abstract: This study was conducted to determine the incidence of wound complications after laparotomy for @entity1204 and significant predictors of risks. Medical records of @entity1 with @entity1204 undergoing laparotomy for surgical staging at Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University between January 2007 and December 2013 were reviewed. Intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis was routinely given 30 minutes before surgery. The primary endpoint was wound complications (including seroma, @entity1410 , @entity281 ) requiring additional medical and/or surgical management within 4 weeks of laparotomy. During the study period, 357 @entity1 with complete medical records were reviewed. The mean age was 56.9 years. Wound complications were observed in 28 @entity1 (7.84%, 95% CI, 5.27% to 11.14%). Body mass index (BMI) >=  30 kg/m2, @entity6 ( @entity6 ), and prior abdominal surgery were observed as significant independent factors predicting an increased risk of wound complications with adjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) of 2.96 (1.23-7.16), 2.43 (1.06-5.54), and 3.05 (1.03-8.98), respectively. In conclusion, the incidence of wound complications after laparotomy for @entity1204 was 7.8%. Significant independent predictors of risk included BMI, @entity6 and prior abdominal surgery.

title: Wound Complications after Laparotomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['separation, or infection']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['Endometrial Cancer']


abstract: The effect of the synthetic pineal peptide @entity47366 ( @entity47366 ) on proliferative activity in @entity694 , and in mucosal epithelial cells adjacent to and located far from @entity5 was studied in @entity35 . To evaluate the effect of @entity47366 on different stages of @entity105 , different treatment regimens were used: during the @entity5 initiation stage, during the @entity5 stage, or during the entire process of @entity5 development. Eighty 2-month-old male LIO @entity35 were exposed weekly to five subcutaneous injections of @entity8708 ( @entity18399 ) at a single dose of 21 mg/kg body weight. @entity35 were divided into four groups. Control @entity35 (group 1) received saline at a dose of 0.1 ml during the entire experiment. @entity35 in group 2 were treated with @entity47366 at a dose of 1 micro g, five times a week, for 6 months, from the first injection of @entity18399 till the end of the experiment. @entity35 in group 3 were treated with @entity47366 after termination of the carcinogen injections. @entity35 in group 4 were treated with @entity47366 only during the period of @entity18399 exposure (for the first 5 weeks of the experiment). @entity18399 induced proliferation of the secretory epithelium, and this phenomenon was accompanied by a decrease in the size of the stromal area and the area of lymph infiltration in @entity694 and in the colon mucosa adjacent to the @entity5 (group 1). @entity47366 attenuated this effect, especially when the treatment was continued throughout the experiment (group 2). It increased the stromal areas, as well as that of lymphoid infiltration in the colon mucosa adjacent to the @entity5 . The intensity of lymphoid infiltration was activated in both the colon mucosa adjacent to a @entity5 and in the @entity5 . Mitotic activity of @entity5 cells was significantly inhibited by @entity47366 when the treatment was given throughout the experiment (group 2). In parallel, a high level of apoptosis was seen in the same group. Thus, the strongest inhibitory effect of @entity47366 on @entity105 in the colon mucosa was manifested when the treatment was continued throughout the experiment.

title: @entity47366 and @entity694 in @entity35 : proliferative activity and apoptosis in XXXX and mucosa.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumor-promotion', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity47366 :: ('MESH:C421253', 'Chemical') :: ['Epitalon', 'Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly']

entities_list: @entity8708 :: ('MESH:D019813', 'Chemical') :: ['1,2-dimethylhydrazine']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon tumors']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity1702 ( @entity1702 ) have been used for the palliative treatment of malignant @entity1084 ( @entity1084 ). The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of salvage @entity1702 for stent malfunction and to identify the prognostic factors for a longer patency. METHODS: A total of 108 @entity1 who underwent a secondary salvage @entity1702 placement for a primary stent malfunction were retrospectively reviewed at the Seoul National University Hospital between August 2004 and May 2013. The duration of patency for salvage @entity1702 was defined as the time between salvage @entity1702 placement and the recurrence of obstructive symptoms that were confirmed either endoscopically or radiologically. RESULTS: The technical and clinical success rates for salvage @entity1702 were 100 and 82.4  % (95  % confidence interval [CI] 74.0-89.0), respectively. A salvage @entity1702 malfunction occurred in 29 (26.9  %) of the 108 @entity1 . The median duration of patency for salvage @entity1702 was 59.5  days (range 3-928, 95  % CI 73.7-118.3). Longer @entity1702 patencies of more than 60  days were significantly associated with palliative chemotherapy (odds ratio  =  2.539, 95  % CI 1.031-6.252, p  =  .043). For salvage @entity1702 , covered-uncovered stents had a longer patency duration, as compared with other combinations of primary and salvage stent types. CONCLUSIONS: Longer patency durations for salvage @entity1702 were associated with palliative chemotherapy after salvage @entity1702 insertion. Salvage @entity1702 could be a feasible and effective treatment for primary stent malfunction in malignant @entity1084 .

title: Clinical outcomes of re-stenting in @entity1 with stent malfunction in malignant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1084 :: ('MESH:D017219', 'Disease') :: ['gastric outlet obstruction', 'GOO']

entities_list: @entity1702 :: ('MESH:D013651', 'Disease') :: ['SEMS', 'Self-expanding metal stents']

answer: @entity1084 :: (MESH:D017219,Disease) :: ['gastric outlet obstruction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A @entity716 may be sufficiently traumatic to induce symptoms of @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ), which could impact outcomes in @entity716 ( @entity716 ). The objectives of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to estimate the prevalence of @entity1005 symptoms in relation to @entity716 in @entity716 and to identify risk factors for the development of @entity1005 symptoms. METHODS: We searched electronic databases and conducted manual searching of reference lists and tables of contents to identify relevant studies. Quantitative studies were included if the population was experiencing @entity716 and if @entity1005 was measured in relation to @entity716 . Prevalence of @entity1005 symptoms and diagnoses were meta-analyzed using a random effects model. Potential risk factors for @entity1005 symptoms were summarized qualitatively. RESULTS: Thirteen studies were included. Eight studies assessed @entity1005 symptoms, three studies assessed full @entity1005 , and two studies assessed both. The pooled prevalence of @entity1005 symptoms was 42% (95% CI 30%-55%), and the pooled prevalence of a @entity1005 diagnosis was 30% (95% CI 21%-40%). Exploratory subgroup analyses suggest that prevalence may be higher in affective @entity716 and inpatient samples. Evidence from included studies implicate @entity308 and @entity148 as potential risk factors for @entity1005 symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately one in two @entity1 experience @entity1005 symptoms and one in three experience full @entity1005 following a first @entity716 . Evidence-based interventions to treat @entity1005 symptoms in the context of @entity716 are needed to address this burden and improve outcomes after the first @entity716 . Further studies are needed to clarify the associated risk factors.

title: The traumatic experience of XXXX : A systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['FEP', 'psychotic episode', 'first-episode psychosis', 'psychosis']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['first-episode psychosis']


abstract: @entity13088 ( @entity13088 ) is characterized by @entity299 and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Oxidative stress is suggested to be the major contributor to the development of @entity13088 . This study was intended to evaluate the protective effect of low molecular weight fucoidan (LMWF) against @entity299 in @entity6 @entity35 . Type 2 @entity6 @entity35 were untreated or treated with LMWF (50 and 100   mg/kg/day) for three months. The establishment of @entity13088 model and the effects of LMWF on cardiac function were evaluated by echocardiography and isolated heart perfusion. Ventricle staining with H-E or Sirius Red was performed to investigate the structural changes in myocardium. Functional evaluation demonstrated that LMWF has a beneficial effect on @entity13088 by enhancing myocardial contractility and mitigating @entity299 . Additionally, LMWF exerted significant inhibitory effects on the reactive @entity26 species production and myocyte apoptosis in @entity6 hearts. The depressed activity of @entity224 dismutase in @entity6 heart was also improved by intervention with LMWF. Moreover, LMWF robustly inhibited the enhanced expression of protein kinase C b, an important contributor to oxidative stress, in @entity6 heart and high @entity413 -treated cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, LMWF possesses a protective effect against @entity13088 through ameliorations of @entity20889 -mediated oxidative stress and subsequent cardiomyocyte apoptosis in @entity6 .

