abstract: BACKGROUND: Ring chromosomes are normally associated with @entity600 and are rarely inherited. An exception to this rule is provided by deletion/ring cases. We were provided with a unique opportunity to investigate the meiotic segregation at oogenesis in a @entity1 who is a carrier of a deleted/ring 22 chromosome. The couple requested preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) following the birth of a son with a mosaic karyotype.The couple underwent two cycles of PGD. Studies were performed on lymphocytes, single embryonic cells removed from 3 day-old embryos and un-transferred embryos. Analysis was carried out using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) with specific probe sets in two rounds of hybridization. RESULTS: In total, 12 embryos were biopsied, and follow up information was obtained for 10 embryos. No embryos were completely normal or balanced for chromosome 22 by day 5. There was only one embryo diagnosed as balanced of 12 biopsied but that accumulated postzygotic errors by day 5. Three oocytes apparently had a balanced chromosome 22 complement but all had the deleted and the ring 22 and not the intact chromosome 22. After fertilisation all the embryos accumulated postzygotic errors for chromosome 22. CONCLUSION: The study of the preimplantation embryos in this case provided a rare and significant chance to study and understand the phenomena associated with this unusual type of @entity154 during @entity4523 and in the earliest stages of development. It is the first reported PGD attempt for a @entity2008 .

title: Meiotic and mitotic behaviour of a ring/deleted chromosome 22 in XXXX embryos determined by preimplantation genetic diagnosis for a maternal carrier.

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['developmental anomalies']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['ring chromosome abnormality']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity has been correlated with various adverse events in @entity1 who receive left ventricular assist devices (LVAD). In this study, we sought to further characterize the role of @entity28 in this @entity1 population.Methods   and   Results:We performed a retrospective analysis of 164 @entity1 implanted with a HeartMate II from August 2008 to December 2014. @entity1 were categorized into 2 BMI groups based on WHO guidelines: BMI 18.5-30 kg/m(2)(n=99) and BMI >30 kg/m(2)(n=65). @entity1 demographics, adverse outcome and long-term survival were compared between the 2 groups. For any outcome associated with BMI groups, we performed a Cox regression to identify confounding comorbidities. Preoperative demographics and comorbidities were similar. @entity1 with BMI >30 were younger (P=0.01) and had a higher incidence of @entity164 2 @entity6 (P=0.01). While rate of pump @entity715 was higher among @entity1 with BMI >30 (P=0.02), overall survival at 2 years did not differ. The most common cause of death was @entity64 in the @entity28 group. On multivariable cox regression analysis, BMI was an independent risk factor of pump @entity715 . CONCLUSIONS: Higher BMI does not reduce survival after VAD implantation but it does appear to increase the risk of pump @entity715 . Further studies to characterize the role of BMI in survival and @entity715 rates are warranted.

title: Higher Body Mass Index Increases Risk of HeartMate II Pump XXXX But Does Not Adversely Affect Long-Term Survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic stroke']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['Thrombosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to analyse serial position effects for immediate and delayed free recall in @entity1 with @entity303 of the Alzheimer type and controls. EXPERIMENT 1: 44 @entity1 with @entity303 of the Alzheimer-type and 24 non-demented controls were asked for immediate and delayed free recall of 12 schematic drawings of common objects presented at the rate of 10 s/picture. Steep primacy effects were obtained at all delays in controls. By contrast, primacy effects were significantly impaired in @entity1 with @entity303 at all delays of recall. Small immediate and delayed recall recency effects were found in both, @entity1 and controls. EXPERIMENT 2: 19 @entity1 with @entity303 of the Alzheimer type and 21 controls were asked for immediate and delayed free picture recall with presentation rates of 10, 5 and 1 s/picture. Again, primacy effects were significantly impaired in demented @entity1 versus controls. With shorter presentation times, immediate recall recency effects were more pronounced than with longer presentation times, and no delayed recall recency effects were found. CONCLUSIONS: Primacy effect is impaired for immediate and delayed recall in @entity303 of the Alzheimer type. By contrast, immediate recall recency effect and possibly also long-term recency effect are preserved. The loss of the primacy effect contributes to the @entity2414 in @entity303 of the Alzheimer type. Therefore further research is warranted into pharmacological and psychological interventions that might re-establish the primacy effect. Possibly, the orientation of demented @entity1 might be improved by psychological techniques that rely on long-term recency effect.

title: Serial position effects in XXXX of the Alzheimer type.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of episodic memory']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: BACKGROUND:: There are limited studies investigating the relationship between oral release osmotic system- @entity2727 (OROS-MPH) doses and plasma @entity2727 ( @entity7541 ) concentrations in @entity1 and adolescents. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the doses of OROS- @entity7541 and the plasma levels of the drug. We also examined the effects of the other drugs including @entity1770 , @entity1090 , @entity905 , and @entity3756 on the levels of the @entity7541 in the plasma. METHODS:: The files of 100 @entity71 subjects (76 male, 24 female) who were diagnosed as @entity71 according to the DSM-IV criteria, were screened. The ages of subjects were between 6-18 years (mean= 11.5  3.8 years). Plasma @entity7541 levels were determined by @entity3928 ( @entity3928 ). RESULTS:: Daily mean OROS @entity7541 dose used in @entity71 @entity1 was 0.7  0.2 mg/kg (range: 0.3-1.3 mg/kg). The mean plasma OROS @entity7541 was 11.6    7.3 ng/mL (range: 0.5-43.4 ng/mL). There was no group difference in the mean plasma @entity7541 and dose-related @entity7541 levels between the groups that used any additional drug including @entity1770 (n=25), @entity1090 (n=10), @entity905 (n=16) @entity3756 (n=10) and not used these drugs (p>.05). There was a positive correlation between the OROS @entity7541 doses (mg/kg) and the blood @entity7541 levels (Pearson correlation= 0.40; p<.001). The plasma levels of @entity7541 were found to be less than 13 ng/mL in 65% of the subjects. CONCLUSIONS:: Our findings point to the fact that plasma levels of @entity7541 show a wide range of changes at similar doses, correlate positively with the doses and, as expected, are not affected by using @entity1090 , @entity3756 , @entity905 , and @entity1770 . Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) may help to optimize @entity7541 dose in @entity1 not responding to treatment or in those experiencing serious side effects, but not in routine clinical practice. The presence of intermediate dose formulations such as 45 mg tablets for OROS @entity7541 may contribute to the optimization.

title: Plasma XXXX Levels In Youths with Attention @entity71 Treated with OROS Formulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay', 'HPLC-MS/MS']

entities_list: @entity3756 :: ('MESH:D020280', 'Chemical') :: ['sertraline']

entities_list: @entity1770 :: ('MESH:C094645', 'Chemical') :: ['aripiprazole']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['methylphenidate']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity2727 :: (MESH:D008774,Chemical) :: ['Methylphenidate']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare exercise capacity and cardiovascular response to exercise in elderly individuals with @entity453 ( @entity453 ) who attend ongoing community-based maintenance cardiac rehabilitation (CR) versus age- and gender-matched healthy "very active" ( @entity6632 ;   >=    2000   kcal/week) and healthy "less active" (HLA; <2000   kcal/week) individuals. METHOD: Sixty-three @entity1 (age: 72.3        5.1 years; 62% @entity1 ; n   =   21 per group) completed the following assessments: (1) symptom-limited graded exercise test with expired gas analysis and bioimpedance assessment of cardiovascular function during exercise; (2) walking tests; (3) physical function; (4) anthropometry and (5) 12-month physical activity recall. RESULTS: The CR group achieved 98% (range: 73-154%) of age- and gender-predicted peak @entity26 consumption for healthy individuals. Peak @entity26 consumption was lower in CR compared to @entity6632 but not HLA group (VO2peak: CR: 19.0        4.5, @entity6632 : 23.7        2.9, HLA: 20.7        4.7   ml   kg(-1)  min(-1), p   =   0.001 versus @entity6632 ; p   =   0.390 versus HLA). Peak heart rate was lower in CR compared to both @entity6632 and HLA. Walking test results and cardiovascular and physical function were not different between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Elderly individuals with @entity453 participating in maintenance CR have similar exercise capacity and cardiorespiratory response to exercise compared to their age- and gender-matched less active healthy peers. The findings support referral of elderly @entity1 to community-based CR. Implications for Rehabilitation Fitness benefits of long-term maintenance cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs remain unknown. Elderly individuals with @entity453 participating in maintenance CR have exercise capacity and cardiorespiratory response to exercise similar to their less active healthy peers. Maintenance CR may play an important role prolonging independent living in elderly individuals.

title: Long-term effects of cardiac rehabilitation in elderly individuals with stable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the value of radiological features in the diagnosis of @entity364 ( @entity364 ). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of the radiological materials of 65 @entity1 with documented @entity364 treated at the same institution. METHODS: Evaluation by the ENT surgeon and the head and neck radiologist. RESULTS: @entity364 was more common in female @entity1 in this series. Fifty-four (83%) @entity1 were above 30 years of age, with a peak of 18 @entity1 (27.7%) in the seventh decade. All the @entity1 except one (98.5%) showed bilateral mucosal thickening on unenhanced CT scans. Thirty-eight @entity1 (58%) showed increased intrasinus attenuation on unenhanced CT scans. Thirty-seven @entity1 (57%) showed opacification of at least one sinus; 25 (38%) showed @entity4421 ; 11 (17%) had erosion of the sinus wall and only one @entity1 showed minor expansion of an involved sinus. In 6 @entity1 , typical hyperattenuation patterns on CT scans, together with distinctive MRI images, were highly suggestive of @entity364 . CONCLUSION: Our data show that hyperattenuation on CT images with bone window settings suggests the presence of @entity364 . This hyperattenuation is more clearly seen with soft-tissue window settings. When necessary, adjunctive MRI can provide information which might be highly predictive for the diagnosis of @entity364 . However, non-specific imaging findings of @entity102 ( @entity102 ) should also be seen as possible @entity364 pathology.

