abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity101 Optimal Treatment (HOT) Study has provided information about @entity65 in 18790 @entity101 , subjected to pronounced blood pressure (BP) lowering for a mean of 3.8 years. The HOT study data have subsequently been analysed after stratification of the @entity1 according to global cardiovascular risk, and it has been found that, despite intensive blood pressure lowering in all risk strata, morbid event rates increased with increasing risk stratum. OBJECTIVES: Previously analysed global risk strata were based on combinations of risk factors. The analyses presented here were intended to provide information on the relative role that the presence of each individual factor may have in increasing cardiovascular risk, despite good BP control. METHODS: Risk ratios (RR) for @entity1 with and those without a risk factor were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a Cox proportional hazard model, and adjusted for all variables except the one under examination. RESULTS: For all risk factors considered and for all types of event, RR were always greater than 1, indicating a greater risk in the presence, compared with that in the absence of each factor. The male gender was a statistically significant risk for cardiovascular (CV) events, CV and total mortality and particularly for @entity583 ( @entity583 ); age > or = 65 years for CV events, @entity64 , CV and particularly total mortality; smoking for all events analysed, but particularly for total mortality (twice higher in smokers than in non-smokers); high serum @entity165 (> 6.8 mmol/l) for CV events, @entity583 and CV mortality; high serum @entity1011 (> 155 micromol/l) for CV events, @entity64 , CV and total mortality; @entity6 for CV events, @entity64 , total mortality and particularly CV mortality; and @entity299 for all events analysed. Adjusted RR were often close to or greater than 2. CONCLUSIONS: Each of the risk factors considered was found to be an important cause of residual risk, despite good BP control. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing other correctable risk factors, e.g. smoking, hypercholesterolaemia and @entity6 , as well as rigorous control of blood pressure, and of initiating antihypertensive therapy before cardiovascular and renal damage becomes manifest.

title: Effects of individual risk factors on the incidence of @entity65 in the treated @entity101 XXXX of the @entity101 Optimal Treatment Study. HOT Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In clinical practice a concomitant boost is usually given as a second daily dose to a reduced field. The question arises which part of treatment should be accelerated to achieve @entity5 control. An experiment was performed on @entity5 bearing @entity35 to determine the optimal timing of treatment acceleration for this experimental @entity5 system. MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity980 R1H of the @entity35 were treated applying 30 fractions in an overall treatment time of 40-42 days, up to total doses ranging from 67.5 to 97.5 Gy were administered. For control a standard treatment was given as continuous treatment applying one fraction per day. A boost of five additional fractions was given as a second fraction during 5 days. Three experimental arms received a boost either in the 1st, 4th, or in the last week of treatment. Treatment outcome was assessed using @entity5 control as endpoint. RESULTS: All experimental arms proved more effective than the standard treatment. Treatment was most effective when the boost was administered in the 1st week of treatment. A TCD37% of 87.1 Gy (95% CI: 82.8 ... 92.7 Gy), 96.5 Gy (89.9 ... 107.1), and 107.3 Gy (97.2 ... 131.0) was determined, when the boost was given in the 1st, 4th, or last week of treatment, respectively. The observed difference between the experimental arms was statistically significant (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Initially accelerated treatment schedules were found to be more effective for @entity5 control in an experimental @entity5 system.

title: Impact of treatment acceleration and its timing on the response of the @entity980 R1H of the XXXX to fractionated irradiation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'optimal tumor']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['Rhabdomyosarcoma']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Caring for a @entity1 with @entity303 is a real challenge and can have considerable psychological consequences in the long run. Many caregivers, mostly relatives, feel highly burdened. To develop effective caregiver support to prevent caregivers from getting overburdened, insight is needed into the determinants of burden. The objective of this study is to explore which @entity1 and caregiver characteristics determine the different kinds of caregiver burden over time, both in the short and in the long run. METHOD: The study was longitudinal. Data on @entity1 and caregivers, general @entity147 were collected at three times: at baseline, at the end of treatment and at nine months. The study was conducted in a @entity146 skilled nursing home with a unit for integrative reactivation and rehabilitation (IRR) and at different sites of home-/day care, assisted living arrangements and nursing home wards (usual care). RESULTS: General burden is shown to be determined by severity of @entity1 's neuropsychiatric symptoms, caregiver's sense of competence, health-related quality of life. @entity147 is determined by severity of @entity1 's neuropsychiatric symptoms, caregiver's sense of competence, high affiliation and @entity1 gender. CONCLUSION: In preventing or treating caregiver burden, professional interventions need to aim specifically at diminishing the neuropsychiatric symptoms in @entity303 @entity1 and improving the sense of competence in caregivers.

title: Do determinants of XXXX in @entity303 caregivers change over time?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['Emotional distress', 'burden and emotional distress']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity147 :: (MESH:D005316,Disease) :: ['burden and emotional distress']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1697 is common worldwide. Furthermore, the @entity470 ( @entity470 ) signaling pathway is considered to be constitutively activated in @entity5 . @entity1311 is widely accepted as an antitumor drug as it effectively inhibits the cell cycle. This study predominantly explores the possible molecule mechanism of @entity1311 on @entity5 treatment. Cell viability was first detected using an @entity98 assay. Cell apoptosis was examined by Hoechst staining and flow cytometry using an @entity4404 and @entity2667 kit. Specific @entity470 signaling pathways were further explored through western blot analysis. Abnormal protein expression levels were determined via immunofluoresence. Additionally, the protein levels of @entity1476 and 9 were determined using ELISA. @entity1311 significantly inhibited @entity5 cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner. @entity1311 also enhanced @entity5 cell apoptosis via increased Bim and @entity5353 protein expression. Furthermore, @entity1311 was observed to inhibit @entity5 cell proliferation through increased @entity1476 and @entity1495 protein levels. @entity1311 inhibited the growth of the @entity5 cell line, tea8113 malignant proliferation and enhanced tea8113 cell apoptosis through inhibiting the @entity470 signaling pathway.

title: XXXX induces apoptosis and reduces proliferation by targeting @entity470 signaling pathway in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['Oral cavity cancer']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oral cancers', 'oral cancer']

entities_list: @entity1476 :: ('4313', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2', 'MMP-2']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['Paclitaxel']


abstract: Of the multiplicity of plant pathogens in nature, only a few are virulent on a given plant species. Conversely, plants develop a rapid "nonhost" resistance response to the majority of the pathogens. The anatomy of the nonhost resistance of @entity3587 endocarp tissue against a pathogen of bean, @entity10437 @entity10327 . phaseoli (Fsph) and the susceptibility of @entity3587 to @entity10437 @entity10327 . pisi (Fspi) has been described cytologically, biochemically and molecular-biologically. Cytological changes have been followed by electron microscope and stain differentiation under white and UV light. The induction of changes in transcription, protein synthesis, expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, and increases in metabolic pathways culminating in low molecular weight, antifungal compounds are described biochemically. Molecular changes initiated by fungal signals to host organelles, primarily to chromatin within host nuclei, are identified according to source of the signal and the mechanisms utilized in activating defense genes. The functions of some PR genes are defined. A hypothesis based on this data is developed to explain both why fungal growth is suppressed in nonhost resistance and why growth can continue in a susceptible reaction.

title: Anatomy of a nonhost disease resistance response of XXXX to @entity10437 : PR gene elicitation via DNase, chitosan and chromatin alterations.

entities_list: @entity10437 :: ('169388', 'Species') :: ['Fusarium solani', 'F. solani']

answer: @entity3587 :: (3888,Species) :: ['pea']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to examine the association between @entity27 ( @entity27 ) and @entity28 among young adults. A total of 2911 college students in Thailand participated in the study. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were taken by trained research staff. Overall, 6.3% of college students had @entity27 determined by the Berlin Questionnaire, 9.6% were overweight (BMI: 25-29 kg/m(2)), 4.5% were @entity28 (BMI>= 30 kg/m(2)); 12.4% had @entity1144 ( @entity1 : waist circumference>= 90 cm; @entity1 : waist circumference>= 80 cm). There were significant associations between @entity27 and overweight (odds ratio (OR)=1.72; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.04-1.85) and @entity28 (OR=24.23; 95% CI=15.20-38.61), independent of demographic and lifestyle factors, blood pressure, and @entity458 . Students with @entity27 were more likely to have @entity1144 than those without @entity27 (OR=2.09; 95% CI=1.19-3.67). @entity27 was significantly related to joint effects of general and @entity1144 . The @entity27 associations were robust and evident for both genders, individuals with normal and elevated blood pressure, and those with and without @entity458 . This study shows independent associations of @entity27 with general and @entity1144 among young adults. @entity27 could be a risk factor for @entity28 and consequent cardiovascular morbidities. @entity27 screening and treatment might be important for young adults.

