abstract: CONTEXT: In the experimental animal, inflammatory signals quench LH's feedforward drive of @entity251 (T) secretion and appear to impair GnRH-LH output. The degree to which such suppressive effects operate in the @entity1 is not known. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that @entity1199 impairs LH's feedforward drive on T and T's feedback inhibition of LH secretion in healthy @entity1 . SETTING: Mayo Center for Translational Science Activities. @entity1 OR OTHER @entity1 : A total of 35 healthy @entity1 , 17 young and 18 older. INTERVENTIONS: Randomized prospective double-blind saline-controlled study of @entity1199 infusion in 2 doses with concurrent 10-minute blood sampling for 24 hours. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Deconvolution analysis of LH and T secretion. RESULTS: After saline injection, older compared with young @entity1 exhibited reduced LH feedforward drive on T secretion (P < .001), and decreased T feedback inhibition of LH secretion (P < .01). After @entity1199 injection, LH's feedforward onto T secretion declined markedly especially in young subjects (P < .001). Concomitantly, @entity1199 potentiated T's proportional feedback on LH secretion especially in older volunteers. CONCLUSION: This investigation confirms combined feedforward and feedback deficits in older relative to young @entity1 given saline and demonstrates 1) joint mechanisms by which @entity1199 enforces biochemical @entity6126 , viz, combined feedforward block and feedback amplification; and 2) unequal absolute inhibition of T and LH secretion by @entity1199 in young and older @entity1 . These outcomes establish that the male @entity444 is susceptible to dual-site suppression by a prototypic inflammatory mediator. Thus, we postulate that selected ILs might also enforce @entity14136 in @entity32 .

title: Proinflammatory Cytokine Infusion Attenuates LH's Feedforward on XXXX Secretion: Modulation by Age.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic systemic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity444 :: ('MESH:D006059', 'Disease') :: ['gonadal axis']

entities_list: @entity14136 :: ('MESH:D005058', 'Disease') :: ['male hypogonadism']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['Testosterone']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity174 in the pediatric population have a significant impact on public health. Although some demographic data exists regarding the overall epidemiology of @entity174 , @entity306 has been paid to the patterns of @entity174 based on the etiology of the @entity130 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The Kids' Inpatient Database 2000-2009 was utilized to analyze pediatric @entity174 . A total of 21,533 @entity1 were identified. Associations of @entity1 characteristics with outcomes of interest were assessed. RESULTS: The top three etiologies were @entity64 ( @entity64 ), intentional @entity130 (IT), and falls. There was a decrease in the incidence of @entity174 due to MVAs and an increase in @entity130 due to IT and falls. Concomitant @entity130 were present in 58.8% and the mortality rate was 2%. The rate of concomitant @entity130 increased during study period. Age was significantly associated with @entity130 , mortality, and LOS. CONCLUSION: The increasing rate of IT and falls with @entity130 warrants special consideration to reduce undiagnosed accompanying @entity130 . Further programs should be put in place to protect @entity1 younger than 5 years of age, who have increased risk of @entity130 and mortality following intentional @entity130 .

title: Epidemiology and cause-specific outcomes of XXXX in hospitalized @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['motor vehicle accident', 'MVA']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Facial fractures', 'facial fractures']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'concomitant injury', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['little attention']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['facial fracture']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In a lentivirus-based gene delivery system, the incorporated gene is continuously expressed for a long time. In this study, we devised a simple way to knock down a specific gene in a kidney cell-specific pattern in adult @entity19 by lentivirus-assisted transfer of short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Kidney @entity1358 ( @entity1358 )-specific aquaporin-3 ( @entity23071 )-knockdown @entity19 were generated by consecutive injection of @entity10750 -Cre-expressing lentivirus (LV- @entity10750 Cre) and loxP- @entity23071 shRNA-expressing lentivirus (LV-loxP shAQP3) in adult C57BL6/J @entity19 . LV- @entity10750 Cre was designed to express mCherry, while LV-loxP shAQP3 was designed with a floxed enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-tagged stop sequence, and thus EGFP would be expressed only in the absence of Cre recombination. In @entity19 treated with LV- @entity10750 Cre alone, mCherry protein expression, which indicates the presence of Cre recombinase, occurred only in @entity1358 cells. However, LV-loxP shAQP3 injection alone resulted in an increase in EGFP expression in all kidney cells, indicating the transcription of the floxed region. When LV- @entity10750 Cre and LV-loxP shAQP3 were sequentially transduced, EGFP expression was attenuated while mCherry expression was sustained in @entity1358 cells, demonstrating a @entity1358 cell-specific recombination of the floxed region. @entity23071 expression in @entity19 injected with LV- @entity10750 Cre or LV-loxP shAQP3 alone did not differ, but consecutive injection of LV- @entity10750 Cre and LV-loxP shAQP3 significantly reduced @entity23071 expression in @entity1358 cells. However, the expression levels of @entity23071 were not altered in other cell types. Double transduction of Cre- and loxP-based lentivirus can easily generate kidney cell-specific knockdown @entity19 , and this method might be applicable to other species.

title: Double transduction of a Cre/LoxP lentiviral vector: a simple method to generate kidney cell-specific knockdown XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'collecting duct']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: PURPOSE: Medically @entity302 caused by cortical tubers resulting from @entity2916 ( @entity2916 ) often requires surgical intervention. The locations of cortical tubers generally are determined by preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this pilot study, we explored the feasibility of using the optical characteristics of cortical tubers as a potential means to guide their resection intraoperatively. METHODS: Optical characteristics of normal cortex and cortical tubers were measured intraoperatively using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in three @entity1 undergoing @entity302 surgery for drug-resistant @entity410 . Unique diffuse reflectance spectroscopic features of cortical tubers were identified and their physiologic associations determined. KEY FINDINGS: Diffuse reflectance spectra revealed several features that distinguish cortical tubers from normal cortex. In tubers, diffuse reflectance intensities at oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin isobestic points, like 500, 530, and 570 nm, were consistently higher than those in normal cortex. According to the profile of diffuse reflectance spectra from 520-580 nm, hemoglobin oxygenation in tubers often was lower than in normal cortex. SIGNIFICANCE: Albeit preliminary, our findings suggest that the optical characteristics of cortical tubers differ from intervening normal cortex, likely reflecting the lower cerebral blood volumes and reduced hemoglobin oxygenation of cortical tubers. The results of this study can be used to design biomedical instruments that aid tuberectomies.

title: In vivo optical properties of cortical tubers in @entity1 with XXXX ( @entity2916 ): a preliminary investigation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis complex', 'TSC']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['refractory epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity2916 :: (MESH:D014402,Disease) :: ['tuberous sclerosis complex']


abstract: Many @entity1 with early stage @entity2 (stage I and II) are curable by surgical resection. In @entity1 with locally advanced disease surgery plays an important role in order to provide @entity5 control. Therefore, the aim of all staging efforts in NSCLC must be to identify all @entity1 , who might be potential candidates for a surgical approach. Current staging tools include imaging techniques like CT- and PET-scan, transthoracic, transbronchial or transeosophageal needle biopsies and finally surgical staging methods including mediastinoscopy and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). With respect to mediastinal lymph node staging, cervical mediastinoscopy is reported to have a sensitivity between 81 and 89%. This mainly due to the fact, that some lymph node levels (# 8, 9, 5, 6) are not accessible by the standard cervical approach. The morbidity and mortality of cervical mediastinoscopy is in experienced centers only minimal. In series with more than 1000 @entity1 , the mortality was almost 0% and morbidity varied between 0.5 and 1%. Cervical mediastinoscopy can be performed also as an outpatient procedure. In addition to 'simple' lymph node staging, mediastinoscopy clarifies the local resectability of central @entity5 (T-factor). Currently, cervical mediastinoscopy is recommended by almost all scientific societies in @entity1 with apparently resectable NSCLC who present with enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes of >1 cm in short axis diameter. Video-mediastinoscopy allows that the procedure gets even more standardized and preliminary data suggest that the sensitivity might be improved in comparison to conventional mediastinoscopy. Since VATS is widely accepted by the community of thoracic surgeons, it has become an important staging tool in many situations. VATS can be used to rule out or confirm a suspected contralateral lung metastasis. Furthermore, VATS is extremely useful to exclude @entity3483 in otherwise operable @entity1 . This examination can be done in the operating room immediately prior to formal thoracotomy. Additionally, VATS is effective to explore the local resectability in @entity1 with suspected mediastinal infiltration or a lymphangiosis carcinomatosa within the mediastinum. VATS allows an accurate staging of more than 90% of the @entity1 with suspected stage IIIB NSCLC. With respect to lymph node staging, VATS is complimentary to cervical mediastinoscopy because it helps to stage the lymph nodes in the A-P. window (#5, 6), as well as the lymph nodes paraesophageal (#8) and in the pulmonary ligament (#9). In conclusion, surgical staging methods provide a 100% specificity in combination with a high sensitivity and only a minimal morbidity. Currently, surgical staging is recommended by the majority of scientific societies for the staging of @entity1 with apparently resectable NCSLC.

