abstract: PURPOSE: To quantify the dynamics of capsular bag shrinkage after @entity231 surgery. SETTING: University Eye Hospital, Vienna, Austria. METHODS: Nineteen eyes in 13 @entity1 had clear corneal @entity231 surgery with implantation of a foldable, open-loop, @entity1346 posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) (AMO SI-30). At the same time, an open, @entity4625 capsule tension ring (Morcher type 14 or 14A) was inserted to allow measurement of capsular bag circumference and diameter. After surgery, capsular bag shrinkage was quantified by measuring @entity8707 ( @entity8707 ), @entity1539 ( @entity1539 ), and distance between the eyelets of the capsule tension ring using optical methods. Capsular bag circumference (CBC) was deduced from these measurements, which were taken 1 day (baseline), 1 week, and 1 and 3 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Between 1 day and 3 months, all three parameters decreased significantly. During the first postoperative week, @entity8707 and @entity1539 did not change, while both parameters decreased between 1 week and 1 month. After 1 month, @entity8707 did not decrease further; @entity1539 continued to decrease. The CBC decreased during the entire postoperative period. CONCLUSION: Besides @entity8707 and @entity1539 , CBC significantly decreased during the first 3 months after @entity231 surgery with in-the-bag posterior chamber IOL implantation. The CBC can be calculated from the distance between the ends of the capsule tension ring, which can be measured gonioscopically. From this, the diameter of the capsular bag can be calculated in the living eye. The influence of the capsule tension ring itself on capsular bag shrinkage remains to be established.

title: Capsular bag shrinkage after implantation of an open-loop @entity1346 lens and a XXXX capsule tension ring.

entities_list: @entity4625 :: ('MESH:D019904', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(methyl methacrylate)']

entities_list: @entity1539 :: ('MESH:D007499', 'Disease') :: ['iris-lens distance', 'ILD']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity8707 :: ('MESH:C535679', 'Disease') :: ['ACD', 'anterior chamber depth']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

answer: @entity4625 :: (MESH:D019904,Chemical) :: ['poly(methyl methacrylate)']


abstract: @entity286 smoking is a major risk factor in the incidence and severity of @entity2520 . Alterations of neutrophil function by short-term high levels of smoke during the act of smoking (acute smoke exposure) as well as long-term exposure to lower levels of @entity286 substances in the bloodstream (chronic smoke exposure) may play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity2520 in smokers. The polymerization and depolymerization of f-actin in response to infectious agents or inflammatory mediators is a critical process in a variety of neutrophil functions. In this study, we examined the effects of in vitro smoke exposure on neutrophils from smokers and non-smokers (which may be comparable to in vivo acute smoke exposure) and neutrophils from smokers not exposed to further in vitro smoke (which may be comparable to chronic smoke exposure) on f-actin kinetics. Peripheral neutrophils were isolated from seven healthy smoking subjects and seven healthy age-matched non-smoking subjects and exposed to 1-5 min of acute smoke in a smoke box system or not exposed to further smoke (baseline controls). Selected aliquots of neutrophils from control and 5-min exposures of acute smoke were then stimulated with the chemotactic peptide @entity5037 at 10(-7) M for an additional 30-360 s. Cells were fixed and permeabilized, stained for f-actin with NBD phallacidin, and analyzed by flow cytometry. From baseline to 5 min of in vitro smoke exposure, there was a 38% decline in f-actin stain in non-smokers and a 30% decline in f-actin stain in smokers (p > 0.05) with f-actin values slightly higher in smokers than-non-smokers (p > 0.05). With @entity5037 stimulation, both smokers and-non-smokers demonstrated a characteristic rise in f-actin stain from 0 to 120 s with a subsequent decline to baseline at 360 s and no significant differences in f-actin levels at any time of stimulation between groups. After preincubation with 5 min of in vitro smoke, the magnitude of rise in f-actin was less in both smokers and non-smokers when compared to cells not incubated with 5 min of smoke (p < 0.05 at 120 s for both smokers and non-smokers). F-actin values in smokers were higher than-non-smokers from 30 to 360 s of @entity5037 exposure (p > 0.05). These results demonstrate that in vitro smoke exposure may impair normal f-actin kinetics. These alterations in f-actin kinetics may in turn affect other neutrophil functions which may impact on the pathogenesis of @entity2520 in smokers.

title: Alterations of neutrophil f-actin kinetics by XXXX smoke: implications for @entity2520 .

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco', 'Tobacco']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal diseases']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: As @entity64 is a major cause of disability and death in the western world, there is great interest in the basic mechanisms by which @entity63 /reperfusion (I/R) causes damage. To this end, extensive research has been carried out which identifies reactive @entity26 species (ROS) as key @entity1 in @entity75 resultant from I/R. Brain tissue is protected from ROS damage by antioxidant enzymes, such as @entity224 dismutase (SOD) and @entity2041 peroxidase (GP). Overexpression of SOD in @entity19 has already been demonstrated to confer protection against I/R damage in @entity19 @entity64 models. We are using @entity19 overexpressing the intracellular form of @entity2041 peroxidase ( @entity30232 ) to determine the protective capacity of overexpression of this enzyme on @entity64 . 1 h of focal @entity2806 followed by 24 h of reperfusion was induced using the intraliminal suture method. Volume of @entity1188 was reduced by 48% in @entity30232 @entity19 compared to nontransgenic littermates. @entity2657 was reduced by 33%. @entity146 agreed with histologic data. Overexpression of @entity2041 peroxidase confers significant protection against I/R damage in our @entity64 model possibly through direct scavenging of ROS or through the influencing of signalling mechanisms which lead to tissue damage.

title: Overexpression of XXXX @entity2041 peroxidase protects @entity19 against focal @entity2806 /reperfusion damage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke damage', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['Brain edema']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'murine', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Behavioral deficits']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in @entity1 following gynecologic surgery. OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy of a second-generation low molecular weight heparin ( @entity3682 ) for thromboprophylaxis after benign gynecologic surgery. METHODS: We performed a single-blind randomized controlled trial including @entity1 in the moderate-risk, high-risk and highest-risk groups for developing @entity1211 after benign gynecologic surgery. @entity1 were randomized at a 1  :  1 ratio into parallel groups to receive either seven daily doses of 3500  IU of subcutaneous @entity3682 or to a non-intervention group receiving standard rehydration and advice on ambulation. @entity1 were followed up for 7  days and 30  days postoperatively for symptomatic @entity1211 , which was confirmed by compression Doppler ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, or computed tomographic pulmonary angiography, according to the type of @entity1211 . RESULTS: In total, 387 @entity1 were randomized to the @entity3682 group and 387 to the non-intervention group. The incidence of symptomatic @entity1211 ( @entity1150 and @entity1151 ) events was lower (0/377) in @entity1 who received @entity3682 than in those who received no pharmacologic intervention (12/380, 3.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI]  0.002-0.6). Logistic regression analysis showed significant associations between @entity1211 and immobility (odds ratio [OR]  7.1; 95%  CI  1.3-36.2), varicose veins (OR  16.8; 95%  CI  3.1-76.2), and @entity49 (OR  39.3; 95%  CI  1.5-1006.7). There were no major @entity548 events or side effects related to the use of @entity3682 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity3682 was an effective thromboprophylactic agent for preventing @entity49 after benign gynecologic surgery.

title: XXXX for thromboprophylaxis after benign gynecologic surgery: a randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis', 'thrombophilia']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity3682 :: ('MESH:C411345', 'Chemical') :: ['Bemiparin', 'bemiparin']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous thromboembolism', 'VTE']

answer: @entity3682 :: (MESH:C411345,Chemical) :: ['Bemiparin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Enrollment in health maintenance organizations (HMOs) has increased rapidly during the past 10 years, reflecting a growing emphasis on health care cost containment. To determine whether there is a difference in the treatment and outcome for female @entity1 with @entity0 enrolled in HMOs versus a fee-for-service setting, we compared the 10-year survival and initial treatment of @entity1 with @entity0 enrolled in both types of plans. METHODS: With the use of @entity5 registries covering the greater San Francisco-Oakland and Seattle-Puget Sound areas, respectively, we obtained information on the treatment and outcome for 13,358 female @entity1 with @entity0 , aged 65 years and older, diagnosed between 1985 and 1992. We linked registry information with Medicare data and data from the two large HMOs included in the study. We compared the survival and treatment differences between HMO and fee-for-service care after adjusting for @entity5 stage, comorbidity, and sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS: In San Francisco-Oakland, the 10-year adjusted risk ratio for @entity0 among HMO @entity1 compared with fee-for-service @entity1 was 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.59-0.87) and was comparable for all @entity204 . In Seattle-Puget Sound, the risk ratio for @entity0 was 1.01 (95% CI = 0.77-1.33) but somewhat lower for all @entity204 . @entity1 enrolled in HMOs were more likely to receive breast-conserving surgery than @entity1 in fee-for-service (odds ratio = 1.55 in San Francisco-Oakland; 3.39 in Seattle). HMO enrollees undergoing breast-conserving surgery were also more likely to receive adjuvant radiotherapy (San Francisco-Oakland odds ratio = 2.49; Seattle odds ratio = 4.62). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term survival outcomes in the two prepaid group practice HMOs in this study were at least equal to, and possibly better than, outcomes in the fee-for-service system. In addition, the use of recommended therapy for early @entity0 was more frequent in the two HMOs.