title: Low molecular weight fucoidan alleviates @entity299 in @entity6 XXXX by reducing oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic goto-kakizaki', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity13088 :: ('MESH:D058065', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic cardiomyopathy', 'DCM']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction', 'cardiac fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 5561 Background: PF is a potent, irreversible small molecule pan-HER @entity4149 kinase inhibitor (TKI) with pre-clinical antitumor activity against EGFRvIII-mutated cell lines and xenograft models resistant to reversible @entity470 TKIs. METHODS: Eligible @entity1 (pts) had untreated RM @entity213 with measurable disease and no prior anti- @entity470 therapy. Paired biopsies as feasible were done for biomarkers; plasma was collected for PK. PF is administered at 45 mg p.o. every day in 21-day cycles. Primary endpoint is objective response rate (ORR), assessed every 6 weeks by RECIST 1.1. A Simon 2-stage trial design with H0: ORR <=  5% and Ha: ORR >=  15% stipulated that >=  2 responses must be observed in first 23 evaluable pts to proceed to stage II, >=  6 responses in first 56 evaluable pts to meet primary objective. RESULTS: 69 pts are enrolled: median age 62 years (range: 40-82); M:F (%)= 88:12; ECOG 0:1:2 (%) = 30:64:6; prior radiation = 93%; prior chemotherapy = 46%; ex-smoker/current smoker = 86%. In 68 pts evaluable for @entity137 , treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) led to drug discontinuation in 7 (10%), dose reduction in 19 (28%) and interruption in 26 (38%). The most frequent grade 1 and 2 TRAEs were (% of pts): @entity294 (71%), @entity1909 (63%), dry skin (44%), @entity3136 (32%), @entity1295 (31%), @entity111 (28%) and hand-foot reaction (26%). Gr 3 TRAEs > 3% included: @entity294 (13%), @entity1295 (9%), @entity1909 (7%) and hand-foot reaction (4%). Among the first 56 evaluable pts, 6 pts (11%) achieved a partial response (median duration = 4.3 months); 35 pts (63%) had stable disease, of which 6 pts (11%) maintained disease stabilization >=  24 weeks. Data for all 69 pts at time of submission: median PFS = 2.8 months (95% C.I. 2.6-4.1 months), 6-month PFS =15% (95% C.I. 5-29%), and median survival = 7.6 months (95% C.I. 6.4-12 months). PK and biomarker analyses will be presented. CONCLUSIONS: Primary endpoint was met and @entity137 profile was manageable. Antitumor activity of PF is consistent with @entity470 TKIs, with ongoing molecular characterization of EGFRvIII mutations to evaluate potential as a biomarker of clinical activity.

title: Phase II trial of the irreversible oral pan- @entity1 EGF receptor (HER) inhibitor PF-00299804 (PF) as first-line treatment in recurrent and/or metastatic (RM) @entity213 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritis']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis acneiform']

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['SCCHN']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and treatment options of @entity1 with @entity401 ( @entity401 ) in @entity6558 and @entity6017 (PM/ @entity3918 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Sixty-three consecutive @entity1 with PM/ @entity3918 underwent standardized screening. @entity1 with @entity401 were monitored prospectively, and graded immunosuppression was administered according to the rate of clinical progression. RESULTS: @entity401 was diagnosed in 20 of 63 @entity1 (32%). Generally, the clinical and serologic findings of the anti-Jo1 syndrome were present. Follow-up evaluation disclosed either a progressive or a nonprogressive course. The 10 @entity1 with progressive @entity401 were distinguished from the nonprogressive group by extensive ground-glass opacities on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) neutrophilia. Intravenous pulse @entity786 prevented further progression in all 10 @entity1 and led to some functional improvement. In the 10 @entity1 without rapidly progressive @entity358 , immunosuppression of moderate intensity stabilized pulmonary findings during a median 35 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity401 in our @entity1 with PM/ @entity3918 was 32%; this emphasizes the need for pulmonary screening in all PM/ @entity3918 @entity1 . Progressive disease, featuring ground-glass opacities on HRCT and an inflammatory BAL cell profile, is amenable to intensive immunosuppression. Conversely, @entity1 who do not have these HRCT and BAL features appear to have a low risk of @entity358 . RELEVANCE: Because the treatment for @entity401 seems to depend on the rate of clinical progression, future therapeutic trials of @entity358 in PM/ @entity3918 should stratify @entity1 accordingly.

title: XXXX in @entity6558 and @entity6017 : clinical course and response to treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6017 :: ('MESH:D003882', 'Disease') :: ['dermatomyositis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease', 'pulmonary deterioration']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['ILD', 'interstitial lung disease']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['polymyositis']

answer: @entity401 :: (MESH:D017563,Disease) :: ['Interstitial lung disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The finding of a reliable and abundant source of stem cells for the replacement of missing neurons in nervous @entity262 requires extensive characterization of neural-differentiation-associated markers in stem cells from various sources. Chorion-derived stem cells from the @entity1 placenta have recently been described as an abundant, ethically acceptable, and easily accessible source of cells that are not limited in the same way as bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We have isolated and cultured chorion MSCs (C-MSCs) and compared their proliferative capacity, multipotency, and neural differentiation ability with BM-MSCs. C-MSCs showed a higher proliferative capacity compared with BM-MSCs. The expression and histone modification of @entity15155 , as a marker for neural stem/progenitor cells, was evaluated quantitatively between the two groups. The @entity15155 expression level in C-MSCs was significantly higher than that in BM-MSCs. Notably, modifications of lys9, lys4, and lys27 of histone H3 agreed with the remarkable higher expression of @entity15155 in C-MSCs than in BM-MSCs. Furthermore, after neural differentiation of MSCs upon @entity1968 induction, both immunocytochemical and flow cytometry analyses demonstrated that the expression of neural marker genes was significantly higher in neural-induced C-MSCs compared with BM-MSCs. Mature neuron marker genes were also expressed at a significantly higher level in C-MSCs than in BM-MSCs. Thus, C-MSCs have a greater potential than BM-MSCs for differentiation to neural cell lineages and can be regarded as a promising source of stem cells for the cell therapy of @entity16 .

title: Comparative analysis of neural differentiation potential in XXXX mesenchymal stem cells derived from chorion and adult bone marrow.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['system diseases']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The causes of @entity772 and @entity204 in @entity6197 remain unknown. @entity989 has been identified as an important clinical sign in the diagnosis and prognosis of @entity6197 . As part of a larger autopsy study to determine causes of @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity772 presenting to hospital in Blantyre, Malawi, who were fully evaluated clinically prior to @entity204 , we examined the histopathology of eyes of @entity1 who died and underwent autopsy. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: @entity1 with @entity772 were admitted to the pediatric research ward, classified according to clinical definitions as having @entity6197 or another cause of @entity772 , evaluated and treated. The eyes were examined by direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy. If a @entity1 died and permission was given, a standardized autopsy was carried out. The @entity1 was then assigned an actual cause of @entity204 according to the autopsy findings. The eyes were examined pathologically for @entity548 , @entity1103 , parasite sequestration and thrombi. They were stained immunohistochemically for fibrin and @entity1428 to identify the components of thrombi, beta-amyloid precursor protein to detect axonal damage, for fibrinogen to identify vascular leakage and for glial fibrillary acidic protein to detect @entity5219 . Sixty-four eyes from 64 @entity1 were examined: 35 with @entity6197 and 29 with @entity772 of other causes. @entity6197 was distinguished by sequestration of parasitized erythrocytes, the presence and severity of @entity5861 , the presence of @entity1103 , the occurrence and number of fibrin-platelet thrombi, the presence and amount of @entity21 . CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We found significant differences in retinal histopathology between @entity1 who died of @entity6197 and those with other diagnoses. These histopathological findings offer insights into the etiology of @entity989 and provide a pathological basis for recently described retinal capillary non-perfusion in @entity1 with @entity989 . Because of the similarities between the retina and the brain it also suggests mechanisms that may contribute to @entity772 and @entity204 in @entity6197 .

title: Retinal pathology of XXXX in Malawi.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['cystoid macular edema']

entities_list: @entity6197 :: ('MESH:D016779', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral malaria', 'Cerebral malaria']

entities_list: @entity5861 :: ('MESH:D012166', 'Disease') :: ['retinal hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['malarial retinopathy', 'Malarial retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['axonal damage and vascular leakage']

answer: @entity6197 :: (MESH:D016779,Disease) :: ['pediatric cerebral malaria']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2727 ( @entity7541 ) is one of the most commonly prescribed psychostimulants for @entity71 ( @entity71 ). However, there is limited research on its effects on lower urinary tract function. This study investigated changes in cystometric parameters after intragastric administration of @entity7541 in conscious spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHRs), an animal model of @entity71 . METHODS: Fourteen- to 16-week-old male SHRs (n=10), weighing between 280 and 315 g, were used. Three micturition cycles were recorded before administering @entity7541 . One hour after each intragastric @entity7541 injection, three cycles of cystometrogram were obtained in the awake condition. Various cystometric parameters were evaluated, including basal pressure (BP), maximal pressure (MP), threshold pressure (TP), bladder capacity (BC), micturition volume (MV), @entity1163 ( @entity1163 ), and residual volume (RV). The data were analyzed using paired Student t-tests. RESULTS: Five SHRs were each administered a dose of 3-mg/kg @entity7541 , and the other five received a dose of 6-mg/kg @entity7541 . BP and MP increased significantly in the @entity35 that received the 3-mg/kg @entity7541 injection, but not in those that received the 6-mg/kg injection. BC, MV, and @entity1163 significantly increased in the @entity35 that received the 6-mg/kg @entity7541 injection, but not in those that received the 3-mg/kg injection. There were no significant changes in TP after either injection. CONCLUSIONS: Significant increases in BC, MV, and @entity1163 after the 6-mg/kg @entity7541 injection suggest that the peripheral and the central nervous systems may play important roles in bladder function in those receiving @entity7541 for @entity71 .