title: Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Multiple Anthropometric Indices of General Obesity and XXXX among Young Adults.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA-obesity', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity']

answer: @entity1144 :: (MESH:D056128,Disease) :: ['Abdominal Obesity']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Accumulating evidence strongly suggests that dysregulation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is associated with @entity1 @entity105 . The lncRNA @entity42721 transcript at the distal tip ( @entity69135 ) is involved in the development of several @entity5 . However, the biological role of @entity69135 in @entity14 ( @entity14 ) has not yet been discussed. Here, we report that @entity69135 acts as a functional oncogene in the pathogenesis of @entity14 . In this study, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed to detect the expression of @entity69135 in 48 pairs of @entity14 samples. We found that overexpression of @entity69135 is correlated with an advanced pathological stage and a larger @entity5 size. Moreover, functional analyses revealed that the knockdown of @entity69135 expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) or small hairpin RNA (shRNA) could inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis. More importantly, we observed that @entity69135 knockdown induced a marked increase in the number of cells in the G0/G1 phase and a reduction in the number of cells in the S phase in both DLD-1 cells and SW480 cells. An in vivo experiment also revealed that the knockdown of @entity69135 inhibited @entity5 growth. Western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses indicated that @entity69135 potentially contributed to @entity14 cell growth partially through the silencing of @entity3544 expression. Collectively, our results suggest that @entity69135 is involved in the progression of @entity14 and may provide evidence for @entity69135 being a target for therapy of this disease.

title: The long noncoding RNA XXXX transcript at the distal tip promotes @entity14 growth partially via silencing of @entity3544 expression.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity42721 :: (3197,Gene) :: ['HOXA']


abstract: @entity21926 is a small molecule antiangiogenic agent that inhibits @entity7 ( @entity7 ) stimulation of the @entity319 @entity669 kinase receptor. In this Phase I dose escalation trial, a weekly dose schedule of @entity21926 was tested whereby an initial 5-day loading dose was followed by weekly maintenance infusions. The start dose was 20 mg/m(2) for the loading dose followed by 65 mg/m(2) for the weekly infusions. Dose escalations occurred at 33% until a final dose of 65 mg/m(2) (loading dose) and 190 mg/m(2) (weekly infusion) was obtained. Twenty-two @entity1 were treated at five dose levels; @entity5 types included gastrointestinal (8), breast (3), lung (4), @entity242 (2), and other (5). The most common serious drug-related @entity137 was @entity10 , often associated with @entity390 and @entity391 . Grade 1 and 2 @entity137 included @entity10 , @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity1395 , @entity158 at the infusion site, @entity3527 , change in voice, and fevers. Of 19 evaluable @entity1 , 4 obtained clinical benefit as defined by @entity5 regression (1) or disease stabilization for at least 12 weeks (3). Pharmacokinetic data revealed that the weekly infusion schedule prevented the reported 50-60% induction in @entity21926 clearance observed with either daily or twice weekly dosing. Higher baseline levels of urine @entity7 were observed in the 4 @entity1 who gained clinical benefit, suggesting this may be a useful marker for predicting response to anti- @entity7 therapies. Our results suggest that a weekly schedule of @entity21926 shows signs of biological activity and is well tolerated at doses up to 145 mg/m(2).

title: Results of a Phase I dose-escalating study of the antiangiogenic agent, @entity21926 , in @entity1 with advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity3527 :: ('MESH:D010689', 'Disease') :: ['phlebitis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: PURPOSE: To  apply a novel self-gating k-space sorted 4-dimensional MRI (SG-KS-4D-MRI) method to overcome limitations due to anisotropic resolution and rebinning artifacts and to monitor @entity788 motion. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Ten @entity1 were imaged using 4D-CT, cine 2-dimensional MRI (2D-MRI), and the SG-KS-4D-MRI, which is a spoiled gradient recalled echo sequence with 3-dimensional radial-sampling k-space projections and 1-dimensional projection-based self-gating. @entity5 volumes were defined on all phases in both 4D-MRI and 4D-CT and then compared. RESULTS: An isotropic resolution of 1.56  mm was achieved in the SG-KS-4D-MRI images, which showed superior soft-tissue contrast to 4D-CT and appeared to be  free of stitching artifacts. The @entity5 motion trajectory cross-correlations (mean      SD)  between SG-KS-4D-MRI and cine 2D-MRI in superior-inferior, anterior-posterior, and medial-lateral directions were 0.93      0.03, 0.83      0.10, and 0.74      0.18, respectively. The @entity5 motion trajectories cross-correlations between SG-KS-4D-MRI and 4D-CT in superior-inferior, anterior-posterior, and medial-lateral directions were 0.91      0.06, 0.72      0.16, and 0.44      0.24, respectively. The average standard deviation of gross @entity5 volume calculated from  the 10 breathing phases was 0.81  cm(3) and 1.02  cm(3) for SG-KS-4D-MRI and 4D-CT, respectively (P=.012). CONCLUSIONS: A novel SG-KS-4D-MRI acquisition method capable of reconstructing rebinning artifact-free, high-resolution 4D-MRI images was used to quantify @entity5 motion. The resultant @entity788 motion trajectories agreed well with 2D-cine-MRI and 4D-CT. The @entity788 volumes shown in the different phases for the SG-KS-4D-MRI were statistically significantly more consistent than those in the 4D-CT.

title: Four-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging  With 3-Dimensional Radial Sampling and Self-Gating-Based K-Space Sorting: Early Clinical Experience on XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'pancreas tumor']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies found relations between @entity65 and minerals in drinking water, but the major works considered water hardness or neglected the differences between adults and elderly. Drinking water is an important source of @entity460 in the elderly particularly because of increased needs and decreased consumption of dairy products. METHODS: We collected informations about all @entity204 (14,311) occurring in 69 parishes of the South-West of France during 7 years (1990-1996). We obtained the causes of @entity204 from a special service of INSERM for each @entity204 , with age at @entity204 and sex. The exposure value was supplied by administrative source (DDASS) and by measurement surveys. We use an extra-Poisson variation model to take into account the heterogeneity of the population of these parishes. RESULTS: A significant relationship was observed between @entity460 and @entity65 with a RR: 0.90 for non-cerebrovascular causes and RR: 0.86 for cerebrovascular (when @entity460 is higher than the second tercile: 94 mg/l). We found a protective effect of @entity1760 concentrations between 4 and 11 mg/l with a RR: 0.92 for non-cerebrovascular and RR: 0.77 for cerebrovascular mortality, as compared to concentrations lower than 4 mg/l. CONCLUSIONS: These findings strongly suggest a potential protective dose-effect relation between @entity460 in drinking water and cardiovascular causes. For @entity1760 , a U-shape effect is possible, especially for cerebrovascular mortality.

title: @entity65 and @entity460 and XXXX in drinking water: an ecological study in elderly people.

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1760 :: (MESH:D008274,Chemical) :: ['magnesium']


abstract: The safety and efficacy of myeloablative therapy followed by autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (ABSCT) for @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) were evaluated in 60 @entity1 . Peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) were collected during recovery after consolidation chemotherapy. High-dose chemotherapy consisting of @entity1863 (16 mg/kg), @entity2879 (40 mg/kg), and @entity2592 (3 g/m2 x 4) (BEA regimen) was used for pretransplant conditioning in 13 @entity1 . For the remaining 47 @entity1 , @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) was administered concurrently with the BEA regimen during conditioning. Unpurged, cryopreserved PBSC containing a median number of 5.4 x 10(8) MNC/kg or 12 x 10(4) CFU-GM/kg were reinfused at transplantation. The median number of days to granulocytes exceeding 500/microl and last platelet transfusion were 15 (8-44) and 24 (0->180), respectively. The 3-year probabilities of disease-free survival (DFS) and relapse were 78.6 and 21.4% for @entity1 transplanted in first remission, 29.6 and 64.4% for those in second or third remission, and 11.1 and 77.8% for those in relapse, respectively. There were no transplant-related @entity204 within 100 days of transplantation. Age, disease status at transplantation, and number of induction chemotherapies to first complete remission were risk factors affecting the outcome of ABSCT. These results of ABSCT for @entity3052 in first remission warrant a prospective study of ABSCT as post-remission therapy.

title: Autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine arabinoside']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia']


abstract: The paramyxovirus genome, a nonsegmented, negative-polarity, single-stranded RNA of approximately 15 kb, contains six transcription units flanked at the 3' and 5' ends by a short (approximately 50- to 60- @entity377 ) extracistronic sequence, dubbed the positive and negative leader regions. These leader template regions, present at the 3' end of the genome and the antigenome, have been shown to contain essential signals governing RNA replication activity. Whether they are sufficient to promote replication is still open to question. By using a series of @entity7686 defective interfering RNAs carrying a nested set of deletions in the promoter regions, it is shown here that for both the genomic and antigenomic promoters, a 3'-end RNA sequence of 96 @entity2036 is required to allow replication. Sequence comparison of active and inactive promoters led to the identification of a set of three @entity377 hexamers ( @entity2036 79 to 84, 85 to 90, and 91 to 96) containing a repeated motif RXXYXX [shown as 5'-3' positive-strand]. Sequential mutation of each hexamer into its complementary sequence confirmed their essential role. The three hexamers are required, and their relative positioning is important, since displacing them by 6 @entity2036 destroyed promoter function. RNAs carrying degenerate @entity2036 in the three hexamers were used as replication templates. They led to the selection of actively replicating RNA species exclusively carrying the basic motif (GNNNNN)3 from @entity2036 79 to 96. These results clearly show that, apart from the region from @entity2036 1 to 31, previously identified as governing @entity7686 replication activity, a second element, spanning at the most @entity2036 79 to 96, appears essential. Thus, the paramyxovirus replication promoters are not confined to the leader template regions, as seems to be the case for the rhabdoviruses.