title: XXXX survival and treatment in health maintenance organization and fee-for-service settings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'stage breast cancer', 'breast cancer deaths']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship of @entity4192 , @entity9164 gene polymorphisms and @entity2556 -DNA adduct with pathogenesis of @entity1582 . METHODS: The bone marrow samples from 37 newly-diagnosed MM @entity1 and 52 healthy @entity1 as controls were collected; the PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used to detecte the polymorphism of @entity4192 and @entity9164 , and to analysis their relationship with clinical characters of MM @entity1 ; the engyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect the concentration of @entity2556 -DNA adducts. RESULTS: @entity4192 null and @entity9164 null genotypes increased the risk of @entity1582 with OR 2.57 (P = 0.035) and 1.37 (P > 0.05) respectively. In MM @entity1 group, @entity4192 null genotype in stage III was significantly higher than that in stages I, II (P = 0.038). However, no statistically significant association was found between @entity4192 gene polymorphism and clinical characters, such as age, type, hemoglobin, b2-MG, albumin. Compared with Hb >=  85 g/L of the newly-diagnosed MM @entity1 , MM @entity1 with Hb < 85 g/L had significantly higher incidence of @entity9164 null genetype (P < 0.05). The level of @entity2556 -DNA adducts in MM @entity1 was higher than that in controls (2358    1182 pg/ml vs 1853    996 pg/ml) (P < 0.05). @entity4192 null genotype with @entity2556 -DNA level >= 2100 pg/ml showed a risk index of MM (OR = 4.500, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity4192 gene may have a critical function in the development of MM, and correlates with staging of MM. @entity9164 gene polymorphism correlates with hemoglobin levels of @entity1 with MM. The content of @entity2556 -DNA adducts may play an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity1582 .

title: [Relationship of XXXX and @entity9164 Gene Polymorphisms and @entity2556 -DNA Adducts with Pathogenesis of @entity1582 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'peoples']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

answer: @entity4192 :: (2952,Gene) :: ['GSTT1']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Evidence has accumulated that approximately 15% to 30% of @entity14 ( @entity14 ) arise from serrated @entity1127 (SP). Population screening, therefore, should be designated to detect advanced SP, in addition to advanced @entity652 and @entity14 . We aimed to evaluate whether @entity14 risk factors also act as risk factors for advanced SP. @entity1 AND METHODS: Data were collected in the colonoscopy arm of a multicenter randomized trial comparing colonoscopy with CT-colonography for primary population screening. Information on risk factors was obtained by screening @entity1 before colonoscopy with a validated risk questionnaire. Advanced SP were defined as SP>= 10mm and/or with @entity1141 . Endoscopists were instructed to resect all detected lesions. Odds ratios (OR) for the detection of advanced SP as most advanced lesion were calculated using multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Of 6600 invited @entity1 , 1426 underwent a colonoscopy and 1236 also completed the questionnaire. In 40 @entity1 an advanced SP was the most advanced lesion detected. Multivariate analysis demonstrated a strong association between current smoking and the presence of at least one advanced SP (OR 4.50; 95% CI 2.23-8.89; P<0.001). A significant association was also demonstrated for higher fiber intake (OR 1.36 per 20 gram intake; CI 1.07-1.73; P=0.01). Other clinical @entity14 risk factors did not show a significant association with the presence of at least one advanced SP in the univariate analyses. Fecal haemoglobin levels were also not significantly associated with the presence of advanced SPs (OR 1.00 per 10ng/mL CI 0.97-1.03, P=0.99). CONCLUSIONS: Current smoking is a strong clinical risk factor for the presence of advanced SPs. As such, smoking status could contribute to risk stratification in targeted @entity14 population screening. Dutch Trial Register: NTR1829 (www.trialregister.nl).

title: Smoking status informs about the risk of advanced serrated XXXX in a screening population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'CRC']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1127 :: (MESH:D011127,Disease) :: ['polyps']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to collect data about pediatric Gram-negative @entity281 ( @entity281 ) to determine the factors that influence @entity6371 ( @entity6371 ), clinical course and outcome of @entity1 affected by Gram-negative @entity295 . METHODS: In this observational, prospective, multicenter study we collected cases of pediatric Gram-negative @entity281 during a 2-year period. We analyzed epidemiological, microbiological and clinical factors that associated with acquisition of @entity6371 infections and outcome. RESULTS: One-hundred and thirty-five @entity281 episodes were analyzed. Median age of @entity1 was 0.5  years (IQR 0.1-6.17, range 0-17  years). Predominant bacteria were Enterobacteriaceae (68.3  %), and Pseudomonas spp. (17.9  %). Multidrug resistance was detected in 45/134 cases (33.6  %), with the highest rates in @entity526 , Enterobacter and Pseudomonas spp. Acquisition of @entity6371 pathogens was significantly associated with prior @entity8509 treatment, older age, admission to hemato-oncology unit, polymicrobial infections, higher rate of development of @entity326 , and @entity881 . All-cause mortality was 17.9  %. Presence of @entity326 at presentation and parenteral nutrition were associated with higher mortality. Pseudomonas spp., and Enterobacter spp. BSIs had the highest rate of mortality. Inappropriate empiric antibiotic therapy was more frequent in @entity6371 @entity1 , although not significantly associated with poor outcome. CONCLUSION: Rates of @entity6371 and mortality in @entity1 with Gram-negative @entity281 remain high in our settings. Empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics and combination therapy could be recommended, especially in @entity1 with @entity5 , @entity1 admitted to the PICU, and for cases with @entity326 , who have higher mortality risk.

title: Factors influencing antimicrobial resistance and outcome of Gram-negative @entity281 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6371 :: ('MESH:D018088', 'Disease') :: ['multidrug resistance', 'MDR']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant diseases']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['bloodstream infections', 'BSI']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failures']

entities_list: @entity8509 :: ('D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporin']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: We have further examined the mechanism by which phorbol ester-mediated @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) activation protects against @entity5 @entity39 factor ( @entity310 )-related apoptosis-inducing ligand ( @entity2205 )-induced @entity137 . We now report that activation of @entity7131 targets death receptor signaling complex formation. Pre-treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (PMA) led to inhibition of @entity2205 -induced apoptosis in HeLa cells, which was characterized by a reduction in phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, decreased @entity8186 processing, and incomplete maturation and activation of @entity522 . These effects of PMA were completely abrogated by the @entity7131 inhibitor, bisindolylmaleimide I (Bis I), clearly implicating @entity7131 in the protective effect of PMA. @entity2205 -induced mitochondrial release of the apoptosis mediators @entity4674 and @entity17205 was blocked by PMA. This, together with the observed decrease in Bid cleavage, suggested that @entity7131 activation modulates apical events in @entity2205 signaling upstream of mitochondria. This was confirmed by analysis of @entity2205 death-inducing signaling complex formation, which was disrupted in PMA-treated cells as evidenced by a marked reduction in @entity23903 ( @entity23903 ) recruitment, an effect that could not be explained by any change in @entity23903 phosphorylation state. In an in vitro binding assay, the intracellular domains of both @entity3048 and @entity3049 bound @entity23903 : activation of @entity7131 significantly inhibited this interaction suggesting that @entity7131 may be targeting key apical components of death receptor signaling. Significantly, this effect was not confined to @entity2205 , because isolation of the native @entity310 receptor signaling complex revealed that @entity7131 activation also inhibited @entity310 receptor-associated death domain protein recruitment to @entity10736 and @entity310 -induced phosphorylation of @entity4284 . Taken together, these results show that @entity7131 activation specifically inhibits the recruitment of key obligatory death domain-containing adaptor proteins to their respective membrane-associated signaling complexes, thereby modulating @entity2205 -induced apoptosis and @entity310 -induced NF-kappaB activation, respectively.

