nerve graft, respectively) had incomplete recovery. CONCLUSIONS: The site of @entity66 of @entity11438 was not necessarily within the brachial plexus. Our finding of hourglass-like constrictions in individual peripheral nerves suggest that multifocal involvement of terminal branch lesions may underlie the complex patterns of @entity912 often encountered clinically. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic IV.

title: Typical @entity11438 ( XXXX ) with hourglass-like constrictions in the affected nerves.

entities_list: @entity56126 :: ('MESH:C538620', 'Disease') :: ['acute brachial neuritis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nerve lesion']

entities_list: @entity11438 :: ('MESH:D020968', 'Disease') :: ['Parsonage-Turner syndrome', 'brachial neuritis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity11438 :: (MESH:D020968,Disease) :: ['Parsonage-Turner syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of gr/gr deletion in the AZFc region of Y chromosome with @entity4810 using Meta-analysis. METHODS: All relevant case-control studies addressing the relationship between gr/gr deletion and @entity4810 were identified from PubMed, @entity3549 and CNKI (from January 2003 to August 2010). Statistical analyses were performed with the RevMan4. 2 software. RESULTS: Twenty eligible articles were selected in this study, including 5 246 cases of idiopathic @entity249 and 4 380 controls. The integrated data from the 20 studies revealed a significantly higher frequency of gr/gr deletion in the @entity1 than in the controls, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.63 (95% CI: 1.23 -2.44) (P = 0.002). However, when the Meta-analysis was limited to 16 studies with stricter case and control selection criteria, the overall OR increased to 1.84 (95% CI: 1.47 - 2.29) (P < 0.000 01). Thirteen studies showed that @entity6660 @entity1 had a significantly higher frequency of gr/gr deletion than controls (OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.61 - 2.80) (P < 0.000 01). Eight studies showed a significant association between the gr/gr deletion subtype without @entity20777 / @entity70326 gene copies and @entity73 (OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.31 - 2.55) (P = 0.000 4), but no statistically significant differences were found in the frequency distribution of the gr/gr deletion subtype missing @entity70327 / @entity70328 gene copies between the @entity1 and controls (OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 0.97 -2.11) (P = 0.07). CONCLUSION: The present data suggest that gr/gr deletion may be one of the risk factors of @entity4810 .

title: [Association of gr/gr deletion in the AZFc region of Y chromosome with XXXX : a meta-analysis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic male infertility', 'male infertility']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['spermatogenic impairment']

entities_list: @entity6660 :: ('MESH:D009845', 'Disease') :: ['oligozoospermia']

answer: @entity4810 :: (MESH:D007248,Disease) :: ['male infertility']


abstract: Intravenous @entity3931 was administered to 109 @entity1 (65 female and 44 male) with either pre- or post-operative progressive @entity16 from @entity2553 following @entity510 from a @entity1756 . In 91 of the @entity1 the efficacy of @entity3931 in relieving @entity63 symptoms was assessed and in all of the 109 @entity1 the tolerance was evaluated. The @entity439 were related to following arteries: anterior communicating artery (41%), @entity2500 (24%), internal carotid artery (10%), @entity9085 (4%) and others (5.5%); 11% of the @entity1 had @entity439 . On 16 of the 91 @entity1 no surgery was performed. On 16% of the remaining 75 @entity1 surgery was performed within 72 hours after the @entity548 , 57% were operated between day 4 and day 15 and 29% after day 16. The @entity51 occurred preoperatively in 67% of the @entity1 and post-operatively in 23%. At the beginning of treatment 84% of the @entity1 were graded III-V according to the Hunt and Hess grading system. Most of the @entity1 received doses of 24-48 mg @entity3931 daily as constant i.v. infusion for 7-10 days. The grade of @entity51 at the end of the treatment was evaluated according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale. 59 (65%) of the @entity1 showed complete recovery or marked improvement of the @entity63 symptoms while 22% remained unchanged and 11% died due to severe @entity2553 . Administration of @entity3931 seemed to be more efficient in cases where treatment was started within 24 hours. In the @entity1 group which was treated pre-operatively, recurrent @entity548 was recorded in 8% of the @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX treatment of @entity51 due to @entity2553 after @entity510 . Clinical results of a multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity9085 :: ('MESH:D014715', 'Disease') :: ['vertebro-basilar arteries']