title: XXXX ( @entity364 ): a distinct CT/MRI-entity? A European experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['Eosinophilic Fungal Rhinosinusitis', 'EFRS']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic rhinosinusitis', 'CRS']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['Eosinophilic fungal rhinosinusitis']


abstract: Increased levels of second trimester maternal serum @entity160 (MSAFP) have long been established as a marker for @entity601 ( @entity601 ). In addition, decreased levels of maternal @entity11111 in the third trimester have been reported in pregnancies with anencephalic fetuses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether early second trimester unconjugated serum @entity11111 (uE3) is an independent predictor of @entity601 . The study included 57,031 @entity1 who underwent maternal serum screening with MSAFP at 14-22 weeks gestation. Of these, 23,415 also had uE3 measurements. There were 63 cases of @entity1591 , an overall incidence of 1.1 per 1,000. Elevated MSAFP (> or =2.5 MOM) was detected in 1,346 @entity1 , 48 of which had @entity601 . Decreased uE3 (< or =0.5) was detected in 1,437 @entity1 , 17 of which had @entity601 . The incidence of @entity601 was significantly higher in @entity1 with low uE3, compared to @entity1 with normal/high uE3 (1.15% vs. 0.09%, P < 001). Finally, 51 @entity1 had both increased MSAFP and decreased uE3; 16 of these had @entity601 , 14 of which were anencephalics. In conclusion, both elevated MSAFP and low maternal serum @entity11111 are predictive of @entity1591 but have a low sensitivity. The combination of abnormally elevated MSAFP and low @entity11111 is highly predictive of @entity1591 in particular @entity10413 .

title: Combination of elevated maternal serum @entity160 (MSAFP) and low @entity11111 is highly predictive of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10413 :: ('MESH:D000757', 'Disease') :: ['anencephaly']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['NTDs', 'neural tube defects']

answer: @entity10413 :: (MESH:D000757,Disease) :: ['anencephaly']


abstract: To examine the role of the fibrinolytic system in @entity558 -induced @entity1030 , we compared the effect of a chronic @entity558 challenge in plasminogen activator inhibitor-deficient (C57BL/6JPAI-1-/-) @entity19 and @entity164 ( @entity164 ) C57BL/6J @entity19 . Physiological and biological assessments were performed, immediately after, and 4 wk after an 8-wk exposure to @entity558 or saline. Immediately after the @entity558 exposure, @entity164 @entity19 had increased estimates of airway reactivity to @entity2710 compared with C57BL/6JPAI-1-/- @entity19 ; however, @entity32 was similar in both @entity558 -exposed groups. Significant increases in both active @entity641 and active @entity1235 was detected after @entity558 exposure in @entity164 but not C57BL/6JPAI-1-/- @entity19 . C57BL/6JPAI-1-/- @entity19 showed significantly less @entity641 in the lavage and higher @entity1235 in the lung tissue than @entity164 @entity19 at the end of exposure and 4 wk later. After @entity558 exposure, both @entity164 and C57BL/6JPAI-1-/- @entity19 had substantial expansion of the subepithelial area of the medium [diameter (d) = 90-129 microm]- and large (d > 129 microm)-size airways when compared with saline-exposed @entity19 . Subepithelial fibrin deposition was prevalent in @entity164 @entity19 but diminished in C57BL/6JPAI-1-/-. @entity15630 expression by nonciliated bronchial epithelial cells was enhanced in @entity558 -exposed @entity164 @entity19 compared with the saline-exposed group. Four weeks after @entity558 inhalation, @entity1224 and the expansion of the subepithelial area in the medium and large airways persisted in @entity164 but not C57BL/6JPAI-1-/- @entity19 . We conclude that an active fibrinolytic system can substantially alter the development and resolution of the postinflammatory airway remodeling observed after chronic @entity558 inhalation.

title: Fibrinolysis in @entity558 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['airway inflammation']

entities_list: @entity641 :: ('21803(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1', 'TGF-beta1']

entities_list: @entity1235 :: ('17395(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9', 'MMP-9']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airway disease']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway hyperreactivity']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic airway disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fetal echocardiography is widely established in the United Kingdom for prenatal diagnosis of @entity299 . This may result in a substantial reduction in incidence at birth because of selected termination of pregnancy. The objective of this population-based study was to determine the incidence of @entity1146 with @entity12043 (PAIVS) at birth, the impact of fetal echocardiography on this incidence, and to compare the outcome of cases with and those without prenatal diagnosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: From 1991 to 1995, all @entity1 born with PAIVS and all fetal diagnoses in the United Kingdom and Eire were studied. There were 183 live births (incidence 4.5/100,000 live births). The incidence was 4.1 cases per 100,000 live births in England and Wales, 4.7 in Scotland, 6.8 in Eire, and 9.6 in Northern Ireland (P=0.01). There were 86 fetal diagnoses made at a mean of 22.0 weeks of gestation leading to 53 terminations of pregnancy (61%), 4 intrauterine @entity204 (5%), and 29 live births (34%). The incidence at birth would be 5.6 per 100,000 births in England and Wales, 5.3 in Scotland, and unchanged in Eire and Northern Ireland, if there were no terminations of pregnancy and assuming no further spontaneous @entity5617 (P=0.28). An initial diagnosis of @entity849 was made in 6 cases, at a mean of 22.3 weeks of gestation with progression to PAIVS by 31.4 weeks. Probability of survival at 1 year was 65% and was the same for live-born @entity1 whether or not a fetal diagnosis had been made. CONCLUSIONS: PAIVS is rare, occurring in 1 in 22,000 live births in the United Kingdom and Eire. Termination of pregnancy has resulted in an important reduction in the live-born incidence in mainland Britain.

title: @entity1146 with XXXX : impact of fetal echocardiography on incidence at birth and postnatal outcome. UK and Eire Collaborative Study of @entity1146 with Intact Ventricular Septum.

entities_list: @entity12043 :: ('MESH:C562832', 'Disease') :: ['intact ventricular septum']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['critical pulmonary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atresia']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['fetal deaths']

answer: @entity12043 :: (MESH:C562832,Disease) :: ['intact ventricular septum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A screening colonoscopy is recommended in first-degree relatives (FDRs) of @entity14 @entity1 ; few prospective, controlled studies have evaluated colorectal findings in a population-based screening program. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of @entity14 ( @entity652 and @entity420 ) in this increased-risk population, to compare it with that of average-risk individuals, and to identify features that might allow risk stratification for @entity5 among FDRs. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Population-based screening program in Trentino, Italy. @entity1 : FDRs of @entity14 @entity1 between 45 and 75 years of age with no history of @entity14 or @entity29 . CONTROLS: Average-risk individuals undergoing screening colonoscopy. INTERVENTION: Screening colonoscopy. RESULTS: @entity5 was found in 33.4% of 1252 FDRs and in 30.3% of 765 controls; advanced @entity5 was found in 11.3% of FDRs and in 6.3% of controls. Odds ratios (ORs) from the multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, cecal intubation rates, and colon cleansing showed an increased risk of advanced @entity5 (OR 2.41; 95% CI, 1.69-3.43; P < .0001) in FDRs. Age older than 56 years (OR 1.83; 95% CI, 1.15-2.99; P = .013) and male sex (OR 2.17; 95% CI, 1.39-3.10; P < .001) are independent predictors of advanced @entity5 . LIMITATIONS: Italian subjects living in the same geographic area; of 4301 FDRs, 2521 were excluded. CONCLUSIONS: The increased risk of advanced @entity5 supports the current recommendation for colonoscopic screening in this group; age and sex may assist in risk stratification of these individuals.

title: Colonoscopic findings in first-degree relatives of @entity1 with XXXX : a population-based screening program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Neoplasia', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes', 'colorectal neoplasia', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: The Erika tanker broke in two close to the Atlantic coast of France on December 12, 1999. On December 25th, some heavy fuel oil released by the tanker came ashore along the French Atlantic Coast. Some oil residues and oiled bird feathers were collected all along the Atlantic Shoreline of France after the wreck of the Erika tanker. The aim of this study was to differentiate oil residues and oiled bird feathers related to the Erika oil spill from the ones resulting from the numerous tar ball incidents which had occurred after the Erika oil spill. @entity2292 and @entity2556 quantification of oil residues allowed differentiation of the samples collected on the north part of the Atlantic Coast from those collected on the south part of the Atlantic shoreline. All oiled birds appear to have been contaminated by the Erika oil. Samples collected on the south part of the Atlantic Coast contain a different molecular fingerprint compared to the Erika oil indicating that they are not related to the Erika oil spill. Bulk and molecular 13C/12C ratio measurements were performed in order to check the discriminative feature and the stability of the isotopic approach. Bulk stable @entity505 isotopic composition has been shown to be a valuable screening correlation tool as it confirms the link of samples collected in the north part of the Atlantic Coast with the Erika oil spill. All the samples collected along the south part of the Atlantic Shoreline exhibit @entity7352 -enriched bulk isotopic compositions compared to Erika oil. Molecular isotopic composition of saturated @entity9436 and of @entity11966 compounds also allows unambiguous differentiation of samples related to the Erika oil spill from those due to tar ball incidents. Over the long-term, when molecular distribution will have been modified by the different processes affecting oil in the marine environment, molecular isotopic composition should then be of particular help for Erika oil residues identification.

title: Molecular and stable XXXX isotopic source identification of oil residues and oiled bird feathers sampled along the Atlantic Coast of France after the Erika oil spill.