title: Initial surgical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['local tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural effusions']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['staging of lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Critically ill @entity82 @entity1 have an increased risk of morbidity and mortality, even after admission to the ICU. Our objectives were to compare the predictive accuracy of @entity3851 ( @entity3851 ), @entity3851 - @entity4024 , UK @entity3851 , and @entity1578 -sequential organ failure assessment ( @entity58049 -SOFA) by the development and validation of an easy-to-use prognostic model [named quick @entity58049 -SOFA (qCLIF-SOFA)] for early risk prediction in @entity3124 @entity1 with @entity82 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Overall, 1460 @entity1 were extracted from the MIMIC-III database and enrolled in this study at 30-day and 90-day follow-up. qCLIF-SOFA was developed in the established cohort (n=730) and a performance analysis was completed in the validation cohort (n=730) using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results were compared with @entity58049 -SOFA. RESULTS: The performance of @entity58049 was significantly better than that of @entity3851 , @entity3851 - @entity4024 , and UK @entity3851 for predicting both 30-day and 90-day mortality (all P<0.05). qCLIF-SOFA consisted of five independent factors ( @entity648 , @entity1011 , international normalized ratio, mean arterial pressure, and vasopressin) associated with mortality. In the established cohort, @entity58049 -SOFA and qCLIF-SOFA predicted mortality with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values of 0.768 versus 0.743 at 30-day, 0.747 versus 0.744 at 90-day, and 0.699 versus 0.706 at 1 year, respectively (all P>0.05). A similar result was observed in the validation cohort (0.735 vs. 0.734 at 30 days, 0.723 vs. 0.737 at 90 days, and 0.682 vs. 0.700 at 1 year, respectively, all P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The utility of @entity58049 was further shown to predict mortality for @entity3124 @entity82 @entity1 . The novel and simpler qCLIF-SOFA model showed comparable accuracy compared with existing @entity58049 for prognostic prediction.

title: Quick @entity1578 -sequential organ failure assessment: an easy-to-use scoring model for predicting mortality risk in @entity3124 @entity82 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver failure']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['MELD', 'model for end-stage liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity356 is one of the most common @entity5 in the world. A large number of differentially expressed genes have been identified as being associated with @entity356 progression, however, little is known about the underlying regulatory mechanisms. To address this problem, we developed a differential networking approach that is characterized by including a nascent methodology, differential coexpression analysis (DCEA), and two novel quantitative methods for differential regulation analysis. We first applied DCEA to a gene expression dataset of gastric normal mucosa, @entity2513 samples to identify gene interconnection changes during @entity5 progression, based on which we inferred normal, @entity652 , and @entity189 -specific gene regulation networks by using linear regression model. It was observed that @entity5 genes and drug targets were enriched in each network. To investigate the dynamic changes of gene regulation during carcinogenesis, we then designed two quantitative methods to prioritize differentially regulated genes (DRGs) and gene pairs or links (DRLs) between adjacent stages. It was found that known @entity5 genes and drug targets are significantly higher ranked. The top 4% normal vs. @entity652 DRGs (36 genes) and top 6% @entity652 vs. @entity189 DRGs (56 genes) proved to be worthy of further investigation to explore their association with @entity356 . Out of the 16 DRGs involved in two top-10 DRG lists of normal vs. @entity652 and @entity652 vs. @entity189 comparisons, 15 have been reported to be @entity356 or @entity5 related. Based on our inferred differential networking information and known signaling pathways, we generated testable hypotheses on the roles of @entity43289 , @entity2260 and their signaling pathways in @entity356 . Compared with established approaches which build genome-scale GRNs, or sub-networks around differentially expressed genes, the present one proved to be better at enriching @entity5 genes and drug targets, and prioritizing disease-related genes on the dataset we considered. We propose this extendable differential networking framework as a promising way to gain insights into gene regulatory mechanisms underlying @entity5 progression and other phenotypic changes.

title: Differential network analysis reveals dysfunctional regulatory networks in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'Gastric Carcinoma', 'gastric carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma and carcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinogenesis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity296 related to non-specific inflammation can be detected using late @entity2287 -enhancement cardiovascular MR (LGE-CMR), which is an important prognostic indicator for @entity384 ( @entity384 ). The aims of this study were to define the prognostic factors for @entity384 with LGE-CMR, and to evaluate the impact of the prognostic factors on adverse effects. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained single centre registry. We analysed the data from 76 @entity1 with @entity384 who had been admitted for @entity712 . The primary combined end point was defined as all-cause mortality and rehospitalisation. RESULTS: LGE-CMR was present in 39 @entity1 (51%), and the mean follow-up period was 813  54   days. The primary end point occurred in 20 @entity1 (5 (13.5%) @entity1 without LGE-CMR and 15 (38.5%) @entity1 with LGE-CMR, p=0.006). Sixteen of 39 @entity1 with LGE-CMR exhibited elevated high-sensitivity @entity1851 (hs-CRP >0.3   mg/dL). @entity1 with elevated hs-CRP and LGE-CMR had a significantly higher incidence of the primary end point compared with @entity1 with normal hs-CRP and LGE-CMR (62.5%; 10 @entity1 , 22.7%; 5 @entity1 , respectively, p=0.001). Elevated hs-CRP was significantly associated with the primary end point (HR: 4.04; 95% CI 1.67 to 9.76; p=0.002). After elevated hs-CRP was adjusted for known predictors of @entity384 , it was still associated with the primary end point (HR: 2.91; 95% CI 1.19 to 7.15; p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 with @entity384 , LGE-CMR and elevated hs-CRP are associated with a higher incidence of the long-term combined end point of all-cause mortality and hospitalisation. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: UMIN000001171.

title: MRI and serum high-sensitivity @entity1851 predict long-term mortality in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['acute heart failure']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['DCM', 'dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C reactive protein']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the presence of bacteria in the cervix is not a sign of disease, the majority of pathogens involved in @entity4134 originate from this "normal" flora. OBJECTIVES: To assess the distribution of cervical nongonococcal and non-chlamydial bacteria in hospitalized @entity1 with @entity5851 and the bacteria's antibiotic sensitivity. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the cultures obtained from the uterine cervix over a 1 year period (2008) at Wolfson Medical Center, Holon. The distribution of cervical nongonococcal and non-chlamydial bacteria in @entity1 with @entity5851 and the bacteria's antibiotic sensitivity was compared to that in our previous 1 year study that was performed at Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot (1988-89). RESULTS: In 2008, a total of 412 cultures were obtained of which 126 (30.5%) were sterile. The prevalence of negative cultures was similar in 2008 and in 1988, namely, 30.5% and 33.7%, respectively (P = 0.23). @entity5851 was finally diagnosed in 116 @entity1 with positive cultures. The most prevalent bacteria in the 2008 study were Enterococcus species and @entity526 - 24.0% and 26.4% respectively compared to 18.0% and 38.1% in the 1988 study, with the decrease in @entity526 isolates being significant (P = 0.0003). In 2008 the antimicrobial sensitivity for various antibiotics ranged from 44.3% to 100.0% (median 90.2%) while in 1988 it ranged from 2.9% to 80.1% (median 51.9%). CONCLUSIONS: The cervical bacterial flora in hospitalized @entity1 with @entity5851 did not vary significantly between 1988 and 2008. However, antimicrobial sensitivity of the isolated bacteria increased dramatically, probably due to a decrease in resistance to antibiotics.

title: Uterine cervical non-gonococcal and non-chlamydial bacterial flora and its antibiotic sensitivity in @entity1 with XXXX : did it vary over 20 years?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic inflammatory disease']

answer: @entity4134 :: (MESH:D000292,Disease) :: ['pelvic inflammatory disease']


abstract: Although immunization programs with @entity327 type b (Hib) conjugate vaccines have dramatically reduced disease incidence, few data are available regarding the duration of protection after vaccination. We measured serum anti- @entity11872 (PRP) levels in healthy 4- to 5- year-old @entity1 previously given 4 doses of @entity21934 vaccine (at 2, 4, 6, and 18 months) or 1 dose of PRP-D vaccine (at 19 months) during clinical trials to assess antibody persistence. Concurrent with other preschool immunizations, half of the @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive a @entity21934 booster immunization to assess responsiveness. Among 136 subjects who were primed with PRP-D, the baseline geometric mean concentration of antibody was 0.7 microg/mL (95% CI 0.5 to 0.9). Concentrations were <0.15 microg/mL in 24 (17.6%) subjects. Among 212 @entity1 who were primed with @entity21934 , the geometric mean concentration was 2.2 microg/mL (95% CI 1.9 to 2.5) (P <.001). Only 2 (0.9%) had concentrations <0.15 microg/mL. Four weeks after @entity21934 immunization, geometric mean concentrations had increased to 98.4 and 102.0 microg/mL, respectively. Responses were strong even in those with low or undetectable preimmunization antibody levels. Spontaneous increases in antibody levels were seen in 9 (5.2%) of 172 subjects not given additional @entity21934 . We concluded that among 4- to 5-year-olds, anti-PRP levels remained above 0.15 microg/mL in nearly all @entity1 after @entity21934 priming and in most after PRP-D priming, and that both groups were able to respond vigorously to restimulation, consistent with persistent immune memory.

title: Extended follow-up of antibody levels and antigen responsiveness after 2 XXXX type b conjugate vaccines.