entities_list: @entity3931 :: ('MESH:D009553', 'Chemical') :: ['Nimodipine']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit', 'ischemic neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'multiple aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral vasospasm', 'vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysm']

answer: @entity3931 :: (MESH:D009553,Chemical) :: ['Nimodipine']


abstract: PURPOSE: In order to evaluate the feasibility of dose-dense @entity1205 followed by dose-dense AC ( @entity632 / @entity786 ) as adjuvant chemotherapy for operable @entity0 , we conducted a phase II study. @entity1 AND METHODS: In cohort 1, 28 @entity1 received @entity1205 100 mg/m2 followed by @entity632 60 mg/m2 with @entity786 600 mg/m2, each every 2 weeks for 4 weeks (total of 8 cycles). Enrollment was discontinued because of stopping criteria based on significant @entity137 (grade 4 hematologic @entity137 or grade >or= 3 nonhematologic @entity137 ). In cohort 2, the @entity1205 dose was reduced to 75 mg/m2; enrollment was discontinued after 18 @entity1 . RESULTS: Significant @entity137 occurred in 79% and 72% of @entity1 in cohorts 1 and 2, respectively, resulting in treatment delays in 50% and 17% of @entity1 , respectively. The most common grade 4 hematologic @entity137 was @entity1398 , which occurred in 7% and 42% of cohort 1 @entity1 during @entity1205 and AC, respectively, and in none and 19% of cohort 2 @entity1 , respectively. The most common grade >or= 3 nonhematologic @entity137 was @entity5515 , which occurred in 25% and none of cohort 1 @entity1 during @entity1205 and AC, respectively. With @entity1205 75 mg/m2 and @entity1 education encouraging routine use of topical strategies, grade 3 @entity5515 occurred in only 11% of cohort 2 @entity1 . Grade 2 nail changes were also debilitating and occurred in 33% of cohort 1 @entity1 during AC. CONCLUSION: These phase II findings suggest that dose-dense @entity1205 100 mg/m2 followed by AC is not feasible and, until more studies are conducted, should be restricted to clinical studies.

title: XXXX of dose-dense @entity1205 followed by @entity632 with @entity786 as adjuvant therapy for @entity0 in a phase II study.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity5515 :: ('MESH:D017499', 'Disease') :: ['palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Toxicity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the communication between @entity145 and subarachnoid space using CT cisternography (CTC) and consecutive CT scans. METHODS: CTC were performed in 38 symptomatic @entity1 with @entity145 before treatment decisions were made. Consecutive CTC images were obtained 2 days after intrathecal omnipaque administrations. The enhancement in cysts was measured quantitatively and compared with neighbouring subarachnoid spaces. @entity1 with cysts showing @entity8658 (n = 10) were followed up without surgeries. Whereas, @entity1 with cysts showing non- @entity8658 (n = 28) were given surgical treatment through craniotomy. Another 36 @entity1 with @entity145 were given craniotomy without CTC evaluation. RESULTS: @entity145 were classified into complete, incomplete and noncommunicating cysts based on the CTC results. The symptoms of all surgical @entity1 with CTC evaluations were relieved. Only one @entity1 without surgery showed clinical deterioration. In the 36 @entity1 without CTC evaluation, 6 @entity1 did not gain benefit from surgeries. CONCLUSION: The classification of @entity145 based on CTC is useful for the diagnosis and treatment of @entity145 .