entities_list: @entity9436 :: ('MESH:D006838', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity11966 :: ('MESH:C031181', 'Chemical') :: ['phenanthrene']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1960 is an inflammatory disease of the intestine with unknown etiology involving multiple immune, genetic and environmental factors. We were interested to examine the effect of total extract from Pycnocycla spinosa Boiss. on the treatment of experimental @entity1960 . Mediators involved in @entity32 are @entity2918 , interleukins, @entity4352 as well as an increase in myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Therefore, MPO activity was also determined in this research. @entity68651 hydroalcoholic extract (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) or @entity68652 (2, 5 and 10 mg/kg) were administered orally, started 2 h before induction of @entity1960 by intrarectal administration of @entity1543 (3%) in @entity35 . @entity617 (4 m/kg) was used as the standard drug for comparison. Biochemical evaluation of inflamed colon was done using assay of MPO activity. After 5 days treatments, @entity9645 was evaluated. Intrarectal instillation of @entity1543 caused significant inflammatory reactions as indicated by macroscopic and microscopic changes. The activity of MPO increased in vehicle treated groups while recovered to normal level by pretreatment of animals with @entity68651 extract, @entity68652 and @entity617 . @entity68651 and @entity68652 -treated groups showed significantly lower score values of macroscopic and microscopic characters when compared with the vehicle treated negative control group. The beneficial effect of @entity68651 was comparable with that of @entity617 . This research has shown the anti-inflammatory potential of @entity68651 extract and @entity68652 in experimentally induced @entity1960 .

title: Anti-inflammatory effect of Pycnocycla spinosa extract and its component @entity68652 on @entity1543 induced @entity1960 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['colonic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity9645 :: ('MESH:D019226', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal ulceration']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity4352 :: ('CHEBI:25029', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotriene']

entities_list: @entity68652 :: ('CHEBI:67899', 'Chemical') :: ['isoacetovanillone']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['colitis', 'Colitis']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisolone', 'prednisolone']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: @entity1 with @entity612 with concomitant @entity179 ( @entity179 ) and predominance of @entity615 have been shown to have inferior outcome after surgery. Studies comparing outcome according to @entity158 predominance and treatment received are lacking. PURPOSE: To study if adding spinal fusion to the decompression in @entity179 impacts outcome in @entity1 with @entity615 ( @entity615 VAS >=  @entity158 VAS) compared to predominant @entity158 ( @entity615 VAS < @entity158 VAS). @entity1 SAMPLE: The Swedish Spine Register was used and included 1,624 @entity1 operated for @entity179 at the L4-L5 level. OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reported measures were used, including a visual analogue scale (VAS) for back and @entity158 , the Euroqol-5 (EQ-5D) and the physical and mental component summaries of the Short-form 36 to estimate health related quality of life (HRQoL) and the @entity717 index (ODI) to estimate function. METHODS: Inclusion criterion was single level @entity179 operated on with either decompression only (D) or decompression and instrumented posterolateral fusion (DF). Based on preoperative @entity615 scores, the @entity1 were assigned to one of two groups: @entity158 predominance. The @entity1 completed the outcome protocol at 1 and 2 year follow-up. Statistical analysis was performed using linear regression adjusting for multiple potential confounders. RESULTS: In the adjusted outcome at the 1 year follow-up, @entity1 with predominant @entity158 reported a 7.9 mm more improvement on the VAS for @entity615 with fusion, compared to decompression only (95%CI: 0.7-15.2), p=0.03. Despite more change in the fused group, the reported @entity615 levels remained similar in the decompressed only versus decompressed and fused at the 1 year follow-up (28 vs. 24, p=0.77). The @entity1 with @entity615 benefited from adding fusion in @entity615 7.1 (95%CI: 0.3-13.9, p=0.04), @entity158 8.8 (95%CI: 2-15.7, p=0.01), the ODI 5.7 (95%CI: 1.6-9.9, p=0.006) and the EQ-5D 0.09 (95%CI:1.7-0.02, p=0.02) at the 1 year follow-up as the DF group reported greater change in outcome compared to the D group. At the 2 year follow-up no significant differences were found between decompressed only and decompressed and fused in either the @entity615 predominant groups. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity615 operated with DF report better outcomes in terms of @entity158 , function and HRQoL than @entity1 with only decompression. Although these differences are significant on a group level they may fail to reach minimal clinical significant difference. @entity1 with predominant @entity158 report significantly more improvement in @entity615 with DF compared to D but due to baseline differences in preoperative BP these improvements may not be explained by the added fusion per se. At the two year follow-up no significant differences were observed between the D and DF @entity1 in either the PB or PL groups but greater loss to follow-up in the DF groups could potentially bias these findings.

title: Outcome of decompression with and without fusion in XXXX with @entity179 in relation to @entity158 pattern - A register study of 1,624 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['leg and back pain', 'leg or back pain', 'terms of back pain', 'back pain', 'predominant back pain']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative spondylolisthesis', 'DS']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Leg pain predominance or back pain', 'pain', 'leg pain', 'preoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry disability']

answer: @entity612 :: (MESH:D013130,Disease) :: ['spinal stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Activation of @entity1110 oxidase (PHOX) plays a critical role in mediating dopaminergic neuroinflammation. In the present study, we investigated the role of PHOX in @entity888 (MA)-induced @entity2359 and inflammatory changes in @entity19 . METHODS: We examined changes in mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), mitochondrial function [i.e., mitochondrial membrane potential, intramitochondrial @entity141 accumulation, mitochondrial oxidative burdens, mitochondrial @entity224 dismutase expression, and mitochondrial translocation of the cleaved form of protein kinase C delta type (cleaved PKC  )], microglial activity, and pro-apoptotic changes [i.e., cytosolic cytochrome c release, cleaved caspase 3, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUDP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) positive populations] after a @entity2359 dose of MA in the striatum of @entity19 to achieve a better understanding of the effects of @entity12824 , a non-specific PHOX inhibitor, or genetic inhibition of @entity19994 (by using @entity19994 knockout @entity19 or @entity19994 antisense oligonucleotide) against MA-induced dopaminergic @entity2359 . RESULTS: Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases ( @entity8837 ) was most pronounced out of MAPKs after MA. We observed MA-induced phosphorylation and membrane translocation of @entity19994 in the striatum of @entity19 . The activation of @entity19994 promoted mitochondrial stresses followed by microglial activation into the M1 phenotype, and pro-apoptotic changes, and led to @entity73 . @entity13436 activated these signaling pathways. @entity12824 or genetic inhibition of @entity19994 significantly protected these signaling processes induced by MA. @entity13436 inhibitor @entity5732 did not exhibit any additional positive effects against protective activity mediated by @entity12824 or @entity19994 genetic inhibition, suggesting that @entity13436 regulates @entity14099 phox activation, and @entity13436 constitutes the crucial target for @entity12824 -mediated inhibition of PHOX activation. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the neuroprotective mechanism of @entity12824 against MA insult is via preventing mitochondrial burdens, microglial activation, and pro-apoptotic signaling process by the @entity13436 -dependent activation of @entity19994 .

title: XXXX prevents mitochondrial burdens, microglial activation, and pro-apoptosis induced by a toxic dose of @entity888 in the striatum of @entity19 via inhibition of @entity14099 phox activation by @entity13436 .

entities_list: @entity12824 :: ('MESH:C056165', 'Chemical') :: ['Apocynin', 'apocynin']

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['dopaminergic impairments']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity', 'neurotoxic']

answer: @entity12824 :: (MESH:C056165,Chemical) :: ['Apocynin']


abstract: @entity6926 ( @entity6926 ) is a spectrum of @entity74 with decreased bone density and @entity79 . Most of the cases of @entity6926 are inherited in autosomal dominant fashion with mutations in @entity13239 or @entity4173 genes. Over last few years, twelve genes for @entity74 have been identified. In this study we have evaluated seven @entity1 with @entity6926 from consanguineous Indian families. Homozygosity mapping using SNP microarray was done and selected candidate genes were sequenced. Candidate genes were identified in four out of seven @entity1 studied. Four mutations, namely; a homozygous non-sense (p.Q178*) and a deletion ( @entity68422 ) mutations in @entity32704 gene, a missense mutation ( @entity68423 ) in @entity17319 gene and a nonsense mutation ( @entity68424 ) in @entity25640 gene were identified. In three @entity1 for whom the regions of homozygosity did not reveal any known @entity74 genes, exome sequencing was performed and we identified a known missense mutation ( @entity68425 ) in @entity4173 gene in one of the @entity1 . As @entity18142 gene was not properly covered in exome sequencing in one @entity1 , the gene was sequenced and a homozygous in-frame deletion of four @entity1522 ( @entity68426 ) was identified. In one of the three cases the exome sequencing did not reveal a mutation in any known @entity6926 genes, suggesting the possibility of mutations in an unidentified gene. The phenotypes of all the cases are described. This work proves the power of homozygosity mapping followed by candidate gene sequencing approach for clinical application in consanguineous families.