title: Does @entity2727 Affect Cystometric Parameters in Spontaneously @entity101 XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['MI', 'micturition interval']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylphenidate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: @entity1 with obstructing @entity5 are ineligible for preoperative chemotherapy and radiation unless they undergo surgical diversion. Endoscopic laser therapy (ELT) may provide an alternative to colostomy for these @entity1 . We retrospectively reviewed all @entity1 with distal sigmoid and @entity189 who underwent ELT from January 1988 through April 1990. The majority of @entity1 were referred for palliation of @entity1442 . Thirty-seven @entity1 underwent 123 ELT sessions (median, 2.5; range, one to 18). In 84% of @entity1 , patency was maintained during a median follow-up of 31.5 weeks (range, one to 123). Morbidity and mortality were 2.5% (3/123) and 5% (1/37), respectively. Sixty-two percent had radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and/or surgery concurrent with ELT. Endoscopic laser therapy can safely and effectively reestablish and maintain luminal patency in @entity1 with obstructing @entity5 . In addition, ELT can enable the administration of preoperative adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

title: Endoscopic laser recanalization is effective for prevention and treatment of obstruction in sigmoid and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['distal cancers', 'cancers']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: Aging is associated with signs of @entity1109 and @entity16 . Advancing age is characterized by increased thresholds of thermal, tactile and vibratory sensations. One important cause of the @entity132 has been stated to be the loss of neurons. Decreases have been observed in the number of peripheral nerve fibers and in the number of neurons in the spinal ganglia of @entity35 . In the present study, the cytoplasmic organelles of the neurons of the trigeminal ganglia were examined in young and senescent @entity35 in order to reveal the cause of cell loss during aging. Mitochondrial alterations, swelling and loss of internal cristae were observed from 23 week of age in the B-type neurons of the trigeminal ganglia. Other cytoplasmic elements were intact. @entity2383 was never seen in A-type neurons and satellite glial cells. It was concluded that the ultrastructural changes in the mitochondria of the B-type cells may contribute to the nervous disturbances that occur in senescent individuals. The diminution of @entity2383 and the protection of B-type neurons through the use of nerve growth factors may prevent the @entity1109 late in life.

title: Age-related XXXX in the B-type cells of the @entity35 trigeminal ganglia.

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['sensory disturbances']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['sensory impairment']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial damage', 'Mitochondrial damage']

answer: @entity2383 :: (MESH:D028361,Disease) :: ['mitochondrial damage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The activation of the clotting-fibrinolytic system in @entity5 @entity1 is common and represents an unfavorable clinical sign. @entity4620 ( @entity4620 ) is a sensitive marker of fibrinolysis. METHODS: The current study comprised 826 new @entity2 @entity1 seen consecutively in a single institution over a 10-year period (1992-2001). For each @entity1 , 31 variables, including @entity4620 and survival duration, were available for analysis. RESULTS: Only weak relationships between @entity4620 and the other variables were found. The @entity4620 variable correlated best with the level of @entity880 dehydrogenase, performance status, tissue polypeptide antigen, stage of disease, and the number of @entity3 (rho = 0.33, -0.25, 0.18, 0.18, and 0.15, respectively). The @entity4620 distinguished @entity1 with different prognoses. The median survival periods were 154 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 122-189 days) and 308 days (95% CI, 227-409 days; log rank statistic, 26.56; P < 0.01), respectively, for abnormally elevated and normal values. The difference was greater in @entity1 with @entity420 and in @entity1 presenting with a less @entity1442 , especially in @entity1 with pathologic Stage Ia disease. The best multivariate survival model selected 10 significant covariates, including @entity4620 . CONCLUSIONS: The authors recommend measuring the plasma level of @entity4620 in all new @entity2 @entity1 . This measurement may help to formulate individual prognoses and can be used to indicate adjuvant treatment for surgical @entity1 .

title: Plasma levels of XXXX in @entity2 : clinical and prognostic significance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity4620 :: (MESH:D003699,Disease) :: ['D-dimer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The primary goal of this study was to evaluate alternative tympanometric parameters for distinguishing normal middle ears from ears with @entity8719 . A secondary goal was to provide guidelines and normative data for interpreting multifrequency tympanometry obtained using the Virtual 310 immittance system. DESIGN: Nine tympanometric measures were examined in 68 normal ears and 14 ears with surgically confirmed @entity8719 . No subjects in either group had a history of @entity542 or otoscopic evidence of @entity854 . Two parameters, static admittance and tympanometric width, were derived from standard low-frequency tympanometry and two parameters, resonant frequency and frequency corresponding to admittance phase angle of 45 degrees (F45 degrees), were derived from multifrequency tympanometry. RESULTS: Differences between normal and @entity2169 were statistically significant only for resonant frequency and F45 degrees. Group differences in resonant frequency were larger when estimated using positive tail, rather than negative tail, compensation. Group differences in both resonant frequency and F45 degrees were larger when estimated from sweep frequency (SF), rather than sweep pressure, tympanograms. Test performance analysis and patterns of individual test performance point to two independent signs of @entity8719 in the @entity1 group; 1) an increase in the stiffness of the middle ear, best indexed by F45 degrees derived from SF recordings, and 2) a change in the dynamic response of the tympanic membrane/middle ear system to changes in ear canal pressure, best indexed by tympanometric width. Most @entity1 were correctly identified by only one of these two signs. Thus, optimal test performance was achieved by combining F45 degrees derived from SF recordings and tympanometric width. CONCLUSIONS: The findings confirm the advantage of multifrequency tympanometry over standard low-frequency tympanometry in differentiating otosclerotic and normal ears. Recommendations for interpreting resonant frequency and F45 degrees measures obtained using the Virtual Immittance system are also provided. In addition, the relationship among different tympanometric measures suggests a general strategy for combining tympanometric measures to improve the identification of @entity8719 .

title: Standard and multifrequency tympanometry in normal and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8719 :: ('MESH:D010040', 'Disease') :: ['otosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['eardrum abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2169 :: ('MESH:D004427', 'Disease') :: ['otosclerotic ears']

answer: @entity2169 :: (MESH:D004427,Disease) :: ['otosclerotic ears']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Mutations in the lysosomal @entity15675 ( @entity15675 ) gene increase the risk of @entity191 ( @entity191 ). We determined the frequency and relative risk of major @entity15675 mutations in a large series of Italian @entity1 with primary @entity304 . METHODS: We studied 2766 unrelated consecutive @entity1 with clinical diagnosis of @entity191 (including 2350 @entity191 ), and 1111 controls. The entire cohort was screened for mutations in @entity15675 exons 9 and 10, covering approximately 70% of mutations, including the two most frequent defects, @entity10727 and @entity10726 . RESULTS: Four known mutations were identified in heterozygous state: 3 missense mutations ( @entity10727 , @entity10726 , and @entity52890 ), and the splicing mutation @entity68135 , which results in the in-frame exon-10 skipping. Molecular characterization of 2 additional rare variants, potentially interfering with splicing, suggested a neutral effect. @entity15675 mutations were more frequent in @entity191 (4.5%, RR  =  7.2, CI  =  3.3-15.3) and in @entity1832 ( @entity1832 ) (13.8%, RR  =  21.9, CI  =  6.8-70.7) than in controls (0.63%). but not in the other forms of @entity304 such as @entity7463 ( @entity7463 , 2%), and Corticobasal Degeneration (CBD, 0%). Considering only the @entity191 group, @entity15675 -carriers were younger at onset (52      10 vs. 57      10 years, P  <  0.0001) and were more likely to have a positive family history of @entity191 (34% vs. 20%, P  <  0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity15675 dysfunction is relevant for synucleinopathies, such as @entity191 and @entity1832 , except for MSA, in which pathology involves oligodendrocytes, and the @entity7463 and CBD. The risk of developing @entity1832 is three-fold higher than @entity191 , suggesting a more @entity146 phenotype.

title: XXXX mutations in primary @entity304 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity15675 :: ('2629', 'Gene') :: ['GBA', 'glucocerebrosidase']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['primary degenerative parkinsonism', "Parkinson's Disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity1832 :: ('MESH:D020961', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia with Lewy Bodies', 'DLB']

entities_list: @entity7463 :: ('MESH:D013494', 'Disease') :: ['PSP', 'Progressive Supranuclear Palsy', 'tauopathies PSP']

answer: @entity15675 :: (2629,Gene) :: ['Glucocerebrosidase']


abstract: Fourteen @entity2275 @entity1 were submitted to treatment with @entity4444 . They were endoscopically controlled before the beginning of treatment and at the third and sixth week. In the first phase of the investigation, @entity4444 was given in a dosage of 1.0 g/day. At the end of the 3rd week, those @entity1 who showed a reduction of less than 50% on the size of the @entity1066 had the @entity4444 doses increased to 1.6 g/day. The second phase started with nine @entity1 which healed at the end of the six weeks. These @entity1 were randomly allocated to two groups in a double blind trial involving @entity4444 (600 mg/day) or placebo for 12 weeks. At the end of this period, the @entity1 were submitted to an endoscopic control. Two @entity1 in the placebo group had a recurrence of their @entity1066 . This did not happen to any of the @entity1 taking @entity4444 . Two and a half months after stopping their maintenance treatment, two @entity1 of the @entity4444 group had a recurrence of their lesions.