entities_list: @entity11872 :: ('MESH:C008984', 'Chemical') :: ['polyribosylribitol phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity327 :: ('727', 'Species') :: ['Haemophilus influenzae']

answer: @entity327 :: (727,Species) :: ['Haemophilus influenzae']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The use of @entity1 recombinant activated protein C (rhAPC) for the treatment of @entity295 remains controversial despite multiple reported trials. The efficacy of rhAPC remains a matter of dispute. We hypothesized that @entity1 with @entity326 who were treated with rhAPC had an improved in-hospital mortality compared to @entity1 with @entity326 with similar acuity who did not receive rhAPC. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was completed at a large university-affiliated hospital. All @entity1 with @entity326 admitted to a 50-bed ICU between July 2003 and February 2009 were included. @entity1 were treated according to sepsis management guidelines. RESULTS: A total of 563 @entity326 @entity1 were included (110 received rhAPC and 453 did not). Treated and untreated groups were matched in @entity1 characteristics, comorbidities, and physiologic variables in a 1:1 propensity-matched analysis (108 received rhAPC, 108 did not). Mean Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores were 24.5 for the matched treated and 23.9 for the matched untreated group (P = 0.54). Receipt of rhAPC was associated with reduced in-hospital mortality (35.2% vs. 53.8%, P = 0.005), similar mean days on vasopressors (2 vs. 2, P = 0.90), similar mean days on mechanical ventilation (9 vs. 8.7, P = 0.80), similar mean length of ICU stay in days (11.0 vs. 11.3, P = 0.90), and similar mean length of hospital stay in days (19.5 vs 27, P = 0.11). No @entity1 in either group had @entity510 ; differences in @entity360 and transfusion requirements were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 in our institution with @entity326 who were treated with rhAPC had a reduced in-hospital mortality compared with @entity1 with @entity326 with similar acuity who were not treated with rhAPC. In addition, time on mechanical ventilation, time on vasopressors, lengths of stay and @entity548 complications did not differ between the groups.

title: Activated protein C in XXXX : a propensity-matched analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['severe sepsis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial bleeding']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity326 :: (MESH:D012772,Disease) :: ['septic shock']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the subsequent risk of @entity1031 in @entity1 receiving intravitreal ranibizumab and bevacizumab for age-related @entity1020 or macular @entity4 . DESIGN: Population-based crossover analysis with self-matched historical control data. METHODS: setting: Ontario, Canada, between April 1, 2006, and March 31, 2013. STUDY POPULATION: Consecutive @entity1 65 and older who initiated intravitreal treatment (N  = 57 919). INTERVENTION: Intravitreal injection of ranibizumab or bevacizumab. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Emergency visits for @entity1031 spanning 1-4 years before treatment were compared to 1 year after treatment. Also examined were other secondary events including @entity173 , @entity712 , @entity951 , falls, @entity308 , @entity2679 , and total emergencies, as well as a control group following @entity231 surgery. RESULTS: A total of 57 919 @entity1 were included who accounted for 1858 @entity1031 emergencies (48 per month) during the 3-year Baseline interval and 1077 @entity1031 emergencies (83 per month) during the 1-year Subsequent interval after initiating treatment. The absolute change in risk equaled an increase from 10.7 to 18.6 per 1000 @entity1 annually after initiation of treatment (rate ratio 1.74; 95% confidence interval 1.58-1.92; P < .0001). The relative increase was particularly pronounced for @entity385 (rate ratio 2.18; 95% confidence interval 1.94-2.46; P < .0001). The observed increase exceeded trends due to aging, applied across @entity1 with diverse characteristics, occurred with each medication (ranibizumab and bevacizumab), was not apparent for emergencies unrelated to @entity1031 , and did not occur in a control group following @entity231 surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal anti- @entity7 medications ranibizumab and bevacizumab may contribute to systemic @entity1031 in @entity1  aged 65 years or older.

title: Intravitreal anti- @entity7 treatment and the risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic', 'thromboembolic events']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1031 :: (MESH:D013923,Disease) :: ['thromboembolism']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Auditory deprivation and the restoration of hearing via a cochlear implant (CI) can induce functional plasticity in auditory cortical areas. How these plastic changes affect the ability to integrate combined auditory (A) and visual (V) information is not yet well understood. In the present study, we used electroencephalography (EEG) to examine whether age, @entity2319 and altered sensory experience with a CI can affect audio-visual (AV) interactions in post-lingually deafened CI users. Young and elderly CI users and age-matched NH listeners performed a speeded response task on basic auditory, @entity227 . Regarding the behavioral results, a redundant signals effect, that is, faster response times to cross-modal (AV) than to both of the two modality-specific stimuli (A, V), was revealed for all groups of @entity1 . Moreover, in all four groups, we found evidence for audio-visual integration. Regarding event-related responses (ERPs), we observed a more pronounced visual modulation of the cortical auditory response at N1 latency (approximately 100  ms after stimulus onset) in the elderly CI users when compared with young CI users and elderly NH listeners. Thus, elderly CI users showed enhanced audio-visual binding which may be a consequence of compensatory strategies developed due to @entity2319 and/or degraded sensory input after implantation. These results indicate that the combination of aging, sensory deprivation and CI facilitates the coupling between the auditory and the @entity227 . We suggest that this enhancement in multisensory interactions could be used to optimize auditory rehabilitation, especially in elderly CI users, by the application of strong audio-visually based rehabilitation strategies after implant switch-on.

title: XXXX in the auditory cortex of elderly cochlear-implant users.

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['temporary deafness']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual modality', 'visual and audio-visual stimuli']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['Enhanced audio-visual interactions']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity179 are characterized primarily by motor signs but are also accompanied by @entity132 . Because of the limited knowledge about these dysfunctions, this Review provides an overview of emotional competencies in @entity2033 ( @entity2033 ), @entity191 ( @entity191 ), and @entity15 ( @entity15 ), with a focus on emotion recognition, emotion regulation, and @entity308 . Most studies indicate @entity51 in @entity2033 and @entity191 , whereas data for @entity15 are inconsistent. On a neural level, dysfunctions of amygdala and striatum, among others, have been linked to these impairments. These dysfunctions also tap brain regions that are part of the emotion regulation network, suggesting problems in this competency, too. Research points to dysfunctional emotion regulation in @entity15 , whereas findings for @entity191 and @entity2033 are missing. The high prevalence of @entity308 in all three disorders emphasizes the need for effective therapies. Research on @entity132 might improve treatment, thereby increasing @entity1 ' and caregivers' well-being. J. Comp. Neurol., 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Emotional dysfunctions in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['emotional disturbances']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ["Huntington's disease", 'HD']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['facial emotion recognition deficits']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['Neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']


abstract: Protein quality scores use the @entity3689 (AA) requirements of a healthy North American @entity1 . AA requirements vary with physiologic status. We estimated AA requirements for healthy North American @entity1 , @entity1 with environmental enteric dysfunction, @entity1 recovering from wasting, and @entity1 with an @entity697 . The protein quality of food @entity3224 products was then calculated to determine whether it was sufficient in all these groups, and we found that it may not be adequate for all of them. Physiologic status is important when assessing the protein quality of food @entity3224 . Rates of weight gain from 8 published trials treating @entity1 with moderate acute @entity3147 were abstracted, and protein quality scores from the corresponding food @entity3224 products were calculated with the use of the digestible indispensable @entity3689 score (DIAAS). Two DIAAS values were calculated, one in healthy @entity1 aged 1-3 y as a reference population and the other in malnourished @entity1 aged 1-3 y as a reference population. These data were used to calculate the best fit regression line between weight gain and protein quality. The slope of the regression line was greater when malnourished @entity1 were used as a reference population than when healthy @entity1 were used (0.128; 95% CI: 0.118, 0.138 compared with 0.097; 95% CI: 0.090, 0.105 measured in g    kg(-1)    d(-1)    DIASS U(-1)). These findings suggest that adjusting AA requirements for physiologic status may more accurately estimate the minimum protein quality of food @entity3224 products.

title: Sufficient Protein Quality of Food XXXX Varies with the Physiologic Status of Recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infection']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity3224 :: (57379,Gene) :: ['Aid']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the outcomes of limbal stem cell transplantation in eyes with @entity1358 related to soft contact lens wear. DESIGN: Retrospective interventional case series. METHODS: Institutional database search at the Cincinnati Eye Institute revealed 9 @entity1 (14 eyes) who underwent limbal stem cell transplantation with systemic immunosuppression for soft contact lens wear-related @entity1358 . Outcome measures included @entity1 demographics, symptoms, best-corrected visual acuity, ocular surface stability, adverse events, and additional surgeries required. RESULTS: Average @entity1 age at time of surgery was 46.6    11.1 years (range 20-60 years). Average duration of follow-up was 28    19.1  months (range 12-70  months). Preoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/40 or worse in all eyes (average 20/70, range 20/40-20/250) and @entity1 symptoms included @entity1109 , tearing, @entity158 . Four eyes (29%) underwent living-related conjunctival limbal allograft and 10 eyes (71%) underwent cadaver-donor keratolimbal allograft surgery. Topical and systemic immunosuppression was used in all @entity1 . At final follow-up after limbal stem cell transplantation, there was a stable ocular surface in 12 of 14 eyes (86%) and improvement in BCVA to 20/30 or better and complete resolution of @entity1 symptoms in all except 1 @entity1 who had significant @entity6509 , whose BCVA remained at 20/150 and 20/60, in right and left eyes, respectively. The most common adverse event was an increase in intraocular pressure in 8 of 14 eyes (57%), requiring topical antiglaucoma treatment. Ten of 14 eyes (71%) underwent @entity231 extraction related to topical @entity479 use. No eyes required subsequent penetrating keratoplasty. CONCLUSION: Limbal stem cell transplantation is a viable option for the management of soft contact lens wear-related @entity1358 in young healthy @entity1 . Early intervention prior to subepithelial @entity82 can lead to good visual outcomes with no need for subsequent cornea transplant. Co-management with a solid organ transplant specialist is helpful for the monitoring and management of systemic adverse events related to @entity1 systemic immunosuppression.