title: The activity of XXXX genomic and antigenomic promoters requires a second element past the leader template regions: a motif (GNNNNN)3 is essential for replication.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

answer: @entity7686 :: (11191,Species) :: ['Sendai virus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity4802 are the embryological precursors of the face, neck and pharynx. Anomalies of the @entity4802 are the second most common congenital lesions of the head and neck in @entity1 , with second @entity6127 by far the most common. Clinically, these @entity154 may present as cysts, sinus tracts, fistulae or cartilaginous remnants with typical clinical and radiological findings. We review the normal embryological development of the @entity4802 and the anatomical structures of the head and neck that derive from each arch. The typical clinical and radiological appearances of both common and uncommon @entity6127 are discussed with an emphasis on @entity5816 . KEY POINTS:     Anomalies of the @entity4802 usually present as cysts, sinuses or fistulae.     Second @entity6127 account for approximately 95  % of cases.     There are no pathognomonic imaging features so diagnosis depends on a high index of suspicion and knowledge of typical locations.     Persistent cysts, fistulae or recurrent @entity281 may be due to @entity6127 .     Surgical excision of the cyst or tract is the most common curative option.

title: XXXX : a pictorial review of embryological development and spectrum of imaging findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity4802 :: ('MESH:D006053', 'Disease') :: ['branchial arches']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['localised infection']

entities_list: @entity5816 :: ('MESH:C562384', 'Disease') :: ['branchial cleft anomalies']

entities_list: @entity6127 :: ('MESH:D007569', 'Disease') :: ['branchial arch anomalies', 'branchial arch abnormalities']

answer: @entity5816 :: (MESH:C562384,Disease) :: ['Branchial cleft anomalies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pleural effusion may complicate acute Stanford type B aortic dissection ( @entity23643 ). AIMS: To identify the relationships between the quantity and side of the @entity1143 , biomarkers and outcomes in @entity1 with @entity23643 . METHODS: We undertook a retrospective review of 105 @entity1 with @entity23643 . Their demographics, the data on admission and during hospital stay, the volume of @entity1143 calculated from the area on computed tomography images and clinical outcomes were analysed. RESULTS: The median estimated peak volume (median 6.7 days after onset) was 129 ml (63-192, range 26-514 ml) on the left and 11 ml (6-43, range 2-300 ml) on the right. On univariate analysis, the volume of bilateral effusions was associated with @entity417 , hypoalbuminaemia and inflammatory markers, whereas the volume of left-sided effusions was associated with older age, low diastolic blood pressure and maximum aortic diameter. Multivariate analysis revealed that hypoalbuminaemia was independently associated with bilateral effusion volume (P<0.001), while maximum aortic diameter was associated with left-sided effusion volume (P=0.019). A greater volume of bilateral plural effusion was associated with longer intensive care unit stay. CONCLUSIONS: Larger bilateral @entity1143 in @entity1 with @entity23643 were associated with hypoalbuminaemia and potentially with @entity417 and @entity32 , and may increase the length of intensive care unit stay. Left-sided effusion volume appears to be influenced by the nature of the @entity384 . Multiple mechanisms may underpin the development of @entity1143 in @entity23643 , and are likely to influence clinical outcomes.

title: Clinical implications of XXXX in @entity1 with acute type B aortic dissection.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion', 'pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dilatation']

answer: @entity1143 :: (MESH:D010996,Disease) :: ['pleural effusion']


abstract: The results of transsphenoidal surgery as initial therapy for @entity10759 in 57 acromegalic @entity1 were analyzed retrospectively. @entity1 with prior surgery or radiation therapy were excluded from the study. Three different criteria were used to define remission: @entity413 -suppressed (nadir) GH less than 1.0 microg/liter, a normal sex- and age-adjusted @entity442 level, and postoperative random GH levels of 2.5 microg/liter or less. Additionally, we analyzed the neuropathological data, including immunohistochemistry and ultrastructural categorization, and the surgical complications. The short-term remission rate (6-wk postoperative follow-up visit), as determined by a random GH measurement of 2.5 microg/liter or less, was 48.8%; the remission rate, as determined by nadir GH, was 51.4%. For 57 @entity1 followed for 12 months or more after surgery (mean, 37.7 months), surgical remission was achieved in 70.2%, 66.7%, and 61.1%, respectively, for @entity1 assessed by normal @entity442 , random GH, and nadir GH. One @entity1 (1.1%) developed recurrence of active @entity2012 81 months after initially successful surgical therapy. Extrasellar growth of the @entity5 (P = 0.04) and dural invasion by the @entity652 (P = 0.008) were significant univariate predictors of a poor outcome. @entity5 size was significantly greater in @entity1 with persistent or recurrent @entity2012 (P = 0.02). @entity1 with @entity5 of the ultrastructural categories of mixed GH/PRL cell and mammosomatotroph @entity652 had the lowest remission rates (50% and 42.9%, respectively). There were no perioperative @entity204 , and there was no serious morbidity. The permanent complication rate was 3.3% (1 permanent @entity6684 and 2 nasal septal perforations). Surgical management of @entity2012 currently provides prompt, effective, and satisfactory initial treatment for the majority of @entity1 . Using stringent criteria for remission, primary transsphenoidal surgery for @entity10759 is effective and often definitive therapy for @entity2012 . These results provide a benchmark for the contemporary results of surgical management as assessed by modern outcome criteria.

title: Surgical management of XXXX : an outcome study using modern remission criteria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity10759 :: ('MESH:D049912', 'Disease') :: ['GH-secreting pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity10759 :: (MESH:D049912,Disease) :: ['GH-secreting pituitary adenomas']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: There is little evidence that cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) alone may lead to the resuscitation of @entity1167 victims with other than respiratory causes (eg, pediatric arrest, drowning, @entity1445 ). The objective of this study was to identify out-of-hospital @entity1167 or advanced cardiac life support. METHODS: This observational cohort included all adult survivors of out-of-hospital @entity1167 of a cardiac cause from phases I and II of the Ontario Prehospital Advanced Life Support Study. During the study period, the system provided a basic life support/defibrillation level of care but no advanced life support. CPR-only @entity1 were @entity1 determined to be without vital signs by EMS personnel who regained a palpable pulse in the field with precordial thump or CPR only and then were admitted alive to the hospital. Six members of a 7-member expert review panel had to rate the @entity1 as either probably or definitely having an out-of-hospital @entity1167 , and a rhythm strip consistent with a @entity1167 had to be present to be considered a @entity1 . Criteria considered were witness status, citizen or first responder CPR, CPR duration, arrest rhythm and rate, and performance of precordial thump. RESULTS: From January 1, 1991, to June 30, 1997, 9,667 @entity1 with out-of-hospital @entity1167 were treated. The overall survival rate to hospital discharge was 4.6%. There were 97 apparent CPR-only @entity1 admitted to the hospital. Application of the inclusion criteria yielded 24 CPR-only @entity1 who had true out-of-hospital @entity1167 and 73 @entity1 judged not to have @entity1167 . Of the 24 true CPR-only @entity1 admitted to the hospital, 15 @entity1 were discharged alive, 10 @entity1 were witnessed by bystanders, and 7 @entity1 were witnessed by EMS personnel. The initial arrest rhythm was pulseless electrical activity in 9 @entity1 , @entity1167 in 12 @entity1 , and @entity1165 in 3 @entity1 . One @entity1 with @entity1165 converted to @entity7129 with a single precordial thump. CONCLUSION: CPR-only survivors of true out-of-hospital @entity1167 do exist; some victims of out-of-hospital @entity1167 of primary cardiac cause can survive after provision of out-of-hospital basic life support care only. However, many @entity1 found to be pulseless by means of out-of-hospital evaluation likely did not have a true @entity1167 . This has implications for the survival rates of most, if not all, previous @entity1167 reports. Survival rates from @entity1167 may actually be lower if one excludes survivors who never had a true arrest. The absence of vital signs by out-of-hospital assessment alone is not adequate to include @entity1 in research reports or quality evaluations for @entity1167 .

title: CPR-only survivors of out-of-hospital XXXX : implications for out-of-hospital care and @entity1167 research methodology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'asystole', 'cardiac arrest survivors resuscitated without defibrillation', 'cardiac arrest rhythm']

entities_list: @entity7129 :: ('MESH:D013616', 'Disease') :: ['sinus tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['drug overdose']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The extraordinary invasive capability is a major cause of treatment failure and @entity5 recurrence in @entity2 . Evidence in other cell systems has implicated the regulatory role of microRNA-145 in cell motility and invasion, which promotes us to investigate the biological functions of @entity3373 in @entity2 in this regard. RESULTS: We have found that @entity3373 is dramatically down-regulated in clinical specimen of @entity2 and is negatively correlated with the @entity5 pathological grading in the current study. The cells transfected by @entity3373 expression vector have demonstrated retarded cell mobility. Using a bioinformatics analysis approach, @entity17471 ( @entity17471 ), actin-binding protein, has been identified as the target of @entity3373 . Over-expression of @entity3373 mimics enhanced protein levels of @entity5962 and fibronectin, indicative of its inhibitory role in @entity958 occurrence. Mechanistic studies showed that @entity3373 mimics inhibited @entity17471 expression and @entity3373 inhibitor enhanced it. Over-expression of @entity17471 reversed @entity3373 -regulated expression of @entity958 markers, suggesting that @entity17471 mediated the inhibitory effects of @entity3373 . Our results revealed a novel mechanism that @entity3373 inhibits @entity2 cells migration and invasion via @entity17471 downregulation. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity3373 may function as anti-migration and anti-invasion influence in @entity2 and provides a potential approach for developing @entity3373 -based therapeutic strategies for @entity2 therapy.

title: MicroRNA-145 inhibits migration and invasion by down-regulating XXXX in @entity2 .