title: Mutations in XXXX with osteogenesis imperfecta from consanguineous Indian families.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity68422 :: ('p|DEL|277|F', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.F277del']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone fragility']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorders', 'autosomal recessive OI']

entities_list: @entity6926 :: ('MESH:D010013', 'Disease') :: ['OI', 'Osteogenesis imperfecta']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Twelve @entity1 with early infancy onset @entity4651 and @entity8431 with a mild clinical course are reported. The neuroradiological, clinical, and genetic aspects of this recently recognized @entity8431 were reviewed. Five were affected siblings, and all @entity1 had consanguineous parents. @entity4651 , a slowly progressive delay in motor development and mild @entity1032 constitute the clinical triad of the disease, showing characteristic age-related onset. The clinical findings outlined remarkably slight functional deterioration despite severe lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), especially in the initial period. Characteristically, mental function is preserved for years after onset of the @entity51 . The MRI lesions do not reflect the progress of disease. The disease probably has an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance even though no metabolic defect has been detected to date. In a more severe variant of the mentioned disease, there is more progressive and severe @entity51 , including ataxia and @entity508 , leading to an inability to walk independently after 10 years of age. In mild variants, however, disease severity varies from @entity4651 with near-normal pyschomotor development to mild motor and/or @entity409 . @entity410 were observed in both types but response to drugs was good. The 12 @entity1 reported here confirm the specific and distinguishing clinical and radiological features of the previously reported 51 cases with this new syndrome, while adding some information regarding identification of the disease.

title: XXXX and @entity8431 with mild clinical course: a report on 12 new cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental deterioration']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Seizures']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spastic quadriparesis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['mental dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological dysfunction', 'motor deficit']

entities_list: @entity8431 :: ('MESH:D007966', 'Disease') :: ['familial leukodystrophy syndrome', 'leukodystrophy']

entities_list: @entity4651 :: ('MESH:D058627', 'Disease') :: ['Macrocephaly', 'megalencephaly', 'macrocephaly']

answer: @entity4651 :: (MESH:D058627,Disease) :: ['Megalencephaly']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Psychological distress contributes to impaired quality of life in hematological @entity5 @entity1 . Stepped care treatment, in which @entity1 start with the least intensive treatment most likely to work and only receive more intensive interventions if needed, could improve distress. We aimed to evaluate the outcome of stepped care treatment on @entity458 and physical functioning in @entity1 treated with autologous stem cell transplantation for @entity1583 . In the present study, we performed a randomized clinical trial with two treatment arms: stepped care and care as usual. Baseline assessment and randomization occurred during pre-transplant hospitalization. Stepped care was initiated after 6  weeks, consisting of (1) watchful waiting, (2) Internet-based self-help intervention, and (3) face-to-face counseling/ psychopharmacological treatment/ referral. Follow-up measurements were conducted at 13, 30, and 42  weeks after transplantation. Stepped care (n   =   47) and care as usual (n   =   48) were comparable on baseline characteristics. The uptake of the intervention was low: 24 @entity1 started with step 1, 23 with step 2, and none with step 3. Percentages of distressed @entity1 ranged from 4.1 to 9.7  %. Ten percent of @entity1 received external psychological or @entity146 care. No statistically significant differences were found between stepped care and care as usual on @entity458 or physical functioning in intention to treat analyses, nor in per protocol analyses. The stepped care program was not effective in decreasing @entity458 . The low intervention uptake, probably related to the low levels of @entity458 , offers an explanation for this outcome. Future research should take into account @entity1 ' specific care needs. Netherlands Trial Registry identifier: NTR1770.

title: A randomized clinical trial on the effectiveness of an intervention to treat XXXX and improve quality of life after autologous stem cell transplantation.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['psychological distress']


abstract: We analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of the @entity69786 , CD44v3, in 46 primary @entity1 @entity320 ( @entity320 ). This is the first time that the v3 splice variant of @entity1759 was found to be expressed in @entity1 @entity320 (15 of 46), ranging from 3% to 35% of the cell population in the positive @entity5 . The expression of CD44v3 was observed in @entity5 thicker than 1.0 mm, and one-third of these @entity5 proved to be positive irrespective of the thickness. @entity1 were followed for a minimum of 61 months. The onset of lymph node or organ metastases occurred not later than 58 months and 60 months, respectively. Of the 15 CD44v3 positive @entity5 , 14 were observed in the organ metastatic tumor group, comprising the majority of those cases (14 of 21), and this association proved to be statistically significant compared with the non-metastatic (P<0.05) and lymph-node metastatic cases (P<0.01). CD44v3 expression in @entity320 was also confirmed at the protein and messenger (mRNA) level in several @entity1 @entity320 cell lines using flow cytometry and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis. In parallel to CD44v3, @entity1476 expression (determined using immunohistochemistry) was significantly elevated (P<0.05) but only in the organ metastatic group of MM. The 5-year survival of @entity1 having thicker @entity5 than 1.0 mm (where v3 expression occurred) who had CD44v3+ @entity5 was significantly lower than those of the negative ones (35.7% versus 68.2%, respectively; P=0.025). Finally, we observed that the CD44v3-expressing @entity5 were characterized by significantly higher @entity1476 expression than the CD44v3-negative @entity5 (P<0.001), indicating a possible correlation between CD44v3- and @entity1476 -positive phenotype and the organ metastatic potential of MM.

title: Expression of CD44v3 splice variant is associated with the visceral metastatic phenotype of @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity69786 :: ('284348', 'Gene') :: ['metastasis-associated protein']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanomas', 'MMs', 'melanomas']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Radical retropubic prostatectomy is the major procedure for curing early @entity5 . In this retrospective study we valued the complications of this surgery and its evolution in time, as well as the efectiveness of the @entity322 preservative treatment in the recovery of urinary continence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During the period between december of 1998 to january of the 2005 we have treated 168 @entity1 suffering @entity263 clinically confined to the gland by means of retropubic radical prostatectomy. We removed the vesical catheter the fourteenth day of the postoperative and made a clinical monitoring the first, third and sixth month after the surgery, and thereafter every six months. RESULTS: Of the 168 @entity1 who underwent clinical surgery, 15% required postoperative blood transfusion in the immediate postoperative. Other complications, with a lower incidence, were the intestinal perforation, surgical wound @entity281 and the haematoma. The most frequent delayed complications we registered were @entity323 , observed in 164 @entity1 (98%), micturition alterations in 32 @entity1 (19%) and intestinal alterations in approximately 11%. Among the micturitional alterations found, the most frequent (64%) was the Urinary Incontinence (UI). However, most of them were of minor importance (34%) and all improved during the first six months after the surgery. We advised @entity1 with minor and moderate UI to perform pelvic floor muscle training, being very useful since they allowed to anticipate the recovery of continence. CONCLUSIONS: Radical prostatectomy continues to be the most effective treatment for the non @entity263 , in spite of the associated morbidity. The IU is the main factor for the high standard of living these @entity1 . Despite the number of @entity1 with UI being so high, most cases are moderate and minor and may improve with pelvic floor muscle training. Hence, this is a significant tool to tackle this illness, whether in connection with the use of absorbent, the pharmacologic therapy or the use of penile collectors.

title: [Radical prostatectomy complications: evolution and conservative management of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic adenocarcinoma', 'spared prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: Suprasellar @entity145 represent less than 10% of all intracranial @entity145 . Some of them may be quiescent throughout life, some may become symptomatic as they become enlarged and some disappear spontaneously. In this study we discuss the surgical strategies for endoscopic and endoscope-assisted treatment of suprasellar (Mickey @entity19 ) cysts and analyze the clinical results and experience collected over some years in our department upon doing these operations routinely. Between December 1996 and December 2003, 13 @entity1 (7 female and 6 male @entity1 ), mean age 29 years, underwent endoscopic or endoscope-assisted procedures for @entity1804 at our department. The indication for surgical treatment was based on the neurological and radiological examination. The goal of surgical treatment was to normalize the cerebrospinal fluid flow and to establish a communication, permanently, between the cyst cavity and the intraventricular or/and subarachnoid space. Intraoperatively we observed in all @entity1 no complications. Seven of 13 @entity1 , who had received shunt systems in other hospitals before admission in our clinic, remained shunt-free postoperatively. Overall clinical improvement was achieved for a long period of between 6 and 74 months in 11 @entity1 , one developed a psychomotor disturbance and another one, who had @entity302 before treatment, was unchanged postoperatively. Our data suggest that @entity1804 are well treated by endoscopic or endoscope-assisted procedures with good clinical outcome and low surgical morbidity.

title: Endoscopic and endoscope-assisted neurosurgical treatment of suprasellar @entity145 (Mickey XXXX cysts).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1804 :: ('MESH:D020863', 'Disease') :: ['suprasellar cysts']

entities_list: @entity145 :: ('MESH:D016080', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoid cysts']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the results of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) with those of open cholecystectomy (OC) in the treatment of acute @entity2679 . DESIGN: A prospective, nonrandomized trial. SETTING: "Virgen de la Arrixaca" University Hospital, El Palmar (Murcia), Spain. @entity1 : One hundred fourteen @entity1 underwent LC, and 110 underwent OC. The @entity1 underwent surgery within 72 hours of the onset of symptoms. The @entity1 were selected for LC or OC depending on the surgeon's experience in laparoscopic surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Operating time, rate of conversion from LC to OC, complications, and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: Conversion from LC to OC was necessary in 15% of the @entity1 . The mean operating time was 77 minutes for the OC group and 88 minutes for the LC group (P<.001). Complications occurred in 14% of the @entity1 in the LC group and in 23% of the @entity1 in the OC group, with no significant differences between the 2 groups (P=.06). The number of moderate or severe complications was similar in both groups, whereas mild complications were more common in the OC group (P<.02). The length of the hospital stay averaged 8.1 days for the OC group and 3.3 days for the LC group (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a safe, valid alternative to OC in @entity1 with acute @entity2679 . The technique has a low rate of complications, implies a shorter hospital stay, and offers the @entity1 a more comfortable postoperative period than OC.

title: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy vs open cholecystectomy in the treatment of acute XXXX : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

answer: @entity2679 :: (MESH:D002764,Disease) :: ['cholecystitis']


abstract: @entity2648 commonly found in food, especially in fermented vegetables, are potential carcinogens. Therefore, limiting @entity2648 in food is critically important for food safety. A @entity10263 strain ( @entity10263 sp. DMDL 9010) was previously isolated from fermented vegetables by our group, and is not yet fully characterized. A number of phenotypical and genotypical approaches were employed to characterize @entity10263 sp. DMDL 9010. Its @entity3542 degradation capacity was compared with four other @entity10263 strains, including @entity10263 719, @entity6043 . bulgaricu 1.83, @entity5858 1.204, and @entity1336 8140, on MRS medium. Compared to these four @entity10263 strains, @entity10263 sp. DMDL 9010 had a significantly higher @entity3542 degradation capacity (P<0.001). Based on 16S rDNA sequencing and sequence comparison, @entity10263 sp. DMDL 9010 was identified as either @entity1336 or @entity4414 . To further identify this strain, the flanking regions (922 bp and 806 bp upstream and downstream, respectively) of the @entity5097 dehydrogenase 1 (L-ldh1) gene were amplified and sequenced. @entity10263 sp. DMDL 9010 had 98.92 and 76.98% sequence identity in the upstream region with @entity7449 and @entity4414 IG1, respectively, suggesting that Lactobacillu sp. DMDL 9010 is an @entity1336 . It was therefore named @entity1336 DMDL 9010. Our study provides a platform for genetic engineering of @entity1336 DMDL 9010, in order to further improve its @entity3542 degradation capacity.

title: Molecular Characterization of @entity1336 DMDL 9010, a Strain with Efficient XXXX Degradation Capacity.