title: Protein kinase C modulates XXXX @entity39 factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-induced apoptosis by targeting the apical events of death receptor signaling.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity23903 :: ('8772', 'Gene') :: ['FADD', 'Fas-associated death domain protein']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study sought to quantify the risk of @entity1207 ( @entity1207 ) in @entity978 ( @entity978 ) @entity1 receiving mediastinal @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) and to identify predictive factors for @entity1207 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: We identified 75 @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity978 treated with mediastinal @entity1161 and 17 @entity1 with relapsed/refractory @entity978 treated with mediastinal @entity1161 before or after transplant. Lung dose-volumetric parameters including mean lung dose and percentage of lungs receiving 20 Gy were calculated. Factors associated with @entity1207 were explored by use of the Fisher exact test. RESULTS: @entity1207 developed in 7 @entity1 (10%) who received mediastinal @entity1161 as part of initial therapy (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Grade 1 in 6 cases). A mean lung dose of 13.5 Gy or greater (p = 0.04) and percentage of lungs receiving 20 Gy of 33.5% or greater (p = 0.009) significantly predicted for @entity1207 . @entity1207 developed in 6 @entity1 (35%) with relapsed/refractory @entity978 treated with peri-transplant mediastinal @entity1161 (Grade 3 in 4 cases). Pre-transplant mediastinal @entity1161 , compared with post-transplant mediastinal @entity1161 , significantly predicted for Grade 3 @entity1207 (57% vs. 0%, p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS: We identified threshold lung metrics predicting for @entity1207 in @entity978 @entity1 receiving mediastinal @entity1161 as part of initial therapy, with the majority of cases being of mild severity. The risk of @entity1207 is significantly higher with peri-transplant mediastinal @entity1161 , especially among those who receive pre-transplant @entity1161 .

title: Predictive factors for @entity1207 in @entity978 XXXX receiving combined-modality therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HL', 'Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1207 :: ('MESH:D017564', 'Disease') :: ['radiation pneumonitis', 'RP']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pylephlebitis or septic @entity2268 of the portal venous system is a rare but serious complication of @entity1320 which drain into the portal venous system. Its diagnosis is based on clinical suspicion and imaging tests, mainly a computed tomography scan, given the lack of specificity of the signs and symptoms. Spread of @entity999 is the major cause of morbidity and mortality. The aim of the study was to analyse @entity1 diagnosed in our hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective descriptive study of @entity1 diagnosed with pylephlebitis in our hospital. CLINICAL CASES: Four @entity1 were included, 3 @entity1 and one @entity1 . In 3 cases it was acute @entity2679 that led to the diagnosis of pylephlebitis at the same time as the @entity1320 . Emergency surgery was performed in one case, whilst the other 2 were treated conservatively. Blood cultures were performed in all cases, and empirical antibiotic treatment was used. In the only case of @entity697 , diagnosis of pylephlebitis was achieved during the study of @entity86 , with empirical antibiotic treatment also being started. The haematologist was requested to start the required anticoagulation therapy in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: Pylephlebitis is a rare complication of @entity1320 that may make lead to a worse outcome. A high level of suspicion is required as well as imaging tests to make an early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

title: [Pylephlebitis: a rare but possible complication of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['septic emboli']

entities_list: @entity2268 :: ('MESH:D013924', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophlebitis']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative fever']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal infection', 'intra-abdominal infections']

answer: @entity1320 :: (MESH:D059413,Disease) :: ['intra-abdominal infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Identification of reliable targets for therapeutic interventions is essential for developing evidence-based therapies. Threat-related attention bias has been implicated in the etiology and maintenance of @entity148 . Extant response-time-based threat bias measures have demonstrated limited reliability and internal consistency. Here, we examined gaze patterns of socially anxious and nonanxious @entity1 in relation to social threatening and neutral stimuli using an eye-tracking task, comprised of multiple threat and neutral stimuli, presented for an extended time-period. We tested the psychometric properties of this task with the hope to provide a solid stepping-stone for future treatment development. METHODS: Eye gaze was tracked while @entity1 freely viewed 60 different matrices comprised of eight disgusted and eight neutral facial expressions, presented for 6000ms each. Gaze patterns on threat and neutral areas of interest (AOIs) of @entity1 with @entity4696 , high socially anxious students and nonanxious students were compared. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were evaluated. RESULTS: @entity1 did not differ on first-fixation variables. However, overall, socially anxious students and @entity1 with @entity4696 dwelled significantly longer on threat faces compared with nonanxious @entity1 , with no difference between the anxious groups. Groups did not differ in overall dwell time on neutral faces. Internal consistency of total dwell time on threat and neutral AOIs was high and one-week test-retest reliability was acceptable. LIMITATIONS: Only disgusted facial expressions were used. Relative small sample size. CONCLUSION: @entity148 is associated with increased dwell time on socially threatening stimuli, presenting a potential target for therapeutic intervention.

title: XXXX is related to increased dwell time on socially threatening faces.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['social anxiety disorder', 'Social anxiety']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['Social anxiety']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of @entity876 overexpression in the primary @entity43 of @entity1 with @entity5 (SBTs) and to determine the relationship between @entity876 overexpression and risk of progression/recurrence and survival. Of 112 @entity1 with stages II-IV SBTs, @entity982 -embedded tissue from the primary @entity43 was available in 68 cases. Immunohistochemical staining for @entity876 was performed. Clinical information was abstracted from the medical records. The major end points selected for analysis were time to progression/relapse, disease-free survival, overall survival, and cause-specific survival. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were also performed. The median @entity1 age was 37 years (range, 17-67 years). Twenty-two @entity1 had @entity34 , and 46 had @entity5 . The mean follow-up time was 105 months. Nineteen @entity1 (28%) had either disease progression (1 @entity1 ) or relapse (18 @entity1 ). Eleven @entity1 died: 10 @entity1 died of their @entity5 , and 1 @entity1 died of other causes. Thirteen cases (19%) had positive immunostaining for @entity876 . Overexpression of @entity876 was significantly associated with an increased probability of progression/recurrence (P = 0.005) and a decreased overall survival (P = 0.012). After adjusting for age, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, the presence of @entity41 , and the presence of invasive implants, @entity1 whose @entity5 overexpressed @entity876 had a 4-fold increased risk of progression/ recurrence. Similarly, @entity1 whose @entity5 overexpressed @entity876 had an approximately 6-fold increased risk of death. @entity876 overexpression in the @entity43 of @entity1 with stage II and III SBTs is significantly associated with increased probability of relapse and decreased overall survival. This information should provide better prognostic data to @entity1 and their families and allow us to select @entity1 who might benefit from postoperative treatment.

title: Prognostic significance of @entity876 expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors', 'ovarian tumor']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage III disease', 'stages II and III serous borderline tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['stage II disease']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['advanced-stage ovarian serous borderline tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors sought to demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of the multilevel stabilization screw (MLSS) technique in decreasing the incidence of proximal junctional failure in long segmental instrumented fusions for @entity179 . METHODS: Institutional review board approval was obtained and all @entity1 with adult @entity85 who underwent the MLSS technique were analyzed. A neuro-radiologist and spine-focused neurosurgeon not involved with the surgical treatment performed radiographic analysis. Proximal junctional angle was defined as the caudal endplate of the upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) to the cephalad endplate of two supradjacent vertebrae above the UIV. The UIV is defined as the most cephalad vertebra completed captured by the instrumentation. Abnormal proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) was defined as proximal junctional sagittal Cobb angle >10 degrees and proximal junction sagittal Cobb angle at least 10 degrees greater than the preoperative measurement. The presence of both is criteria necessary to be considered abnormal. RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 with @entity179 underwent the MLSS technique with the upper-instrumented vertebrae in the proximal thoracic spine. Fifteen @entity1 met inclusion criteria with greater than 12 months radiographic and clinical follow up. Three @entity1 were excluded due to lack of follow up imaging and two @entity1 were excluded due to the inability to measure the UIV. Age range was 44-84 years with a mean of 66. Eleven of the 15 @entity1 were over the age of 60 at the time of surgery. The male-to-female ratio was 4:11. Body mass index (BMI) range was 24-44 with a mean of 31.5 units. The follow up period ranged from 14 to 58 months with an average follow up of 30 months. The mean change in Cobb angle at the proximal junction was 4.00 degrees with a range from -0.92 to 9.13 degrees. There were no fractures or instrumentation failures at or near the proximal junction. There was no revision surgeries performed for proximal junctional failure. Retrospective clinical questionnaires revealed that surgical expectations were met in 15 of 19 @entity1 surveyed, 79%. One @entity1 was not reachable for a postoperative phone interview. In @entity1 who were not satisfied with their overall experience, the change in Cobb angle ranged from -0.92 to 9.13 degrees with an average change of 3.90 degrees. Whereas @entity1 reporting an overall positive experience had a change in Cobb angle range from -0.12 to 8.07 degrees with an average change of 4.05 degrees. CONCLUSION: PJK and failure are well-recognized suboptimal outcomes of long-segmental fusions of the thoracolumbar spine that can lead to significant @entity16 and costly revision surgeries. With no known proximal junction failures to date, the MLSS technique has shown promising results in preventing adverse proximal junctional conditions and can be safely performed under fluoroscopy guidance. Future direction includes a comparative study establishing the relative risk of developing PJK with this novel technique versus a traditional long-segmental thoracolumbar fusion.

title: Preventing proximal junctional failure in long segmental instrumented cases of XXXX using a multilevel stabilization screw technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['adult degenerative scoliosis', 'degenerative scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological morbidity']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['adult degenerative scoliosis']


abstract: The present paper describes the clinical and radiographic healing results of 27 implants followed from 1 to 3 years after functional implant loading. Prior to implant placement, @entity133 with insufficient bone volume were augmented using autogenous bone grafts and a micro @entity702 mesh for graft stabilization. After a mean interval of 5.2 months implants were installed. Following an osseointegration period of on average 7.2 months, implants were supplied with suprastructures. The mean loading period for the 27 implants was 21 months. All implants exhibited ankylotic stability and healthy peri-implant soft tissues. The detailed analysis of clinical parameters (probing depth, level of mucosal margin, attachment level, modified plaque and sulcus bleeding indices) and radiographic measurements (crestal bone level), revealed findings similar to those at implants placed into non-augmented bone. Peri-implant bone resorption was calculated to be 1.0 mm for the 1st year after implant loading and 0.1 mm for the following year. @entity158 , @entity79 were absent at all implants. It was concluded that loaded dental implants which have been inserted into an @entity133 using autogenous bone grafts and a micro @entity702 mesh for graft stabilization, demonstrate clinical and radiographic findings similar to those of implants placed into a pristine ridge.

title: Localized ridge augmentation using a micro XXXX mesh: a report on 27 implants followed from 1 to 3 years after functional loading.

