abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity7662 ( @entity7662 ) on unenhanced computed tomography (CT) in acute @entity385 is a valuable clinical marker, but it remains unclear if @entity7662 reflects clot composition or @entity64 etiology. Therefore, variables independently associated with @entity7662 were identified from a large international data set of @entity1 treated with intravenous thrombolysis. METHODS: All @entity64 @entity1 undergoing intravenous thrombolysis from the Safe Implementation of Treatments in @entity64 -EAST (SITS-EAST) database between February 2003 and December 2011 were analyzed. A general estimating equation model accounting for within-center clustering was used to identify factors independently associated with @entity7662 . RESULTS: Of all 8878 consecutive @entity1 , 8375 @entity1 (94%) with available information about @entity7662 were included in our analysis. CT revealed @entity7662 in 19% of @entity1 . Median baseline National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) score was 12, mean age was 67      12  years, and 3592 (43%) @entity1 were females. @entity7662 was independently associated with baseline NIHSS (odds ratio [OR], 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10-1.12), @entity432 (OR, 5.02; 95% CI, 3.31-7.63), early ischemic CT changes (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.31-2.04), year (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02-1.12), and age (10-year increments; OR, .90; 95% CI, .84-.96). @entity64 was not associated with @entity7662 independently of baseline NIHSS. In different centers, @entity7662 was reported in 0%-50% of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This study illustrates significant variation in detection of @entity7662 among @entity64 centers in routine clinical practice. Accounting for within-center data clustering, @entity64 subtype was  not independently associated with @entity7662 ; @entity7662 was associated with the severity of @entity51 .

title: Hyperdense Cerebral Artery Computed Tomography Sign Is Associated with XXXX Severity rather than @entity64 Subtype.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Cardioembolic stroke', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity7662 :: ('MESH:D002539', 'Disease') :: ['HCAS', 'hyperdense cerebral artery sign']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vessel occlusion']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Oxidation of lipoproteins is considered to be a key contributor to atherogenesis. Antioxidants are potential antiatherogenic agents because they can inhibit lipoprotein oxidation. Radiation has been shown to increase oxidative stress leading to increased atherogenesis. This study is designed to test the potential of antioxidants to inhibit @entity731 plaque progression in balloon-denuded and -radiated @entity95 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Two groups of New Zealand white @entity95 (n=36) were fed with 1% @entity165 diet (control diet) or with 1% @entity165 diet containing a mixture of various antioxidants for 1 week. Iliac arteries in all the animals were balloon denuded and continued to fed with 0.15% @entity165 diet or 0.15% @entity165 diet containing antioxidants (antioxidant diet). Four weeks after balloon denudation one iliac artery in 12 animals from each group was radiated and all the animals were continued to be fed with the same diet. Four weeks after radiation animals were sacrificed and morphometric analysis of iliac arteries (n=12) in nonradiated and radiated animals were performed. Plaque area (PA) in the @entity95 that were fed with @entity165 diet is 0.2+/-0.12 mm2, and it is increased by 2.75-fold (P<.05) in the radiated arteries of animals fed with @entity165 diet. Plaque area in the animals fed with antioxidant diet is 50% less then the one in the animals fed with @entity165 diet. Similarly, plaque area in radiated arteries of the animals fed with antioxidant diet is 50% less then the animals fed with @entity165 diet. CONCLUSION: Antioxidants significantly attenuate @entity731 plaque progression in balloon-injured and -radiated @entity753 @entity95 .

title: Antioxidants attenuate @entity731 plaque development in a balloon-denuded and -radiated XXXX @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity753 :: (OMIM:143890,Disease) :: ['hypercholesterolemic']


abstract: A 75-year-old @entity1 presented with a slowly growing mass at the right side of the base of the tongue for 4 months. The mass was painless initially but had become very painful during preceding 4 weeks. On examination a 3 cm diameter, oval swelling was observed at the right side of the base of the tongue. It was firm in consistency, slightly tender, non-ulcerative, and with irregular surface. A deep incisional biopsy was taken from mass under general anesthesia. Histopathology report identified the mass consistent with @entity3292 . It featured typical pallisading arrangement of fascicles of spindle-shaped cells and there was no evidence of @entity5 . An absence of @entity1053 and thick hyalinized vessels ruled out @entity808 . No similar lesions were found in any other part of the @entity1 's body. He exhibited no skin pigmentation, no @entity393 , and no evidence suggestive of any @entity74 that might have been attributable to the tongue base @entity3292 . His family history was also negative. Thus, a diagnosis of isolated @entity5773 was established. The @entity1 was advised excision of the mass but he refused and lost in follow up.

title: XXXX at the Base of the Tongue: A Rare Presentation.

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['Schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity5773 :: ('MESH:D014060', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibroma of the tongue']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity3292 :: ('MESH:D009455', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibroma']

entities_list: @entity1053 :: ('MESH:D001835', 'Disease') :: ['Verocay body']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disorders']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing deficit']

answer: @entity3292 :: (MESH:D009455,Disease) :: ['Solitary Neurofibroma']


abstract: Broad toes are the classic clinical finding occurring in the feet in @entity8257 @entity1 , but few cases undergo formal radiological assessment. However, the feet in other @entity91 resulting from mutations of the @entity7991 gene have anomalies at many other sites within the feet, which raised the possibility that there may also be a wider range of anomalies other than broad big toes in the feet of those with @entity8257 . The object of this study was to assess prospectively the incidence and pattern of clinical and radiographic anomalies of the feet of @entity1 with a confirmed diagnosis of @entity8257 . Twenty-two @entity8257 @entity1 were examined both clinically and radiologically for anomalies of the feet. Clinical examination revealed broad big toes in 12 @entity1 and syndactyly in 2. Radiographs of the feet were evaluated by a radiologist with an interest in @entity1141 as well as by members of the Craniofacial team. A wider range of radiological than clinical anomalies involving the phalanges, metatarsals, and tarsals was seen. The severity of the anomalies observed ranged from normal to those resembling the feet of @entity4886 @entity1 . Only 4 @entity1 had radiologically normal feet. These radiographic findings suggest that there is a range of @entity2611 more extensive than the broad big toes, which are classically associated with @entity8257 .

title: The feet in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4886 :: ('MESH:D000168', 'Disease') :: ["Apert's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity2611 :: ('MESH:D005532', 'Disease') :: ['foot anomalies']

entities_list: @entity7991 :: ('2263', 'Gene') :: ['fibroblast growth factor receptor 2']

entities_list: @entity8257 :: ('MESH:C538582', 'Disease') :: ["Pfeiffer's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['craniosynostosis syndromes']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal dysplasia']

answer: @entity8257 :: (MESH:C538582,Disease) :: ['Pfeiffer's syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although primary care is associated with better outcomes, many individuals with serious @entity1032 do not receive general medical services. This study examined @entity1 -level factors associated with not having outpatient general medical visits among individuals with serious @entity1032 in @entity7452 . METHODS: The study analyzed administrative, pharmacy, and billing data for 56,895 Medicaid-enrolled adults with serious @entity1032 treated in community mental health clinics between October 1, 2010, and September 20, 2011. Poisson regression estimated independent associations between predictor variables and outpatient general medical visits. RESULTS: One-third of @entity1 (34%) had no outpatient general medical visits during the study. In multivariate analyses, younger adults (ages 18-27) were less likely than older groups to have such a visit (adjusted relative risk [ARR]=1.07 and 1.19, respectively, for ages 28-47 and 48-67). @entity1 were more likely than @entity1 to have such a visit ( @entity5262 .29). Compared with whites, blacks were less likely to have an outpatient general medical visit (ARR=.93). Rural dwellers were less likely than urban dwellers to have such a visit (ARR=.64). @entity1 with drug or @entity285 use disorders were less likely than those without such disorders to have an outpatient general medical visit (ARR=.95), and those with @entity161 were less likely than those with any other @entity146 examined to have such a visit. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with serious @entity1032 had low use of outpatient general medical services. Integrated care models are needed to engage these individuals and eliminate disparities in morbidity and mortality.

