abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Correlation between compressed spinal cords on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electrophysiological findings in cervical spondylotic @entity602 @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To clarify the correlation between spinal-cord-evoked potentials and MRI measurements of compressed spinal cords in @entity1 with cervical spondylotic @entity602 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Compression of the spinal cord does not always cause clinical symptoms and it is difficult to infer the degree of dysfunction of the spinal cord from MRI findings. METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 with cervical spondylotic @entity602 were examined with MRI and spinal-cord-evoked potentials before surgery. Using abnormality in spinal-cord-evoked potentials as indicators of spinal cord morphology, spinal-cord transverse area and compression ratios (central and 1/4-lateral) were measured on T1-weighted axial imaging. The correlations between these dimensions and electrophysiological findings were investigated. RESULTS: The mean preoperative transverse area of the spinal cord was 47.13 mm2. The mean preoperative central compression ratio of the spinal cord was 34.4%. The mean preoperative 1/4-lateral compression ratio of the spinal cord was 27.5%. A correlation (Spearman r=0.65, P < 0.01) was observed between the 1/4-lateral compression ratio of the spinal cord and the amplitude ratio of spinal-cord-evoked potentials after electric stimulation of the brain (Br(E)-SCEPs). CONCLUSIONS: The preoperative 1/4-lateral compression ratio of the spinal cord was found to reflect the degree of dysfunction of the corticospinal tracts.

title: A correlation between magnetic resonance imaging and electrophysiological findings in cervical spondylotic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['myelopathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity12464 ( @entity12464 ) are an infrequent cause of @entity1353 in oncological @entity1 . The majority are di-agnosed in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 , above all localized in the breast, lung or stomach. There are few published cases involving @entity1 with @entity5 . We present the case of a 69 year-old male, without a previous diagnosis of @entity5 , who was admitted due to subacute @entity1353 , with clinical suspicion of @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ). The @entity1 died on the fifth day of admission. The autopsy confirmed the existence of a @entity5 in the left renal pelvis with hepatic and lymphoganglionary metastasis and an extensive @entity1151 that affected a large part of the capillaries and medium-caliber blood vessels of both lungs. @entity12464 were considered responsible for the progressive @entity1576 and as the final cause of @entity204 . The most frequent clinical presentation of @entity12464 is @entity1353 . They are often mistaken for @entity1151 and diagnosis is not easy. Their prognosis is very bad, with extremely high mortality and confirmation is usually post-mortem.

title: [Microvascular @entity12464 in a XXXX with @entity5 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'urothelial tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity12464 :: ('MESH:D009360', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary tumor embolisms', 'PTE']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PT', 'microvascular pulmonary embolism', 'pulmonary thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: The oxidative stress-inducible @entity1434 / @entity2227 exchange system, system x (c) (-) , transports one molecule of @entity1434 , the oxidized form of @entity462 , into cells and thereby releases one molecule of @entity2227 into the extracellular space. It consists of two protein components, the @entity38770 , necessary for membrane location of the heterodimer, and the @entity9325 protein, responsible for transport activity. Previously, system x (c) (-) has been regarded to be a mere supplier of @entity462 to cells for the synthesis of proteins and the antioxidant @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ). In that sense, @entity26 , electrophilic agents, and bacterial lipopolysaccharide trigger @entity9325 expression to accommodate with increased oxidative stress by stimulating @entity2197 biosynthesis. However, emerging evidence established that system x (c) (-) may act on its own as a @entity2197 -independent redox system by sustaining a redox cycle over the plasma membrane. Hallmarks of this cycle are @entity1434 uptake, intracellular reduction to @entity462 and secretion of the surplus of @entity462 into the extracellular space. Consequently, increased levels of extracellular @entity462 provide a reducing microenvironment required for proper cell signaling and communication, e.g. as already shown for the mechanism of T cell activation. By contrast, the enhanced release of @entity2227 in exchange with @entity1434 may trigger neurodegeneration due to @entity2227 -induced cytotoxic processes. This review aims to provide a comprehensive picture from the early days of system x (c) (-) research up to now.

title: The oxidative stress-inducible @entity1434 / @entity2227 antiporter, system x (c) (-) : XXXX supplier and beyond.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

answer: @entity1434 :: (MESH:D003553,Chemical) :: ['cystine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Nasogastric intubation has been shown to be a painful procedure for @entity1 . Previous studies have demonstrated the benefit of topical nasal anesthesia in decreasing the @entity158 of this procedure. This study attempts to identify which of 3 topical anesthetic modalities would be preferred by @entity1 . METHODS: This study had a double-blind, double-dummy randomized triple crossover design with 30 healthy volunteers as @entity1 . Each @entity1 had 3 nasogastric tubes inserted and acted as his or her own control for the 3 study medications: 1.5 mL 4% atomized @entity3303 , 1.5 mL 4% atomized @entity2072 , and 5 mL 2% @entity3303 gel. @entity1 scored @entity158 of tube passage through the nostril as well as global discomfort. They were also asked to identify which agent they preferred. RESULTS: In our 30 subjects, although no statistically significant difference in nasal @entity158 scores was found, "global discomfort" was less with the @entity3303 gel (P =.017). @entity1 preferred the @entity3303 gel over atomized @entity2072 (P <.00), but not to a statistically significant degree. DISCUSSION: Two percent @entity3303 gel appeared to provide the best option for a topical anesthetic during nasogastric tube insertion.

title: What is the best topical anesthetic for nasogastric insertion? A comparison of @entity3303 gel, @entity3303 spray, and atomized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

answer: @entity2072 :: (MESH:D003042,Chemical) :: ['cocaine']


abstract: Aim: Thyroid nodules represent a common clinical issue. Amongst other minimally invasive procedures, percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) poses a promising new approach. The goal of this retrospective study is to find out if there is a correlation between @entity353 after 3 months and 99mTc-uptake reduction of treated thyroid nodules. @entity1 , methods: 14 @entity1 with 18 nodules were treated with MWA. Pre-ablative assessment included sonographical and functional imaging of the thyroid with 99mTc-pertechnetate and 99mTc-MIBI. Additionally, @entity1 underwent thyroid scintigraphy 24 hours after ablation in order to evaluate the impact of the treatment on a functional level and to ensure sufficient ablation of the targeted area. At a 3-month follow-up, ultrasound examination was performed to assess nodular @entity353 . Results: Mean relative nodular @entity353 after three months was 55.4    17.9% (p < 0.05). 99mTc-uptake 24 hours after treatment was 45.2    31.9% (99mTc-MIBI) and 35.7    20.3% (99mTc-pertechnetate) lower than prior to ablation (p < 0.05). Correlating reduction of volume and 99mTc-uptake, Pearson's r was 0.41 (p < 0.05) for nodules imaged with 99mTc-MIBI and -0.98 (p < 0.05) for 99mTc-pertechnetate. According to scintigraphy 99.6    22.6% of the determined target area could be successfully ablated. Conclusions: MWA can be considered as an efficient, low-risk and convenient new approach to the treatment of benign thyroid nodules. Furthermore, scintigraphy seems to serve as a potential prognostic tool for the later morphological outcome, allowing rapid evaluation of the targeted area in post-ablative examination.

title: Percutaneous microwave ablation of benign thyroid nodules. Functional imaging in comparison to nodular XXXX at a 3-month follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['volume reduction']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['volume reduction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antipsychotic medications are increasingly used during pregnancy. Nevertheless, fetal risks are still not fully studied. It is currently unclear whether the antipsychotic treatment might induce a higher risk of @entity5617 . We aimed to determine if use of antipsychotic medication during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of @entity2208 or @entity2209 . METHODS: In a historical cohort study, we identified all clinically recognized pregnancies registered in the nationwide Danish registries from 1997 to 2008 (N = 1,005,319). Exposure was defined as any prescription of antipsychotic medications redeemed by the pregnant @entity1 during the exposure window, and recorded in the Danish National Prescription Register. Outcome was defined as any @entity2208 or @entity2209 recorded in the Danish National Hospital Register and the Danish Medical Birth Register respectively. RESULTS: @entity1 exposed to antipsychotic medications during pregnancy had a 34% higher risk of @entity2208 (adjusted relative risk = 1.34; 95% confidence interval = 1.22; 1.46) compared to unexposed @entity1 , but a similar risk compared to @entity1 exposed prior to (but not during) pregnancy (adjusted relative risk = 1.04; 95% confidence interval = 0.93; 1.17). The risk of @entity2208 was not increased in exposed pregnancies when compared to unexposed pregnancies in the same @entity1 (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.11; 95% CI = 0.94; 1.31). A twofold higher risk of @entity2209 was found in @entity1 exposed to antipsychotic medications compared with unexposed @entity1 (relative risk = 2.27; 95% confidence interval = 1.45; 3.55) and compared with @entity1 exposed only prior to pregnancy (relative risk = 2.06; 95% confidence interval = 1.01; 4.19). CONCLUSIONS: The increased risk of @entity2208 found in @entity1 treated with antipsychotic medications during pregnancy is most likely due to confounding factors. The risk of @entity2209 was twofold higher in pregnancies exposed to antipsychotic medication during pregnancy. Treatment with antipsychotic medications during pregnancy requires careful consideration.