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity10263 :: ('47715', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus', 'Lactobacillus casei subsp. rhamnosus']

entities_list: @entity5858 :: ('1308', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus thermophilus']

entities_list: @entity1336 :: ('1590', 'Species') :: ['lactobacillus plantarum', 'L. plantarum', 'Lactobacillus plantarum', 'L. plantarum strain']

entities_list: @entity6043 :: ('1584', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp']

entities_list: @entity2648 :: ('MESH:D009573', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrites', 'nitrites']

entities_list: @entity4414 :: ('1589', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus pentosus', 'L. pentosus']

entities_list: @entity5097 :: ('CHEBI:16651', 'Chemical') :: ['L-lactate']

answer: @entity3542 :: (CHEBI:16301,Chemical) :: ['Nitrite']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and tolerability of @entity903 20mg daily, for the treatment of @entity308 and @entity308 associated with @entity148 . METHOD: An open, non-comparative study undertaken at three centers in three cities of Pakistan. A total of 112 in- or out- @entity1 , presenting with a major @entity308 were included in the study. @entity308 was diagnosed according to DSM IV criteria and a Hamilton Rating Scale for @entity308 (HAMD-D) score of >18 on the first 17 items of the HAM-D-21. After a placebo washout period of 7 days, @entity1 were given a 20-mg fixed dose of @entity903 daily in the morning for a period of 6 weeks. After baseline, regular assessments were made at 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks. Efficacy measures included the HAMD-D, the Clinical Anxiety Scale, The Clinical Global Impression Severity of Illness Scale (CGI-S), and the Clinical Global Impression Improvement Scale (CGI-I). Tolerability was assessed by any adverse event. The primary therapeutic outcome measures were @entity1 who achieved a 50% or greater reduction in HAMD-D score at the end of the treatment or achieved a reduction in final HAMD-D score of < or = 10 points. The final scores of 1 or 2 for CGI-S and CGI-I were considered as full clinical response. RESULTS: Of 112 cases evaluated, 57 were males and 55 females whose ages ranged from 18 to 65 years. There was a clear and statistically significant efficacy of @entity903 on all the major outcome variables. A total of 88% @entity1 achieved a reduction in the final HAMD-D score at the end of treatment. The total HAM-D score reduced to 10 or less in 73% @entity1 at 6 weeks and by this week 76% and 92% @entity1 achieved a score of 1 or 2 for CGI-S and CGI-I, respectively. The mean Clinical Anxiety Scale score reduced from 12.6 at the baseline to 4.4 at the end of treatment. Safety data was evaluated in all 112 @entity1 and @entity903 was well tolerated. Adverse events were experienced by 10% of @entity1 of whom 4% were dropped from the study. @entity390 was the commonest adverse event reported. CONCLUSION: The study shows that @entity903 is an effective, well-tolerated, and safe drug for the treatment of @entity308 .

title: Efficacy and tolerability of @entity903 20 mg daily in the treatment of @entity308 and @entity308 associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression', 'depressive episode']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The natural course of idiopathic @entity8 ( @entity8 ) varies, as it is known through favorable outcomes in most @entity1 . However, one third of @entity1 with idiopathic @entity8 will slowly progress to @entity454 ( @entity454 ). To prevent disease progression, @entity1 at high risk to develop @entity454 are treated with immunosuppressive agents. Therefore, a correct selection of @entity1 who need immunosuppressive treatment is important. METHODS: Here, we evaluated the prognostic value of anti- @entity8164 antibody (anti- @entity8164 ) levels regarding clinical outcome in a well-defined cohort of 73 @entity8164 -related @entity8 @entity1 with long-term follow-up. At baseline, @entity1 were subdivided into @entity1 with either low or high antibody levels based on ELISA testing. RESULTS: Spontaneous remission rates were highest among @entity1 with low anti- @entity8164 levels (79%; hazard ratio 2.72 (95% CI 1.22-6.08), p = 0.02) after a median follow-up of 2.9 (95% CI 0.8-5.0, p < 0.001) years, whereas high anti- @entity8164 levels were associated with persistent @entity644 (p = 0.04) and/or the need for immunosuppressive therapy (p < 0.001). Renal survival rates were 97% at 5 years, 93% at 10 years, and 89% at 15 years; however, this was not different between the anti- @entity8164 groups. @entity454 occurred significantly faster in @entity1 with severe @entity644 as compared to @entity1 with either mild (p = 0.02) or moderate @entity644 (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Low anti- @entity8164 levels may predict spontaneous remissions in @entity1 with @entity8164 -related @entity8 . Therefore, we suggest that quantification of anti- @entity8164 is of value to monitor these @entity1 .

title: Anti- @entity8164 Antibodies as a Prognostic Factor in @entity8164 -Related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['membranous nephropathy', 'MN']

entities_list: @entity8164 :: ('22925', 'Gene') :: ['phospholipase A2 receptor 1', 'PLA2R']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Membranous Nephropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To develop a risk prediction model to preoperatively discriminate between benign, borderline, stage I invasive, stage II-IV invasive, and secondary metastatic @entity43 . DESIGN: Observational diagnostic study using prospectively collected clinical and ultrasound data. SETTING: 24 ultrasound centres in 10 countries. @entity1 : @entity1 with an ovarian (including para-ovarian and tubal) mass and who underwent a standardised ultrasound examination before surgery. The model was developed on 3506 @entity1 recruited between 1999 and 2007, temporally validated on 2403 @entity1 recruited between 2009 and 2012, and then updated on all 5909 @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Histological classification and surgical staging of the mass. RESULTS: The Assessment of Different NEoplasias in the adneXa (ADNEX) model contains three clinical and six ultrasound predictors: age, serum CA-125 level, type of centre (oncology centres v other hospitals), maximum diameter of lesion, proportion of solid tissue, more than 10 cyst locules, number of papillary projections, acoustic shadows, and @entity843 . The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the classic discrimination between benign and @entity5 was 0.94 (0.93 to 0.95) on temporal validation. The AUC was 0.85 for benign versus borderline, 0.92 for benign versus stage I @entity5 , 0.99 for benign versus stage II-IV @entity5 , and 0.95 for benign versus secondary metastatic. AUCs between malignant subtypes varied between 0.71 and 0.95, with an AUC of 0.75 for borderline versus stage I @entity5 and 0.82 for stage II-IV versus secondary metastatic. Calibration curves showed that the estimated risks were accurate. CONCLUSIONS: The ADNEX model discriminates well between benign and @entity5 and offers fair to excellent discrimination between four types of @entity43 . The use of ADNEX has the potential to improve triage and management decisions and so reduce morbidity and mortality associated with adnexal pathology.

title: Evaluating the risk of XXXX before surgery using the ADNEX model to differentiate between benign, borderline, early and advanced stage invasive, and secondary metastatic @entity5 : prospective multicentre diagnostic study.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian malignancy', 'ovarian tumours']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'cancer']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess whether late surfactant treatment in extremely low gestational age (GA) newborn @entity1 requiring ventilation at 7-14  days, who often have surfactant @entity942 , safely improves survival without @entity2107 ( @entity2107 ). STUDY DESIGN: Extremely low GA newborn @entity1 (GA  <=28 0/7  weeks) who required mechanical ventilation at 7-14  days were enrolled in a randomized, masked controlled trial at 25 US centers. All @entity1 received inhaled @entity842 and either surfactant (calfactant/Infasurf) or sham instillation every 1-3  days to a maximum of 5 doses while intubated. The primary outcome was survival at 36  weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) without @entity2107 , as evaluated by physiological @entity26 /flow reduction. RESULTS: A total of 511 @entity1 were enrolled between January 2010 and September 2013. There were no differences between the treated and control groups in mean birth weight (701      164  g), GA (25.2      1.2  weeks), percentage born at GA <26  weeks (70.6%), race, sex, severity of @entity358 at enrollment, or comorbidities of prematurity. Survival without @entity2107 did not differ between the treated and control groups at 36  weeks PMA (31.3% vs 31.7%; relative benefit, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.75-1.28; P  =  .89) or 40  weeks PMA (58.7% vs 54.1%; relative benefit, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.92-1.27; P  =  .33). There were no between-group differences in serious adverse events, comorbidities of prematurity, or severity of @entity358 to 36  weeks. CONCLUSION: Late treatment with up to 5 doses of surfactant in ventilated premature @entity1 receiving inhaled @entity842 was well tolerated, but did not improve survival without @entity2107 at 36 or 40  weeks. Pulmonary and neurodevelopmental assessments are ongoing. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01022580.