title: [Dynamic CT cisternography in the diagnosis and treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity145 :: ('MESH:D016080', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial arachnoid cysts', 'arachnoid cysts', 'Arachnoid cysts']

entities_list: @entity8658 :: ('MESH:C580055', 'Disease') :: ['early fillings']

answer: @entity145 :: (MESH:D016080,Disease) :: ['intracranial arachnoid cysts']


abstract: @entity24778 ( @entity24778 ) is the principal cytokine regulating granulopoiesis. @entity24778 receptor-deficient @entity19 ( @entity24079 -/-) are neutropenic but have only a modest reduction of committed myeloid progenitors. Since it is likely that compensatory mechanisms are induced by the severe @entity1398 present in @entity24079 -/- @entity19 , a competitive repopulation assay was performed. These data show that under basal conditions, @entity24778 drives nearly all of granulopoiesis through multiple mechanisms. Most importantly, @entity24079 signals regulate the production and/or maintenance of committed-myeloid progenitors. Surprisingly, @entity24079 signals also play a significant role in the regulation of primitive multipotential progenitors in vivo. The contribution of @entity24079 -/- cells to the hematopoietic stem cell compartment is modestly reduced. Moreover, a marked decrease in the contribution of @entity24079 -/- cells to other progenitors in the myeloid pathway, including erythroid and megakaryocytic progenitors, is observed. In contrast, relative to the hematopoietic stem cell compartment, the contribution of @entity24079 -/- cells to the lymphoid lineages is increased. These data suggest that @entity24079 signals may play a role in directing the commitment of primitive hematopoietic progenitors to the common myeloid lineage. Thus, regulation of @entity24778 levels may provide a mechanism for directing primitive hematopoietic progenitors into the common myeloid lineage in response to environmental stresses.

title: Pivotal role of XXXX in the development of progenitors in the common myeloid pathway.

entities_list: @entity24778 :: ('12985(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

answer: @entity24778 :: (12985(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Perineal wound complications are a main problem after abdominoperineal resection (APR). There is little evidence concerning perineal wound management. This study describes and evaluates the role of vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) therapy in wound management strategies of perineal wound infections after APR. METHODS: @entity1 undergoing APR for @entity5 between January 2007 and January 2013 were identified retrospectively. Data regarding occurrence and management of perineal wound complications were collected. Perineal wound infections were classified into minor or major complications and time to wound healing was measured. Time to wound healing was compared between @entity1 receiving routine care or with additional VAC therapy. RESULTS: Of 171 included @entity1 , 76 (44.4%) had minor and 36 (21.1%) major perineal wound infections. Management of major @entity2737 consisted of drainage (n  =  16), debridement (n  =  4), drainage combined with debridement (n  =  4), VAC therapy alone (n  =  5), or VAC therapy combined with other treatments (n  =  7). Median duration of perineal wound healing in @entity281 wounds was 141 days (range 17-739). Median time to wound healing was not different in @entity1 treated with (172 days, range 23-368) or without VAC therapy (131 days, range 17-739). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In this study, VAC therapy did not shorten time to wound healing. However, prospective studies are required to investigate the role of VAC therapy in management of @entity2737 after APR. Up to then, wound management will remain to be based on clinical perception and 'gut-feeling'.

title: Vacuum-assisted closure therapy for XXXX after abdominoperineal resection. A retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['major infected']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['infected perineal wounds']

answer: @entity2737 :: (MESH:D014946,Disease) :: ['infected perineal wounds']


abstract: Parasites are typically aggregated within their host populations. The most heavily infected hosts are frequently cited as targets for optimal disease control. Yet a heavily infected individual is not necessarily highly infective and does not automatically contribute a higher proportion of infective parasitic stages than a host with fewer @entity4801 . Here, Pseudamphistomum truncatum (Opisthorchiida) parasitic @entity281 within the definitive otter host ( @entity58747 ) is used as a model system. The hypothesis tested is that variation in parasite abundance, aggregation and egg production (fecundity, as a proxy of host infectivity) can be explained by abiotic (season and region) or biotic (host age, sex and body condition) factors. Parasite abundance was affected most strongly by the biotic factors of age and body condition, such that adults and otters with a higher condition index had heavier infections than sub-adults or those with a lower condition index, whilst there were no significant differences in parasite abundance among the seasons, regions (ecological regions defined by river catchment boundaries) or host sexes. Conversely, parasite aggregation was affected most strongly by the abiotic factors of season and region, which were supported by four different measures of parasite aggregation (the corrected moment estimate k, Taylor's Power Law, the Index of Discrepancy D, and Boulinier's J). Pseudamphistomum truncatum was highly aggregated within otters, with aggregation stronger in the Midlands (England) and Wales than in the southwestern region of the United Kingdom. Overall, more @entity4801 were found in fewer hosts during the summer, which coincides with the summer peak in parasite fecundity. Combined, these data suggest that (i) few otters carry the majority of P. truncatum @entity4801 and that there are more infective stages (eggs) produced during summer; and (ii) abiotic factors are most influential when describing parasite aggregation whilst biotic factors have a greater role in defining parasite abundance. Together, parasite abundance, aggregation and fecundity can help predict which hosts make the largest contribution to the spread of @entity166 .