title: Risk of XXXX after Treatment with Antipsychotic Medications during Pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['stillbirth']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortion']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['fetal death']

answer: @entity5617 :: (MESH:D005313,Disease) :: ['Fetal Death']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the anatomic and visual outcomes and complications of temporary silicone oil (SO) retinal tamponade in @entity1 with complex rhegmatogenous @entity1713 ( @entity1713 ). METHODS: The retrospective study included 100 eyes of 93 consecutive @entity1 . Indications for the use of SO were @entity1715 ( @entity1715 ) (30 eyes), difficult @entity1713 (30 eyes), giant retinal tears (17 eyes), @entity1713 after penetrating @entity130 (14 eyes), and macular holes in highly myopic eyes (9 eyes). Vitrectomy surgery was performed with 5000-centistoke SO as the retinal tamponade. All eyes underwent prophylactic 360 degree retinopexy at the time of the retinal reattachment operation. The mean duration of SO tamponade was 26.4 weeks, with a mean follow-up of 67.5 weeks after removal of SO. RESULTS: . In 6 of 100 eyes (6%), the retina redetached after removal of SO. Including the successfully reoperated eyes, the final anatomic success rate was 96%. Other complications were @entity231 (61%), @entity2790 (13%), @entity8814 (4%), @entity2372 (4%), intravitreal @entity548 (1%), and @entity548 (1%). Correspondence analysis demonstrated that redetachment and @entity8814 were associated with @entity1715 and @entity130 . Overall, good visual outcome (20/200 or better) was achieved in 51% of the whole study group, and in 70.6% of eyes with giant tears, 62.1% of eyes with difficult @entity1713 , 44.8% of eyes with @entity1715 , 33.3% of eyes with macular holes, and 28.6% of eyes with @entity130 (p=0.0382). Logistic regression analysis identified initial visual acuity of 20/200 or better as a factor associated with good visual outcome and occurrence of @entity2479 and old age ( > or = 50 years) as factors negatively associated with good visual outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The low redetachment rate might be due to prophylactic 360 degree retinopexy. Giant tears had the best visual outcome. Redetachment/ @entity8814 had a negative impact on achievement of good visual outcome and were associated with @entity1715 and @entity130 .

title: Outcome of temporary silicone oil tamponade in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1715 :: ('MESH:D018630', 'Disease') :: ['PVR', 'proliferative vitreoretinopathy']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity2372 :: ('MESH:C562399', 'Disease') :: ['keratopathy']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['RD', 'retinal detachments']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'suprachoroidal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal redetachment/hypotony']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['increased intraocular pressure']

answer: @entity1713 :: (MESH:D012163,Disease) :: ['complex rhegmatogenous retinal detachment']


abstract: One hundred consecutive female @entity1 with active @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) were studied from the cardiovascular point of view by means of non invasive methods. Seventy percent of the cases presented some type of @entity854 . Seventy four percent of the resting electrocardiograms were abnormal as well as 72% of the M mode echocardiograms and 55% of the cardiac X ray series. The most frequent observed complications were: @entity2396 and or pericardial effusion (39%), arterial @entity101 (22%), @entity741 (16%), @entity2401 (14%), @entity712 (10%), @entity120 (9%), @entity340 (9%), @entity1143 (7%) and cerebro vascular accident (3%). We analyzed each one of these complications and found of special interest the high incidence of @entity741 which is more frequent than has been hitherto reported. @entity741 was observed in two types of @entity1 : a) Those with long term @entity134 therapy. In these, the mechanism seems to be an @entity731 probably induced by the chronic use of @entity230 . The management of these cases do not differ from other types of @entity301 due to @entity731 . b) Those with frank episodes of @entity1333 in whom the basic mechanism is an inflammatory process of the coronary arteries and its treatment is fundamentally that of the @entity1333 . We consider necessary to study routinely all @entity1 with @entity1252 through non invasive cardiological methods.

title: Cardiovascular manifestations in @entity1252 . Prospective study of 100 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular anomaly']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic heart disease', 'ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic disease']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intramucosal @entity356 ,  <=3  cm ( <=30 mm) with @entity1066 , and mixed histology (predominantly differentiated), was previously considered curative after endoscopic resection, and additional surgery was thought to be unnecessary. However, as the evidence base for these criteria remains insufficient, the Japanese @entity356 Treatment Guidelines, ver. 3 (2010) specify that this pathology should be considered noncurative and recommend additional surgery. We report the frequency of lymph node @entity3 in @entity1 with these conditions based on a multicenter study. METHODS: Of @entity1 with early @entity356 who underwent gastrectomy with lymph node dissection, those with a mixed, predominantly differentiated @entity5 type, @entity1066 , a @entity5 diameter  <=3  cm, and no lymphovascular invasion were entered into this study. RESULTS: Four hundred and seven @entity1 met the criteria, 21 of whom were excluded owing to a lack of available information. Thus, a total of 386 @entity1 were included in the analysis, from 37 of the 42 member institutions. The mean study duration was 125  months. The most common combination of mixed histology was tub2  +  @entity13324 (67  %). None of the 386 @entity1 had lymph node @entity3 (95  % confidence interval, 0-0.8  %). CONCLUSION: The results of this retrospective study indicate that the risk of lymph node @entity3 was less than 1  % among @entity1 with the criteria defined here, considered to be criteria for noncurative resection as per the current guidelines, and suggest that observation alone without additional surgery may result in a good outcome.

title: Incidence of lymph node @entity3 in intramucosal XXXX measuring 30  mm or less, with @entity1066 ; mixed, predominantly differentiated-type histology; and no lymphovascular invasion: a multicenter retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'Gastric Cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Individuals with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) have a higher risk to develop @entity712 . Clinical guidelines emphasize the importance of early diagnosis of @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) and preventive interventions in these @entity1 . In this study we assessed the prevalence of @entity1002 , systolic or diastolic, in @entity6 @entity1 without known @entity299 recruited in the 'left @entity67 in @entity6 (DYDA)' study. DESIGN AND METHODS: We performed clinical, ECG, laboratory, and echocardiographic exams in 960 @entity1 (61    8 years, 59% @entity101 ) recruited in the DYDA study from 37 Italian @entity6 referral centres. ECG and echo exams were read in central facilities. Systolic @entity1002 was defined as ejection fraction  <= 50% or midwall shortening ( @entity1614 )  <= 15%. Diastolic @entity1002 was identified when transmitral E/A was out of the range of 0.75-1.5 or deceleration time of mitral E wave  <= 140 msec. RESULTS: Echocardiographic data were obtained in 751 @entity1 (78.2%). Isolated systolic @entity1002 was detected in 22.0% of @entity1 , isolated diastolic @entity1002 in 21.5%, and combined systolic and diastolic @entity1002 in 12.7%. All @entity1 with systolic @entity1002 had @entity1614  <= 15%, while only 9% had an ejection fraction  <= 50%. Higher LV mass, relative wall thickness, prevalence of concentric geometry, and @entity1184 characterized the @entity1 with @entity1002 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1002 is present in more than half of @entity6 @entity1 without clinically detectable @entity299 and is associated with @entity1184 and concentric LV geometry. One-third of @entity1 exhibits systolic @entity1002 detectable at the midwall level.

title: Analysis of midwall shortening reveals high prevalence of left ventricular myocardial dysfunction in XXXX with @entity6 : the DYDA study.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus', 'DiAbetes']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['LV hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular DYsfunction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LVD', 'left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A 26-year-old @entity1 underwent bypass surgery for biiliac @entity439 of unknown origin. The aorta was cross clamped below the renal arteries to insert a tube graft between the infra-renal aorta and the external iliac arteries with implantation of the internal iliac arteries on the prosthesis. Due to leakage from the posterior area of the proximal @entity254 , the proximal suture was redone. Total cross clamping lasted 65 minutes. No blood pressure drop was noted during or after the procedure. Postoperatively, the neurological examination revealed @entity451 with mild @entity322 . The fecal and urinary deficit resolved three months later. Nearly complete motor recovery was noted at the 18(th) postoperative month. The @entity1 then presented @entity9645 at 22 months postop leading to the diagnosis of Beh  et's disease. Several risk factors have been suggested to explain spinal @entity63 after abnormal aortic surgery: anatomic variablility of spinal perfusion, duration of @entity2333 clamping, and intra- or postoperative episodes of @entity551 . @entity16 to the arterial system due to Beh  et's disease could also perturb spinal blood supply and reproduce one of the mechanisms incriminated in ischemic spinal lesions occurring during aortic surgery for @entity439 .