title: Randomized Trial of Late Surfactant Treatment in Ventilated Preterm XXXX Receiving Inhaled @entity842 .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2107 :: ('MESH:D001997', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopulmonary dysplasia', 'BPD']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency and dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Infants']


abstract: LPSs are widely used to stimulate @entity2939 , but their effects on ion channels in immune cells are poorly known. In THP-1 cells and @entity1 blood monocytes treated with @entity558 , inwardly rectifying @entity3529 channel current (IKir, @entity558 ) newly emerged at 1 h, peaked at 4 h (-119    8.6 pA/pF), and decayed afterward (-32    6.7 pA/pF at 24 h). Whereas both the @entity12397 and @entity19378 mRNAs and proteins were observed, single-channel conductance (38 pS) of IKir, @entity558 and small interfering RNA-induced knockdown commonly indicated @entity19378 than @entity12397 . @entity558 -induced cytokine release and store-operated @entity141 entry were commonly decreased by @entity68248 , a Kir2 inhibitor. Immunoblot, confocal microscopy, and the effects of vesicular trafficking inhibitors commonly suggested plasma membrane translocation of @entity19378 by @entity558 . Both IKir, @entity558 and membrane translocation of @entity19378 were inhibited by @entity11009 ( @entity7131 [ @entity7131 ] inhibitor) or by transfection with small interfering RNA-specific @entity7131  . Interestingly, pharmacological activation of @entity7131 by @entity4515 induced both @entity12397 and @entity19378 currents. The spontaneously decayed IKir, @entity558 at 24 h was recovered by PI3K inhibitors but further suppressed by an inhibitor of @entity19065 (PIP3) phosphatase (phosphatase and tensin homolog). However, IKir, @entity558 at 24 h was not affected by Akt inhibitors, suggesting that the decreased @entity1078 availability, that is, conversion into PIP3 by PI3K, per se accounts for the decay of IKir, @entity558 . Taken together, to our knowledge these data are the first demonstrations that IKir is newly induced by @entity2939 stimulation via @entity7131 -dependent membrane trafficking of @entity19378 , and that conversion of @entity1078 to PIP3 modulates @entity19378 . The augmentation of @entity141 influx and cytokine release suggests a physiological role for @entity19378 in @entity2939 -stimulated monocytes.

title: Rise and Fall of @entity19378 Current by @entity2939 Signaling in @entity1 Monocytes: XXXX -Dependent Trafficking and PI3K-Mediated PIP2 Decrease.

entities_list: @entity19065 :: ('MESH:C060974', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)-trisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity1078 :: ('CHEBI:18348', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol(4,5)-bisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

answer: @entity7131 :: (MESH:D020151,Disease) :: ['PKC']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity-associated @entity101 is difficult to treat and puts @entity1 at a substantially increased risk of cardiovascular events. @entity7056 has previously been shown to effectively lower blood pressure (BP) in high-risk groups including @entity1 with @entity6 or @entity8 , and may therefore also be suitable for the treatment of @entity28 -associated @entity101 . In this study we aimed to: (a) assess the efficacy and tolerability of @entity7056 alone and in combination with @entity918 in @entity1 with @entity28 -associated mild-to-moderate @entity101 ; and (b) investigate @entity1 -associated determinants of poor BP control in this @entity1 group. @entity1 AND METHODS: This was a 3-month, prospective, open-label, multicentre, phase IV study in 72 479 @entity101 @entity1 in 6989 general practices across Germany. Main outcome measures were @entity551 (primary parameter of effectiveness) and BP response rates after 3 months, as well as adverse events (AEs). Independent predictors of poor control were identified in a multivariate proportional odds model. RESULTS: All of the @entity1 were Caucasian, 50.5% were females, mean age was 62.1 +/- 11.1 years, mean bodyweight was 88.6 +/- 15.4kg, and mean body mass index (BMI) was 30.7 +/- 4.8 kg/m(2). Almost all the @entity1 were overweight or @entity28 (92.3%). From a baseline value of 162/94mm Hg, systolic and diastolic BP were reduced by a mean of -23/-12mm Hg after 3 months. 66.1% of the @entity1 were responders (reduction of diastolic BP >/=10mm Hg), and 48.0% achieved BP normalisation (i.e. <140/90mm Hg). 79% of @entity1 met their individual treatment goals as defined by the treating physician (mean 135/80mm Hg). AEs were reported in only 322 @entity1 (0.4%). Factors requiring special attention in @entity1 not achieving BP control were age (>55 years), high BMI category (>25 kg/m(2)), and increased waist circumference. CONCLUSION: Treatment with @entity7056 (+/- @entity918 ) appeared to be effective and well tolerated in the study population of @entity1 with @entity28 - associated @entity101 . Easily recognisable characteristics allow physicians to identify @entity1 whose BP is likely to be difficult to control.

title: Antihypertensive effect of @entity7056 and predictors of response in @entity28 -associated XXXX : a prospective, open-label study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity7056 :: ('MESH:C081309', 'Chemical') :: ['irbesartan', 'Irbesartan']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['BP reduction']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Non-dippers are known to carry a high risk of @entity65 due to higher cumulative 24-h pressure load over time. In this study, we hypothesized that non-dippers would be associated with @entity299 in treated @entity101 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 150 outpatients treated with antihypertensive drugs for at least 1 year were enrolled. The @entity1 were classified as non-dippers if their daytime ambulatory systolic and diastolic BP did not decrease by at least 10% during the night. LV diastolic function was assessed by measuring mitral inflow velocity (E), early diastolic mitral annulus tissue velocity (E') and LV systolic function was assessed by measuring systolic tissue velocity (S'), longitudinal systolic strain and strain rate. RESULTS: The Cornell voltage product, LA volume index and LV mass index was significantly higher in non-dippers. Early diastolic mitral annulus tissue velocity (E') was lower and E/E' was higher in non-dippers suggestive of @entity67 . Systolic tissue velocity (S'), systolic strain and strain rate were significantly lower in non-dippers suggestive of @entity299 . The non-dipper status, controlled for age, sex and LV mass index showed significant correlation with E' (beta=-0.203, P=0.002), E/E' (beta=0.354, P<0.001), S' (beta=-0.231, P=0.002), strain (beta=-0.162, P=0.040) and strain rate (beta=-0.186, P=0.015). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed the non-dippers in treated @entity101 @entity1 were associated with @entity299 and early @entity1002 . Further studies to demonstrate the long term prognostic significance of this finding is warranted.

title: Non-dippers are associated with XXXX (R1).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['adverse cardiac remodeling', 'adverse cardiac remodeling and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction', 'systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV dysfunction']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['adverse cardiac remodeling and dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5697 ( @entity5697 ) associated with @entity1652 ( @entity1652 ) can be severe and is well known to reduce mobility early in the disease. However the burden of @entity1494 is unknown and overlooked. We studied the frequency of @entity1494 and their impact on quality of life. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 60 @entity1 who had @entity3951 -IgG positive @entity1652 associated @entity5697 was performed using the Bladder Control Scale, Lower Urinary Tract Quality of Life, Bowel Control Scale and Neurogenic Bowel Score, Short-Form-36 Health Survey and EDSS. The relationships between the variables were analysed with multiple linear regression. RESULTS: Fifty @entity1 and 10 @entity1 participated. 78% (47/60) @entity1 reported @entity1494 and a similar number reported bowel problems. 87% (52/60) @entity1 reported either @entity1494 . 65% (39/60) developed residual symptoms after the first episode of @entity4685 and the remaining by the second episode. Both @entity1494 reduced quality of life and required modification of lifestyle in 83% (39/47) and 70% (33/47) respectively. CONCLUSION: Bladder and @entity29 is very common in @entity1652 associated @entity4685 developing early in the disease and significantly affects quality of life.

title: Bladder and XXXX affect quality of life. A cross sectional study of 60 @entity1 with @entity3951 antibody positive @entity1652 .

entities_list: @entity5697 :: ('MESH:D009188', 'Disease') :: ['TM', 'Transverse myelitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder and bowel dysfunction', 'bladder symptoms', 'bladder or bowel dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['Neuromyelitis Optica', 'NMO']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['bowel dysfunction']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['bowel dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Some authors suggest that single joint (SJ) exercises promote greater muscle @entity1184 because they are easier to be learned and therefore have less reliance on neural factors. On the other hand, some authors recommend an emphasis on @entity2720 ( @entity2720 ) exercises for maximizing muscle strength, assuming that @entity2720 exercises are more effective than SJ exercises because they enable a greater magnitude of weight to be lifted. OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to compare the effects of @entity2720 vs. SJ exercises on muscle size and strength gains in untrained young @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-nine young @entity1 , without prior resistance training experience, were randomly divided into two groups. One group performed (n = 14) only @entity2720 exercises involving the elbow flexors (lat. pull downs), while the other (n = 15) trained the elbow flexors muscles using only SJ exercises (biceps curls). Both groups trained twice a week for a period of ten weeks. The volunteers were evaluated for peak torque of elbow flexors (PT) in an isokinetic dynamometer and for @entity121 ( @entity121 ) by ultrasonography. RESULTS: There were significant increases in @entity121 of 6.10% and 5.83% for @entity2720 and SJ, respectively; and there were also significant increases in PT for @entity2720 (10.40%) and SJ (11.87%). However, the results showed no difference between groups pre or post training for @entity121 or PT. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that @entity2720 and SJ exercises are equally effective for promoting increases in upper body muscle strength and size in untrained @entity1 . Therefore, the selection between SJ and @entity2720 exercises should be based on individual and practical aspects, such as, equipment availability, movement specificity, individual preferences and time commitment.

