abstract: BACKGROUND: Medication is the mainstay of treatment for @entity161 or @entity161 -like illnesses. Many @entity1 , however, continue to experience symptoms in spite of medication. In addition to medication, creative therapies, such as art therapy may be helpful. Art therapy allows exploration of the @entity1 's inner world in a non-threatening way through a therapeutic relationship and the use of art materials. It was mainly developed in adult @entity146 inpatient units and was designed for use with @entity1 in whom verbal psychotherapy would be impossible. OBJECTIVES: To review the effects of art therapy as an adjunctive treatment for @entity161 compared with standard care and other psychosocial interventions. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane @entity161 Group's Register (May 2002), hand searched reference lists and 'Inscape' (the Journal of the British Association of Art Therapists), and contacted relevant authors. SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomised controlled trials that compared art therapy with standard care or other psychosocial interventions for @entity161 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Studies were reliably selected, quality assessed and data extracted. Data were excluded where more than 50% of @entity1 in any group were lost to follow up. For binary outcomes we calculated a fixed effects risk ratio (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). MAIN RESULTS: The search identified 57 reports but only two studies (total n=137) met the inclusion criteria. Both compared art therapy plus standard care with standard care alone. Fewer @entity1 allocated to art therapy left the study before 20 weeks compared with those given standard care alone (n=47, 1 RCT, RR 0.34 CI 0.15 to 0.8, NNT 3 CI 1.5 to 7). Measures of change in mental state, interpersonal relationships and social networking were reported but the data were too problematic to interpret with confidence. Much data was lost due to poor reporting or inappropriate use of scales. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Randomised studies have been proven to be possible in this field. The use of art therapy for serious mental illnesses should continue to be under evaluation as its benefits, or harms, are unclear.

title: Art therapy for @entity161 or XXXX -like illnesses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Individuals who sustain a low-energy @entity174 are at increased risk of sustaining a subsequent low-energy @entity174 . The incidence of these refractures may be reduced by secondary preventative measures, although justifying such interventions and evaluating their impact is difficult without substantive evidence of the severity of the refracture risk. The aim of this study was to quantify the risk of sustaining another @entity174 following a low-energy @entity174 compared with the risk in an age and sex-matched reference population. METHODS: During the twelve-year period between January 1988 and December 1999, all inpatient and outpatient @entity174 -treatment events were prospectively audited in a trauma unit that is the sole source of @entity174 treatment for a well-defined local catchment population. During this time, 22,060 @entity1 at least forty-five years of age who had sustained a total of 22,494 low-energy @entity174 of the hip, wrist, proximal part of the humerus, or ankle were identified. All refracture events were linked to the index @entity174 in the database during the twelve-year period. The incidence of refracture in the cohort of @entity1 who had sustained a previous @entity174 was divided by the "background" incidence of index @entity174 within the same local population to obtain the relative risk of refracture. @entity1 -years at-risk methodology was used to control for the effect of the expected increase in mortality with advancing age. RESULTS: Within the cohort, 2913 @entity1 (13.2%) subsequently sustained a total of 3024 refractures during the twelve-year period. @entity1 with a previous low-energy @entity174 had a relative risk of 3.89 of sustaining a subsequent low-energy @entity174 . The relative risk was significantly increased for both sexes, but it was greater for @entity1 (relative risk = 5.55) than it was for @entity1 (relative risk = 2.94). The relative risk was 5.23 in the youngest age cohort ( @entity1 between forty-five and forty-nine years of age), and it decreased with increasing age to 1.20 in the oldest cohort ( @entity1 at least eighty-five years of age). CONCLUSIONS: Individuals who sustain a low-energy @entity174 between the ages of forty-five and eighty-four years have an increased relative risk of sustaining another low-energy @entity174 . This increased risk was greater when the index @entity174 occurred earlier in life; the risk decreased with advancing age. Secondary preventative measures designed to reduce the risk of refracture following a low-energy @entity174 are likely to have a greater impact on younger individuals.

title: Refractures in XXXX at least forty-five years old. a prospective analysis of twenty-two thousand and sixty @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Person', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: @entity9713 are @entity2214 characterized by the triad of a growth advantage of clonal cells, disturbed differentiation and increased apoptosis. The rarity of these disorders in @entity1 and the lack of a widely accepted classification have contributed to the paucity of reports on these @entity5 in the pediatric literature. A number of significant advances have been achieved in recent years. The present review will focus on diagnostics and therapy. RECENT FINDINGS: International consensus has been achieved on classifying these disorders into three main groups; @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ), @entity2800 of @entity1467 (ML-DS) and @entity12188 ( @entity12188 ). In the last few years we have witnessed important advances, especially regarding the therapy of these disorders, and we have gained insights into the molecular pathogenesis of ML-DS and @entity12188 . SUMMARY: Classification of myelodysplastic and @entity6961 has been facilitated. Chemotherapy regimens for ML-DS have been reduced, resulting in fewer @entity137 and improved survival. The results of stem-cell transplantation for @entity2590 and @entity12188 have improved. Insight into the molecular mechanisms involved may open new therapeutic avenues.

title: @entity9713 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2214 :: ('MESH:D007945', 'Disease') :: ['clonal myeloid malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic deaths']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity12188 :: ('MESH:D054429', 'Disease') :: ['JMML', 'juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity2800 :: ('MESH:D007951', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ['Down syndrome']

entities_list: @entity9713 :: ('MESH:D054437', 'Disease') :: ['Myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative disorders']

entities_list: @entity6961 :: ('MESH:D009196', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Thirty-three @entity1 with @entity409 underwent histomorphometric assessment of paired bone biopsy specimens at time of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) and 4 months thereafter. At 4 months after OLT, bone metabolism improved, with bone formation increasing to normal and no change in bone resorption. Early post-transplant @entity604 may be attributed to an additional insult to bone formation early after transplantation. INTRODUCTION: @entity1 with advanced @entity409 , especially chronic @entity1448 , often have @entity2331 , which worsens early after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) before starting to recover. The changes in bone metabolism leading to this rapid loss of bone after OLT, and to its recovery, are poorly defined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In thirty-three @entity1 with advanced chronic @entity409 , @entity803 -labeled bone biopsy specimens were analyzed prospectively at time of OLT and at 4 months after OLT, as part of a randomized trial to study the efficacy of @entity175 on post-transplant @entity604 . Hierarchical cluster analysis of histomorphometric parameters was performed in an attempt to establish the functional grouping of individual histomorphometric parameters before and after OLT. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Results showed that from the time of OLT to 4 months after OLT, bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and histomorphometric parameters of bone volume decreased, consistent with early post-transplant @entity604 . Histomorphometric resorption parameters were increased before OLT, with no change after OLT. Histomorphometric formation parameters increased from low values before OLT to normal values at 4 months after OLT, with the exception of mean wall thickness values, which further decreased after OLT, suggesting an additional insult to bone formation during the study period. Histomorphometric changes after OLT were similar in female and male @entity1 , pre- and postmenopausal @entity1 , and in @entity1 treated and not treated with calcitonin. Hierarchical cluster analysis suggested that before OLT, bone resorption was functioning independently of bone formation, but that by 4 months after OLT, their coupled relationship had improved. Therefore, despite post-transplant @entity604 , by 4 months after OLT, bone metabolism had improved, with increased bone formation and more coupled bone balance, as suggested by hierarchical cluster analysis.

title: Bone histomorphometric changes after liver transplantation for chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease', 'cholestatic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['cholestatic liver disease']


abstract: @entity472 in the elderly is related to calcification of either a bicuspid valve or a morphologically normal tricuspid valve. There is increasing evidence that factors relating to @entity731 are involved in @entity340 and that it is an actively regulated process rather than a degenerative one. With severe @entity472 left @entity123 occurs, decreasing wall stress and supporting the left ventricular ejection fraction. However, with pathologic @entity1184 there is a dropout of myocardial cells, @entity63 , and @entity82 . Eventually, symptoms of @entity951 , non-Q wave @entity583 , exertional @entity1163 , and @entity712 occur. Once symptoms begin, the prognosis is poor, with @entity944 occurring in about one third of @entity1 who die. In the elderly, symptoms can be recognized very late in the course of the disease since they can be attributed to other problems and since the elderly @entity1 may have reduced physical activity to a minimum. The more comorbidities that exist, the greater the risk of valve replacement. Symptomatic @entity1 with severe @entity472 even over age 80 can be operated upon with a relatively low mortality and morbidity. In @entity1 over age 80, prolongation of life for any meaningful length of time is not as important as relief of symptoms and improvement in the quality of life. Thus, it is unlikely that any truly asymptomatic @entity1 over age 80, even with severe @entity472 , should be sent to surgery.