title: Spatial and seasonal factors are key determinants in the aggregation of helminths in their definitive hosts: Pseudamphistomum truncatum in otters ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasites']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity58747 :: (9657,Species) :: ['Lutra lutra']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity548 ( @entity548 ) is the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide and accounts for one third of maternal deaths in low-income and middle-income countries. @entity548 can be prevented by active management of the third stage of labor (AMTSL), a series of steps recommended by the World Health Organization to be performed by skilled birth attendants (SBAs). Task shifting in the AMTSL step of uterotonic drugs administration to community health workers, traditional birth attendants and self-administration has been investigated as a strategy to increase access to quality obstetric care considering persistent SBA and facility-based delivery shortages. The aim of this study is to assess task shifting in the final step of AMTSL and compare uterine tonus assessment by a SBA to self-assessment. METHODS AND DESIGN: The study is an individual-level two-arm non-inferiority randomized controlled trial (RCT). A total of 800 @entity1 will be recruited in Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra, Ghana. Adult @entity1 in labor at term with an expected vaginal delivery who received antenatal instructions for self-assessment of uterine tonus will be eligible for inclusion. @entity1 with an increased risk for @entity548 will be excluded. @entity1 will be randomized to uterine tone assessment by a skilled birth attendant (midwife) or uterine tone self-assessment (with the safety back-up of a midwife present in case of @entity548 or uterine atony). Postpartum @entity190 will be measured through weighing of disposable mats. The main study endpoints are @entity548 (>= 500  ml @entity190 ), severe @entity548 (>= 1000  ml @entity190 ), mean @entity190 , and routine maternal and neonatal outcomes. @entity1 and caregivers will not be blinded given the nature of the intervention. DISCUSSION: A reduction of @entity548 -related maternal mortality requires full implementation of AMTSL. Task shifting of uterine tone assessment may contribute to increased AMTSL implementation in (clinical) settings where SBAs capacity is constrained. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02223806 , registration August 2014. PACTR: PACTR201402000736158 , registration July 2014. University of Ghana, Medical School Ethical and Protocol Review Committee: MS-Et/M.8-P4.1/2014-2015.

title: Uterine Tonus Assessment by Midwives versus XXXX self-assessment in the active management of the third stage of labor (UTAMP): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Postpartum hemorrhage', 'PPH']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3123 ( @entity189 ) is an extremely uncommon @entity788 that resembles @entity157 ( @entity157 ). We report a case of incidentally detected pancreatic @entity189 combined with a serous microcystic @entity9296 , in a 47-year-old @entity1 , while he was being evaluated for @entity1290 . Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of abdomen revealed a lesion with mild heterogeneous enhancement in the tail of @entity788 and another proximal lesion having moderate enhancement, and a @entity1085 . Serum chromogranin, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA 19-9 levels were within normal limits. He underwent laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy and cholecystectomy. Pathologically the distal @entity5 was encapsulated and characterized by eosinophilic cytoplasm, vesicular nucleus with prominent nucleolus and intranuclear eosinophilic inclusions. The cells were arranged in trabecular pattern separated by sinusoids. Canalicular and intercellular bile plugs were seen. On @entity5 cells were positive for hepatocyte specific antigen and weakly positive for @entity160 ( @entity160 ). The proximal @entity5 showed features of @entity652 . Based on these findings, the case was diagnosed as @entity5 combined with serous microcystic @entity9296 . Post operative @entity160 was 1.75 IU/mL. The @entity1 is on follow up for the last eight months and there is no evidence of recurrence.