title: Limbal Stem Cell Transplantation for Soft Contact Lens Wear-Related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['foreign body sensation']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['limbal stem cell deficiency']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['redness, and/or pain']

entities_list: @entity6509 :: ('MESH:D012393', 'Disease') :: ['rosacea blepharokeratoconjunctivitis']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the impact of @entity1410 location and vascular territory on the clinical symptoms and signs, neuroimaging findings, and clinical prognosis of @entity548 . METHODS: The data of 181 cases of @entity548 , 124 males and 57 females, aged 28 - 89, including medical history, symptoms, and signs were analyzed. On the basis of @entity1410 locations and arterial territories, the @entity548 was divided into six types: anterior type (with the blood supply from @entity6128 ), middle type (with the blood supply from medial lenticulostriate artery), posteromedial type (with the blood supply from anterior choroidal artery), posterolateral type (with the blood supply from posteromedial branches of lateral lenticulostriate artery), lateral type (with the blood supply from the most of lateral branches of lenticulostriate artery), and massive type (with the @entity1410 occupying the whole or greater part of striatocapsular region). The short-term clinical outcome and prognosis were evaluated by @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ). The relationship between the type and outcome was analyzed. RESULTS: There were 22 cases of anterior type, accounting for 12.15%, of which 68.18% showed an excellent outcome ( @entity2653 = 0 - 2) and only 1 case died. There were 12 cases of middle type, accounting for 6.63%, of which 6 cases (50%) showed a poor outcome ( @entity2653 = 5) but without dead case. There were 19 cases of posteromedial type (10.50%), of which 52.63% had excellent outcome ( @entity2653 = 0 - 2) without dead case. There were 19 cases of posterolateral type (18.78%), of which 76.47% were with poor outcome ( @entity2653 = 5) and 17.65% died. Accounting for 39.23%, lateral type was the most common condition, of which 38.03% @entity1 had a poor outcome ( @entity2653 = 5) and 8.45% cases died. The incidence rate of massive type was also high (12.71%), of which 47.82% showed a poor outcome ( @entity2653 = 5) and 47.83% cases died. CONCLUSION: @entity1410 location and vascular territory are the determinating factors of prognosis of @entity548 . The six-type classification system provides a simple and reliable means to predict the clinical outcomes and to guide therapeutic options of @entity548 .

title: [Typing and prognosis of XXXX , study of 181 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['Modified Rankin Scale', 'MRS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['striatocapsular hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity6128 :: ('MESH:D020243', 'Disease') :: ["Heubner's artery"]

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['Hematoma', 'hematoma']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['striatocapsular hemorrhage']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify key genes related to the effect of @entity172 on @entity43 . METHODS: Microarray data (GSE22600) were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus. Eight @entity172 and seven placebo treatment samples were obtained using a 2  *  2 factorial designs, which contained 2 cell lines (PEO4 and 2008) and 2 treatments ( @entity172 and placebo). Differentially expressed genes were identified by Bayesian methods, and the genes with P  <  0.05 and  log2FC (fold change)   >= 0.5 were chosen as cut-off criterion. Differentially co-expressed genes (DCGs) and differentially regulated genes (DRGs) were, respectively, identified by DCe function and DRsort function in DCGL package. Topological structure analysis was performed on the important transcriptional factors (TFs) and genes in transcriptional regulatory network using tYNA. Functional enrichment analysis was, respectively, performed for @entity17161 and the important genes using Gene Ontology and KEGG databases. RESULTS: In total, 465 @entity17161 were identified. Functional enrichment analysis of @entity17161 indicated that @entity29088 , @entity2535 , @entity12017 and MYC involved in TGF-beta signaling pathway. The 2285 DCG pairs and 357 DRGs were identified. Topological structure analysis showed that 52 important TFs and 65 important genes were identified. Functional enrichment analysis of the important genes showed that @entity876 and @entity6756 participated in DNA damage response and the genes ( @entity29088 , @entity2535 , @entity12017 and MYC) involved in TGF-beta signaling pathway. CONCLUSION: @entity876 , @entity6756 , @entity29088 , @entity2535 and @entity12017 might participate in the pathogenesis of @entity43 .

title: Identification of key genes associated with the effect of @entity172 on XXXX using microarray analysis.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: @entity31 is a @entity102 with recurrent symptoms and significant morbidity. The precise etiology is still unknown. As many as 25 percent of @entity1 with @entity31 have extraintestinal manifestations. The diagnosis is made endoscopically. Tests such as perinuclear antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies and anti- @entity375 cerevisiae antibodies are promising, but not yet recommended for routine use. Treatment is based on the extent and severity of the disease. Rectal therapy with @entity2983 compounds is used for @entity4272 . More extensive disease requires treatment with oral @entity2983 compounds and oral @entity288 . The side effects of @entity230 limit their usefulness for chronic therapy. @entity1 who do not respond to treatment with oral @entity288 require hospitalization and intravenous @entity230 . Refractory symptoms may be treated with @entity500 or infliximab. Surgical treatment of @entity31 is reserved for @entity1 who fail medical therapy or who develop severe @entity548 , perforation, or @entity5 . Longstanding @entity31 is associated with an increased risk of @entity694 . @entity1 should receive an initial screening colonoscopy eight years after the onset of pancolitis and 12 to 15 years after the onset of left-sided disease; follow-up colonoscopy should be repeated every two to three years.

title: XXXX : diagnosis and treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity4272 :: ('MESH:D011349', 'Disease') :: ['proctitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'Ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminosalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['Ulcerative colitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In a 5-year followup study, we investigated the temporal relationship between development of @entity2720 as visualized by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) versus conventional radiography (CR), in @entity1 with @entity309 . We also evaluated the risk of erosive progression on CR associated with the presence of @entity2996 . METHODS: In 10 @entity1 with @entity309 , MRI and CR of the dominant wrist were performed annually for 5 years. In each image set, each wrist bone (metacarpal bases, carpal bones, radius, and ulna) was assessed for the absence or presence of @entity79 . RESULTS: Nine bones showed radiographic erosions at baseline. Twenty-seven new radiographic erosions developed during the 5-year followup period. Of these 27 new erosions, 21 were detected 1-5 years earlier by MRI than by CR, 3 were simultaneously detected by both methods, 2 were detected 1-2 years later by MRI than by CR, and 1 @entity2681 (radiographically detected at 5-year followup) was not visualized with MRI. MRI detection of new radiographic erosions preceded CR detection by a median of 2 years. In bones with @entity2996 at baseline, the relative risk of radiographic erosions at 5-year followup was 4.5 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 2.6-7.6), compared with bones without baseline @entity2996 . If bones with baseline radiographic erosions were excluded from the analysis, the relative risk was 4.1 (95% CI 2.2-7.5). CONCLUSION: Most new radiographic @entity79 (78%) were visualized at least 1 year earlier by MRI than by CR. This illustrates that the information on joint destruction provided by CR is considerably delayed compared with that provided by MRI. A significantly increased risk of progression of @entity79 was observed, demonstrating a prognostic value of MRI with respect to long-term radiographic outcome.

title: New radiographic XXXX in the wrists of @entity1 with @entity309 are detectable with magnetic resonance imaging a median of two years earlier.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2996 :: ('MESH:C564543', 'Disease') :: ['MRI erosions']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['radiographic erosion in bones with baseline MRI erosions', 'bone erosions']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['wrist joint erosions']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone erosions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To find out the molecular mechanisms of togenesis, especially @entity601 ( @entity601 ) caused by @entity4854 and @entity61911 . METHODS: @entity19 were raised with a ratio of 2:1 between females and males. Forty-five pregnant female @entity19 were randomly divided into 5 groups: blank control group (without any treatment), high- @entity413 group (treated with subcutaneous injection of 25% @entity413 ), @entity413 -control group (n = 12, treated with subcutaneous injection of 5% @entity413 ), @entity61911 group (treated with gastric perfusion of @entity61911 ), and @entity61911 -control group (n = 11, treated with the solvent of @entity61911 ). The blood sugar was examined among the @entity19 of the first three groups on the 8th gestational day. All of the @entity19 were killed on the 15th gestational day and the embryos were taken. The existence of teras was observed. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of @entity6646 and of @entity11404 genes and immunohistochemistry was used to examine the @entity6646 and @entity11404 proteins in the embryos. RESULTS: The blood sugar of the pregnant @entity19 in the high- @entity413 group was 13.4 mmol/L +/- 0.8 mmol/L, significantly higher than those in the 2 control groups (4.9 mmol/L +/- 0.4 mmol/L and 4.8 mmol/L +/- 0.4 mmol/L respectively, both P < 0.01). The teras rate, absorbed embryo rate and still embryo rate in high- @entity413 group were significantly higher than those in the 2 control groups (all P < 0.01). The embryo weight of the high- @entity413 group was significantly lower. The expression of @entity6646 in the @entity4854 group was significantly lower than those in the 2 control groups (both P < 0.01), while the expression of @entity11404 in high- @entity413 group was significantly higher than those in the 2 control groups (both P < 0.01). In the @entity61911 group, the expression of @entity6646 was not significantly different from, and the expression of @entity11404 was significantly higher than those in the 2 control groups. CONCLUSION: @entity4854 is induced in nondiabetic pregnant @entity19 by subcutaneous @entity413 injection, and elevated @entity413 appears to be critical in the @entity6 . @entity1602 episodes disturb the essential embryonic control genes: decrease the expression of @entity6646 gene and increase the expression of @entity11404 gene, thus causing @entity154 . @entity61911 induces @entity601 by increasing the expression of @entity11404 .

title: [Expression of @entity6646 and XXXX in NTD embryos induced by @entity4854 ].

