abstract: Key disparities between the timing and methods of assessment in animal @entity64 studies and clinical trial may be part of the reason for the failure to translate promising findings. This study investigates the development of @entity2806 after thread occlusion MCAo in the @entity35 , using histological and behavioural outcomes. Using the adhesive removal test we investigate the longevity of behavioural deficit after @entity385 in @entity35 , and examine the practicality of using such measures as the primary outcome for future studies. @entity385 was induced in 132 Spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 which were assessed for behavioural and histological deficits at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 days, 12 and 24 weeks (n>11 per timepoint). The basic behavioural score confirmed induction of @entity64 , with deficits specific to @entity64 animals. Within 7 days, these deficits resolved in 50% of animals. The adhesive removal test revealed contralateral neglect for up to 6 months following @entity64 . Sample size calculations to facilitate the use of this test as the primary experimental outcome resulted in cohort sizes much larger than are the norm for experimental studies. Histological damage progressed from a @entity1188 to a hypercellular area that cleared to leave a fluid filled cavity. Whilst absolute volume of damage changed over time, when corrected for changes in hemispheric volume, an equivalent area of damage was lost at all timepoints. Using behavioural measures at chronic timepoints presents significant challenges to the basic science community in terms of the large number of animals required and the practicalities associated with this. Multicentre preclinical randomised controlled trials as advocated by the MultiPART consortium may be the only practical way to deal with this issue.

title: Evolution of XXXX and behavioural deficit over 6 months after MCAo in the @entity35 : Selecting the optimal outcomes and statistical power for multi-centre preclinical trials.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic damage']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic infarct']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'Ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['ischemic damage']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Valvular strands, thin filamentous material attached to the mitral or aortic valve, are seen during transesophageal echocardiography and have been associated with @entity64 . Little is known about this association in different age, sex, and race-ethnic subgroups and the effect of various strand characteristics on this association. METHODS: From @entity1 referred for transesophageal echocardiography, 73 @entity1 with recent @entity385 (68) or transient @entity63 attack (5) were age matched to 73 @entity64 - and transient @entity63 attack-free control subjects. The association between valvular strands and @entity2806 was evaluated for the overall group and demographic subgroups. The effect of strand location, length, number, and valve thickness was also determined. RESULTS: An association between @entity2806 and valvular strands was observed (odds ratio [OR] = 4.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.0 to 9.6). The association was found for both @entity1 and @entity1 and among all three race-ethnic groups. The OR was greater in those who were younger (12.5 [95% CI = 2.4 to 64.5] for age < 60, 4.8 [95% CI = 1.3 to 18.2] for age 60 to 69, and 1.8 [95% CI = 0.5 to 6.4] for age > or = 70 years). Strands on both the mitral (OR = 3.5; 95% CI = 1.5 to 7.9) and aortic (OR = 3.7; 95% CI = 1.1 to 11.9) valve were associated with @entity2806 , whereas the number and length of strands were not. The effect of strands was independent of mitral or aortic valve thickness. CONCLUSIONS: Valvular strands, whether mitral or aortic, are associated with @entity385 , especially among younger @entity1 .

title: Valvular strands and XXXX . Effect of demographics and strand characteristics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Type 2 @entity6 may be present for several years before diagnosis, by which time many @entity1 have already developed @entity6 complications. Earlier detection and treatment may reduce this burden, but evidence to support this approach is lacking. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Glycemic control and clinical and surrogate outcomes were compared for 5,088 of 5,102 U.K. @entity6 Prospective Study @entity1 according to whether they had low (<140 mg/dl [<7.8 mmol/l]), intermediate (140 to <180 mg/dl [7.8 to <10.0 mmol/l]), or high (> or =180 mg/dl [> or =10 mmol/l]) fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG) levels at diagnosis. Individuals who presented with and without @entity6 symptoms were also compared. RESULTS: Fewer @entity1 with FPG in the lowest category had @entity989 , abnormal biothesiometer measurements, or reported @entity323 . The rate of increase in FPG and HbA(1c) during the study was identical in all three groups, although absolute differences persisted. Individuals in the low FPG group had a significantly reduced risk for each predefined clinical outcome except @entity64 , whereas those in the intermediate group had significantly reduced risk for each outcome except @entity64 and @entity583 . The low and intermediate FPG groups had a significantly reduced risk for progression of @entity989 , @entity10795 sensory threshold, or development of microalbuminuria. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 presenting with @entity164 2 @entity6 with lower initial glycemia who may be earlier in the course of their disease had fewer adverse clinical outcomes despite similar glycemic progression. Since most such @entity1 are asymptomatic at diagnosis, active case detection programs would be required to identify them.

title: Are lower fasting plasma @entity413 levels at diagnosis of @entity164 2 XXXX associated with improved outcomes?: U.K. prospective @entity6 study 61.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity10795 :: ('MESH:D053421', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in vibration']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: AIMS: To investigate relationships between glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and reported hypoglycaemia and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). METHODS: The EXAMINE trial randomized 5380 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 (T2DM) and a recent @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) event, in 49 countries, to double-blind treatment with @entity45702 or placebo in addition to standard of care. We used Cox proportional hazards models to analyse relationships among MACE, HbA1c levels and hypoglycaemic events. RESULTS: @entity1 randomized to @entity45702 achieved lower HbA1c levels than the placebo group in all baseline @entity4051 c categories without differences in hypoglycaemia rates. No systematic change was found in MACE rates according to baseline HbA1c (Pinteraction    =   0.971) or @entity4051 c category at 1   month. @entity1 in the combined treatment groups (n   =   5380) who experienced serious hypoglycaemia (n   =   34) had higher MACE rates than those who did not (35.3% vs 11.4%, adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 2.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.27-4.60; P   =   .007), although the association was less strong when analysing only events after the hypoglycaemic event (adjusted HR 1.60, 95% CI 0.80, 3.20). CONCLUSIONS: There were no relationships between baseline HbA1c levels or HbA1c levels after 1   month of treatment and the risk of MACE. @entity45702 improved glycaemic control without increasing hypoglycaemia. Reported events of hypoglycaemia and serious hypoglycaemia were associated with MACE. These data underscore the safety of @entity45702 in improving glycaemic control in T2DM post- @entity1187 . Further study of hypoglycaemia as an independent risk factor for MACE in @entity1 with T2DM and coronary disease is needed.

title: Relationship of glycated haemoglobin and reported hypoglycaemia to cardiovascular outcomes in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and recent XXXX events: The EXAMINE trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity45702 :: ('MESH:C520853', 'Chemical') :: ['Alogliptin', 'alogliptin']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to retrospectively review the classification, surgical experience, and the functional outcome of @entity2463 ( @entity2463 ) according the type of ARM. METHODS: A total of 311 @entity1 (M:F=200:111) who underwent surgical treatment for ARM between 1990 and 2011 were reviewed. Functional outcomes were evaluated using the Krickenbeck classification. The mean follow-up period was 112.2    76.7months (range: 36.8-414.9months). RESULTS: In the male @entity1 , 90 (45%) had perineal @entity292 , 60 (30%) had urethral @entity292 , and 7 (3.5%) had rectovesical @entity292 . There were 17 cases of ARM without a @entity292 (8.5%), and we could not determine the type of @entity292 in 26 @entity1 (13%) because of follow-up losses and @entity204 . In the female @entity1 , 34 (30.6%) had perineal @entity292 , 71 (64%) had rectovestibular @entity292 , and 2 (1.8%) had @entity3622 . Four @entity1 did not have a @entity292 (3.6%). For 264 @entity1 , we did anoplasty (121 cases), @entity292 transposition (14 cases), and posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP, 129 cases). We found that 224 (84.8%) @entity1 showed @entity717 . The overall rate for @entity1142 was 30.7% and for soiling was 6.5%. The continence outcome was good for 82.2% of @entity1 , fair for 2.7%, and poor for 15.2%. For rectovestibular @entity292 , @entity1142 was higher in the perineal operation group, but the continence outcome was similar. CONCLUSION: Through a review of 20years' experience, an accurate diagnosis based on the Krickenbeck classification and operations following the principles of PSARP are crucial to achieve a good functional outcome in @entity1 with an ARM.