title: @entity189 of the XXXX combined with serous @entity9296 : a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic hepatoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm of pancreas', 'pancreas']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['calculus in the neck of gallbladder']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'immunohistochemistry tumor', 'hepatoid tumor of pancreas']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal calculi']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha fetoprotein', 'AFP']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['serous microcystic adenoma']

entities_list: @entity9296 :: ('MESH:D003537', 'Disease') :: ['cystadenoma']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreas']


abstract: Activation of members of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase family and their downstream effectors has been proposed to play a key role in the pathogenesis of cell survival, ischaemic preconditioning, @entity1283 and @entity712 . This study investigated the responses of @entity70181 kinase and multiple MAP kinases during the transition from compensated pressure-overload @entity1184 to decompensated @entity712 . Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) 1/2, p38, and @entity70181 were activated by chronic pressure-overload and their activity was sustained for 8 weeks after aortic banding. In contrast, while p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (90RSK) and big MAP kinase 1 (BMK1) were activated in compensated @entity1184 , their activities were significantly decreased in hearts with @entity712 . No changes were found in C-Jun @entity2733 terminal kinase (JNK) activity after aortic banding. These data suggest that differential activation of MAP kinase family members may contribute to the transition from compensated to decompensated @entity1184 . We also examined acute effects of mechanical stretch on the activation of these kinases in normal and @entity1184 hearts. In the isolated coronary-perfused heart, a balloon in the left ventricle was inflated to achieve minimum end-diastolic pressure of 25 mmHg for 10-20 min. In normal @entity840 hearts, stretch activated ERK1/2, p90RSK, p38, @entity70181 , and BMK1 but not JNK. However in @entity1184 hearts, further activation of these kinases was not observed by acute mechanical stretch. Mechanical stretch-induced activation of ERK1/2 and p38 kinase in normal hearts was attenuated significantly by a protein kinase C inhibitor, @entity668 . We demonstrate that ERK1/2, p90RSK, p38, @entity70181 , and BMK1 are activated by chronic pressure-overload and by acute mechanical stretch. These data suggest that @entity70181 , BMK1 and p90RSK play a role as novel signal transduction pathways leading to @entity1283 . In addition, the differential inhibition of p90RSK and BMK1 in hearts with @entity712 suggests the specific role of these two kinases to maintain cardiac function under chronic pressure-overload.

title: @entity70181 and multiple MAP kinase activation in XXXX and @entity712 under chronic pressure-overload: comparison with acute mechanical stretch.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy', 'hypertrophied']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity668 :: ('MESH:C016299', 'Chemical') :: ['chelerythrine']

answer: @entity1283 :: (MESH:D006332,Disease) :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']


abstract: The efficacy of both preliminary and continuous hemodialysis during extracorporeal circulation (ECC) was evaluated in the pediatric population. Preliminary hemodialysis of the priming solution was initiated in eight @entity1 ( @entity2033 -I group), while both preliminary and continuous hemodialysis during ECC was performed in another eight @entity1 ( @entity2033 -II group). The control group which consisted of eight @entity1 did not undergo hemodialysis. Urine volume during ECC, perfusion pressure, and water balance were measured and compared among the three groups. In the @entity2033 , the total urine volume during ECC was greater than in control group, but there was no significant difference. In the control group, the perfusion pressure temporally decreased after the pump was operating for five minutes, but the perfusion pressures remained stable in the @entity2033 . Therefore, preliminary hemodialysis appears to prevent the "initial drop" seen in perfusion pressures. Water balance in the control group tended to be in positive balance, but both the @entity2033 appeared to be in negative balance. Significant differences between @entity2033 -I and @entity2033 -II in contrast to the control group (p < 0.05) and p < 0.04, respectively) were observed. Preliminary hemodialysis is useful during ECC in @entity1 and @entity1 because by maintaining perfusion pressure urine output remains adequate while a net negative water balance is achieved. Preliminary hemodialysis will increase the continuous hemodialysis in @entity1 who are subjected to prolonged extracorporeal circulation.