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital defects']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic embryopathy']

entities_list: @entity61911 :: ('CHEBI:39467', 'Chemical') :: ['thiadiazole', 'Thiadiazole']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['NTDs', 'neural tube defects']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'Hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity11404 :: (14611(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Cx43']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review of transpedicular instrumentation used in a series of 24 @entity1 with myelodysplastic @entity85 and @entity1417 . OBJECTIVE: To describe the usefulness and efficacy of these instruments in the treatment of complicated myelodysplastic @entity85 . METHODS: The mean preoperative @entity1635 was 75.7 degrees (range, 39-130 degrees) in the 22 @entity1 with @entity85 ; 4 @entity1 with thoracic hyperkyphoses averaged 70.5 degrees (range, 46-90 degrees) and 10 @entity1 with lumbar kyphoses averaged 80.5 degrees (range, 42-120 degrees). The instrumentation extended to the sacrum in 4 @entity1 and the pelvis in 9; 10 @entity1 also underwent anterior release and fusion and 7 underwent concomitant spinal cord detethering. At an average follow-up of 4.0 years (2.0-7.7 years; one @entity1 died at 8 months), all @entity1 have fused (with the exception of two @entity1516 ). RESULTS: At last follow-up, deformity measured 32.1 degrees @entity1635 (range, 6-85 degrees), 30.8 degrees @entity1513 (range, 24-35 degrees), and 0.0 degree lumbar @entity1513 (range, 35 degrees @entity1513 to 29 degrees @entity1515 ). Three @entity1 lost some neurologic function after surgery; two recovered within 6 months and one has incomplete recovery. No ambulatory @entity1 lost the ability to walk. Five @entity1 required additional surgical procedures; in three cases, there was instrumentation breakage associated with @entity1516 or unfused spinal segments. CONCLUSIONS: Pedicle screw instrumentation is uniquely suited to the @entity2590 . Compared with historical control subjects, these devices have proven capable of significant correction of both scoliotic and @entity85 . This instrumentation appears particularly useful in preserving @entity1515 in all @entity1 and may preserve @entity11535 in ambulatory @entity2590 @entity1 .

title: XXXX in @entity2590 . Correction with posterior pedicle screw instrumentation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic kyphosis', 'kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity1417 :: ('MESH:C565217', 'Disease') :: ['deficient posterior elements']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplasia', 'deficient myelodysplastic spine']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1515 :: ('MESH:D008141', 'Disease') :: ['lordosis', 'lumbar lordosis']

entities_list: @entity11535 :: ('MESH:D009041', 'Disease') :: ['more lumbar motion']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformities', 'spinal deformity', 'scoliotic deformities', 'kyphotic deformities']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['lumbosacral pseudarthroses', 'pseudarthrosis']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['Spinal deformity']


abstract: The catalytic core of photoreceptor-specific @entity6708 -phosphodiesterase (PDE) consists of two subunits, @entity39446 , that are homologous and have similar domain organization but are encoded by different genes. We have examined the @entity39446 mRNA steady-state and protein levels as well as the biosynthesis rate of these proteins in developing and fully differentiated retinas. We have also determined the translational efficiency of PDE subunits and the role of their mRNA structures in regulating protein synthesis. In mature retinas, @entity39446 are represented by approximately 1.5 x 108 and 7.5 x 108 copies/microg retinal mRNA, respectively. The levels of these transcripts in developing photoreceptors (P10) are approximately 75% of those at P30. Quantification of protein concentration indicated that @entity39446 are equally expressed in developing and fully differentiated photoreceptors. Furthermore, the @entity25667 /PDEbeta ratios obtained throughout a 2-h pulsechase period revealed a similar turnover rate for both subunits. The observed discordance between the mRNA and protein levels of @entity39446 suggested post-transcriptional regulation of their expression. We found that @entity25667 mRNA is translated more efficiently than either of the two PDEbeta transcripts expressed in retina. Therefore, the lower level of @entity25667 mRNA is compensated by its more efficient translation to achieve equimolar expression with PDEbeta. We also analyzed the effect of @entity39446 mRNA 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions as well as that of their coding regions on protein synthesis. We determined that the PDE-coding regions play a critical role in the differential translation of these subunits.

title: Differential expression of rod photoreceptor XXXX -phosphodiesterase alpha and beta subunits: mRNA and protein levels.

entities_list: @entity39446 :: ('5158', 'Gene') :: ['PDEalpha and PDEbeta']

answer: @entity6708 :: (CHEBI:16356,Chemical) :: ['cGMP']


abstract: Most standard hospital beds are flat based with a pull-out backrest, resulting in a tendency for the @entity1 to slide down the bed. This study aimed to compare the outcome for @entity1 at high risk of developing pressure ulcers nursed on either this type of bed or an electrically operated, multi-sectioned profiling bed. A total of 100 @entity1 were randomly assigned either to the profiling bed with a pressure-reducing foam mattress (experimental group) or a flat-based bed with an appropriate pressure-redistributing mattress (control group) for a maximum of 10 days. Risk status and pressure damage were assessed daily. Both a @entity1 and a nurse questionnaire were completed. Data from 70 @entity1 who participated in the study for five days or more were included in the analysis. Pressure @entity1066 incidence was 0% in both groups. All @entity1 (35) in the experimental group were able to maintain a sitting position compared with only 12/35 in the control group (p = 0.0001). While the questionnaire results suggest there were significant differences in postural control and ease of transfer between @entity1 in the two groups, it was not possible to map this to pressure @entity1066 formation. Poor recruitment into the study was due to the 'blocking' of electric beds by heavily dependent @entity1 who did not meet the inclusion criteria, precluding a significant result in terms of pressure @entity1066 outcomes. This nurse-led use of the profiling beds was examined alongside the main study to investigate why they were allocated in this way.

title: Profiling beds versus standard hospital beds: effects on pressure XXXX incidence outcomes.

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The study aimed to clarify associations between height loss, @entity604 and the quality of life (QOL) score among general inhabitants of Miyama, a rural Japanese community. This population-based epidemiological study was conducted in Miyama, a village located in a mountain area in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. METHODS: A list of all inhabitants comprising 1,543 inhabitants (716 @entity1 , 827 @entity1 ) born in this village between 1910-1949 was compiled. From the above whole cohort, a subcohort to measure @entity79 ( @entity79 ) was recruited, consisting of 400 @entity1 , divided into four groups of 50 @entity1 and 50 @entity1 each, and stratified into age decades by decade of birth-year (1910-1919, 1920-1929, 1930-1939 or 1940-1949). @entity79 measurement, physical measurements of height (cm) and body weight (kg) were taken, and body mass index (BMI; kg/m(2)) were calculated. @entity79 and anthropometric measurements were repeated on the same @entity1 at 3, 7 and 10 years after baseline measurement (1993, 1997 and 2000). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Among 299 of 400 @entity1 , changes in height over 10 years for @entity1 in their 40s, 50s, 60s and 70s were -0.7 cm, -0.5 cm, -1.2 cm and -1.5 cm, respectively, compared with -0.7 cm, -1.4 cm, -2.1 cm and -3.7 cm in @entity1 , respectively. No significant relationships between change in height and rate of change in @entity79 at the lumbar spine and femoral neck after adjustment for age in @entity1 (lumbar spine, beta = 0.058, standard error of the mean (SE) = 0.031, P = 0.501, R(2) = 0.038; femoral neck, beta = 0.100, SE = 0.038, P = 0.228, R(2) = 0.121) were identified. By contrast, among @entity1 , a significant positive association was identified between height change and change rate of @entity79 at the lumbar spine after adjusting for age (beta = 0.221, SE = 0.039, P = 0.012, R(2) = 0.069), while no significant relationship was found between height change and change rate at the femoral neck (beta = 0.107, SE = 0.039, P = 0.229, R(2) = 0.048). No significant relationship was noted between @entity174 (VFx) and height at baseline in @entity1 and @entity1 ( @entity1 : odds ratio (OR) 0.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.81-1.05, P = 0.24; @entity1 : OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.87-1.08, P = 0.58) or between VFx and height loss ( @entity1 : OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.00-1.71, P = 0.051; @entity1 : OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.94-1.53, P = 0.14). In both @entity1 and @entity1 , no significant relationship was identified between utility of the EuroQol EQ5D questionnaire and height at baseline ( @entity1 : beta = -0.148, SE = 0.003, P = 0.202, R(2) = 0.076; @entity1 : beta = 0.127, SE = 0.004, P = 0.235, R(2) = 0.048), and height change ( @entity1 : beta = -0.078, SE = 0.008, P = 0.452, R(2) = 0.065; @entity1 : beta = 0.053, SE = 0.010, P = 0.608, R(2) = 0.038).