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'malignant lung cancer']

answer: @entity17471 :: (6624,Gene) :: ['FSCN1']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Recent experimental evidence suggests that @entity460 channel blockers (CCBs) may have anti-fibrotic effects on liver and @entity3794 . We aimed to investigate whether use of CCBs was associated with the skin @entity82 in @entity1 with @entity785 ( @entity785 ). METHODS: Based on the 5-year follow-up data from the Canadian @entity2631 Research Group registry, we used the generalised estimating equations (GEE) model to assess the relationship between use of CCBs and the primary outcome of skin @entity82 measured by the modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS). We also used GEE models to explore the associations between use of CCBs and risk of secondary outcomes including @entity1066 , @entity3794 , @entity730 , and @entity8 . RESULTS: There were 1547 @entity1 (1330 females) with @entity785 included in this study. Their mean age was 55.5 years and there were 606 @entity1 taking CCBs at baseline. No significant difference in mRSS between the use versus non-use of CCBs was found in the multivariable analysis: mean difference = -0.19 (95% confidence interval: -0.62, 0.23), p-value = 0.37. Use of CCBs was not significantly related to risk of secondary outcomes, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.13 for @entity1066 , 0.94 for @entity3794 , 0.90 for @entity730 and 1.69 for @entity8 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: No significant associations between use of CCBs and skin @entity82 , @entity1066 , @entity3794 , @entity730 and @entity8 were found in @entity1 with @entity785 . More evidence from other well-designed studies would be required to confirm these findings.

title: Relationship between @entity460 channel blockers and skin @entity82 in XXXX with @entity785 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma renal crisis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['digital ulcers']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['Scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcinosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIMS: Sustentacular cells are found in approximately half of @entity5 . However, most studies of sustentacular cells have used the less-specific antibody to the @entity2281 protein, and any correlation between the presence of sustentacular cells and other clinicopathological factors is unclear. The aim of this study was to analyse the significance of sustentacular cells in @entity2 (NECs). METHODS AND RESULTS: A @entity6489 antibody was used to investigate 113 pulmonary NECs. Sustentacular cells were observed in 66.7% of @entity4303 ( @entity4303 ) and 58.3% of @entity4303 ( @entity4303 ) cases, but not in high-grade NECs. @entity5 had a statistically significant correlation with peripheral locations. We found no statistical differences in age, gender, smoking history, overall survival, or the occurrence of lymph node @entity3 . In all but one case, when sustentacular cells were present in the primary site, they were also present in the metastatic lymph nodes. The presence of sustentacular cells differed in morphological subtypes, with the spindle pattern being the most common subtype. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6489 -positive sustentacular cells were observed in @entity5 but not in high-grade NECs. Sustentacular-rich @entity5 did not show a correlation with the occurrence of lymph node @entity3 or survival. The sustentacular cells found differed in morphological subtypes.

title: @entity6489 -positive sustentacular cells in neuroendocrine XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Sustentacular-rich tumours', 'pulmonary carcinoid tumours', 'carcinoid tumours']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['atypical carcinoid', 'typical carcinoid', 'AC', 'TC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the lung']


abstract: Endotracheal intubation is a lifesaving technique performed by flight crews often under difficult circumstances. Inadvertent unrecognized esophageal intubation is reported to occur up to 8% of the time. Recently a new disposable device has been developed to assist in determining proper endotracheal tube placement. The FEF end-tidal @entity544 detector (Fenem Co.) was evaluated in this study. From June 1989 to January 1990, all @entity1 intubated or transported with endotracheal tubes in place by LifeStar, helicopter Emergency Medical Service, had the FEF detector positioned on the endotracheal tube. Flight crews continuously monitored changes in the indicator of the FEF during transport. On arrival to the emergency department, tube position was verified with direct laryngoscopy by an emergency department physician or @entity130 surgeon. Thirty-five @entity1 were entered into the study. Thirty-four were identified by direct laryngoscopy as having proper placement of the their endotracheal tube and one was found to be intubated in the esophagus. The FEF device properly identified the single esophageal intubation and accurately identified proper position of the endotracheal tube in thirty-two @entity1 . Of the three @entity1 in @entity1167 , the FEF device was accurate in detecting tube position in each case. The overall sensitivity of the FEF detector in this aeromedical setting was 94%. Specificity was calculated as 100%. The overall positive predictive value of the FEF detector was 100%. We therefore conclude that indication of a tracheal intubation by the FEF detector is reliable after six breaths in the aeromedical setting and advocate its use as an adjunct for monitoring tube position while in flight.

title: Evaluation of an end-tidal XXXX detector in the aeromedical setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary arrest']

answer: @entity544 :: (MESH:D002245,Chemical) :: ['carbon dioxide']


abstract: A clinical study was carried out to assess the response of 46 @entity1 to oral loads of @entity3363 after recovery from severe @entity294 . The response was measured by the increases in blood reducing @entity3363 and by the variations in the stool pattern following administration of oral @entity3363 . @entity7016 oral loads were used in the test. During the acute stage of the illness, 38 of the 46 @entity1 had exhibited intolerance to @entity3363 , as evidenced by the excretion of acid stools and/or stools with a greater than .25% @entity1735 content. Prompt improvement from @entity294 was induced by elimination of all @entity1132 , @entity7967 , and other @entity3363 from the diet. None of the @entity1 had monosaccharide intolerance during the acute diarrheal stage. The @entity1735 oral loads were administered within 1 week after recovery and serially thereafter. Responses to @entity969 and @entity1132 loads were related to the degree of intolerance exhibited during the illness. In @entity1 with @entity294 , the impaired @entity1735 metabolism is temporary. Oral feedings may be administered after cessation of profuse @entity294 and @entity391 and after replacement of water and electrolytes. @entity1 should be back on a milk formula within 3-4 months, depending on the degree of @entity1735 intolerance exhibited during the illness.

title: The response of XXXX to @entity1735 oral loads after recovery from @entity294 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity7967 :: ('MESH:D004187', 'Chemical') :: ['disaccharides']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity7016 :: ('CHEBI:36233', 'Chemical') :: ['Disaccharide']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['sugars', 'carbohydrates']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: The relation between myocardial functional changes and the apoptosis-related proteins in @entity1 with @entity384 ( @entity384 ) has not yet been reported. The purpose of this study was to assess this issue through the use of @entity452 stress echocardiography. A total of 81 segments of left ventricles (from 6 @entity1 with @entity384 ) were collected in this study. Segments from another 5 @entity1 who had died of noncardiac causes were used as the control. Apoptosis-related proteins ( @entity589 , @entity588 , and @entity876 ) and apoptosis were evaluated in these segments by immunocytochemical stain and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated DNA nick end-labeling assay. There were 26 segments with @entity452 -induced contractile reserve. There were significant differences in numbers of segments with overexpression of @entity588 and @entity589 in the study and control groups. However, @entity876 was not found in either group. The total terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated DNA nick end-labeling-positive nuclei in explanted hearts of @entity384 was 0.73%. The myocardial contractile reserve was inversely associated with an overexpression of @entity588 (P <.01) rather than @entity589 . In conclusion, the expression of @entity589 and @entity588 proteins in @entity1 with @entity384 is enhanced and independent of @entity876 . Loss of contractile reserve is associated with overexpression of @entity588 protein in failing myocardium.

title: The correlation between expression of apoptosis-related proteins and myocardial functional reserve evaluated by XXXX stress echocardiography in @entity1 with @entity384 .