title: [Role for preliminary and continuous hemodialysis during extracorporeal circulation in XXXX and @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ['HD-I and HD-II groups', 'HD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We aim to expose our experience in the surgical correction of stress @entity322 (SUI) and to analyze the possible factors that could modify the outputs of this type of surgery. METHODS: We have studied 114 @entity1 who underwent surgery (60 Raz, 36 Burch, and 18 vaginal wall sling), with a mean follow-up time of 10.5 months. RESULTS: We have not succeeded in demonstrating that preoperative factors such as age, irritative voiding symptoms; history of prior hysterectomy or urethropexia, @entity16 , @entity6 or recurrent @entity293 ; the finding of cistocele, a positive Bonney-Marchetti test or bladder unstability, play any role in the outputs. The failure rate was 16.7% for vaginal wall sling procedure, 35% Raz, and 33.3% Burch. "Survival" analysis did not demonstrate differences related to the procedure or the surgeon. We discovered and important decrease of continence rate with time from the intervention. Higher incidence of @entity282 , urinary retention and greater residual urine were detected with transvaginal procedures. There was no difference in the incidence of @entity2737 . CONCLUSIONS: We don't believe that the selection of candidates for this type of surgery should be carried out in base to the above mentioned preoperative factors. Also, we observed a consistent decrease of postoperative continence with time. Finally, we have detected a greater incidence of complications after transvaginal procedures.

title: [Comparative analysis of various techniques for the repair of stress XXXX in @entity1 . Review of our experience].

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disease']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infection']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2583 incidence is increasing and is associated with a high rate of mortality. Although lipid-based formulations of @entity2379 are the recommended first-line treatment, only one prospective trial in a limited number of @entity1 has been performed to evaluate this regimen. METHODS: @entity1 with proven or probable @entity2583 were included between June 2007 and March 2011. @entity1 were scheduled to receive 10 mg/kg/day liposomal @entity2379 (L-AMB) monotherapy for 1 month and surgery was performed when appropriate. The primary outcome was response rate at week 4 or at the end of treatment (EOT) if before week 4, evaluated by an independent committee. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00467883. RESULTS: Forty @entity1 were enrolled. Response was analysed in 33 @entity1 at week 4. Most @entity1 had a @entity5 as their primary underlying disease (53%). Seventy-one percent of @entity1 underwent therapeutic surgery. The response rate at week 4 or at EOT was 36%, with 18% partial responses and 18% complete responses. The response rate at week 12 was 45%, with 13% partial responses and 32% complete responses. Overall mortality was 38% at week 12 and 53% at week 24. Serum @entity1011 doubled in 16 (40%) @entity1 and returned to normal levels within 12 weeks in 10/16 (63%). CONCLUSIONS: High-dose L-AMB for @entity2583 , in combination with surgery in 71% of cases, was associated with an overall response rate of 36% at week 4 and 45% at week 12 and @entity1011 level doubling in 40% of @entity1 (transient in 63%). These results may serve as the basis for future clinical trials.

title: Prospective pilot study of high-dose (10 mg/kg/day) liposomal XXXX (L-AMB) for the initial treatment of @entity2583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2583 :: ('MESH:D009091', 'Disease') :: ['mucormycosis', 'Mucormycosis']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['haematological malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity2379 :: (MESH:D000666,Chemical) :: ['amphotericin B']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A phase II randomised discontinuation trial assessed @entity14820 ( @entity14820 ), an orally bioavailable inhibitor of @entity4149 kinases including VEGF receptors, MET, and @entity14029 , in a cohort of @entity1 with @entity320 . METHODS: @entity1 received @entity14820 100   mg daily during a 12-week lead-in. @entity1 with @entity66 ( @entity66 ) per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) at week 12 were randomised to @entity14820 or placebo. Primary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR) at week 12 and postrandomisation progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: Seventy-seven @entity1 were enroled (62% cutaneous, 30% uveal, and 8% mucosal). At week 12, the ORR was 5%; 39% of @entity1 had @entity66 . During the lead-in phase, reduction in target lesions from baseline was seen in 55% of evaluable @entity1 overall and in 59% of evaluable @entity1 with @entity2184 . Median PFS after randomisation was 4.1 months with @entity14820 and 2.8 months with placebo (hazard ratio of 0.59; P=0.284). Median PFS from study day 1 was 3.8 months, 6-month PFS was 33%, and median overall survival was 9.4 months. The most common grade 3/4 adverse events were @entity1295 (14%), @entity101 (10%), and @entity490 (8%). One treatment-related @entity204 was reported from @entity298 due to diverticular perforation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity14820 has clinical activity in @entity1 with @entity320 , including @entity2184 . Further clinical investigation is warranted.