title: [Spinal XXXX after biiliac @entity439 surgery related to Beh  et's disease diagnosed two years later].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['sensorial deficit and fecal and urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity9645 :: ('MESH:D019226', 'Disease') :: ['oral and genital ulceration']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombotic damage']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous aneurysm', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic cross']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: Aim. We presented the case of a @entity1 with @entity11627 ( @entity11627 ) to highlight issues that need to be considered in planning long-haul flight and problems that may arise during the flight. Case. The pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) received a @entity1 with @entity11627 ( @entity11627 ) on nocturnal ventilatory support who travelled to Hong Kong on a make-a-wish journey. He was diagnosed with central @entity3316 and had been well managed in Canada. During a long-haul aviation travel, he developed @entity1576 and desaturations. The @entity1 arrived in Hong Kong and his @entity1576 persisted. He was taken to a PICU for management. The @entity1 remained well and investigations revealed no pathogen to account for his @entity1729 . He went on with his make-a-wish journey. Conclusions. Various issues of travel medicine such as equipment, airline arrangement, in-flight ventilatory support, travel insurance, and @entity1729 are explored and discussed. This case illustrates that long-haul air travel is possible for @entity1 with respiratory compromise if anticipatory preparation is timely arranged.

title: Central @entity3316 : A Case Study of Issues Associated with Travel Medicine and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity11627 :: ('MESH:C536209', 'Disease') :: ["Ondine's curse", 'CHS', 'central hypoventilation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity3316 :: ('MESH:D007040', 'Disease') :: ['hypoventilation']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['Respiratory Infection']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the efficacy and safety of @entity136 ( @entity14113 )-based combination chemotherapies for the treatment of advanced @entity1125 . METHODS: Clinical trials were identified by searching scientific literature databases (PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library) for studies published between 1975 and 2013. Two reviewers independently evaluated the relevant studies and manually searched references from these reports to locate additional eligible studies. The disease response and control rates, progression-free and overall survivals, and the grade 3-4 @entity137 were evaluated by a meta-analysis. Odds-ratios (ORs) of the disease response and control rates and grade 3-4 @entity137 , and the mean difference (MD) of both progression-free and overall survivals were calculated and used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Seven randomized trials with a total of 858 @entity1 were selected and included in the final analysis. The studies were divided into subgroups based on the chemotherapy regimens, including @entity14113 -based and non- @entity14113 -based chemotherapies. The overall analyses revealed that the @entity1 treated with @entity14113 -based combination chemotherapy had significantly higher disease response rates [OR = 1.69, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17-2.43; P = 0.01], a longer progression-free survival (MD = 1.95, 95%CI: 0.90-3.00; P = 0.00) and a longer overall survival (MD = 1.85, 95%CI: 0.26-3.44; P = 0.02). A higher incidence of grade 3-4 hematological @entity137 , including @entity1431 (OR = 2.98, 95%CI: 1.44-6.20; P = 0.00), @entity417 (OR = 2.96, 95%CI: 1.79-4.92; P = 0.00) and @entity1398 (OR = 2.80, 95%CI: 1.39-5.64; P = 0.00) was found in the @entity14113 -based combination chemotherapy group compared with the @entity14113 monotherapy and non- @entity14113 -based chemotherapy groups. CONCLUSION: @entity14113 -based combination chemotherapy is a potential first-line treatment for advanced @entity1125 as a result of improved survival, though with additional @entity137 .

title: Efficacy and safety of @entity136 -based chemotherapies in XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1125 :: ('MESH:D001661', 'Disease') :: ['biliary tract cancer']

answer: @entity1125 :: (MESH:D001661,Disease) :: ['biliary tract cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Annually,    80,000 Americans receive guideline-based primary prevention @entity737 ( @entity737 ), but appropriate firing rates are low. Current selection criteria for @entity737 rely on left ventricular ejection fraction, which lacks sensitivity and specificity. Because scar-related myocardial tissue heterogeneity is a substrate for life-threatening @entity943 , we hypothesized that cardiac magnetic resonance identification of myocardial heterogeneity improves risk stratification through (1) its association with adverse @entity299 independent of clinical factors and biomarker levels and (2) its ability to identify particularly high- and low-risk subgroups. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 235 @entity1 with chronic @entity296 with a left ventricular ejection fraction of  <=35% undergoing clinically indicated primary prevention @entity1479 implantation, @entity2287 -enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance was prospectively performed to quantify the amount of heterogeneous myocardial tissue (gray zone [GZ]) and dense core scar. Serum high-sensitivity @entity1851 (hsCRP) and other biomarkers were assayed. The primary end point was appropriate @entity1479 shock for @entity2224 or @entity204 , which occurred in 45 (19%) @entity1 at a 3.6-year median follow-up. On univariable analysis, only diuretics, hsCRP, GZ, and core scar were associated with outcome. After multivariable adjustment, GZ and hsCRP remained independently associated with outcome (P<0.001). @entity1 in the lowest tertile for both GZ and hsCRP (n=42) were at particularly low risk (0.7% per year event rate), whereas those in the highest tertile for both GZ and hsCRP (n=32) had an event rate of 16.1% per year, P<0.001. CONCLUSIONS: In a cohort of primary prevention @entity1479 candidates, combining a myocardial heterogeneity index with an inflammatory biomarker identified a subgroup with a very low risk for adverse @entity299 , including @entity943 . This novel approach warrants further investigation to confirm its value as a clinical risk stratification tool. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00181233.

title: Combined cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and @entity1851 levels identify a cohort at low risk for defibrillator firings and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['implantable cardioverter-defibrillators', 'ICDs']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ) exon 5 and @entity1193 ( @entity1193 ) gene polymorphisms can be used as markers of susceptibility to febrile @entity410 in @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 were divided into 2 groups: those with febrile @entity410 (group 1; n = 51) and normal control subjects (group 2; n = 83). Polymorphisms for @entity1356 exon 5 and @entity1193 gene polymorphisms were detected by polymerase chain reaction. Genotypes and allelic frequencies for @entity1356 exon 5 and @entity1193 gene polymorphisms in both groups were compared. RESULTS: Genotype and allele frequencies for @entity1356 exon 5 in both groups were not significantly different. Proportions of E1 homozygotes and @entity6860 heterozygotes for @entity1356 exon 5 were 50 (98.1%) and 1 (1.9%), respectively, in group 1 and 82 (98.8%) and 1 (1.2%), respectively, in group 2. Frequencies of alleles E1 and E2 for @entity1356 exon 5 were 101 (99.0%) and 1 (1.0%), respectively, in group 1 and 165 (99.4%) and 1 (0.6%), respectively, in group 2. Genotype proportions and allele frequencies for @entity1193 between groups were significantly different. Proportions of genotypes I/I and I/II for @entity1193 were 49 (96.1%) and 2 (3.9%) in group 1 and 69 (83.1%) and 14 (16.9%) in group 2. Frequencies of alleles I and II for @entity1193 were 100 (98.0%) and 2 (2.0%) in group 1 and 152 (91.6%) and 14 (8.4%) in group 2. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1193 allele I is associated with a higher susceptibility to febrile @entity410 , which may become a useful marker for predicting the development of febrile @entity410 . The @entity1356 exon 5 gene polymorphisms are not a useful marker for predicting the susceptibility to febrile @entity410 .

title: Polymorphisms for @entity1356 exon 5 and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in Taiwanese XXXX with febrile @entity410 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsion', 'convulsions']

entities_list: @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin 1 beta', 'IL-1 beta']

entities_list: @entity1193 :: ('3557', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1 receptor antagonist', 'IL-1Ra']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the role of mechanical, infectious, and inflammatory factors inducing @entity1109 in @entity11438 ( @entity11438 ), an @entity74 characterised by attacks of @entity158 and @entity425 , @entity194 , and sensory alterations of the shoulder girdle and upper limb muscles. METHODS: Four @entity1 from separate kindreds with @entity11438 were evaluated. Upper extremity nerve biopsies were obtained during attacks from a @entity1 of each kindred. In situ hybridisation for common viruses in nerve tissue and genetic testing for a @entity7577 ( @entity7577 ; @entity16 ) were undertaken. Two @entity1 treated with intravenous @entity1667 had serial clinical and electrophysiological examinations. One @entity1 was followed prospectively through pregnancy and during the development of a stereotypic attack after elective caesarean delivery. RESULTS: Upper extremity nerve biopsies in two @entity1 showed prominent perivascular inflammatory infiltrates with vessel wall disruption. Nerve in situ hybridisation for viruses was negative. There were no tomaculous nerve changes. In two @entity1 intravenous @entity1667 ameliorated symptoms ( @entity158 ), but with tapering of @entity134 dose, signs and symptoms worsened. Elective caesarean delivery did not prevent a typical postpartum attack. CONCLUSIONS: @entity32 , probably immune, appears pathogenic for some if not all attacks of @entity11438 . Immune modulation may be useful in preventing or reducing the @entity1109 , although controlled trials are needed to establish efficacy, as correction of the mutant gene is still not possible. The genes involved in immune regulation may be candidates for causing @entity74 .

title: @entity32 and @entity1109 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity11438 :: ('MESH:D020968', 'Disease') :: ['HBPN', 'hereditary brachial plexus neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic attacks']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['tomaculous neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity7577 :: ('MESH:C536965', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary tendency to pressure palsies', 'HNPP']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['HBPN disorders', 'autosomal dominant disorder']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['largely pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity11438 :: (MESH:D020968,Disease) :: ['hereditary brachial plexus neuropathy']


abstract: Enlargement of preexisting @entity977 during pregnancy is well documented, but this phenomenon is unusual for nonendocrine @entity977 such as @entity976 . Only six cases of @entity976 have been reported as presenting during pregnancy. The authors describe a 19-year-old @entity1 who presented with @entity2588 and @entity6726 caused by an intrasellar mass. Seven months later, when she was 20 weeks pregnant, the @entity1 developed sudden @entity227 . Emergency transsphenoidal surgery was performed to restore visual function, and the @entity5 was found to be a @entity976 . The @entity1 had spontaneous labor and delivered a healthy @entity1 at term. The @entity5 recurred 4 years later, during her second pregnancy, and was again entirely removed via a second transsphenoidal approach. She again had a normal term delivery. During the 5-year follow-up period she has demonstrated no @entity227 . Control magnetic resonance images have revealed no recurrence of the @entity5 . The transsphenoidal approach seems to be the safest procedure to use during pregnancy to achieve an immediate @entity1781 and to preserve pituitary function.

title: Rapid enlargement and recurrence of a preexisting XXXX during the course of two pregnancies. Case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual dysfunction', 'endocrinological or visual dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity6726 :: ('MESH:D005687', 'Disease') :: ['galactorrhea']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve decompression']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas', 'pituitary tumors']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngiomas', 'craniopharyngioma']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity976 :: (MESH:D003397,Disease) :: ['intrasellar craniopharyngioma']


abstract: Neuronal nicotinic @entity934 receptors of chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla are physiologically activated by @entity934 to mediate @entity2922 release into the bloodstream. The present study examined the subunit composition and functional properties of @entity35 chromaffin cell neuronal nicotinic @entity934 receptors using molecular biology, immunocytochemistry and whole-cell patch-clamp. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated the presence of alpha2, alpha3, alpha4, alpha5, alpha7, beta2 and beta4 transcripts (alpha6 and beta3 could not be detected). Immunocytochemistry revealed most cells positive for alpha3, beta2, beta4 and alpha5 proteins. Few cells were immunoreactive for alpha2 and alpha4, while none was for alpha7. At single-cell level, colocalization could be demonstrated for alpha3alpha5 and alpha4beta2. Western blot analysis confirmed antibody specificity for alpha3, alpha4, alpha5, beta2 and beta4 subunits. Inward currents elicited by @entity1239 pulses were insensitive to alpha-bungarotoxin and low doses of @entity2512 , demonstrating lack of functional alpha7 receptors. Partial block of @entity1239 currents was observed with either AuIB alpha-conotoxin (selective against alpha3beta4 receptors) or MII alpha-conotoxin (selective against alpha3beta2 receptors). With high concentrations of co-applied toxins, antagonism occlusion developed, suggesting loss of subunit selectivity. Antagonism by @entity6325 summated nonlinearly with AuIB and MII inhibition, confirming heterogeneity of neuronal nicotinic @entity934 receptor block. The present results suggest that the most frequently encountered receptors of @entity35 chromaffin cells should comprise alpha3beta4, alpha3beta2 with the addition of alpha5 subunits. Because of the prevailing subunit composition, @entity35 chromaffin cell neuronal nicotinic @entity934 receptors are suitable models, particularly for the alpha3beta4 subclasses of @entity1 brain receptors recently demonstrated in discrete cerebral areas.

title: Molecular biology and electrophysiology of neuronal nicotinic receptors of XXXX chromaffin cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2512 :: ('MESH:C054634', 'Chemical') :: ['methyllycaconitine']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity6325 :: ('MESH:D004079', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydro-beta-erythroidine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The interval @entity5 rate is an important parameter for determining the sensitivity of a screening procedure and the screening interval. We evaluated the time and mechanism of detection and the stage distribution of @entity263 diagnosed during a 4-year screening interval. METHODS: We determined the rate of @entity5 and the sensitivity of the screening protocol (involving @entity1486 , digital rectal and transrectal ultrasound examinations) in a cohort of 17 226 @entity1 (8350 on the screened arm, 8876 on the control arm) enrolled consecutively on the European Randomized Study of Screening for @entity263 . @entity1 on the screened arm received a first screen between October 1993 and December 1996 and a scheduled second screen 4 years later. @entity263 detected in @entity1 enrolled on the control arm over the same 4-year period and, between screens, in @entity1 on the screened arm, were identified by linkage to the Dutch national @entity5 registry. RESULTS: During the first screen, 412 @entity263 were detected. During the subsequent 4-year period, 135 @entity5 were diagnosed in @entity1 in the control arm and 25 @entity5 were diagnosed in @entity1 in the screened arm. Seven of the 25 @entity5 were diagnosed in @entity1 who had refused a recommended biopsy at their initial screen. Of the remaining 18 @entity5 , all were classified as stage @entity16823 -C or @entity13872 and none were poorly differentiated or metastatic. The rate of @entity5 relative to the number of @entity5 in the control group was 18.5% (25/135), or 13.3% (18/135), if the seven who refused an initial biopsy were excluded. The sensitivity of the screening protocol was 79.8% when considering all 25 @entity5 and 85.5% when considering 18 @entity5 . CONCLUSION: The interval @entity5 rate with a 4-year screening interval was low, confirming that the screening procedure has a high sensitivity and that the 4-year screening interval is reasonable.

title: Interval carcinomas in the European Randomized Study of Screening for XXXX (ERSPC)-Rotterdam.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['Prostate cancers', 'interval prostate cancers', 'prostate cancers', 'Prostate Cancer-Rotterdam']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['interval cancers', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: Infection is the most serious complication arising in long-term continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), specifically @entity298 . The initial weeks after implantation is the crucial period during which bacterial colonization of the catheter results in maximal morbidity, with @entity794 being the most virulent organism. We developed an antimicrobial-impregnated CAPD catheter by impregnating the cuff and tubing with @entity1216 , @entity1217 , and @entity14789 in a polymer matrix. The antimicrobial spectrum and duration were shown by measuring zones of inhibition to various bacteria and fungi over the course of 5 to 10 days. Activity also was assessed subsequent to soaking in trypticase soy broth containing 20% bovine serum over the course of 1, 3, and 7 days. Significant antimicrobial activity was shown against all organisms tested for, with particular efficacy against gram-positive bacteria. Catheters were implanted in @entity35 followed by inoculation of the exit site with @entity794 . Seven days postimplantation, 0% of the impregnated catheters were colonized intraperitoneally compared with 100% of the control catheters. Similarly, 12.5% of the impregnated catheters were colonized at the exit site, whereas 100% of the controls were colonized. Histologic analysis showed that this combination and concentration of antimicrobials did not retard healing or cause increased @entity32 compared with control catheters after 3, 10, and 24 days postimplantation in noninoculated @entity35 .

title: Evaluation of an antimicrobial-impregnated continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis catheter for infection control in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity14789 :: ('MESH:D014260', 'Chemical') :: ['triclosan']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S aureus']

entities_list: @entity1217 :: ('MESH:D012837', 'Chemical') :: ['silver sulfadiazine']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis and exit-site infection']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The long-term complications of immunosuppressive therapy such as @entity6 , @entity1007 , and @entity101 are a major source of morbidity in liver transplant recipients. In this prospective, randomized, open-label study we completely withdrew @entity229 (PRED) 14 days after liver transplantation in an effort to decrease these metabolic complications. @entity1 were maintained on @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) in combination with either @entity205 (CsA; Neoral formulation) or @entity1140 ( @entity11636 ). Thus, we also were able to compare @entity870 to @entity11636 in @entity1 not receiving PRED with respect to efficacy, @entity137 , and effect on posttransplant metabolic complications. METHODS: A total of 71 @entity1 were randomized to receive either @entity11636 - @entity2098 (n=35) or CsA- @entity2098 (n=36) after liver transplantation and were analyzed for @entity1 and graft survival. Fifty-eight @entity1 continued the immunosuppressive protocol for at least 6 months after transplantation and were analyzed for the incidence of acute rejection and the prevalence of @entity6 , @entity101 , and @entity1007 . RESULTS: The 6-month @entity1 survival rates were 94.4% for CsA- @entity2098 and 88.6% for @entity11636 - @entity2098 . Corresponding 6-month graft survival rates were 88.7% and 85.71% with no immunologic graft losses in either group. The incidence of biopsy-proven acute rejection was 46% for CsA- @entity2098 and 42.3% for @entity11636 - @entity2098 . Six @entity1 were converted from CsA to @entity11636 (four for recurrent rejection) and seven @entity1 were converted from @entity11636 to CsA (four for @entity2359 ). Only one @entity1 (in the @entity11636 - @entity2098 group) developed new-onset posttransplant @entity6 . In contrast, four of eight @entity1 in the CsA- @entity2098 group who were @entity6 before transplant became nondiabetic in the first 3 months after transplant. The mean serum @entity165 level was significantly lower in the @entity11636 - @entity2098 group than in the CsA- @entity2098 group (145.2+/-41.8 mg/dl and 190.3+/-62.2, respectively; P<0.001) and the incidence of @entity101 was lower in the @entity11636 - @entity2098 group (12% vs. 30.3% in the CsA- @entity2098 group, P<0.01). Both groups had a lower incidence of metabolic complications compared with a historical group (n=100) maintained on CsA and PRED (10 mg/day at 6 months). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2098 in combination with either @entity11636 or CsA allows withdrawal of @entity69914 days after liver transplantation with a moderate rejection rate and no immunologic graft losses. Early PRED @entity6 , @entity1007 , and @entity101 , but @entity1 maintained on @entity11636 have lower serum @entity165 levels and a lower incidence of @entity101 than CsA-treated @entity1 .

title: XXXX withdrawal 14 days after liver transplantation with mycophenolate: a prospective trial of @entity205 and @entity1140 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['withdrawal decreases posttransplant diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity229 :: (MESH:D011241,Chemical) :: ['Prednisone']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine in a prospective study the efficacy, @entity137 , and long-term outcome of up-front allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (allo- @entity12497 ) in @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: In the prospective phase III study by the Dutch-Belgian Hemato-Oncology Cooperative Group (HOVON), HOVON 24 @entity1582 , 53 @entity1 with an HLA-identical sibling (median age at transplantation, 48 years; range, 31 to 56 years) were allocated to a partial T-cell-depleted allo- @entity12497 after induction therapy. RESULTS: The overall response rate after allo- @entity12497 was 89% (47 of 53 @entity1 ), including the 19% of @entity1 (10 of 53 @entity1 ) with a complete remission (CR). Five @entity1 achieved a CR only after allo- @entity12497 . Five (71%) of seven primary refractory @entity1 obtained a response to allo- @entity12497 , all of whom had a partial remission. With a median follow-up of 38 months (range, 25 to 61 months), 20 @entity1 are alive since allo- @entity12497 and 33 @entity1 have died (14 from progressive disease, 18 from treatment-related mortality [TRM], and one from another cause). Occurrence of @entity2132 grades 2 to 4 predicted for higher TRM in a time-dependent analysis. The median progression-free survival time after allo- @entity12497 was 17 months. Median overall survival time after allo- @entity12497 was 25 months, or 29 months from the start of therapy. Only three @entity1 are in continuing CR, indicating that the potential cure rate of this approach is, at best, 6%. CONCLUSION: This first prospective evaluation of up-front allo- @entity12497 of @entity1582 in a multicenter setting does not support the use of T-cell-depleted myeloablative allo- @entity12497 as part of first-line therapy.

title: Partially T-cell-depleted allogeneic stem-cell transplantation for first-line treatment of @entity1582 : a prospective evaluation of @entity1 treated in the phase III study HOVON 24 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['acute graft-versus-host disease']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['MM']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the effectiveness of a standard Cardiac Rehabilitation Programme (CRP) and an @entity22 ( @entity22 ) for @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ). METHOD: Subjects with @entity712 discharged from hospitalization were invited to participate in a 6-week CRP followed by a 12-week @entity22 . Outcome variables included New York Heart Association functional classification, distance covered in a 6 minute-walk distance (6MWD), health-related quality of life (HRQOL) questionnaire and rate of hospital re-admission. RESULTS: Of 58 invited subjects, 26 completed the CRP and 18 continued with @entity22 . Subjects who participated in CRP and @entity22 showed superior improvement in 6MWT and HRQOL scores (p < 0.05) compared with those who did not participate in either program (control). Subjects who continued with the @entity22 demonstrated further improved performance compared with those who participated in CRP only. Of those re-admitted to hospital with symptoms associated with @entity712 , 73% were @entity1 from the control group; 21% were those who completed the CRP and 6% were @entity1 who completed the @entity22 . CONCLUSION: CRP is effective in improving functional capacity, HRQOL and reduces hospital readmission for @entity1 with @entity712 . An @entity22 provides opportunities for further improvement in outcome. However there is a need to improve the @entity1 participation rate of the programme in the Chinese community.

title: Clinical outcomes of a Cardiac Rehabilitation and Maintenance Program for Chinese @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['EMP', 'Extended Maintenance Programme']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: @entity75 treatment (BHT) is an intensive care characterized by simultaneous managements of various vital signs, such as @entity932 ( @entity932 ) and pressure ( @entity428 ), of the severe neuropatient. Medical treatments including therapeutic ambient cooling and diuresis are separately carried out based on the experience of the medical staff involved in the clinical management of various pathophysiological processes, such as thermodynamics, hemodynamics and pharmacokinetics. However, no special attention has been paid to the interactions among these subsystems in @entity2332 because of the lack of theoretical knowledge. Therefore, quantitative analyses using an integrated model of various physiological processes and their interactions are of pressing need. In the present paper, we propose a general compartmental model to describe the pathophysiological processes of the three aforementioned dynamics, on account of the dynamical analogy of temperature, pressure and concentration. The model is verified by the agreement of model-based simulation results with clinical evidence. Based on responses of the integrated model to various stimuli, a transfer function matrix is identified to linearly approximate the characteristic interrelationships between medical treatments (ambient cooling and diuresis) and the vital signs ( @entity932 and @entity428 ). Then a controller that decouples ambient cooling and diuresis is proposed for efficient management of @entity932 and @entity428 , enhancement of hypothermic decompression and reduction of diuretic dosage. Decoupling control simulation indicates that @entity932 and @entity428 of the integrated model, representing a @entity1 under @entity1882 , can be simultaneously regulated by a single PID controller for ambient cooling and another for diuresis. The proposed decoupler effectively establishes hypothermic decompression, reduces the dosage of diuretic and improves @entity428 management. Theoretical analyses of the integrated model and decoupling control of @entity932 and @entity428 provide insights into the intensive care of various pathophysiological processes in @entity1 undergoing BHT.

title: An integrated model of thermodynamic-hemodynamic-pharmacokinetic system and its application on decoupling control of XXXX and pressure in brain @entity2332 treatment.

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['ICT', 'intracranial temperature']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Brain hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['therapeutic hypothermia']

answer: @entity932 :: (MESH:D020300,Disease) :: ['intracranial temperature']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The invasive and lethal nature of @entity463 the continuous identification of molecular targets and search of efficacious therapies to inhibit GBM growth. The GBM resistance to chemotherapy and radiation it is attributed to the existence of a rare fraction of @entity5 stem cells (CSC) that we have identified within the @entity5 core and in peritumor tissue of GBM. Since @entity125 pathway is a potential therapeutic target in @entity1313 , earlier we highlighted that pharmacological inhibition of @entity125 signalling by y-secretase inhibitor-X (GSI-X), reduced cell growth of some c-CSC than to their respective p-CSC, but produced negligible effects on cell cycle distribution, apoptosis and cell invasion. In the current study, we assessed the effects of @entity1135 -targeted shRNA, a @entity125 gene target, specifically on GBM CSC refractory to GSI-X. Depletion of @entity1135 protein induces major changes in cell morphology, cell growth rate and in the invasive ability of shHes1-CSC in response to growth factor EGF. shHes1-CSC show a decrease of the stemness marker Nestin concurrently to a marked increase of neuronal marker @entity14383 compared to pLKO.1-CSC. Those effects correlated with repression of @entity470 protein and modulation of @entity4104 phosphorylation at Y705 and S727 residues. In the last decade @entity4104 has gained attention as therapeutic target in @entity5 but there is not yet any approved @entity4104 -based @entity11 therapy. Herein, we report that exposure to a @entity26015 inhibitor, induced apoptosis either in shHes1-CSC or control cells. Taken together, @entity1135 seems to be a favorable target but not sufficient itself to target GBM efficaciously, therefore a possible pharmacological intervention should provide for the use of anti- @entity26015 drugs either alone or in combination regimen.

title: The interference of @entity125 target @entity1135 affects cell growth, differentiation and invasiveness of XXXX stem cells through modulation of multiple oncogenic targets.

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) necessitates']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: Postoperative radiotherapy (PRT) is widely advocated for @entity1 with @entity957 of the head and neck that are considered to be at high risk of recurrence after surgical resection. The aims of this study were to evaluate the treatment outcomes of PRT for @entity1 with @entity189 and to identify the value of several prognostic factors. We reviewed the records of 256 @entity1 treated for @entity957 between January 1993 and December 2005. Disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Log-rank test was employed to identify significant prognostic factors for DFS and @entity1349 . The Cox proportional hazards model was applied to identify covariates significantly associated with the aforementioned endpoints. Our results showed the 3-, 5-, and 10-year DFS for all @entity1 were 69.9%, 59.5%, and 34.9%, respectively. The 3-, 5-, and 10-year @entity1349 rates were 80.8%, 68.6%, and 38.8%, respectively. Significant prognostic factors for both DFS and @entity1349 on univariate analysis were grade, primary site, T stage, N stage, overall stage, @entity1600 , overall treatment times of radiation, the interval between surgery and radiotherapy, and radiotherapy equipment. Favorable prognostic factors for both DFS and @entity1349 on multivariate analysis were lower overall stage, no cervical @entity1600 , and using 60Co as radiotherapy equipment. In conclusion, our data suggest that lower overall stage, no cervical @entity1600 , and using 60Co as radiotherapy equipment are favorable prognostic factors for DFS and @entity1349 and that reducing the overall treatment times of radiation to 6 weeks or less and the interval between surgery and radiotherapy to less than 3 weeks are simple measures to remarkably improve treatment outcome.

title: Treatment results and prognostic factors of XXXX undergoing postoperative radiotherapy for @entity957 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity6444 ( @entity6444 ) is a malignancy of @entity6689 (+) B cells. This B-cell lineage is established during ontogeny and replenished by the process of self-renewal. Spontaneous and induced @entity1778 that frequently affect this lineage are thought to arise as a result of the frequent cell division required to maintain the population throughout adulthood and in response to repeated exposure to environmental antigens. In a series of bone marrow transplant (BMT) experiments performed in B6D2F1 @entity19 , @entity8624 occurred in recipients of serially transplanted syngeneic bone marrow. This study was therefore designed to determine the frequency and phenotype of the observed @entity1778 . Male donor cells were initially transplanted into lethally irradiated female hosts and secondary (2 degrees ) BMT was performed at 3 months. At 1, 2, 3 and 16 months following primary (1 degrees ) BMT, and when 2 degrees BMT recipients developed @entity1778 , animals were sacrificed and their tissues extensively examined. These analyses confirmed a host-derived @entity6689 (+) transplantable @entity8624 that was initiated in 50% of 1 degrees BMT recipients. With serial passage, the @entity1778 became more @entity146 and lost @entity6689 expression, suggesting transformation to a high-grade @entity1778 / @entity706 . This previously unreported observation suggests that the combination of radiation and subsequent serial transplantation induces a proliferative stress to the host B-cell compartment that is causative in leukaemic transformation.

title: In vivo expansion of the endogenous B-cell compartment stimulated by radiation and serial bone marrow transplantation induces XXXX in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia', 'leukaemias']

entities_list: @entity8624 :: ('MESH:D015448', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity6444 :: ('MESH:D015461', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia']

answer: @entity8624 :: (MESH:D015448,Disease) :: ['B-cell leukaemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity20956 .5% of all @entity1653 . While they typically arise in the sphenoid wing, convexity MEP are comparatively rare and are often confused with @entity693 , @entity1181 , @entity6551 , or @entity82 , with very little information published in the literature. We conducted a literature review on PubMed of English-only articles using a keyword search. All studies that described reports of convexity MEP were reviewed for @entity1 demographics, presenting symptoms, radiological reports, surgical management, recurrence rates, histopathological presentation, post-operative complications, and follow-up. This resulted in 12 papers comprising 22 cases of convexity MEP. Seventeen (77%) of the 22 @entity1 were female with an average age of 53.2years. Intitial presenting symptoms included @entity10 in 12/20 (60%), @entity1269 in 5/20 (25%), and visual symptoms in 1/20 (5%). Of the 14 @entity1 who underwent surgical resection, only four were reported as gross total resection. Twelve reports had associated pathology reports, with all 12 @entity5 graded as World Health Organization Grade I. Convexity MEP, while rare, present a challenge with regard to correct diagnosis and subsequent resection. The easier accessibility of these @entity1653 predicts higher surgical success rates and incidence of total resection, though care must be taken to ensure @entity5 , dural attachments, and any overlying @entity17505 bone. Though @entity4916 is frequently observed with this variant of @entity1653 , it is neither exclusive nor wholly indicative of MEP. Due to its rarity in both clinical practice and the literature, further studies are warranted to identify modern imaging means to correctly diagnose this condition.

title: Surgical limitations in XXXX en-plaque: Is radical resection necessary?

entities_list: @entity6551 :: ('MESH:D014375', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4916 :: ('MESH:D015576', 'Disease') :: ['hyperostosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity17505 :: ('MESH:C537115', 'Disease') :: ['hyperostotic']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gross total removal of tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity20956 :: ('MESH:D010267', 'Disease') :: ['Meningiomas-en-plaque (MEP) comprise 2']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma', 'meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['convexity meningiomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiological changes and the ongoing expansion of the diagnostic armamentarium warrant a regular update of the spectrum of diseases that present as prolonged febrile illnesses. METHODS: We prospectively collected a series of 290 immunocompetent @entity1 referred to our university hospital between 1990 and 1999 with a @entity221 (temperature >38.3 degrees C) of uncertain cause, lasting at least 3 weeks. @entity1 were categorized in 4 groups according to the timing of diagnosis: early diagnosis (within 3 in-hospital days or 3 outpatient visits), intermediate diagnosis (between days 4 and 7), late diagnosis (after day 7), and no diagnosis during index contact or follow-up. RESULTS: A final diagnosis was established early in 67 @entity1 (23.1%), intermediate in 38 (13.1%), and late in 87 (30.0%). In the remaining 98 (33.8%), no diagnosis was made. The cause of the @entity221 remained obscure in 50 (47.6%) of 105 @entity1 with episodic @entity221 vs 48 (25.9%) of 185 @entity1 with continuous @entity221 (P<.001). Among the 192 @entity1 with a final diagnosis, noninfectious inflammatory diseases represented the most prevalent diagnostic category (35.4%), surpassing infections (29.7%), miscellaneous causes (19.8%), and @entity5 (15.1%). Fourteen disorders accounted for over 59% of diagnoses, whether diagnosis was reached early, intermediate, or late. @entity1583 made up 11.5% of diagnoses, but were responsible for 14 (58.3%) of the 24 fatalities related to the @entity221 . Of the 80 @entity1 discharged alive without diagnosis and for whom follow-up was available, 3 died, but the @entity204 were considered to be unrelated to the feverish illness. CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged febrile illnesses remain a diagnostic challenge. Despite the technological progress of the late 20th century, the origin of the @entity221 remains elusive in many @entity1 , especially in those with episodic fevers. Noninfectious inflammatory diseases emerge as the most prevalent diagnostic category.

title: From prolonged @entity221 to XXXX of unknown origin: the challenge continues.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['Hematological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['febrile illness', 'fever']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['fever']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Randomized trials with antidepressants are often run under double blind placebo-controlled conditions, whereas those with psychotherapies are mostly unblinded. This can introduce bias in favor of psychotherapy when the treatments are directly compared. In this meta-analysis, we examine this potential source of bias. METHODS: We searched Pubmed, PsycInfo, Embase and the Cochrane database (1966 to January  2014) by combining terms indicative of psychological treatment and @entity308 , and limited to randomized trials. We included 35  trials (with 3721  @entity1 ) in which psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy for adult @entity308 were directly compared with each other. We calculated effect sizes for each study indicating the difference between psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy at post-test. Then, we examined the difference between studies with a placebo condition and those without in moderator analyses. RESULTS: We did not find a significant difference between the studies with and those without a placebo condition. The studies in which a placebo condition was included indicated no significant difference between psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy (g=-0.07; NNT=25). Studies in which no placebo condition was included (and @entity1 and clinicians in both conditions were not blinded), resulted in a small, but significant difference between psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy in favor of pharmacotherapy (g=-0.13; NNT=14). CONCLUSIONS: Studies comparing psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy in which both groups of @entity1 (and therapists) are not blinded (no placebo condition is included) result in a very small, but significantly higher effect for pharmacotherapy.

title: The effects of blinding on the outcomes of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy for adult XXXX : A meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the proportion of several leukocyte subsets is modulated in the endometrium of @entity1 with @entity46 and, if yes, whether it can be used for diagnostic purposes. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: Eight clinical institutions of the Montreal area. @entity1 (S): @entity1 who underwent laparoscopy or laparotomy between 1997 and 2001, who had regular menstrual cycles and were not under hormone treatment for the previous 3 months were selected. This study included 368 @entity1 , 173 with surgically confirmed @entity46 and 195 controls with no surgical evidence of @entity46 . INTERVENTIONS:                 <AbstractText Label="MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S)" NlmCategory="METHODS">Cytometry analysis was used to measure the proportion of several leukocyte subsets among CD45(+) endometrial cells. RESULT(S): The proportion of CD3(+), CD16(+), CD3(-)HLADR(-), CD3(-)CD45RA(-), CD3(+)CD16(-), CD3(+)CD56(-), CD56(-)CD16(+), and @entity4070 (+) leukocytes was significantly altered in the endometrium of cases compared with controls. A multiple logistic regression model was adjusted with these endometrial leukocytes, serum @entity10224 levels, risk factors, and confounders. The diagnostic performance of this predictive model was defined by a specificity of 95% and a sensitivity of 61%. Furthermore, the positive and negative predictive values were 91% and 75%, respectively. CONCLUSION(S): This predictive model represents a novel diagnostic tool to identify @entity1 with a high likelihood of suffering from @entity46 .

title: Development of a nonsurgical diagnostic tool for XXXX based on the detection of endometrial leukocyte subsets and serum @entity10224 levels.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: @entity420 ( @entity420 ) are an uncommon morphologic variant of infiltrative @entity11 that contains a prominent population of atypical granular cells. As a rule, they are biologically aggressive compared to similar @entity5 without granular features. We sought to determine whether GCAs possess distinct genotypic alterations that might reflect their unique morphology or clinical behavior. Eleven GCAs occurring in 7 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 ranging in age from 46 to 75 years were investigated for genetic alterations of known significance in glial tumorigenesis, including LOH at 1p, 9p, 10q, 17p, and 19q, point mutations of @entity876 , deletions of @entity986 ( @entity986 ) and @entity986 , as well as @entity470 amplifications. @entity5 included had an infiltrative growth pattern and consisted of large, round cells packed with eosinophilic, PAS-positive granules that varied in quantity, ranging from 30 to 100% of @entity5 cells. Three @entity5 were of WHO grade II, one was grade III, and 7 were grade IV lesions. Overall, the @entity5 showed higher frequencies of LOH at 1p, 9p, 10q, 17p, and 19q than typical infiltrating @entity816 of similar grades. Losses on 9p and 10q occurred in nearly all cases, including low grade lesions. @entity876 mutations were identified in 2 grade IV GCAs, while combined @entity986 and @entity986 ( @entity986 ) homozygous deletions were noted in only one grade IV lesion. None showed @entity470 amplification. We found no genetic alterations specific for @entity420 . Instead, it appears that granular cell change occurs across genetic subsets. The high frequency of @entity393 , especially on 9p and 10q, may confer aggressive growth potential and be related to their rapid clinical progression.

title: XXXX show a high frequency of @entity393 but are not a genetically defined subset.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['allelic loss']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Granular cell astrocytomas', 'GCA']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['Granular cell astrocytomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The long-term efficacy of @entity4836 , a reversible @entity16374 cholinesterase inhibitor, in the treatment of postural @entity591 (POTS) @entity1 remains unclear. We report our retrospective, single-center, long-term experience regarding the efficacy and adverse effect profile of @entity4836 in the treatment of POTS @entity1 . METHODS: This retrospective study included an extensive review of electronic charts and data collection in regards to @entity1 demographics, orthostatic parameters, side-effect profile, subjective response to therapy, as well as laboratory studies recorded at each follow-up visit to our institution's @entity1163 and Autonomic Disorders Center. The response to @entity4836 therapy was considered successful if @entity1 had both symptom relief in addition to an objective response in orthostatic hemodynamic parameters (heart rate [HR] and blood pressure). Three hundred @entity1 with POTS were screened for evaluation in this study. Of these 300, 203 @entity1 with POTS who received @entity4836 therapy were reviewed. Of these 203 @entity1 , 168 were able to tolerate the medication after careful dose titration. The mean follow-up duration in this group of @entity1 was 12    3 (9-15) months. @entity4836 improved symptoms of orthostatic intolerance in 88 of 203 (43%) of total @entity1 or 88 of 172 (51%) who were able to tolerate the drug. The symptoms that improved the most included @entity1295 (55%), palpitations (60%), @entity1163 (60%), and @entity1163 (48%). Symptom reduction correlated with a statistically significant improvement in upright HR and diastolic blood pressure after treatment with @entity4836 as compared to their baseline hemodynamic parameters (standing HR 94    19 vs 82    16, P < 0.003, standing diastolic blood pressure 71    11 vs 74    12, P < 0.02). Gastrointestinal problems were the most common adverse effects (n = 39, 19%) reported. The overall efficacy of @entity4836 in our study was seen in 42% of total @entity1 or 52% of @entity1 who could tolerate taking the drug. CONCLUSION: The subgroup of POTS @entity1 who can tolerate oral @entity4836 may demonstrate improvement in their standing HR, standing diastolic blood pressure, and clinical symptoms of orthostatic intolerance.

title: XXXX in the treatment of postural @entity591 : a single-center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4836 :: ('MESH:D011729', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridostigmine', 'Pyridostigmine']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['presyncope', 'syncope', 'Syncope']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic tachycardia syndrome']

answer: @entity4836 :: (MESH:D011729,Chemical) :: ['Pyridostigmine']


abstract: In the period between 1980 and 1983 smoking habits, @entity285 consumption, coffee drinking, and familial occurrences of peptic @entity1066 were studied in @entity1 with @entity2275 in North Norway. The results were compared with those in two control groups matched for sex and age but without anamnestically known previous @entity10189 . Statistically significant increased familial occurrences of peptic @entity1066 were found in relatives of @entity1 both with gastric and with duodenal @entity1066 , compared with the control group. Furthermore, significantly more smokers were found in the two groups of @entity1 than in the control groups. @entity1 with duodenal @entity1066 smoked more than those with @entity2275 . Both the consumption of coffee and that of @entity285 , however, were significantly reduced in the @entity1066 @entity1 compared with their controls. Therefore, both familial factors and smoking habits appear to have some relationship or even play etiologic roles in the development of @entity10189 , at least in the northern part of Norway. Coffee drinking and intake of @entity285 seem to be of no importance. Both @entity286 smoking and familial accumulation of peptic @entity1066 increased the relative risks of getting both @entity2275 as compared with 'non-exposed' @entity1 . Furthermore, a positive correlation was found in @entity1 between the quantity of smoking and the risk of developing duodenal @entity1066 .

title: Smoking, XXXX , coffee, and familial factors: any associations with @entity10189 ? A clinically and radiologically prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['peptic ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcer', 'gastric or duodenal ulcer', 'gastric and duodenal ulcer']

answer: @entity285 :: (D000431,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: @entity1468 ( @entity1468 ) is a pregnancy associated disorder characterized by @entity101 and @entity644 , which causes neonatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. The @entity1198 /Th2 cytokine paradigm of the immune adaptation in pregnancy is now expanded to include @entity1198 /Th2/Th17 and regulatory T (Treg) cells. Among cytokines, @entity2533 has properties that justify evaluation of its role in @entity1468 etiopathology. In this investigation the polymorphisms of the @entity2533 gene at promoter region, positions @entity45412 and @entity12172 , were studied in 142 @entity1468 and 140 normal pregnant female subjects using PCR-RFLP. Additionally, serum @entity2533 was determined by ELISA. At position @entity45412 genotypes and allele frequencies showed no significant differences between @entity1468 @entity1 (GG 73.9%; GA 21.1%; AA 4.93%) and normal control (GG 70%; GA 28.6%; AA 1.4%) @entity1 . However the AA genotype at this position was more frequent in @entity1468 @entity1 than in the control group. At @entity12172 position, genotypes and allele frequencies showed no significant differences between @entity1468 @entity1 and control individuals. The CC genotype at @entity12172 position was more prevalent in @entity1468 @entity1 than in the control group. The mean serum @entity2533 level was significantly higher (62.14 ng/ml) in @entity1468 @entity1 compared with pregnant and non-pregnant control groups (and 47.01 and 40.68 ng/ml, respectively). In conclusion, the promoter region polymorphisms of @entity2533 may not be associated with @entity1468 , but serum levels of this cytokine may contribute to the etiopathology of @entity1468 .

title: Promoter region polymorphisms in the XXXX ( @entity2533 ) gene and serum @entity2533 concentration in preeclamptic and control Iranian @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['Preeclampsia', 'PE']

answer: @entity2533 :: (7040,Gene) :: ['transforming growth factor beta-1']


abstract: AIM: Low birth weight is an important issue due to its dreadful consequences in future. Well prevailing over the world, this is important in view of developing countries. Low birth weight is associated with high neonatal and @entity1 mortality, lower trajectory of growth during childhood and adolescence, increases risk of non-communicable diseases during adult life. Oxidative stress is a major player among the various etiologies. @entity533 is an important antioxidant defense. Phospholipase is required to release free @entity1718 from @entity37481 utilized for fetal growth. We conducted the study to look for the predictive value of serum paraoxonase and phospholipase. METHODS: With binding to Helsinki declaration and approval from Institutional Ethical Committee, we have selected 100 pregnant ladies. Serum @entity533 arylesterase (ARE), lactonase (LACT) and serum phospholipase (PL) activities are measured. We used SPSS 20.0 for linear and logistic regression models to assess the predictability of the ARE, LACT and PL for predicting the @entity1592 . RESULTS: R value increases in the order of maternal age, maternal weight, phospholipase, arylesterase, lactonase. Logistic regression analysis with different models and with birth weight as dependent factor, maternal age is flagged out as not significant. PL, LACT, ARE emerge out to be good predictors of @entity1592 . CONCLUSION: From this study we have concluded that @entity533 LACT, ARE and serum PL, could be the newer markers @entity1592 in maternal serum. @entity1592 can be predicted beforehand by using @entity533 LACT, @entity533 ARE and serum phospholipase. This surely will help in timely diagnosis and treatment accordingly of possible adverse pregnancy outcome.

title: Study of serum paraoxonase and phospholipase activities in pregnant XXXX in relation to birth weight.