title: Can we expect a favorable outcome after surgical treatment for an XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity2463 :: ('MESH:C537771', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal malformations', 'ARMs']

entities_list: @entity3622 :: ('MESH:D012006', 'Disease') :: ['rectovaginal fistulas']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary bowel movements']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity2463 :: (MESH:C537771,Disease) :: ['anorectal malformation']


abstract: UV light was investigated for the decontamination of raw @entity1573 , associated packaging, and contact surfaces. The UV susceptibilities of a number of @entity5363 isolates (seven @entity5363 isolates and three @entity6920 isolates), @entity526 ATCC 25922, and @entity10435 ATCC 10376 in liquid media were also investigated. From an initial level of 7 log CFU/ml, no viable @entity5363 cells were detected following exposure to the most intense UV dose (0.192 J/cm(2)) in liquid media (skim milk subjected to ultrahigh-temperature treatment and diluted 1:4 with maximum recovery diluent). Maximum reductions of 4.8 and 6.2 log CFU/ml were achieved for @entity526 and serovar Enteritidis, respectively, in liquid media. Considerable differences in susceptibilities were found between the @entity5363 isolates examined, with variations of up to 4 log CFU/ml being observed. UV treatment of raw @entity1573 fillet (0.192 J/cm(2)) reduced @entity5363 , @entity526 , serovar Enteritidis, total viable counts, and Enterobacteriaceae by 0.76, 0.98, 1.34, 1.76, and 1.29 log CFU/g, respectively. Following UV treatment of packaging and surface materials, reductions of up to 3.97, 4.50, and 4.20 log CFU/cm(2) were obtained for @entity5363 , @entity526 , and serovar Enteritidis, respectively (P < 0.05). Overall, the color of UV-treated @entity1573 was not significantly affected (P >=  0.05). The findings of this study indicate that @entity5363 is susceptible to UV technology and that differences in sensitivities exist between investigated isolates. Overall, UV could be used for improving the microbiological quality of raw @entity1573 and for decontaminating associated packaging and surface materials.

title: Efficacy of UV light treatment for the microbiological decontamination of XXXX , associated packaging, and contact surfaces.

entities_list: @entity10435 :: ('149539', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis']

entities_list: @entity5363 :: ('197', 'Species') :: ['Campylobacter jejuni', 'Campylobacter', 'C. jejuni']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity6920 :: ('195', 'Species') :: ['Campylobacter coli']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Synchronous multifocal @entity5 are commonly observed in @entity189 of the bladder. The origin of these physically independent @entity5 has been proposed to occur by either intraluminal migration (clonal) or spontaneous transformation of multiple cells by carcinogens (field effect). It is unclear which model is correct, with several studies supporting both hypotheses. A potential cause of this uncertainty may be the small number of genetic mutations previously used to quantify the relationship between these @entity5 . METHODS: To better understand the genetic lineage of these @entity5 we conducted exome sequencing of synchronous multifocal pTa @entity150 at a high depth, using multiple samples from three @entity1 . RESULTS: Phylogenetic analysis of high confidence single @entity4334 variants (SNV) demonstrated that the sequenced multifocal @entity150 arose from a clonal origin in all three @entity1 (bootstrap value 100 %). Interestingly, in two @entity1 the most common type of @entity5 -associated SNVs were cytosine mutations of @entity33874 @entity2354 (Fisher's exact test p   <   10(-41)), likely caused by APOBEC-mediated deamination. Incorporating these results into our clonal model, we found that @entity33874 type mutations occurred 2-5* more often among SNVs on the ancestral branches than in the more recent private branches (p   <   10(-4)) suggesting that @entity33874 mutations largely occurred early in the development of the @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that synchronous multifocal @entity150 frequently arise from a clonal origin. Our data also suggests that APOBEC-mediated mutations occur early in the development of the @entity5 and may be a driver of tumourigenesis in non-muscle invasive @entity150 .

title: Determining the origin of synchronous multifocal XXXX by exome sequencing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2354 :: ('CHEBI:47885', 'Chemical') :: ['dinucleotides']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial bladder cancers', 'bladder cancers', 'urothelial bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: A chronic, progressive disorder @entity479 Resistant @entity1985 (SRNS) accounts for 10-20% of all @entity1 with @entity1985 . It is a @entity74 comprised of persistent @entity4 , @entity644 , @entity4988 and @entity407 . Treatment for @entity479 -resistant @entity1985 (SRNS) is challenging and @entity1 who suffer from SRNS require aggressive treatment to achieve remission. Calcineurin inhibitors have been used more in an empirical manner than on the basis of clear rationale. It was in 1984 when @entity205 was first considered for the treatment of @entity479 resistant @entity1985 . Cyclosporin is a calcineurin inhibitor that suppresses immune response by downregulating the transcription of various cytokine genes. Till now many studies have been conducted to determine dosages, duration of therapy, side effects and advantages of @entity205 . Treatment of SRNS remains a dif   cult challenge in pediatric nephrology.   Treatment should be individualized according to the underlying histopathology, and clinical and environmental conditions of the @entity1 . There is an urgent need to distinguish as soon as possible those @entity1 who may bene   t from prolonged immunosuppressive treatment from those who will not bene   t from such treatment and who will just suffer from its major side effects. The emerging evidence that the majority of genetic forms of SRNS should receive symptomatic treatment only, should also be clinically tested and studies baring its significance should be evaluated in the future.

title: Use of XXXX Therapy in @entity479 Resistant @entity1985 (SRNS): A Review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['heterogeneous disorder']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['Nephrotic Syndrome', 'nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity479 :: ('D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid', 'Steroid']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['Cyclosporine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation between perioperative @entity4854 and complications after pancreatoduodenectomy. BACKGROUND: Perioperative @entity4854 is associated with complications after various types of surgery. This relation was never investigated for pancreatoduodenectomy. METHODS: In a consecutive series of 330 @entity1 undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy, @entity413 values were collected from the hospital information system during 3 periods: pre-, intra-, and early postoperative. The average @entity413 value per period was calculated for each @entity1 and divided in duals according to the median group value. Odds ratios for complications were calculated for the upper versus lower dual, adjusted for age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification, body mass index, @entity6 , intraoperative blood transfusion, duration of surgery, intraoperative insulin administration, and octreotide use. The same procedures were carried out to assess the consequences of increased @entity413 variability, expressed by the standard deviation. RESULTS: Average @entity413 values were 135 (preoperative), 133 (intraoperative) and 142 mg/dL (early postoperative). Pre- and intraoperative @entity413 values were not associated with @entity260 . Early postoperative @entity4854 (>= 140 mg/dL) was significantly associated with complications [odds ratio (OR) 2.9, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.7-4.9]. Overall, high @entity413 variability was not significantly associated with @entity260 , but early postoperative @entity1 who had both high @entity413 values and high variability had an OR for complications of 3.6 (95% CI, 1.9-6.8) compared to the lower @entity413 dual. CONCLUSIONS: Early postoperative @entity4854 is associated with @entity260 after pancreatoduodenectomy. High @entity413 variability may enhance this risk. Future research must demonstrate whether strict @entity413 control in the early postoperative period prevents complications after pancreatoduodenectomy.

title: Early postoperative XXXX is associated with @entity260 after pancreatoduodenectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['hyperglycemia']


abstract: Reactivity of the @entity10811 -binding Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) in @entity5 has been associated with poor prognosis and @entity3 development. In our @entity16911 /FEMX-I @entity1 @entity320 model, the binding of @entity15069 correlates with experimental lung @entity3 formation in athymic @entity19 . In the present study, the metastatic potential of 2 @entity1 @entity320 cell lines ( @entity16911 and FEMX-I) was assessed in relation to @entity1735 and invasive phenotype. Immunocytological and invasion assays highlighted significant differences between these 2 cell lines. Immuno-cytochemical analysis confirmed the widespread expression of HPA-binding glycoconjugates on @entity16911 but not FEMX-I cells. One of these HPA-binding glycoconjugates, the Tn antigen, was expressed highly on the surface of @entity16911 cells but only weakly in the cytoplasm of FEMX-I cells. The sialyl Tn antigen was expressed in FEMX-I but not in @entity16911 cells. There was no difference between the cell lines in adhesion/rate of trapping in athymic nude @entity19 lung tissues. In Matrigel invasion assays, @entity16911 cells demonstrated an invasion potential more than 6 times greater than that observed with FEMX-I cells. Matrigel invasion of @entity16911 cells was inhibited after incubation with HPA (89%) compared to controls with HPA and @entity26243 blocking sugar or without HPA (p < 0.0005 at 5 df). In contrast, there was no inhibitory effect with the anti-Tn antibody @entity19 . Invasion of FEMX-I cells was not affected by the lectin and the IE3 antibody. Immuno-cytochemical analysis revealed expression of the terminal @entity3649 - and @entity25656 -binding lectin galectin 3 ( @entity14813 ) in these @entity320 cell lines. Expression of both the lectin and its receptor may be a contributory feature in the pulmonary invasion of @entity16911 @entity320 cells. Overall, our findings suggest that HPA-binding glycoconjugates other than the @entity70164 -O-Ser/Thr of the Tn antigen may be important in the extracellular matrix invasion of @entity16911 @entity320 cells.