title: Phase II randomised discontinuation trial of the MET/VEGF receptor inhibitor XXXX in @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity14820 :: ('MESH:C558660', 'Chemical') :: ['XL184', 'cabozantinib', 'Cabozantinib']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['uveal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity14820 :: (MESH:C558660,Chemical) :: ['cabozantinib']


abstract: @entity29 ( @entity29 ), particularly @entity31 ( @entity31 ), is a @entity558 , because these @entity1 are at increased risk of @entity420 . @entity5 ( @entity5 ) have rarely been described in this setting. We evaluated 14 cases of NEN arising in a setting of @entity29 . All of the @entity5 arose in areas involved by @entity29 , and all showed immunohistochemical or ultrastructural evidence of neuroendocrine differentiation. The cohort included seven @entity1 and seven @entity1 (range, 28-71 yr; median, 43 yr). Eight @entity1 had @entity30 ( @entity30 ), and six had @entity31 . Duration of disease ranged from 4 months to 50 years (median, 15 yr), with one of unknown duration. Of the eight @entity1 with @entity30 , five had @entity30 , one had @entity13570 , one had @entity1960 , and in one case, the extent of disease was unknown. Of the six @entity1 with @entity31 , four had extensive @entity31 , one had left-sided @entity31 , and the extent of @entity31 was unknown in one case. Reasons for surgery included @entity30 complications (five @entity1 ), refractory disease (three @entity1 ), @entity1141 / @entity189 (five @entity1 ), and @entity322 (one @entity1 ). The @entity5 were well differentiated in 11 cases and poorly differentiated mixed @entity4153 in 3 cases. @entity5 sites included the rectum (six cases), appendix (four cases), small bowel (two cases), and sigmoid colon (two cases). High-grade @entity1141 was present in adjacent mucosa in four cases, and low-grade @entity1141 was present in distant mucosa in two cases. Two @entity1 with poorly differentiated @entity5 died from the disease at 3 and 11 months after @entity5 excision. All of the other @entity1 were alive without @entity5 as of last follow-up. We concluded that @entity5 rarely arise in a setting of @entity29 . Most are well-differentiated @entity5 and are clinically indolent. @entity1141 is found in adjacent mucosa in more than one-third of cases, suggesting that neuroendocrine differentiation might evolve from multipotential cells in @entity7944 .

title: XXXX arising in @entity29 : a report of 14 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patient', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant condition']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma/small cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'Neuroendocrine neoplasms', 'tumors', 'NENs']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['ileocolitis', "Crohn's disease", 'CD']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7944 :: ('MESH:C536309', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic epithelium']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia', 'Dysplasia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Neuroendocrine neoplasms']


abstract: PURPOSE: Complex urological reconstruction may be facilitated by the improved magnification and dexterity provided by a robotic approach. Minimally invasive surgery also has the potential advantages of decreased length of stay and improved convalescence. We reviewed perioperative and short-term outcomes between robot-assisted and open @entity1494 sling/repair with catheterizable channel in @entity1 with @entity1494 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed an institutional review board approved retrospective chart review of all @entity1 who underwent open or robotic @entity1494 reconstruction without augmentation cystoplasty for refractory urinary @entity322 between 2010 and 2014. Age at surgery, operative time, length of stay, complications within 30 days of surgery and future continence procedures (injection of @entity1494 /catheterizable channel, additional @entity1494 surgery, botulinum toxin A injection) were compared between the groups. RESULTS: A total of 45 @entity1 underwent @entity1494 reconstruction (open in  26, robotic in 19) with a mean follow up of 2.8 years. There was no difference in preoperative urodynamics, age at surgery or length of stay (median 4 days in each group, p >0.9). Operative time was significantly longer in the robotic group (8.2 vs 4.5 hours, p <0.001). Three @entity1 (16%) undergoing robotic and 3 (12%) undergoing open surgery had a complication within 30 days (p >0.9). Of @entity1 undergoing open repair 14 (56%) underwent 23 subsequent surgeries for @entity322 . By comparison, 8 @entity1 undergoing robotic repair (42%) underwent 12 additional procedures (p = 0.5). CONCLUSIONS: Although a robotic approach may take longer to perform, it does not result in increased complications or length of stay, or worsened continence outcomes.