title: Pathophysiology of XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['subendocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic stenosis', 'aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular calcification']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['valvular aortic stenosis']


abstract: @entity24778 ( @entity24778 ) is the major regulator of granulopoiesis and acts through binding to its specific receptor ( @entity24079 ) on neutrophilic granulocytes. Previous studies of signaling from the 4 @entity24079 cytoplasmic @entity669 residues used model cell lines that may have idiosyncratic, nonphysiological responses. This study aimed to identify specific signals transmitted by the receptor @entity669 residues in primary myeloid cells. To bypass the presence of endogenous @entity24079 , a chimeric receptor containing the extracellular domain of the @entity12841 in place of the entire extracellular domain of the @entity24079 was used. A series of chimeric receptors containing @entity669 mutations to @entity815 , either individually or collectively, was constructed and expressed in primary bone marrow cells from @entity24778 -deficient @entity19 . Proliferation and differentiation responses of receptor-expressing bone marrow cells stimulated by epidermal growth factor were measured. An increased 50% effective concentration to stimulus of the receptor Y(null) mutant indicated that specific signals from @entity669 residues were required for cell proliferation, particularly at low concentrations of stimulus. Impaired responses by mutant receptors implicated @entity24079 Y(764) in cell proliferation and Y(729) in granulocyte differentiation signaling. In addition, different sensitivities to ligand stimulation between mutant receptors indicated that @entity24079 Y(744) and possibly Y(729) have an inhibitory role in cell proliferation. STAT activation was not affected by @entity669 mutations, whereas @entity13436 activation appeared to depend, at least in part, on Y(764). These observations have suggested novel roles for the @entity24079 @entity669 residues in primary cells that were not observed previously in studies in cell lines.

title: XXXX residues of the @entity24778 receptor transmit proliferation and differentiation signals in @entity19 bone marrow cells.

entities_list: @entity12841 :: ('13649(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity24778 :: ('12985(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['Tyrosine']


abstract: Conventional chemotherapy is ineffective in the majority of @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ), and monoclonal antibodies recognising @entity1116 expressed on myeloid progenitors (e.g. @entity24098 (GO)) have been reported to improve outcome in @entity1 with @entity3052 . Reports of excess @entity137 have resulted in GO's licence being withdrawn. As a result, the role of these agents remains unclear. A systematic review and meta-analysis included studies of @entity1 with @entity3052 who had entered a randomised control trial (RCT), where one arm included anti- @entity1116 antibody therapy. Fixed effect meta-analysis was used, involving calculation of observed minus expected number of events, and variance for each endpoint in each trial, with the overall treatment effect expressed as Peto's odds ratio with 95  % confidence interval. Meta-analysis of 11 RCTs with 13 randomisations involving GO was undertaken. Although GO increased induction deaths (p   =   0.02), it led to a reduction in resistant disease (p   =   0.0009); hence, there was no improvement in complete remission. Whilst GO improved relapse-free survival (hazard ratio (HR)   =   0.90, 95  % confidence interval (CI)   =   0.84-0.98, p   =   0.01), there was no overall benefit of GO in @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) (HR   =   0.96, 95  % CI   =   0.90-1.02, p   =   0.2). GO improved @entity1349 in @entity1 with favourable cytogenetics, with no evidence of benefit in @entity1 with intermediate or adverse cytogenetics (test for heterogeneity between subtotals p   =   0.01). GO has a potent clinically detectable anti-leukaemic effect. Further trials to investigate its optimum delivery and identification of @entity1 populations who may benefit are needed.

title: Mylotarg has potent anti-leukaemic effect: a systematic review and meta-analysis of anti- @entity1116 antibody treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity24098 :: ('MESH:C406061', 'Chemical') :: ['gemtuzumab  ozogamicin']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukaemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukaemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ofatumumab is a human anti- @entity2225 monoclonal antibody that has proven efficacy as monotherapy in refractory @entity6444 . We assessed the efficacy and safety of ofatumumab maintenance treatment versus observation for @entity1 in remission after re-induction treatment for relapsed @entity6444 . METHODS: This open-label, multicentre, randomised phase 3 study enrolled @entity1 aged 18 years or older from 130 centres in 24 countries who had @entity6444 in complete or partial remission after second-line or third-line treatment. Eligible @entity1 had a WHO performance status of 0-2, had a response assessment within the previous 3 months, did not have refractory disease, autoimmune @entity417 requiring treatment, chronic or active infection requiring treatment, and had not previously received maintenance treatment or autologous or allogeneic stem-cell transplant. Using a randomisation list generated by a central computerised system and an interactive voice recognition system, we randomly assigned (1:1) @entity1 to receive ofatumumab (300 mg followed by 1000 mg 1 week later and every 8 weeks for up to 2 years) or undergo observation. Randomisation was stratified by number and type of previous treatment and remission status after induction treatment (block size of four). Treatment assignment was open label. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed progression-free survival in the intention-to-treat population. We report the results of a prespecified interim analysis after two-thirds of the planned study events (disease progression or @entity204 ) had happened. This trial is closed to accrual but follow-up is ongoing. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00802737. FINDINGS: Between May 6, 2010, and June 19, 2014, we enrolled 474 @entity1 : 238 @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive ofatumumab maintenance treatment and 236 to undergo observation. One (<1%) @entity1 in the ofatumumab group did not receive the allocated intervention (withdrawal of consent). The median follow-up was 19  1 months (IQR 10  3-28  8). Progression-free survival was improved in @entity1 assigned to the ofatumumab group (29  4 months, 95% CI 26  2-34  2) compared with those assigned to observation (15  2 months, 11  8-18  8; hazard ratio 0  50, 95% CI 0  38-0  66; p<0  0001). The most common grade 3 or higher adverse events up to 60 days after last treatment were @entity1398 (56 [24%] of 237 @entity1 in the ofatumumab group vs 23 [10%] of 237 in the observation group) and @entity281 (31 [13%] vs 20 [8%]). 20 (8%) of 237 @entity1 in the ofatumumab group and three (1%) of 237 @entity1 in the observation group had adverse events that led to permanent discontinuation of treatment. Up to 60 days after last treatment, two deaths related to adverse events occurred in the ofatumumab treatment group and five deaths related to adverse events occurred in the observation group; no deaths were attributed to the study drug. INTERPRETATION: These data are important for the development of optimum maintenance strategies in @entity1 with relapsed @entity6444 , notably in the present era of targeted drugs, many of which are to be used until progression.

title: Ofatumumab maintenance versus observation in relapsed XXXX (PROLONG): an open-label, multicentre, randomised phase 3 study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['haemolytic anaemia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity6444 :: ('MESH:D015461', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukaemia']

answer: @entity6444 :: (MESH:D015461,Disease) :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukaemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Rurally situated African Americans suffer from stress and drug-related health disparities. Unfortunately, research on potential mechanisms that underlie this public health problem have received limited focus in the scientific literature. This study investigated the effects of perceived stress, @entity285 consumption, and genotype on the @entity2339 . METHODS: A rural sample of African American emerging adults (n = 84) completed a battery of assessments and provided six samples of salivary @entity701 at wakeup, 30 min post wakeup, 90 min post wakeup, 3:00 PM, 3:30 PM, and 4:30 PM. RESULTS: @entity1 with a TT genotype of the @entity20583 ( @entity69543 ) gene tended to produce the most basal @entity701 throughout the day while @entity1 with a CC genotype produced the least amount. Increased levels of perceived stress or @entity285 consumption were associated with a blunted @entity701 awakening response (CAR). Moreover, the CAR was obliterated for @entity1 who reported both higher stress and @entity285 consumption. CONCLUSION: Perceived stress and @entity285 consumption had a deleterious effect on the @entity2339 . Furthermore, genotype predicted level of @entity701 production throughout the day. These findings support the need to further investigate the relationship between @entity1642 , drug-use vulnerability, and associated health disparities that affect this community.

title: The relationship between @entity285 consumption, perceived stress, and @entity20583 genotype on the XXXX in rural African Americans.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['HPA-Axis', 'hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) Axis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['stress dysregulation']

answer: @entity2339 :: (MESH:D007029,Disease) :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To put the insight into the @entity4965 ( @entity4966 )-induced effect on the differential expression of subcellular proteins in @entity1 normal liver cell line (L-02). METHODS: The membrane proteins and nuclear proteins of @entity4966 -treated (8.0 mmol/L) group and controls were extracted by subcellular proteome extraction kit, respectively. The @entity4966 -induced differentially expressions were analyzed by a two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Bioinformatics analysis was used to reveal the biological processes and predict transmembrane domains of differential expressed proteins. The expression of @entity855 synthase subunit beta ( @entity68093 ), @entity68094 ( @entity68094 ) and far up steam element-binding protein 1 ( @entity68095 ) were measured under @entity4966 treatment by Western blot. RESULTS: After @entity4966 treatment for 24 h in L-02 cells, 14 membrane proteins and 18 nuclear proteins were identified as differential expression. After treated with @entity4966 in concentrations of 0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 mmol/L for 24 h, the relative levels of @entity68093 expression were 1.00  0.03, 1.21  0.14, 1.25  0.12 and 1.48  0.17 (F = 8.51, P = 0.007), the relative levels of @entity68094 expression were 1.00  0.09, 1.22  0.15, 1.43  0.21, 1.53  0.17 (F = 6.57, P = 0.015), respectively; the relative levels of @entity68095 expression were 1.00  0.11, 0.91  0.07, 0.73  0.04 and 0.67  0.03 (F = 15.81, P = 0.001), respectively, which were consistent with the results in proteomics. The bioinformatics analysis showed that the most dominant biological process were involved in RNA processing (10 proteins, P = 2.46*10(-6)), especially in RNA splicing (9 proteins, P = 1.77*10(-7)). CONCLUSION: The exposure of @entity4966 could alter the expression of membrane proteins and nuclear proteins in L-02 cells. These abnormal expressed proteins involved in RNA splicing would provide novel clues for further understanding of @entity4966 -induced hepatotoxicity.