title: [ @entity4444 in the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine', 'Cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcer']

answer: @entity2275 :: (MESH:D013276,Disease) :: ['gastric ulcer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The right-to-left shunt at the atrial level is responsible for @entity519 in @entity1 with @entity118 . OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the mechanism of @entity519 in @entity1 with @entity118 by measuring the @entity4095 in both the right and left upper pulmonary veins. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: We prospectively measured the @entity4095 in the femoral artery and the right and left upper pulmonary veins during cardiac catheterization in 13 adults (median age, 53 years) and 7 @entity1 (median age, 7 years) with secundum @entity118 . The adults and @entity1 were studied consecutively. Contrast echocardiography was performed to evaluate right-to-left shunt in all adults. RESULTS: Among the @entity1 , there were no @entity1 showing @entity519 , and there was no difference in the @entity4095 (+/-SD) between the right and left upper pulmonary veins (right, 100+/-3.8 mm Hg vs left, 100+/-7.8 mm Hg; p = 0.92). However, @entity519 was present in 11 of the 13 adult @entity1 , although contrast echocardiography showed more than a moderate degree of right-to-left shunt in only four adults. The @entity4095 was lower in the left upper pulmonary vein than it was in the right upper pulmonary vein in all adult @entity1 (right, 91.6+/-13.8 mm Hg vs left, 73.0+/-11.5 mm Hg; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The @entity4095 was lower in the left upper pulmonary vein than it was in the right upper pulmonary vein in adults with @entity118 . Care must be taken in measuring pulmonary blood flow if the @entity4095 in the left upper pulmonary vein is low enough to influence @entity26 content. The decreased @entity4095 in the left upper pulmonary vein may contribute to @entity519 in addition to right-to-left shunt at the atrial level in adults with @entity118 .

title: Partial pressure of XXXX is lower in the left upper pulmonary vein than in the right in adults with @entity118 : difference in @entity4095 between the right and left pulmonary veins.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['arterial hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The impact of wiping in laser skin resurfacing has not been systematically studied. METHODS: We examined the effects of wiping during single- and multiple-pass high energy pulsed @entity515 laser skin resurfacing in a farm @entity1707 . Consequences of wiping were evaluated with regard to depth of residual thermal damage, tissue @entity39 , and @entity3385 . Also, the impact of wiping on gross wound healing was observed. Wounds were followed for 21 days and biopsies were obtained on postoperative days 0, 1, and 21. RESULTS: Immediate postoperative biopsies of single-pass wounds showed equivalent residual thermal damage regardless of wiping; in contrast, biopsies from multiple-pass sites without wiping showed more extensive and variable residual thermal damage than wiped sites. On postoperative day one, single pass sites without wiping were grossly less erythematous than wiped sites, and biopsies showed less extensive @entity39 and @entity32 . In contrast, multiple pass sites without wiping were grossly more erythematous than corresponding wiped sites, and biopsies revealed significantly increased and variable @entity39 . After 21 days, multiple pass sites without wiping were grossly more erythematous and showed a thicker band of @entity3385 microscopy. CONCLUSIONS: For single pass wounds, not wiping decreased the level of wounding. In contrast, not wiping in multiple pass wounds significantly increased the depth and variability of residual thermal damage and @entity39 , resulting in prolonged healing.

title: The effect of wiping on skin resurfacing in a @entity1707 model using a high energy pulsed XXXX laser system.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3385 :: ('MESH:D012178', 'Disease') :: ['fibroplasia']

answer: @entity515 :: (CHEBI:29334,Chemical) :: ['CO2']


abstract: The molecular mechanisms underlying @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) development and progression are still not completely understood. The importance of @entity844 binding proteins (FABP) for the progression of @entity189 has been shown for several @entity5 . However, the importance of brain-type FABP ( @entity4852 ) in cell-biological processes in @entity703 cells is unknown. Therefore, it was the aim of this study to evaluate the role of @entity4852 in processes such as proliferation, migration and invasion. By using the approach of down- and up-regulation of @entity4852 in @entity1 @entity703 cells Caki  -2 and Caki  -1, the potential participation of @entity4852 in proliferation, migration and invasion was demonstrated. @entity4852 was down-regulated at both mRNA and protein levels following treatment of Caki  -2 cells with @entity4852 siRNA. Down-regulation of @entity4852 decreased cell proliferation and migration but did not affect invasion. The transfection of @entity1 cells with @entity1 @entity4852 cDNA generated an increment of @entity4852 mRNA but the protein was not detectable. Transfected @entity1 cells developed a faster proliferation compared to untreated cells. An effect on the process of invasion was not observed. Our data suggest that @entity4852 is involved in cell proliferation and migration of @entity1 @entity703 cells. The detailed molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated.

title: Importance of brain  -type XXXX binding protein for cell-biological processes in @entity1 @entity703 cells.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal carcinoma', 'kidney carcinoma']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) have recently become very popular particularly among the younger generation. These @entity1239 delivery devices are viewed as a preferable alternative to more conventional forms of @entity286 use and are thought to reduce the risk of @entity1030 , the third leading cause of @entity204 worldwide. However, there is very little data available on the consequences of e-cig use, though recently @entity1239 -independent inflammatory responses have been reported. The genetic model organism @entity2199 is a soil @entity2199 whose cell biology is remarkably well conserved with mammals. Here, we used @entity2199 to test the physiologic effects of e-liquids used to refill e-cigs. METHODS: Larval worms were exposed from hatching onwards to low concentrations (0.2  %) of e-liquids, distilled e-liquid vapor, @entity2771 (PG), or M9 buffer as a negative control. E-liquids tested included grape, menthol, and V2 Red "classic @entity286 " flavors. @entity1239 (48  ppm) was tested as a second level variable. Stereotypical physiological outputs were then measured, including developmental rate, fecundity, locomotion, lifespan, and the induction of canonical stress signaling pathways. RESULTS: A small but significant @entity73 and brood size was observed for PG and V2 Red treated worms compared to the negative control. Worms treated with e-liquids containing @entity1239 fared significantly worse than those that did not, but vaporization did not increase @entity137 . Finally, both PG and V2 Red e-liquid induced an oxidative stress response in the absence of @entity1239 . CONCLUSIONS: PG exposure is sufficient to induce an oxidative stress response in @entity2199 , while @entity1239 is not. Both PG and @entity1239 independently influence physiologic measures of health and viability. The e-liquid flavorings did not significantly impact outcomes and there was no evidence for vaporization altering @entity137 . These data suggest that the major physiologically significant component of e-liquids besides @entity1239 is likely the common solvent PG. We conclude that @entity2199 are an appropriate model to rapidly assess parameters that may contribute to the basic cell biological effects of e-cigs.

title: A XXXX model of electronic cigarette use: Physiological effects of e-liquids in @entity2199 .

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['nematode', 'nematodes', 'C. elegans', 'Caenorhabditis elegans']

entities_list: @entity2771 :: ('MESH:D019946', 'Chemical') :: ['propylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of developmental rate']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine', 'nicotine']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['C. elegans']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The development of intrahepatic @entity1125 (IBC) after Kasai operation in @entity1 with @entity2876 ( @entity2876 ) is recognized as an important problem; however, management strategy for IBC has not been clarified, particularly in the light of the increased use of liver transplantation. METHODS: Forty consecutive @entity2876 @entity1 underwent hepatic portoenterostomy during 18 years from 1983 to 2000. We compared the clinical course and prognosis of the @entity1 who developed IBC with those who did not. RESULTS: Seven of the 40 @entity1 developed IBC. Three @entity1 had type A (non-communicating cyst) and three @entity1 had type C ( @entity384 ) IBC, and the remaining @entity1 had type B (communicating cyst). Of the 7 @entity1 , one @entity1 underwent successful internal intestinal drainage, and one @entity1 died of complications at the time of internal intestinal drainage. Three @entity1 underwent liver transplantation due to either @entity7185 (one case) or @entity1578 (two cases). One @entity1 with IBC with @entity1578 was judged to require transplant, but was found to have @entity120 and was thus not a candidate. The remaining @entity1 has survived without @entity1087 for 21 months postoperatively. Two of 21 @entity1 with good initial bile drainage and without IBC underwent liver transplantation. The percentage of @entity1 undergoing transplant was significantly higher in the group with IBC than in the group without IBC (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: IBC was associated with worsening liver function. Previously, IBC was treated using internal/external drainage, or the @entity1 were observed without treatment, with limited success. We now consider it reasonable to carry out liver transplantation in @entity1 with long-standing IBC.

title: Intrahepatic @entity1125 in XXXX in the era of liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['multiple cystic dilation']

entities_list: @entity7185 :: ('MESH:D020065', 'Disease') :: ['hepato-pulmonary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['BA', 'biliary atresia']

entities_list: @entity1125 :: ('MESH:D001661', 'Disease') :: ['biliary cysts']

answer: @entity2876 :: (MESH:D001656,Disease) :: ['biliary atresia']


abstract: The exercise pressor reflex is a neural control mechanism responsible for the cardiovascular responses to exercise. As exercise is initiated, thin fiber muscle afferent nerves are activated by mechanical and metabolic stimuli arising in the contracting muscles. This leads to reflex increases in arterial blood pressure and heart rate primarily through activation of sympathetic nerve activity (SNA). Studies of @entity1 and animals have indicated that the exercise pressor reflex is exaggerated in a number of @entity65 . For the last several years, a series of studies have employed a rodent model to examine the mechanisms at receptor and cellular levels by which responses of SNA and blood pressure to static exercise are heightened in @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ), one of the most common @entity65 . Specifically, femoral @entity432 is used to study intermittent claudication that is observed in @entity1 @entity3657 . Our studies have demonstrated that the receptors on thin fiber muscle afferents including @entity13812 ( @entity13812 ), purinergic @entity9894 and acid sensing ion channel subtype 3 ( @entity59909 ) are engaged in augmented autonomic responses this disease. This review will present some of recent results in regard with several receptors in muscle sensory neurons in contribution to augmented autonomic responses in @entity3657 . We will emphasize the role played by @entity4150 ( @entity4150 ) in regulating those sensory receptors in the processing of amplified exercise pressor reflex. Also, we will discuss the role played by @entity519 -inducible facor-1a regarding the enhanced autonomic reflex with femoral @entity432 . The purpose of this review is to focus on a theme namely that @entity3657 accentuates reflexively autonomic responses to exercise and further address regulatory mechanisms leading to abnormal autonomic responsiveness.