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['suppuration or semilunar bone defects']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['augmented alveolar ridge', 'alveolar ridges']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: Rapid osseointegration is recognized as a critical factor in determining the success rate of orthopedic and dental implants. Microarc oxidation (MAO) fabricated @entity6701 coatings with a porous topography have been proven to be a potent approach to enhance osteogenic capacity. Now we report two kinds of new @entity8038 with similar micromorphologies but different nanotopographies (i.e., MAO and MAO-AK coatings), and both coatings significantly promote cell attachment and osteogenic differentiation through mediating the integrin b1 signaling pathway. In this study, @entity702 with a unique hierarchical micro/nanomorphology surface was fabricated by a novel duplex coating process, that is, the first a @entity6701 layer was coated by MAO, and then the coating was electrochemically reduced in alkaline solution (MAO-AK). A series of in vitro stem cell differentiation and in vivo osseointegration experiments were carried out to evaluate the osteogenic capacity of the resulting coatings. In vitro, the initial adhesion of the @entity235 bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) seeded on the MAO and MAO-AK coatings was significantly enhanced, and cell proliferation was promoted. In addition, the expression levels of osteogenesis-related genes, osteorix, alkaline @entity6546 (ALP), osteopontin, and osteocalcin, in the @entity235 BMSCs, were all up-regulated after incubation on these coatings, especially on the MAO-AK coating. Also, the in vitro ALP activity and mineralization capacity of @entity235 BMSC cultured on the MAO-AK group was better than that on the MAO group. Furthermore, 6 weeks after insertion of the @entity702 implants into @entity235 femurs, both the bone formation speed and the bone-implant contact ratio of the MAO-AK group were significantly higher than those of the MAO group. All these results suggest that this duplex coating process is promising for engineering @entity702 surfaces to promote osseointegration for dental and orthopedic applications.

title: Enhanced Osseointegration of Hierarchical Micro/Nanotopographic XXXX Fabricated by Microarc Oxidation and Electrochemical Treatment.

entities_list: @entity6546 :: ('MESH:D010710', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphates']

entities_list: @entity8038 :: ('MESH:D058456', 'Disease') :: ['hierarchical coatings']

entities_list: @entity6701 :: ('MESH:C009495', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium oxide']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['Titanium']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity952 ( @entity952 ) is a frequent @entity146 seen in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity71 ( @entity71 ). @entity952 is also a common antecedent to both @entity1316 and @entity146 . Although the heritability of @entity952 has been estimated to be around 0.60, there has been little research into the molecular genetics of @entity952 . The present study examined the association of irritable and defiant/vindictive dimensions and categorical subtypes of @entity952 (based on latent class analyses) with previously described specific polymorphisms ( @entity4131 exon3 VNTR, 5-HTTLPR, and seven @entity19822 SNPs) as well as with @entity935 , @entity750 , and @entity398 genes and pathways in a clinical sample of @entity1 and adolescents with @entity71 . In addition, we performed a multivariate genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the aforementioned @entity952 dimensions and subtypes. Apart from adjusting the analyses for age and sex, we controlled for "parental ability to cope with disruptive behavior." None of the hypothesis-driven analyses revealed a significant association with @entity952 dimensions and subtypes. Inadequate parenting behavior was significantly associated with all @entity952 dimensions and subtypes, most strongly with defiant/vindictive behaviors. In addition, the GWAS did not result in genome-wide significant findings but bioinformatics and literature analyses revealed that the proteins encoded by 28 of the 53 top-ranked genes functionally interact in a molecular landscape centered around @entity3546 signaling and involved in the regulation of neurite outgrowth. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular basis of @entity952 and inform future genetic studies of oppositional behavior.    2015 The Authors. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Gene-set and multivariate genome-wide association analysis of oppositional defiant behavior subtypes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behaviors', 'psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['Oppositional defiant disorder', 'ODD']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5125 has been estimated to cause >2500 illnesses and 500 deaths annually in the United States. Efforts to reduce foodborne listeriosis have focused on foods frequently implicated in outbreaks. Potential sources for @entity5125 infection not associated with outbreaks remain poorly understood. METHODS: The @entity6766 Active Surveillance Network conducts surveillance for culture-confirmed listeriosis at clinical laboratories in 9 states. After excluding outbreak-associated cases, we attempted to enroll eligible case @entity1 with @entity5125 infection in a case-control study from 2000 through 2003. Control subjects were recruited through health care providers and were matched to case @entity1 by state, age, and immunosuppression status. Data were collected about exposures occurring in the 4 weeks before specimen collection from the case @entity1 . RESULTS: Of the 249 case @entity1 with @entity5125 infection, only 12 (5%) had cases that were associated with outbreaks; 6 other @entity1 were ineligible for other reasons. Of 231 eligible case @entity1 , 169 (73%) were enrolled in the study. We classified 28 case @entity1 as having pregnancy-associated cases. We enrolled 376 control subjects. In multivariable analysis, @entity5125 infection was associated with eating melons at a commercial establishment (odds ratio, 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-5.0) and eating hummus prepared in a commercial establishment (odds ratio, 5.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.7-19.1). CONCLUSIONS: Most cases of @entity5125 infection were not associated with outbreaks. Reducing the @entity5124 may require interventions directed at retail environments and at foods, such as melons and hummus, that are not commonly recognized as high risk. Because of the severity of listeriosis, pregnant @entity1 and other @entity1 at risk may wish to avoid eating these newly implicated foods.

title: XXXX infection from foods prepared in a commercial establishment: a case-control study of potential sources of sporadic illness in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes', 'L. monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity6766 :: ('MESH:D005517', 'Disease') :: ['Foodborne Diseases']

entities_list: @entity5124 :: ('MESH:D008088', 'Disease') :: ['burden of foodborne listeriosis']

answer: @entity5125 :: (1639,Species) :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity73 ( @entity73 ) has been an important complication of cardiac surgery over the years. @entity149 can affect quality of life and lead to social, functional, emotional, and financial problems in the @entity1 's life. To reduce @entity73 , we sought to identify the association between @entity73 and perioperative factors in @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS: One hundred one @entity1 aged between 45 and 75 years undergoing elective cardiac surgery were enrolled in this study. All the surgeries were performed on-pump by the same medical team. A brief @entity2414 ( @entity2414 ) was administered before surgery, 3 to 5 days after the surgery, and 3 months after discharge. All related perioperative parameters were collected in order to study the effect of these parameters on the postoperative @entity2414 scores and @entity2414 score change. RESULTS: The study population consisted of 101 @entity1 , comprising 14 (13.8%) females and 87 (86.2%) males aged between 45 and 75 years. In univariate analysis, the baseline @entity2414 score, serum levels of @entity880 dehydrogenase and T3, cross-clamp time, and preexistence of @entity1030 showed significant effects on the postoperative @entity2414 score (p value < 0.05), whereas only the baseline @entity2414 score and @entity1030 showed strong effects on the postoperative @entity2414 score in the multiple regression model. In addition, the multiple regression model demonstrated a significant association between the baseline @entity2414 score, serum @entity1011 level, and @entity1507 administration and the @entity2414 score change. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that preexisting @entity1030 and preoperative high serum @entity1011 levels negatively affected cognitive function after surgery. In addition, there was a strong relationship between the @entity1 ' basic cognition and @entity73 . Preoperative @entity1507 administration led to a significant improvement in @entity73 . It is also concluded that the preoperative administration of specific medicines like @entity3362 can reduce @entity16 after cardiac surgery.