title: Perioperative and Short-Term Outcomes of Robotic vs Open Bladder Neck Procedures for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic bladder', 'bladder neck']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['Neurogenic Incontinence']


abstract: This pilot study was undertaken to evaluate the short-term in vitro antimicrobial stability of both @entity2176 - and @entity2890 -impregnated @entity77 pellets mixed and stored in a clinical setting. Powdered @entity2890 (500 mg) and @entity2176 (500 mg) were blended into separate basins containing 25 g of surgical-grade @entity77 powder, then mixed with 8 mL of sterile saline. From this admixture, 6.0-mm pellets were produced. These were removed from the sterile container (stored at room temperature) at 1, 7, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days and tested against a variety of pathogenic bacterial isolates by using a modification of the standardized Kirby-Bauer test. Control pellets containing no antibiotic were also evaluated. There was no inhibition of bacterial growth by the non-antibiotic-impregnated (control) pellets. There was no appreciable difference in the zones of inhibition for any of the organisms with pellets stored for 1, 7, 30, 60, 90, or 120 days. Zones of inhibition for the various antibiotics to the strain of organism tested ranged from 17 mm to 30 mm, depending on the pathogenic isolate and the antibiotic evaluated. The zones of inhibition observed were similar to those designating antibiotic susceptibility in the Kirby-Bauer test. The results of this preliminary study suggest that clinician-mixed @entity77 pellets containing either @entity2176 or @entity2890 , when stored under normal room temperature and ambient humidity, appear to maintain their antimicrobial characteristics for at least 120 days.

title: What is the shelf life of physician-mixed antibiotic-impregnated XXXX pellets?

entities_list: @entity77 :: ('MESH:D002133', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin', 'vancomycin hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin', 'tobramycin sulfate']

answer: @entity77 :: (MESH:D002133,Chemical) :: ['calcium sulfate']


abstract: @entity26 -derived radicals are cytotoxic, highly reactive molecules that contribute to cellular death and injury in @entity548 . @entity68 released into the plasma in @entity548 may contribute to cellular damage by catalyzing lipid peroxidation of cell membranes. @entity5532 ( @entity10775 ) chelation of transitional metal ions prevents formation of these radicals and may diminish @entity5721 . The conjugation of @entity10775 to pentastarch (PS) decreases @entity10775 @entity137 and extends its half-life making it a potentially useful resuscitative fluid. A porcine @entity548 model was used to evaluate the effects of five resuscitative fluids on survival and hepatic function. @entity1707 (11-16 kg) underwent splenectomy, liver biopsy, and placement of arterial and venous catheters. Awake animals were bled at 1 ml/kg/min to a MAP of 45 mm Hg, maintained for 1 hr, and resuscitated over 30 min with one of five fluids: Lactated Ringer's (LR); LR + free @entity10775 2.5 mg/ml (LR + @entity10775 ) (n = 6); 5% PS in LR (PS) (n = 6); 5% PS + free @entity10775 (PS + @entity10775 ) 7.5 mg/ml (n = 6); 5% PS/ @entity10775 conjugate (7.5 mg/ml) in LR (n = 6). LR and LR + @entity10775 received 3 ml/ml shed blood; PS, PS + @entity10775 , and PS/ @entity10775 received 1 ml/ml shed blood. No shed blood was returned to the animals. There was no significant differences between groups in MAP, HR, CVP, and T pre- and post-resuscitation. No LR lived to sacrifice at 24 hr. Thirty-three percent of LR + @entity10775 and PS + @entity10775 animals died within minutes of receiving the free @entity10775 containing resuscitative fluid, presumably from acute @entity10775 @entity137 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity68 chelation with a @entity5532 conjugate in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5532 :: ('MESH:D003676', 'Chemical') :: ['Deferoxamine']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxygen']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic shock']