title: Association between height loss and XXXX , cumulative incidence of @entity174 and future quality of life: the Miyama study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral fractures']

answer: @entity604 :: (MESH:D016301,Disease) :: ['bone loss']


abstract: AIM: Quantification of visual attention directed towards cleft stigmata and its impact on the perception of selected personality traits. METHODS: Forty observers were divided into two groups and their visual scan paths were recorded. Both groups observed a series of photographs displaying full frontal views of the faces of 18 adult @entity1 with clefts, nine with residual cleft stigmata and nine with digitally-corrected stigmata (each @entity1 only appeared once per series). @entity1 that appeared with residual stigmata in one series appeared digitally corrected in the other series and vice versa. Visual fixation times on the upper lip and nose were compared between the original and corrected photographs. Observers subsequently rated personality traits as perceived using visual analogue scales and the same photographs that they had observed in the series. RESULTS: In faces depicting cleft stigmata observers spent more time looking at the oronasal region of interest, followed by the eyes (39.6%; SD 5.0 and 35.1%; SD 3.6, respectively, p  =  0.0198). Observers spent more time looking at the @entity3384 compared with the corrected lip (21.2%; SD 4.0 and 16.7%; SD 5.0, respectively, p  =  0.006). The differences between questionnaire scores for faces with cleft stigmata compared with faces with corrected stigmata for withdrawn-sociable, discontent-content, lazy-assiduous, unimaginative-creative, unlikeable-likeable, and the sum of individual personality traits were not significant. CONCLUSION: According to these findings, @entity3384 and @entity2419 have an attention-drawing potential with the @entity3384 being the major attention drawing factor. These data do not provide supportive evidence for the notion reported in literature that @entity1 with clefts are perceived as having negative personality traits.

title: Eye tracker based study: Perception of faces with a XXXX and nose deformity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft nose']

answer: @entity3384 :: (MESH:D002971,Disease) :: ['cleft lip']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Plaque vulnerability, defined as the likelihood that a plaque would @entity397 , is difficult to quantify due to lack of in vivo @entity397 data. Morphological and stress-based plaque vulnerability indices were introduced as alternatives to obtain quantitative vulnerability assessment. Correlations between these indices and key plaque features were investigated. In vivo intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) data were acquired from 14 @entity1 and IVUS-based 3D fluid-structure interaction (FSI) coronary plaque models with cyclic bending were constructed to obtain plaque wall stress/strain and flow shear stress for analysis. For the 617 slices from the 14 @entity1 , lipid percentage, min cap thickness, @entity3124 ( @entity3124 ), strain (CPWSn) and flow shear stress (CFSS) were recorded, and cap index, lipid index and morphological index were assigned to each slice using methods consistent with American Heart Association (AHA) plaque classification schemes. A stress index was introduced based on @entity3124 . Linear Mixed-Effects (LME) models were used to analyze the correlations between the mechanical and morphological indices and key morphological factors associated with @entity397 . Our results indicated that for all 617 slices, @entity3124 correlated with min cap thickness, cap index, morphological index with r = -0.6414, 0.7852, and 0.7411 respectively (p<0.0001). The correlation between @entity3124 and lipid percentage, lipid index were weaker (r = 0.2445, r = 0.2338, p<0.0001). Stress index correlated with cap index, lipid index, morphological index positively with r = 0.8185, 0.3067, and 0.7715, respectively, all with p<0.0001. For all 617 slices, the stress index has 66.77% agreement with morphological index. Morphological and stress indices may serve as quantitative plaque vulnerability assessment supported by their strong correlations with morphological features associated with @entity397 . Differences between the two indices may lead to better plaque assessment schemes when both indices were jointly used with further validations from clinical studies.

title: Morphological and Stress Vulnerability Indices for XXXX Coronary Plaques and Their Correlations with Cap Thickness and Lipid Percent: An IVUS-Based Fluid-Structure Interaction Multi- @entity1 Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical plaque wall stress', 'CPWS']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture', 'plaque rupture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1118 is a common consequence of @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). No therapeutic drugs or drug groups are proven to be superior for @entity9 and treatments only aim to convert @entity158 from dull to tolerable levels and not to remove it. OBJECTIVE: This study was planned to compare the effect of @entity227 ( @entity227 ) and Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on @entity158 intensity, @entity158 quality and functional capacity in @entity1566 @entity1 with @entity9 . METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 were included and randomly categorized into two groups. In the first group (n=12), @entity227 was applied for first two weeks, 1 week wash out period and then TENS was applied for 2 weeks. In second group (n=12), TENS was applied firstly, 1 week wash out and then @entity227 were applied. @entity158 severity, @entity158 quality, and functional capacity were assessed with the visual analog scale (VAS), the @entity9 ( @entity9 ), and the Brief @entity158 Inventory (BPI), respectively. A pre-post-treatment and cross over design was used. RESULTS: Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used for within group analyses. Mann-Whitney U tests were used for analyses that compared different groups. It was observed that @entity158 intensity decrease immediately after both applications ( @entity227 : p=0.07, TENS: p=0.08). After TENS application for 2 weeks, it was observed that significant decrease in most (p=0.04) and less (p=0.02) @entity158 intensity; while there was no significant decrease in @entity158 intensity after 2 weeks for @entity227 (p> 0.05). When findings of @entity9 were analyzed, hot (p=0.047), sharp (p=0.02), unpleasant (p= 0.03) and deep items (p=0.047) decreased after @entity227 application. When the results of BPI were detected, they were observed that the negative effect of @entity158 on moving ability (p=0.04) after @entity227 application and the negative effect of @entity158 on mood (p=0.03), relationships with others (p=0.04) and sleep (p=0.04) after TENS application decreased significantly.CONCLUSION: TENS and @entity227 therapies can be successfully used in clinical practice as an alternative treatment or as a supportive method separetely or together.

title: Effects of @entity227 and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on @entity9 in @entity1 with XXXX : A randomised controlled cross-over trial.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['VI', 'visual illusion']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'neuropathic pain scale', 'NPS']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The pathophysiologic and potential therapeutic role of selectins in @entity8 ( @entity5721 ) is not fully understood, due in part to redundancy in the roles of individual selectins. We hypothesized that blockade of ligands for all three selectins using a novel small molecule ( @entity22423 ) would improve the course of renal @entity5721 by overcoming redundancy issues. This was investigated in a @entity35 model of renal @entity5721 . METHODS: @entity35 were treated with @entity22423 either during or post- @entity5721 . The effects of @entity22423 were investigated in two models of renal @entity5721 : moderate @entity5721 (30 minutes bilateral renal artery clamping) and severe @entity5721 (45 minutes clamping). The combination of anti-E- and anti-P-selectin antibodies also was investigated in @entity35 subjected to moderate @entity5721 . Renal function, histological injury and mortality were assessed. RESULTS: @entity35 treated with @entity22423 during moderate @entity5721 showed significantly reduced serum @entity1011 (SCr) and @entity4295 post- @entity63 compared to control animals. By contrast, delayed treatment (post- @entity5721 ) did not show a reduction in SCr. In @entity35 with severe @entity5721 , @entity22423 treatment during @entity5721 significantly reduced mortality at 48 hours post- @entity63 . @entity35 with moderate @entity5721 and treated with the combination of anti-E- and anti-P-selectin antibodies showed significantly reduced SCr compared to control @entity35 at 24 hours post- @entity63 . CONCLUSIONS: Small molecule selectin ligand inhibition provides a novel and effective approach to attenuate ischemic @entity810 . Timing of treatment is crucial to success.

title: Small molecule selectin ligand inhibition improves outcome in ischemic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal ischemia-reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['tubular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute renal failure']


abstract: While both short- and long-term @entity342 deprivation therapy (ADT) are effective for treating @entity263 , with the clinical benefits @entity1 can often have significant side-effects. It is important that these complications are recognized and managed appropriately so that adverse effects on the @entity1 's quality of life (QoL) are minimized. The incidence of @entity204 from @entity263 has decreased over the last decade, probably as a result of various factors including improved screening and diagnosis, improved treatments, and better risk assessment to help guide therapy. A meta-analysis of @entity263 trials comparing the use of early vs late hormonal therapy found that 10-year overall survival increased by up to 20% between 1990 and 2000, and this was attributed to the earlier use of @entity34 ( @entity34 ) in these @entity1 . Data from the USA Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urological Research Endeavor database also suggest a significant decrease in risk in the last two decades in the USA, with more @entity1 being identified with low-risk disease at diagnosis. In addition, there has been an increase in recent years in the use of @entity34 at all stages of @entity263 . The extensive use of ADT has raised concerns about potential adverse effects. ADT might be associated with a range of adverse effects that vary in their degree of morbidity and effect on the @entity1 's QoL. They include hot flashes, @entity170 , loss of libido or @entity323 , and psychological effects, e.g. @entity308 , memory difficulties or emotional lability. Effective strategies are available for managing the major side-effects of @entity34 , but to many @entity1 these unwanted effects are often less important than the benefits of treatment. An investigation of health-related QoL found that @entity1 with @entity263 receiving ADT had a poorer QoL than those not receiving ADT, but the difference was less pronounced after controlling for comorbidities. Many new therapies are currently under investigation which aim to maximize the clinical effects of ADT while reducing the adverse effects.

title: Contemporary use of hormonal therapy in XXXX : managing complications and addressing quality-of-life issues.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['impotence']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['hormone therapy', 'HT']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Progenitor cells in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle and in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus can proliferate throughout the life of the animal. To examine the proliferation and fate of progenitor cells in the subventricular zone and dentate gyrus after focal @entity2806 , we measured the temporal and spatial profiles of proliferation of cells and the phenotypic fate of proliferating cells in @entity63 brain in a model of @entity2500 in the adult @entity35 . Proliferating cells were labeled by injection of @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) in a pulse or a cumulative protocol. To determine the temporal profile of proliferating cells, @entity63 @entity35 were injected with @entity1603 every 4 h for 12 h on the day preceding @entity204 . @entity35 were killed 2-14 days after @entity63 . We observed significant increases in numbers of proliferating cells in the ipsilateral cortex and subventricular zone 2-14 days with a peak at 7 days after @entity63 compared with the control group. To maximize labeling of proliferating cells, a single daily injection of @entity1603 was administered over a 14-day period starting the day after @entity63 . @entity35 were killed either 2 h or 28 days after the last injection of @entity1603 . A significant increase in numbers of @entity1603 immunoreactive cells in the subventricular zone was coincident with a significant increase in numbers of @entity1603 immunoreactive cells in the olfactory bulb 14 days after @entity63 and numbers of @entity1603 immunoreactive cells did not significantly increase in the dentate gyrus. However, 28 days after the last labeling, the number of @entity1603 labeled cells decreased by 90% compared with number at 14 days. Clusters of @entity1603 labeled cells were present in the cortex distal to the @entity1188 . Numerous cells immunostained for the polysialylated form of the neuronal cell adhesion molecule were detected in the ipsilateral subventricular zone. Only 6% of @entity1603 labeled cells exhibited glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity in the cortex and subcortex and no @entity1603 labeled cells expressed neuronal protein markers (neural nuclear protein and @entity19744 ). From these data we suggest that focal @entity2806 induces transient and regional specific increases in cell proliferation in the ipsilateral hemisphere and that proliferating progenitor cells may exist in the adult cortex.

title: Proliferation and differentiation of progenitor cells in the cortex and the subventricular zone in the adult @entity35 after focal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', 'bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity19744 :: ('25595(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['microtubule associated protein-2']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: Although @entity1295 is common among @entity15 ( @entity15 ) @entity1 , evaluation of this symptom is difficult due to the subjectivity and variability of the complaint. We proposed the Fatigue Descriptive Scale (FDS) as a tool to evaluate the severity and @entity1295 in a group of @entity1 suffering from @entity15 . As a way to demonstrate the usefulness of this scale we applied the FDS in a group of 155 @entity1 (105 @entity1 and 50 @entity1 ) with clinically-definite @entity15 , as outlined according to Poser's criteria. Age was 36.2 +/- 11.1 years (range 12-62) and time of evolution was 8.3 +/- 9.4 years (range 1-44). The @entity3777 ( @entity3777 ) was also used. Descriptive statistics techniques and techniques for nonparametric distribution (Spearman Rank, Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA) were used. One hundred and eighteen @entity1 reported @entity1295 (73 spontaneously, 45 when questioned). All descriptions of @entity1295 were ranked according to FDS categories. Eighty-five @entity1 defined the symptom as @entity1295 with exercise, 26 as asthenia and seven as the worsening of other symptoms. Fatigue by itself produced limited or disrupted activity in 78 @entity1 ; work-related functions were limited in 48 @entity1 ; social relations were limited in 29 @entity1 ; and self-care difficult for one @entity1 . Fifty-six @entity1 suffered @entity1295 daily. FDS score was 4.9 +/- 3.9 (range 0-13). @entity3777 was 3.1 +/- 1.7 (range 0.2-6.6). FDS and @entity3777 of Krupp were highly correlated (R = 0.87, p < 0.001). Therefore, in comparison with other scales, the FDS shows remarkable usefulness in classifying, periodicity, and severity of @entity1295 in @entity15 @entity1 . The high correlation with the @entity3777 implies that it is a valid method to measure the severity of @entity1295 , as was demonstrated in our paper proposing the FDS. The importance of this new scale is its ability to inform the clinicians in a very quick, easy, and at the same time complete way, how severe the @entity1295 really is and how it affects the @entity1 .

title: The Fatigue Descriptive Scale (FDS): a useful tool to evaluate XXXX in @entity15 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3777 :: ('MESH:D005222', 'Disease') :: ['Fatigue Severity Scale', 'FSS']

entities_list: @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ['quality of fatigue', 'fatigue']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity1295 :: (MESH:D005221,Disease) :: ['fatigue']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Traumatic @entity3031 have been managed historically by means of either delayed reconstruction or non-operative methods. More recently, there has been a trend towards early reconstruction. There is no clear consensus in the literature as to how such @entity1 should be managed and in what time frame. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to establish the long-term outcome of @entity1 who underwent acute surgical management of their traumatic knee dislocation. METHODS: Thirty-six @entity1 with @entity3331 were treated by multi-ligament reconstruction. All surgical interventions occurred within 21days of presentation. The collateral ligament complexes were primarily repaired where possible and reconstructions were performed with either autograft, allograft or the ligament augmentation and reconstruction system (LARS) synthetic graft. RESULTS: The mean time to surgery was 12days (1 to 21) with a mean follow-up of 10.1years (7 to 19). The International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) assessment demonstrates that 56% of @entity1 went on to have "nearly normal" knee function and the average Tegner-Lysholm score of 80 (57 to 91), is consistent with good function. The Knee Outcome score (KOS) was 84% for Activities of Daily Living and 74% for Sports. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates a high level of overall knee function following the acute surgical reconstruction of @entity3331 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 2B: Cohort Study with Outcome Measures.

title: Acute surgical management of XXXX - Average follow-up of 10years.

entities_list: @entity3031 :: ('MESH:D031221', 'Disease') :: ['knee dislocations']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3331 :: ('MESH:D007718', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic knee dislocations']

answer: @entity3331 :: (MESH:D007718,Disease) :: ['traumatic knee dislocations']


abstract: @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) concentration of rabbit serum and leukocytes was followed during the course of an @entity697 with @entity328 . Control values were obtained prior to @entity281 , and again 4, 24, and 48 hr later. LDH isozymes were characterized by @entity3323 gel electrophoresis and quantitated by densitometry. An increase in serum LDH was observed as early as 4 hr after @entity281 . These levels returned to normal in 24 hr and rose again 48 hr after @entity281 . The LDH level of leukocytes, from 10 of 12 infected @entity95 , rose rapidly during the 24-hr period after exposure. The levels were two to three times the original preinoculation level for that animal. In six of these @entity95 , this LDH elevation occurred 4 hr after inoculation and preceded the onset of @entity221 . Change in the type of leukocyte did not account for the increase in cellular LDH. All infected @entity95 showed approximately the same increase in polymorphonuclear leukocytes, but not all developed comparable increases in LDH. The isozyme patterns obtained, when defined amounts of enzyme were applied to the gel for electrophoresis, were characterized for the most part by a three-enzyme pattern. Increasing amounts of enzyme occasionally revealed a fourth, more cathodal, enzyme. The more cathodic enzymes appear to be the most responsive when sudden shifts in enzyme concentration occur within the cell.

title: Leukocyte @entity880 dehydrogenase changes as an indicator of XXXX prior to overt symptoms.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infection']

entities_list: @entity3323 :: ('MESH:D020106', 'Chemical') :: ['acrylamide']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Diplococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The static magnetic field generated by MRI systems is highly non-homogenous and rapidly decreases when moving away from the bore of the scanner. Consequently, the movement around the MRI scanner is equivalent to an exposure to a time-varying magnetic field at very low frequency (few Hz). For @entity1 with an implanted cardiac stimulators, such as an @entity737 ( @entity737 ), the movements inside the MRI environment may thus induce voltages on the loop formed by the leads of the device, with the potential to affect the behavior of the stimulator. In particular, the @entity737 's detection algorithms may be affected by the induced voltage and may cause inappropriate sensing, @entity943 detections, and eventually inappropriate @entity737 therapy.We performed in-vitro measurements on a saline-filled humanshaped phantom (male, 170 cm height), equipped with an MRconditional @entity737 able to transmit in real-time the detected cardiac activity (electrograms). A biventricular implant was reproduced and the @entity737 was programmed in standard operating conditions, but with the shock delivery disabled. The electrograms recorded in the atrial, left and right ventricle channels were monitored during rotational movements along the vertical @entity2270 , in close proximity of the bore. The phantom was also equipped with an accelerometer and a magnetic field probe to measure the angular velocity and the magnetic field variation during the experiment. Pacing inhibition, inappropriate detection of @entity591 and of @entity2224 were observed. Pacing inhibition began at an angular velocity of about 7 rad/s, (dB/dt of about 2 T/s). Inappropriate detection of @entity2224 occurred at about 8 rad/s (dB/dt of about 3 T/s). These findings highlight the need for a specific risk assessment of workers with @entity558 , which takes into account also effects that are generally not considered relevant for @entity1 , such as the movement around the scanner bore.

title: Wrong detection of XXXX in an implantable cardioverter defibrillator caused by the movement near the MRI scanner bore.