title: Single vs. Multi-Joint Resistance Exercises: Effects on Muscle Strength and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['MT', 'muscle thickness']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['Hypertrophy']


abstract: Activation of @entity3725 ( @entity3725 ) confers cardioprotection, while its mechanism remains elusive. We investigated the protective effect of @entity3725 activation against @entity299 -reperfusion injury in terms of the expression of uncoupling protein ( @entity5483 ). @entity583 size and @entity5483 expression were measured in @entity35 treated with @entity21372 20   mg/kg, a @entity3725 ligand, or vehicle. @entity21372 increased @entity5485 expression in vivo. @entity583 size was decreased in the @entity21372 group (76    8% versus 42    12%, P<0.05). During reperfusion, the incidence of @entity943 was higher in the control group compared with the @entity21372 group (9/10 versus 3/10, P<0.05). H9c2 cells were incubated for 24   h with @entity21372 or vehicle. @entity21372 increased @entity5485 expression in H9c2 cells. @entity21372 decreased @entity519 -stimulated ROS production. Cells treated with @entity21372 were more resistant to @entity519 -reoxygenation than the untreated cells. Knocking-down @entity5485 by siRNA prevented @entity21372 from attenuating the production of ROS. @entity5485 siRNA abolished the effect of @entity21372 on cell viability against @entity519 -reoxygenation. In summary, administration of @entity3725 agonist @entity21372 mitigated the extent of @entity583 and incidence of reperfusion-induced @entity943 . @entity3725 activation conferred cytoprotective effect against @entity519 -reoxygenation. Associated mechanisms involved increased @entity5485 expression and resultant attenuation of ROS production.

title: Protective Effect of XXXX Activation against @entity299 -Reperfusion Injury Is Related to Upregulation of Uncoupling Protein-3.

entities_list: @entity3725 :: ('25747(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a', 'PPARa']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial infarct']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity3725 :: (25747(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor a']


abstract: Successful therapy of @entity1457 in adults and @entity1 with @entity369 -vasopressin ( @entity1831 ) has been reported previously. Data on the use of @entity1951 in neonates is limited. This retrospective study reports the effects of AVP-treatment in neonates with @entity2922 -resistant systemic vasodilatation after cardiopulmonary bypass. From March 2003 through December 2005, 172 neonates underwent open-heart surgery, 17 developed vasopressor-resistant @entity551 and were treated with AVP. Thirteen @entity1 had a stage I palliation of single ventricle, two had a Ross-operation and two had an arterial switch operation. All @entity1 received multiple traditional inotropes and vasopressors prior to administration of AVP. AVP was started at median 0.0001 U x kg(-1) x @entity1009 ) (range 0.00005-0.0002) and titrated up to a maximum of median 0.0003 U x kg(-1) x @entity1009 ) (range 0.0001-0.001). AVP led to a significant increase in blood pressure (from 49+/-8 mmHg to 69+/-7 mmHg) and the requirement of traditional vasopressors decreased significantly. No peripheral vasoconstriction or @entity63 was observed. Four of 13 @entity1 , all with single ventricle palliation, died. In two @entity1 @entity204 occurred due to additional complications 6 days after AVP was discontinued. One @entity1 , who was still on AVP, died 42 hours postoperatively after prolonged @entity519 not responding to inhaled @entity842 . One @entity1 arrested on the third postoperative day when AVP was almost weaned. CONCLUSION: In neonates with @entity1457 after cardiopulmonary bypass AVP is a potent agent to increase blood pressure when traditional vasopressors are failing.

title: XXXX -vasopressin in neonates with @entity1457 after cardiopulmonary bypass.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['vasodilatory shock']

entities_list: @entity1951 :: ('MESH:D014667', 'Chemical') :: ['vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity369 :: (CHEBI:29016,Chemical) :: ['Arginine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity174 and @entity604 are major clinical problems in birds. Achieving bone formation and clinical union in a @entity174 case is important for the survival of the bird. To evaluate the efficacy of bone grafts for @entity154 in birds, 2 different bone grafts were investigated in the healing of a bone defect in 24 healthy pigeons ( @entity22036 ). In each bird, a 1-cm @entity3124 ( @entity3124 ) was created in the left ulna, and the @entity174 was stabilized with external skeletal fixation (ESF). A graft of @entity692 (HA) alone (n = 12 birds) or demineralized bone matrix (DBM) combined with HA (n = 12 birds) was implanted in the @entity3124 . The @entity3124 healing was evaluated at 3 endpoints: 3, 6, and 12 weeks after surgery. Four birds were euthanatized at each endpoint from each treatment group, and bone graft healing in the ulna @entity3124 was evaluated by histologic examination. The @entity3124 and graft implants were evaluated for quality of union, cortex development, and bone graft incorporation. Results showed no graft rejection in any bird, and all birds had connective tissue formation in the defect because of the bone graft application. These results suggest that bone @entity154 can be achieved by a combination of osteoinductive and osteoconductive bone graft materials for clinical union and new bone regeneration in birds. The combination of DBM and HA resulted in a better quality bone graft (P < .05) than did HA alone, but there was no significant differences in cortex development or bone graft incorporation at 3, 6, or 12 weeks. From the results of this study, we conclude that HA bone grafts, alone or in combination with DBM, with external skeletal fixation is suitable and safe for bone defect and @entity174 treatment in pigeons.

title: Histologic Evaluation of Critical Size Defect Healing With Natural and Synthetic Bone Grafts in the Pigeon ( XXXX ) Ulna.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['defect healing']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone segment loss']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['CSD', 'critical size defect']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity22036 :: ('8932', 'Species') :: ['Columba livia']

answer: @entity22036 :: (8932,Species) :: ['Columba livia']


abstract: AIM: To investigate incidence of @entity137 and related hospitalization among @entity1 treated at our institute by a short course of palliative cranial radiotherapy against a longer, widely established schedule. BACKGROUND: Shorter schedule palliative cranial radiotherapy is more convenient for @entity1 and reduce waiting times. Although many studies have established safety of short schedules, the need for hospitalization due to acute @entity137 remains under-explored. Hospital admissions are an economic burden both for the @entity1 and healthcare system in a limited resource setting. Delivery of treatment on an outpatient basis and within shorter times is preferred by @entity1 , caregivers and healthcare staff. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective study on 68 @entity1 treated with palliative whole brain radiotherapy between November 2010 and October 2012. One group received 20  Gy in 5 fractions over 1 week and the other group, 30  Gy in 10 fractions over 2 weeks. @entity137 due to cranial radiotherapy was assessed as per RTOG acute and late @entity137 criteria. Need for hospitalization owing to acute @entity137 was also noted. Significant differences in the study parameters between the two groups were calculated by Fisher's t-test. RESULTS: Requirement for hospital stay due to acute @entity137 was not significantly different between the two groups. @entity1 in both groups experienced similar @entity137 both during and after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The shorter course entailed no significant increase in @entity137 related admissions, suitable for limited resource settings where @entity1 transport is difficult, there are financial constraints, and the healthcare system is overburdened.

title: Incidence of hospitalization in XXXX receiving short course palliative cranial radiotherapy on outpatient basis in a limited resource setting - Experience from a regional cancer center in India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'treatment toxicity', 'Treatment toxicity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity65 ( @entity65 ) and @entity170 are common age-related conditions. In both cross-sectional and longitudinal epidemiologic studies, low bone mass has been related to increased frequency of @entity65 . But available data in geriatric population is limited. In this study we aimed to seek the possible relationship between @entity453 and low @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in a large number of geriatric @entity1 . A total of 2235 @entity1 aged 65 years or more were included in this cross-sectional study. All @entity1 underwent a complete geriatric assessment and evaluated for @entity453 and cardiovascular risk factors. @entity79 was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the lumbar spine (L1-L4) and femoral neck. @entity79 results were classified into three groups; normal (T-score: >= -1.0 S.D.), @entity2331 (T-score between -1.0 and -2.5 S.D.), and @entity170 (T-score:  <=-2.5 S.D.). @entity453 was present in 397 (29.7%) of 1335 @entity1 with @entity170 , in 199 (27.4%) of 726 @entity1 with @entity2331 and in 34 (19.5%) of 174 @entity1 with normal @entity79 . Multivariate regression analysis revealed that presence of @entity170 or @entity2331 increased the prevalence of @entity453 as an independent correlate (OR=1.643; 95% CI=1.068-2.528, p=0.030). This study highlights the need for careful evaluation of elderly @entity1 with low @entity79 for possible @entity453 .

title: Coexistence of @entity170 ( XXXX ) and @entity453 ( @entity453 ) in the elderly: it is not just a by chance event.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease', 'CVD']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['OP']


abstract: This study was performed to investigate the utility of transcranial color Doppler sonography in evaluating adult @entity7026 . Twelve @entity1 with such @entity600 underwent sonography. Spectral Doppler sonographic assessment included peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, and resistive index within the intracranial and extracranial vessels. Color Doppler sonography was used to visualize the site of shunting. Paired and unpaired Student's t-tests were used to determine significance of spectral findings. The nidus was seen in eight of 10 pial @entity600 . The nidi in two @entity1 were located in the parietal region and not visualized. When compared with the corresponding contralateral artery, feeding arteries (identified in all 10 of the @entity75 ) demonstrated diminished resistive indices (P = 0.09). Similarly, the end diastolic velocity was increased in all feeding arteries (P = 0.03). When compared with published normal values, the peak systolic and end diastolic velocities were significantly elevated and the resistive indices were low (P < 0.0003). Transcranial color Doppler sonography depicted the nidi of @entity2758 in 80% of cases. Feeding arteries demonstrated abnormal peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, and resistive index in all cases when compared with published values. Transcranial color Doppler sonography is not a good screening tool due to limited acoustical window, but it may be useful for noninvasive study of the physiology of @entity2758 as they are treated.