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['DCM', 'dilated cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity452 :: (MESH:D004280,Chemical) :: ['dobutamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was to evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) in treating vertebral metastases, focusing on the related intractable @entity158 and operative complications including cement leakage, @entity409 , dysneuria, etc. @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty-seven @entity1 with spinal @entity5 who underwent PVP between September 2011 and March 2013 in the hospital were evaluated retrospectively. @entity158 scores on one day before the surgery, on one day after the surgery and at the end of the follow-up were recorded using VAS. The VAS scores were analyzed by Wilcoxon rank-sum test using SPSS 19.0. The distribution and leakage of @entity4625 and complications ( @entity409 , dysneuria, etc.) were evaluated by CT and plain film. RESULTS: PVP in all @entity1 was successful. The preoperative mean value of VAS and the postoperative mean value of VAS showed statistical difference (8.4  1.4 and 3.1  2.3 respectively). At the end of follow-up, the mean value of VAS was 3.4  1.9. Bone cement leakage was observed in 35 vertebrae. Among the cases with bone cement leakage, one case showed the related complication (radiating @entity158 in left limb) and was relieved after treatment of @entity619 and analgesia for one week; the others did not present any related complication. CONCLUSION: With some limitations in the study, PVP appeared to be an alternative method to treat painful spine metastases.

title: Efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty in XXXX with painful vertebral metastases: A retrospective study in 47 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumours']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the value of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and postbronchoscopic sputum cytology in diagnosing peripheral @entity2 . We performed a prospective study in 55 @entity1 with lesions on chest radiographs who were suspected of having @entity2 and had non-endoscopically visible lesions on fiberoptic bronchoscopy. The sequence of procedures in all cases was BAL and transbronchial forceps biopsy. The final diagnosis of these @entity1 were @entity2 in 30 @entity1 , metatastic @entity2 in five and benign diseases in 20. In the @entity2 group, BAL was positive for malignant cells in 14 of the 30 @entity1 (46.7%). In seven (50%) of these @entity1 , the cell type diagnosed by BAL agreed with the final diagnosis. The diagnostic yield of BAL was influenced by the size and segmental location of the lesion. Bronchoalveolar lavage provided a higher diagnostic yield (46.7%) than transbronchial biopsy (16.7%). In five @entity1 with @entity2 and 20 @entity1 with benign disease, BAL gave negative results in all. Postbronchoscopic sputum cytology was positive in only two of the 26 @entity1 (7.7%) from whom samples could be obtained. Bronchoalveolar lavage cytology proved to be a valuable diagnostic tool in detecting peripheral, @entity2 . Postbronchoscopic sputum cytology provided no significant additional information.

title: Diagnostic value of bronchoalveolar lavage and postbronchoscopic sputum cytology in peripheral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'metastatic lung cancer', 'primary lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Successful breast conserving surgery consists of complete removal of the @entity5 while sparing healthy surrounding tissue. Despite currently available imaging and margin assessment tools, recognizing @entity5 tissue at a resection margin during surgery is challenging. @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ), which uses light for tissue characterization, can potentially guide surgeons to prevent @entity5 positive margins. However, inter- @entity1 variation and changes in tissue physiology occurring during the resection might hamper this light-based technology. Here we investigate how inter- @entity1 variation and tissue status (in vivo vs ex vivo) affect the performance of the @entity1893 optical parameters. In vivo and ex vivo measurements of 45 @entity0 @entity1 were obtained and quantified with an analytical model to acquire the optical parameters. The optical parameter representing the ratio between fat and water provided the best discrimination between normal and @entity5 tissue, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.94. There was no substantial influence of other @entity1 factors such as menopausal status on optical measurements. Contrary to expectations, normalization of the optical parameters did not improve the discriminative power. Furthermore, measurements taken in vivo were not significantly different from the measurements taken ex vivo. These findings indicate that @entity1893 is a robust technology for the detection of @entity5 tissue during breast conserving surgery.

title: Using @entity1893 during breast conserving surgery: identifying robust optical parameters and influence of inter- XXXX variation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['DRS', 'Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: AIM: The aims of this study were to: 1) ascertain if @entity13086 resin in 0.5% [PE(0.5%)] and 0.25% [PE(0.25%)] in @entity1068 (PE) self-applied sequentially for 3 days with 4 days break cycle is as effective as supervised @entity13086 25% in tincture @entity66742 (PB) applied in the clinic biweekly in treating penile warts and 2) ascertain if PE causes less skin irritation than PB. METHODS AND RESULTS: The clearance rate of penile warts was 36.4% (4/11) in PE (0.5%) treated group, 66.7% (4/6) in the PE (0.25%) treated group and 33.3% (6/18) for PB treated group after 1 week (ns). The wart clearance rate at 6 weeks for PE (0.5%) treated group, PE (0.25%) treated group and PB treated group were 81.8% (9/11), 100% (6/6) and 83.3% (15/17) respectively (ns). There were 47 individual warts on the penis of the 17 @entity1 in the PE treated group and 58 individual warts on the penis of the 18 @entity1 in the PB treated group. Based on the response of individual warts to the 2 treatment regimens, the clearance rate was 42.6% (20/47) for the PE treated group and 25% (15/56) for the PB treated group after 1 week treatment (ns). At 6 weeks follow-up, the clearance rate for the PE treated group and the PB treated group were 85.1% (40/47) and 73.2% (41/56) respectively (ns). Skin irritation including superficial @entity2681 , @entity158 and itch were observed in 47% (8/17) in @entity1 treated with PE compared to 38.9% (7/18) in @entity1 treated with PB (ns) during the 6 weeks follow-up period. The clearance rate of @entity1 treated with PE (0.25%) was compared to those treated with PE (0.5%). Four out of six of PE (0.25%) treated @entity1 had clearance of warts after 1 week and 100% clearance at the end of 6 weeks. None experienced any skin irritation. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that 0.5% @entity13086 (and possibly 0.25% @entity13086 ) in @entity1068 is effective in eradicating penile warts. It can be used by @entity1 for self-treatment at home with greater convenience and is more cost effective than the conventional @entity13086 25% in tincture benzoin paint.

title: Comparing treatment response and complications between @entity13086 0.5%/0.25% in @entity1068 vs XXXX 25% in tincture benzoin for penile warts.

entities_list: @entity13086 :: ('MESH:D011033', 'Chemical') :: ['podophyllin']

answer: @entity13086 :: (MESH:D011033,Chemical) :: ['podophyllin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We investigated the association of impaired blood polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) migration with the incidence of @entity2348 in @entity1 with severe @entity130 . METHOD: Twenty-six intensive-care @entity1 with different injury severity scores were enrolled in a prospective study. PMN migration was measured daily using 300 microl fresh whole blood in a membrane filter assay. Migration was evaluated in an automated image analyzer that recorded numbers and distribution of the immigrant PMNs within a filter. The relevant parameter was the percentage of PMNs that migrated from the blood samples into the filters upon @entity5037 stimulation. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 developed posttraumatic @entity281 verified microbiologically. These @entity1 showed a reduced PMN migratory capacity in comparison with the 17 @entity1 without @entity281 . A migrating portion of six per cent or less at least three days in succession preceded @entity281 by one to 19 days and indicated @entity281 in eight true positive versus three false positive cases, and 14 true negative versus one false negative case, i.e. specificity was 82.3% and sensitivity 88.8%, p=0.0008. @entity130 severity had no influence on PMN migration. CONCLUSIONS: @entity130 @entity1 with @entity73 are at risk for @entity2348 . Whole-blood migration tests can define the @entity281 risk and thus may be useful predictive markers for @entity281 .

title: Impaired blood polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration and XXXX risk in severe @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired PMN migration']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Elevated fasting levels of branched chain @entity3534 (BCAAs: @entity4857 , @entity6778 , @entity368 ) in venous blood are associated with a variety of @entity209 , including increased risk of @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ). Fasting @entity18200 levels are influenced by non-dietary factors. However, it is unknown whether fasting BCAAs can be altered through manipulation of dietary intake alone. OBJECTIVE: To test whether a specific dietary intervention, using differences in @entity18200 intake, alters fasting @entity18200 levels independent of other factors. DESIGN: Five healthy male volunteers underwent 4 days of a low and 4 days of a high @entity18200 content dietary intervention (ClinicalTrials.gov [NCT02110602]). All food and supplements were provided. Fasting BCAAs were measured from venous blood samples by mass spectrometry at baseline and after each intervention. RESULTS: Diets were isocaloric; contained equal percentages of calories from @entity1735 , fats, and protein; and differed from each other in @entity18200 content (1.5  0.1 vs. 14.0  0.6 g for @entity4857 ; 4.5  0.9 g vs. 13.8  0.5 g for @entity6778 ; 2.1  0.2 g vs. 27.1  1.0 g for @entity368 ; p<0.0001 for all). Fasting @entity4857 was significantly lower (p=0.02) and fasting @entity6778 and @entity368 were numerically lower following the low @entity18200 content vs. the high @entity18200 content diet levels. The inter-individual response to the dietary interventions was variable and not explained by adherence. CONCLUSION: Short-term dietary manipulation of @entity18200 intake led to modest changes in fasting levels of BCAAs. The approach from our pilot study can be expanded to test the metabolic implications of dietary @entity18200 manipulation.