title: Invasion potential and @entity10811 expression in a XXXX @entity320 model.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity70164 :: ('CHEBI:40356', 'Chemical') :: ['alphaGalNAc']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity25656 :: ('MESH:C066929', 'Chemical') :: ['polylactosamine']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity10811 :: ('CHEBI:28800', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylgalactosamine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: An analysis of the chest recurrences was conducted in 72 consecutive @entity1 with limited @entity151 treated in two successive phase II trials alternating six induction chemotherapy courses and three series of thoracic radiotherapy, followed by maintenance chemotherapy. The total radiation dose was 45 Gy (3 series of 15 Gy) in the first trial, and 55 (20, 20 and 15 Gy) in the second. The effect of the irradiated volume was investigated by comparing the local relapse rates in the group of @entity1 treated by radiation fields encompassing the initial @entity5 volume to another group in which the initial target volume was not fully covered by radiation fields. The definition of these two groups was performed retrospectively by examination of radiological, fiberoptic bronchoscopy initial findings, technical radiation charts and check films. The local recurrence rate were 33 and 36% in each group (no significant difference). This finding could suggest that @entity5 shrinkage after chemotherapy might allow the use of "reduced" radiation volumes. However, the limited number of @entity1 does not permit a definite conclusion. The effect of radiation dose was investigated by comparing the local control rates in the two consecutive trials which delivered 45 and 55 Gy, respectively. No difference in long-term local control was found: the addition of 10 Gy in the second trial only seemed to delay the appearance of local recurrences by 6 months. Twenty percent of @entity1 died from a local relapse without evidence of distant metastases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Alternating radiotherapy and chemotherapy schedules in limited XXXX : analysis of local chest recurrences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small cell lung cancer']


abstract: The objective of these studies were to investigate the digestibility of poultry litter of layers and to add poultry litter to grazing Boran @entity7040 bulls and Ogaden @entity742 in East Ethiopia. Two feeding experiments (132 and 102 days) with Boran @entity7040 bulls (10 and 16 bulls per trial) and one feeding experiment with female Ogaden @entity742 (30 ewes) were carried out. All animals were grazing all day long. During the night the animals of all trials were divided into two groups each. The animals of one group of each experiment obtained poultry litter ad libitum without any other feedstuffs. Apart from feeding trials digestion experiments were carried out in order to determine the digestibility of poultry litter in 4 Ogaden @entity742 . The apparent digestibility of organic matter and crude protein of poultry litter amounted to 69.8 and 82.8%, the net energy content was indicated with 474 EFUc per kg of dry matter. The daily @entity1017 of Boran @entity7040 bulls fed on poultry litter was by 40 and 91 g (6.5 and 13.6% in exp. 1 and 2) higher than that of control groups. Especially during the dry season (Feb./March 1982) bulls supplemented with poultry litter were highly superior in daily @entity1017 (84 and 310 g per day more in exp. 1 and 2) to unsupplemented groups. The daily @entity1017 of Ogaden @entity742 fed on poultry litter in a short-term experiment (56 days) under improved grazing conditions (April-June 1982) was by 13 g per day higher than that of control animals ( @entity1017 : 18 and 31 g per animal and day).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Feeding poultry litter to grazing Boran @entity7040 bulls and Ogaden XXXX in Ethiopia.

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of urine @entity3261 ( @entity3261 ) and @entity20034 ( @entity20034 ) concentrations to diagnose clear cell or @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) by comparing urine concentrations of these unique biomarkers in @entity1 with @entity1358 , noncancer renal masses, @entity150 , and @entity263 . METHODS: From February 1, 2012, through October 31, 2012, preoperative urine samples were obtained from @entity1 with a presumptive diagnosis of @entity1358 based on an imaged renal mass, @entity263 , or transitional cell @entity150 . Imaged renal masses were diagnosed postnephrectomy-as malignant or benign-by histology. Urine @entity3261 and @entity20034 concentrations were measured by using a sensitive and specific Western blot and normalized to urine creatinine concentration. RESULTS: Median concentrations of urine @entity3261 and @entity20034 in @entity1 with clear cell and papillary @entity1358 (n=47) were 29 and 36 relative absorbance units/mg urine creatinine, respectively. In contrast, median concentrations in @entity1 with @entity150 (n=22) and @entity263 (n=27), @entity1 with chromophobe @entity5 (n=7), and @entity1 with @entity8880 (n=9) and @entity359 (n=7) were all less than 10 relative absorbance units/mg urine creatinine (Kruskal-Wallis test, P<.001 vs @entity1358 for both biomarkers) and comparable with those in healthy controls. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ranged from 0.99 to 1.00 for both biomarkers. CONCLUSION: These results support the specificity and sensitivity of urine @entity3261 and @entity20034 concentrations for @entity1358 . These novel tumor-specific proteins have high clinical validity and high potential as specific screening biomarkers for clear cell and papillary @entity1358 as well as in the differential diagnosis of imaged renal masses. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00851994.

title: Urine @entity3261 and @entity20034 differentiate renal carcinomas from other imaged renal masses and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8880 :: ('MESH:C537750', 'Disease') :: ['benign renal oncocytomas']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['papillary renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity359 :: ('MESH:D018207', 'Disease') :: ['angiomyolipomas']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['bladder and prostate cancer']


abstract: 1. In the present study, we investigated the preventive effects of @entity3131 ( @entity15795 ), an antifibrotic agent, on experimental @entity1575 induced by @entity1232 ( @entity1233 ) in @entity35 . 2. Treatment with @entity1233 caused a significant decrease in bodyweight and liver weight. Oral @entity15795 (500 mg/kg daily for 4 weeks) essentially prevented this @entity1233 -induced loss in bodyweight and tended to suppress the loss in liver weight. There were no significant differences in liver weight and serum @entity5098 aminotransferase levels between @entity15795 -treated and -untreated groups. @entity3131 has no major side effects in vivo. 3. @entity3131 suppressed the induction of @entity1575 determined by histological evaluation and reduced hepatic @entity720 levels. Expression of mRNA for type I collagen and transforming growth factor-beta in the liver was also suppressed by @entity15795 treatment. 4. Because hepatic stellate cells (HSC) are the major cellular source of extracellular matrix in @entity1575 , we examined the effects of @entity15795 on type I collagen production in vitro using @entity35 primary HSC cultures. @entity3131 inhibited collagen production in HSC culture in a dose-dependent manner. 5. These results demonstrate that the inhibitory effects of @entity15795 against @entity1575 may be due, at least in part, to blockade of collagen production by HSC and suggest that @entity15795 may be potentially useful in the prevention of the development of @entity1575 .

title: @entity3131 inhibits @entity1232 -induced XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity5098 :: ('CHEBI:16977', 'Chemical') :: ['L-alanine']

entities_list: @entity3131 :: ('MESH:C093844', 'Chemical') :: ['Pirfenidone', 'pirfenidone']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1232 :: ('MESH:D004128', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylnitrosamine']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['hepatic fibrosis']


abstract: Cellular senescence has been proposed to be an in vitro and in vivo block that cells must overcome in order to immortalize and become tumorigenic. To characterize these pathways, we focused on changes in the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and their binding partners that underlie the cell cycle arrest at senescence. As a model, we utilized normal @entity1 prostate epithelial cell (HPEC) and @entity1 uroepithelial cell (HUC) cultures. After 30-40 population doublings cells became growth-arrested in G0/1 with a threefold decrease in @entity15308 -associated activity, a point defined as pre-senescence. Temporally following this @entity851 , the cells develop a senescence morphology and express senescence-associated @entity7791 (SA-beta-gal). Levels of @entity986 ( @entity986 ) and @entity8755 ( @entity8755 ) rise in HUCs during progressive passages, whereas only @entity986 increases in HPEC cultures. The induced expression of @entity8755 , similar to @entity986 , produces a senescent-like phenotype. @entity996 , cyclin D, @entity986 ( @entity42371 ) and @entity5438 ( @entity13525 ) decrease in both cell types. We find that @entity876 , @entity994 ( @entity994 ) and @entity9288 ( @entity9288 ) are transiently elevated in HPECs and HUCs at the pre-senescent @entity851 , then return to low proliferating levels at terminal senescence. Analysis of @entity876 , @entity994 ( @entity994 ), @entity9288 ( @entity9288 ), @entity986 ( @entity986 ), and @entity8755 ( @entity8755 ) reveals altered expression in immortalized, non-tumorigenic @entity1799 E6 and E7 prostate lines and in @entity263 cells. These results indicate: (i) the existence of a subset of growth inhibiting genes elevated at the onset of the senescence, (ii) a distinct class of genes involved in the maintenance of senescence, and (iii) the frequent inactivation of these pathways during immortalization.

title: Role of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in the @entity851 at senescence in XXXX prostate epithelial and uroepithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth arrest']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['tumorigenic prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity7791 :: ('MESH:D016537', 'Disease') :: ['beta-galactosidase']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Since 1991, enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has been available for @entity1 with @entity1120 in Germany. The aim of this study was to analyse the MR pattern of bone marrow involvement and response to ERT in @entity1120 . @entity1 AND DESIGN: Thirty @entity1 with @entity1120 had MRI examinations prior to initiation of ERT with @entity15675 / @entity15675 and during follow-up. Median MR follow-up and duration of ERT were 36 months. Coronal T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo images of the lower extremities were obtained to evaluate changes in the appearance of yellow marrow. MR images were categorized as having either a homogeneous (type A) or non-homogeneous patchy (type B) appearance of bone involvement and response to ERT was assessed by two radiologists. RESULTS: Overall, 19 of 30 @entity1 (63%) showed an increased signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted images after 36 months of ERT, consistent with partial reconversion of fatty marrow during treatment. Focal @entity79 surrounded by a low signal intensity (SI) rim did not respond to ERT, suggesting @entity1188 . Of the 11 @entity1 with @entity1188 (low SI rim lesion), 82% had the non-homogeneous type B pattern (P=0.0021). In 86% of @entity1 with splenectomy, @entity1188 were seen (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: MRI using T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo sequences is a valuable, non-invasive method for monitoring bone marrow response in @entity1 receiving ERT. A non-homogeneous patchy signal intensity of bone marrow involvement correlates with the presence of @entity1188 (P=0.0021).