title: @entity4150 , Muscle Afferent Receptors and Autonomic Responsiveness with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral artery disease', 'PAD']

entities_list: @entity4150 :: ('4803', 'Gene') :: ['nerve growth factor', 'NGF']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disorders', 'cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity13812 :: ('7442', 'Gene') :: ['TRPV1', 'transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['Femoral Artery Occlusion']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Regular and accurate monitoring of blood @entity815 ( @entity815 ) and @entity669 (Tyr) levels is prerequisite for a successful management of @entity1 with @entity814 ( @entity814 ). We aimed to compare the tandem mass spectrometry ( @entity15 / @entity15 ) and the @entity535 analyzer (AAA) as methods to measure blood @entity815 and Tyr levels and @entity815 /Tyr ratio. METHODS: Venous blood samples were collected for the AAA analysis, using Pinnacle PCX (Pickering Laboratories), with HPLC Series 1200 (Agilent). Capillary blood was spotted directly on filter paper (Whatman 903) for the @entity15 / @entity15 analysis, using 3200 QTrap AB SCIEX and Perkin Elmer Series 200 HPLC system. The Bland-Altman test was used to compare agreement between the methods and Pearson correlation coefficient to assess the association between the methods. RESULTS: 207 pairs of measurements were performed. The @entity815 levels (range 0-2500 M) obtained by the @entity15 / @entity15 were on average 26.1% (SD 13.9%) lower compared to those obtained by the AAA. The Tyr levels by the @entity15 / @entity15 were on average 15.5% (SD 20.6%) lower. The @entity815 /Tyr ratio by the @entity15 / @entity15 was on average 10.6% (SD 15.9%) lower. The Pearson correlation coefficients for @entity815 (range 0-2500 M), Tyr and the @entity815 /Tyr ratio were 0.984 (p<0.001), 0.841 (p<0.001) and 0.987 (p<0.001) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: When monitoring blood @entity815 and Tyr levels in @entity1 with @entity814 , clinicians need to be informed about the method used. Due to the considerable inter-assay variability, a single method is preferable for long-term follow-up of @entity1 . When using @entity15 / @entity15 , on average 26% lower blood @entity815 levels were obtained as compared to the AAA. The guidelines and recommendations on @entity814 management should take into consideration the differences in laboratory methods.

title: Comparison of tandem mass spectrometry and @entity535 analyzer for XXXX and @entity669 monitoring-Implications for clinical management of @entity1 with @entity814 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity814 :: ('MESH:D010661', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphenylalaninemia', 'HPA']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['Phe', 'phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity815 :: (CHEBI:28044,Chemical) :: ['phenylalanine']


abstract: In order to evaluate the importance of gestational age and the dose-incidence relationship by gamma radiation, pregnant ICR @entity19 at gestational days from 2.5 to 15.5 days post-coitus (p.c.) were exposed to a single dose of 2.0 Gy and also at day 11.5 after conception, which was the most sensitive stage for the induction of major @entity600 . The animals were sacrificed on day 18 of gestation and the fetuses were examined for mortality, @entity851 , changes in head size and other @entity154 . The only demonstrable effect of irradiation during the pre-implantation period was an increase in prenatal mortality. Resorptions were maximal on exposure at day 2.5 after conception. The pre-implantation irradiated embryos which survived did not show any major @entity2241 . A small head, @entity851 , a @entity2419 , dilatation of the cerebral ventricle, a @entity8 , and @entity2526 and tail after exposure were prominent during the organogenesis period, especially on day 11.5 of gestation. As for the dose-incidence relationship, the incidence of a small head, @entity851 fetuses, a @entity2419 , dilatation of cerebral ventricle and @entity2526 in live fetuses rose as the radiation dose increased. The result indicated that the late period of organogenesis in the development of the brain, skull and extremities of a @entity19 was a particularly sensitive phase. The threshold doses of radiation that induced a @entity2419 and dilatation of the cerebral ventricle, and abnormal extremities were between 1.0 and 2.0 Gy, and between 0.5 and 1.0 Gy, respectively.

title: Dependence of XXXX upon gestational age and exposed dose of gamma radiation.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['morphological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal pelvis']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth-retarded', 'growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of the extremities']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal abnormalities']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['malformation']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity61339 (SKI-2053R, Sunpla ), a new @entity902 analogue which has a better @entity137 profile than @entity900 , has been used with @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) continuous infusion for the treatment of advanced @entity356 . However, continuous @entity1487 infusion had a inconvenience to administration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity61339 , UFT-E and @entity4181 combination chemotherapy in advanced @entity356 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 22 @entity1 was enrolled in this study at Kyung Hee University and Korea University from September 1999 to May 2001. @entity61339 400 mg/m2 was given as intravenous infusion for 1 hour at day 1. Oral UFT-E 360 mg/m2 and @entity4181 45 mg/day were administered for 21 consecutive days followed by a 7-day drug free interval. This schedule was repeated every 4 weeks. RESULTS: The 22 enrolled @entity1 received 81 courses of chemotherapy and the median number of course per @entity1 was three with a range of one to six. Five of 21 @entity1 achieved partial responses (23.8%; 95% confidence interval, 5.6% to 42%) without complete response. Out of the 5 responding @entity1 , three had unresectable perigastric lymph-nodes, one @entity1 had a @entity43 , and one @entity1 had a peritoneal @entity3 respectively. Main @entity137 were @entity1398 and @entity390 / @entity391 . Grade 3 and 4 @entity1398 were observed in 4 @entity1 (18%) and grade 3 @entity390 / @entity391 were observed in 5 @entity1 (22.7%). The median time to progression was 4 months (range, 0.5 to 13 months), and median survival duration was 7.5 months (range, 2.0 to 14 months). Median response duration was 5.0 months (range, 1.5 to 10 months). CONCLUSION: A combination chemotherapy of @entity61339 , UFT-E and @entity4181 has a comparable efficacy with those of previously reported @entity61339 and intravenous regimen of @entity1487 and controllable @entity137 in advanced @entity356 . Further study with large @entity1 population is warranted to determine the usefulness of this regimen.

title: Pilot Study of @entity61339 , UFT-E and XXXX in Advanced @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian metastasis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity61339 :: ('MESH:C090717', 'Chemical') :: ['heptaplatin', 'Heptaplatin']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity4181 :: (MESH:D002955,Chemical) :: ['Leucovorin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We investigated effects of @entity0 subtype on @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), local and distant control, and time from initial diagnosis to brain metastases (BM). We also investigated advances in graded prognostic assessment (GPA) scores. A cohort of 72 @entity1 treated for BM from @entity0 with Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery at our institution from 2000 to 2014 had subtyping available and were used for this study. Median follow up for @entity1349 was 12  months and for control was 6  months. @entity1349 for luminal, @entity1722 , and triple negative subtypes were 26, 20, and 22  months. @entity1349 when stratified by Sperduto et al. (J Clin Oncol 30(4):419-425, 2012) and Subbiah et al. (J Clin Oncol 33(20):2239-2245, 2015) GPAs were similar (p  =  0.087 and p  =  0.063). KPS and treatment modality were significant for @entity1349 (p  =  0.002; p  =  0.034). On univariate analysis, triple negative subtype and  >3 BM were trending and significant for decreased @entity1349 (p  =  0.084; p  =  0.047). On multivariable analysis @entity1722 , triple negative, and  >3 BM were significant for @entity1349 (p  =  0.022; p  =  0.040; p  =  0.009). Subtype was significant for response on a per lesion basis (p  =  0.007). Subtype was trending towards significance when analyzing time from initial diagnosis to BM treatment (p  =  0.064). @entity0 subtype is an important prognostic factor when stratifying @entity0 @entity1 with BM. The addition of number of BM to the GPA is a useful addition and should be further investigated. Subtype has an effect on lesion response, and also on rate of development BM after initial diagnosis.

title: XXXX subtype as a predictor for outcomes and control in the setting of brain metastases treated with stereotactic radiosurgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the seroprevalence of Neospora caninum antibodies in beef breeding herds across New South Wales (NSW) and to determine if there are any differences associated with geographic location and other herd-level factors. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey of beef breeding @entity291 (n   =   3298) from 63 properties (approximately 55 @entity291 per herd) sampled randomly from six regions in NSW using a multistage survey design. Samples were tested by ELISA for @entity16910 . Seroprevalence was determined at animal and herd levels, using an analysis approach to account for stratification, sample weighting and within-herd clustering. RESULTS: Animal-level seroprevalence ranged from 1.8% to 11.3% across regions and the overall animal seroprevalence for NSW was 5.9%. The mean within-herd seroprevalence was 5.2%. The herd seroprevalence ranged from 50% to 92%, with an overall point estimate for NSW of 63.8% (using   >=    1 animal positive   = herd positive). The within-herd seroprevalence ranged from 1.6% to 32.7% Prevalence and associated confidence limits were adjusted for the design of the survey. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, about two-thirds of all herds in NSW showed evidence of @entity281 , but the seroprevalence of @entity16910 in individual beef @entity291 in NSW was low to moderate (1.8-11.3%). Significant differences occurred between regions. The risk for herds being positive for @entity16910 was associated with geographic factors, particularly in the Mid-North Coast Region.

title: XXXX in beef herds in New South Wales, Australia. 1: seroprevalence study.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity16910 :: (29176,Species) :: ['Neospora caninum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: For intervention studies that require the use of @entity1 self-reports, the quality and accuracy of recorded data and variability in @entity1 adherence rates to the treatment can cause significant outcome bias. PURPOSE: To assess the quality and accuracy of @entity1 documentation of daily self-monitoring of leg skin temperature, adherence to a graduated cooling treatment protocol to prevent @entity3179 , and the potential for bias in treatment effect in a randomized controlled trial that included a population with chronic @entity66 . METHODS: Individuals were randomized to a leg cooling intervention or placebo treatment group to daily self-monitor and record lower leg skin temperature over a 9-month period on monthly paper study logs. Returned study logs for the first 100 completed @entity1 (n=54 cooling intervention, n=46 control) were reviewed for quality and accuracy. Adherence was determined from evaluating the accuracy of @entity1 documentation. To examine potential outcome bias in treatment effect, mean between group and within group comparisons of the before and after treatment differences were conducted using an intention-to-treat (ITT) versus a modified intention-to-treat (mITT) analysis approach with an 85% accuracy cut-off rate. Data were collected in 2011-2014. RESULTS: Of the expected 900 study logs, 91.8% (826/900) were returned and 8.2% (74/900) were not. Non-mutually exclusive main error types in returned documentation included: 59.2% (489/826) white-outs, cross-off and/or overwrites, 34.9% (288/826) entries omitted, 29.4% (243/826) no performance of daily self-monitoring, 28.7% (237/826) no performance of the treatment intervention per the prescribed protocol regime, 26.8% (221/826) extraneous data, 8.6% (71/826) suspected fabrication, and 7.6% (63/826) questionable validity. Under ITT analysis, 38.4% (346/900) of all returned logs were <85% accurate, 25.0% (225/900) were 85%-99% accurate, and 36.6% (329/900) were 100% accurate. Mean overall @entity1 adherence rates were: 22.0% at <85% accuracy, 53.0% at 85%-99% accuracy, and 25.0% at 100% accuracy. Under the mITT analysis, 54.0% (483/900) of returned logs were deemed adherent with >= 85% accuracy. CONCLUSION: This study found good rates of adherence. Under ITT analysis, 78.0% of @entity1 were deemed adherent to the study protocol with >= 85% accuracy in documenting daily self-monitoring of skin temperatures in response to a topically applied experimental cooling cuff intervention for the prevention of @entity3179 .

title: Self-monitoring of lower leg skin temperature: accuracy of self-reported data and adherence to a cooling protocol for the prevention of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['venous disease']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['venous leg ulcers']

answer: @entity3179 :: (MESH:D014647,Disease) :: ['venous leg ulcers']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Revised guidelines were released in Japan in 2003 for the assessment, treatment, and management of adult asthmatics, and similar guidelines for @entity1 asthmatics were released in 2002. We reassessed the severity and possible undertreatment of @entity565 according to these guidelines in stable asthmatics. METHODS: We reviewed medical records of 861 well-controlled @entity748 @entity1 who, in April through June 2004 were cared for by 47 pulmonologists at 29 medical centers and 13 @entity565 clinics in a rural community in the San-in area of Japan. The physician obtained completed medical records about their symptoms and current treatment of the subjects, 726 adult and 135 @entity1 (aged 6 years or older) who were in stable condition and had had no exacerbations in the previous 3 months. The severity of @entity565 and current treatment for each @entity1 were assessed according to the newly revised Japanese guidelines for the assessment, treatment, and management of adult and @entity1 asthmatics. RESULTS: In adult and @entity1 asthmatics, the percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1.0) was smaller and has a narrower distribution range than the percentage of predicted peak expiratory flow (PEF). When the severity of @entity565 was classified according to symptoms alone, 50% and 35% of those classified as mildly asthmatics @entity1 with adults and @entity1 , respectively, had moderate to severe airflow limitation. Inhaled corticosteroids were prescribed to 90.6% of adult and 14.9% of @entity1 @entity1 . When we compared the treatments that @entity1 were actually receiving against the optimal treatments indexed according to a combined symptoms-FEV1.0 classification, we found that 49% of adult asthmatics were overtreated, 21% were properly treated, and 30% were undertreated. Among @entity1 , the respective percentages were 35%, 25%, and 40%. CONCLUSION: In well-controlled adult and @entity1 asthmatics, the severity of @entity565 is poorly judged when symptoms alone are considered. We suggest that the severity of @entity565 should be assessed through a combination of symptoms and the measurement of FEV1.0 during office visits. We also suggest that the proper dose of inhaled @entity134 needed to maintain stable conditions should be judged according to this combined symptoms-FEV1.0 classification.

title: Underrecognition of the severity of @entity565 and undertreatment of XXXX in a rural area of Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: AIMS: To investigate the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and total and @entity65 in a population-based cohort of @entity6 subjects. METHODS: A longitudinal study using a population-based district @entity6 register comprising 3288 subjects in South Tees, UK. The eGFR was calculated using the @entity8 ( @entity8 ) study equation. @entity1 were stratified by baseline eGFR into five stages as per the National Kidney Foundation guidelines: Stage 1, eGFR > 90; Stage 2, eGFR 60-89; Stage 3, eGFR 30-59; Stage 4, eGFR 15-29; and Stage 5, eGFR < 15 ml/min per 1.73 m(2). Main outcome was all-cause and @entity65 between 1 January 1994 and 31 July 2004. RESULTS: At baseline, mean age (58.4 years) differed between groups. @entity1 with lower eGFR were older (P < 0.001). Thirty-six percent (n = 1193, males 56%) had died by 10 years (cardiovascular cause in 60%). Median follow-up was 10.5 years amounting to 28 342 @entity1 years. Stages 4 and 5 (eGFR <or= 29 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)) were amalgamated for mortality analysis. Total and @entity65 increased with reduced eGFR. @entity2166 (HR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] for all-cause mortality comparing groups 2 and 3, and 4 and 5 combined with group 1 were 1.28 (1.02, 1.60), 2.58 (2.05, 3.25) and 6.42 (4.25, 9.71), respectively. Adjusted HRs (95% CI) for mortality due to circulatory disease comparing groups 2 and 3, and 4 and 5 combined with group 1 were 1.50 (1.10, 2.06), 3.32 (2.41, 4.58) and 7.99 (4.69, 13.62), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity6 subjects, mortality increases significantly with reduced GFR. Low eGFR identifies @entity1 at high risk of @entity65 who should be targeted for aggressive risk factor modification.

title: All-cause and XXXX in @entity6 subjects increases significantly with reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR): 10 years' data from the South Tees @entity6 study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'Patients', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['MDRD', 'Modification of Diet in Renal Disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2166 :: ('MESH:D000275', 'Disease') :: ['Adjusted hazard ratios']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular mortality']


abstract: A 78-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of @entity1282 . He had been diagnosed as @entity751 at 30 years of age and had been treated with @entity617 10 mg/day. Blood examination revealed @entity8 ; BUN 25 mg/dL, Cr 1. 9 mg/dL, and glomerular filtration rate(GFR)47. 4 mL/min. Endoscopy showed a type 2 @entity5 at the middle thoracic esophagus, and the biopsy specimen revealed moderately differentiated @entity957 pathologically. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest and abdomen showed no @entity3 at distant regions and lymph nodes. Clinical staging was Stage II (cT2cN0cM0). Because of old age and renal function, we chose chemotherapy using @entity1205 , @entity1814 and @entity1487 . The adverse event was grade 2 in @entity1210 and grade 1 in inappetence, but the renal function did not progress. Repeated endoscopic examinations after chemotherapy revealed that the @entity418 was significantly reduced in size, and no @entity5 cells were pathologically detected by endoscopic biopsy, resulting in a complete response(CR). This chemotherapy of @entity1205 , @entity1814 and @entity1487 might be effective and tolerable for @entity1 with @entity177 due to @entity751 .

title: [A case of advanced @entity418 with nephrotic syndrome completely responding to chemotherapy of @entity1205 , XXXX and @entity1487 ].

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1814 :: ('MESH:C053989', 'Chemical') :: ['nedaplatin']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal dys- function']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['nephritic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity1814 :: (MESH:C053989,Chemical) :: ['nedaplatin']


abstract: @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants and microbial biodegradation is an important means of remediation of @entity2556 -contaminated soil. @entity17497 Cs1-4 (formerly @entity68336 ) was isolated by using @entity11966 as the sole @entity505 source from @entity2556 contaminated soil in Wisconsin. Its full genome sequence was determined to gain insights into a mechanisms underlying biodegradation of @entity2556 . Three genomic libraries were constructed and sequenced: an Illumina GAii shotgun library (916,416,493 reads), a 454 Titanium standard library (770,171 reads) and one paired-end 454 library (average insert size of 8 kb, 508,092 reads). The initial assembly contained 40 contigs in two scaffolds. The 454 Titanium standard data and the 454 paired end data were assembled together and the consensus sequences were computationally shredded into 2 kb overlapping shreds. Illumina sequencing data was assembled, and the consensus sequence was computationally shredded into 1.5 kb overlapping shreds. Gaps between contigs were closed by editing in Consed, by PCR and by Bubble PCR primer walks. A total of 182 additional reactions were needed to close gaps and to raise the quality of the finished sequence. The final assembly is based on 253.3 Mb of 454 draft data (averaging 38.4 X coverage) and 590.2 Mb of Illumina draft data (averaging 89.4 X coverage). The genome of strain Cs1-4 consists of a single circular chromosome of 6,685,842 bp (66.7 %G+C) containing 6,028 predicted genes; 5,931 of these genes were protein-encoding and 4,425 gene products were assigned to a putative function. Genes encoding @entity11966 degradation were localized to a 232 kb genomic island (termed the phn island), which contained near its 3' end a @entity19725 -like integrase, an enzyme often associated with chromosomal integration of mobile genetic elements. Other biodegradation pathways reconstructed from the genome sequence included: @entity10555 (by the @entity6625 pathway), @entity8886 , @entity1670 (by the maleamate pathway) and the pesticides Dicamba and Fenitrothion. Determination of the complete genome sequence of @entity17497 Cs1-4 has provided new insights the microbial mechanisms of @entity2556 biodegradation that may shape the process in the environment.

title: Complete genome sequence of the XXXX -degrading soil bacterium @entity17497 Cs1-4.

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity17497 :: ('80866', 'Species') :: ['Delftia acidovorans', 'D. acidovorans']

entities_list: @entity1670 :: ('MESH:D009525', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinic acid']

entities_list: @entity19725 :: ('10680', 'Species') :: ['bacteriophage P4']

entities_list: @entity6625 :: ('MESH:D000105', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl-CoA']

entities_list: @entity11966 :: ('MESH:C031181', 'Chemical') :: ['phenanthrene']

answer: @entity11966 :: (MESH:C031181,Chemical) :: ['phenanthrene']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To predict @entity2759 after endovascular stent graft repair of descending thoracic @entity449 , temporary interruption of the intercostal arteries (including the @entity439 ) was performed by placement of a novel retrievable stent graft (Retriever) in the aorta under evoked spinal cord potential monitoring. METHODS: From February 1995 to October 1997, endovascular stent graft repair of descending thoracic @entity449 was performed in 49 @entity1 after informed consent was obtained. In 16 @entity1 with @entity439 located in the middle and distal segment of the descending aorta, the Retriever was placed temporarily before stent graft deployment. The Retriever consisted of two units of self-expanding zigzag stents connected in tandem with stainless steel struts. Each strut was collected in a bundle fixed to a pushing rod, and the stent framework was lined with an expanded @entity736 sheet. The Retriever was delivered beyond the @entity439 through a sheath and was retracted into the sheath 20 minutes later. A stent graft for permanent use was deployed in @entity1 whose predeployment test results with the Retriever were favorable. Evoked spinal cord potential was monitored throughout placement of the Retriever and stent grafting until the next day. RESULTS: The Retriever was placed in 17 @entity439 in 16 @entity1 . There were no changes in amplitude or latency of evoked spinal cord potential records obtained before or during Retriever placement. After withdrawal of the Retriever, all @entity439 were excluded from circulation immediately after permanent stent grafting. There were no changes in evoked spinal cord potential, nor were @entity51 seen after stent graft deployment in any @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that predeployment testing with the Retriever under evoked spinal cord potential monitoring is promising as a predictor of @entity2759 in candidates for stent graft repair of thoracic @entity449 .

title: Preliminary report on prediction of @entity2759 in endovascular stent graft repair of thoracic aortic XXXX by retrievable stent graft.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity2759 :: ('MESH:D020760', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord ischemia']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysm']


abstract: We report a case of @entity1779 associated with @entity432 . The @entity1 was a 54-year-old @entity1 , who developed a small @entity1779 in the left internal capsule. He was admitted with mild @entity1269 to out hospital. Left carotid angiography showed an occlusion at the origin of the internal carotid artery. Right cerebral angiography revealed the slow filling of cerebral arteries of left hemisphere by the cross flow. He was treated conservatively. Two days after admission, the neurological examination revealed no notable abnormalities. The etiology of @entity548 of this case is presumed as the arterial @entity39 due to @entity101 . There has been no report on the @entity1779 associated with @entity432 . Our case suggests that the volume and enlargement of @entity1779 may be influenced by cerebral perfusion pressure.

title: [A case of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage associated with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['right hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral internal carotid artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage', 'cerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['ipsilateral internal carotid artery occlusion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate overall trends in @entity320 mortality rates among non-Hispanic whites by educational level. DESIGN: Descriptive study. SETTING: Death certificate records from 26 states, representing approximately 45% of the US population as reported by the National Center for Health Statistics, with recorded educational level information and population data from the US Bureau of Census Current Population Survey. @entity1 : Recorded deaths from @entity320 in non-Hispanic whites reported from 1993 through 2007. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Age-standardized mortality rates for @entity320 were evaluated by educational attainment (a marker of socioeconomic status) among non- Hispanic whites (aged 25-64 years) from 1993 through 2007. Rate ratios assessed the time trend in age-adjusted @entity204 rates by sex and educational level. Mortality differentials in educational level were measured using the regression-based Relative Index of Inequality. All statistical tests were 2-sided. RESULTS: @entity320 mortality declined significantly between 1993-1997 and 2003-2007 in @entity1 (RR [rate ratio], 0.916; 95% CI, 0.878-0.954; P.001) and @entity1 (RR, 0.907; 95% CI, 0.857-0.957; P.001). However, these declines occurred only among the most educated @entity1 (>= 13 years of education irrespective of sex), and nonsignificant increases were found among the least-educated individuals, specifically @entity1 (P=.17). As a result, the Relative Index of Inequality by education in @entity320 mortality in 2003-2007 relative to 1993-1997 (baseline) widened by 51.7% in @entity1 and by 35.7% in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Recent declines in @entity320 mortality rates among non-Hispanic whites in the United States mainly reflect declines among the most-educated individuals. The widening disparities in @entity320 mortality rates by education calls for early detection strategies to effectively target high-risk, less-educated, non-Hispanic white individuals.

title: Trends in XXXX mortality among non-Hispanic whites by educational attainment, 1993-2007.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENTS', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'Melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to investigate the potential of circumferential @entity358 for @entity955 ( @entity955 ) to maintain sinus rhythm (SR) over time, thus reducing mortality and morbidity while enhancing quality of life (QoL). BACKGROUND: Circumferential PV ablation is safe and effective, but the long-term outcomes and its impact on QoL have not been assessed or compared with those for medical therapy. METHODS: We examined the clinical course of 1,171 consecutive @entity1 with symptomatic @entity955 who were referred to us between January 1998 and March 2001. The 589 ablated @entity1 were compared with the 582 who received antiarrhythmic medications for SR control. The QoL of 109 ablated and 102 medically treated @entity1 was measured with the SF-36 survey. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 900 days (range 161 to 1,508 days). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed observed survival for ablated @entity1 was longer than among @entity1 treated medically (p < 0.001), and not different from that expected for healthy @entity1 of the same gender and calendar year of birth (p = 0.55). Cox proportional-hazards model revealed in the ablation group hazard ratios of 0.46 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.31 to 0.68; p < 0.001) for all-cause mortality, of 0.45 (95% CI, 0.31 to 0.64; p < 0.001) for morbidities mainly due to @entity712 and @entity63 cerebrovascular events, and of 0.30 (95% CI, 0.24 to 0.37; p < 0.001) for @entity955 recurrence. Ablated @entity1 ' QoL, different from @entity1 treated medically, reached normative levels at six months and remained unchanged at one year. CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary vein ablation improves mortality, morbidity, and QoL as compared with medical therapy. Our findings pave the way for randomized trials to prospect a wider application of ablation therapy for @entity955 .

title: Mortality, morbidity, and quality of life after circumferential XXXX for @entity955 : outcomes from a controlled nonrandomized long-term study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vein (PV) ablation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary vein ablation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The efficacy of topical @entity230 in bullous pemphigoid (BP) was assessed by prospective therapeutic trials. Systemic corticosteroids and immunosuppressant agents are indicated in situations of failure or relapses. OBJECTIVES: To report our experience in the management of BP outside therapeutic trials focusing on the outcome of the @entity1 at 6 and 12 months, compliance and follow-up difficulties. METHODS: Monocenter retrospective study with collection of clinical, therapeutic and follow-up data after 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: Ninety-six @entity1 , mean age 84 years, 65 females, 54% had @entity16 . The initial dose of @entity6914 was 30 g/day, followed by a progressive decrease. In the first 6 months, 14% were lost to follow-up and 17.7% died; 62% were controlled with topical @entity230 alone, and 25% had adjunctive systemic treatment. Difficulties of compliance were mentioned in 34.4%, without significant difference between controlled and noncontrolled @entity1 . After 12 months, 23% were lost to follow-up and 27.1% died. The mean duration of the treatment was 11.7    8.4 months. After the stop, 18.9% of @entity1 relapsed within 3 months. CONCLUSION: We emphasize the frequent recourse to systemic treatments in the first few months, the difficulties of compliance and of follow-up in our day-to-day experience.

title: Management of bullous pemphigoid with topical XXXX in the clinical practice of a single center: outcome at 6 and 12 months.

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairment']

entities_list: @entity6914 :: ('MESH:D002990', 'Chemical') :: ['clobetasol propionate']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroids']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ), @entity73 ( @entity73 ) is associated with poorer treatment adherence and higher readmission and mortality rates. Previous studies suggest that @entity955 ( @entity955 ) could impair cognitive function. This study sought to assess the association between permanent @entity955 (permAF) and @entity73 in @entity1 with @entity712 . We evaluated cognitive function in 881 @entity1 with stable @entity712 (73    11  years, 44% @entity1 , 48% with preserved ejection fraction) using the Mini-Mental State Examination test (n  = 876) and the Pfeiffer's Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (n  = 848). @entity73 was defined as a Mini-Mental State Examination score <24 or Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (errors) >2. The independent association between permAF and @entity73 was assessed by binary logistic regression analysis. A total of 295 @entity1 (33.5%) had @entity73 , in 5.1% of cases moderate/severe. @entity1 with permAF had more frequently any degree of @entity73 (43% vs 31%), and moderate/severe @entity73 (8% vs 5%). In the multivariate analysis, @entity73 was associated with permAF (odds ratio 1.54, 95% C.I. 1.05 to 2.28), an older age, female gender, @entity6 , @entity740 , @entity64 , New York Heart Association class III/IV, and lower systolic blood pressure. No interaction was found for @entity955 and @entity73 between @entity1 with reduced and preserved ejection fraction. In conclusion, the presence of permAF is independently associated with @entity73 in @entity1 with @entity712 , both with reduced and preserved ejection fraction. Given the clinical impact of @entity73 in the @entity712 population, active assessment of cognitive function is particularly warranted in @entity1 with @entity712 with permAF.

title: Effect of Permanent XXXX on Cognitive Function in @entity1 With @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'chronic heart failure']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['previous stroke']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'CI']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['Atrial Fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to examine whether a routine preoperative ECG is necessary in @entity1 to assess the risks in anaesthesia and surgery. METHODS: We examined the records of 3030 @entity1 anaesthetized in our hospital in 1990 and compared records of complications with preoperative ECGs. We also evaluated questionnaires on this subject which we had sent to 51 large pediatric hospitals in Germany in 1991. RESULTS: During 3030 anaesthetic procedures there were 93 complications, 67 of which were not of cardiac origin. Of the 26 cardiac complications only 4 needed therapy (AV-Block 2 degrees, @entity551 ). Preoperative ECGs were recorded in 180 cases: 152 were normal, 8 showed harmless deviations from normal and 16 were recorded because of known @entity299 . None of the 180 @entity1 developed complications during anaesthesia. Our questionnaire was returned completed carefully by 36 of the 51 hospitals. In most hospitals a preoperative ECG is only recorded when @entity299 is known or suspected. CONCLUSION: Routine preoperative ECGs are unnecessary in @entity1 unless there are clinical symptoms of @entity299 or @entity299 is suspected.

title: [Preoperative ECG in routine preoperative assessment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['fall in blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac defects', 'heart diseases', 'heart disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: 1. To elucidate the functional consequence of endogenous phospholipase A2 activation, the effect of pretreatment with @entity3348 on @entity3044 , @entity1928 and @entity2710 inotropic responses in isolated @entity35 left atria was studied. 2. @entity3348 pretreatment resulted in a significant decrease of the positive inotropic response of @entity3044 , whereas no significant change in the @entity1928 response was seen. 3. A more prominent negative inotropic effect of @entity2710 could be perceived after @entity3348 pretreatment. These effects of @entity3348 were not simply reversed by @entity3543 , a phospholipase A2 inhibitor. 4. After combined @entity3543 / @entity3348 pretreatment, a positive inotropic response was elicited by @entity2710 , which could be blocked by @entity3897 but not by @entity1169 . 5. It is suggested that the combination of @entity3543 / @entity3348 abolishes the activity of an inhibitory G protein.

title: Effect of phospholipase A2 activation on the receptor function in the XXXX left atrium: unmasking of a positive inotropic effect of @entity2710 .

entities_list: @entity3348 :: ('MESH:D008555', 'Chemical') :: ['Melittin', 'melittin']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['(-)-isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity3543 :: ('MESH:D011796', 'Chemical') :: ['mepacrine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Ovarian sex hormones modulate neuronal circuits not directly involved in reproductive functions. In the present study, we investigated whether endogenous fluctuations of @entity53 and @entity1420 during the menstrual cycle are associated with early cortical processing stages in a cued spatial attention paradigm. EEG was monitored while young @entity1 responded to acoustically cued visual stimuli. @entity1 with large mean amplitude of the event-related potential (ERP) (80-120ms following visual stimuli) responded faster to visual stimuli. In luteal @entity1 , mean amplitude of the ERP as well as alpha amplitude, an indicator of attentional modulation, correlated positively with @entity1420 . Further, cerebral asymmetry in ERP amplitude in the alpha frequency band following target presentation was restricted to luteal @entity1 . Critically, early follicular @entity1 responded slower to right hemifield compared to left hemifield targets. In late follicular or luteal @entity1 , we did not detect a right hemifield disadvantage. @entity1420 correlated negatively with RTs in luteal @entity1 . Therefore, whereas our behavioral data indicate a functional cerebral asymmetry in early follicular @entity1 , EEG recording reveal a physiological cerebral hemisphere asymmetry in the alpha frequency band in luteal @entity1 . We assume that a @entity1420 -associated enhancement in synchronization of synaptic activity in the alpha frequency band in luteal @entity1 improves early categorization of visual targets in a cued spatial attention paradigm.

title: XXXX -associated increase in ERP amplitude correlates with an improvement in performance in a spatial attention paradigm.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone', 'Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['Progesterone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered responsible for the recurrence and chemoresistance of @entity5 . Dysregulated autophagy is highly prevalent in many types of @entity5 including @entity788 and has been implicated in cytoprotection and @entity5 promotion. This study aimed to investigate the role of autophagy in regulating @entity5 stemness and chemoresistance of @entity788 . METHODS: The correlation between autophagy and CSCs and its clinical significance were analyzed using @entity788 tissue microarrays. Genetic and pharmacological approaches were applied to explore the function of autophagy on CSC activity and @entity136 resistance of @entity788 cells in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS: @entity21684 expression positively correlated with the expression of CSC markers @entity4975 dehydrogenase 1 ( @entity14215 ), @entity1759 , and @entity5439 in @entity788 tissues. High coexpression of @entity21684 / @entity14215 was associated with both poor overall survival and progression-free survival. In @entity788 cell lines, higher @entity21684 -II expression was observed in the sphere-forming cells than in the bulk cells. Blockade of autophagy by silencing @entity10614 , @entity10615 , and @entity8783 or the administration of autophagy inhibitor @entity503 markedly reduced the CSC populations, @entity14215 activity, sphere formation, and resistance to @entity136 in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, @entity1096 ( @entity1096 ) was found to stimulate @entity21684 -II, @entity14215 , @entity1759 , and @entity5439 expression in PANC-1 cells, whereas this effect could be prevented by @entity1096 knockdown and autophagy blockade. After treatment with various inhibitors against the major signaling pathways downstream of @entity1096 , only the inhibitor of NF-kB activation, BAY 1170-82, could effectively counteract @entity1096 -induced autophagy and CSC activity. According to the histochemical results, @entity788 @entity1 manifesting high levels of @entity1096 / @entity21684 / @entity14215 and @entity1096 / @entity1759 / @entity5439 had poor survival. CONCLUSIONS: Induction of autophagy mediated by @entity1096 /NF-kB signaling is required for maintenance of pancreatic CSC activity. Combination of @entity136 with pharmacological autophagy inhibitors is a promising therapeutic strategy for @entity788 .

title: Blockade of autophagy reduces @entity788 stem cell activity and potentiates the tumoricidal effect of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: 1. The effects of @entity49438 ( @entity31471 ) on dissociated @entity35 dorsal raphe neurones were investigated using the patch-clamp method. 2. Under current-clamp conditions, @entity31471 hyperpolarized the cell membrane, resulting in the reduction of firing rates. 3. Under voltage-clamp conditions, @entity31471 induced an inward rectifying K+ current in a concentration-dependent manner. 4. The @entity31471 -induced K+ currents (I( @entity31471 )) were mimicked by @entity10097 , a @entity10463 agonist. The I( @entity31471 ) was blocked by @entity11054 , a @entity10463 receptor antagonist, in a concentration-dependent manner. 5. @entity8816 , an agent which uncouples between the receptor and the G-protein, irreversibly blocked the I( @entity31471 ). 6. In neurones perfused intracellularly with a pipette-solution containing @entity3007 using the conventional whole-cell patch recording, the I( @entity31471 ) showed a gradual rundown. When the neurones were perfused with GTPgammaS, @entity31471 activated the inwardly rectifying K+ current in an irreversible manner. 7. In the inside-out patch recording mode, @entity31471 -activated single K+ channel currents (i( @entity31471 )) which also showed an inward rectification. When the @entity3006 in cytosolic side was completely replaced with @entity3007 , the open probability of i( @entity31471 ) significantly increased. 8. These results indicate that the activation of @entity10463 receptors by @entity31471 directly opens the inward rectifying K+ channels via a G-protein mediated process.

title: XXXX -induced K+ current in acutely dissociated @entity35 dorsal raphe neurones.

entities_list: @entity11054 :: ('MESH:D013134', 'Chemical') :: ['spiperone']

entities_list: @entity8816 :: ('MESH:D005033', 'Chemical') :: ['N-Ethylmaleimide']

entities_list: @entity49438 :: ('MESH:C055267', 'Chemical') :: ['tandospirone']

answer: @entity49438 :: (MESH:C055267,Chemical) :: ['Tandospirone']