title: Transcranial color Doppler imaging of brain XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity7026 :: ('MESH:D002538', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral arteriovenous malformations']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformations', 'pial arteriovenous malformations']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['pial lesions']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

answer: @entity2758 :: (MESH:D001165,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous malformations']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Despite frequent use of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( @entity970 ) for enteral feeding, the relationship between it and @entity354 ( @entity354 ) remains an incompletely answered question. We conducted this study to compare the @entity354 between the same @entity1 fed with a nasogastric (NG) tube and later with a @entity970 tube. METHODS: We enrolled 15 @entity1 who had received NG tube feeding for > 6 months and were about to receive @entity970 tube insertion. We used Ponsky's pull method with 24 Fr feeding tubes. They received two @entity354 scans, one just before @entity970 tube insertion and another 1 week after insertion. We drew regions of interest of radioactivity in the esophagus and stomach manually. The ratios of radioactivity of the region of interest in the esophagus over the stomach ( @entity354 ratio) were calculated to evaluate the severity of @entity354 and compared. RESULTS: The @entity354 ratios of these @entity1 were all small and <3% except one that was 4.7% in one @entity1 before @entity970 tube insertion. There was a small but substantial decrease (65% risk reduction) in @entity354 ratio after @entity970 tube insertion. After arcsine transformation, the difference in the transformed data between @entity1 fed with an NG tube and after @entity970 tube insertion was significant (t= 2.46, p = 0.028), and was lower after @entity970 tube insertion. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates by scintigraphy a small but significant reduction of @entity354 after shifting from NG to @entity970 tube feeding.

title: Changes in @entity354 in XXXX with nasogastric tube followed by percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux', 'GER']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The @entity69910 intrastrand DNA cross-link arises from the bis-alkylation of tandem N(6)-dA sites in DNA by R,R-butadiene diepoxide (BDO(2)). The oligodeoxynucleotide 5'-d(C(1)G(2)G(3)A(4)C(5)X(6)Y(7)G(8)A(9)A(10)G(11))-3'.5'-d(C(12)T(13)T(14)C(15)T(16)T(17)G(18)T(19)C(20)C(21)G(22))-3' contains the BDO(2) cross-link between the second and third adenines of the codon 61 sequence (underlined) of the @entity1 @entity8497 protooncogene and is named the (S,S)-BD-(61-2,3) cross-link (X,Y = cross-linked adenines). NMR analysis reveals that the cross-link is oriented in the major groove of duplex DNA. @entity1264 pairing is perturbed at base pair X(6).T(17), whereas base pairing is intact at base pair Y(7).T(16). The cross-link appears to exist in two conformations, in rapid exchange on the NMR time scale. In the first conformation, the beta-OH is predicted to form a @entity3884 bond with T(16) O(4), whereas in the second, the beta-OH is predicted to form a @entity3884 bond with T(17) O(4). In contrast to the (R,R)-BD-(61-2,3) cross-link in the same sequence (Merritt, W. K., Nechev, L. V., Scholdberg, T. A., Dean, S. M., Kiehna, S. E., Chang, J. C., Harris, T. M., Harris, C. M., Lloyd, R. S., and Stone, M. P. (2005) Biochemistry 44, 10081-10092), the anti-conformation of the two @entity3787 groups at C(beta) and C(gamma) with respect to the C(beta)-C(gamma) bond results in a decreased twist between base pairs X(6).T(17) and Y(7).T(16), and an approximate 10 degrees bending of the duplex. These conformational differences may account for the differential mutagenicity of the (S,S)- and (R,R)-BD-(61-2,3) cross-links and suggest that stereochemistry plays a role in modulating biological responses to these cross-links (Kanuri, M., Nechev, L. V., Tamura, P. J., Harris, C. M., Harris, T. M., and Lloyd, R. S. (2002) Chem. Res. Toxicol. 15, 1572-1580).

title: Structure of the @entity69910 intrastrand DNA cross-link arising from butadiene diepoxide in the @entity1 XXXX codon 61 sequence.

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity1264 :: ('MESH:D009456', 'Disease') :: ['Watson-Crick base']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity69910 :: ('MESH:C519532', 'Chemical') :: ["1,4-bis(2'-deoxyadenosin-N(6)-yl)-2S,3S-butanediol"]

answer: @entity8497 :: (4893,Gene) :: ['N-ras']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The utility of computed tomographic perfusion (CTP)-based @entity1 selection for intra-arterial treatment of acute @entity385 has not been proven in randomized trials and requires further study in a cohort that was not selected based on CTP. Our objective was to study the relationship between CTP-derived parameters and outcome and treatment effect in @entity1 with acute @entity385 because of a proximal intracranial @entity432 . METHODS: We included 175 @entity1 who underwent CTP in the Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Treatment for Acute @entity385 in The Netherlands (MR CLEAN). Association of CTP-derived parameters ( @entity63 -core volume, penumbra volume, and percentage @entity63 core) with outcome was estimated with multivariable ordinal logistic regression as an adjusted odds ratio for a shift in the direction of a better outcome on the modified Rankin Scale. Interaction between CTP-derived parameters and treatment effect was determined using multivariable ordinal logistic regression. Interaction with treatment effect was also tested for mismatch (core <70 mL; penumbra core >1.2; penumbra core >10 mL). RESULTS: The adjusted odds ratio for improved functional outcome for @entity63 core, percentage @entity63 core, and penumbra were 0.79 per 10 mL (95% confidence interval: 0.71-0.89; P<0.001), 0.82 per 10% (95% confidence interval: 0.66-0.90; P=0.002), and 0.97 per 10 mL (96% confidence interval: 0.92-1.01; P=0.15), respectively. No significant interaction between any of the CTP-derived parameters and treatment effect was observed. We observed no significant interaction between mismatch and treatment effect. CONCLUSIONS: CTP seems useful for predicting functional outcome, but cannot reliably identify @entity1 who will not benefit from intra-arterial therapy.

title: Value of Computed Tomographic Perfusion-Based XXXX Selection for Intra-Arterial Acute @entity385 Treatment.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'Ischemic Stroke']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Due to its concave morphology, a COL creates difficulties for proper oral hygiene. When this characteristic is accentuated by tooth position or caries and when restorations are necessary, they should be corrected by preprosthetic surgery. However, there are no data proving the efficacy of the procedures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate tissue response to preprosthetic surgery to modify COL morphology. METHODS: Five mongrel @entity235 received apically positioned flaps, osteotomy/plasty, and @entity133 ( @entity133 ) on the maxillary right third bicuspid and first molar; on the same teeth on the left side, a large tissue excision similar to gingivectomy and @entity133 were performed. Histologic specimens stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Mallory were evaluated at hour 0 and 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks under light microscopy. RESULTS: At hour 0, @entity548 in the remaining interproximal tissue on the left side, and denuded bone modified by the osteotomy on the right side, were observed. At 1 week, both sides showed the presence of granulation tissue and the beginning of reepithelialization and fiber formation. At 2 weeks, the papillae were rebuilt and epithelialized, with fewer inflammatory cells and dilated blood vessels, with a convex morphology. At 3 weeks, the papillae were convex and saddle shaped, with thicker epithelium and denser connective tissue. The general aspect was similar to @entity1464 . However, on the right side, the total extension of the interproximal tissues was longer and had a less accentuated convex curvature. At 4 weeks, the tissues were more mature, but the morphologic and histological findings were similar to 3 weeks. CONCLUSION: Both techniques modified the COL morphology, suggesting that the @entity133 technique was effective; but the apically positioned flap with osteotomy and @entity133 created a more extensive convex surface and more interproximal space for the prosthesis. It is recommended that this technique be considered for use in @entity1 .

title: Preprosthetic periodontal surgery in the interproximal area with modification of the COL area: anatomic and histologic study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1464 :: ('MESH:D005889', 'Disease') :: ['attached gingiva']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['RAI', 'restorative alveolar interface technique']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Nodular lymphocyte predominant @entity978 (nLPHL) comprises approximately 10-12% of all childhood @entity978 . As the majority have low stage disease recent years have seen a de-escalation of treatment intensity to avoid treatment-related morbidity. This report evaluates treatment outcome in @entity1 with histopathological variants of nLPHL after therapy de-escalation. Biopsies from 60 @entity1 were reviewed and histology categorized as typical (n  =  47; 78%) or variant nLPHL (n  =  13; 22%). Furthermore, presence of immunoglobulin D (IgD) expression by the lymphocyte predominant (LP) cells was assessed in 41 @entity1 . Treatment outcomes were compared according to treatment received and histopathology of nLPHL. Compared to typical nLPHL, @entity1 with variant nLPHL had higher stage disease at diagnosis (stage III: 3/13; 23% vs. 3/47; 6%, P  =  0  11), lower complete response rates (6/13; 46% vs. 38/47; 81%, P  =  0  029) and higher relapse rates (2/13; 15% vs. 2/47; 4%, P  =  0  20). Additionally, IgD expression by LP cells was associated with poorer treatment response and was more commonly seen in @entity1 with variant nLPHL. (11/13; 85% vs. 15/28; 54%, P  =  0  08). Variant histology appears to be indicative of a poorer prognosis in @entity1 with early stage disease, and may be an important factor to take into account when moving towards reduced intensity treatment for nLPHL.

title: Childhood and Adolescent nodular lymphocyte predominant XXXX - A review of clinical outcome based on the histological variants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin lymphoma']