title: Association between Perioperative Parameters and @entity73 in Post-Cardiac Surgery XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['POCD', 'cognitive dysfunction', 'Postoperative cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['Neurocognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['Wechsler Memory Test', 'WMT']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Between April 1980 and December 1999, 23 kidneys in 20 @entity1 were diagnosed as having @entity8 at our institution. The @entity1 were 6 males and 14 females aged 24 to 79 years, with a mean age of 55.4 years. Two @entity1 had associated @entity2916 and 3 had bilateral disease. Of all @entity1 the main clinical symptoms were @entity158 (45%) and palpable mass (40%); 5 @entity1 (25%) had asymptomatic lesions. The size of the @entity5 ranged from 1.3 to 24 cm (mean 7.7 cm). Treatment consisted of nephrectomy in 9 @entity1 , partial nephrectomy in 6 and selective embolization in one. Pre-operative diagnosis was @entity1358 in 5 of the 9 @entity1 who underwent nephrectomy. Six @entity1 with 7 diseased kidneys were followed radiologically. One @entity1 underwent percutaneous biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. We suggest that nephron-sparing surgery for @entity1 with @entity8 should be the first step if @entity5 size is 4 cm < or = or increasing rapidly. Selective embolization is also a useful method. However, we need long-term follow-up to evaluate the effectiveness of embolization.

title: [Clinical evaluation of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal angiomyolipoma']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal angiomyolipoma']


abstract: Seventeen staged, bilateral total hip arthroplasties performed in 17 @entity1 were reviewed to compare side-to-side @entity691 wear. Implants used on both sides were similar except for implant offset: one hip in each @entity1 was replaced using a femoral component having a standard implant offset, whereas the other side had a lateral offset implant. The mean followup was 5.70 years (range, 2-10.2 years) on the side with a standard femoral implant and 5.67 years (range, 2-9.7 years) on the side with a lateralized femoral component. The only statistically different parameter between the sides was the femoral component offset. All other parameters affecting @entity691 wear, such as period of followup, head size, head type, cup size, cup inclination, medialization of cup, and @entity1 -related factors were similar on both sides. On the side with a standard femoral component, the mean actual prosthetic offset (determined by manufacturer's specifications) was 35.2 mm and the radiologic offset was 31.5 mm. On the side with a lateralized femoral component, the actual prosthetic offset was 42.5 mm and the radiologic offset was 40.1 mm. The difference in offsets between the sides was statistically significant. The mean preoperative offset of the femur was 38.8 mm. Regression analysis revealed that only femoral component offset and cup size correlated significantly with linear wear rate. On the side with a standard femoral component, the linear wear rate was 0.21 mm per year, whereas on the side with a lateralized femoral component, the linear wear rate was 0.10 mm per year. The differences in the linear wear rates were significant. Lateralization of the femoral component in this series more closely restored preoperative hip biomechanics and significantly decreased @entity691 wear.

title: Effect of femoral component offset on XXXX wear in total hip arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

answer: @entity691 :: (MESH:D020959,Chemical) :: ['polyethylene']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Malignant @entity694 is commonly treated surgically. @entity694 are a therapeutic option for palliation or used as a bridge to surgery or chemotherapy. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical success rate of stenting as a bridge to one-step surgery, chemotherapy, or as a palliative measure. DESIGN: This was a retrospective observational study. SETTINGS: The study was conducted at a university-affiliated tertiary referral center. @entity1 AND INTERVENTIONS: From 2007 to 2014, 45 @entity1 with @entity694 were referred for stent insertion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1 were grouped according to three pre-defined treatment goals: group 1: restorative one-step procedure without an ostomy, group 2: completion of scheduled chemotherapy before surgery, and group 3: palliation without surgical intervention. RESULTS: Group 1 included 11 @entity1 . Three @entity1 (27.3  %) met the treatment goal of one-step surgery. Eight @entity1 (72.7  %) did not reach the primary goal due to stent insertion failure (four @entity1 ), stent-related complications (two @entity1 ), and failure to perform a one-step surgery after successful stent insertion (two @entity1 ). Group 2 included 12 @entity1 . Chemotherapy was successfully completed prior to surgery in six @entity1 (50  %). Six @entity1 (50  %) did not achieve treatment goal due to stent insertion failure (two @entity1 ), stent migration (two @entity1 ), stent-related perforation (one @entity1 ), and mortality (one @entity1 ). Group 3 included 20 @entity1 . Long-term palliation without surgical intervention was achieved in eight @entity1 (40  %). Stent insertion failed in seven @entity1 (35  %). Five @entity1 (25  %) needed urgent surgery due to stent complications (three migrations and two perforations). LIMITATIONS: The study was limited by its retrospective nature and small sample size. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates only a modest success rate of colonic stents in the treatment of @entity694 . Although colonic stenting seems to be an effective method of relieving @entity694 , high failure rates limits its applicability.

title: Stenting in XXXX -is it a real therapeutic option?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colonic stents', 'colonic obstruction', 'malignant colonic obstruction']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['malignant colonic obstruction']


abstract: AIM: Many perianal fistulae in @entity30 do not respond to conventional surgical and medical management and recurrence rates are high. The study evaluated the safety and feasibility of allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells for the treatment of @entity292 in @entity30 . METHOD: A multicentre, open-label, dose escalation pilot study was performed. The first three @entity1 (group 1) were administered 1  *  10(7) cells/ml based on the size of the @entity292 tract. Four  weeks later, after which time this dose had been confirmed to be safe, the next three @entity1 (group 2) were administered 3  *  10(7) cells/ml. The end-point was complete closure at 8  weeks after the injection. @entity1 who attended for the 8  week assessment were followed for an additional 6  months. RESULTS: There were no adverse events of Grade 3 or 4 severity and no adverse events related to the treatment with allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells. Two @entity1 in group 1 achieved complete closure of the @entity292 at month 4 and month 6, and one @entity1 in group 2 achieved complete closure at 8  weeks. The closure was sustained up to month 8 in all three of those @entity1 . CONCLUSION: These data suggest that allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells may be a feasible treatment option for @entity292 in @entity30 .

title: Allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells for the treatment of @entity292 in XXXX : a pilot clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'perianal fistula']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1893 is the fourth most common @entity5 in @entity1 , has an even higher incidence in adolescents, and is primarily represented by only a few histologic subtypes. Dramatic progress has been achieved, with survival rates exceeding 80%, in large part because of a better understanding of the biology of the different subtypes and national and international collaborations. Most @entity1 with @entity2109 and diffuse large @entity1892 are cured with short intensive pulse chemotherapy containing @entity786 , @entity2592 , and high-dose @entity1499 . The benefit of the addition of rituximab has not been established except in the case of primary mediastinal @entity1892 . @entity981 is treated with intensive, semi-continuous, @entity1778 -derived protocols. Relapses in @entity1892 are rare and infrequently curable, even with intensive approaches. Event-free survival rates of approximately 75% have been achieved in @entity2108 with various regimens that generally include a short intensive B-like regimen. Immunity seems to play an important role in prognosis and needs further exploration to determine its therapeutic application. @entity7041 inhibitor therapeutic approaches are currently under investigation. For all @entity706 , the intensity of induction/consolidation therapy correlates with acute @entity137 , but because of low cumulative doses of @entity8253 and alkylating agents, minimal or no long-term @entity137 is expected. Challenges that remain include defining the value of prognostic factors, such as early response on positron emission tomography/computed tomography and minimal disseminated and @entity66 , using new biologic technologies to improve risk stratification, and developing innovative therapies, both in the first-line setting and for relapse.

title: @entity1893 in XXXX and Adolescents: Progress Through Effective Collaboration, Current Knowledge, and Challenges Ahead.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphoblastic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ['Burkitt lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma', 'B-cell and lymphoblastic lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['longer leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2108 :: ('MESH:D017728', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic large-cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['Non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background   Locally advanced @entity0 (LABC) and @entity764 (ORN) often require extensive and composite tissue resection, including muscles, ribs, @entity358 . As such, these cases necessitate complex reconstructive procedures for skeletal chest wall reconstruction and soft tissue resurfacing of extensive defects. Traditional local and regional flaps are often inadequate, and many such cases are prospectively labeled "unresectable." Methods   We report a single-center experience with the microsurgical reconstruction of such defects over a 5-year period. Between 2007 and 2011, 1,077 microvascular reconstructive cases following @entity0 resection were performed, of which 26 cases comprised LABC or ORN requiring reconstruction. Surgical indications, defect parameters, choice of reconstruction, and outcomes were assessed. Results   Thirty free flap microsurgical reconstructions were undertaken in 26 cases, with a 96.2% flap survival rate. Complications were low, and mean hospital stay was 8.7 days. An algorithmic approach to management is presented. Conclusion   Wide resection and microvascular free tissue transfer provide versatile solutions for the reconstruction of extensive @entity764 . With good reported perioperative outcomes even in advanced cases, surgical resection of LABC may offer a useful approach in difficult and/or palliative cases.

title: Microsurgical Reconstruction of Large Oncologic Chest Wall Defects for Locally Advanced XXXX or Osteoradionecrosis: A Retrospective Review of 26 Cases over a 5-Year Period.