title: [Investigation of XXXX -induced effects on subcellular proteomes in L-02 hepatic cells].

entities_list: @entity68094 :: ('3188', 'Gene') :: ['heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H2', 'hnRNP H2']

entities_list: @entity4965 :: ('MESH:D014241', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroethylene']

answer: @entity4965 :: (MESH:D014241,Chemical) :: ['trichloroethylene']


abstract: 1. @entity13575 (PF), isolated from the paeony root, is reported to have immunoregulatory, neuromuscular blocking, anticonvulsant, antihyperglycaemic and antihypotensive effects. 2. The present study investigated the antiproliferative activity of PF. The results showed that PF inhibited the proliferation of A549 by blocking cell cycle progression in the G(0)/G(1) phase and inducing apoptosis. 3. An ELISA showed that G(0)/G(1) phase arrest may be due to @entity876 -independent induction of @entity994 ( @entity994 ). Increased protein expression of @entity1197 ( @entity1197 ) and its two ligands, membrane-bound @entity12 and soluble @entity12 , may be responsible for the PF-induced apoptosis. 4. This is the first study to show that the induction of @entity994 / @entity994 and the activity of the Fas/ @entity12 apoptotic system may participate in the antiproliferative activity of PF in A549 cells.

title: Antiproliferative activity of @entity13575 is through cell cycle arrest and the Fas/ XXXX -mediated apoptotic pathway in human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells.

entities_list: @entity13575 :: ('MESH:C015423', 'Chemical') :: ['Paeoniflorin']

entities_list: @entity994 :: ('1026', 'Gene') :: ['p21', 'p21/wild-type p53-activated fragment 1', 'WAF1']

answer: @entity12 :: (356,Gene) :: ['Fas ligand']


abstract: Systemic chemotherapies for advanced or metastatic @entity259 have been of only limited effectiveness. For @entity1 with differentiated or @entity189 unresponsive to conventional treatments, novel therapies are needed to improve disease outcomes. Multiple novel therapies primarily targeting angiogenesis have entered clinical trials for metastatic @entity259 . Partial response rates up to 30% have been reported in single-agent studies, but prolonged disease stabilization is more commonly observed. The most successful agents target the @entity7 receptors, with potential targets including the mutant kinases associated with papillary and medullary oncogenesis. Two drugs approved for other @entity5 , @entity2857 and @entity2240 , have had promising preliminary results reported, and are being used selectively for @entity1 who do not qualify for clinical trials. At least one randomized, placebo-controlled phase III trial has been successfully completed, showing improved progression-free survival in @entity1 with advanced or metastatic @entity259 treated with @entity4733 . Randomized trials for other agents are currently underway. Treatment for @entity1 with metastatic or advanced @entity259 now emphasizes clinical trial opportunities for novel agents with considerable promise. Alternative options now exist for use of @entity669 kinase inhibitors that are well tolerated and may prove worthy of regulatory approval for this disease.

title: Targeted therapies for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['medullary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity4733 :: ('MESH:C452423', 'Chemical') :: ['vandetanib']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['medullary thyroid carcinoma', 'thyroid carcinomas', 'thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid tumors']


abstract: Primary systemic treatment of @entity0 with cytotoxics yields a high response rate and allows conservative surgical procedures in bulky @entity5 . In order to maximise local control of disease, two innovations were introduced in a pilot study. The first was to identify the good responders after three cycles of chemotherapy and to treat them with three additional cycles. The second was to also give this group of @entity1 a full dose of radiotherapy before surgery with the aim of verifying the rate of pathological complete remissions in view of a possible treatment of breast primary with chemoradiotherapy only. @entity1 were treated with @entity632 60 mg/m2 and @entity786 , 600 mg/m2 both intravenously on day 1, every 21 days for three courses. Partial or complete responders received three more courses followed by radiotherapy (50 Gy plus a 10 Gy boost). The others underwent immediate surgery. A total of 32 @entity1 (median age, 50 years; range 28-69 years); performance status, 0-1; T2 22, T3 8, T4 2) were enrolled and were evaluable for response and side-effects. 9 @entity1 had only three cycles of chemotherapy due to absence of response and 23 @entity1 had six cycles of chemotherapy. Overall, 7 @entity1 had a complete remission, 16 a partial remission and 9 had stable disease, for an overall response rate of 72% (95% confidence interval 53-86%). In the group of @entity1 that completed the programme, two complete pathological remissions were observed and 5 @entity1 had only microfoci of @entity5 . No toxic death or grade III-IV @entity137 were observed. Mild or moderate side-effects included @entity33 , @entity1209 and @entity1210 . In conclusion, our results indicate that the addition of radiotherapy to pre-operative chemotherapy did not significantly enhance the incidence of pathological complete remissions. New primary treatment approaches should be explored in this subset of @entity1 in order to improve outcome.

title: Pre-operative chemotherapy and radiotherapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea/vomiting']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity12088 ( @entity12088 ) is an @entity32 or infection of the external auditory canal (EAC), the auricle, or both this condition has been reported to be found in all age groups. The aims and objectives were, study/determine the prevalence of @entity12088 in the specialist otolaryngology clinic in National Ear Care Center Kaduna, study the pattern of presentation among @entity1 with @entity2346 externa in the specialist otolaryngology clinic in National Ear Care Center Kaduna, and evaluate the choice of drug treatment for @entity2346 externa in the specialist otolaryngology clinic in National Ear Care Center Kaduna. METHODS: Data of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2346 externa between January 2009 and March 2013 were extracted from the recorded cases of @entity2169 seen within the same period. The ages, sex/ gender, complains(symptoms), duration of symptoms, clinical examination findings, diagnosis, mode of drug treatment, number of visits and complication records were extracted from the case notes of the @entity1 and analyzed descriptively using SPSS (Statistical package for Social Sciences) version. RESULTS: Out of 13,328 cases of @entity2169 seen within the period under review, 133 cases were diagnosed with @entity2346 externa across all age groups. Hospital prevalence stands at 1.0%. There were 81(60.9%) males and 52(39.1%) females in ratio 1.5:1. @entity1 age 0-15 constitute 55(41.3%) while young adults and adults were 78(58.6%). The minimum age at presentation was one year, while maximum age was 64 years. Mean age was 24 years with a standard deviation of    1.12 Years. Ear @entity158 as only presenting symptom was the major complain found in this study accounting for 68(51.1%). @entity12088 was the commonest diagnosis accounting for 101(75.9%) and associated clinical findings ranging from tragal tenderness, hyperaemia and @entity4 of ear canal in 57 (54.9%). Ear swab was not routinely done and only 6(15.8%) of the discharging ears had microscopy done and the organisms were Pseudomonas spp and @entity4005 . Empirical treatment was the commonest treatment modality and about 91% of the @entity1 had complete symptom resolution by second visit. Complication was observed in only one case of @entity39 who was retro-viral positive. CONCLUSION: @entity12088 accounted for small fraction of cases seen in our clinic (1%). @entity12088 is the commonest diagnosis made with symptoms ranging from @entity158 , ear discharge, @entity393 and itchiness. Most @entity1 were treated empirically with significant success within first two visits. No major complication was recorded within the period under study.

title: Pattern of XXXX externa in Kaduna Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing otitis externa']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity12088 :: ('MESH:D010032', 'Disease') :: ['OE', 'Otitis externa', 'Acute diffuse otitis externa']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'ear pain']

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['klebsiella']

entities_list: @entity2169 :: ('MESH:D004427', 'Disease') :: ['ear disease', 'ear diseases']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity2346 :: (MESH:D010031,Disease) :: ['otitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine contemporary trends in @entity5 care and geographic variation of end-of-life care @entity146 among Medicare beneficiaries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare data, we identified 132,051 beneficiaries who died as a result of @entity5 in 2006-2011. @entity146 of end-of-life care was measured by chemotherapy received within 14days of @entity204 , >1 @entity341 ( @entity341 ) visit within 30days of @entity204 , >1 hospitalization within 30days of @entity204 , >= 1 intensive care unit (ICU) admission within 30days of @entity204 , in-hospital @entity204 , or hospice enrollment  <=3days before @entity204 . Using hierarchical generalized linear models, we assessed potentially aggressive end-of-life care adjusting for @entity1 demographics, @entity5 characteristics, and hospital referral region (HRR)-level market factors. RESULTS: The proportion of beneficiaries receiving at least one potentially aggressive end-of-life intervention increased from 48.6% in 2006 to 50.5% in 2011 (P<.001). From 2006 to 2011, increases were apparent in repeated hospitalization (14.1% vs. 14.8%; P=.01), repeated @entity341 visits (34.3% vs. 36.6%; P<.001), ICU admissions (16.2% vs. 21.3%; P<.001), and late hospice enrollment (11.2% vs. 12.9%; P<.001), whereas in-hospital @entity204 declined (23.5% vs. 20.9%; P<.001). End-of-life chemotherapy use (4.4% vs. 4.5%) did not change significantly over time (P=.12). The use of potentially aggressive end-of-life care varied substantially across HRRs, ranging from 40.3% to 58.3%. Few HRRs had a decrease in aggressive end-of-life care during the study period. CONCLUSIONS: Despite growing focus on providing appropriate end-of-life care, there has not been an improvement in @entity5 care in the Medicare program.