title: Magnetic resonance imaging of bone marrow changes in XXXX during enzyme replacement therapy: first German long-term results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity15675 :: ('2629', 'Gene') :: ['imiglucerase', 'alglucerase']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['bone infarcts']

entities_list: @entity1120 :: ('MESH:D005776', 'Disease') :: ['Gaucher disease', 'Gaucher disease type I']

answer: @entity1120 :: (MESH:D005776,Disease) :: ['Gaucher disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the prevalence of retinal microvascular characteristics and their associations with @entity731 in elderly, nondiabetic @entity1 . DESIGN AND @entity1 : Population-based, cross-sectional study comprising 2050 @entity1 and @entity1 aged 69 to 97 years without @entity6 , living in four communities. METHODS: @entity1 underwent retinal photography and standardized grading of retinal microvascular characteristics, including @entity989 (e.g., microaneurysms, @entity5861 ), focal @entity543 , and arteriovenous nicking. In addition, calibers of retinal arterioles and venules were measured on digitized photographs to obtain an estimate of generalized @entity543 . @entity731 and its risk factors were obtained from clinical examination and laboratory investigations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of @entity989 and their associations with measures of @entity731 . RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity989 was 8.3% for @entity989 , 9.6% for focal @entity543 , and 7.7% for arteriovenous nicking. All retinal lesions were associated with @entity101 (odds ratios [OR] were 1.8 for @entity989 , 2.1 for focal @entity543 , 1.5 for arteriovenous nicking, and 1.7 for generalized @entity543 ). After controlling for age, gender, race, mean arterial blood pressure, and antihypertensive medication use, @entity989 was associated with prevalent @entity301 (OR, 1.7), prevalent @entity583 (OR, 1.7), prevalent @entity64 (OR, 2.0), presence of @entity543 (OR, 1.9), and increased intima-media thickness of the common carotid (OR, 2.3; fourth vs. first quartile) and internal carotid (OR, 1.8; fourth vs. first quartile) arteries. In contrast, focal @entity543 , arteriovenous nicking, and generalized @entity543 were not associated with any measures of @entity731 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity989 are common in older @entity1 without @entity6 and are related to @entity101 . @entity989 is associated with prevalent @entity301 , @entity64 , and carotid artery thickening, but focal and generalized @entity543 and arteriovenous nicking are not related to most measures of @entity731 . These data suggest that @entity989 reflect processes associated with @entity101 but distinct from @entity731 .

title: The prevalence and risk factors of @entity989 in older XXXX : The Cardiovascular Health Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity5861 :: ('MESH:D012166', 'Disease') :: ['retinal hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'Retinal microvascular abnormalities', 'Retinopathy', 'retinal microvascular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery plaque', 'arteriolar narrowing']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 24 Background: Although nearly 80% of @entity0 @entity1 have someone with them during surgical consultations, there is little research that examines the extent, nature, or impact of informal decision support @entity1 (DSPs) such as partner/spouse, other family members, or friends on @entity0 treatment decision making. METHODS: Two data sources were used: 1) A population based sample of @entity1 recently diagnosed in 2006/7 in the Detroit and Los Angeles SEER catchment areas completed a survey 9 months (N=1837, 72% response rate); and 2) A pilot survey study of a convenience sample of 150 @entity0 @entity1 at three clinical sites surveyed within 18 months that examined more details on the extent and nature of informal decision support networks, including: a) quantity and type of DSPs involved in their treatments, b) number of appointments attended by DSPs, and c) @entity1 -reported satisfaction with DSP's involvement in treatment decision making. RESULTS: Both a spouse/partner and another family member were very important in treatment decision-making for 33% of @entity1 ; a spouse/partner alone was very important for 19%; a family member alone was very important for 13%. A spouse/partner or friends were not important in treatment decision making for 24% of @entity1 . Only 19% of @entity1 reported that a friend was very important in treatment decision making. Friends were much more frequently endorsed among @entity1 with family involvement (45%) vs those without family involvement (5%). Latina @entity1 significantly more often reported that the opinion of a family member was very important vs. other race/ethnic groups (71% vs. 39%, p<0.001). @entity1 in the pilot study reported an average of 2.67 DSPs were involved in locoregional decision making (SD = 2.57 ) vs. an average of 0.8 (SD=1.03) for involvement in systemic treatment decision making. CONCLUSIONS: Many @entity0 @entity1 rely on some informal decision support, but there is a very wide variation in the extent and nature of this support. Further work is needed to understand how to best incorporate DSPs into the treatment decision process. Additional findings will be presented to further describe the impact of informal treatment decision support for @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: Informal decision support networks and treatment decisions for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Maxillofacial @entity130 frequently involves the bony orbit that surrounds the ocular globe. Concomitant @entity130 is a concern whenever orbit @entity130 occurs and in severe cases can occasionally result in @entity1018 . The mechanism of injury, physical exam findings, and radiographic imaging can provide useful information concerning the severity of the injury and concerns for @entity1018 . Using these three tools, it is hypothesized that the @entity1 's history, physical exam, and radiographic findings can identify high-risk maxillofacial @entity130 @entity1 with @entity4858 . Identification of high risk @entity1 who require comprehensive ophthalmologic evaluation may alter management and possibly preserve or restore vision. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective clinical chart review was performed at a tertiary academic medical center. METHODS: Subjects were identified using the institutional @entity130 registry. Data collected included subject demographics, @entity1 medical records and notes, ophthalmologic testing, and radiographic imaging. The incidence of orbit @entity174 and @entity4858 associated with the mechanism of injury, physical exam findings, and radiographic imaging was determined. Statistical analysis was performed using a chi-square and Fisher exact test. RESULTS: In this study, 279 subjects with orbit @entity174 were identified and the incidence of @entity4858 was 27.6% (77 of 279). @entity130 was statistically associated with an increased risk of @entity4858 (P = 0.0340), with penetrating @entity130 being the most likely etiology. The physical exam findings of visual acuity and an afferent @entity2300 were statistically associated with @entity4858 (P = 0.0029 and 0.0001, respectively). Depth of orbit @entity174 on radiographic imaging was statistically associated with @entity4858 (P = 0.0024), with @entity174 extending to the posterior third of the orbit being most likely to have associated @entity4858 . CONCLUSION: Maxillofacial @entity130 @entity1 with orbit @entity174 and @entity4858 occur in more than one in four @entity1 . Comprehensive ophthalmologic evaluation is recommended for all @entity1 who sustain an orbit @entity174 . Subjects with a penetrating @entity130 mechanism of injury, physical exam findings of @entity227 and an afferent @entity2300 , and radiographic imaging demonstrating @entity174 depth involvement of the posterior orbit are at highest risk for @entity1018 and warrant specific concern for @entity4858 assessment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV. Laryngoscope, 126:S5-S11, 2016.

title: Orbit @entity174 : Identifying XXXX factors indicating high risk for ocular and @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual acuity deficits']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity4858 :: ('MESH:D005131', 'Disease') :: ['concomitant ocular injury', 'ocular injury']

entities_list: @entity2300 :: ('MESH:D011681', 'Disease') :: ['pupillary defect']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['globe injury', 'Mechanism of injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Left @entity439 is a rare condition. Only 29 cases have been reported, to our knowledge. We report 1 such case in a 24-year-old @entity1 who complained of @entity1353 and @entity943 . Diagnosis was suspected on review of chest roentgenogram and confirmed by echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. Surgical repair was achieved without complications, and preoperative symptoms disappeared completely. According to the literature, these @entity1 are almost always asymptomatic. When present, the most common symptoms are @entity943 , @entity712 , emboli, and @entity662 . This lesion is seen mainly in young adults (mean age, 23.5 years). The diagnosis should be confirmed by echocardiography, nuclear imaging, and cardiac catheterization. A review of the literature indicates that surgical repair can be accomplished with low mortality and that @entity943 usually disappear postoperatively.

title: XXXX of the left atrium.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['atrial aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['Congenital aneurysm']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity1 with @entity955 ( @entity955 ) in the acute stage of @entity385 or @entity63 ( @entity63 ) are at high risk of recurrent @entity64 , but the optimal anticoagulation strategy remains unclear due to the concern of @entity510 . Novel oral anticoagulants compared to @entity1229 might be more safe and efficacious in @entity1 suitable for early anticoagulation. AIMS: This trial is to evaluate the feasibility of early anticoagulation with @entity3925 in acute @entity385 or @entity63 @entity1 with @entity955 . DESIGN: This is a randomized, open-label, blinded endpoint evaluation trial. Inclusion criteria are (1) @entity955 , (2) presumed @entity64 or @entity63 ( @entity63 ) confirmed by MRI within five-days from onset, and (3) mild to moderate @entity64 severity. We will randomize 196 @entity1 to either @entity3925 (10   mg once daily for five-days followed by 15   mg or 20   mg once daily) or dose-adjusted @entity1229 (coadministration of @entity117 100   mg per day until achieving international normalized ratio of 1  7). The study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02042534). STUDY OUTCOMES: The primary endpoint is the composite of recurrent @entity2806 and @entity510 on MRI at four-weeks. Secondary endpoints are recurrent @entity2806 , @entity510 , major @entity548 , major vascular events, four-week modified Rankin Scale score, and duration of hospitalization after randomization. DISCUSSION: The results of this proof-of-concept trial will guide go/no-go decision to a large phase 3 confirmatory trial.