title: A pilot, short-term dietary manipulation of branched chain @entity3534 has modest influence on fasting levels of branched chain XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3534 :: ('MESH:D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity6778 :: ('CHEBI:24898', 'Chemical') :: ['isoleucine']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic impairments']

answer: @entity3534 :: (MESH:D000596,Chemical) :: ['amino acids']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 who have abortions are at high risk of contraception discontinuation and subsequent unintended pregnancy. The objective of this analysis was to identify factors associated with choice of highly effective long-acting, @entity1871 -only contraceptive methods after abortion. STUDY DESIGN: @entity1 presenting for surgical abortion who selected the @entity2692 @entity16732 , the @entity1871 implant, or the @entity1871 injection (depot @entity11796 , or @entity12135 ) as their post-abortion contraceptives were recruited to participate in a one-year prospective cohort study. We used multivariable multinomial logistic regression to identify factors associated with choosing long-acting, reversible contraceptives ( @entity16732 or implant) compared to @entity12135 . RESULTS: A total of 260 @entity1 , aged 18-45 years, enrolled in the study, 100 of whom chose the @entity16732 , 63 the implant, and 97 @entity12135 . The @entity1 were 24.9 years old on average; 36% were black and 29% were Latina. Fifty-nine percent had had a previous abortion, 66% a prior birth, and 55% were undergoing a second-trimester abortion. In multivariable analyses, compared with @entity12135 users, @entity1 who chose the @entity16732 or the implant were less likely to be currently experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV,) reported higher stress levels, weighed more, were more likely to have finished high school, to have used the pill before, and to report that counselors or doctors were helpful in making the decision (all significant at p<0.05, see text for relative risk ratios and confidence intervals.) In addition, @entity1 who chose the @entity16732 were less likely to be black (p<0.01,) and @entity1 who chose the implant were more likely to report that they would be unhappy to become pregnant within 6 months (p<0.05,) than @entity12135 users. CONCLUSION: A variety of factors including race/ethnicity, past contraceptive use, feelings towards pregnancy, stress and weight were different between @entity16365 and @entity12135 users. Notably, current IPV was associated with choice of @entity12135 over the @entity16732 or implant, implying that a desire to choose a hidden method may be important to some @entity1 and should be included in counseling. IMPLICATIONS: In contraceptive counseling, after screening for intimate partner violence, assessing @entity1 's stress, and taking a history about past contraceptive use, clinicians should discuss whether these factors might affect a @entity1 's choice of method.

title: Choice of the XXXX intrauterine device, etonogestrel implant or depot @entity11796 for contraception after aspiration abortion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity11796 :: ('MESH:D017258', 'Chemical') :: ['medroxyprogesterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity2692 :: ('MESH:D016912', 'Chemical') :: ['levonorgestrel']

entities_list: @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['progestin']

answer: @entity2692 :: (MESH:D016912,Chemical) :: ['levonorgestrel']


abstract: @entity2867 ( @entity2867 ) has a rapidly fatal clinical course, being resistant to multimodal treatments. Microtubules, a/b tubulin heterodimers, are crucial in cell signaling, division and mitosis and are among the most successful targets for anticancer therapy. Panobinostat ( @entity13537 ) is a potent deacetylase inhibitor acting both on histones and nonhistonic proteins, including a-tubulin. In vitro @entity13537 , evaluated in three @entity2867 cell lines (BHT-101, CAL-62 and 8305C), resulted in impairment of cell viability, inhibition of colony formation, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. Mechanistically, we showed that @entity13537 not only affected the expression of @entity994 and @entity4910 , but markedly determined microtubule stabilization as evidenced by tubulin acetylation and increased tubulin polymerization. In a @entity915 xenograft model implanted with @entity1 cells, the cytotoxic properties of @entity13537 were confirmed. The drug at the dose of 20 mg/kg significantly impaired @entity5 growth ( @entity5 .5-fold smaller than in untreated animals); at this dose, no relevant side effects were observed. In @entity5 of treated animals, a significant reduction of Ki67, which was negatively correlated with tubulin acetylation, was observed. Moreover, @entity16374 -tubulin levels negatively correlated with @entity5 volume at sacrifice, reinforcing the opinion that tubulin acetylation has a role in the inhibition of @entity5 growth. In conclusion, @entity13537 , acting on both histones and nonhistonic proteins in @entity259 , appears to be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of this kind of @entity5 which is known not to respond to conventional therapy.

title: Cytotoxic activity of the histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat ( @entity13537 ) in XXXX in vitro and in vivo.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'final tumor volume 2', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity2867 :: ('MESH:D065646', 'Disease') :: ['ATC', 'Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['anaplastic thyroid cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the possible association between clear corneal incision with or without placement of a suture during @entity231 extraction and @entity86 . DESIGN: Retrospective, comparative, case-controlled study. METHODS: Thirty-eight @entity1 treated for culture-positive, acute post- @entity231 surgery @entity3225 , and 371 randomly selected control @entity1 who underwent uncomplicated @entity231 surgery in the referring community were studied. Incision type and use of suture during @entity231 surgery of @entity3225 @entity1 were compared with the controls. The data were analyzed using logistic regression methods. RESULTS: Of the 38 @entity1 with @entity3225 , 17 @entity1 (45%) had clear corneal incisions and 21 @entity1 (55%) had a scleral tunnel incision. In 371 controls, 76 @entity1 (20%) had clear corneal incisions and 295 @entity1 (80%) had scleral tunnel incisions. Clear corneal incision was associated with a threefold greater risk of @entity3225 than was scleral tunnel incision (Odds Ratio, 3.36, 95% Confidence Interval = 1.67 to 6.78). The type of incision was significant (chi(2) = 11.53, P =.0007); a clear corneal incision was more frequently associated with @entity3225 . A subgroup analysis revealed that the presence or absence of a suture was not significant (chi(2) = 1.31, P =.2524). CONCLUSIONS: In this retrospective, case-controlled study, clear corneal incisions were found to be a statistically significant risk factor for acute post- @entity231 surgery @entity3225 when compared with scleral tunnel incisions.

title: Case-control study of XXXX after @entity231 surgery comparing scleral tunnel and clear corneal wounds.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative endophthalmitis']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity3225 :: (MESH:D009877,Disease) :: ['endophthalmitis']


abstract: AIM: Energy restricted meal plans may compromise nutrient intake. This study used diet modelling to assess the nutritional adequacy of energy restricted meal plans designed for weight management in young @entity28 @entity1 . METHODS: Diet modelling of 6000 kJ/d animal protein based meal plans was performed using Australian nutrient databases with adequacy compared to the Australian Nutrient Reference Values (NRVs) for @entity1 (19-30 years). One diet plan was based on the higher @entity1735 (HC) version of the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating for @entity1 19-60 years. An alternative higher protein (HP) plan was adapted from the CSIRO Total Wellbeing Diet. Vegan and lacto-ovo versions of these plans were also modelled and compared to the appropriate vegetarian NRVs. RESULTS: Both animal protein diets met the estimated average requirement (EAR) or adequate intake (AI) for all nutrients analysed. The recommended dietary intake (RDI) was also satisfied, except for @entity68 . HC met 75  30% and HP 81  31% of the @entity68 RDI when red meat and @entity68 fortified cereal were both included three days a week, and remained below the RDI even when red meat was increased to seven days. @entity68 for the modified vegan (57  5% HC; 66  4% HP) and lacto-ovo (48  6% HC; 59  7% HP) plans was below the RDI and @entity219 below the EAR for the vegan (76  8% HC; 84  9% HP) plans. CONCLUSION: The 6000 kJ/d animal protein meal plans met the RDI for all nutrients except @entity68 . @entity68 and @entity219 failed to meet the vegetarian RDI and EAR respectively for the vegan plans.

title: Nutritional adequacy of energy restricted diets for young XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: @entity1024 receptor (NR) activation in the hippocampus and neocortex plays a central role in memory and cognitive function. We analyzed the cellular expression of the five NR subunit ( @entity6806 and @entity11588 -D) mRNAs in these regions with in situ hybridization and @entity1 ribonucleotide probes. Film autoradiograms demonstrated a distinct pattern of hybridization signal in the hippocampal complex and the neocortex with probes for @entity6806 , @entity11588 , and @entity13069 mRNA. @entity21413 and @entity21412 probes yielded scattered signals without a distinct organization. At the emulsion level, the @entity6806 probe produced high-density hybridization signals across the hippocampal complex. @entity11588 mRNA was higher in dentate granule cells and pyramidal cells in @entity1399 and subiculum compared to hilus neurons. @entity13069 mRNA expression was moderate throughout, with higher expression in dentate granule cells, @entity1399 and @entity1400 pyramidal cells than in hilus neurons. In the hippocampal complex, the @entity21413 probe signal was not different from background in any region, whereas the @entity21412 probe signal resulted in low to moderate grain densities. We analyzed NR subunit mRNA expression in the prefrontal, parietal, primary visual, and motor cortices. All areas displayed strong @entity6806 hybridization signals. @entity11588 and @entity13069 mRNAs were expressed in cortical areas and layers. @entity21413 mRNA was expressed at low levels in distinct layers that differed by region and the @entity21412 signal was equally moderate throughout all regions. Pyramidal cells in both hippocampus and neocortex express @entity6806 , @entity11588 , @entity13069 , and, to a lesser extent, @entity21412 mRNA. Interneurons or granular layer neurons and some glial cells express @entity21413 mRNA.