title: XXXX care in the Medicare program.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Aggressiveness', 'aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'aggressive end-of-life cancer', 'cancer', 'end-of-life cancer']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Trends in end-of-life cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the association of a @entity158 protocol (MMPC) and reduced hospital stay after open abdominal hysterectomy. STUDY DESIGN: The study design was a comparison of a prospective cohort with a retrospective historical control. We enrolled @entity1204 @entity1 undergoing open abdominal hysterectomy with lymphadenectomy by the same surgeon. Control @entity1 from 2008 to 2010 who received morphine PCA alone were compared with a similar demographic group of @entity1 from 2011 to 2013 who received MMPC. MMPC consisted of gabapentin (900mg PO) and acetaminophen (1g IV) administered 45-60min preoperatively. The surgical site was injected with bupivacaine with 0.5% epinephrine prior to incision. The @entity282 control regimen consisted of gabapentin (300mg PO every 6h), acetaminophen (1g IV every 8h for 24h postoperatively), ketorolac (15mg IV every 6h for 48h postoperatively), morphine PCA (2mg IV every 10min, no basal rate) and oxycodone/acetaminophen (10/325mg PO every 6h as needed). RESULTS: Length of hospital stay (LOH) of the study cohort (N=105 with MMPC) was compared with the historical with postoperative morphine alone (N=113 without MMPC). There were no differences in demographic, uterine @entity5 stage, or comorbidities between the two arms. The LOH was 1.6 days for @entity1 receiving MMPC and 3.3 days for @entity1 who received morphine alone (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity158 control is associated with significantly reduced hospital stay after open abdominal hysterectomy.

title: XXXX control is associated with reduced hospital stay following open abdominal hysterectomy.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Multimodal pain', 'multimodal pain']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Multimodal pain']


abstract: AIM: @entity67 is a common problem in @entity1 with @entity28 , @entity101 , @entity6 , or @entity453 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of @entity1002 with an abnormal coronary artery @entity460 score (CAC score). METHODS: This study considered a cohort of @entity1 >= 18 years of age with normal ejection fraction who were admitted to the hospital with @entity662 . All @entity1 underwent regadenoson myocardial perfusion stress imaging and had no evidence of @entity63 or @entity1188 . @entity1 then underwent cardiac CT for measurement of CAC score. @entity1 were excluded if they had prior history of @entity453 , ECG findings diagnostic of an @entity1187 , an elevated troponin level, or hemodynamic instability. RESULTS: A total of 114 @entity1 were included and 52 (45.6%) @entity1 had echocardiographic evidence of @entity67 . @entity1 with @entity67 were more likely to have an abnormal @entity460 score (79.6% vs 20%; OR 15.10, 95% CI 5.70 to 43.85; p   0.001). In multivariable analysis, the presence of @entity67 on echocardiogram was significantly associated with an abnormal @entity460 score (OR 13.82, 95% CI 5.57 to 37.37; p   0.001) after adjusting for Framingham Risk Score or clinical risk factors (age, gender, @entity6 , @entity2299 , and @entity28 ; OR 19.06,95% CI 4.66 to 107.97; p   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that @entity1002 is associated with an abnormal CAC score even after adjusting for Framingham Risk Score or clinical risk factors. @entity1 without known @entity453 that present with @entity662 and have normal perfusion imaging with evidence of abnormal diastolic function on echocardiogram may warrant more thorough evaluation for @entity453 with CAC score assessment.

title: Association of XXXX with Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease Burden Using Coronary Artery @entity460 Scoring.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerotic disease', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['Diastolic dysfunction', 'diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction']


abstract: An ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/ MS) method for the residue determination of @entity4766 , @entity38158 and @entity13136 in modified milk was established. The modified milk samples were extracted and their protein precipitated with water (containing 1% (v/v) @entity1543 ) and @entity1042 . Then they were purified with an HLB solid phase extraction cartridge. The separation was performed on an ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column (100 mm x 2.1 mm, 1.8   m) with a gradient system of water (containing 0.1% (v/v) @entity5189 ) and @entity1626 as mobile phases at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min, and detected by the MS in ESI+ mode. Standard curves were drawn by using matrix standard addition method, and the external standard method was used for quantitative analysis. The limits of quantification were 1   g/kg. The calibration curves for the three sulfa drugs were linear in the mass concentration range of 1-100   g/L with R2 >=  0.998. The recoveries at the levels of 1, 2, 10   g/kg fortified samples ranged from 76.5% to 101.9% with the relative standard deviations of 1.2%-12.4%. The method is simple, rapid, accurate, and its performance can meet the requirements of the domestic and international legislations. It is suitable for the detection of @entity11682 residues in modified milk.

title: [Simultaneous determination of three XXXX residues in modified milk by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].

entities_list: @entity4766 :: ('MESH:D013411', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfadiazine']

entities_list: @entity11682 :: ('CHEBI:35358', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonamide']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity38158 :: ('MESH:D013416', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamerazine']

entities_list: @entity5189 :: ('MESH:C030544', 'Chemical') :: ['formic acid']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity13136 :: ('MESH:D013418', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethazine']

answer: @entity11682 :: (CHEBI:35358,Chemical) :: ['sulfonamide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study cases of @entity69094 by tumbu @entity238 (Cordylobia anthropophaga) among Pakistani troops in Sierra Leone, Africa. DESIGN: Observational study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Pakistani troops in Sierra Leone, Africa. The duration of the study was 1 year, from July 2001 to August 2002. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Two hundred and forty-eight cases of @entity69094 were observed among Pakistani soldiers. All the @entity1 were male. The lesions were treated by removal of the larva followed by twice daily application of an antibacterial ointment. The extraction was done by injecting 2% @entity3303 over the base of the nodule. Care was exercised in not damaging the larva while extracting. RESULTS: The ages were from 22 to 43 years. Mean age was 29.42 years. The @entity1 presented with a solitary lesion (178 out of total 248 cases, 71.8%) or multiple lesions (70 out of 248 cases, 28.2%). The lesions were almost always on the non-exposed parts of the body (239 cases out of total 248 cases, 96.37%). One case presented with a lesion on the face and 8 cases had lesions over dorsum of hands or feet. CONCLUSION: This disease is common in tropical Africa. The knowledge of the disease, its management and prevention is necessary for all the individuals who are planning to visit tropical Africa.

title: @entity69094 by tumbu XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity69094 :: ('MESH:C538194', 'Disease') :: ['furuncular myiasis']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['xylocaine']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['fly']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Interactions between @entity1372 and @entity460 regulating systems are poorly characterized but clinically important. @entity461 ( @entity461 ) levels are increased shortly after @entity1483 treatment by an unknown mechanism, and this effect is blunted by the previous administration of a calcimimetic in animal studies. Here, we explored further the possible underlying mechanisms of this observation in a randomized crossover placebo-controlled study performed in 18 @entity1 males. Volunteers took either @entity4046 (60  mg) or placebo and received a 20  mg @entity1483 injection 3  h later. Plasma samples were collected at 15-min intervals and analyzed for intact @entity461 , @entity460 , @entity1372 , @entity972 , @entity1760 , @entity4613 , plasma @entity916 activity (PRA), and @entity1369 up to 6  h after @entity1483 injection. Urinary electrolyte excretion was also monitored. Subjects under placebo presented a sharp increase in @entity461 levels after @entity1483 injection. In the presence of @entity4046 , @entity461 levels were suppressed and marginal increase of @entity461 was observed. No significant changes in electrolytes and urinary excretion were identified that could explain the @entity1483 -induced increase in @entity461 levels. PRA and @entity1369 were stimulated by @entity1483 injection but were not affected by previous @entity4046 ingestion. Expression of @entity17365 , but not @entity35635 , was found in parathyroid tissue. In conclusion, our results indicate that @entity1483 acutely stimulates @entity461 secretion in the absence of any detectable electrolyte changes in healthy adults. A possible direct effect of @entity1483 on parathyroid gland needs further studies.