title: Rationale and design of Triple AXEL: trial for early anticoagulation in acute XXXX @entity1 with nonvalvular @entity955 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cardioembolic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesion', 'ischemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischemic attack', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial bleeding']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity3925 :: ('MESH:C503223', 'Chemical') :: ['rivaroxaban']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'nonvalvular AF', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To report a novel method of accomplishing laparoscopic lower pole partial nephrectomy in an acute porcine model using a bipolar needle electrode without the need for renal @entity432 . METHODS: Six animals (12 renal units) underwent laparoscopic polar nephrectomy using the bipolar needle electrode. After complete laparoscopic mobilization of the lower pole of the kidney, the bipolar needle electrode was repeatedly inserted full-thickness into the renal parenchyma and applied transversely, creating regional @entity63 to the entire lower pole without @entity8 . The specimen was then amputated using laparoscopic scissors. RESULTS: For the 12 laparoscopic partial nephrectomies, the mean operative time was 39 +/- 30 minutes, and the mean @entity190 was 90 +/- 112 mL. Of the 12 cases, 10 (83%) were performed successfully with the bipolar needle electrocautery as the only source of hemostasis and without the need for ancillary hemostatic measures. Two of the procedures (17%) required temporary arterial control for hemostasis. For the successful procedures, the mean operative time was 29 +/- 4 minutes, and the mean @entity190 was 48 +/- 11 mL. Histologic analysis of the specimens demonstrated @entity39 between 2 and 4 mm from the line of the @entity954 . CONCLUSIONS: Bipolar needle electrocautery is a promising device that can be used to facilitate laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with minimal @entity190 and without the need for renal @entity432 and @entity63 . Additional studies are required to optimize the delivery parameters of this device.

title: Bipolar needle electrocautery for laparoscopic partial nephrectomy without XXXX in a porcine model.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal vascular occlusion']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['coagulative necrosis']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['warm ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['surgical incision']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusion']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal vascular occlusion']


abstract: Voice problems are seldom reported in pollen @entity566 , although the @entity56 reaction involves the entire airways. The objective of this study was to investigate @entity409 during the pollen season in @entity1 with @entity2023 . Thirty @entity1 with verified birch pollen @entity566 and 30 controls were investigated twice, during the pollen season and outside the pollen season. Both times they scored @entity1576 , the latter with the validated questionnaire Voice Handicap Index (VHI), and performed standardized voice recordings. These recordings were analyzed in a controlled manner by a professional voice therapist. During the @entity566 season, @entity1 reported more @entity1576 compared with controls. Those with @entity409 scored their voice quality during springtime as 31 mm (95% confidence interval [CI] 20-42 mm), compared with 13 mm (95% CI 6-21 mm for @entity1 without @entity409 (P<0.01). Furthermore, the group with experienced @entity409 scored significantly higher on the VHI in the functional and physical domains and in the total VHI score. Although @entity1740 during the pollen season are rarely discussed, in @entity2023 the larynx may also be involved. These findings support that some @entity1 experience voice change, an experience which can be objectively confirmed.

title: Voice change in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['voice dysfunction', 'blinded scored voice dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory and voice symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1740 :: ('MESH:D014832', 'Disease') :: ['voice problems']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['seasonal allergic rhinitis']


abstract: Culture-negative @entity884 (CNE) is a diagnostic problem in spite of improved echocardiographic and blood culturing techniques. We conducted the present study to estimate the proportion of CNE in @entity1 with @entity884 , to investigate data regarding risk factors, and to evaluate the Duke and the modified Beth Israel criteria in @entity1 with CNE. We evaluated 820 consecutive suspected episodes of @entity884 in adults at the Departments of @entity166 in G  teborg and Bor  s, Sweden (1984-1996). All @entity1 were diagnosed and treated according to a protocol; 487 episodes were identified as @entity884 . Episodes with absence of bacterial growth at blood culture were defined as CNE and were classified with the Duke and the modified Beth Israel criteria. We identified 116 CNE episodes (median age, 67 yr). Mortality was 7%, and in 15%, cardiac surgery was performed. The Duke criteria classified 20 definite, 80 possible, and 16 reject episodes. The modified Beth Israel criteria distinguished 13 definite, 15 probable, 27 possible, and 61 reject episodes. The proportion of CNE among @entity1 with @entity884 varied from 19% to 27% at the 2 departments. Antibiotic treatment preceded blood culture in 45% of the CNE episodes. About 20% in a Scandinavian population of @entity884 @entity1 have CNE. Antibiotic pretreatment explains less than 50% of all CNE episodes. The Duke criteria are more sensitive but less specific than the modified Beth Israel criteria in classifying @entity1 with CNE.

title: A clinical study of culture-negative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['Infectious Diseases']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['endocarditis']


abstract: Recombinant @entity1 deoxyribonuclease (rhDNase) has been shown to reduce sputum viscoelasticity and to improve lung function in @entity1 with @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ). The aim of this study was to determine whether @entity32 would decrease after administration of rhDNase. Twenty @entity1 with @entity1577 and @entity1030 inhaled 2.5 mg of rhDNase daily for 1 month. Before and after the 1-month trial, lung function was measured and sputum was obtained, either after spontaneous expectoration or after sputum induction with hypertonic saline. Sputum total cell and differential counts were measured using techniques previously described. The mean age of the @entity1 was 16.8 years (range, 6.7-27.5). After 1 month of rhDNase, mean FEV1 increased from a baseline of 62.3% predicted to 70.8% (P= 0.02, paired t test); and FVC increased from 74.4% to 83.9% predicted (P=0.007). No significant differences were found in sputum cytology before or after rhDNase (median total cell counts 16.0 x 10(6)/ml vs. 19.3 x 10(6)/ml, P=0.68). Thirteen @entity1 had a 10% or greater increase in FEV1 after rhDNase (responders). Initial lung function was less in responders than in nonresponders (53.5% vs. 78.6%, P=0.007). There was no significant change in total cell count and neutrophil count after rhDNase in either responders or nonresponders. We conclude that @entity32 , as measured by total cell counts in sputum, was a prominent feature in @entity1577 , and neutrophils were the dominant inflammatory cells. Although the administration of rhDNase resulted in significant improvements in FEV1, there was no evidence of accompanying changes in @entity32 .

title: @entity32 after treatment with aerosolized deoxyribonuclease in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['airway inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic suppurative lung disease']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity927 (TXA) significantly decreases @entity190 and transfusion rates after total hip and total knee arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of intravenous TXA on @entity190 and @entity1 outcomes after @entity348 ( @entity348 ). METHODS: TXA was used in 106 consecutive @entity1 undergoing primary anatomic and reverse @entity348 with a dose of 20  mg/kg intravenously (TXA group) and compared with the previous consecutive 88 @entity1 without TXA (non-TXA group). All @entity1 had a blood sample drawn for a hemoglobin and hematocrit determination the morning after surgery. Analysis of variance and   (2) techniques were used to analyze study hypotheses. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences in both hemoglobin loss (TXA group     =  2.13 vs. non-TXA group     =  2.63; P  =  .01) and hematocrit loss (TXA group     =  6.4 vs. non-TXA group     =  8.14; P  <  .01) were seen in the TXA group compared with the non-TXA group. In @entity1 receiving TXA, there were statistically significant decreases in the time spent in the recovery room (mean, TXA group 69  minutes vs. non-TXA group 87  minutes; P  <  .02) and total length of hospitalization (mean, TXA group 1.18  days vs. non-TXA group 1.4  days; P  =  .01). Two @entity1 in the TXA group received a blood transfusion, whereas 6 @entity1 in the non-TXA group did. CONCLUSIONS: TXA 20  mg/kg intravenously given just before primary anatomic and reverse @entity348 results in statistically significant reductions in @entity190 . @entity1 spent 21% less time in the recovery room and had a 16% shorter hospitalization, resulting in financial savings for the hospital.

title: @entity927 decreases XXXX after @entity348 .