title: Expression of XXXX receptor subunit mRNAs in the @entity1 brain: hippocampus and cortex.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

answer: @entity1024 :: (CHEBI:31882,Chemical) :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In previous studies, @entity2704 @entity1 showed abnormalities in @entity158 -related evoked responses, as reduced @entity734 to repetitive stimulation. In this study, we aimed to apply a novel analysis of EEG bands synchronization and directed dynamical influences under @entity158 stimuli in @entity2704 @entity1 compared to non- @entity2704 healthy volunteers. Thirty-one @entity5330 outpatients (MIGR) were evaluated and compared to 19 controls (CONT). The right hand was stimulated by means of 30 consecutive CO2 laser stimuli. EEG signal was examined by means of Morlet wavelet, @entity7158 ( @entity7158 ), and Granger causality (GC), and the statistically validated results were mapped on the corresponding scalp locations. The vertex complex of averaged laser-evoked responses (LEPs) showed reduced @entity734 compared to CONT. In the prestimulus phase, enhanced @entity7158 in the 0, 5-30   Hz range was present in MIGR and CONT between the bilateral temporal-parietal and the frontal regions around the midline. @entity2704 @entity1 showed an anticipation of EEG changes preceding the @entity158 stimulation compared to CONT. In the poststimulus phase, the same cortical areas were more connected in MIGR vs CONT. In both groups of @entity1 and CONT, the @entity734 index was negatively correlated with the GC scores. A different pattern of cortical activation after @entity158 stimulation was present in @entity2704 . The increase in cortical connections during repetitive @entity158 stimulation may subtend the phenomenon of LEPs reduced @entity734 . Brain network analysis may give an aid in understanding subtle changes of @entity158 processing under laser stimuli in @entity2704 @entity1 .

title: Functional Connectivity of EEG Signals Under Laser Stimulation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7158 :: ('MESH:D009378', 'Disease') :: ['SE', 'synchronization entropy']

entities_list: @entity5330 :: ('MESH:D020326', 'Disease') :: ['migraine without aura']

entities_list: @entity2704 :: ('MESH:D008881', 'Disease') :: ['migraine', 'Migraine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['habituation']

answer: @entity2704 :: (MESH:D008881,Disease) :: ['Migraine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: For school-aged @entity1 with reading difficulties, an emerging and important area of investigation concerns determining predictors of intervention response. Previous studies have focused exclusively on cognitive and broadly defined behavioral variables. What has been missing, however, are studies examining @entity148 , which is among the most commonly experienced difficulty for youth. OBJECTIVE: The present study examined @entity148 among @entity1 classified as typically achieving or showing inadequate/adequate response following an intervention for reading problems. METHODS: @entity1 were 153 ethnically-diverse @entity1 (84 male, 69 female) evaluated in the winter and spring of their first-grade academic year. @entity1 completed several standardized measures of reading achievement involving decoding and fluency along with a multidimensional @entity148 rating scale. RESULTS: Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant main effects for time and scale and significant interactions for time*scale and group*scale. Logistic regression examined whether @entity148 predicted response to intervention (Y/N) at the end of the school-year. CONCLUSIONS: Results showed overall decreases in @entity148 over time, with the exception of the harm avoidance area which increased and also interacted with group ( @entity1 with decoding/fluency difficulties reported less harm avoidance than typically achieving @entity1 ). The harm avoidance area was most pertinent across analyses highlighting the potential importance of targeting this area; however, none of the @entity148 scales predicted response group at the end of the intervention. Ongoing research is needed in this area in order to identify characteristics of inadequate responders to reading intervention programs and/or inform interventions that incorporate these socioemotional factors.

title: XXXX and Response to Reading Intervention among First Grade Students.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'children', 'Children']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['Anxiety']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate characteristics of @entity463 multiforme, effectiveness of treatment modalities, and detect factors related to outcome. METHODS: A detailed analysis was performed on a series of 15 @entity1 treated between 2000 and 2013, based on their clinical, radiologic, pathologic, treatment, and follow-up data. RESULTS: Median survival time of @entity1 with @entity463 was 13.5  months. One- and 2-year overall survival probabilities were 66.7 and 20  %, respectively. There were no significant differences in survival based on @entity1 ' gender, age, disease presentation with or without @entity302 , signs/symptoms of @entity428 , or @entity5 location. The presence of @entity51 initially, as well as prior to radiotherapy, which was quantified by neurologic function score (NFS), had an impact on overall survival. @entity1 with NFS 0 lived longer compared to others (p   =   0.001). Survival of @entity1 that underwent gross total resection was longer than that of @entity1 that underwent subtotal resection (p   =   0.030). Mean survival time of @entity1 with gross total resection was 73.5  months, compared to 13  months in @entity1 with subtotal resection. There was no significant correlation between outcome and type of radiotherapy. In four @entity1 with gigantocellular @entity463 , we found no evidence of a better prognosis. Two long-term survivors were recorded. Both of them underwent gross total resection and were assigned a NFS 0. CONCLUSIONS: Gross total resection is essential for longer overall survival among pediatric @entity1 with @entity463 and offers a possibility for long-term survival. Severity of neurologic symptoms quantified by NFS can be considered as a potential predictor of outcome.

title: XXXX : a single institution experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['childhood glioblastoma', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['Pediatric glioblastoma']


abstract: The numbers of reptiles in homes has at least doubled in the last decade in Europe and the USA. Reptile purchases are increasingly triggered by the attempt to avoid potentially allergenic fur pets like @entity235 and @entity468 . Consequently, reptiles are today regarded as surrogate pets initiating a closer relationship with the owner than ever previously observed. Reptile pets are mostly fed with insects, especially grasshoppers and/or locusts, which are sources for aggressive airborne allergens, best known from occupational insect breeder @entity566 . Exposure in homes thus introduces a new form of @entity566 to grasshoppers and related insects. Accordingly, an 8-year old @entity1 developed severe @entity56 and @entity565 within 4  months after purchase of a bearded dragon. The reptile was held in the living room and regularly fed with living grasshoppers. In the absence of a serological @entity566 diagnosis test, an IgE immunoblot on grasshopper extract and prick-to-prick test confirmed specific sensitization to grasshoppers. After 4  years of allergen avoidance, a single respiratory exposure was sufficient to trigger a severe @entity565 attack again in the @entity1 . Based on literature review and the clinical example we conclude that reptile keeping is associated with introducing potent insect allergens into home environments. @entity1 interviews during diagnostic procedure should therefore by default include the question about reptile pets in homes.

title: Caution: Reptile pets shuttle grasshopper @entity566 and XXXX into homes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'boy', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'allergies', 'domestic allergy']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: The chemosensitivity of micrometastases in the peritoneal cavity to a @entity1487 derivative ( @entity12081 ) was examined with a micrometastasis model featuring a @entity1 @entity356 cell line tagged with the green fluorescence protein (GFP) gene in @entity19 . Peritoneal metastases on the omentum and mesentery could be specifically visualized even when minute or dormant and also externally monitored noninvasively under illumination with blue light from 1 day after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of @entity5 cells. Metastatic deposits formed after i.p. injection of 2x10(6) @entity5 cells were significantly reduced by @entity12081 in a dose-dependent manner (15-20 mg/kg), when it was orally administered from day 1 post-injection for 4 weeks (early administration). No such inhibition was evident after injection of 1x10(7) @entity5 cells. When 2x10(6) @entity5 cells given injection, the ascites-free period in @entity12081 -treated @entity19 was significantly longer than in their untreated counterparts. Survival of @entity12081 -treated @entity19 (5/15) was also significantly higher than the zero rate in controls (0/15), with 4 out of 5 surviving @entity19 being free from peritoneal @entity3 and the exception having only a few dormant metastases. In contrast, when @entity12081 was administered starting from day 7 post-injection for 4 weeks (late administration), the survival and ascites-free period of the @entity12081 -treated @entity19 were not significantly influenced. The results indicate that the chemosensitivity of peritoneal metastases to @entity12081 is dependent on the number of i.p. @entity5 cells and the timing of drug administration. Peritoneal micrometastases at an early stage are most susceptible and can be effectively eliminated by oral administration of an anti- @entity5 agent, which leads to the longer survival and better quality of life (QOL) of the @entity19 .

title: Chemosensitivity of peritoneal micrometastases as evaluated using a green fluorescence protein (GFP)-tagged XXXX @entity356 cell line.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Development of a small animal model to study @entity174 healing has been challenging in the past. Stabilization of osteotomy in small animals has mainly been accomplished using Krishner wires. Krisheners offer stabilization, but can result in a significant increase in @entity174 . An alternative approach using a modified twenty-five hole 1.5 mm stainless steel plate was used to stabilize a 5 mm femoral osteotomy, and @entity174 stabilization was followed for a period of 15 weeks in adult male @entity35 . Fifty four of fifty-six animals (96%) were followed 15 weeks post operatively. Within the first few days post operatively, two animals showed evidence of fixation failure due to technical error, and the animals were humanely sacrificed. Otherwise, after two days post-operatively the remaining 54 animals were weight bearing. At 15 weeks post-operatively, the @entity174 was stable with little bone formation evident. Therefore, this technique can effectively be used to evaluate compounds which will enhance bone formation. The technique allows for stable fixation of the control with little callus formation and @entity79 . This model will allow for x-ray analysis to follow bone growth in relation to bone enhancing compounds.

title: Plating of XXXX femoral shaft osteotomies: report of a technique and preliminary results.