title: @entity1483 stimulation of parathormone in @entity1 : role of the XXXX -sensing receptor and the @entity916 -angiotensin system.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity4046 :: ('MESH:C476217', 'Chemical') :: ['cinacalcet']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'Parathyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Recently, expression of the @entity17197 gene was found to be up-regulated in numerous @entity5 , including the @entity150 ( @entity1606 ). OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to determine if the expression levels of @entity17197 gene correlates with the major pathological characteristics of the @entity5 and @entity1 ' clinical outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In our study, we have analyzed the tissue samples derived from group of 70 @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity1606 of the urinary bladder, while normal urinary bladder mucosa obtained from 40 @entity1 with nonmalignant diseases was used as a negative control group. Expression of @entity17197 gene in each @entity1 sample was determined using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: @entity17197 gene expression was found to be app. 2.5 times higher in samples from @entity1 with @entity1606 in comparison with normal epithelium derived from control group @entity1 . Analysis show that gene expression correlates with the @entity5 . A highly significant differences were found between the expression values of samples from low and high grade @entity1606 , as well as between the high grade and control group. @entity17197 expression was higher in @entity1 with non-muscle invasive disease than in those with muscle invasive disease. CONCLUSIONS: The result of this study indicates that @entity17197 gene expression levels correlates with the major pathological characteristics of @entity1606 samples and with the clinical outcome of those @entity1 . Determination of @entity17197 gene expression could have a potential to be used as a sensitive molecular marker in @entity1 with @entity150 .

title: Overexpression of @entity17197 gene correlates with the major clinicopathological parameters in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy of the tumor', 'tumor', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma', 'urinary bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['urinary bladder cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity262 ( @entity262 ) is a diagnosis made using clinical, laboratory, and histologic parameters. Aberrant @entity3138 and/or @entity2902 expression on mast cells provides one minor criterion for a diagnosis of @entity262 . To validate a tube ( @entity1195 / @entity2467 / @entity3138 / @entity2902 ) for mast cell evaluation, we performed flow cytometry (FC) on residual material from marrow aspirates samples submitted to the hematopathology laboratory. METHODS: Samples evaluated (n=98) had no clinical or morphologic suspicion for @entity262 . Samples were excluded if there was history of a myeloid stem cell @entity5 . Ten documented cases of @entity262 were evaluated for comparison. RESULTS: Among cases without history of @entity262 , 17.3% (n=17) showed expression of @entity3138 and/or @entity2902 on >= 10% of the mast cell population ( @entity2902 alone in 14 cases, @entity3138 alone in 2 cases, both in one case), while 82.6% (n=81) showed no expression of these antigens. The percentage of mast cells showing aberrant @entity3138 and/or @entity2902 expression respectively ranged from 12.1%-98.8% and 22.2%-95.7% Interestingly, all of the cases with evidence of aberrant antigen expression on mast cells were collected post-therapy while 22.1% of the negative samples were collected pre-therapy. A cut-off of 60% @entity2902 expression on mast cells identified all cases of @entity262 while minimizing false positives. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that aberrant expression of @entity3138 and/or @entity2902 may be seen on mast cells outside of the setting of @entity262 . The data suggests that this phenomenon may be seen more commonly following chemotherapy and that FC of mast cells should be interpreted with caution in the post-chemotherapy setting. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Expression of @entity3138 and XXXX on mast cell populations can be seen outside the setting of systemic mastocytosis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['SM', 'Systemic mastocytosis']

answer: @entity2902 :: (3559,Gene) :: ['CD25']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There are varying, often conflicting, reports with respect to altered striatal volume and morphometry in the major @entity914 due to the influences of antipsychotic medications on striatal volume. Thus, disassociating disease effects from those of medication become exceedingly difficult. For the first time, using a longitudinally studied sample of structural magnetic resonance images from @entity1 with @entity19096 ( @entity19096 ; neurobiologically contiguous with the adult onset form of @entity161 ), their nonpsychotic siblings (COSSIBs), and novel shape mapping algorithms that are volume independent, we report the familial contribution of striatal morphology in @entity161 . The results of our volumetric analyses demonstrate age-related increases in overall striatal volumes specific only to @entity19096 . However, both @entity19096 and COSSIBs showed overlapping shape differences in the striatal head, which normalized in COSSIBs by late adolescence. These results mirror previous studies from our group, demonstrating @entity71 in @entity19096 and COSSIBs as these deficits normalize in COSSIBs in the same age range as our striatal findings. Finally, there is a single region of nonoverlapping outward displacement in the dorsal aspect of the caudate body, potentially indicative of a response to medication. Striatal shape may be considered complimentary to volume as an endophenotype, and, in some cases may provide information that is not detectable using standard volumetric techniques. Our striatal shape findings demonstrate the striking localization of abnormalities in striatal the head. The neuroanatomical localization of these findings suggest the presence of @entity854 in @entity161 and resilience mechanisms in COSSIBs with age dependent normalization. Hum Brain Mapp, 2014.    2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: @entity854 as novel neurodevelopmental endophenotypes in XXXX : A longitudinal study.

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['cortical thickness deficits']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychoses']

entities_list: @entity19096 :: ('MESH:D012561', 'Disease') :: ['COS', 'childhood onset schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in the striatal-prefrontal circuits']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The utility of ghrelin as a biomarker may be different depending on gender. The aim of this study was to assess ghrelin levels in a population-based sample of adolescents, and to evaluate their association with @entity28 and @entity28 -related parameters depending on sex. METHODS: The studied population included 601 randomly selected 14-to 16-year-old @entity1 . Anthropometrical data were measured and body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio calculated. Body composition was assessed using an impedance body composition analyzer. Total serum ghrelin levels were determined using a multiplexed bead immunoassay. Serum leptin and @entity1254 levels were determined by ELISA and insulin by RIA. RESULTS: Ghrelin levels were significantly higher in @entity1 than in boys. Serum ghrelin concentrations were significantly lower (p<0.01) in @entity28 than in normal weight (NW) @entity1 , but showed no differences by weight category in @entity1 . Ghrelin showed a significant negative relationship with waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio and fat mass (p<0.05) in both genders, and with weight and BMI (p<0.01) in @entity1 , and insulin (p<0.01) and HOMA (p<0.05) in @entity1 . Ghrelin also correlated negatively with leptin levels in @entity1 (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our study describes serum ghrelin levels in adolescents, showing a sexual dimorphism in ghrelin levels in these 14-to 16-year-old @entity1 , and a different association of ghrelin levels with @entity28 by gender that suggests a different appetite and energy expenditure control depending on sex at this age.

title: Sex-related differences in the association of ghrelin levels with XXXX in adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Molecular profile of @entity463 multiforme (GBM) revealed 4 subtypes, 2 of which, proneural and mesenchymal, have been predominantly observed, with the latter displaying a more @entity146 phenotype and increased therapeutic resistance. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that multiple subtypes actually reside within the same @entity5 , suggesting cellular heterogeneity in GBM. Further, plasticity between these 2 subtypes is observed during @entity5 recurrence and in response to radiation therapy. METHODS: @entity1 -derived GBM stemlike cells were cultured as neurospheres. These cells were differentiated in serum by attaching to the culture dishes. The "floating" cells that were not attached/differentiated were harvested from the conditioned medium. The characteristics of these cells were studied with limiting dilution assays and immunofluorescence staining. Cell growth and nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkB) activation were monitored using bioluminescent assays as well as quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. In vivo tumorigenesis was evaluated in orthotopic xenograft models using bioluminescence imaging. RESULTS: @entity1 -derived GBM stemlike cells undergo differentiation by attaching to the culture dish in serum-containing medium. We observed that a small subset of these cells escape this adhesion/differentiation and grow as floating cells. These cells displayed enhanced @entity5 stem cell properties with a molecular and phenotypic mesenchymal signature, including resistance to radiation and targeted therapies, a more @entity146 @entity5 formation, and NFkB activation. CONCLUSION: Our results endorse inherent intratumor molecular subtype heterogeneity in @entity463 and provide a valuable approach to study phenotypic plasticity, which could be applied to find novel therapeutic strategies to eradicate this @entity146 @entity5 and can be extended to other @entity5 types.

title: Dissecting inherent intratumor heterogeneity in @entity1 -derived XXXX culture models.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Vesicular transporter proteins are an essential component of the presynaptic machinery that regulates neurotransmitter storage and release. They also provide a key point of control for homeostatic signaling pathways that maintain balanced excitation and inhibition following changes in activity levels, including the onset of sensory experience. To advance understanding of their roles in the developing auditory forebrain, we tracked the expression of the vesicular transporters of @entity3264 ( @entity18358 , @entity53793 ) and @entity1246 ( @entity18359 ) in primary auditory cortex (A1) and medial geniculate body (MGB) of developing @entity19 (P7, @entity14819 , @entity3843 , @entity5207 , adult) before and after ear canal opening (~ @entity14819 -P13). RNA sequencing, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry were combined to track changes in transporter expression and document regional patterns of transcript and protein localization. Overall, vesicular transporter expression changed the most between P7 and @entity5207 . The expression patterns and maturational trajectories of each marker varied by brain region, cortical layer, and MGB subdivision. @entity18358 expression was highest in A1, moderate in MGB, and increased with age in both regions. @entity53793 mRNA levels were low in A1 at all ages, but high in MGB, where adult levels were reached by @entity3843 . @entity53793 immunoreactivity was prominent in both regions. @entity18358 (+) and @entity53793 (+) transcripts were co-expressed in MGB and A1 somata, but co-localization of immunoreactive puncta was not detected. In A1, @entity18359 mRNA levels were relatively stable from P7 to adult, while immunoreactivity increased steadily. @entity18359 (+) transcripts were rare in MGB neurons, whereas @entity18359 immunoreactivity was robust at all ages. Morphological changes in immunoreactive puncta were found in two regions after ear canal opening. In the ventral MGB, a decrease in @entity53793 puncta density was accompanied by an increase in puncta size. In A1, perisomatic @entity18359 and @entity18358 terminals became prominent around the neuronal somata. Overall, the observed changes in gene and protein expression, regional architecture, and morphology relate to-and to some extent may enable-the emergence of mature sound-evoked activity patterns. In that regard, the findings of this study expand our understanding of the presynaptic mechanisms that regulate critical period formation associated with experience-dependent refinement of sound processing in auditory forebrain circuits.