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total shoulder arthroplasty', 'TSA']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['Tranexamic acid']

answer: @entity190 :: (MESH:D006473,Disease) :: ['blood loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was aimed to evaluate the predictive value of fecal calprotectin in @entity1 with @entity31 from @entity1 with @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between May and October 2013, 88 adult @entity1 , between the age 18 and 65 years with a history of chronic @entity294 of unknown origin were assessed. Standard colonoscopies were performed in all @entity1 to assess @entity31 . Before colonoscopies, they were asked to supply a stool specimen. Fecal calprotectin value was measured using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. RESULTS: The mean of age, gender combination, and body mass index were not significantly different between @entity1 with @entity31 or @entity1744 . The duration of disease in @entity31 @entity1 was significantly higher than @entity1744 @entity1 (P < 0.0001). The level of calprotectin in @entity31 @entity1 was significantly higher than @entity1744 @entity1 (265.9 vs 115.8, respectively, P = 0.001). Also, cutoff value >164  g/g with sensitivity and specify of 57 (CI: 41%-71.6%), and 75 (CI: 59.7%-56.8%), respectively, was the best for discrimination between @entity1 with @entity31 and those with @entity1744 . CONCLUSION: Our results show that fecal calprotectin as a noninvasive method, which can be used to identify @entity1 with @entity31 from @entity1744 @entity1 has low sensitivity and specificity.

title: Fecal calprotectin is a useful marker to diagnose @entity31 from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2909 are the most common @entity5 of the esophagus. Although classically surgical enucleation through thoracotomy or laparotomy has been widely accepted as treatment of choice, development of endoscopic and minimally invasive procedures has completely changed the surgical management of these @entity5 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of all @entity2910 operated at Hospital Universitario Ram  n y Cajal (Madrid, Spain) between January 1986 and December 2014, analyzing @entity1 ' demographic data, symptomatology, @entity5 size and location, diagnostic tests, surgical data, complications and postoperative stay. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 were found within that period, 8 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 , with a mean age of 53.62 years (range 35-70 years). Surgical enucleation was achieved in all @entity1 . In 8 cases (61.54%) a thoracic approach was performed (4 thoracotomies and 4 thoracoscopies), and in 5 cases (38.56%) an abdominal approach was performed (3 laparotomies and 2 laparoscopies); enucleation was carried out through a minimally invasive approach in 6 @entity1 (46.15%). There were no cases of endoscopic resection alone. Surgery mean length was 174.38 minutes (range 70-270 minutes) and median postoperative stay was 6.5 days (range 2-27 days). There was neither mortality nor cases of @entity3816 were described. No postoperative major complications were reported; however one @entity1 presented important @entity158 in his right hemithorax that required management and long term follow-up by the Pain Management Unit. With a mean follow-up of 165.57 months (median 170; range 29-336 months) no recurrences were reported. CONCLUSION: Enucleation is the treatment of choice for the majority of @entity2910 . In our experience, duration of the surgical procedure through minimally invasive approach was longer than surgery through open approach; however, postoperative stay was shorter in the first group. Paradoxically, incision @entity158 after surgery ( @entity9 ) was found to be higher in the minimally invasive approach group. Nevertheless, none of the results obtained in the study reached statistical significance, probably due to the small simple size.

title: Comparative study between open and minimally invasive approach in the surgical management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal leiomyomas', 'esophageal leiomyoma']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['Leiomyomas']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative complications']

answer: @entity2910 :: (MESH:D004941,Disease) :: ['esophageal leiomyoma']


abstract: Ten individuals developed an @entity565 -like illness after a single exposure to high levels of an irritating vapor, fume, or smoke. In most instances, the high level exposure was the result of an accident occurring in the workplace or a situation where there was poor ventilation and limited air exchange in the area. In all cases, symptoms developed within a few hours and often minutes after exposure. We have designated the illness as @entity409 ( @entity409 ) because a consistent physiologic accompaniment was airways hyperreactivity. When tested, all subjects showed positive @entity2710 challenge tests. No documented preexisting @entity1576 was identified nor did subjects relate past @entity1576 . In two subjects, atopy was documented, but in all others, no evidence of @entity566 was identified. In the majority of the cases, there was persistence of respiratory symptoms and continuation of airways hyperreactivity for more than one year and often several years after the incident. The incriminated etiologic agent varied, but all shared a common characteristic of being irritant in nature. In two cases, bronchial biopsy specimens were available, and an airways inflammatory response was noted. This investigation suggests acute high level, uncontrolled irritant exposures may cause an @entity565 in some individuals which is different from typical @entity7446 . It can lead to long-term sequelae and @entity1030 . Nonimmunologic mechanisms seem operative in the pathogenesis of this syndrome.

title: Reactive XXXX ( @entity409 ). @entity565 after high level irritant exposures.

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma-like syndrome', 'asthma']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['RADS', 'reactive airway dysfunction syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory complaints', 'respiratory illness']

entities_list: @entity7446 :: ('MESH:D059366', 'Disease') :: ['occupational asthma']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic airways disease']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['airways dysfunction syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Classified among non-neoplastic @entity79 , @entity5835 is characterized by unilateral or bilateral change of shape and size in the facial part of the skull causing transposition of teeth. The aim of this study was to present two related @entity1 with these symptoms who appeared for orthodontic consultation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was done in 2 related @entity1 , C.A. aged 58 and her daughter aged 25, basing on the medical history, clinical and radiologic examination, and documentation supplied by the @entity1 . RESULTS: Extraoral clinical examination of the mother revealed @entity11578 of the mandible and maxilla in the form of asymmetry caused by a @entity5 localized in the alveolar process of the mandible predominantly on the left side, in the maxillary bone, and in other bones of the skeleton. Intraoral examination disclosed missing teeth, small and atypical teeth, diastemata, carious and noncarious lesions in the form of @entity154 , pathologic attrition, and @entity4 with an extensive @entity5 situated in the region of missing teeth 34 and 35. Panoramic radiographs revealed hyperdense foci and @entity45 corresponding to @entity82 and located bilaterally in the maxilla and mandible. The daughter presented with @entity3427 and @entity6509 . Her radiograms revealed lesions resembling periapical @entity2521 corresponding to Noonan-like @entity75 and @entity69912 . DISCUSSION: Adult @entity1 with non-neoplastic fibro-osseous lesions accompanied by @entity3232 and transposition of teeth often seek help of the orthodontist. The age of our @entity1 (mother 58 years and daughter 25 years) not being typical for progressing @entity54790 , as well as radiologic findings and other @entity74 suggest that the lesions may be due to an undiagnosed @entity262 in which @entity5835 is one of the symptoms.

title: [ @entity5835 : a symptom of a syndrome or simply of XXXX ?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['cuneiform defects']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity11578 :: ('MESH:D020914', 'Disease') :: ['structural anomalies']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar swelling']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multiple giant-cell lesion syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5835 :: ('MESH:C566123', 'Disease') :: ['familial fibrous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity6509 :: ('MESH:D012393', 'Disease') :: ['acne rosacea']

entities_list: @entity3232 :: ('MESH:D008310', 'Disease') :: ['malocclusion']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone diseases']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['multiple cyst-like radiolucencies']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disorders']

entities_list: @entity69912 :: ('MESH:C535285', 'Disease') :: ['Gorlin and Ramon syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3427 :: ('MESH:D006628', 'Disease') :: ['hirsutism']

answer: @entity54790 :: (MESH:D002636,Disease) :: ['cherubism']


abstract: Despite the early notion that @entity235 oral @entity320 is radioresistant, recent data suggest that external beam radiotherapy is effective in @entity5 control. However, optimal fractionation schedules have not been established. The high rate of regional and distant @entity3 is another problem that has hindered long-term control. The role of chemotherapy in the management of @entity235 oral @entity320 has also not been determined. In this study, data from 140 @entity235 irradiated at North Carolina State University were evaluated with the following objectives: (1) to compare the efficacy of three radiation therapy protocols (36 Gy, 9 Gy x 4 fractions; 30 Gy, 10 Gy x 3 fractions; or >45 Gy, 2-4 Gy x 12-19 fractions) for the treatment of @entity235 with oral @entity320 , (2) to identify any host or @entity5 factors influencing prognosis, and (3) to determine the impact of systemic chemotherapy on treatment outcome. Information regarding response to therapy, disease progression, and survival were determined from the medical records or from information obtained by telephone or mail survey. Relationships between host, @entity5 , and treatment variables and outcome measures (response, time to first event, and survival) were evaluated using Fisher's exact test (response) and the Cox regression model (time to first event and survival). The median time to first event for the 140 @entity235 was 5.0 months (95% C.I., 4-6 months) and the median survival was 7.0 months (95% C.I., 6-9 months). In the univariate analysis, the following variables were associated with increased time to first event and survival: (1) @entity5 sublocation; (2) lack of bone lysis observed on skull imaging, and (3) microscopic @entity5 burden. In a multivariate analysis of 111 @entity235 with complete data for these variables, @entity5 sublocation, bone lysis, and @entity5 volume were identified as joint predictors of time to first event (p < .001, p < .001, and p = .04, respectively) and survival (p < .001, p < .001, and p = .05, respectively). There were no differences in response, time to first event and survival between the three radiation therapy protocols used. Systemic chemotherapy had no impact on the development of @entity3 , time to first event, or survival, although the dosages used in this study were suboptimal. External beam radiation therapy is effective in @entity66 control of @entity235 oral @entity320 ; however, the optimal fractionation scheme has yet to be determined. The high metastatic rate observed with this disease and the inefficacy of systemic chemotherapy indicate that further investigation into novel therapies is warranted.