entities_list: @entity37481 :: ('MESH:D020404', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to find out whether there is interdependence between the @entity1 - assessments of biological, psychological, psychosocial and spiritual levels. METHODS: 590 subjects, both ill and healthy, were examined by appropriate means and asked to consider their level of fear, @entity308 (Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale - Modification), @entity146 , quality of life (EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire), and the purpose and meaning of life (The "PURPOSE in Life Test" - @entity9057 questionnaire). RESULTS: Three groups of @entity1 were established with the help of statistical procedures. The first group encompassed the healthy subjects, whereas the second and third included those that were ill. Although the subjects estimated their level of physical fitness and general quality of life similarly, there were some essential differences in their disease-associated reactions (i.e. the groups adjusted differently - the second group poorly and the third well). The majority of @entity1 suffering from @entity5 were well adapted to the early stages of the disease. As @entity5 progressed the percentage of those that adjusted poorly rose. However, even in the terminal stage some of the @entity1 , about 1/3, still belonged to the group of those that were quite well adjusted. Established meaning of life, system of values, and personal religion were factors that helped to adapt. CONCLUSIONS: There was no connection between the @entity1 ' assessments of their biological level and other (psychological, psychosocial, spiritual) levels. We can distinguish groups of @entity1 that judge their physical condition similarly and still vary in the assessment of their emotional state or meaning of life.

title: Types of reactions to XXXX in view of V.E. Frankl philosophy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As larger numbers of @entity101 @entity1 are screened for @entity1368 with the @entity1369 -to- @entity916 ratio (ARR), automated analyzers present a practical solution for many laboratories. We report the method-specific ARR cutoff determined with direct, automated chemiluminescence immunoassays allowing the simultaneous measurement of plasma @entity1369 concentrations (PACs) and plasma @entity916 concentrations (PRCs). METHODS: Method comparisons to commonly employed assays and tandem mass spectrometry were undertaken. @entity1 were previously diagnosed based on the local ARR cutoff of 1.2 (ng/dl)/( IU/ml) in samples collected in upright seated position. Lack of @entity1369 suppression in response to salt load to less than 5ng/dl confirmed @entity1368 . For the new assays, the optimal ARR cutoff was established in 152 @entity1 with essential @entity101 , 93 with @entity1368 and 147 normotensive @entity1 . @entity1369 suppression was assessed in 73 essential @entity101 and 46 @entity1368 @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity16180 and PRC were significantly correlated to values determined with currently available methods (P < 0.001). In @entity1 with @entity1368 , @entity1 with essential @entity101 and controls, mean (95% confidence interval) @entity16180 was 28.4 (25.4-31.8), 6.4 (5.9-6.9) and 6.2 (5.6-6.9)ng/dl, respectively. In the same groups, PRC was 6.6 (5.6-7.7), 12.9 (11.2-14.8) and 26.5 (22.2-31.5) IU/ml. An ARR cutoff of 1.12 provided 98.9% sensitivity and 78.9% specificity. Employing the new assay @entity1369 suppression confirmed the diagnosis of @entity1368 and essential @entity101 using the cutoff of 5ng/dl. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate that the new assays present a convenient alternative for the measurement of @entity16180 and PRC on a single automated analyzer. Availability of these simultaneous assays should facilitate screening and diagnosis of @entity1368 .

title: Clinical validation for the @entity1369 -to- @entity916 ratio and XXXX suppression testing using simultaneous fully automated chemiluminescence immunoassays.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['Aldosterone', 'aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['primary aldosteronism']

answer: @entity1369 :: (MESH:D000450,Chemical) :: ['aldosterone']


abstract: @entity8900 , a parenterally administered derivative of @entity69290 , was tested in vitro against 150 stock cultures of Enterobacteriaceae and 30 stock cultures each of @entity796 and @entity794 . Both broth- and agar-dilution techniques were employed with two sizes of inocula of organisms. At a concentration of 7.5 mug or less/ml, @entity8900 inhibited and killed 100% of strains of @entity526 and @entity5609 and more than 80% of @entity4005 species when tested against an inoculum of 10(5) bacterial cells/ml. However, even at 100 mug/ml, only a few isolates of other Enterobacteriaceae and @entity796 were inhibited. A 100-fold increase in the inoculum resulted in decreased susceptibility of organisms. All @entity114 -susceptible as well as @entity114 -resistant @entity794 isolates were inhibited and killed by 5 mug or less of @entity8900 /ml when tested with an inoculum of either 10(4) or 10(6) organisms/ml. The drug also was studied in various doses in the treatment of 77 @entity1 with diverse infections. @entity8900 was effective in the treatment of 27 of 32 @entity1 with @entity358 , as well as in 6 of 7 @entity1 with staphylococcal or streptococcal soft tissue infection. Of 25 @entity1 with urinary-tract infections, 19 developed a negative culture during therapy. A single 4-g intramuscular dose of @entity8900 was effective in only 2 of 11 @entity1 with @entity2954 or endocervicitis. Two @entity1 with @entity2954 treated with multiple injections were cured. The drug was well tolerated except for @entity158 at the site of injection in 14 @entity1 and @entity3527 in 4 @entity1 . No @entity8 could be attributed to @entity8900 . In addition, no abnormalities were found in the renal tubules of @entity95 challenged with 500 mg of @entity8900 /kg. If further studies document that @entity8900 is well tolerated by the parenteral route, it may have advantages over @entity5821 or @entity8899 .

title: Evaluation of a new cephalosporin antibiotic, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2954 :: ('MESH:D006069', 'Disease') :: ['gonococcal urethritis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in renal or hepatic function']

entities_list: @entity8900 :: ('MESH:D002514', 'Chemical') :: ['Cephapirin', 'cephapirin', 'Cephapirin sodium']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Pseudomonas']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity5609 :: ('584', 'Species') :: ['Proteus mirabilis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity5821 :: ('MESH:D002512', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalothin']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['Klebsiella']

entities_list: @entity8899 :: ('MESH:D002509', 'Chemical') :: ['cephaloridine']

entities_list: @entity3527 :: ('MESH:D010689', 'Disease') :: ['phlebitis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity69290 :: ('CHEBI:23064', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporanic acid']

answer: @entity8900 :: (MESH:D002514,Chemical) :: ['cephapirin']


abstract: Walking is generated by the interaction between neural rhythmic and physical activities. In fact, @entity191 ( @entity191 ), which is an example of disease, causes not only @entity2167 but also @entity717 . However, the relationship between @entity2167 and @entity717 has not been determined. The aim of this study was to identify the mechanism of gait rhythm generation. In former research, @entity2167 in @entity191 @entity1 ' walking were characterized by stride intervals, which are more variable and fluctuate randomly. The variability and fluctuation property were quantified using the coefficient of variation (CV) and scaling exponent a. Conversely, because walking is a dynamic process, @entity74 ( @entity74 ) is considered the best way to estimate @entity717 in walking. Therefore, we classified the severity of @entity74 using CV and a. Specifically, @entity191 @entity1 and healthy elderly were classified into three groups: no- @entity74 , mild- @entity74 , and obvious- @entity74 . We compared the contributions of CV and a to the accuracy of this classification. In this study, 45 @entity191 @entity1 and 17 healthy elderly @entity1 walked 200 m. The severity of @entity74 was determined using the modified Hoehn-Yahr scale (mH-Y). @entity1 with mH-Y scores of 2.5 and 3 had mild- @entity74 and obvious- @entity74 , respectively. As a result, CV differentiated no- @entity74 from @entity74 , indicating the correlation between CV and @entity74 . Considering that @entity74 is independent of neural rhythm generation, this result suggests the existence of feedback process from physical activities to neural rhythmic activities. Moreover, a differentiated obvious- @entity74 from mild- @entity74 . Considering a reflects the intensity of interaction between factors, this result suggests the change of the interaction. Therefore, the interaction between neural rhythmic and physical activities is thought to plays an important role for gait rhythm generation. These characteristics have potential to evaluate the symptoms of @entity191 .

title: Relationship between @entity2167 and @entity717 in @entity191 XXXX ' walking.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['neural rhythm generation disorders']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['postural reflex disorder', 'PRD']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['physical disabilities']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Seventeen @entity235 were trained in a three-choice auditory spatial delayed response task, guided by auditory stimulus, at a 10 s delay to a criterion of 90% correct responses in 90 consecutive trials. Four @entity235 then received bilateral anterior @entity75 ( @entity1129 ), 6 @entity235 received hippocampal lesions (H), and 7 @entity235 served as controls ( @entity20844 reached postoperative criterion immediately while groups @entity1129 and H needed additional training. When subsequently tested at longer delays and with distractions, the group H animals performed more poorly than either the @entity1129 or C animals. Further, the group H @entity235 were again impaired when they retrained at a 10 s delay. In the second phase, the group H and @entity1129 animals received a second lesion forming a group (HAT) with bilateral lesions to both the hippocampus and the anterior temporal lobe. Unexpectedly, @entity235 from group HAT were unimpaired in either postoperative retraining or during performance task and distractions. The results emphasize the importance of the hippocampus in spatial delayed response with an acoustic cue. Effect of combined lesions after extensive training is discussed. Data might support the view, that the hippocampus plays time limited role in memory storage.

title: Effects of the anterior XXXX , separate or combined with hippocampal damage, on spatial delayed responses guided by auditory stimulus.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe lesions']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe lesions']