title: Differential maturation of vesicular @entity3264 and @entity1246 transporter expression in the XXXX auditory forebrain during the first weeks of hearing.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Importance: The fact that individuals with @entity161 have high @entity65 and mortality is well established. However, risk status and moderators or mediators in the earliest stages of illness are less clear. Objective: To assess cardiometabolic risk in first-episode @entity161 spectrum disorders (FES) and its relationship to illness duration, antipsychotic treatment duration and type, sex, and race/ethnicity. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : Baseline results of the Recovery After an Initial @entity161 Episode (RAISE) study, collected between July 22, 2010, and July 5, 2012, from 34 community mental health facilities without major research, teaching, or clinical FES programs. @entity1 were aged 15 to 40 years, had research-confirmed diagnoses of FES, and had less than 6 months of lifetime antipsychotic treatment. Exposure: Prebaseline antipsychotic treatment was based on the community clinician's and/or @entity1 's decision. Main Outcomes and Measures: Body composition and fasting lipid, @entity413 , and insulin parameters. Results: In 394 of 404 @entity1 with cardiometabolic data (mean [SD] age, 23.6 [5.0] years; mean [SD] lifetime antipsychotic treatment, 47.3 [46.1] days), 48.3% were @entity28 or overweight, 50.8% smoked, 56.5% had @entity2299 , 39.9% had @entity1556 , 10.0% had @entity101 , and 13.2% had @entity209 . @entity5710 ( @entity413 based, 4.0%; hemoglobin A1c based, 15.4%) and @entity6 ( @entity413 based, 3.0%; hemoglobin A1c based, 2.9%) were less frequent. Total @entity146 duration correlated significantly with higher body mass index, fat mass, fat percentage, and waist circumference (all P   <   .01) but not elevated metabolic parameters (except @entity1674 to HDL-C ratio [P   =   .04]). Conversely, antipsychotic treatment duration correlated significantly with higher non-HDL-C, @entity1674 , and @entity1674 to HDL-C ratio and lower HDL-C and systolic blood pressure (all P    <=   .01). In multivariable analyses, @entity1037 was significantly associated with higher @entity1674 , insulin, and insulin resistance, whereas @entity1089 was associated with significantly higher @entity1674 to HDL-C ratio (all P    <=   .02). Conclusions and Relevance: In @entity1 with FES, cardiometabolic risk factors and abnormalities are present early in the illness and likely related to the underlying illness, unhealthy lifestyle, and antipsychotic medications, which interact with each other. Prevention of and early interventions for @entity146 and treatment with lower-risk agents, routine antipsychotic adverse effect monitoring, and smoking cessation interventions are needed from the earliest illness phases.

title: Cardiometabolic Risk in XXXX With First-Episode @entity161 Spectrum Disorders: Baseline Results From the RAISE-ETP Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity5710 :: ('MESH:D011236', 'Disease') :: ['Prediabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric illness']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine fumarate']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity1556 :: ('MESH:D058246', 'Disease') :: ['prehypertension']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Six distinct genes have been identified as belonging to the type IV collagen gene family. They can be organized into three sets, i.e., @entity5938 / @entity12580 , @entity19787 / @entity13999 , and @entity3687 / @entity42442 , which are localized on three different chromosomes in @entity1 , 13, 2, and X, respectively. Within each set the genes are aligned head-to-head and their expression is regulated by bidirectional promoters between the genes. Transcriptional regulation of the @entity5938 / @entity12580 set has been well characterized. The transcription of @entity42442 seems to be controlled by two alternative promoters. While collagen IV molecules composed of @entity6927 chains are broadly distributed, molecules comprising combinations of the other four chains, alpha3-alpha6, are important components of specialized basement membranes. The precise chain composition of triple-helical molecules assembled from the alpha3-alpha6 chains is not entirely clear, but it is hypothesized that alpha3-alpha5 chains and alpha5 and alpha6 chains form heterotrimeric molecules. Several pieces of evidence indicate that alpha3/alpha4/alpha5 molecules and alpha5/alpha6 molecules are components of the basement membrane network. This helps explain the observation that the kidney and skin basement membranes from @entity1 with @entity3686 caused by mutations in the alpha5 coding gene, @entity3687 , are defective in the alpha3, @entity1293 chains together with the alpha5 chain. Large deletions involving the @entity3687 and @entity42442 genes have been found in rare cases of @entity32355 associated with @entity3686 .

title: Organization and expression of basement membrane collagen IV genes and their roles in XXXX disorders.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3686 :: ('MESH:D009394', 'Disease') :: ['Alport syndrome']

entities_list: @entity32355 :: ('MESH:C537113', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse leiomyomatosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We performed a phenotype study of 35 individuals (19 males, 16 females) with @entity3521 chromosome 22 or r(22) with a mean age of 10 years. In common with other studies, a phenotype of moderate-to-profound @entity4207 and delay or absence of speech affected all individuals with the exception of the case with the smallest deletion. Autistic traits were significantly associated with r(22), as shown by an @entity2438 screening questionnaire. Mild and variable @entity154 , predominantly craniofacial and distal limb, were observed. Internal organ involvement was uncommon. Even though @entity3521 chromosomes are reportedly associated with growth abnormalities, only 2 out of 24 individuals showed evidence of @entity851 , while 2 showed accelerated growth. Chromosome 22 long arm deletions, as determined by hemizygosity for informative microsatellite markers, varied from <67 kb to 10.2 Mb in size (or <0.15 to 21% of total chromosome length), with no significant differences in the parental origin of the @entity3521 chromosome. Few phenotypic features correlated with deletion size suggesting a critical gene, or genes, of major effect lies close to the telomere. Loss of the @entity44788 / @entity44788 gene has been proposed to be responsible for the main @entity16 observed in 22q13 monosomies. This study supports this candidate gene by identifying a phenotypically normal r(22) individual whose @entity3521 chromosome does not disrupt @entity44788 . All other r(22) individuals were hemizygous for @entity44788 , and we propose it to be a candidate gene for @entity2438 or abnormal brain development.

title: Molecular and phenotypic characterization of XXXX chromosome 22.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['dysmorphic features']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth failure']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological developmental deficits']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning difficulties']

answer: @entity3521 :: (MESH:D012303,Disease) :: ['ring']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity73 has long been recognized as a co-morbidity or sequel to @entity302 . This study was conducted to evaluate the degree and selectivity of involvement of memory, language and executive functions performance among @entity1 with temporal (TLE) versus @entity302 ( @entity302 ). METHODS: We prospectively enrolled adolescent and adult @entity1 with medically refractory focal @entity302 , who had undergone pre-surgical evaluation. Language, memory and executive function assessment was done using Western Aphasia Battery, PGI memory scale and battery of four executive function tests (trail making test A _ B, digit symbol test, Stroop Task and verbal fluency test), respectively. RESULTS: Among102 @entity1 enrolled (TLE-59, @entity302 -43), mean age of @entity1 23.04  8.3 years, 83 (82%) had impairment of more than one cognitive domain and 21 (21%) had all three domains involved. Severely impaired memory scores were found in 8.6% @entity1 with MTLE-HS, 8% of the rest of the @entity1 with TLE and 7% @entity1 with @entity302 . The differences in the mean scores were also not found statistically significant (p=0.669). Naming impairment was the most common language abnormality, although all @entity2026 subscores were similar for the @entity302 and TLE groups. Executive function impairment was the most common cognitive domain affected. Overall performance on executive function tests was found impaired in almost all @entity1 of both groups without any significant inter-group difference, except on Trail-A test, which revealed better results in @entity1 with mTLE-HS as compared to all other sub-groups. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that @entity2414 , language and executive function is common among @entity1 with drug @entity302 . The most @entity73 is in executive function. There is no significant difference in the degree, prevalence or selectivity of impairment in either of the three domains, between the TLE versus @entity302 groups.