title: A retrospective analysis of 140 @entity235 with oral XXXX treated with external beam radiation.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rostral tumor', 'local tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: To explore a novel method to use @entity2642 in heavily treated @entity1 , 4-week cycles of high-dosage (280 mg/d) @entity14027 were given to 11 asymptomatic @entity1 who had previously received an average of 6 years of @entity2353 reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). The @entity14027 dose was targeted to produce a calculated steady-state concentration of 1.5 microM (336 ng/mL). @entity1 received @entity14027 for the first 4 weeks, after which it was discontinued for 4 weeks. Additional 4-week drug cycles were given if plasma @entity2858 RNA levels increased to at least 75% of baseline values. The 11 subjects received 38 cycles (average, 3.5 cycles per subject) during the 44-week study. @entity14027 was well tolerated. Considering all data, there was a median 0.65 log(10) reduction in viral load as well as a median increase in CD4 cell count of 110/mm3 at the end of the cycles. However, plasma @entity646 increased and CD4 cell counts decreased between cycles. Viral load and CD4 cell responses were similar for up to 4 successive cycles. This suggested that increasing viral resistance was not a problem, as reflected by the acquisition of only one new @entity2353 reverse transcriptase mutation among the @entity1 . Significant relationships between @entity14027 exposure and changes in plasma @entity645 RNA levels were observed. A similar approach might be considered using a more potent regimen for @entity1 in whom resistance to @entity2642 is a major reason for therapeutic failure.

title: Intermittent administration of high-dose XXXX to @entity2353 -experienced individuals infected with @entity2858 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity2642 :: ('MESH:D009705', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleosides']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity14027 :: ('MESH:D018119', 'Chemical') :: ['Stavudine', 'stavudine']

answer: @entity14027 :: (MESH:D018119,Chemical) :: ['stavudine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We studied the relationship between @entity1 's and parents' sociodemographic and personality characteristics and parents' perceptions of their @entity1 's @entity158 . METHODS: One-hundred-ten parents of @entity1 undergoing surgery completed measures of @entity158 perception (e.g., Medication Attitude Questionnaire; MAQ) and parent and @entity1 personality characteristics (e.g., @entity663 , Extraversion and Openness to experience Five-Factor Inventory; NEO-FFI). Factor analysis and logistic regression models were developed. RESULTS: In terms of @entity158 medication perceptions (MAQ), descriptive analysis showed that more than 70% of parents feared side effects of @entity1337 , 43% thought analgesics were addictive, and 37% thought that the less often @entity1 receive @entity1337 , the better it worked. Factor analyses of the MAQ revealed a three factor solution explaining 52% of the variance in parental @entity158 medication perceptions. Conceptually, these factors represented Appropriate Use Attitude of Analgesics, Concerns about Side Effects, and Avoidance of @entity1337 . Stepwise regression models were used to identify predictors of parents' scores on each of the three factors. Results indicated that less educated parents and parents of more sociable and more reactive @entity1 were more likely to indicate that they would avoid giving @entity1337 (Avoidance factor; P < 0.001). Parents with higher conscientiousness scores (NEO-FFI) and those with more impulsive @entity1 were more likely to perceive that @entity1337 was appropriate to use for @entity1 @entity158 (Appropriate Use Attitude factor; P < 0.001). DISCUSSION: We conclude that many parents have misconceptions of @entity158 and analgesics, and that @entity1 and parent personality characteristics can be used to identify parents at risk of these misconceptions.

title: Exploring sociodemographic and personality characteristic predictors of parental XXXX perceptions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia', 'Analgesia']

entities_list: @entity663 :: ('MESH:C564323', 'Disease') :: ['Neuroticism']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical pathological characteristics and high risk factors for @entity43 ( @entity43 ) and stage @entity43 (EOC). METHODS: A total of 91 @entity1 with @entity43 and 52 @entity1 with stage IEOC who were diagnosed and treated in the Department of Gynecology, Peking University @entity1 's Hospital from November 2002 to May 2010 were recruited in this study. The @entity1 ' clinical characteristics were reviewed respectively and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The @entity1 in @entity43 group were significantly younger than those in EOC group (41.16    14.95 vs. 50.90    14.37,P<0.01). Compared with @entity1 with @entity43 , @entity1 with EOC were more likely to be post-menopausal(42.3% vs. 23.1%,P=0.016) and more with family history of @entity5 (26.9% vs. 13.2%,P=0.04).There were no significant differences in the size of @entity5 and the serum level of @entity5 markers. But the size of solid portion of the @entity5 of EOC was significantly larger than that of @entity43 (P<0.01). The extent of the increase of @entity23831 among the @entity1 with EOC was higher than that among the @entity1 with @entity43 (256.99 vs. 116.59, P=0.028). There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in @entity5 ' histopathological type(P<0.01). The serous and mucous @entity5 were more common in EOC group (90.1%, 82/91). In contrary, endometrioid, clear cells and mixed @entity5 were more common in EOC group than serous and mucous @entity5 (44.2%, 23/52). CONCLUSION: Although the clinical presentation of @entity1 with stage I EOC was similar to that of those with @entity43 , there were significant differences in the @entity1 ' age, post-menopausal or not, family history of @entity5 , size of solid portion of @entity5 , extent of the increase of the @entity5 biomarker, especially of @entity23831 and @entity5 histopathological type. These clinicopathological characteristics might be helpful for us to make different diagnosis.

title: [Clinical characteristics of @entity43 and stage XXXX : an analysis of 143 cases].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['I epithelial ovarian cancer', 'borderline ovarian tumor', 'BOT']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'People']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial cancers', 'tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'cancers', 'tumors']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['I epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate and document the neuropsychological and emotional effects of @entity302 in @entity1 with intractable @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ). METHODS: 273 @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity1315 underwent a complete neuropsychological and psychological examination as a routine part of their investigation for @entity302 surgery. Neuropsychological assessment included measures of intellect, memory, language functioning, higher executive functioning, emotional well-being and the psychosocial impact of @entity302 and its treatment. RESULTS: The sample comprised 135 females and 138 males with a clearly lateralised epileptogenic focus. @entity1 were mildly anxious but not depressed, although many reported that @entity302 and its treatment had a marked effect on their daily lives. Current reading ability was in the average range; the mean obtained full scale IQ was 88 (low average range). Verbal memory functioning was within the borderline @entity73 functioning within the average range. Mean language performance was between the 5-10th percentile. Higher executive functioning results were in the normal range. Multiple univariate analyses were performed according to onset laterality. There were no significant differences between the groups on measures of @entity458 . @entity1 with left @entity1315 scored significantly lower than those in the right temporal group on measures of verbal intelligence, general intelligence, attention span and expressive language functioning. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity302 suffer significant @entity4764 in terms of their intellect, memory and language. Higher executive functioning appears unaffected. In addition, there is also evidence of @entity147 . These all impact upon their day-to-day functioning, which can be improved by the application of various psychological therapies and interventions.

title: The neuropsychological and emotional consequences of living with intractable XXXX : implications for clinical management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired range with visual memory']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological or emotional functioning']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['emotional distress']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'intractable epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity4764 :: ('MESH:D051346', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychological difficulties']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of the current study was to establish a @entity35 model to investigate apoptosis in @entity479 -induced @entity2738 occurring via the Wnt/b-catenin pathway. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) @entity35 were randomly divided into a control group (group A), model group (group B) and @entity31179 group (group C), each consisting of 24 @entity35 , and the @entity35 were intravenously injected with @entity558 (10   g/kg body weight). After 24  h, three injections of MPS (20  mg/kg body weight) were administered intramuscularly at 24-h intervals. The @entity35 in group C were injected intramuscularly with 1   g/kg @entity31179 protein per day for 30  days, beginning at the time of the first MPS administration. The group A @entity35 were fed and housed under identical conditions but received saline injection. All animals were sacrificed at weeks 2, 4 and 8 from the first MPS injection. Histopathological staining was preformed to evaluated @entity2530 . Apoptosis was detected via quantitative @entity12809 ( @entity12809 ) @entity9342 nick-end labelling (TUNEL) staining, @entity4124 activity assay, and detection of @entity1976 and @entity2310 protein expression by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Wnt/b-catenin pathway signalling molecules, including activated b-catenin and @entity4569 , were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. RESULTS: Typical @entity2530 was observed in groups B and C. Apoptosis gradually increased with increasing time in both groups B and C. More severe @entity2530 and apoptosis were observed in group C compared with group B. The expression levels of @entity4124 and @entity2310 were higher while that of @entity1976 was lower in group C compared with group B. The expression levels of activated b-catenin and @entity4569 gradually decreased with increasing time in both groups B and C, and they were lower in group C compared with group B. CONCLUSIONS: The Wnt/b-catenin pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of early stage SANFH, as we have demonstrated in an SANFH @entity35 model, and it may act through the regulation of @entity4569 , which affects the cell cycle and cell apoptosis.

title: Apoptosis associated with Wnt/b-catenin pathway leads to XXXX -induced @entity2530 of @entity2738 .