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone ingrowth']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'fracture callus']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine risk factors for @entity2524 and @entity5386 in institutionalised elderly @entity1 . DESIGN: Six-year prospective cohort study. SETTING: Twenty nine of the 30 institutions for elderly @entity1 in Kitakyushu, Japan. SUBJECTS: Four hundred and eighteen of the 1,096 subjects who were dentate at the baseline examination. OUTCOME MEASURES: Factors that influenced @entity2524 and @entity5386 . RESULTS: In both sexes, older subjects had fewer remaining teeth at baseline. Males lost more teeth than females, and @entity5386 was also more likely in males than in females. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed that the number of teeth, number of @entity1547 , @entity6885 , and plaque index were significant predictors for the number of teeth lost. The incidence of @entity5386 was higher in males than in females. Stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that poorer mental health status, fewer teeth, having deep periodontal pocket, and poorer oral hygiene status were independently associated with the six-year incidence of @entity5386 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2524 in institutionalised elderly @entity1 in Japan is related to both poor oral health status and poor mental health status.

title: Risk factors for XXXX in the institutionalised elderly; a six-year cohort study.

entities_list: @entity6885 :: ('MESH:D010514', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal pocket depth']

entities_list: @entity5386 :: ('MESH:D007575', 'Disease') :: ['edentulism']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['decayed teeth']

entities_list: @entity2524 :: ('MESH:D016388', 'Disease') :: ['Tooth loss', 'tooth loss']

answer: @entity2524 :: (MESH:D016388,Disease) :: ['tooth loss']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Most @entity1 with @entity2 are elderly and poorly represented in randomized clinical trials. They are often undertreated because of concerns about their ability to tolerate aggressive treatment. We tested the hypothesis that elderly @entity1 undergoing @entity358 might tolerate treatment differently than younger @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 125 @entity1 who underwent definitive lung radiotherapy were identified from a prospective institutional database (University of Michigan cohort). Logistic regression modeling was performed to assess the impact of age on @entity2910 grade 2 or higher or grade 2 or higher and @entity55 grade 3 or higher or grade 2 or higher, with adjustment for esophageal and lung dose, respectively, as well as for chemotherapy utilization, smoking status, and performance status. The analysis was validated in a large cohort of 691 @entity1 from the Michigan Radiation Oncology Quality Consortium registry, an independent statewide prospective database. RESULTS: In the University of Michigan cohort, multivariable regression models revealed a significant inverse correlation between age and rate of @entity2910 for both @entity137 levels, (adjusted OR  = 0.93 for both models and 95% confidence intervals of 0.88-0.98 and 0.87-0.99), with areas under the curve of 0.747 and 0.721, respectively, demonstrating good fit. This same association was noted in the Michigan Radiation Oncology Quality Consortium cohort. There was no significant association between age and @entity55 . CONCLUSIONS: There is a lower incidence of @entity2910 with increasing age even after adjustment for use of chemotherapy. This is a novel finding in thoracic oncology. No age @entity734 was noted for @entity358 . The elderly are able to tolerate @entity1161 well and should be offered this option when clinically warranted.

title: Lower Incidence of @entity2910 in the Elderly Undergoing Definitive Radiation Therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['definitive thoracic radiation']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary toxicity', 'definitive lung radiation']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Lung Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Breathlessness, cough and @entity1295 are distressing symptoms for @entity1 with @entity2 . There is evidence that these three symptoms form a discreet symptom cluster. This study aimed to feasibly test a new non-pharmacological intervention for the management of the Respiratory Distress Symptom @entity2 . METHOD: This was a multi-centre, randomised controlled non-blinded parallel group feasibility trial. Eligible @entity1 ( @entity1 with primary @entity2 and 'bothered' by at least two of the three cluster symptoms) received usual care plus a multicomponent intervention delivered over two intervention training sessions and a follow-up telephone call or usual care only. Follow-up was for 12  weeks, and end-points included six numerical rating scales for @entity1353 severity, Dyspnoea-12, Manchester Cough in Lung Cancer scale, FACIT-Fatigue scale, Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 scale, Lung Cancer Symptom Scale and the EQ-5D-3L, collected at baseline, week 4 and week 12. RESULTS: One hundred seven @entity1 were randomised over 8  months; however, six were removed from further analysis due to protocol violations (intervention group n   =   50 and control group n   =   51). Of the ineligible @entity1 (n   =   608), 29  % reported either not experiencing two or more symptoms or not being 'bothered' by at least two symptoms. There was 29  % drop-out by week 4, and by week 12, a further two @entity1 in the control group were lost to follow-up. A sample size calculation indicated that 122 @entity1 per arm would be needed to detect a clinically important difference in the main outcome for @entity1353 , cough and @entity1295 . CONCLUSIONS: The study has provided evidence of the feasibility and acceptability of a new intervention in the @entity2 population and warrants a fully powered trial before we reach any conclusions. The follow-on trial will test the hypothesis that the intervention improves symptom cluster of @entity1353 , cough and @entity1295 better than usual care alone. Full economic evaluation will be conducted in the main trial.

title: Management of the respiratory distress symptom XXXX : a randomised controlled feasibility trial.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathlessness']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'Cluster (breathlessness-cough-fatigue) in lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['cluster in lung cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity20117 @entity21559 ( @entity20117 @entity21559 ) @entity2783 is a phenotypically diverse disease with symptoms ranging from predominant @entity16 to exclusive @entity299 . The aims of this study were to determine the dispersion of the two types of fibrils found in Swedish @entity20117 @entity21559 @entity1 -Type A consisting of a mixture of truncated and full length @entity20117 fibrils and type B fibrils consisting of full length fibrils, and to estimate the severity of @entity299 in relation to fibril composition and sex. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Echocardiographic data were analysed in 107 Swedish @entity20117 @entity21559 @entity1 with their fibril composition determined as either @entity1129 or type B. Measurements of left ventricular (LV) dimensions and evaluation of systolic and diastolic function including speckle tracking derived strain were performed. @entity1 were grouped according to fibril type and sex. Multivariate linear regression was utilised to determine factors of significant impact on LV thickness. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in proportions of the two types of fibrils between @entity1 and @entity1 . In @entity1 with @entity1129 fibrils, @entity1 had significantly lower median septal (p = 0.007) and posterior wall thicknesses (p = 0.010), lower median LV mass indexed to height (p = 0.008), and higher septal strain (p = 0.037), as compared to males. These differences were not apparent in @entity1 with type B fibrils. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that fibril type, sex and age all had significant impact on LV septal thickness. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates a clear difference between sexes in the severity of @entity299 in @entity20117 @entity21559 @entity2783 @entity1 . Even though @entity1129 fibrils were associated with more advanced @entity299 compared to type B, @entity1 with @entity1129 fibrils generally developed less cardiac infiltration than @entity1 . The differences may explain the better outcome for liver transplanted late-onset female @entity1 compared to males.

title: Amyloid Cardiomyopathy in Hereditary @entity20117 XXXX Amyloidosis - Impact of Sex and Amyloid Fibril Composition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity21559 :: ('p|SUB|V|30|M', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['V30M']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac manifestations', 'amyloid heart disease', 'cardiac dysfunction']

answer: @entity21559 :: (p|SUB|V|30|M,ProteinMutation) :: ['V30M']


abstract: AIM: To assess the treatment outcome in @entity1 with @entity320 and prognostic factors for @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 113 @entity1 with @entity320 (60 females, 53 males, average age-55 years) who were treated surgically. Primary treatment consisted of local excision. In 12 cases, it was accompanied by lymph node excision. In 93 (82%) cases, radicalization was necessary, which was either local only (19 cases) or accompanied by lymph node surgery/biopsy (74 cases). Possible prognostic factors such as Clark's stage and Breslow's depth of invasion, @entity1066 , average @entity5 dimensions, lymph nodes @entity3 (pN+), gender, @entity5 location and primary excision margins were considered. RESULTS: In 51 (45%) cases, treatment failure occurred. The 5-year @entity3 rate was 47%, the 5-year @entity66 was 38%, and the 5-year @entity1349 was 56%. In the univariate analysis, the important factors with respect to at least one endpoint included Clark's stage, Breslow's depth of invasion, @entity1066 , average @entity5 dimensions, lymph nodes @entity3 , gender and @entity5 localization. The presence of metastasic nodes was the most important prognostic factor, with a 5-year @entity3 rates of 30% for pN(-) and 76% for pN(+) and a 5-year @entity66 and @entity1349 of 56% and 76% for pN(-) and 13% and 24% for pN(+), respectively. The average @entity5 dimension was independently significant for @entity66 and @entity1349 , with 5-year rates of 69% and 80% for  <=1 cm, 28% and 53% for 1-2 cm, and 18% and 30% for >2 cm, respectively. @entity5 location was also significant for @entity3 and @entity1349 , with 5-year rates of 69% vs 33% and 41% vs 66% for trunk vs other locations, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The natural course of a @entity320 treated radically is disadvantageous, with unsuccessful outcome in nearly half of the cases. Common clinical factors, such as Clark's @entity5 stage, Breslow's depth of invasion and the presence of metastatic nodes, have high prognostic significance. The size and location of the @entity75 may be considered independent prognostic factors. The most important negative prognostic factor is the presence of metastatic regional lymph nodes. Only one quarter of @entity1 with @entity3 in lymph nodes survive 5 years from primary surgery.

title: Treatment Outcome and Prognostic Factors for Malignant XXXX Treated with Radical Surgery.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DFS', 'disease-free survival']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'metastases', 'distant metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant skin melanoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Skin Melanoma']