title: Memory, executive function and language function are similarly impaired in both temporal and extra temporal XXXX -A prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['prevalent impairment', 'Cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['ETLE', 'refractory epilepsy', 'extratemporal epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of memory']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['refractory epilepsy']


abstract: @entity4495 (GPI)-specific phospholipases are highly valuable for studying the structure and function of GPIs. GPI-specific phospholipase C (GPI-PLC) from @entity3177 and @entity4357 -specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) from @entity5259 are the most widely studied of this class of phospholipases C. Inhibition of protein activity by @entity1432 reagents is indicative of the participation of @entity462 residues in biochemical events. The @entity1432 reagent @entity52313 ( @entity52313 ) inhibits @entity3177 GPI-PLC, which has eight @entity462 residues. Surprisingly, we found that the activity of @entity5259 PI-PLC is also blocked by pCMPS, although the protein does not contain @entity462 residues. Inhibition of @entity5259 PI-PLC was reversed when pCMPS was size-separated from a preformed pCMPS.PI-PLC complex. In contrast, no activity was recovered when @entity3177 GPI-PLC was subjected to a similar protocol. Equimolar @entity5643 (beta-ME) reversed the inhibition of PI-PLC activity in a pCMPS.PI-PLC complex. For @entity3177 GPI-PLC, however, ultrafiltration of the pCMPS.GI-PLC complex and addition of a large excess of beta-ME was necessary for partial recovery of enzyme activity. Thus @entity3177 GPI-PLC is susceptible to inactivation by covalent modification with pCMPS, whereas PI-PLC is not. Kinetic analysis indicated that pCMPS was a competitive inhibitor of PI-PLC when a GPI was a substrate. Curiously, with @entity4357 as substrate, inhibition was no longer competitive. These data suggest that pCMPS is a glyco-mimetic that occupies the glycan binding site of PI-PLC, from where, depending on the substrate, it inhibits catalysis allosterically or competitively.

title: @entity462 -less @entity4495 -specific phospholipase C is inhibited competitively by a XXXX reagent: evidence for glyco-mimicry by @entity52313 .

entities_list: @entity5643 :: ('CHEBI:41218', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-mercaptoethanol']

entities_list: @entity52313 :: ('MESH:D002731', 'Chemical') :: ['pCMPS', 'p-chloromercuriphenylsulphonate']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity3177 :: ('5691', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma brucei', 'T. brucei']

entities_list: @entity5259 :: ('1396', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus cereus', 'B. cereus']

entities_list: @entity4495 :: ('MESH:D017261', 'Chemical') :: ['Glycosylphosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity1432 :: (CHEBI:29256,Chemical) :: ['thiol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1071 ( @entity1071 ) incidence is difficult to determine, mainly because both early and other lesions may go unrecognized and unregistered. Few studies have included systematic pathology review to maximize case identification and decide more accurately @entity1071 frequency after long-term post-transplantation follow-up. A retrospective population-based cohort study including all kidney transplant recipients at two Danish centres (1990-2011; population covered 3.1 million; 2175 transplantations in 1906 @entity1 ). Pathology reports were reviewed for all @entity1 biopsies to identify possible PTLDs. Candidate PTLDs underwent histopathological review and classification. Seventy @entity1071 cases were identified in 2175 transplantations (3.2%). The incidence rate (IR) after first transplantation was 5.4 cases per 1000 @entity1 -years (95% CI: 4.0-7.3). Most PTLDs were monomorphic (58.5%), or early lesions (21.5%). Excluding early lesions and @entity1 <18 years, IR was 3.7 (95% CI: 2.9-5.5). Ten @entity1 with @entity1071 were retransplanted, 2 developing further PTLDs. Post-transplant @entity1 survival was inferior in @entity1 with @entity1071 , while death-censored graft survival was not. Using registry data together with extensive pathological review and long follow-up, a rather high incidence of @entity1071 was found.

title: XXXX following kidney transplantation: a population-based cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['PTLD', 'Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder']

answer: @entity1071 :: (MESH:D008232,Disease) :: ['Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: We investigated the anatomical localization, biomechanical properties, and molecular phenotype of myocardial collagen tissue in 40 @entity1 with severe @entity472 with preserved ejection fraction and symptoms of @entity712 . METHODS: Two transmural biopsies were taken from the left ventricular free wall. Mysial and nonmysial regions of the collagen network were analyzed. Myocardial collagen volume fraction (CVF) was measured by picrosirius red staining. Young's elastic modulus (YEM) was measured by atomic force microscopy in decellularized slices to assess stiffness. Collagen types I and III were measured as CIVF and CIIIVF, respectively, by confocal microscopy in areas with YEM evaluation. RESULTS: Compared with controls, @entity1 exhibited increased mysial and nonmysial CVF and nonmysial:mysial CVF ratio (P < .05). In @entity1 , nonmysial CVF (r = 0.330; P = .046) and the nonmysial:mysial CVF ratio (r = 0.419; P = .012) were directly correlated with the ratio of maximal early transmitral flow velocity in diastole to early mitral annulus velocity in diastole. Both the CIVF:CIIIVF ratio and YEM were increased (P <=  .001) in nonmysial regions compared with mysial regions in @entity1 , with a direct correlation (r = 0.895; P < .001) between them. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that, in @entity1 with severe @entity472 with preserved ejection fraction and symptoms of @entity712 , @entity67 is associated with increased nonmysial deposition of collagen, predominantly type I, resulting in increased extracellular matrix stiffness. Therefore, the characteristics of collagen tissue may contribute to @entity67 in these @entity1 .

title: Role of Myocardial Collagen in Severe @entity472 With Preserved Ejection Fraction and Symptoms of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Heart Failure']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to report the first case, to our knowledge, of @entity548 occurring 1 hour after @entity9498 premedication in a @entity1 with previously undiagnosed @entity2479 and @entity323 . METHODS: This is an interventional case report. The @entity1 underwent Snellen vision acuity measurement, anterior and posterior segment biomicroscopy, and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Optical coherence tomography, @entity941 angiography, and @entity3194 angiography were also performed as needed. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator 100  g/0.1 mL and 0.3 mL pure SF6 gas were injected in the vitreous on presentation. Four days later, the @entity1 received 1.25 mg/0.1 mL of intravitreal bevacizumab. RESULTS: One day after recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and gas injection, visual acuity rose to 20/60-2. A week later, visual acuity was unchanged, and the subretinal @entity548 displaced from the foveola. Optical coherence tomography showed a marked regression of submacular thickening. CONCLUSION: Despite strict time correlation, the submacular @entity548 cannot be unequivocally attributed to @entity9498 assumption because many other risk factors are to be considered: the Valsalva maneuver above all. Nonetheless, a suspicion should be raised, at least as a cofactor, given the drug mechanism of action and the report of @entity455 bleeding in the literature, including cerebral @entity600 and @entity1415 . Caution should be exercised in the prescription of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors to @entity1 with known @entity455 including retinal and @entity3193 : @entity2479 , classic and occult neovascularization of any origin, and also, possibly, @entity2695 .

title: Intracoital @entity548 after XXXX (cialis) premedication: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'intracoital subfoveal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal angiomatous proliferation']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity9498 :: ('MESH:C429886', 'Chemical') :: ['tadalafil']

entities_list: @entity3194 :: ('MESH:D007208', 'Chemical') :: ['indocyanine green']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['arterovenous malformation']

entities_list: @entity3193 :: ('MESH:D015862', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity9498 :: (MESH:C429886,Chemical) :: ['tadalafil']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The limited pelvic lymphadenectomy (LPL) is currently considered the referred method of identification of nodal micrometastases in localized @entity263 . Lymphoscintigraphy (LS) and radioguided sentinel node biopsy (RSNB) could be an alternative method of nodal staging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between June 2003 and February 2007 19 @entity1 with @entity263 without @entity3 were included in the study. Mean age was 66 years, mean PSA 15.51 ng/ml, Gleason score > 6. A transrectal ultrasound was performed with intraprostatic administration of 0.2 ml/190 MBq 99 mTc bound to nanocolloid particles, prepared the day before surgery. Dynamic and static scans of the pelvis were obtained at 30', 60' and 120' after injection. Hot spots outside the site of administration were considered as sentinel nodes (SLNs). Prior to prostatectomy, LPL was performed. The presence of a labeled node after LPL, identified by a gamma probe slided slowly down the chain of lymphatic drainage, was indication for an LPE. RESULTS: A sentinel node was identified in 17/19 @entity1 with preoperative lymphoscintigraphy (identification rate 89%) and in 16/19 @entity1 during surgery (84%) with a negative predictive value of 97%. The most frequent site was identified at the level of hypogastric lymph nodes (56%), outside the standard of limited pelvic lymphadenectomy, followed by external iliac (33%), obturator (7%) and common iliac (4%) lymph nodes. Lymph node @entity3 were detected by histological examination in 2 @entity1 (13%); total metastatic nodes found were 9: one in the first, and 8 in the second @entity1 . Two metastatic nodes (22%) not removed by the limited pelvic lymphadenectomy were found with the sentinel lymph node dissection. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound approach for lymphoscintigraphy and sentinel node identification, is a valuable tool in the staging of localized @entity263 .