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

entities_list: @entity12809 :: ('294051(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase', 'TdT']

entities_list: @entity2738 :: ('MESH:D005271', 'Disease') :: ['femoral head osteonecrosis']

entities_list: @entity9342 :: ('MESH:C027078', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyuridine triphosphate']

answer: @entity479 :: (D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In vitro and in vivo animal studies suggest that sex @entity230 , such as @entity172 and @entity251 , could protect the brain. However, @entity172 replacement therapy (ERT) for @entity195 ( @entity195 ) in @entity1 has not been successful. We hypothesised that the lack of effect of ERT might be related to an interaction between @entity172 and some other factor(s) associated with @entity195 . DESIGN, SETTING AND METHODS: We analysed total @entity172 (TE) and @entity251 (TT) levels in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity195 and controls of the Oxford Project To Investigate Memory and Ageing. Because @entity53 ( @entity19078 ) after the menopause is largely derived from @entity1815 (TE1), we computed the ratio @entity19078 /(TE1+ @entity19078 ) and a total @entity134 index (TT+ @entity19078 +TE1). RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity195 (n=66) had significantly higher levels of @entity19078 (27+/-13 vs. 21+/-13) and a higher @entity19078 /(TE1+ @entity19078 ) ratio. Stepwise logistic regression analyses showed that the @entity19078 /(TE1+ @entity19078 ) ratio was the main sex @entity134 predictor for @entity195 (O.R.=1.06, 95% C.I.=1.01-1.11, p<0.01). Multiple regression analyses revealed that @entity303 severity was associated with an interaction between the @entity19078 /(TE1+ @entity19078 ) ratio and serum @entity1501 (B=4.59 (SE=1.48), beta=1.22, 95% C.I.=1.62-7.56, p<0.005). None of the other potential mediators of this association (body mass index, sex hormone binding globulin, @entity1255 levels, @entity2204 genotype, smoking, @entity6 , blood pressure) was significant. MAIN FINDINGS: A high ratio of @entity53 to total @entity172 is associated with @entity195 but, in subjects with a high ratio, the @entity303 severity was lower in those with high serum @entity1501 levels. CONCLUSIONS: If this association is causal, then supplementation with @entity1501 might be considered in future studies on ERT in @entity195 .

title: The interaction of serum @entity1501 and @entity53 levels in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid', 'folate']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of shRNA targeting @entity8207 on tumorigenicity of @entity1 @entity3052 K562 cells in @entity19 in vivo and its mechanisms. METHODS: For experiment 3 groups including @entity573 group(expression of @entity8207 in K562 cells was down-regulated by shRNA), CON (cells without any treatment) and NC group (cells treated with nonspecific-sequence shRNA) were set-up. Western blot was used to test the expression of b-catenin and @entity1896 in cells. Then the cells of 3 groups were implanted into BALB/c @entity19 subcutaneously to establish @entity19 xenograft model. The growth state of the @entity19 and the size of the xenograft @entity5 were recorded. HE staining was used to observe the morphology of xenograft @entity5 . Expressions of b-catenin and @entity1896 in xenograft @entity5 were detected by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: In vitro the expression of b-catenin and @entity1896 in @entity573 group were lower than the CON group and NC group (P<0.05). In vivo the @entity5 volume and weight of @entity573 group were significant smaller than the other two groups (P<0.01). HE staining showed that tissues in the @entity573 group were relatively looser in arrangement with smaller cell nucleus and less cytoplasm. The expression of b-catenin and @entity1896 in the @entity573 group were remarkable weak as compared with that in CON group and NC group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Down-regulating the expression of @entity8207 by shRNA may significantly inhibit the tumorigenicity of K562 cells in @entity19 in vivo and its mechanism may be related with the inhibition of expression of b-catenin and @entity1896 .

title: [Effects of shRNA Targeting @entity8207 on Tumorigenicity of K562 Cells in XXXX In Vivo].

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'nude mice', 'murine']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Nude Mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of @entity2993 to reduce the plasma levels of TNF system molecules ( @entity310 , sTNFR1 and sTNFR2) and to assess their association with risk factors for accelerate @entity731 and clinical disease activity scores in @entity1252 @entity1 . METHODS: In a previous study, 64 female @entity1252 @entity1 received 20 mg/day of @entity2993 and 24 @entity1252 @entity1 (non-treated group) were followed for 8 weeks. Plasma levels of @entity310 , sTNFR 1 and sTNFR 2 were measured by ELISA, at baseline and at the end of the study. RESULTS: The plasma levels of sTNFR1 and sTNFR 2 showed a positive correlation with SLEDAI score. We also found a positive correlation between @entity310 and sTNFR 1 levels and SLICC score. @entity1 with current @entity1310 and patients with anti-ds-DNA antibodies presented higher sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 levels. @entity1 with @entity1144 and arterial @entity101 also had higher plasma levels of soluble receptors. At the end of 8 weeks, we observed a significant decrease in sTNFR1 plasma levels in @entity1 receiving @entity2993 [median (percentile), 876.5 (717-1284 pg/ml) vs. 748 (629.6-917.3 pg/ml), p=0.03], without difference regarding @entity310 and sTNFR2 plasma levels. The SLEDAI and SLICC scores were independent determinants of the plasma levels of sRTNF1. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2993 reduced soluble receptors of @entity310 . The plasma levels of @entity310 , sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 may play a role in @entity1252 activity and @entity731 , and might be evaluated as targets for new therapies.

title: @entity2993 reduced soluble receptors of XXXX in @entity1252 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin', 'Atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity310 :: (7124,Gene) :: ['TNF-alpha']


abstract: Telomerase adds hexameric repeats of 5'-TTAGGG-3' termed telomeres to ends of chromosomal DNA. This enzyme has been implicated in cellular immortalization and cellular senescence. Recently, a number of relevant genes have been cloned, including these encoding three major components of @entity1 telomerase: @entity1 telomerase RNA component ( @entity7066 ), @entity1 telomerase reverse transcriptase ( @entity2215 ), and @entity11071 ( @entity11071 ). Also important are genes encoding @entity1 @entity64710 . To clarify mechanisms regulating telomerase activity, we studied telomerase activity, the telomeric restriction fragment (TRF) length and gene expression of these telomerase components and the telomeric-repeat binding factor proteins in sequential observation following X-irradiation of cultured @entity788 cells. We previously reported that PANC-1 cells are better able to tolerate thermal stress, antineoplastic drugs, and exposure to @entity5 factor than MIAPaCa-2 cells. MIAPaCa-2 and PANC-1 cells were exposed to X-irradiation, their telomerase activity was increased at 2 days and then decreased gradually. Of the three telomerase components, only @entity2215 mRNA expression showed parallel changes. TRF length was stable just before and after X-irradiation. Among binding factor proteins, @entity7071 mRNA showed reciprocal changes possibly directed toward maintaining a stable telomere length. In this study, our results demonstrate that not only @entity2215 but also @entity7071 are important regulator of telomerase activity.

title: Telomerase reverse transcriptase and telomeric-repeat binding factor protein 1 as regulators of telomerase activity in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity11071 :: ('7011', 'Gene') :: ['telomerase-associated protein-1', 'TEP1']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour necrosis']

entities_list: @entity64710 :: ('7013;7014', 'Gene') :: ['telomeric-repeat binding factor protein (TRF) 1 and 2']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Anterior maxillary segmental distraction (AMSD) is an effective surgical procedure in the treatment of @entity3573 secondary to @entity3384 . Its unique advantage of preserving velopharyngeal function makes this procedure widely applied. In this study, the application of AMSD was described and its long-term stability was explored. Eight @entity1 with severe @entity3573 secondary to @entity23350 were included in this study. They were treated with AMSD using @entity2003 ( @entity2003 ) device. Cephalometric analysis was performed twice at three time points for evaluation: before surgery (T1), after distraction (T2), and 2 years after treatment (T3). One-way analysis of variance was used to assess the differences statistically. All the distractions completed smoothly, and maxilla was distracted efficiently. The value of SNA, NA-FH, Ptm-A, U1-PP, overjet and PP (ANS-PNS) increased significantly after the AMSD procedure (P < 0.05), with the mean overjet increased by 14.28 mm. However, comparison of cephalometric analysis between T2 and T3 showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). Changes of @entity1739 and soft palatal length were insignificant. AMSD with @entity2003 device provided an effective way to correct @entity3573 secondary to @entity23350 , extended the palatal and arch length, avoided damage on velopharyngeal closure function and reduced the relapse rate. It is a promising and valuable technique in this potentially complicated procedure.

title: Anterior maxillary segmental distraction in the treatment of severe @entity3573 secondary to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['RED', 'rigid external distraction']

entities_list: @entity1739 :: ('MESH:D014681', 'Disease') :: ['palatopharyngeal depth']

entities_list: @entity3573 :: ('MESH:D008439', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['cleft lip and palate']

answer: @entity3384 :: (MESH:D002971,Disease) :: ['cleft lip and palate']