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest wall defects', 'chest wall osteoradionecrosis']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pleura, and lung parenchyma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity306 ( @entity306 ) and @entity508 are often managed with intrathecal @entity1772 treatment (ITB). Complications of ITB include @entity281 at the pump or catheter site and late complications as well as revisions of the pump and catheter because of events such as battery expiration or implant malfunction. The goal of this study is to report the short-term and long-term incidence, risk factors, and treatment outcomes of @entity281 in @entity1 . METHODS: This was a retrospective review of 294 @entity1 with @entity306 . The number of ITB surgeries per @entity1 , risk of @entity281 for primary and secondary ITB-related procedures, microorganisms responsible, and associated factors, such as concurrent orthopaedic interventions, medical comorbidities, and subsequent management of ITB-related @entity281 , were evaluated. RESULTS: Infection occurred in 28/294 @entity1 (9.5%) with a 4.9% rate per procedure. There were 14 acute (within 90 d of surgery) and 14 late @entity281 . The @entity281 risk per ITB procedure was 2.4%. Risk of late @entity281 over 5-year mean follow-up was 0.95% per year. Pump removal with acute contralateral implantation was the most successful treatment of @entity281 . Gross Motor Function Classification System level V and G-tube were the main risk factors for @entity281 . A total of 133 concurrent orthopaedic procedures were performed during 277 ITB procedures with no increased risk of @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: ITB in @entity1 with @entity306 has a relatively low and manageable risk of @entity281 . It is important to always consider @entity281 as a complication with ITB because with prompt treatment the positive impact of ITB is still possible. It is safe to perform concurrent orthopaedic procedures with ITB procedures. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE: Level III-therapeutic study.

title: Infection as a Complication of Intrathecal XXXX Treatment in @entity1 With @entity306 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['ITB infections', 'infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['baclofen']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy', 'CP']

answer: @entity1772 :: (MESH:D001418,Chemical) :: ['Baclofen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding regulatory RNAs. We performed a transcriptome-wide analysis of subcutaneous adipose tissue and in vitro studies to identify miRNAs and co-regulated target transcripts associated with insulin sensitivity (SI) and @entity28 in @entity1 . METHODS: We selected 20 insulin-resistant (IR, SI=2.0  0.7) and 20 insulin-sensitive (IS, SI=7.2  2.3) subjects from a cohort of 117 metabolically characterized non-diabetic Caucasians for comparison. RESULTS: After global profiling, 3 miRNAs had marginally different expressions between IR and IS subjects. A total of 14 miRNAs were significantly correlated with %fat mass, body mass index (BMI), or SI. The qRT-PCR validated the correlation of @entity11216 -148a-3p with BMI (r=-0.70, P=2.73X10-6). MiRNA target filtering analysis identified @entity16610 ( @entity16610 ) as one of the target genes of @entity11216 -148a-3p. @entity16610 expression in adipose tissue was positively correlated with BMI (r=0.47, p=8.42X10-7) and was inversely correlated with @entity11216 -148a-3p (r=-0.34). Differentiation of @entity21117 preadipocytes showed up-regulation of @entity11216 -148a-3p and down-regulation of @entity16610 in differentiated adipocytes. After transfecting @entity11216 -148a-3p mimics into HeLa-S3 cells, @entity16610 was down-regulated, while transfection of adipose stem cells with @entity11216 -148a-3p inhibitor up-regulated @entity16610 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that @entity11216 -148a-3p-mediated regulation of @entity16610 expression may play a mechanistic role in @entity28 .

title: Obesity associated modulation of miRNA and co-regulated target transcripts in XXXX adipose tissue of non-diabetic subjects.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity16610 :: ('1786', 'Gene') :: ['DNA methyltransferase 1', 'DNMT1']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Measurement of @entity5 response by standard response criteria is challenging in @entity8646 , especially when the pleura is involved, as it often is in stage IV disease. In this study, we aimed to determine the effectiveness of volumetric response evaluation criteria in @entity5 (volumetrics) for evaluating response in @entity1 with @entity8646 treated on a phase II study of @entity32431 . METHODS: We evaluated the @entity5 responses of 25 @entity1 with @entity6732 using computed tomography-based RECIST, World Health Organization (WHO), modified RECIST, and volumetrics. As a control, we assessed 37 @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) with RECIST and volumetrics. RESULTS: Agreement analyses in 23 @entity1 with @entity6732 at the time of RECIST-determined @entity74 ( @entity74 ) compared volumetrics with RECIST, modified RECIST, and WHO criteria. Use of volumetrics was associated with 22% discordance compared with RECIST, 15% versus modified RECIST, and 22% versus WHO criteria. Volumetrics revealed @entity74 72 days earlier than RECIST (p = 0.016). In another cohort of 35 @entity1 with @entity1149 , there was 9% discordance between volumetrics and RECIST at the time of @entity74 . Volumetrics demonstrated @entity74 32 days earlier than RECIST in @entity1149 (p = 0.0078). CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that volumetrics might improve detection of @entity74 . Prospective evaluation of this technique in a larger series of @entity1 with @entity8646 will be required.

title: Assessment of objective responses using volumetric evaluation in advanced @entity8646 and metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8646 :: ('MESH:C564767', 'Disease') :: ['thymic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity32431 :: ('MESH:C487081', 'Chemical') :: ['belinostat']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity6732 :: ('MESH:D013953', 'Disease') :: ['thymic cancer']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive disease']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aberrant Notch activation confers a proliferative advantage to many @entity1 @entity5 , including @entity320 . This phase 2 trial assessed the antitumor activity of @entity1134 , a gamma-secretase inhibitor of Notch signaling, with respect to the progression-free and overall survival of @entity1 with advanced @entity320 . METHODS: Chemotherapy-naive @entity1 with @entity320 of cutaneous or unknown origin were treated orally with @entity1134 at a dose of 20 mg daily 3 consecutive days per week. A 2-step accrual design was used with an interim analysis of the first 32 @entity1 and with continuation of enrollment if 4 or more of the 32 @entity1 responded. RESULTS: Thirty-six @entity1 from 23 institutions were enrolled; 32 @entity1 were evaluable. @entity1134 was well tolerated, and most @entity137 were grade 1 or 2. The most common @entity137 were @entity390 (53%), @entity1295 (41%), and @entity417 (22%). There was 1 confirmed partial response lasting 7 months, and there were 8 @entity1 with stable disease lasting at least through week 12, with 1 of these continuing for 31 months. The 6-month progression-free survival rate was 9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2%-22%), and the 1-year overall survival rate was 50% (95% CI, 32%-66%). Peripheral blood T-cell assays showed no significant inhibition of the production of @entity1199 , a surrogate pharmacodynamic marker of Notch inhibition, and this suggested that the drug levels were insufficient to achieve Notch target inhibition. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1134 showed minimal clinical activity against @entity320 in this phase 2 trial, possibly because of inadequate exposure to therapeutic drug levels. Although Notch inhibition remains a compelling target in @entity320 , the results do not support further investigation of @entity1134 with this dose and schedule. @entity5 2014.    2014 American @entity5 Society.

title: Phase 2 study of @entity1134 , a gamma-secretase inhibitor, in XXXX : SWOG 0933.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['metastatic melanoma']


abstract: We tested and clinically validated a targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) mutation panel using 80 @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded (FFPE) @entity5 samples. Forty @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), 30 @entity320 , and 30 gastrointestinal (12 colonic, 10 gastric, and 8 @entity788 ) FFPE samples were selected from laboratory archives. After appropriate specimen and nucleic acid quality control, 80 NGS libraries were prepared using the Illumina @entity5 ( @entity5 ) kit and sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq. Sequence alignment, variant calling, and sequencing quality control were performed using vendor software and laboratory-developed analysis workflows. @entity5 generated >= 500* coverage for 98.4% of the 13,952 targeted bases. Reproducible and accurate variant calling was achieved at >= 5% variant allele frequency with 8 to 12 multiplexed samples per MiSeq flow cell. @entity5 detected 112 variants overall, and confirmed all known single- @entity4334 variants (n = 27), deletions (n = 5), insertions (n = 3), and multinucleotide variants (n = 3). @entity5 detected at least one variant in 85.0% (68/80), and two or more variants in 36.2% (29/80), of samples. @entity876 was the most frequently mutated gene in @entity1149 (13  variants; 13/32 samples), @entity344 (15 variants; 13/25 samples), and overall (30 variants; 28/80 samples). @entity817 mutations were most common in @entity320 (nine variants; 9/23 samples). Clinically relevant NGS data can be obtained from routine clinical FFPE solid @entity5 specimens using @entity5 , benchtop instruments, and vendor-supplied bioinformatics pipelines.

title: Clinical Validation and Implementation of a Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing Assay to Detect Somatic Variants in Non-Small Cell Lung, @entity320 , and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'TST', 'TruSight tumor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal malignancies']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['Gastrointestinal Malignancies']


abstract: We prospectively studied the type, frequency and outcome of @entity281 in 513 @entity1 with 762 consecutive episodes of @entity1398 ( @entity1398 ) over a five-year period between 1995 and 1999 in a single paediatric oncology unit. The findings were then compared with a similar study carried out in our unit between 1990 and 1994. The types of bacterial isolates and sensitivity patterns were also studied to identify trends and to gauge the suitability of antibiotics chosen for empirical therapy. @entity582 was documented in 35.4% of @entity1398 episodes, although 70% of @entity1 did not have an obvious site of @entity295 . The majority of isolates (61.9%) were gram-negative bacteria, a consistent finding throughout the study period. Resistance to @entity5505 , @entity4509 and imipenem among gram-negative bacteria was 26.3%, 21.2% and 0.7%, respectively. Methicillin resistance among gram-positive bacteria was 26.3%, while no @entity2176 -resistant bacteria were encountered. There were 36 @entity295 -related @entity204 . Factors associated with a fatal outome were prolonged capillary refill time, @entity551 , @entity221 above 39 degrees C and @entity55 . Rapid neutrophil recovery was associated with a good prognosis. A change to our current choice of empirical antibiotics for @entity1398 , comprising @entity5505 / @entity2756 and @entity4509 appears necessary because of the relatively high resistance rates found.

title: Surveillance study of bacteraemic episodes in febrile neutropenic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['FN', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity582 :: ('MESH:C531821', 'Disease') :: ['Bacteraemia']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The influences of test variables on the outcome of susceptibility testing with @entity11794 were tested with isolates of Candida spp. and @entity54 . Among six growth conditions tested with a range of inoculum sizes, the highest control growth yields were obtained in Sabouraud broth for all fungi, followed by RPMI 1640 (pH 7) for Candida spp. and antibiotic medium 3 ( @entity40319 ) for A. fumigatus. RPMI 1640 gave unacceptably low growth yields with A. fumigatus. The @entity11794 MICs under these various conditions ranged over more than 4 twofold dilutions for 7 of 16 fungi tested when a 50% inhibition (50% inhibitory concentration [IC(50)]) endpoint was used and for 12 of 16 fungi tested when an 80% inhibition (IC(80)) endpoint was used. A multifactorial design to study the influences of six test variables on control growth and the MIC showed that, for 14 isolates of Candida spp., the @entity413 concentration and the medium composition were the most common factors significantly influencing both control growth yields and the MIC. For eight A. fumigatus isolates, incubation time (24 versus 48 h) and temperature (30 versus 35 degrees C) significantly affected control optical density (OD) values, while growth medium ( @entity40319 versus Sabouraud broth) was the most common process variable affecting the MICs. Tests with @entity40319 from three suppliers showed significant variations in control OD values related to supplier, but IC(50)s fell within a 2- or 3-dilution range for 19 (86%) of the 22 isolates tested. We recommend that, at present, @entity40319 is superior to RPMI 1640 for testing of the susceptibilities of both @entity375 and filamentous fungi to @entity11794 and that a minimum incubation time of 48 h is necessary to test A. fumigatus adequately.

title: Influences of methodological variables on susceptibility testing of @entity11794 against Candida species and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity11794 :: ('MESH:C105417', 'Chemical') :: ['caspofungin']

answer: @entity54 :: (746128,Species) :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: AT1 receptor blockers (ARB) represent an approach for treating metabolic syndrome due to their potency in reducing hypertension, body weight, and onset of type-2 diabetes. The mechanism underlying ARB-induced weight loss is still unclear. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Leptin resistance tests (LRT) in diet-induced obese or lean @entity35 were conducted to determine whether @entity9887 (8 mg kg-1 d-1 ,14 days) enhances leptin sensitivity. pSTAT (phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) staining was performed in hypothalami to estimate leptin transport across the blood-brain barrier. KEY RESULTS: Weight gain, food intake, and plasma leptin were reduced by @entity9887 but blood pressure remained unchanged. The 24-h profiles of plasma leptin were similar between controls and @entity9887 -treated @entity35 after saline injections, but were higher after leptin injections in controls and slightly lower in @entity9887 -treated animals. After @entity9887 , energy intake during LRT was lower in leptin- than in saline-pretreated @entity35 , but remained unchanged in controls, irrespectively of whether @entity35 received saline or leptin. Leptin minimized the gain in body weight during LRT in @entity35 treated with @entity9887 as compared to saline-treated animals. pSTAT3 staining was reduced in cafeteria diet-fed @entity35 as compared to chow-fed @entity35 but normalized by @entity9887 . Hypothalamic mRNA levels of the orexigenic peptides melanin-concentrating hormone and preproorexin were reduced by @entity9887 . CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: @entity35 develop leptin resistance due to the cafeteria diet after 2 weeks. Leptin sensitivity is preserved by @entity9887 treatment despite feeding with cafeteria diet. This pleiotropic effect is not related to the hypotensive action of @entity9887 .

title: Preventing leptin resistance by blocking angiotensin II AT1 receptors in diet-induced obese XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9887 :: ('MESH:C084178', 'Chemical') :: ['telmisartan']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The Test of Variables of Attention (T.O.V.A.; R. A. Leark, T. R. Dupuy, L. M. Greenberg, C. L. Corman, _ C. L. Kindeschi, 1996) is a continuous performance test used widely to help diagnose @entity71 ( @entity71 ) in both hearing and deaf @entity1 . The T.O.V.A. previously has been normed only on the hearing population. The T.O.V.A. performance of 38 prelingually and severely-to-profoundly deaf young adults and 34 hearing young adults who did not have @entity71 was examined in this study. Deaf and hearing @entity1 did not differ on the T.O.V.A. omission variables. However, deaf @entity1 had significantly lower d' scores than hearing @entity1 , indicating reduced perceptual sensitivity to the distinction between target and distractor stimuli. Consistent with the existing literature on attentional reorganization in the deaf population, this result was interpreted as indicating a @entity2319 -related reduction in attention to centrally presented stimuli. Deaf @entity1 also showed 2 to 3 times more commission errors than hearing @entity1 and displayed a higher incidence of anticipatory errors. These results suggest a @entity2319 -related increase in impulsivity at the time of response initiation. Beta score analysis confirmed that deaf @entity1 adopted an overall less conservative (more impulsive) response criterion that contributed to their total elevated commission errors. However, a portion of the commission errors was secondary to their reduced d', not to increased behavioral impulsivity. Separate factor analyses of the standard T.O.V.A. variables revealed highly similar factor structures for deaf and hearing @entity1 , indicating similar construct validity of the T.O.V.A. for both groups. The evidence for increased inattention and impulsivity in a non- @entity71 deaf sample are interpreted in the context of an adaptive attentional reorganization due to @entity2319 . Along with the factor analytic results, these considerations suggest that separate T.O.V.A. norms must be developed for the deaf population to avoid overdiagnosis of @entity71 in deaf individuals.

title: Deaf adults without XXXX display reduced perceptual sensitivity and elevated impulsivity on the Test of Variables of Attention (T.O.V.A.).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This paper aims to identify clinical and serological differences, damage accrual and mortality, in juvenile, adult and late-onset @entity1252 . METHODS: We conducted our study with @entity1 fulfilling @entity1252 classification criteria taken from the Hospital Gregorio Mara  on Autoimmune Systemic @entity627 ' Registry (1986 to 2012). Clinical characteristics, laboratory data and therapies used during the course of the disease were analysed with @entity1 divided into 3 groups: juvenile-onset ( <=18 years), adult-onset (19-50) and late onset (>50 years). RESULTS: Four hundred and forty-five @entity1 were included. @entity8 and cutaneous manifestations were more frequent in the juvenile-onset group at disease onset. During follow-up, juvenile-onset group presented a higher incidence of @entity8 , @entity1910 , @entity2407 , @entity1333 , and @entity146 manifestations than the other two groups. @entity625 and lymphopoenia were more frequent in the adult-onset group. Arterial @entity101 and @entity5 were more frequent in the late-onset group. Low serum complement, anti-dsDNA, anti- @entity8107 and anti-Sm antibodies were more common in the juvenile-onset group. @entity1 with late-onset @entity1252 had more damage accrual. Thirty-seven @entity1 (8.3%) died during the study. All-cause mortality was significantly higher in the late-onset group. Age at disease onset >50 years was an independent risk factor for damage accrual (OR, 2.2; 95%CI, 1.1-4.6; p=0.029) and mortality (OR, 2.6; 95%CI, 1.1-6.3; p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: We found significant differences in clinical and serological profiles between juvenile, adult and late-onset @entity1252 . The most significant of which was a higher prevalence of @entity8 as well as different autoantibody signatures for the juvenile-onset group.

title: Juvenile, adult and late-onset XXXX : a long term follow-up study from a geographic and ethnically homogeneous population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric and renal complications', 'renal disease', 'Renal disease']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatic Diseases']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['Arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['malar rash']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ["Raynaud's phenomenon"]

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: This study aimed to test the role of family social support, @entity308 , @entity148 and self-efficacy on specific self-care behaviours. In a local community health center, 318 @entity1 with @entity101 completed a questionnaire assessing self-care, family social support, @entity308 , @entity148 and self-efficacy in 2012. Each self-care behaviour was separately analyzed with logistic regression models. The mean score of perceived family social support for @entity101 treatment was 20.91 (maximum=60). Adult @entity1 were identified as the primary support source. Approximately 22.3% and 15.4% of @entity1 reported symptoms of @entity148 and @entity308 , respectively. @entity1 had moderately positive levels of confidence performing self-care (42.1  13.3 out of 60). After adjusting for demographic and health variables, a 10-unit increase in family social support increased the odds ratio (OR) of taking medication by 1.39 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-1.87) and increased the OR for measuring blood pressure (BP) regularly by 1.33 (95% CI 1.02-1.74). @entity308 and @entity148 were not associated with any self-care behaviours. A10-unit increase in self-efficacy increased the adjusted OR for performing physical exercise to 1.25 (95% CI 1.04-1.49). In conclusion, family social support was positively associated with medication adherence and regular BP measurement. Strategies to improve family social support should be developed for @entity101 control, yet further prospective studies are needed to understand the effects of family social support, @entity308 , @entity148 and self-efficacy on self-care behaviours.Journal of @entity1 @entity101 advance online publication, 10 July 2014; doi:10.1038/jhh.2014.58.

title: The association of family social support, @entity308 , XXXX and self-efficacy with specific @entity101 self-care behaviours in Chinese local community.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'patients', 'Participants', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Pistachio nut ingestion (3 oz./d, two weeks) was tested for effects on exercise performance and 21-h post-exercise recovery from @entity32 , oxidative stress, @entity1200 , and metabolite shifts. METHODS: Using a randomized, crossover approach, cyclists (N=19) engaged in two 75-km time trials after 2-weeks pistachio or no pistachio supplementation, with a 2-week washout period. Subjects came to the lab in an overnight fasted state, and ingested water only or 3 oz. pistachios with water before and during exercise. Blood samples were collected 45 min pre-exercise, and immediately post-, 1.5-h post-, and 21-h post-exercise, and analyzed for plasma cytokines, @entity1851 (CRP), @entity37336 (F2-IsoP), granulocyte phagocytosis (GPHAG) and oxidative burst activity (GOBA), and shifts in metabolites. RESULTS: Performance time for the 75-km time trial was 4.8% slower under pistachio conditions (2.84  0.11 and 2.71  0.07 h, respectively, P=0.034). Significant time effects were shown for plasma cytokines, CRP, F2-IsoP, GPHAG, and GOBA, with few group differences. Metabolomics analysis revealed 423 detectable compounds of known identity, with significant interaction effects for 19 metabolites, especially @entity9592 , (12Z)-9,10-Dihydroxyoctadec-12-enoate ( @entity68398 ), and @entity969 . Dietary intake of @entity9592 was 2.19  0.15 and 0.35  0.08 mg/d during the pistachio and no pistachio periods, and metabolomics revealed that colon @entity9592 and @entity969 translocated to the circulation during exercise due to increased gut permeability. The post-exercise increase in plasma @entity9592 correlated significantly with 9,10-DiHOME and other oxidative stress metabolites. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, 2-weeks pistachio nut ingestion was associated with reduced 75-km cycling time trial performance and increased post-exercise plasma levels of @entity9592 , @entity969 , and metabolites related to leukotoxic effects and oxidative stress. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01821820.

title: Influence of pistachios on performance and exercise-induced XXXX , oxidative stress, @entity1200 , and metabolite shifts in cyclists: a randomized, crossover trial.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity9592 :: ('MESH:D011887', 'Chemical') :: ['raffinose']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity37336 :: ('MESH:D028441', 'Chemical') :: ['F2-isoprostanes']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: The basic mechanism of reinforcement in tendons addresses the transfer of stress, generated by the deforming proteoglycan (PG)-rich matrix, to the collagen fibrils. Regulating this mechanism involves the interactions of PGs on the fibril with those in the surrounding matrix and between PGs on adjacent fibrils. This understanding is key to establishing new insights on the biomechanics of tendon in various research domains. However, the experimental designs in many studies often involved long sample preparation time. To minimise biological degradation the tendons are usually stored by freezing. Here, we have investigated the effects of commonly used frozen storage temperatures on the mechanical properties of tendons from the tail of a @entity19 model (C57BL6 @entity19 ). Fresh (unfrozen) and thawed samples, frozen at temperatures of -20  C and -80  C, respectively, were stretched to @entity397 . Freezing at -20  C revealed no effect on the maximum stress (  ), stiffness (E), the corresponding strain (  ) at    and strain energy densities up to    (u) and from    until complete @entity397 (up). On the other hand, freezing at -80  C led to higher   , E and u;    and up were unaffected. The results implicate changes in the long-range order of radially packed collagen molecules in fibrils, resulting in fibril @entity397 at higher stresses, and changes to the composition of extrafibrillar matrix, resulting in an increase in the interaction energy between fibrils via collagen-bound PGs.

title: Effects of frozen storage temperature on the elasticity of tendons from a small XXXX model.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: The authors report a series of 46 @entity1 operated for an @entity438 from January 92 to January 96 in H  tel-Dieu de France. There were 28 males and 18 females ranging from 22 to 69 years. Forty-four @entity1 presented a typical clinical pattern of @entity510 . In 20 cases (45%), correct diagnosis was not made at the time of @entity548 but at another outpatient visit or at a @entity548 recurrence. Cerebral angiography was performed in all our @entity1 . The most frequent aneurysmal location was at the anterior communicating artery (n = 20). Surgical total exclusion of the @entity439 was possible in 45 @entity1 . Forty-one @entity1 had a favourable outcome but three presented important neurological sequelae. We encountered 2 postoperative deaths due to irreversible arterial @entity2553 . These results suggest that the preoperative neurological state and the occurrence of an arterial @entity2553 are the main prognostic factors of the @entity438 . Early diagnosis and treatment allow to avoid rebleeding, mostly responsible of the poor neurological status, and to better manage the arterial @entity2553 in order to improve the outcome.

title: [Intracranial arterial XXXX : from diagnosis to treatment. A retrospective study of 46 surgically treated cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysm']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysm']


abstract: @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ) is important in attracting monocytes to sites of @entity32 . Using predominantly pharmacological approaches, prior studies have indicated that @entity563 / @entity1889 kinases are involved in the @entity2842 -induced signaling pathways. We report here that there is substantial inhibition of @entity2842 -stimulated chemotaxis of @entity1 monocytes treated with inhibitors selective for the subset of @entity563 / @entity1889 kinases, @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ). Selective inhibitors of @entity7131 such as @entity11009 and Calphostin C both caused approximately 80% inhibition of chemotaxis. Because these pharmacological inhibitors do not specifically inhibit individual @entity7131 isoforms, we chose to use antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODN) to specifically reduce @entity7131 isoform expression, first by inhibiting expression of the conventional @entity7131 family, and next by using specific antisense ODN for @entity10185 and @entity23001 . Conventional @entity7131 -antisense ODN treatment completely and significantly inhibited monocyte chemotaxis to @entity2842 , whereas sense-control ODN caused no significant inhibition. @entity23001 -antisense ODN caused 89.2% inhibition of chemotaxis at its highest dose. In contrast, @entity23001 -sense ODN and @entity10185 -antisense and -sense ODN were without effect. Further studies evaluating the @entity460 response that is triggered upon @entity2842 interaction with its receptor, @entity9172 , indicate that this response is not altered by antisense or sense ODN treatment, thus supporting our hypothesis that @entity23001 is critical for post-receptor signal transduction downstream of the immediate @entity460 signal. These data contribute to our developing understanding of the signal transduction pathways involved in the chemotactic response of @entity1 monocytes to @entity2842 and uniquely identify the requirement for the @entity23001 isoform in this important process.

title: @entity23001 is required for @entity1 monocyte chemotaxis to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['MCP-1', 'Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity2842 :: (6347,Gene) :: ['MCP-1']


abstract: [Purpose] The present study aimed to find out the @entity1635 prevalence 11-15 years old @entity1 and to create awareness about @entity1635 . [Subjects and Methods] All of the @entity1 were assessed using the Adams Forward Bendings Test and a scoliometer. Sagittal plane changes such as @entity1513 , @entity1515 , hypokyphosis, hypolordosis and anterior head tilt were screened. @entity1 with trunk rotation angles ( @entity15126 ) of 4 degrees or more were suspected of having @entity1635 , and were evaluated for a second time for gibbosity height, arm-trunk distance, and @entity15126 . [Results] A total of 2,207 @entity1 were screened and the evaluation revealed there were 11 @entity1 (0.49%) with a Cobb angle of 10 degrees and more. The maximum Cobb angle was 43   (right thoracic-left lumbar) and the maximum @entity15126 was 12  . Two @entity1 had @entity1513 and @entity1515 , and one had hypokyphosis and was diagnosed as having @entity2112 . [Conclusion] Families should regularly check their @entity1 , even if they are not diagnosed as having @entity1635 in school screenings. It is our opinion that our study increased the awareness of the families about @entity1635 by screening, brochures and posters. In the future, if school screenings were performed as a routine procedure and scoliotic students were followed over the long term, the actual effectiveness of screening would be able to be detected.

title: XXXX screening results of primary school students (11-15 years old group) in the west side of Istanbul.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['Scoliosis']