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['MR-conditional ICDs']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter/defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity2224 :: (MESH:D014693,Disease) :: ['ventricular fibrillation']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5599 ( @entity5599 ) is characterized by the triad of @entity4239 , @entity28334 , and @entity1224 . It is commonly associated with the @entity2419 . @entity1 with @entity5599 commonly have @entity387 ( @entity387 ); including @entity27 ( @entity27 ) as well as central @entity387 that are present from infancy. AIM OF THE STUDY: Evaluate the prevalence and severity of @entity387 in @entity1 with @entity5599 using polysomnography (PSG). SETTINGS AND DESIGN: We retrospectively reviewed the sleep laboratory database at The Hospital for Sick @entity1 , Toronto, during the period of May 2007 to March 2016. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Comparisons of PSG data were made between the @entity27 and non- @entity27 group using the Student's t-test for age and body mass index, Wilcoxon signed ranks test for the continuous PSG data and Chi-squared test for the categorical variables. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity5599 were identified and their initial PSG was selected for this study. The main indication for referral was ongoing concerns regarding @entity27 symptoms. RESULTS: A total of 46 @entity1 (28 females) were included with a mean age (  standard deviation) of 0.8 (  0.3) year. Twenty-two out of 46 (47%) had evidence of @entity27 of which 10 had mild, 3 had moderate, and 9 had severe @entity27 . The @entity5599 @entity1 with @entity27 were younger than the non- @entity27 group. Significant correlations were found between desaturation and arousal indices with obstructive @entity27 index. CONCLUSION: This retrospective chart review confirms a high prevalence of @entity27 in this population. Prospective longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the outcomes of @entity27 in @entity5599 population.

title: Polysomnographic findings in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Children', 'infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity28334 :: ('MESH:D065710', 'Disease') :: ['glossoptosis']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep-disordered breathing', 'sleep breathing abnormalities', 'SDB']

entities_list: @entity4239 :: ('MESH:D008844', 'Disease') :: ['micrognathia']

entities_list: @entity5599 :: ('MESH:D010855', 'Disease') :: ['PRS', 'Pierre Robin sequence']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea', 'obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['secondary cleft palate']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['upper airway obstruction']

answer: @entity5599 :: (MESH:D010855,Disease) :: ['Pierre Robin sequence']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Accumulating evidence suggests an association between @entity1 pretreatment expectations and numerous health outcomes. However, it remains unclear if and how expectations relate to outcomes following treatments in @entity158 programs. The present study aims at investigating the predictive association between expectations and clinical outcomes in a large database of @entity1118 @entity1 . In this observational cohort study, @entity1 were 2272 @entity1 treated in one of three university-affiliated @entity158 treatment centers. All @entity1 received personalized care including medical, psychological and/or physical interventions. @entity1 expectations regarding @entity158 relief and improvements in quality of life and functioning were measured prior to the first visit to the @entity158 centers and served as predictor variables. Changes in @entity158 intensity, depressive symptoms, @entity158 interference and tendency to catastrophize, as well as satisfaction with @entity158 treatment and global impressions of change at 6-month follow-up were considered as treatment outcomes. Structural equation modeling analyses showed significant positive relationships between expectations and most clinical outcomes, and this association was largely mediated by @entity1 ' global impressions of change. Similar patterns of relationships between variables were also observed in various subgroups of @entity1 based on sex, age, @entity158 duration, and @entity158 classification. Such results emphasize the relevance of @entity1 expectations as a determinant of outcomes in multimodal @entity158 treatment programs. Further, the results suggest that superior clinical outcomes are observed in individuals who expect high positive outcomes as a result of treatment.

title: Expectations Predict XXXX Treatment Outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'multidisciplinary pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['Chronic Pain']


abstract: The objective of this study was to determine if the addition of @entity6303 (MA), a modulator of @entity1262 -mediated drug resistance, to first-line cytotoxic therapy in @entity1 with limited and advanced stage @entity151 ( @entity151 ) would improve median time to disease progression and median overall survival. Secondary outcomes evaluated were response rates and @entity1 symptom profile. Between 1992 and 1995, 130 eligible @entity1 were randomized in a double-blind fashion to receive standard first-line therapy consisting of alternating courses of @entity786 / @entity632 / @entity1891 and @entity2879 / @entity900 (and thoracic radiotherapy for limited stage @entity1 ), along with either placebo or MA 160 mg t.i.d. for 8 days commencing 3 days before initiation of each cycle of chemotherapy. Treatment was continued for a maximum of six cycles. A total of 130 eligible @entity1 were randomized, 65 to each arm. Fifty-two per cent of @entity1 had limited disease and 48% had advanced disease. The median time to disease progression in limited stage disease was 46 weeks in the placebo arm and 43 weeks in the MA arm (P = 0.71) and in advanced stage disease was 28 weeks in the placebo arm and 27 weeks in the MA arm (P = 0.92). The median overall survival in limited stage disease was 75 weeks in the placebo arm and 75 weeks in the MA arm (P = 0.56) and in advanced stage disease was 41 weeks in the placebo arm and 39 weeks in the MA arm (P = 0.96). There was no consistent statistical difference in response rates or @entity1 symptom profiles between the two treatment arms. The addition of MA, in the dose and schedule used, to standard first-line cytotoxic therapy in @entity151 did not result in a significant improvement in response rates, symptom profile, median time to disease progression or overall survival.

title: Results of a phase III, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of XXXX modulation of @entity1262 -mediated drug resistance in the first-line management of @entity151 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity6303 :: ('MESH:D019290', 'Chemical') :: ['megestrol acetate']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity6303 :: (MESH:D019290,Chemical) :: ['megestrol acetate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity296 is a frequent event during @entity326 and may mimic a @entity1455 state with @entity998 . Nevertheless, data are scarce regarding the myocardial effects of vasopressors used to treat @entity551 . In this study, the authors compared the effects of three commonly used vasopressors acting on different adrenergic receptors on myocardial function in a rodent model of @entity326 , as explored with conductance catheter and positron emission tomography. METHODS: @entity326 was induced in @entity35 by @entity298 . Eighteen hours after septic insult, vasopressors were titrated to increase mean arterial pressure by 20% compared with baseline values. RESULTS: We observed that @entity298 was associated with arterial @entity551 and @entity409 . @entity1063 and @entity1425 improved mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, and preload recruitable @entity64 work, a load-independent measure of systolic function, as well as diastolic function and ventriculoarterial coupling. Heart rate, myocardial @entity26 consumption, and @entity943 incidence were furthermore increased in the @entity1425 group. Conversely, @entity2647 , a peripheral a-agonist, exhibited deleterious effects on systolodiastolic function and ventriculoarterial coupling. Conductance catheter and positron emission tomography yielded identical results with regard to myocardial function evolution under vasopressor treatment. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2647 , a drug without b-1 effects, was associated with decreased ventricular performance and ventriculoarterial uncoupling, whereas @entity1425 and @entity1063 improved global hemodynamics and myocardial function in severely @entity5048 and @entity551 experimental @entity326 . Nevertheless, @entity1425 was associated with increased myocardial @entity26 consumption. Thus, @entity1063 appears to be a more reliable and safer strategy as a first-line therapy in this particular setting.

title: Comparison of equipressor doses of XXXX , @entity1425 , and @entity2647 on septic @entity296 .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial depression']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['decreased cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock', 'Septic shock']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['systolodiastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity5048 :: ('MESH:C536231', 'Disease') :: ['hypokinetic']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['Phenylephrine', 'phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Norepinephrine', 'norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['norepinephrine']


abstract: Apoptosis is mainly brought about by the activation of caspases, a protease family with unique substrate selectivity. In mammals, different complexes like the DISC complex or the apoptosome complexes have been delineated leading to the cleavage and thus activation of the executioner caspases. Although @entity185 is the main executioner caspase in apoptosis induced by serum starvation in AKR-2B fibroblasts as demonstrated by affinity labeling with YVK(-bio)D.aomk and partial purification of cytosolic extracts by high performance ion exchange chromatography, its activation is apparently caused by a noncanonical pathway: (1) Expression of CrmA, an inhibitor of @entity4699 , failed to suppress apoptosis; (2) There was no formation of high molecular weight complexes of @entity49302 indicative for its activation. Furthermore no cleavage of @entity7349 was observed. But surprisingly, gelfiltration experiments revealed the distribution of @entity69566 into differently sized high molecular weight complexes during apoptosis. Though the apparent molecular weights of the complexes containing @entity185 (600 kD for apoptosome and 250 kD for microapoptosome) are in accordance with recently published data, the activity profiles differ strikingly. In AKR-2B cells @entity185 is mainly recovered as uncomplexed enzyme and in much lower levels in the apoptosomes. Remarkably, the 600 kD and 250 kD complexes containing activated @entity185 were devoid of @entity49302 and cytochrome c. In addition a new 450 kD complex containing activated @entity43489 was found that is clearly separated from the @entity185 containing complexes. Furthermore, we disclose for the first time the activation of @entity35123 in response to serum starvation. Activated @entity35123 is detectable as non-complexed free enzyme in the cytosol.

title: Formation of noncanonical high molecular weight XXXX complexes and activation of @entity35123 during serum starvation induced apoptosis in AKR-2B mouse fibroblasts.

answer: @entity69566 :: (12367;12368,Gene) :: ['caspase-3 and -6']