title: Transrectal ultrasound approach for identification and radioguided biopsy of sentinel node in lymph node staging of localized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 1118 Background: Achievement of pathologic complete response (pCR) to preoperative therapy is a predictor of improved disease-free and overall survival. Sequential and concurrent regimens of D and C were evaluated in @entity1 with @entity1722 -negative @entity0 who were candidates for preoperative chemotherapy. METHODS: @entity1 with Stage I (>1.0 cm), II or III, Her-negative @entity0 from Georgia-based oncology network were randomized between Arm A: sequential therapy with D 100 mg/m(2) every 3 weeks for 4 cycles followed by C 1000 mg/m(2) PO BID on days 1-14 of 3 week cycle for 4 cycles; Arm B: concurrent therapy with with D 50 mg/m(2) on day 1 and C 1000 mg/m(2) PO BID on days 1-7 of 2 week cycle for 8 cycles. Primary endpoint was pCR rate; secondary endpoints included response rate and @entity137 . RESULTS: 51 @entity1 were accrued (4/2007-7/2009), Arm A (n=25) Arm B (n=26) and are evaluable for primary endpoint. @entity1 were accrued at academic center (45%), county hospital (33%), and community sites (22%). Median age was 50.3 years. Median @entity5 size was 6.1 cm. 35 of 51 (68.6%) were clinically node-positive at study entry. 57% of @entity1 were African American, 35% Caucasian, and 8% other. 30 of 51 (58.8%) of @entity1 had ER and/or PR-positive @entity5 ; 21 of 51 (41.2%) had ER/PR-negative @entity5 (triple negative). Treatment was well-tolerated with expected grade 3-4 @entity137 : @entity1398 15.7%; @entity8566 5.9%; @entity16 3.9%. On Arm A, clinical complete response (CR) rate was 32%. Partial response (PR) rate was 28%. @entity66 ( @entity66 ) rate was 12 %. @entity74 ( @entity74 ) rate was 28%. On Arm B, clinical CR rate was 46.2%. PR rate was 42.3%. @entity66 rate was 3.8%. @entity74 rate was 7.7%. pCR rate was 8% for Arm A and 11.5% for Arm B. Among triple negative @entity0 subjects, pCR rate was 19%. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first clinical trial to accrue @entity1 through a Georgia-based oncology trial network and more than half of enrolled @entity1 were African American. The final results from this phase II trial of D and C show that both regimens were well-tolerated and had modest clinical activity, with greater activity in the concurrent therapy arm and among triple negative @entity1 .

title: Final results from randomized phase II trial of preoperative docetaxel (D) and capecitabine (C) given sequentially or concurrently for @entity1722 -negative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity8566 :: ('MESH:D060831', 'Disease') :: ['hand-foot syndrome']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Progressive disease', 'PD']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancers']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The outcome for a wide variety of diseases and treatment methods varies by gender. In an effort to determine whether gender has a role in the outcome of @entity449 repair, we analyzed data from consecutive @entity1 treated at a single institution over 6 years. METHODS: Over 6 years ending in March 2002, 704 @entity1 underwent endovascular repair of an @entity1028 at The Cleveland Clinic. Six hundred six @entity1 (86.1%) were @entity1 and 98 @entity1 (13.9%) were @entity1 . Preprocedure and postprocedure imaging studies were evaluated to determine the frequency of @entity439 sac shrinkage or growth, defined as diameter change equal to or greater than 5 mm. Presence and type of endoleak was assessed with non-contrast material-enhanced, post-contrast-enhanced, and delayed post-contrast-enhanced computed tomography scans. These and other clinical variables were assessed with the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox-Mantel log-rank test, and values were expressed as mean +/- SE. RESULTS: Male and female @entity1 were comparable with respect to baseline comorbid conditions. @entity1 , however, were slightly older (76.7 +/- 0.7 years vs 74.4 +/- 0.3 years; P =.009), and had slightly smaller @entity439 (5.2 +/- 0.1 cm vs 5.4 +/- 0.04 cm; P =.033). There were no gender-specific differences in perioperative mortality ( @entity1 , 1.3%; @entity1 , 3.1%; P =.197) or mid-term (24 months) survival ( @entity1 , 80% +/- 2.6%; @entity1 , 78% +/- 8.1%). Similarly, there were no differences at 24 months in risk for graft migration (7.5% +/- 2.0% vs 5.4% +/- 3.2%), need for secondary remedial procedures (24% +/- 2.9% vs 21% +/- 6.3%), conversion to open surgery (3.9% +/- 1.5% vs 3.8% +/-2.7%), or post-repair @entity1756 (1.1% +/- 0.9% vs 2.2% +/-2.2%) in male and female @entity1 , respectively. In contrast, risk for graft limb occlusion at 24 months was significantly higher in @entity1 than in @entity1 (11% +/- 5.2% vs 3.3% +/- 1.1%; P =.022). While frequency of endoleak of any type did not differ among male and female @entity1 , @entity439 sac shrinkage at 24 months was more rapid in @entity1 (76% +/- 8.1% vs 57% +/- 3.5%; P =.019). CONCLUSIONS: With the exception of slightly older age and somewhat smaller @entity439 , female @entity1 are similar to male @entity1 undergoing @entity439 repair. A greater frequency of graft limb occlusion was observed in female @entity1 , but no statistically significant differences were detected in survival, rupture risk, or need for secondary procedures. Moreover, a more rapid rate of @entity439 sac shrinkage was detected in @entity1 . These observations suggest that @entity439 repair should be offered to suitable candidates irrespective of gender.

title: XXXX repair: gender-specific results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm', 'aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm rupture']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['Endovascular aneurysm']


abstract: @entity1 endometrium expresses specific kappa-opioid binding sites and their endogenous ligands, the dynorphins. In neural crest-derived tissues, kappa-opioids affect apoptosis, a phenomenon of major significance in endometrial stroma physiology. Our hypothesis was that endometrial kappa-opioids may play a role in endometrial stromal cell apoptosis. Thus, we examined the effect of the synthetic kappa-opioid agonist, @entity25838 , on the apoptotic rate of @entity1 endometrial stromal cells in primary culture. Apoptosis of endometrial stromal cells was elevated after 3 h exposure to 100 nmol/l @entity25838 , and remained elevated for up to 3 days. This effect was dose-dependent and was reversed by the general opioid antagonist, @entity1510 , suggesting that it is mediated via opioid receptors. In parallel, semi-quantitative Western blot and flow cytometry analysis showed that @entity25838 caused a rapid but transient up-regulation of Fas protein, suggesting that its effect on apoptosis is mediated by activation of the Fas/ @entity12 apoptotic pathway. Additionally, @entity25838 increased the content of the anti-apoptotic members of the @entity588 family of proteins, the @entity588 and @entity1836 , whereas it had no significant effect on the apoptosis-promoting homologues @entity589 , @entity1836 (S) and Bak. This implies that a transient survival mechanism is activated in stromal cells as a parallel rescue response to the apoptosis-inducing factor. In conclusion, our data suggest that endometrial opioid dynorphins may participate in the apoptotic processes related to @entity1478 during early pregnancy or menstruation.

title: The Fas/ XXXX apoptotic pathway is involved in kappa-opioid-induced apoptosis of @entity1 endometrial stromal cells.

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial tissue remodelling']

answer: @entity12 :: (356,Gene) :: ['FasL']


abstract: @entity25551 produces parasporal insecticidal crystal proteins (ICPs) that have larvicidal activity against some members of the order Diptera, such as blackflies and mosquitoes. Hydrolysis of the ICPs in the larval gut results in four major proteins with a molecular mass of 27, 65, 128, and 135 kDa. @entity137 is caused by synergistic interaction between the 25-kDa protein (proteolytic product of the 27-kDa protein) and one or more of the higher-molecular-mass proteins. Equilibrium adsorption of the proteins on the clay minerals @entity6638 and @entity4563 , which are homoionic to various cations, was rapid (<30 min for maximal adsorption), increased with protein concentration and then reached a plateau (68 to 96% of the proteins was adsorbed), was significantly lower on @entity4563 than on @entity6638 , and was not significantly affected by the valence of the cation to which the clays were homoionic. Binding of the toxins decreased as the pH was increased from 6 to 11, and there was 35 to 66% more binding in @entity1391 buffer at pH 6 than in distilled water at pH 6 or 7.2. Only 2 to 12% of the adsorbed proteins was desorbed by two washes with water; additional washings desorbed no more toxins, indicating that they were tightly bound. Formation of clay-toxin complexes did not alter the structure of the proteins, as indicated by @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis of the equilibrium supernatants and desorption washes and by dot blot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of the complexes, which was confirmed by enhanced chemiluminescence Western blot analysis. Free and clay-bound toxins resulted in 85 to 100% mortality of the mosquito @entity10722 . Persistence of the bound toxins in nonsterile water after 45 days was significantly greater (mortality of 63% +/- 12.7%) than that of the free toxins (mortality of 25% +/- 12.5%).

title: Activity of free and clay-bound insecticidal proteins from XXXX against the mosquito @entity10722 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity4563 :: ('MESH:D007616', 'Chemical') :: ['kaolinite']

entities_list: @entity10722 :: ('7175', 'Species') :: ['Culex pipiens']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity6638 :: ('MESH:D001546', 'Chemical') :: ['montmorillonite']

entities_list: @entity25551 :: ('1430', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis']

answer: @entity25551 :: (1430,Species) :: ['Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis']