abstract: BACKGROUND: Evaluation of the long-term impact of @entity2506 on surviving @entity1 and their families is critical to fully comprehending the burden of @entity66 and to facilitating an evidence-based decision for the introduction of pneumococcal vaccine. This study was an investigation of the short- and long-term impacts of @entity2506 among Bangladeshi @entity1 . METHODS: Case @entity1 with @entity2506 who were hospitalized between January 2006 and March 2007 were subjected to short-term follow-up within 30-40 days of discharge. Case @entity1 discharged prior to January 2005 were selected for long-term follow-up at 6-24 months after the date of discharge. Both cohorts were enrolled from Dhaka Shishu Hospital, a pediatric hospital in Bangladesh. Healthy @entity1 matched for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and area of residence were recruited from the community as control subjects. During follow-up visits, case @entity1 and control subjects were assessed for their physical and neurodevelopmental status by use of a standardized protocol. The impact of @entity2506 on siblings and the family as a whole was assessed by means of qualitative interviews. RESULTS: Neurodevelopmental assessments of the short-term follow-up cohort (n=51) revealed @entity1018 in 33%, 8%, 41%, and 49% of the case @entity1 , respectively. These deficits were 18%, 4%, 41%, and 35% in the long-term follow-up cohort (n=51), respectively. @entity51 were seen in only 2% of the control subjects, none of whom had vision or @entity393 . CONCLUSIONS: In addition to the risk of @entity204 , @entity2506 in @entity1 causes severe disabilities among survivors, as well as disruption of the life of other siblings and family members. This study demonstrated that high rates of sequelae are associated with @entity2506 . Neurodevelopmental assessment during follow-up of @entity1 with @entity693 is critical to our understanding of the burden of the adverse consequences of @entity66 . These data, along with the fact of poor access to health care, provide a compelling argument in favor of the introduction of pneumococcal vaccine, specifically in a setting where access to health care is poor and disabled @entity1 remain incapacitated because of a lack of resources and facilities.

title: Neurodevelopmental sequelae in XXXX cases in Bangladesh: a comprehensive follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['hearing, vision, mental, and psychomotor deficits']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal disease']

entities_list: @entity2506 :: ('MESH:D008586', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Such deficits']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing deficits']

answer: @entity2506 :: (MESH:D008586,Disease) :: ['pneumococcal meningitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity1812 B2 receptor ( @entity14344 ) plays a key role in the @entity32 process of @entity571 . @entity842 has also long been considered to be a catabolic factor that contributes to inflammatory response and the @entity66 pathology. Several studies have reported that the @entity14344 +9/-9   bp polymorphisms are associated with transcription of the receptor. However, the roles of @entity14344 polymorphisms in @entity32 in @entity571 remain unclear. This study enrolled 156 subjects with primary @entity626 and 58 healthy volunteers. @entity14344 polymorphisms were genotyped, and the mRNA and protein levels of @entity14344 in synovial tissues from @entity571 @entity1 were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. @entity842 production in serum from @entity1 with @entity571 was measured using a @entity842 assay kit. We found that the mean @entity14344 mRNA levels were significantly higher in Kallgren-Lawrence grade-4 @entity571 @entity1 than @entity1 with lower grade @entity571 . The +9/-9   bp polymorphisms significantly affected the @entity14344 mRNA and protein expression levels in synovial tissues from @entity571 subjects. @entity571 @entity1 with +9/-9 and -9/-9 genotypes had higher @entity14344 expression levels in synovial tissue and @entity842 production in serum. Moreover, positive correlation was found between the @entity14344 levels in synovial tissue and @entity842 production. Compared with health controls, significant increases of @entity842 production in @entity571 were detected which were associated with increasing severity of @entity571 . Multiple linear regression analysis (adjusted for gender and age) showed serum @entity842 level was positively associated with @entity14344 polymorphism and Kallgren-Lawrence grade and was inversely associated with @entity28 . Our findings showed that the @entity14344 +9/-9   bp polymorphisms affected the gene expression and @entity842 production, which were associated with radiographic severity of @entity571 , suggesting that the @entity14344 +9/-9   bp polymorphisms may act as a genetic modulator of @entity571 , and play an essential role in inflammatory process in @entity571 .

title: @entity14344 +9/-9   bp polymorphisms influence @entity14344 expression levels and NO production in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis disease']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide', 'nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Frail, elderly and immobile @entity1 frequently have difficulty in tolerating formal colonic investigations. @entity5 may account for up to 35% of @entity5 . Barium enema and colonoscopy have limitations in assessing this region. The aims of this study were to evaluate the accuracy of a minimal preparation CT technique (merely with prolonged oral contrast medium) in identifying @entity189 and to determine helpful radiological signs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The CT technique involved helical acquisition following 2 days of preparation with oral contrast medium. The outcome of 4 years' experience (1995-1998) was reviewed. The gold-standards were pathological and @entity5 registration records, together with colonoscopy and barium enema where available, with a minimum of 15 months' follow-up. RESULTS: CT correctly identified 27 of 30 @entity189 , and missed three, in a total of 1077 CT studies in 1031 @entity1 (median age 80 years). There were also 21 false-positive cases in which CT incorrectly raised the possibility of a caecal @entity5 . The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) were 90%, 98%, 99% and 56%, respectively. Serosal margin blurring, @entity5 length, presence of abnormal peri-colic fat and terminal ileal wall thickening were identified as useful radiological signs. CONCLUSIONS: Minimal preparation CT is able to identify @entity189 with fair accuracy. Such evaluation may become important given the increasing population age and evidence of a 'proximal shift' in the site of @entity5 in the elderly.

title: XXXX in the elderly: useful signs in minimal preparation CT.

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['caecal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Caecal tumours', 'cancer', 'colonic tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Caecal carcinomas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Herein, we present a simple and green method for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using the phytoproteins of @entity2772 leaves. Under ambient sunlight irradiation, the isolated phytoprotein complex from @entity2772 leaves reduces the gold @entity2865 aqueous solution and stabilizes the formed AuNPs. As prepared nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and @entity11898 ( @entity11898 ). The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) maximum for AuNPs was observed at 520nm. The zeta potential value estimated for the AuNPs is -27.0mV, indicating that the NPs are well separated. Transmission electron micrographs revealed that the particles are spherical in nature with the size range from 10 to 15nm. AuNPs act as a catalyst in the degradation of an @entity24740 dye, @entity25537 in an aqueous environment. The reduction rate was determined to be pseudo-first order. Electrocatalytic efficiency of the synthesized AuNPs via this green approach was studied by chronoamperometry using @entity620 and @entity273 as a model compound for oxidation and reduction, respectively. Electrocatalytic studies indicate that the gold nanoparticles can be used to detect @entity620 and @entity273 in micromolar concentrations with response time less than 3s.

title: Phytoproteins in green leaves as building blocks for photosynthesis of gold nanoparticles: An efficient electrocatalyst towards the oxidation of XXXX and the reduction of @entity273 .

entities_list: @entity11898 :: ('MESH:C564523', 'Disease') :: ['energy dispersive X-ray analysis', 'EDS']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity25537 :: ('MESH:C100258', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl orange']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

answer: @entity620 :: (MESH:D001205,Chemical) :: ['ascorbic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity65 ( @entity65 ) caused by @entity731 remains a worldwide burden. @entity3957 is a promising new therapeutic avenue for the treatment of @entity65 , however reports show exogenous @entity3958 has both vasodilator and vasoconstrictor effects depending on organ examined, and in vitro studies in animal models which are not resistant to developing @entity731 are limited. We sought to determine if @entity95 arteries constricted or dilated to @entity3957 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The aorta, carotid, renal and iliac arteries were harvested from New Zealand White @entity95 (n=4) and subjected to a concentration response curve to the fast @entity3958 releaser @entity8835 . In addition, a bolus dose of @entity8835 was used to determine if further dilation was achievable after maximum dilation to @entity934 similar to @entity842 donors. Further, @entity8835 was used to determine if @entity3958 could impair @entity1255 induced @entity409 . RESULTS: Blood vessels relaxed poorly to @entity8835 and contracted at higher doses. A bolus dose of @entity8835 relaxed then contracted the aorta, however a bolus dose of @entity8835 after maximal relaxation to @entity934 caused marked contraction. @entity8835 did not prevent @entity1255 induced @entity455 . CONCLUSION: @entity8835 at low doses caused minor relaxation of @entity95 blood vessels, indicating a possible therapeutic benefit for low dose @entity3958 in the cellular milieu.

title: XXXX causes contraction and relaxation of major arteries of the @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3957 :: ('MESH:D006862', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen sulfide', 'Hydrogen sulfide']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease', 'CVD']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity3958 :: (CHEBI:36945,Chemical) :: ['H2S']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is characterized by the deposition of tau and amyloid in the brain. Although the core cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) @entity195 biomarkers amyloid b peptide 1-42 (Ab1-42), total tau (t-tau) and phosphorylated tau 181 (p-tau181) show good diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, additional biomarkers that can aid in preclinical diagnosis or better track disease progression are needed. Activation of the complement system, a pivotal part of @entity32 , occurs at very early stages in the @entity195 brain. Therefore, CSF levels of complement proteins that could be linked to cognitive and structural changes in @entity195 may have diagnostic and prognostic value. METHODS: Using xMAP   technology based assays we measured complement 3 ( @entity4417 ) and @entity4050 ( @entity4050 ) in the CSF of 110 controls (CN), 187 @entity73 ( @entity73 ) and 92  @entity195 subjects of the @entity195 Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) at baseline. All ADNI @entity1 underwent clinical follow-up at 12  month intervals and @entity73 subjects had additional visits at 6 and 18  months. The association between CSF biomarkers and different outcome measures were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard models (conversion from @entity73 to @entity195 ), logistic regression models (classification of clinical groups) and mixed-effects models adjusted for age, gender, education, t-tau/Ab1-42 and @entity2204 presence (baseline and longitudinal association between biomarkers and cognitive scores). RESULTS: Although no association was found between the complement proteins and clinical diagnosis or cognitive measures, lower levels of @entity4417 (b   =   -0.12, p   =   0.041) and @entity4050 (b   =   -0.075, p   =   0.041) were associated with faster @entity73 in @entity73 subjects as measured by the @entity195 Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog) test. Furthermore, lower @entity4050 levels were associated with larger lateral ventricular volume (p   =   0.024), which is indicative of @entity1010 . CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms a lack of suitability of CSF C3 and @entity4050 as diagnostic biomarkers of @entity195 , but points to their modest potential as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in @entity73 @entity1 .

title: Low levels of cerebrospinal fluid complement 3 and XXXX predict faster @entity73 in @entity73 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitively impaired', 'cognitive decline', 'MCI', 'mild cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity4050 :: (3075,Gene) :: ['factor H']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prognostic significance of DNA ploidy, S-phase fraction and @entity8498 oncoprotein expression in @entity1 with @entity14 and to correlate these factors with the clinical behavior of the @entity5 and their response to therapy. Of 79 @entity1 with @entity14 57% (45/79) had early stage disease. Forty-one percent (32/79) had @entity5 while 30% (24/79) of the @entity5 had a high (>10%) S-phase fraction. @entity8498 oncoprotein expression was detected in 38% (30/79) of @entity5 . @entity1 with @entity5 had a worse prognosis than @entity1 with @entity5 (p=0.0002). Similarly, @entity1 with high S-phase fraction @entity5 had a shorter survival than those with low S-phase fraction @entity5 (p=0.005). No such difference was found between @entity3544 raspositive and @entity3544 ras-negative @entity5 subgroups. In early stage @entity14 , @entity2007 was closely correlated with disease outcome (p=0.029). Early stage @entity1 with @entity5 who received radiotherapy and chemotherapy had a better prognosis than @entity1 with @entity5 . In conclusion, DNA ploidy is a significant and independent prognostic factor in @entity14 . @entity74 of the @entity8498 oncoprotein are important in determining the biological aggressiveness of @entity14 . Furthermore, DNA ploidy may identify those subgroups of @entity1 with early stage disease who may benefit from more aggressive treatment.

title: Prognostic significance of DNA @entity2007 and XXXX oncoprotein expression in @entity14 and their role in the determination of treatment modalities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'diploid tumors', 'aneuploid tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Aneuploidy and genetic alteration']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity8498 :: (3265,Gene) :: ['p21 ras']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity2023 , mast cells, activated by cross-linking of allergen to mast cell-bound specific IgE, release both vasoactive mediators related to the early nasal symptoms and chemotactic mediators that attract inflammatory cells, such as eosinophils, related to the late-phase response. OBJECTIVE: We have analyzed, during and out of pollen season, in blood and nasal fluid from @entity1 allergic to grass pollen, @entity112 and tryptase to monitor the early phase markers and eosinophil and @entity11153 ( @entity11153 ) to monitor the late phase. METHODS: Twenty @entity1 were enrolled in the study. As a control, we studied 10 nonatopic subjects. Mediators and eosinophils were assessed in blood and nasal fluid. @entity112 was tested only in nasal fluid. RESULTS: During pollen season, tryptase but not @entity112 increased in nasal fluids from @entity1 (2.96 vs 0.22 U/ml, p = 0.001) and correlated with symptom scores (r(s) = 0.63, p = 0.003). Tryptase was not detected in serum. Eosinophils increased in nasal cytology (17.0% vs 2.0%, p = 0.001) and in the blood (265 vs 12.7 x 10(6) L, p = 0.001) from @entity1 , but they did not correlate with symptom scores. @entity11153 increased only in the nasal lavage (1633 vs 1.30 ng/ml, p = 0.001) and correlated with symptom scores (r(s) = 0.53, p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity11153 and tryptase increase in nasal secretion in natural disease. Therefore the measurement of tryptase and @entity11153 levels in nasal fluid might be a useful clinical test for monitoring disease activity and the effects of therapeutic agents.

title: XXXX to grass pollen: measurement of inflammatory mediators of mast cell and eosinophils in native nasal fluid lavage and in serum out of and during pollen season.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11153 :: ('6037', 'Gene') :: ['eosinophil cationic protein', 'ECP']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine', 'histamine']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['Allergic rhinitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To compare the correlation of TANIS and 1997 UICC stage grouping with survival rate in @entity135 . METHODS: A series of 820 @entity1 affected by @entity189 of paranasal sinuses (43 @entity1 ), oral cavity (100 @entity1 ), oropharynx (64 @entity1 ), larynx (599 @entity1 ) and parotid gland (134 @entity1 ) was considered in this retrospective study for a minimum follow-up of 5 years. The data set was classified according to 1997 UICC T-category and then grouped as recommended by the two systems. Data were analyzed by means of survival analyses (Kaplan-Meier and Cox algorithms). RESULTS: The total disease-specific survival rate at 5 years was 44% for paranasal sinuses, 54% for oral cavity, 28% for oropharynx, 86% for larynx and 65% for parotid gland. Globally, univariate analysis by means of Log Rank Test yielded significant p-values both for TANIS and 1997 UICC systems. Multivariate analysis (Cox regression adjusted for age and gender) showed a significant correlation between the two staging systems with the mortality rate. However, TANIS resulted in a higher prognostic value in oral cavity, oropharynx and larynx that are three sites affected by a homogeneous histological type of @entity189 (i.e. @entity957 ). CONCLUSIONS: TANIS stage grouping better defines the prognosis for @entity135 than the 1997 UICC system.

title: [Stage grouping for XXXX : a meta-analysis].

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck carcinoma', 'head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinorna']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['primary carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The study was carried out to highlight the clinical and biochemical profile of @entity1 with @entity1911 in a tertiary care center of North India. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty consecutive cases of @entity1911 admitted over a period of 10 years to our Institute were analyzed. The chief clinical complaints of these 30 @entity1 (17 males and 13 females, mean age 24+/-7 years) were palpitation (80%), @entity10 (77%), sweating (60%), @entity1353 (67%) and @entity1671 (56%). The clinical triad of @entity10 , @entity1671 and sweating occurred in 26.7% of cases. On clinical examination, 97% of the @entity1 were @entity101 and 16.6% presented with malignant @entity101 . Laboratory measurements showed that the levels of 24-hour urinary @entity17081 were elevated in 80% of cases. Levels of plasma @entity1425 and @entity1063 were raised in 78% and 79% of cases, respectively. Anatomical localization of the @entity5 on computerized tomographic scan showed the presence of an @entity5 in 80% and @entity5 in 20%. Surgical @entity5 could be carried out in 28 cases following control of the blood pressure with antihypertensive drugs including alpha and beta adrenoreceptor blockers. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1911 should be suspected in all young @entity101 @entity1 . The appropriate therapy for this @entity5 is surgical removal preceded by adequate blood pressure control including the use of alpha and beta adrenoreceptor antagonists.

title: XXXX : a 10-year experience in a tertiary care North Indian hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathlessness']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma', 'Pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity17081 :: ('MESH:D014642', 'Chemical') :: ['vanillylmandelic acid']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'adrenal tumor', 'removal of the tumor', 'extra-adrenal tumor']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity1911 :: (MESH:D010673,Disease) :: ['Pheochromocytoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Epistaxis is the most common ear, nose, and throat emergency observed in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ). An increased frequency of this condition has been observed during cooler months, but the results of available studies are controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the seasonality and association of @entity1415 presentations to a large urban @entity341 with variations of air temperature and humidity. METHODS: This study was a retrospective case series. Information on all the @entity1 who presented for @entity1415 in the @entity341 of the Academic Hospital of Parma during the years 2003-2012 and ages >= 14 years were retrieved from the hospital data base, excluding those attributable to @entity130 . The chronologic data of all visits were associated with climate data (air temperature and humidity) by univariate linear regression analysis. RESULTS: Among the 819,596 @entity341 @entity1 seen throughout the observational period, 5404 were admitted for @entity1415 . Of these, 5220 were discharged from the @entity341 , whereas 184 (3.4%) needed hospital admission. A strong seasonality of @entity1415 was observed, with a peak during winter. A strong negative correlation was also found between the daily number of epistaxes and the mean daily temperature in the whole population as well as in @entity1 subgroups (those undergoing anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy, or those with @entity101 , @entity74 , @entity1575 , or advanced @entity5 ). A weaker correlation was also found between air humidity and @entity1415 but only in certain subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study provided a contribution to improve our understanding of the epidemiology of @entity1415 and for specific health policies that should also be planned by considering the seasonality of nosebleed.

title: Influence of air temperature variations on incidence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited bleeding disorders']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

answer: @entity1415 :: (MESH:D004844,Disease) :: ['epistaxis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The Cockcroft-Gault (CG) equation has become perhaps the most popular practical approach for estimating renal function among health care professionals. Despite its widespread use, clinicians often overlook not only the limitations of the original serum @entity1011 (SCr) based equation, but also may not appreciate the validity of the many variations used to compensate for these limitations. For cirrhotic @entity1 in particular, the underlying pathophysiology of the disease contributes to a falsely low SCr, thereby overestimating renal function with use of the CG equation in this population. We reviewed the original CG trial from 1976 along with data surrounding clinician specific alterations to the CG equation that followed through time. These alterations included different formulas for body weight in @entity28 @entity1 and the "rounding up" approach in @entity1 with low SCr. Additionally, we described the pathophysiology and hemodynamic changes that occur in @entity82 ; and reviewed several studies that attempted to estimate renal function in this population. The evidence we reviewed regarding the most accurate manipulation of the original CG equation to estimate @entity1011 clearance (CrCl) was inconclusive. Unfortunately, the homogeneity of the @entity1 population in the original CG trial limited its external validity. Elimination of body weight in the CG equation actually produced the estimate closest to the measure CrCl. Furthermore, "rounding up" of SCr values often underestimated CrCl. This approach could lead to suboptimal dosing of drug therapies in @entity1 with low SCr. In cirrhotic @entity1 , utilization of SCr based methods overestimated true renal function by about 50% in the literature we reviewed.

title: Cockcroft-Gault revisited: New de-liver-ance on recommendations for use in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity454 are at increased risk for @entity340 . It has not been established whether hospitalized @entity340 ( @entity340 ) is a substantial barrier to @entity8 ( @entity8 ) after transplant listing, or whether @entity340 progresses after @entity8 . METHODS: Using data from the USRDS, we studied 35,215 @entity1 with @entity454 enrolled on the renal transplant waiting list from July 1994 to June 1997. Cox non-proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate adjusted, time-dependent hazard ratios (HR) for @entity8 and @entity340 . RESULTS: In comparison to maintenance dialysis (2.2/1,000 @entity1 years), @entity8 was independently associated with a lower hazard for hospitalization for @entity340 (0.7/1,000 @entity1 years, HR 0.28, 95% confidence interval 0.17 - 0.47). Renal transplant recipients had much lower rates of @entity340 after transplant than before (rate ratio (RR) 0.49, 95% Cl 0.47 - 0.52). @entity1 with @entity340 were significantly less likely to receive @entity8 (adjusted rate for @entity8 0.38, 95% CI 0.20 - 0.45) but @entity1 who received valve replacement surgeries (VRS) were not affected (adjusted rate for @entity8 1.10, 95% CI 0.52 - 2.32, not significant). CONCLUSIONS: @entity340 is an uncommon but serious barrier to @entity8 after listing, while VRS is not a significant barrier to @entity8 . Established @entity340 does not appear to worsen after @entity8 . Clinicians should consider giving increased attention to the detection and treatment of @entity340 during the pre-transplant evaluation.

title: Hospitalized @entity340 in XXXX on renal transplant waiting list: incidence, clinical correlates and outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['heart valve calcification', 'VHD', 'valvular heart disease']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'renal transplantation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2918 are important mediators responsible for many changes that occur during the inflammatory response. Specifically, in @entity29 ( @entity29 ), @entity2918 are key players in maintenance of blood flow and @entity33 . In blood vessels, @entity2918 modulate and inhibit transmigration. In lymphatic vessels, on the other hand, @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) and prostacyclin (PGI2) have been shown to potently inhibit lymphatic contractility. Inhibition of lymphatic contractility could impair proper tissue fluid drainage during @entity32 , consequently leading to the submucosal @entity4 observed in @entity29 . Alterations in production of @entity1421 and PGI2 during @entity32 could have severe implications on lymphatic and vascular functions within the small intestine. Using the @entity10776 ( @entity10776 )-induced @entity13570 @entity840 and @entity35 models, we assessed by quantitative PCR changes in mRNA transcript of enzymes and receptors involved in the production and actions of @entity2918 in mesenteric lymphatic and blood vessels as well as in the affected ileum. Furthermore, we also assessed lymphatic tissue levels of @entity1421 and PGI2 during @entity32 . We observed significant changes in lymphatic mRNA expression of @entity9774 , @entity4665 , MPGES-1, @entity68702 , @entity23408 and IP and increases in @entity1421 and PGI2 in tissues of @entity10776 -treated animals. Changes in mRNA in blood vessels from @entity10776 -treated animals included differences in @entity9774 , @entity4665 , MPGES-1, @entity68702 , @entity10571 , @entity10572 and IP expression. @entity3009 metabolites are differentially regulated in both lymphatic and blood vessels during intestinal @entity32 .

title: Experimental XXXX alters prostaglandin biosynthesis in mesenteric lymphatic and blood vessels.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E2', 'PGE2']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal defense']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins', 'Prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['IBD', 'inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity10776 :: ('CHEBI:53063', 'Chemical') :: ['2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid', 'TNBS']

answer: @entity13570 :: (MESH:D007079,Disease) :: ['ileitis']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the possible relationship between maximal running speed, serum isoenzyme patterns of @entity908 kinase (CK) and @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) and echocardiographic indices of left ventricular function. A group of 15 healthy, 3-year-old Maremmano stallions were given a 100 day training programme. At the end of this the animals carried out a maximum speed test and were divided into 2 groups (A and B) according to whether or not they had attained a speed of 15 m/s. Venous blood samples were taken from each @entity1641 before exercise (T0), 2 min (T1) and 24 h (T2) after exercise. Total serum activity of CK and LDH was measured and their isoenzyme distribution pattern determined. The day before the speed test echocardiographic examination was carried out at rest to assess the left ventricular function by calculating telediastolic, telesystolic and @entity64 volume, ejection fraction and @entity64 index. Statistically significant differences were found for the CK isoenzyme pattern at T2, where Group A showed an increase in the MM fraction (P = 0.003) and a decrease in the MB fraction (P = 0.014). These changes were thought to be linked to an increased membrane leakage due to exercise and not to muscle fibre disruption because the CK and LDH total activities remained within the normal range. In Group A there was also greater left ventricular telediastolic volume (P = 0.044) and length (P = 0.033) at rest as well as a greater @entity64 index (P = 0.032). We concluded that the evaluation of CK pattern after exercise and of echocardiographic left ventricular function indices at rest made it possible to select for the fastest @entity1641 (Group A).

title: Relationship between running speed, isoenzymes of serum XXXX kinase and @entity880 dehydrogenase and left ventricular function in stallions.

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity908 :: (MESH:D003401,Chemical) :: ['creatine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture as a treatment for @entity1118 and secondary symptoms after @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) and to identify disease-specific variables associated with response to treatment. DESIGN: A within-subjects design consisting of a 7(1/2)-week no-acupuncture baseline period followed by a 7(1/2)-week treatment period and a follow-up assessment 3 months posttreatment. SETTING: Medical rehabilitation research center. @entity1 : Twenty-two @entity1 with @entity1566 who experienced moderate to severe @entity158 of at least 6 months' duration. INTERVENTION: A course of 15 acupuncture treatments was administered over a 7(1/2)-week period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Numeric Rating Scale of @entity158 intensity; ratings of interference with activity, individualized symptom rating, Center for Epidemiologic Studies- @entity308 Scale; Speilberger State Trait @entity148 Inventory, and General Well-Being Schedule. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 (46%) showed improvement in @entity158 intensity and @entity158 sequelae after treatment. However, 6 @entity1 (27%) reported an increase in @entity158 that was still present 3 months after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: About 50% of the study sample reported substantial @entity158 relief after acupuncture treatment, suggesting that acupuncture may provide @entity158 relief for at least a subgroup of individuals with @entity1566 . Future research is needed to determine what part of this effect is because of acupuncture versus nonspecific effects such as placebo effects and regression to the mean.

title: Is acupuncture effective in treating XXXX after @entity1566 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: Although ample evidence implicates the @entity935 (DA) projection to the neostriatum and nucleus accumbens in motor and motivational processes, relatively little information is available on how DA alters neostriatal or accumbal functions under naturally occurring behavioral conditions. Further insight into neuron-behavior relationships can be achieved with the application of single-unit recording techniques, including iontophoresis and fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV), to awake, unrestrained animals. Single-unit recording has revealed that @entity4944 , a widely abused psychomotor stimulant, activates motor-, but inhibits nonmotor-related neurons in neostriatum and nucleus accumbens. Although either response can be blocked by DA receptor antagonists, the @entity4944 -induced activation also depends on an intact corticostriatal system, suggesting a role for @entity2227 ( @entity367 ). Both neostriatal and accumbal neurons are sensitive to iontophoretic application of either DA or @entity367 , but when applied during low-dose application of DA, the @entity367 signal is enhanced relative to background activity. In effect, DA appears to modulate @entity367 by strengthening the @entity367 signal-to-noise ratio. To assess DA release under behaviorally relevant conditions, FSCV has been used to obtain real-time measurements of DA efflux in a free-choice novelty test. DA efflux increased only during the brief period of entry into novelty, and the increase was confined to accumbal shell and the shell-core transition zone, the so-called shore. Neither accumbal core nor the overlying neostriatum showed a novelty-related DA change. Thus, DA release during behavior is not uniform and in the case of novelty appears targeted to the limbic-related area of accumbal shell. Further application of these and other in vivo technologies to ambulant animals is required to identify the complex mechanisms underlying both the release of DA and its effect on neostriatal and accumbal neurons during behavior.

title: Real-time assessments of XXXX function during behavior: single-unit recording, iontophoresis, and fast-scan cyclic voltammetry in awake, unrestrained rats.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe a @entity1 who initially presented with features of @entity7375 and who eventually demonstrated symptoms of @entity693 . METHODS: An 18-year-old immunocompetent @entity1 showed a disseminated @entity1596 with patchy thickening of the posterior choroid. A clinical neurologic examination and a microbiological assessment revealed neck stiffness as well as pleocytosis, increased protein content, a decreased concentration of @entity413 and @entity2865 , and cryptococcal fungi in the cerebrospinal fluid. It led to the diagnosis of @entity1330 . RESULTS: Antifungal therapy was initiated and given for 2 months. After bilateral retrobulbar injections of 2.5 mg of @entity619 and 20 mg of @entity2995 , choroidal @entity4 regressed and visual acuity increased from 0.4 to 1.0 at 3 weeks after start of therapy. Microbiological examination of cerebrospinal fluid samples taken 30 days later was unremarkable. Ophthalmoscopy showed some fine pigment clumping and depigmentation in the macula. CONCLUSION: According to the International Nomenclature Committee for @entity7375 diagnosis, the @entity1 was diagnosed with incomplete @entity7375 because he had not suffered any @entity2194 , had not undergone ocular surgery, and presented with bilateral multifocal @entity3193 accompanied by signs of @entity693 without @entity272 . Because skin changes can occur months to years after the initial symptoms, the @entity1 may eventually fulfill the criteria for complete @entity7375 .

title: XXXX and fungal meningitis.

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular trauma']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity1330 :: ('MESH:D016919', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['mycotic meningitis', 'meningitis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity3193 :: ('MESH:D015862', 'Disease') :: ['choroiditis']

entities_list: @entity7375 :: ('MESH:D014607', 'Disease') :: ['Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease', 'Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity7375 :: (MESH:D014607,Disease) :: ['Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease']


abstract: Pityriasis @entity21361 (PRP) is an idiopathic @entity203 which can be difficult to distinguish from @entity1569 . We explored the clinical features, including background medical illnesses and potential triggers in @entity1 with PRP, and also its histomorphologic spectrum. @entity1 with PRP were selected by natural language search of dermatopathology databases containing 250,000 cases accessioned over a 3-year period. A detailed medical history was obtained on each @entity1 via office chart review and @entity1 interviews. We compared the histologic findings in skin biopsies from @entity1 with PRP to those of biopsies matched for site and age from control @entity1 with @entity1569 . Certain aspects of the clinical presentations encountered in the study group @entity1 have not been previously emphasized, including eruptions compatible with a @entity74 in 4 @entity1 . Several @entity1 had evidence of underlying iatrogenic or systemic immune dysregulatory states and certain triggers could be isolated such as emotional stress and prior exposure to microbial pathogens. Histomorphologic features predictive of PRP included follicular plugging, an increased granular cell layer, and acantholysis. While seen in a minority of biopsies of PRP, morphologic discriminators supportive of a diagnosis of @entity1569 included neutrophils in the parakeratotic scale crust, and @entity1829 capillary @entity4122 with vessels lying in direct apposition to the epidermis. Other morphologic features were encountered in biopsies of PRP which have received little emphasis in the dermatopathology literature, including @entity194 , significant dermal @entity32 , the presence of eosinophils and plasma cells within the inflammatory infiltrates, an abnormal granular cell layer, and @entity5656 , albeit none were statistically signficant predictors of PRP over @entity1569 . Nevertheless, their identification emphasizes the varied histologic spectrum of PRP. The almost ubiquitous finding of acantholysis and the presence of an abnormal granular cell layer in many biopsies of PRP suggests that abnormal keratins or defects in the retinol signalling pathway may be of pathogenetic importance.

title: The clinical and histomorphological features of XXXX . A comparative analysis with @entity1569 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity21361 :: ('MESH:D010916', 'Disease') :: ['rubra pilaris']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity5656 :: ('MESH:D017488', 'Disease') :: ['epidermolytic hyperkeratosis']

entities_list: @entity203 :: ('MESH:D003875', 'Disease') :: ['erythematous scaling eruption']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['dermal papillae']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial atrophy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['vesiculobullous disorder']

answer: @entity21361 :: (MESH:D010916,Disease) :: ['pityriasis rubra pilaris']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Sickle cell disease is a @entity74 , which affects mainly the black population. The aim of the present study was to analyze hospital admissions due to acute events resulting from @entity3458 , at the epidemiological and clinical levels. METHODS: The study population included 9,349 @entity1 with @entity3458 admitted to hospitals in Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, and Sao Paulo, between 2000 and 2002. The national hospital database of the Brazilian Healthcare System was used. Response variables were @entity204 and mean duration of hospital admission. Covariables included sex, age, type of admission, and hospital legal status. Proportions were compared using Chi-square or Fischer tests; for continuous variables, the Mann-Whitney or Kruskall-Wallis tests were used. RESULTS: Median age ranged between 11.0 and 12.0 years, and 70% of admissions were of @entity1 below age 20 years. Length of stay varied with age and type of admission. Emergency rooms were the most frequent form of admission (65.6 to 90.8%). Mortality was higher among adults. Median age of @entity204 was low (26.5 to 31.5 years). CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm the high morbidity among youngsters and show a predominance of @entity204 among young adults.

title: [Epidemiology of XXXX hospital admissions in Brazil].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary disease']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['sickle cell disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Abstract Holding oral presentations in a university course is perceived as stressful and can increase stress hormone concentrations and state @entity148 . In such a naturalistic setting, further attention should be paid to the relationship between psychological and hormonal measures of acute stress, as well as @entity1 's intake of hormonal contraceptives as a potential moderating variable. In the present study, 76 healthy students gave saliva samples before and after their oral presentations in a university course as well as on a second, control day in the same course without giving an oral presentation. @entity148 was rated on both days. @entity701 concentrations as well as state @entity148 were substantially higher on the presentation relative to the control day. During the oral presentation, an increase in @entity701 concentrations was observed, whereas a decrease occurred on the control day. Nearly the same picture emerged for both variables when looking at @entity1 , @entity1 taking hormonal contraceptives and free-cycling @entity1 separately. A positive correlation was found between the change in anticipatory state @entity148 in the presentation compared to the control day and @entity701 concentrations before and after the oral presentation. Concluding, oral presentations constitute a potent stressor and do not seem to be substantially different between @entity1 , free-cycling @entity1 and @entity1 taking hormonal contraceptives. Future studies may want to explore changes associated with specific menstrual cycle phases and with specific hormonal contraceptives.

title: Examination of XXXX and state @entity148 at an academic setting with and without oral presentation.

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anticipatory state anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['cortisol']


abstract: The choice of thresholds to diagnose @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is a topic of ongoing controversy. In 2008, the @entity4854 and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes (HAPO) study showed continuous graded relationships between increasing maternal plasma @entity413 and increasing frequency of adverse perinatal outcomes. @entity8455 (birth weight>90th percentile for gestational age), primary cesarean delivery, clinical @entity4053 and @entity3190 (cord serum C peptide>90th percentile) were all related to each of the 3 @entity413 values (fasting plasma @entity413 and at 1 and 2 hours after the 75 g oral @entity413 test). The associations were continuous with no obvious thresholds at which risks increased. The International Association of @entity6 Study Group (IADPSG) recently issued recommendations that the diagnosis of @entity6 be made when any of the following thresholds are met or exceeded: fasting plasma @entity413 : 0,92 g/L; 1 hour: 1,80 g/L; or 2 hours: 1,53 g/L after the 75 g oral @entity413 test. These criteria were chosen to identify pregnancy with increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. By the new criteria, the total incidence of @entity6677 in the HAPO population was 17, 8%. Fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG) in early pregnancy appears as an important predictive factor. Higher first trimester FPG (lower than those diagnostic of @entity6 ) are associated with increased risks of later diagnosis of @entity6677 and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Whether this new consensus will be adopted by public health bodies and professionals remains to be seen.

title: [Screening of XXXX : a new consensus?].

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes', 'Diabetes and Pregnancy', 'GDM']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity8455 :: ('MESH:D005320', 'Disease') :: ['Macrosomia']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['gestational diabetes mellitus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of arsenic trioxide as a single agent in @entity2799 cases for induction, consolidation, and maintenance therapy in a long-term, 11-year follow-up. We studied 60 @entity1 with @entity2799 . Sixty percent of the @entity1 were aged between 12 and 24   years. Arsenic trioxide was infused at a 0.15   mg/kg daily dose until complete remission was achieved. After 2   weeks of rest, arsenic trioxide was infused daily for 28   days as a consolidation therapy. Then, arsenic infusions were given every 3-4   months for 14   days for 2   years, and the @entity1 were followed until relapse or @entity204 . The rates of complete remission, disease-free survival, overall survival, and @entity137 were evaluated. The morphologic complete remission was observed in 55 out of the 60 @entity1 . The most common causes of a remission failure were early mortality because of the @entity2799 and the lack of response to arsenic treatment. The mean follow-up was 90   months. The primary outcomes for males and females were a mean disease-free survival of 101 and 97   months, respectively, and a mean overall survival of 103 and 101   months, respectively. From the 55 cases with remission, three @entity1 died (late mortality). Of the 60 @entity1 , 85% are still alive. Arsenic trioxide was generally well tolerated. The long-term follow-up of @entity1 with @entity2799 , treated with arsenic alone as induction, consolidation, and maintenance therapy, shows high cure rates and excellent outcomes. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Induction, consolidation, and maintenance therapies with arsenic as a single agent for XXXX in a 11-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity2799 :: ('MESH:D015473', 'Disease') :: ['APL', 'APL differentiation syndrome', 'acute promyelocytic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['drug toxicity']

answer: @entity2799 :: (MESH:D015473,Disease) :: ['acute promyelocytic leukaemia']


abstract: Vascularized allotransplantation of knee joints under immunosuppression is a novel approach in orthopedic surgery. During the postoperative course immunosuppressive management depends on perfusion and viability of the graft. AIM: Evaluation of different diagnostic tools in regard to their usefulness and reliability to provide information about microvascularity and viability of vascularized knee joint allografts. METHODS: Four @entity1 with allogenic knee joint transplants were studied up to 26 months after transplantation with 3-phase bone scans and SPECT. The results were compared with duplex sonography, angiography, and histology. RESULTS: Two cases without complications were characterized by adequate perfusion in duplex sonography, angiography and early bone scans. Late bone scans demonstrated increased bone metabolism of the transplant. Corresponding biopsy revealed viable bone cells. In one case with partial @entity715 and one case with complete @entity715 of the transplant vessels rapidly decreasing or missing perfusion was detected by duplex sonography, angiography, and bloodpool scintigraphy. Late bone scans showed reduced or absent bone metabolism. Biopsy demonstrated @entity39 bone tissue. Due to the advantage of a tomographic technique SPECT allowed a more reliable assessment of graft viability as compared to planar imaging. CONCLUSION: Our findings confirm bone scintigraphy as a valuable diagnostic tool in @entity1 with allogenic vascularized knee joint transplants. In contrast to other diagnostic approaches, scintigraphy provides reliable information on both viability and perfusion of the transplant within a single non-invasive clinical investigation.

title: 3-phase bone imaging and SPECT in the follow up of XXXX with allogenic vascularized knee joint transplants.

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity308 and @entity148 are common after @entity64 . There is inconclusive evidence of the benefit of psychotherapy for @entity308 and @entity148 . Here, we used a brief intervention, Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) brief therapy plus health education, to evaluate the changes in @entity1 with @entity385 . METHODS: One hundred eighty @entity1 were randomly allocated to receive 4 sessions of NLP plus health education (n  =  90) or usual care (n  =  90). A set of questionnaires was used preintervention and postintervention as well as at the 6-month follow-up. The primary outcomes were the prevalence of @entity308 and @entity148 , and the awareness of @entity64 knowledge. RESULTS: More @entity1 in the intervention group achieved remission of @entity308 (odds ratio [OR], 2.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41-5.59) and @entity1109 (OR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.15-4.18) after intervention. At the 6-month follow-up, we found no differences between groups in both the prevalence of @entity308 and @entity148 . After intervention, the intervention group had better awareness rates on most of the @entity64 knowledge items (P  <  .05). It also had better quality of life and physical function both after intervention and at the follow-up (P  <  .05). CONCLUSIONS: NLP plus health education could reduce @entity308 and @entity148 immediately after intervention, but not at the 6-month follow-up. The intervention could also improve the awareness of @entity64 knowledge and benefit @entity1 on quality of life and physical function.

title: The Effect of a Brief Intervention for XXXX with @entity385 : A Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'poststroke depression', 'depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['anxious symptoms']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: AIM: In PROactive, @entity12098 reduced the incidence of @entity204 , @entity583 and @entity64 , and significantly improved HbA1c, systolic blood pressure (SBP), @entity1674 and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)- @entity165 relative to placebo. As these glycaemic and lipid parameters are major cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, we assessed their separate contribution to the reduced incidence of CV outcomes. METHODS: @entity1 (n = 5238) with @entity164 2 @entity6 and @entity66 were randomized to 45 mg @entity12098 or placebo. Relationships among treatment, outcome (time to first event of all-cause mortality, @entity583 and @entity64 ) and 10 laboratory measurements and vital signs were investigated using log-linear models. Continuous variable measurements (percent changes from baseline to average of all postbaseline values prior to censoring) were made discrete by categorizing into tertiles. Log-linear models were fitted to multiway tables of discrete data and analysis of deviance used to summarize sources of variation in the data. RESULTS: Although @entity12098 treatment was associated with a decrease in HbA1c and an increase in HDL- @entity165 (HDL-C), only the change from baseline HDL-C predicted the outcome (  (2) = 28.89, p < 0.0001). No other variables, including HbA1c, @entity1674 and systolic blood pressure, showed significant direct associations with outcome. When the analysis was extended to include baseline statin use, this was associated with an improved outcome independently of HDL-C changes. CONCLUSIONS: This post hoc analysis suggests that HDL-C, but probably not HbA1c, is a driver of @entity12098 's favourable influence on CV outcome.

title: High-density lipoprotein- XXXX and not HbA1c was directly related to cardiovascular outcome in PROactive.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['macrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity12098 :: ('MESH:C060836', 'Chemical') :: ['pioglitazone']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To define the long-term outcome in @entity4676 ( @entity4676 ) using objective rating measures. BACKGROUND: Previous historical studies suggest spontaneous improvement of @entity1765 after adolescence, but objective longitudinal data are limited. METHODS: The authors reviewed all videotapes in their database (1978 through 1991) of @entity1 with @entity4676 (ages 8 to 14) who were seen in their tertiary care @entity717 center and underwent a standardized 5-minute filming protocol (n = 56). Through multiple contact methods, they successfully located 36 of these @entity1 , who are now adults (age >20 years), and recruited 31 (28 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 ) to volunteer for a second videotape and in- @entity1 assessment. A blinded rater evaluated the 62 tapes and rated five tic domains: body areas involved, motor and phonic tic frequency, and motor and phonic tic severity. Using standardized @entity4676 videotape rating scale and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons, the authors compared the two videotapes for each tic domain as well as the composite @entity717 score. RESULTS: Ninety percent of adult @entity1 still had @entity1775 . Adult @entity1 who considered themselves tic-free were often inaccurate in their self-assessment: 50% had objective evidence of @entity1775 . Mean objective @entity717 diminished in comparison to childhood (mean composite @entity717 score childhood 9.58 vs adulthood 7.52, p = 0.014). All domains improved by adulthood, and significant improvements occurred in motor tic severity (p = 0.008). The improvements in @entity717 did not relate to medication use, as only 13% of adults received medications for @entity1775 , compared with 81% of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity4676 , @entity1775 objectively improve over time but most adults have persistent @entity1775 .

title: Objective assessments of longitudinal outcome in Gilles de la XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'women', 'patients', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1765 :: ('MESH:D013981', 'Disease') :: ['tic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorder', 'tic disability']

entities_list: @entity4676 :: ('MESH:D005879', 'Disease') :: ['GTS', 'Gilles de la Tourette syndrome', 'GTS syndrome']

answer: @entity4676 :: (MESH:D005879,Disease) :: ['Tourette's syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: The expression of @entity470 ( @entity470 ) and @entity1 @entity1722 ( @entity1722 ) is associated with poor prognosis in sporadic @entity14 ( @entity14 ). @entity470 inhibitors are approved for the treatment of refractory @entity14 . The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of @entity470 and @entity1722 and downstream @entity3963 ( @entity3963 ) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) in non-neoplastic colonic mucosa, @entity652 and @entity189 from @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) @entity1 , exploring the expression along the @entity2513 sequence. METHODS: The expression of @entity470 , @entity1722 , phosphorylated MAPK/ @entity3963 kinase (pMEK) and phosphorylated @entity3963 (pERK) proteins was studied by immunohistochemistry in samples of @entity694 (n   =   65), @entity652 (n   =   149) and @entity420 (n   =   16) from each of the 16 @entity1412 @entity1 . RESULTS: For @entity1722 , only weak cytoplasmic expression was seen in 8% of @entity652 , 6% of @entity189 and 3% of the non-neoplastic mucosa. @entity470 was expressed in non-neoplastic mucosa, @entity652 and @entity189 with a statistically significant increase in expression in @entity652 compared with non-neoplastic mucosa (p   <   0.001). There was also a statistically significant increase in nuclear staining intensity for pERK (p   <   0.001) and pMEK (p   <   0.001) in @entity652 compared to non-neoplastic mucosa. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study investigating the expression of these receptors in non-neoplastic mucosa, @entity652 and @entity189 from @entity1412 @entity1 . @entity1722 is not upregulated in the @entity5 of @entity1412 @entity1 , while @entity470 appears to be upregulated in most @entity652 and @entity189 , with associated upregulation of pERK and pMEK. We conclude that @entity470 and downstream members of its signalling pathway, but not @entity1722 , may be potential therapeutic targets in @entity1412 @entity1 .

title: Expression of @entity470 , XXXX , phosphorylated @entity3963 and phosphorylated MEK in @entity694 of @entity1412 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity3963 :: ('5594', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal regulated kinase', 'ERK']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis coli', 'FAP']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic non-neoplastic mucosa']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1722 :: ('2064', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor 2', 'HER2']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma-carcinoma']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['HER2']


abstract: It becomes increasingly clear that therapeutic gene delivery should provide not only for the sustained high level of gene expression but also, in most cases, for the regulated expression of transgenes as much as it occurs under natural conditions. Over the past few years a variety of different systems have been developed in order to regulate the amounts of transcribed RNA upon administration of exogenous agents, or in autoregulated manner. While efforts were focused on optimizing gene expression at the transcriptional level, other levels are still overlooked. In the meantime, regulation of gene expression is not restricted to transcription, but is also executed at the post-transcriptional level, i.e. mRNA stability, processing, transport, translation, protein stability, and modification. Codon usage is considered to be one of the critical factors that limit the expression rate of heterologous genes in different organisms at the posttranscriptional level. @entity2858 structural genes gag, pol, and env represent one of the most extensively utilized models for studying codon usage-mediated effects on transgene expression. In the current work we demonstrate that the codon content affects not only @entity2834 -driven @entity2858 gag expression but also the expression of luciferase reporter gene transcribed independently from the SV40 promoter. The expression levels of both transgenes co-transfected into the @entity1 H1299 were inversely co-dependent. The observed phenomenon may be described as sequence-independent post-transcriptional gene silencing, which reflects the existing limitation of transgene expression in @entity1 cells at the post-transcriptional level. Optimization of the codon usage may provide for the additional level of regulation of transgene expression in gene transfer experiments in order to maintain the concentration of the protein at the therapeutic levels.

title: Co-influence of transgene expression in @entity1 cells. Mutual influence of transgenes on their expression in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'mammalian']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fluid administration to critically ill @entity1 remains the subject of considerable controversy. While intravenous fluid given for resuscitation may be life-saving, a positive fluid balance over time is associated with worse outcomes in @entity3124 . The aim of this systematic review is to summarise the existing evidence regarding the relationship between fluid administration or balance and clinically important @entity1 outcomes in @entity3124 . METHODS: We will search Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from 1980 to the present and key conference proceedings from 2009 to the present. We will include studies of critically ill adults and @entity1 with @entity649 ( @entity649 ), @entity295 and @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ). We will include randomised controlled trials comparing two or more fluid regimens of different volumes of fluid and observational studies reporting the relationship between volume of fluid administered or fluid balance  and outcomes including mortality, lengths of intensive care unit and hospital stay and organ dysfunction. Two independent reviewers will assess articles for eligibility, data extraction and quality appraisal. We will conduct a narrative and/or meta-analysis as appropriate. DISCUSSION: While fluid management has been extensively studied and discussed in the critical care literature, no systematic review has attempted to summarise the evidence for post-resuscitation fluid strategies in @entity3124 . Results of the proposed systematic review will inform practice and the design of future clinical trials. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42013005608. ( http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ ).

title: Fluid strategies and outcomes in XXXX with @entity649 , @entity1850 and @entity295 : a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome', 'SIRS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to describe the midterm results of extensive primary repair of the thoracic aorta by means of the modified @entity7105 trunk technique with a stent graft for acute @entity1580 , particularly the changes of the false lumen shown by enhanced computed tomographic scanning. METHODS: The subjects were 35 consecutive @entity1 who received arch replacement with open stent grafting for type A acute aortic dissection between December 1997 and April 2002. The mean follow-up period was 55 months (range, 30-83 months). Computed tomographic scanning was performed at 1, 3, 12, and 36 months postoperatively to detect @entity715 and obliteration of the false lumen after its exclusion by the stent graft. The diameter of the aorta was measured at 3 levels: the distal edge of the stent graft, the diaphragm, and the origin of the superior mesenteric artery. RESULTS: Two @entity1 died in the initial operation, but no @entity1 required additional surgical treatment of the thoracic aorta. The mean diameter of the stent grafts was 26.2 mm, and the mean length was 8.9 cm. @entity715 formation in the false lumen was recognized at the distal edge of the graft in all @entity1 , at the diaphragmatic level in 26 @entity1 , and at the superior mesenteric artery level in 15 @entity1 . Obliteration of the false lumen was recognized at the distal edge of the graft in all @entity1 , at the diaphragmatic level in 20 @entity1 , and at the superior mesenteric artery level in 15 @entity1 . The aorta distal to the stent graft showed minimal changes. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with acute type A aortic dissections, it is possible to perform extensive primary repair of the thoracic aorta with relative safety by using a synthetic graft with a self-expanding stent, and this method might reduce the necessity of further operations not only for the distal descending aorta but also for the thoracoabdominal aorta.

title: Midterm results of extensive primary repair of the thoracic aorta by means of total arch replacement with open stent graft placement for an acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'Thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['type A aortic dissection']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['type A aortic dissection']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In the intestine Hedgehog (Hh) signalling is directed from epithelium to mesenchyme and negatively regulates epithelial precursor cell fate. The role of Hh signalling in the oesophagus has not been studied in vivo. Here the authors examined the role of Hh signalling in epithelial homeostasis of oesophagus. DESIGN: The authors used @entity19 in which the Hh receptor @entity20735 ( @entity20735 ) could be conditionally inactivated in a body-wide manner and @entity19 in which @entity19990 could be induced specifically in the epithelium of the skin and oesophagus. Effects on epithelial homeostasis of the oesophagus were examined using immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridisation, transmission electron microscopy and real-time PCR. Hh signalling was examined in @entity1 with @entity957 (SCC) by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS: Sonic Hh is signalled in an autocrine manner in the basal layer of the oesophagus. Activation of Hh signalling resulted in an expansion of the epithelial precursor cell compartment and failure of epithelial maturation and migration. Levels of Hh targets @entity8889 , @entity21156 and @entity2750 were increased in SCC compared with normal tissue from the same @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Here the authors find that Hh signalling positively regulates the precursor cell compartment in the oesophageal epithelium in an autocrine manner. Since Hh signalling targets precursor cells in the oesophageal epithelium and signalling is increased in SCCs, Hh signalling may be involved in oesophageal SCC formation.

title: Hedgehog signalling stimulates precursor cell accumulation and impairs epithelial maturation in the XXXX oesophagus.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Thrombolysis for treatment of acute @entity385 should be administered as fast as possible after symptom onset. The aim of this study was to examine, in our tertiary care center, the time intervals preceding intra-arterial thrombolysis in order to accelerate and optimize the management of @entity64 . METHODS: Between January 1, 2000, and April 30, 2002, 597 @entity1 with @entity64 were admitted to our @entity64 center. One hundred forty-eight @entity1 underwent diagnostic arteriography, and 100 (16.8%) received intra-arterial thrombolysis. For all @entity1 , we prospectively recorded and analyzed the time of symptom onset, admission, CT and/or MRI scan, diagnostic arteriography, and, if performed, intra-arterial thrombolysis. RESULTS: The mean time to arrival in the emergency department was 99 minutes for @entity1 who were admitted directly (Bern @entity1 ), 127 minutes for those who were referred from community hospitals without a CT scanner (non-Bern/-CT @entity1 ), and 210 minutes for @entity1 from hospitals with imaging facilities (non-Bern/+CT @entity1 ). The mean delay from symptom onset to treatment was 234 minutes for Bern @entity1 , 269 minutes for non-Bern/-CT @entity1 , and 302 minutes for non-Bern/+CT @entity1 . The @entity1 from the last group needed longer to receive intra-arterial thrombolysis than did @entity1 who were admitted directly (P=0.002) or who were transferred from a hospital without a CT scanner (P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: This prospective study indicates that direct referral without prior imaging at community hospitals shortens the time until intra-arterial thrombolysis. In addition, our in-hospital delay preceding intra-arterial thrombolysis is longer than the delays reported for intravenous thrombolysis and indicates potential for improvement.

title: Pre- and in-hospital delays from XXXX onset to intra-arterial thrombolysis.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute strokes', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The depletion of three banned @entity9110 drugs - @entity5801 (DMZ), @entity868 (MNZ) and @entity5802 (RNZ) - was investigated in @entity12429 ( @entity12429 ) following in-water medication. The highest concentrations of residues were measured immediately after the 24-h immersion (d0). At this time, MNZ and MNZ- @entity2145 residues were measured in shrimp tissue samples at concentrations ranging from 361 to 4189 and from 0.28 to 6.6   g  kg(-1), respectively. DMZ and its metabolites HMMNI ranged in concentration between 31  509 and 37  780 and between 15.0 and 31.9   g  kg(-1), respectively. RNZ and HMMNI concentrations ranged from 14  530 to 24  206 and from 25.0 to 55   g  kg(-1), respectively. MNZ, DMZ and RNZ were the more persistent marker residues and can be detected for at least 8 days post-treatment. MNZ-OH was only detectable on d0 following treatment with MNZ. HMMNI residues were only detectable up to d1 (0.97-3.2   g  kg(-1)) or d2 (1.2-4.5   g  kg(-1)) following DMZ and RNZ treatment, respectively. The parent drugs MNZ, DMZ and RNZ were still measureable on d8 at 0.12-1.0, 40.5-55 and 8.8-18.7   g  kg(-1), respectively. The study also investigated the stability of @entity9110 residues under various cooking procedures (frying, grilling, boiling, and boiling followed by microwaving). The experiments were carried out in shrimp muscle tissue containing both high and low concentrations of these residues. Different cooking procedures showed the impact on @entity9110 residue concentration in shrimp tissue. Residue concentration depleted significantly, but partially, by boiling and/or microwaving, but the compounds were largely resistant to conventional grilling or frying. Cooking cannot therefore be considered as a safeguard against harmful @entity9110 residues in shrimp.

title: Determination of the persistence of @entity5801 , @entity868 and XXXX residues in @entity12429 ( @entity12429 ) tissue and their stability during cooking.

entities_list: @entity12429 :: ('6687', 'Species') :: ['black tiger shrimp', 'Penaeus monodon']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity9110 :: ('CHEBI:67135', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroimidazole']

entities_list: @entity5801 :: ('MESH:D004131', 'Chemical') :: ['dimetridazole']

entities_list: @entity5802 :: ('MESH:D012385', 'Chemical') :: ['ronidazole']

answer: @entity5802 :: (MESH:D012385,Chemical) :: ['ronidazole']


abstract: We are reporting 3 cases of the uterine corpus with collision of @entity4348 ( @entity4348 ) with @entity6019 ( @entity6019 ). The @entity1 ' ages ranged from 36 to 59  years old. The major clinical presentation was abnormal uterine @entity548 . Microscopically, all 3 cases presented with 2 separate components, @entity4348 Grade 1 and @entity6019 (one low grade and two high grades). The @entity4348 component ranged from 10% to 70%, and the @entity6019 component ranged from 30% to 70% of total @entity5 volume. The @entity4348 component was stage 1A in two cases and stage II in one case. The @entity6019 component was stages IA, IIB, and IIIB. Adjuvant hormonal therapy was administrated to one @entity1 while a second @entity1 was treated with chemo/radiation therapy. Two @entity1 were still alive with no evidence of disease at 4  years post-therapy. One @entity1 was lost for follow-up. @entity5 should be distinguished from @entity6962 due to its different treatment modality, outcome and, prognosis.

title: @entity4348 associated with XXXX : A rare, often unrecognized collision @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Collision tumor']

entities_list: @entity6019 :: ('MESH:D018203', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial stromal sarcoma', 'ESS']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['EAC', 'endometrioid adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6962 :: ('MESH:D002296', 'Disease') :: ['carcinosarcoma']

answer: @entity6019 :: (MESH:D018203,Disease) :: ['endometrial stromal sarcoma']


abstract: @entity656 ( @entity656 ) in @entity1 can lead to increased vascular permeability in the lungs and @entity1576 . Fibronectin plays an important role in maintaining the structural integrity of the pulmonary epithelium and endothelium. However, its importance in @entity651 has not been defined. @entity656 was produced by infusing @entity8629 (5 ug/kg/hr) in @entity35 for 8 or 24 hr. Lung injury was assessed histologically and by determining lung microvascular permeability by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) analysis. Organ distribution of a target particle given intravenously was determined by the vascular clearance of magnetic @entity1933 particles. Plasma fibronectin was measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. After 8 hr of @entity8629 infusion, serum amylase increased 8-fold. @entity788 correlated with @entity651 . BAL at 8 hr showed a 90% increase (P < 0.05) in albumin levels. Histological analysis at 8 hr revealed an increased number of leukocytes within the lungs. By 8 hr, plasma fibronectin significantly decreased 25% (P < 0.05) and the pulmonary uptake of @entity1933 increased 111% (P < 0.05). By 24 hr, these effects had nearly resolved. These results indicate that decreases in serum fibronectin and increases in pulmonary leukocyte margination during acute @entity788 may compromise the integrity of the air-blood barrier and also increase the pulmonary uptake of circulating pathogenic materials, thus making @entity651 more likely.

title: Role of fibronectin in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatitis', 'pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['Acute pancreatitis', 'AP']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury', 'pancreatitis-associated lung injury']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity8629 :: ('MESH:D002108', 'Chemical') :: ['cerulein', 'caerulein']

answer: @entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis-associated lung injury']


abstract: @entity2819 ( @entity46188 ) is a glucocorticoid produced by adrenal glands under the control of the @entity2339 . Circulating @entity46188 can enter the central nervous system and be reduced to neuroactive 3a5a-reduced @entity230 , which modulate GABAA receptors. In the dorsal spinal cord, GABAergic transmission modulates integration of nociceptive information. It has been shown that enhancing spinal inhibitory transmission alleviates @entity1931 and @entity1931 . Therefore, the spinal neuronal network is a pivotal target to counteract @entity158 symptoms. Thus, any increase in spinal 3a5a-reduced @entity134 production enhancing GABAergic inhibition should reduce nociceptive message integration and the @entity158 response. Previously, it has been shown that high levels of plasma glucocorticoids give rise to @entity1337 . However, to our knowledge, nothing has been reported regarding direct non-genomic modulation of neuronal spinal activity by peripheral @entity46188 . In the present study, we used combined in vivo and in vitro electrophysiology approaches, associated with measurement of nociceptive mechanical sensitivity and plasma @entity46188 level measurement, to assess the impact of circulating @entity46188 on @entity35 nociception. We showed that @entity46188 plasma level elevation produced @entity1337 via a reduction in @entity7183 -mediated spinal responses. In the spine, @entity46188 is reduced to the neuroactive metabolite @entity27860 , which specifically enhances lamina II GABAergic synaptic transmission. The main consequence is a reduction in lamina II network excitability, reflecting a selective decrease in the processing of nociceptive inputs. The depressed neuronal activity at the spinal level then, in turn, leads to weaker nociceptive message transmission to supraspinal structures and hence to alleviation of @entity158 .

title: @entity2819 @entity1337 is mediated by the spinal production of neuroactive metabolites that enhance GABAergic inhibitory transmission on dorsal horn XXXX neurons.

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia', 'allodynia']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity27860 :: ('MESH:C009413', 'Chemical') :: ['allotetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: In 1990, @entity1487 (FU) plus @entity7305 for 1 year became standard adjuvant treatment for @entity1 with high-risk stages II and III @entity694 . Intergroup (INT) 0089 assessed the relative contributions of @entity4181 and @entity7305 in such @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: From 1988 to 1992, 3,794 @entity1 were randomly assigned. Experimental treatment consisted of one of three chemotherapy regimens: the low-dose @entity4181 plus FU (Mayo Clinic; LDLV) regimen, the high-dose @entity4181 plus FU (Roswell Park; HDLV) regimen, and the low-dose @entity4181 plus @entity7305 plus FU (LDLV plus LEV) regimen, each administered for 30 to 32 weeks. The control arm was @entity7305 plus FU (LEV) for 1 year. RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 10 years, of 3,561 eligible @entity1 , 1,691 (47%) have died and 1,330 (37%) have experienced disease recurrence; 137 (10%) of those experiencing recurrence are still alive. A total of 481 @entity1 (13%) died without evidence of recurrence, and 1,723 (48%) are alive and disease free. Although there were @entity137 differences among the four arms, none was statistically superior in disease-free or overall survival. CONCLUSION: The 6- to 8-month regimens of LDLV and HDLV without @entity7305 used in this trial, rather than the previous standard regimen of 12 months of LEV, have become widely used. INT-0089 has long-term follow-up of the largest clinical trial of @entity1 with high-risk @entity694 , documenting not only the durability of the treatment effects, but also the natural history of @entity1 with high-risk @entity694 , and analyses of treatment based on age, race, and comorbid conditions such as @entity28 , @entity6 , and second @entity5 .

title: Phase III study of @entity1487 , XXXX , and @entity7305 in high-risk stage II and III @entity694 : final report of Intergroup 0089.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary cancers']

entities_list: @entity7305 :: ('MESH:D007978', 'Chemical') :: ['levamisole']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity4181 :: (MESH:D002955,Chemical) :: ['leucovorin']


abstract: @entity1 with the B-cell @entity5734 ( @entity5734 ) exhibit a skewed T-cell repertoire with oligoclonal expression or absence of many members of the T-cell receptor (TCR) BV gene families. To evaluate whether interferon-alpha ( @entity3027 ) therapy would not only restore normal hematopoiesis, but also the abnormal T-cell repertoire, we studied T lymphocytes from a cohort of @entity5734 @entity1 treated by @entity3027 in the past, at initiation, and at several intervals up to 6 years of @entity3027 treatment. The junctional regions from 22 TCRBV gene families were analyzed after polymerase chain reaction amplification of cDNA (RT-PCR) using family specific primers. In all seven @entity1 improvement of the skewed T-cell repertoire was not seen until 2 years of treatment. It consisted of disappearance of oligoclonal subpopulations and (polyclonal) reappearance of absent TCRBV gene families. The RT-PCR results were correlated with the TCRBV protein expression using TCRBV-specific monoclonal antibodies. T lymphocytes from four @entity1 with active @entity5734 contained large expansions of particular TCRBV-expressing cells (up to 25% of the CD3+ cells; 600 to 700/microL whole blood), which decreased during @entity3027 therapy in both @entity1 tested. Finally, restoration of the TCR repertoire matched normalization of the functional immune repertoire as measured by proliferative, helper, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursor frequencies against major histocompatibility complex-unrelated individuals. In conclusion, oligoclonal bands of TCRBV gene families found by RT-PCR correspond with a dramatic increase in circulating T lymphocytes expressing the same TCRBV family. Moreover, @entity3027 can restore the skewed T-cell repertoire and suppress persistent T-cell clones upon treatment of the accompanying @entity5 .

title: Correction of abnormal T-cell receptor repertoire during interferon-alpha therapy in XXXX with @entity5734 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5734 :: ('MESH:D007943', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy hairy cell leukemia', 'HCL']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the postoperative transfusion and complication rates of anemic and @entity2720 @entity1 given @entity927 ( @entity928 ). METHODS: A cross-sectional prospective study was conducted of primary hip and knee arthroplasty cases performed from 11/2012 to 6/2014. Exclusion criteria included revision arthroplasty, bilateral arthroplasty, acute arthroplasty after @entity174 , and contraindication to @entity928 . @entity1 were screened prior to surgery, with @entity417 was defined as hemoglobin of less than 12 g/dL for females and of less than 13 g/dL for males. @entity1 were divided into four different groups, based on the type of arthroplasty (total hip or total knee) and hemoglobin status (anemic or nonanemic). Intraoperatively, all @entity1 received 2 g of intravenous @entity928 during surgery. Postoperatively, allogeneic blood transfusion (ABT) was directed by both clinical symptoms and relative hemoglobin change. Complications were recorded within the first two weeks after surgery and included @entity1031 , @entity281 , and wound breakdown. The differences in transfusion and complication rates, as well as the relative hemoglobin change, were compared between anemic and nonanemic groups. RESULTS: A total of 232 @entity1 undergoing primary joint arthroplasty were included in the study. For the total hip arthroplasty cohort, 21% (18/84) of @entity1 presented with preoperative @entity417 . Two @entity1 in the anemic group and two @entity1 in the nonanemic group needed ABTs; this was not significantly different (P = 0.20). One @entity1 in the anemic group presented with a @entity1211 while no @entity1 in the nonanemic group had an acute complication; this was not significantly different (P = 0.21). For nonanemic @entity1 , the average change in hemoglobin was 2.73    1.17 g/dL. For anemic @entity1 , the average change in hemoglobin was 2.28    0.96 g/dL. Between the two groups, the hemoglobin difference of 0.45 g/dL was not significant (P = 0.13). For the total knee arthroplasty cohort, 18% (26/148) of @entity1 presented with preoperative @entity417 . No @entity1 in either group required a blood transfusion or had an @entity260 . For nonanemic @entity1 , the average change in hemoglobin was 1.85    0.79 g/dL. For anemic @entity1 , the average change in hemoglobin was 1.09    0.58 g/dL. Between the two groups, the hemoglobin difference of 0.76 g/dL was significant (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity928 administration results in low transfusion and complication rates and may be a useful adjunct for TJA @entity1 with preoperative @entity417 .

title: Can @entity927 change preoperative @entity417 management during XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['acute postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['nonanemic total joint arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['total joint arthroplasty']


abstract: @entity101 is one of several risk factors for @entity323 . Others include the cardiovascular risk factors of low levels of high density lipoprotein, high total @entity165 , smoking, and @entity6 . Certain antihypertensive drugs, especially the @entity2740 diuretics, can contribute to @entity323 . @entity7855 is the first oral agent available for the treatment of @entity323 . It works in @entity1 with psychogenic as well as @entity323 , including @entity1 with @entity101 and men on antihypertensive medicines. @entity7855 alone causes small drops in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. When administered to patients on antihypertensive drugs it was again associated with small drops in arterial pressure and no increase in adverse events compared to @entity1 not taking antihypertensive drugs. When @entity7855 is given in the setting of organic @entity3362 ( @entity842 donors), large falls in blood pressure may occur. @entity7855 is absolutely contraindicated in the setting of organic @entity1507 use. (c)2000 by Le Jacq Communications, Inc.

title: XXXX as a Risk for Erectile Dysfunction: Implications for @entity7855 Use.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'organic erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil', 'Sildenafil']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity2740 :: ('CHEBI:50264', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazide']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the use of a unilateral modification of the Moore pharyngoplasty in the treatment of unilateral or asymmetric @entity1739 ( @entity1739 ) and analyze the results in a consecutive series of @entity1 operated on by a single surgeon. DESIGN: Blind assessment of randomized speech and nasendoscopy recordings. SETTING: A two-site tertiary referral cleft unit. @entity1 : Eighteen consecutive @entity1 with asymmetrical or unilateral @entity1739 of varying etiology. INTERVENTIONS: A unilateral Moore pharyngoplasty was performed in all @entity1 . Three @entity1 underwent radical dissection and retropositioning of the velar muscles at the same time as the unilateral Moore pharyngoplasty. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pre- and postoperative nasality and nasal airflow using the CAPS score, assessment of nasendoscopy recordings, and the rate of further surgery. RESULTS: There was a significant improvement in @entity2422 (p =.014). There was a highly significant decrease in the size of the velopharyngeal gap on the side on which the Moore pharyngoplasty was performed (p =.004) as well as a highly significant decrease in the total gap size (p =.003). The Moore flap was effective in obliterating the lateral pharyngeal recess in 11 of 12 @entity1 (p =.004). Three @entity1 required further velopharyngeal surgery. CONCLUSIONS: In appropriately selected @entity1 , a unilateral Moore pharyngoplasty is a safe and effective treatment for unilateral or asymmetric @entity1739 . If indicated, a radical dissection and retropositioning of the velar muscles may be combined with a Moore pharyngoplasty.

title: Unilateral Moore pharyngoplasty in the treatment of unilateral or asymmetric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1739 :: ('MESH:D014681', 'Disease') :: ['VPI', 'velopharyngeal incompetence']

entities_list: @entity2422 :: ('MESH:C537724', 'Disease') :: ['hypernasality']

answer: @entity1739 :: (MESH:D014681,Disease) :: ['velopharyngeal incompetence']