title: Nonpsychiatric Outpatient Care for Adults With Serious XXXX in @entity7452 : Who Is Being Left Behind?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Persons', 'Women', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity7452 :: ('MESH:D004670', 'Disease') :: ['California']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['Mental Illness']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the real effect of @entity10955 , a kind of T lymphocyte activators which were derived from lymphocytes, on the acute rejection process in heart and liver transplantation in @entity35 . METHODS: Male (body weight 200 - 250 g) 1A ( @entity10171 ) and LEW (RT1( @entity35 were selected as donors and recipients, respectively. Heterotopic heart transplantation (in abdomen) and orthotopic liver transplantation were performed as the acute rejection model group (experimental group); LEW (RT1(l))-->LEW (RT1(l)) as donors and recipients to establish isografts transplantation as the control group. Animals were sacrificed on day 1, 3, 5, 7 and graft specimens were collected. Microarray, immunohistochemistry and Western-blotting methods were used to detect the expressions of @entity10955 , @entity5041 and @entity3692 , etc. 48 @entity35 were divided evenly into two groups and each time-point consisted of 6 @entity35 . RESULTS: Acute rejections which were clarified by pathological findings and animal manifestations were found 3 days after operation in the experimental group. The early expression of @entity10955 was found on endothelial cells in allografts 1 day after operation in contrast to @entity5041 , which expressed lately and only be found on inflammatory cells including lymphocytes and Kupffer cells 3 days after graft implantation. The result of INF-gamma was the same as that of @entity5041 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity10955 appeared earlier in heart and liver allografts than @entity5041 and @entity3692 in @entity35 acute rejection model, and the expression site differed from the later two. @entity10955 participated in acute rejection reaction earlier in this process and the pathway may be different from @entity5041 and @entity3692 . Early blocking this pathway combined with other blockade would have a promising result in control of the progression of acute rejection.

title: [The role of @entity10955 in the process of acute rejection in liver and heart transplantation in XXXX ].

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Serum @entity880 was used to predict the severity and outcome of neonatal @entity2806 ( @entity2806 ) before the era of @entity2332 ( @entity2332 ). There is no report on neurodevelopment (ND) outcome of neonates with @entity2806 treated with @entity2332 in Taiwan. METHODS: Between April 2011 and December 2012, newborn @entity1 admitted to Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (CGMH), with gestational age  >  35 weeks and birth weight  >=   1800  g, who had acute perinatal events, evidence of significant fetal compromise, and ongoing clinical @entity75 were prospectively enrolled for @entity2332 . Whole body cooling method was used to maintain the affected neonate's esophageal temperature at 33.5      0.5  C for 72 hours. Demographic data were recorded and hemogram, biochemical parameters, serum @entity880 , and @entity908 kinase (CK) were measured as well. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed between 7 and 14 days of life. ND outcome of @entity1 was evaluated by Bayley Scales of @entity1 Development, third edition (BSID-III) at 24 months of corrected age. @entity11702 ( @entity11702 ) outcome was defined as @entity1 surviving with either disability or ND delay. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 were enrolled. Fifty-nine percent of babies (10/17) were born through cesarean section and 77% of babies (13/17) were transferred from outside hospitals. Six babies were moderate @entity2806 and 11 babies were severe @entity2806 . Among the 14 surviving @entity1 , eight @entity1 had @entity11702 outcome. There was no difference in demographic data between @entity1 with and without @entity11702 . Serum level of @entity880 (mg/dL) after 72 hours of @entity2332 was higher (35.6 vs. 13.8, p  =  0.042) in @entity1 with @entity11702 . Neonates with abnormal brain MRI findings were also associated with @entity11702 (p  =  0.01). CONCLUSION: This is the first report on ND outcome of neonates with @entity2806 treated with @entity2332 in Taiwan. Higher serum level of @entity880 following @entity2332 and abnormal results of brain MRI are associated with poor ND outcome.

title: Serum @entity880 , Brian Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Outcome of Neonatal @entity2806 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Infant', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy', 'HIE']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['TH', 'therapeutic hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['Therapeutic Hypothermia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relative incidence of @entity2220 is increasing and some @entity1 with @entity2 , detected at an early stage, still develop recurrent disease despite complete resection of the @entity5 . Recently, neuroendocrine differentiation in large cell @entity2 has been reported to be of prognostic significance. Therefore, we have evaluated the prognostic significance of neuroendocrine differentiation in @entity2220 . METHODS: A total of 90 resected specimens of @entity2220 measuring 3 cm or less (T1 N0 M0 or T2 N0 M0) were reviewed histologically and immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine the degree of neuroendocrine differentiation. RESULTS: Seven @entity420 exhibited neuroendocrine differentiation in 10% or more of @entity5 cells. The disease-free survival rate for these @entity1 was significantly lower than that of @entity1 with @entity5 exhibiting neuroendocrine differentiation in less than 10% of @entity5 cells or with absent neuroendocrine differentiation (p < 0.0005). Other conventional pathologic factors such as vascular invasion (p < 0.0005), lymphatic invasion (p < 0.05), and @entity456 (p < 0.05) were also of prognostic significance. In multivariate analysis, the presence of 10% or more neuroendocrine marker-positive @entity5 cells, vascular invasion, and lymphatic invasion were found to be significantly adverse prognostic factors (p = 0.0162, p = 0.0111, and p = 0.0173, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Neuroendocrine differentiation of @entity5 cells is a prognostic factor in @entity2220 . It is suggested that the identification of neuroendocrine differentiation as well as vascular invasion by @entity5 in small peripheral @entity2220 may predict the prognosis of these @entity1 .

title: Prognostic significance of neuroendocrine differentiation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the lung', 'lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma of the lung']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural involvement']

answer: @entity2220 :: (MESH:C538231,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the lung']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Robotic-assisted surgery is a technological advancement that facilitates the application of minimally invasive techniques for complex operations in gynecological oncology. The objective of this article is to review the literature regarding the role of robotic-assisted surgery to treat @entity1 with @entity5 . The majority of publications on robotic surgery are still retrospective or descriptive in nature, however, the data for managing @entity1 with a robotic assisted approach shows comparable, and at times an improved outcomes compared to both laparoscopy (2D) and laparotomy approaches. Robotic-assisted surgery has been used for @entity1 with @entity1204 and resulted in the increased utilization of minimally invasive surgery with improved outcomes compared to laparotomy and partially to laparoscopy. This has been demonstrated in large cohorts of @entity1 as well as in the @entity28 @entity1 , where the complication rates have significantly decreased. For early cervical @entity5 , robotic radical hysterectomy seems to be safe and feasible and to be preferable to laparotomy with seemingly comparable oncologic outcomes. Robotic-assisted surgery and conventional laparoscopy to stage @entity1 with @entity43 seem to have similar surgical and oncological outcomes, with a shorter learning curve for robotic-assisted surgery. However robotic-assisted surgery appears to be more expensive than laparotomy and traditional laparoscopy. In conclusion, robotic-assisted surgery appears to facilitate the surgical approach for complex operations to treat @entity1 with @entity5 . Although randomized controlled trials are lacking to further elucidate the equivalence of robot-assisted surgery to conventional methods in terms of oncologic outcome and @entity1 ' quality of life, the technology appears to be safe and effective, and could offer minimally invasive approach to a much larger group of @entity1 .

title: Robot-assisted surgery in Gynecologic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['early stage ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gynecological cancers', 'gynecologic cancers', 'cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancers']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Surfactant nebulisation is a promising alternative to surfactant instillation in newborns with the @entity649 . Although less surfactant is deposited in the lung, it improves gas exchange, probably due to a superior distribution. We hypothesize that a more uniform distribution of nebulised surfactant results in a more uniform pulmonary blood flow and consequently a more efficient gas exchange. We asked whether the pulmonary blood flow changes after surfactant replacement, and to what extent pulmonary blood flow is influenced by the amount of surfactant deposition. Furthermore, we investigated whether sufficient nebulised surfactant is deposited in the lungs to achieve a sustained improvement in lung function. INTERVENTIONS: Surfactant was nebulised or instilled, or saline was nebulised, in 18 lung-lavaged @entity95 . After 2 h the @entity95 were weaned from mechanical ventilation to continuous positive airway pressure, 40% @entity26 . We measured blood gasses, dynamic lung compliance, surfactant distribution using 99m @entity1136 nanocoll label, and the pulmonary blood flow distribution, using microspheres. RESULTS: Partial pressure of @entity26 in arterial blood and lung compliance were significantly higher after surfactant nebulisation than after saline nebulisation. Surfactant instillation gave a superior effect with respect to these variables. Nebulised surfactant was distributed more uniformly over the lungs than instilled surfactant. Although pulmonary blood flow changed over time, it remained uniformly distributed following both modes of surfactant treatment. Surfactant deposition was neither strongly related to pulmonary blood flow nor strongly related to the change in blood flow. CONCLUSIONS: Although nebulised surfactant is uniformly distributed, we can provide no evidence that this results in a more uniform pulmonary blood flow distribution. Therefore, other than a superior surfactant distribution, no additional reason was found for the efficient gas exchange after nebulisation.

title: Surfactant nebulisation: lung function, surfactant distribution and pulmonary blood flow distribution in lung lavaged XXXX .

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1136 :: ('MESH:D013667', 'Chemical') :: ['technetium']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1004 ( @entity1004 ) is a common form of violence experienced by pregnant @entity1 and is believed to have adverse mental health effects postnatally. This study investigated the association of @entity308 ( @entity308 ) and suicidal ideation with emotional, physical and sexual @entity1004 experienced by @entity1 during pregnancy. METHODS: Data were collected from 842 @entity1 interviewed postnatally in six postnatal clinics in Harare, Zimbabwe. We used the World Health Organization versions of @entity1004 and Centre for Epidemiological Studies - Depression Scale measures to assess @entity1004 and @entity308 respectively. We derived a violence severity variable and combined forms of @entity1004 variables from @entity1004 questions. Logistic regression was used to analyse data whilst controlling for past mental health and @entity1004 experiences. RESULTS: One in five @entity1 [21.4% (95% CI 18.6-24.2)] met the diagnostic criteria for @entity308 symptomatology whilst 21.6% (95% CI 18.8-24.4) reported postpartum suicide thoughts and 4% (95% CI 2.7-5.4) reported suicide attempts. Two thirds (65.4%) reported any form of @entity1004 . Although individual forms of severe @entity1004 were associated with @entity308 , stronger associations were found between @entity308 and severe emotional @entity1004 or severe combined forms of @entity1004 . Suicidal ideation was associated with emotional @entity1004 . Other forms of @entity1004 , except when combined with emotional @entity1004 , were not individually associated with suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION: Emotional @entity1004 during pregnancy negatively affects @entity1 's mental health in the postnatal period. Clinicians and researchers should include it in their conceptualisation of violence and health. Further research must look at possible indirect relationships between sexual and physical @entity1004 on mental health.

title: High-frequency intimate partner violence during pregnancy, XXXX and suicidal tendencies in Harare, Zimbabwe.

entities_list: @entity1004 :: ('MESH:C563733', 'Disease') :: ['Intimate partner violence', 'IPV']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['postnatal depression', 'PND']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['postnatal depression']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although historically restricted from combat roles, @entity1 suffer from combat-related @entity130 , especially in recent conflicts where asymmetrical warfare erases distinctions between forward and rear operating areas. U.S. servicewomen who sustained combat-related injury in @entity7441 ( @entity7441 ) or @entity7441 ( @entity7441 ) between January 2003 and May 2014 were identified from the Expeditionary Medical Encounter Database. Injuries were characterized using Abbreviated Injury Scale and International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision codes. Of the 844 combat-related @entity130 in @entity1 , 51% (n = 433) were @entity130 and 49% (n = 411) were @entity130 . Blast events were responsible for 90% of @entity130 . The average Injury Severity Score was 3, with no statistical difference in means between @entity7441 and @entity7441 . Of significance were @entity542 in @entity7441 compared with @entity7441 (80% vs. 48%; p < 0.001). Although the majority of combat-related @entity130 suffered by @entity1 were mild, some @entity1 suffered life-threatening @entity130 , and nearly 65% of the @entity130 resulted in more than one injury. More research is needed as the roles of @entity1 in the military continue to expand. Future studies will investigate quality of life outcomes and gender differences in combat-related @entity130 .

title: Characterization and Comparison of Combat-Related Injuries in @entity1 During @entity7441 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7441 :: ('MESH:D056987', 'Disease') :: ['OIF', 'Operation Iraqi Freedom', 'Operation Enduring Freedom', 'OEF']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['increased head injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['OIF injuries', 'injuries', 'injury episodes', 'OEF injuries']

answer: @entity7441 :: (MESH:D056987,Disease) :: ['OEF']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate current patterns of management and outcomes of intermittent distance @entity5770 [X(T)] in the UK. METHODS: This was an observational cohort study which recruited 460 @entity1 aged < 12 years with previously untreated X(T). Eligible subjects were enrolled from 26 UK hospital ophthalmology clinics between May 2005 and December 2006. Over a 2-year period of follow-up, clinical data were prospectively recorded at standard intervals from enrolment. Data collected included angle, near stereoacuity, visual acuity, control of X(T) measured with the Newcastle Control Score (NCS), and treatment. The main outcome measures were change in clinical outcomes (angle, stereoacuity, visual acuity and NCS) in treated and untreated X(T), 2 years from enrolment (or, where applicable, 6 months after surgery). Change over time was tested using the chi-square test for categorical, Wilcoxon test for non-parametric and paired-samples t-test for parametric data. RESULTS: At follow-up, data were available for 371 @entity1 (81% of the original cohort). Of these: 53% (195) had no treatment; 17% (63) had treatment for reduced visual acuity only (pure @entity2516 and @entity4457 ); 13% (50) had non surgical treatment for control (spectacle lenses, occlusion, prisms, exercises) and 17% (63) had surgery. Only 0.5% (2/371) @entity1 developed constant @entity5770 . The surgically treated group was the only group with clinically significant improvements in angle or NCS. However, 8% (5) of those treated surgically required second procedures for overcorrection within 6 months of the initial procedure and at 6-month follow-up 21% (13) were overcorrected. CONCLUSIONS: Many @entity1 in the UK with X(T) receive active monitoring only. Deterioration to constant @entity5770 , with or without treatment, is rare. Surgery appears effective in improving angle of X(T) and NCS, but rates of overcorrection are high.

title: The improving outcomes in intermittent XXXX study: outcomes at 2 years after diagnosis in an observational cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity5770 :: ('MESH:D005099', 'Disease') :: ['exotropia']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

answer: @entity5770 :: (MESH:D005099,Disease) :: ['exotropia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: PC12 cells, derived from @entity35 @entity1911 , express neuronal nicotinic @entity934 receptors (nAchRs) and P2X purinergic receptors, both of which resemble the receptors in postganglionic sympathetic neurons. The former is the established and the latter is the putative receptor to mediate fast synaptic transmission. The authors investigated effects of thiopental on these two ligand-gated ion channels. METHODS: Whole cell currents were recorded in PC12 cells without treatment of nerve growth factor, using conventional whole cell patch clamp technique. @entity1239 or @entity855 ( @entity855 ) 30 microM was applied for 4-5 s in the absence or presence of thiopental 3-300 microM. RESULTS: @entity1239 induced the rapidly decaying inward current at -60 mV, which exhibited the characteristics of the neuronal nAchR-mediated current. Thiopental inhibited the @entity1239 -induced inward current and accelerated the current decay in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in the greater effects on the steady current than the peak current. IC50s for the peak and steady current were 56.7 and 7.4 microM, when the anesthetic was coapplied with @entity1239 . Thiopental's inhibition was not associated with a change in the reversal potential and was voltage-independent at membrane potential of -30 to -70 mV. Most of thiopental's effects seemed to require channel opening. In contrast to the @entity1239 -induced current, thiopental had little effect on the current elicited by @entity855 . CONCLUSIONS: Thiopental, whose reported EC50 for general anesthesia is 25 microM, inhibited the neuronal nAchR-mediated current but not the P2X receptor-mediated response in PC12 cells at clinically relevant concentrations. Inhibition may result in suppression of synaptic transmission in sympathetic ganglia.

title: Differential effects of thiopental on neuronal nicotinic XXXX receptors and P2X purinergic receptors in PC12 cells.

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine', 'nicotine']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the applicability of culture supernatant of @entity1 amniotic cells on @entity540 ( @entity540 )-induced @entity7499 . METHODS: @entity1 amniotic epithelial and mesenchymal cells (AC) were obtained from @entity1 amniotic membranes by digesting with collagenase and maintained in serum-containing medium. The AC preparations predominantly contained cytokeratin-positive cells (91.2 +/- 3.1%, n = 4). The culture supernatant was prepared by cultivating AC in serum-free medium for 24 hours. Neovascularization was obtained by a micropocket assay with @entity55206 pellets containing @entity540 . Migration assay was carried out by a double-chamber method using @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Cell growth assay was done by @entity98 assay using HUVEC. RESULTS: @entity540 -induced @entity7499 was significantly reduced by administration of AC culture supernatant. When either control or AC culture supernatant was administered three times per day for 10 days, the area with @entity2295 was 13.2 +/- 3.2 mm2 and 4.0 +/- 1.4 mm2 for the control and AC culture supernatant-treated eyes, respectively (n = 7, p = 0.021). AC culture supernatant strongly inhibited @entity540 -induced @entity4222 and cell growth of HUVEC. CONCLUSIONS: Amniotic cell culture supernatant contains potent @entity2295 . This effect is explained in part by inhibition of @entity4222 and cell growth of vascular endothelial cells. AC culture supernatant may be applicable for treatment of @entity2687 with @entity2295 .

title: Suppression of XXXX by culture supernatant of @entity1 amniotic cells.

entities_list: @entity7499 :: ('MESH:D016510', 'Disease') :: ['corneal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['migration']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization', 'inhibitors of neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['Basic fibroblast growth factor', 'bFGF', 'basic fibroblast growth factor']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal diseases']

answer: @entity7499 :: (MESH:D016510,Disease) :: ['corneal neovascularization']


abstract: To investigate the susceptibilities of fungal and @entity1 cells to @entity2379 ( @entity11015 ), @entity11015 -loaded @entity6579 (LPC)micelles as drug delivery vehicles were incubated at 37 degrees C with @entity2434 vesicles containing different @entity3150 as model systems for fungal and @entity1 cells. The binding and kinetics of @entity11015 to @entity3150 in the membranes were judged by UV-visible spectroscopy. In the 91% monomeric form, @entity11015 interacted rapidly with @entity12364 and slowly with @entity14952 ( @entity14952 ), while it did not interact with @entity165 . In the 50% monomeric form, @entity11015 formed complexes more rapidly with @entity12364 or @entity14952 than in the monomeric form, whereas it did not still interact with @entity165 . The interaction was also characterized by resonance energy transfer between the fluorescent probe @entity27956 ( @entity27956 ) and @entity11015 . In the 91% monomeric form, @entity11015 caused initial fluorescence quenching in bilayer membranes containing any @entity5068 as well as @entity5068 -free bilayer membranes due to the release of @entity11015 and its incorporation within the membranes. However, a second phase of increasing fluorescence was found in the case of @entity12364 alone. On the other hand, in the 47% monomeric form, @entity11015 gave a biphasic intensity profile in membranes containing any @entity5068 as well as @entity5068 -free membranes. However, the extent of the second phase of increasing fluorescence intensity was markedly dependent upon @entity5068 composition. Studies using @entity5068 -containing vesicles provide important insights into the role of the aggregation state of @entity11015 in its effects on cells.

title: Susceptibilities of phospholipid vesicles containing different XXXX to @entity2379 -loaded lysophosphatidylcholine micelles.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity12364 :: ('MESH:D004875', 'Chemical') :: ['ergosterol']

entities_list: @entity6579 :: ('MESH:D008244', 'Chemical') :: ['lysophosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity14952 :: ('MESH:C016705', 'Chemical') :: ['7-dehydrocholesterol', '7-DHC']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity27956 :: ('MESH:C033628', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethylammonium diphenylhexatriene', 'TMA-DPH']

answer: @entity3150 :: (MESH:D013261,Chemical) :: ['sterols']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relation between mechanical distension of the gut and the sensory response is poorly understood. The current experimental study aimed to examine the sensory response in the @entity1 oesophagus during on-line recording of the luminal pressure, cross-sectional area (CSA) and sensory rating using different distension rates before and during relaxation of the smooth muscle. METHODS: An impedance planimetric probe for bag distension of the oesophagus was used in 13 healthy subjects aged 43 +/- 15 years. Ramp distensions were done with an electromechanical pump using infusion rates of 10, 25 and 50 ml/min, with and without relaxation of the smooth muscle with @entity10444 . The sensory intensity was measured using a 0-10 visual analogue scale (VAS), with 5 as the @entity158 threshold. The pump was reversed at 8 on the scale, corresponding to medium @entity158 intensity, and the pressure, volume, tension and CSA were evaluated. Finally, three isovolumetric experiments where the CSA was held constant for 2 min at initial VAS ratings of 3, 5 and 7 were performed. RESULTS: A total of 104 distension profiles were investigated. The volume at maximal @entity158 intensity (VAS = 8) increased as a function of the distension rate (P < 0.001), whereas the pressure, tension and CSA were not affected. When the smooth muscle was relaxed, there was a 29% fall in pressure at maximal @entity158 intensity (P = 0.004), a 27% fall in tension (P = 0.003), whereas @entity870 did not change (P = 0.3). When the pressure was recorded as a function of the sensory intensity, there was an exponential increase after the @entity158 threshold was reached, whereas the stimulus-response functions for tension, volume and CSA were nearly linear. In the isovolumetric experiments the ratings during the three sensory intensities were the same in the individual subjects, but the between-individual @entity158 response was variable, probably reflecting individual differences in adaptation/central integration. CONCLUSIONS: The study allowed us to assess the strain-rate dependency of both perception and biomechanical properties in the oesophagus. It was demonstrated that the @entity158 response was related to the CSA (and hence strain), independently of the contractile state of the muscle and biomechanical behaviour of the tissue. The findings support the fact that the @entity158 -sensitive mechanoreceptors in the @entity1 oesophagus depend on circumferential wall stretch rather than on pressure, tension and volume. The model should be used in future studies to investigate whether changes in strain are responsible for the oesophageal sensation in health and disease.

title: Controlled mechanical distension of the XXXX oesophagus: sensory and biomechanical findings.

entities_list: @entity10444 :: ('MESH:D002086', 'Chemical') :: ['butylscopolamine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the characteristics of new users of @entity1924 in Europe with the aim to support the evaluation of its benefit/risk as used in regular clinical practice before the implementation of labeling changes recommended by the European Medicines Agency. METHODS: New users of @entity1924 were identified in populations enrolled in five European health automated databases in the UK ( @entity283 [ @entity283 ]), Spain (EpiChron cohort and Information System for the Improvement of Research in Primary Care [SIDIAP]), Sweden (National Registers), and Germany (German Pharmacoepidemiological Research Database [GePaRD]) between 2002 and 2012. New users were characterized according to the prevalence of @entity65 and other comorbidities, concurrent use of interacting medications, new contraindications, duration of use, and potential off-label prescribing. RESULTS: We identified 22  593 new users of @entity1924 . The median age was between 68.0 ( @entity283 ) and 73.7 (Sweden) years. More than 78% of users had concomitant @entity65 , and between 78.8% (GePaRD) and 91.6% ( @entity283 ) were treated with interacting medications. Prevalence of new cardiovascular contraindications ranged from 1.5% ( @entity283 ) to 11.6% (GePaRD), and concurrent use of two or more antiplatelet drugs ranged from 6.3% (SIDIAP) to 13.5% (EpiChron cohort). Between 39.4% (Sweden) and 52.9% ( @entity283 ) of users discontinued @entity1924 in the first 3  months. Between 41.0% (SIDIAP) and 93.4% ( @entity283 ) were considered to have received @entity1924 according to the European Medicines Agency labeling. CONCLUSIONS: In this collaborative European study, most @entity1924 users were elderly @entity1 with a high prevalence of @entity65 and other comorbidity and concurrent use of interacting drugs, indicating that this is a vulnerable population at high risk of complications, especially cardiovascular events.    2017 The Authors. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Published by John Wiley _ Sons Ltd.

title: Characterization of new users of XXXX in the UK, Spain, Sweden, and Germany.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['THIN', 'The Health Improvement Network']

entities_list: @entity1924 :: ('MESH:C045645', 'Chemical') :: ['cilostazol']

answer: @entity1924 :: (MESH:C045645,Chemical) :: ['cilostazol']


abstract: Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are conserved signalling modules that regulate responses to diverse extracellular stimuli, developmental cues and environmental stresses. A MAPK is phosphorylated and activated by a MAPK kinase (MAPKK), which is activated by an upstream protein kinase, such as Raf, Mos or a MAPKK kinase. @entity6771 , a MAPKK in the @entity375 @entity375 , is required for two developmental pathways: mating and invasive (filamentous) growth. @entity5677 and Fus3, the MAPK targets of @entity6771 , are required for mating, but their role in @entity851 has been unclear. Because no other @entity375 MAPK has been shown to function in @entity851 , it was proposed that @entity6771 may have non-MAPK targets. We show instead that @entity5677 is the principal target of @entity6771 in the invasive-growth response in both haploids and diploids. We demonstrate further that @entity5677 in its inactive form is a potent negative regulator of @entity851 . @entity6771 acts to relieve this negative regulation by switching @entity5677 from an inhibitor to an activator. These results indicate that this MAPK has a physiologically important function in its unactivated state. Comparison of normal and MAPK-deficient cells indicates that @entity1568 starvation and activated Ras stimulate filamentous growth through both MAPK-independent and MAPK-dependent means.

title: Inhibitory and activating functions for MAPK XXXX in the @entity375 filamentous-growth signalling pathway.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['invasive growth']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'S. cerevisiae']

answer: @entity5677 :: (852931(Tax:4932),Gene) :: ['Kss1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity161 are known to be impaired in masking tasks, but the mechanisms underlying their deficits are still elusive. Our study was intended to examine attentional effects, which have a known impact on masking in healthy volunteers but have only rarely been explored in relation to masking in @entity1 . METHODS: We compared focused versus divided attention in 18 control subjects and 18 @entity1 using forward and backward masking tasks. In the conventional masking task, subjects had to locate one target among four possible locations. Presentation of one target allows attention to be focused, in contrast with the divided attention task in which two targets were presented either in the same hemifield or different hemifields. RESULTS: Our results reproduce @entity1 ' deficits in forward and backward masking tasks but only when one target is presented. We show that control subjects benefit from focused attention, much more so than @entity1 . Furthermore, @entity1 ' performance is identical to that of control subjects in backward masking when targets are presented across hemifields. This performance equalization was checked to ensure it was not due solely to the redundancy of signals (two vs. one). We achieved this by comparing performance when two targets were presented in the same vs. across hemifields, the latter yielding a greater redundancy gain. CONCLUSIONS: From the results, it is unlikely that redundancy can account for the whole pattern of results, which suggest instead that @entity71 play a role in backward @entity73 in @entity1 .

title: Attention and masking in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['masking impairments']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention deficits']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: The angiopoietin (Ang)/ @entity1886 system is exclusively involved in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. @entity2327 is known to inhibit @entity2326 -mediated phosphorylation of @entity1886 as well as cellular responses during embryonic development. Recent studies have demonstrated that @entity2327 has angiogenic activities in adult tissues and cultured endothelial cells. In the present study, we examined the downstream signaling pathways involved in @entity2327 -mediated cellular responses by @entity19 brain capillary cell line, IBE cells. @entity1886 was @entity669 phoshorylated by @entity2327 . @entity2327 showed no effect on proliferation, but stimulated chemotaxis and tube-like structure formation. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) was activated by @entity2327 through @entity17223 and was involved in chemotaxis toward @entity2327 . @entity2327 also activated c-Fyn in IBE cells. Cells expressing kinase-inactive c-Fyn attenuated @entity2327 -induced tube formation, suggesting that c-Fyn was responsible for @entity2327 -mediated tube formation. Collecting these data, @entity2327 activates @entity17223 and c-Fyn, leading to migration and tube formation by @entity19 capillary endothelial cells.

title: Angiopoietin 2 stimulates migration and tube-like structure formation of @entity19 brain capillary endothelial cells through XXXX and c-Fyn.

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity17223 :: (14159(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['c-Fes']


abstract: AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate the procedural feasibility and short-term durability of the transcatheter tricuspid valve edge-to-edge repair technique in highly symptomatic @entity1 with severe @entity997 ( @entity997 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: Eighteen consecutive @entity1 suffering from severe @entity712 (NYHA Class III-IV), primarily due to moderate to severe @entity997 , were included in the study. Applying a modified steering technique for the clip delivery system, six @entity1 were treated for isolated severe @entity997 , while 12 @entity1 were treated for moderate to severe @entity997 and concomitant severe @entity339 . The primary objectives were procedural success, defined as reduction of at least one @entity997 grade, and 30-day echocardiographic and clinical outcomes. A total of 41 clips (2.3  0.7 per @entity1 ) were placed into the tricuspid valve of high surgical risk @entity1 (EuroSCORE II: 10  8%). Procedural success was achieved in all @entity1 ; no MACCE occurred in hospital. The presence of a @entity997 grade >= 3 was reduced from 94% (17 @entity1 ) before the procedure to 33% (six @entity1 ) at 30-day follow-up (p<0.001). Sixteen @entity1 (89%) reported an improvement in NYHA functional class at 30 days. CONCLUSIONS: Applying a modified steering technique, the edge-to-edge repair technique can be successfully used for the treatment of @entity997 . At 30-day follow-up, the short-term durability of @entity997 reduction appeared promising and the majority of @entity1 improved clinically. Further studies with larger @entity1 populations and longer follow-up have to define the role of this novel treatment option for @entity1 with @entity712 and severe @entity997 .

title: Transcatheter treatment of severe XXXX using the edge-to-edge repair technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['right-sided heart failure']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['TR', 'tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

answer: @entity997 :: (MESH:D014262,Disease) :: ['tricuspid regurgitation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Rates of overweight and @entity28 are on the rise globally, and excess adipose tissue may contribute to elevations in @entity32 during pregnancy, leading to pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate @entity1386 and @entity32 in young @entity1 as predictors of @entity32 in the third trimester of pregnancy in a community-based sample of healthy @entity1 . METHODS: Female @entity1 (24-30 y) in a prospective observational cohort study (Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey) were contacted between 2009 and 2014 to identify new pregnancies. A total of 309 @entity1 provided data from 409 pregnancies. An in-home interview was scheduled for the third trimester to collect pregnancy information, anthropometric measurements, and a blood sample. Circulating @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) was measured with a high-sensitivity immunoassay. Data collected from assessments in 2005 and 2009 were used to assess body mass index (BMI) and @entity1851 in young adulthood, before pregnancy. Robust regression models were implemented to evaluate BMI and @entity1851 in young adulthood as predictors of pregnancy @entity1851 . RESULTS: Pre-pregnancy BMI was a stronger predictor of third-trimester circulating @entity1851 than BMI in the third trimester. No association was found between pregnancy weight gain and @entity1851 . Pre-pregnancy @entity1851 was a significant predictor of @entity1851 in pregnancy, independent of BMI. CONCLUSIONS: Levels of overweight/ @entity28 and @entity32 in young adulthood, before pregnancy, are important predictors of @entity32 in the third trimester of pregnancy. These results may have implications for addressing the growing concern about the contribution of @entity28 to adverse birth outcomes, and they suggest that factors that influence the regulation of @entity32 , before pregnancy and independent of @entity1386 , may be important in shaping the inflammatory response to pregnancy.

title: @entity1386 and XXXX in Young @entity1 Predict Inflammation during Normal Pregnancy in the Philippines.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['Chronic Inflammation']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity157 and @entity201 (cHCC-CC) is rare. This study investigated the clinicopathological features of cHCC-CC and compared the postresection survival outcomes of cHCC-CC, @entity157 ( @entity157 ), and @entity1419 ( @entity1419 ). METHODS: Between January 2000 and September 2012, 53 @entity1 with cHCC-CC underwent @entity5 resection, accounting for 1.1  % of surgeries for primary @entity409 . Control groups included @entity1 with @entity157 (n   =   1452) and @entity1419 (n   =   149) who underwent R0 resection of stage I/II @entity5  <=5  cm. RESULTS: Mean @entity5 diameter of cHCC-CC group was 5.5        2.9  cm, and single @entity5 was identified in 50. Pathological classification included combined (n   =   41), mixed (n   =   11), and double (n   =   1) @entity5 . The 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year @entity5 recurrence rates were 60.8, 71.8, 80.7, and 80.7  %, respectively. The 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year overall survival rates were 73.3, 35.6, 30.5, and 11.1  %, respectively. @entity5 recurrence and @entity1 survival did not differ significantly according to AJCC @entity5 staging and histological type (all p   >=    0.2). @entity5 recurrence rates did not differ significantly between the cHCC-CC, @entity157 , and @entity1419 groups (p   =   0.43), whereas differences in survival rates were significant (p   =   0.000), with a median survival after @entity5 recurrence of 8, 51, and 6  months, respectively (p   =   0.000). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with cHCC-CC showed similar recurrence rates to those of control @entity1 with @entity157 and @entity1419 , whereas their survival outcomes were worse than those of control @entity157 @entity1 because of poor responses to recurrence treatment. Further evaluation of differences in @entity5 characteristics and @entity5 biology is necessary to accurately predict the prognosis of @entity1 with cHCC-CC.

title: Postresection Outcomes of Combined XXXX , @entity157 and @entity1419 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver malignancies']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1419 :: ('MESH:C535533', 'Disease') :: ['IHC', 'intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma', 'Combined hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Hepatocellular Carcinoma-Cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We report the case of a  82-year-old @entity1 who was admitted to our institution with acute @entity662 , @entity390 , and @entity391 . Because of @entity955 with intermittent @entity1168 , a  single-chamber pacemaker was implanted 4  years ago. The initial 12-lead ECG showed @entity955 with a  heart rate of 70   bpm, narrow QRS, and T  -wave inversions in the inferolateral leads. @entity453 was excluded by immediate cardiac catheterization. A  subsequent ECG three hours later showed a  ventricular paced rhythm. During the subsequent clinical course, @entity299 markers remained normal. However, serum amylase and lipase levels were 5  times above the normal range. According to these clinical findings, acute @entity788 was the most likely diagnosis. Abdominal ultrasound excluded pancreatic @entity39 and @entity5990 . Initial treatment consists of fasting, @entity158 control, and intravenous fluids with resolution of symptoms after a  few days. The @entity1 could be discharged 7  days later. In conclusion, the observed ECG findings in combination with @entity662 are suggestive for @entity741 mandating immediate cardiac catheterization. However, acute @entity788 might present with the aforementioned ECG changes and symptoms. The case was further complicated by a  distinct electrocardiographic memory effect due to intermittent ventricular pacing.

title: [Acute @entity662 and new ECG changes in pacemaker XXXX : A  clinical challenge].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstones']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac injury']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To make an open assessment of the efficacy and tolerance of @entity2810 in a population of @entity1 with drug resistant partial @entity410 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We did an open multicentric study, in Spain, in which @entity1 with @entity302 treated with one or more drugs were also given @entity2810 . The main objective of the study was to determine the initial dose and titration of the drug and secondly to evaluate its efficacy and safety. We recorded data on the etiology of the @entity410 , their frequency and type and the occurrence of adverse effects. The study took place over a period of one year during which there were five appointments for consultation (after six weeks, three months, six months, nine months and one year). RESULTS: We initially included 1,010 @entity1 of which 941 fulfilled the selection criteria. The average age was 32.2 years. The aetiology was symptomatic in 45%. 61.7% of the @entity1 had had previous treatment with three or more anti @entity302 drugs. The doses were changed at a rate of 5mg/day per week. The average dose of @entity2810 reached during the maintenance phase was 34mg/day. 9.9% of the @entity1 who were followed up for one year (426) had no @entity410 after the second consultation (when the maintenance dose of @entity2810 was reached). 35% of those who came to their final consultation appointment had had no @entity410 in the previous three months. 81.7% of the @entity1 followed up for a year had an overall reduction in the number of @entity410 of over 50% between the first and last consultations. An over 50% reduction in @entity410 was seen in both those of 12 25 years and the 26 65 years old (75% and 73.1% respectively) whilst 86.7% of the @entity1 aged over 65 years also had this degree of improvement. 48.5% of the @entity1 had some type of adverse effect during the study. Somnolence was the commonest side effect (28.2% of the @entity1 ), followed by dizziness (21.5%). In most cases the adverse effects were transient or mild (tolerable). During the study 104 @entity1 had their treatment with @entity2810 stopped (11.1%) for intolerance and 113 @entity1 (12%) because it was ineffective. No @entity1 had non @entity159 . CONCLUSION: @entity2810 is an effective, well tolerated drug when used as additional treatment in @entity1 with @entity302 .

title: [An open study of @entity2810 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'partial epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['convulsive status epilepticus']

entities_list: @entity2810 :: ('MESH:C059205', 'Chemical') :: ['Tiagabine', 'tiagabine']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['partial epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Exercise is considered a protective factor in the prevention of type 2 @entity6 , although its role as a sole treatment for @entity6 remains unknown. The present meta-analysis compared the effect of exercise-only with exercise-diet interventions on plasma @entity413 levels among a pre- @entity6 population. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases. The Cochrane Collaboration tool was used to assess the quality of each trial. Two reviewers independently performed quality assessment of all included articles. A random effects model was used to calculate the pooled effect. RESULTS: A total of 4021 @entity1 from 12 studies were included in this meta-analysis, 2045 of them were in the intervention group and 1976 were in the control group. Compared with the exercise-only interventions, the exercise-diet interventions showed a significant effect on decreasing fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG) levels, with a @entity353 ( @entity353 ) =-0.22 mmol/l, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.25, -0.18 (Z=12.06, P<0.05). The subgroup effect of exercise-only interventions did not produce a statistically significant result ( @entity353 =-0.09 mmol/l, 95% CI: -0.18, 0.00, Z=1.91, P>0.05). According to the intervention periods, the pooled effect in the    2-year group was the highest, and its @entity353 (95% CI) was -0.24   mmol/l (-0.43,-0.05). The pooled effects were statistically significant among the elderly and those of American and European descent, with @entity353 (95% CI) being -0.19   mmol/l (95% CI: -0.22, -0.15), -0.17   mmol/l (-0.21,-0.12) and -0.22   mmol/l (-0.27, -0.17), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence from published trials indicates that exercise-diet interventions showed a significant effect on decreasing FPG levels.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition advance online publication, 2 September 2015; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2015.128.

title: Comparison of control fasting plasma @entity413 of exercise-only versus exercise-diet among a pre- XXXX population: a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['WMD', 'weighted mean difference']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['pre-diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Bevacizumab ( @entity1493 ) is commonly used for treating recurrent @entity463 ( @entity463 ), and wound healing is a well-established adverse event. Retrospective analysis of @entity463 @entity1 with and without wound healing complications while on @entity1493 treatment is reported. 287 @entity1 identified, majority were males (60  %) with median age of 52.5  years. 14 cases identified with wound healing problems, related to either craniotomy (n  =  8) or other soft tissue wounds (n  =  6). Median duration of @entity1493 treatment to complication was 62  days (range 6-559). Majority received 10  mg/kg (n  =  11) and nine (64.3  %) were on corticosteroids, with median daily dose of 6  mg (range 1-16  mg) for median of 473  days before starting @entity1493 . For dehisced craniotomy wounds, median time for starting @entity1493 from last surgery was 29  days (range 27-345). Median time from starting @entity1493 to developing wound complication was 47  days (range 16-173). Seven (87.5  %) had infected wounds requiring antibiotics, hospitalization. Four (50  %) required plastic surgery. @entity1493 stopped and safely resumed in 6 (75  %) @entity1 ; median delay was 70  days (range 34-346). Soft tissue wounds included @entity6227 , dehisced striae, herpes simplex, @entity130 to hand and back, and abscess. Median time from starting @entity1493 to wound issues was 72  days (range 6-559). Five (83.3  %) were infected, requiring antibiotics. While three (50  %) required hospitalization, none required plastic surgery. Treatment stopped in five (83.3  %) and restarted in two (median delay 48  days, range 26-69). @entity532 are uncommon but associated with significant morbidity. Identifying those at risk and contributing factors warrants further investigation.

title: @entity532 in brain tumor XXXX on Bevacizumab.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Wound healing complications']

entities_list: @entity6227 :: ('MESH:D003668', 'Disease') :: ['decubitus ulcer']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We have designed this method for the comprehensive and adequate analysis of neurotransmitters and metabolites including @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) and @entity1877 in specific brain nuclei. In physiological and pharmacological studies, the role of specific neurotransmitters in the central nervous system (CNS) has often been studied by microinjection of their agonist and antagonist into the target regions, with the action and role of the transmitter in question being deduced in a relatively straightforward manner from the results. However, none of these studies have investigated fluctuation in neurotransmitter and metabolite contents in response to a variety of stimuli in vivo. No comprehensive analysis of neurotransmitters in small specific area in the CNS has been undertaken due to the difficulties of proper analysis of @entity1617 and @entity1877 . Different types of neuronal systems in the CNS affect each other. Thus, it is not necessarily clear that different types of neurons do in fact respond to an administered agonist and antagonist. For example, dopaminergic neuron mediated control of cholinergic interneuron in the striatum and dopaminergic regulation of cortical @entity1617 release have been documented. Similarly, the cholinergic system affects dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons. Intraventricular administration of an @entity1617 esterase inhibitor, @entity1339 , increases @entity935 and @entity1063 release in the hypothalamus. So, an adequate comprehensive analysis of the transmitters and the metabolites in the same tissue sample provides valuable aid to clarify what types of neurons truly respond to the administered drugs and the excitation of physiological events. For an appropriate analysis we employed a microwave device, which made the estimation of @entity1617 and @entity1877 possible. In addition to this, we employed a punch technique for the microdissection of the specific nuclei and area from the brain slice.

title: Comprehensive analysis of neurotransmitters and their metabolites including @entity934 and XXXX in rat brain nuclei.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity1339 :: ('MESH:D009388', 'Chemical') :: ['neostigmine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1877 :: (MESH:D002794,Chemical) :: ['choline']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity355 undergoes malignant transformation in 0.5-1% of @entity1 per year following the sequence of low-grade @entity1141 , high-grade @entity1141 and @entity420 . The aim of the present study was to present our experience in the surgical treatment of @entity355 with high-grade @entity1141 . @entity1 AND METHOD: Of a group of 128 @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity355 , 8 (6.2%) developed high-grade @entity1141 during a median follow-up of 7 years (2-25). A further 5 @entity1 with high-grade dysplaing out side the study were referred for evaluation and surgical treatment. Eight @entity1 were under medical treatment with @entity4546 (40 mg daily) while the remaining 5 @entity1 had undergone open Nissen fundoplication, with a diagnosis of high-grade @entity1141 at a median of 5 years (1-16) after treatment initiation. After confirmation of the diagnosis by a second pathologist and tumoral staging, transthoracic esophagectomy with @entity254 at the apex of the thorax was performed in all @entity1 . RESULTS: Postoperative mortality was nil. Morbidity was 36% (5 @entity1 ). Definitive histological analysis of the surgical specimen revealed high-grade @entity1141 in 7 @entity1 (54%) and @entity420 in 6 (46%). All @entity1 remain alive after a median follow-up of 4.7 years (1-14). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity355 with high-grade @entity1141 , the best therapeutic option is surgical resection, which can be performed with nil mortality in experienced centers. In almost half of surgical @entity1 , the surgical specimen shows @entity420 . Five-year survival is higher than 90%.

title: [Surgical treatment of high-grade @entity1141 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's esophagus']


abstract: In the uterus of the newborn @entity35 , only the luminal epithelium is differentiated. Differentiation of musculature and glandular epithelium occurs postnatally, the latter originating as invaginations of the luminal epithelium into the stroma. Using unambiguous criteria for quantification of uterine glands, we find that uterine glands first appear on postnatal day 9 after which the increase in the number of glands is rapid and synchronous, with approximately 4.4 glands per uterine section reached by day 15. Between days 15 and 35, the number of glands per uterine section varied in a cyclic manner with an amplitude of approximately one gland per uterine section and a period of 6-7 days. Although exogenous @entity53 (E2) administered on postnatal days 1-5 induced slight premature gland genesis, the number of glands per uterine section was approximately 30% lower between days 15-26 compared to untreated animals. Administration of E2 during the period of normal gland genesis (days 10-14) induced a dose-related delay in the onset of appearance of glands. After this, gland genesis proceeded at a normal rate; however, the maximum levels reached were again generally below those observed in untreated controls. E2 administered after uterine glands were established (days 20-24) induced a small increase in gland number compared to controls. E2 also induced temporary @entity1184 , @entity1373 , and cellular degeneration in the luminal epithelium during each of the dosing periods without corresponding changes in the stroma or myometrium. These data demonstrate that uterine gland genesis occurs between postnatal days 9-15 and that exogenous @entity172 can alter, in an age-specific manner, both uterine gland genesis and the number of glands per uterine section.

title: The postnatal ontogeny of @entity35 uterine glands and age-related effects of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17 beta-estradiol']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['17 beta-estradiol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Over one-third of @entity0 survivors experience @entity717 . Black @entity1 present with factors associated with greater @entity717 , including: increased body mass index (BMI), more @entity1442 stage at diagnosis, and varying treatment type compared with Whites. No prior research has evaluated the relationship between race and @entity717 using validated tools and controlling for these factors. Data were drawn from a survey study among 610 @entity1 with stage I-III hormone receptor positive @entity0 . The disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (QuickDASH) is an 11-item self-administered questionnaire that has been validated for @entity0 survivors to assess global @entity2045 function over the past 7  days. Linear regression and mediation analysis estimated the relationships between race, BMI and QuickDASH score, adjusting for demographics and treatment types. Black @entity1 (n  =  98) had 7.3 points higher average QuickDASH scores than White (n  =  512) @entity1 (p  <  0.001). After adjusting for BMI, age, education, @entity5 treatment, months since diagnosis, and aromatase inhibitor status, Black @entity1 had an average 4-point (95  % confidence interval 0.18-8.01) higher QuickDASH score (p  =  0.04) than White @entity1 . Mediation analysis suggested that BMI attenuated the association between race and disability by 40  %. Even several years post-treatment, Black @entity0 survivors had greater @entity717 , which was partially mediated by higher BMIs. Close monitoring of high BMI Black @entity1 may be an important step in reducing disparities in @entity5 survivorship. More research is needed on the relationship between race, BMI, and @entity717 .

title: Black XXXX survivors experience greater @entity717 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['upper extremity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['upper extremity disability']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In addition to staging, the identification of prognostic factors is important for predicting survival in @entity1 with @entity418 after esophagectomy. The present study was performed to document the prognostic role of total lesion glycolysis (TLG) in postoperative @entity1 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 50 @entity1 with @entity1721 who underwent surgical resection and complete lymph node dissection after positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT). A volume of interest was drawn on the @entity75 and suspected metastatic lymph nodes, and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic @entity5 volume (MTV), TLG of the @entity75 (TLGp), and whole-body TLG (TLGwb) were measured using an SUV cutoff of 2.5. RESULTS: The study population included 50 @entity1 with a mean age of 63.14    8.18 years: 12 (24%) were reported as stage I, 13 (26%) as stage II, and 25 (50%) as stage III. The median follow-up period was 20.46 months, and recurrences occurred in 17 @entity1 . The mean SUVmax, MTV, TLGp, and TLGwb were 11.11    6.40, 20.47    22.88, 122.54    180.98, and 129.37    193.66, respectively. On the multivariate analysis, TLGp was a risk factor for @entity66 ( @entity66 ) [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.002, p = 0.026], and TLGwb was a risk factor for @entity66 (HR = 1.002, p = 0.021) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) (HR = 1.002, p = 0.044). The 3-year @entity1349 rates were 66.1% in @entity1 with low TLGwb (<=  41.45) and 33.3% in those with high TLGwb (>41.45; p = 0.004). The concordance index of the TLGwb was 0.752 (95% CI 0.659-0.845). CONCLUSION: TLGwb is a significant prognostic factor for @entity1349 and @entity66 in @entity1 with surgically treated @entity1721 .

title: The prognostic value of total lesion glycolysis via 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET-CT in surgically treated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DFS', 'disease-free survival']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1721 :: (MESH:C562729,Disease) :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: We report two cases with complete form of @entity473 (CAVCD) accompanied by @entity1467 whose pulmonary vascular resistance (Rp) were more than 10 Wood unit.m2 at the age of less than 6 months. One @entity1 was 3-month-old @entity1 whose Rp was 12 Wood unit.m2. The open lung biopsy at 3 months old showed histopathological change of Heath-Edwards grade I. He underwent intracardiac repair at the age of 4 months. He is doing well at 30 months of postoperative period. Another @entity1 was 5-month-old @entity1 whose Rp was 15.5 Wood unit.m2. Histopathological change of lung at 5 months old demonstrated Heath-Edwards grade III. She underwent intracardiac repair at the age of 7 months, 2 months after lung biopsy. However, she died of @entity120 7 days after surgery. The postmortem examination revealed that @entity3885 progressed during 2 months interval between the lung biopsy and the operation. In conclusion, cardiac catheterization with estimation of Rp should be performed in the cases of CAVCD, especially in those with @entity1467 , in early infancy. If Rp is more than 10 Wood unit.m2 and lung biopsy indicates the surgical indication, surgical intervention should be done as soon as possible since the @entity3885 may progress in a short period.

title: [Two cases of complete XXXX whose pulmonary vascular resistance were over 10 wood unit.m2 before 6 months of age].

entities_list: @entity473 :: ('MESH:C563240', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular canal defect']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['oversystemic pulmonary hypertension and low output syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vascular obstructive disease']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ["Down's syndrome"]

answer: @entity473 :: (MESH:C563240,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular canal defect']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mild-moderate @entity101 during pregnancy is common. Antihypertensive drugs are often used in the belief that lowering blood pressure will prevent progression to more severe disease, and thereby improve outcome. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of antihypertensive drug treatments for @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity101 during pregnancy. SEARCH STRATEGY: Relevant trials were identified in the register of trials maintained by the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group. In addition, the Cochrane Controlled Trial Register, MEDLINE, and EMBASE were searched. Date of last search: October 2000. SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomised trials evaluating any antihypertensive drug treatment for mild to moderate @entity101 during pregnancy, defined whenever possible as systolic blood pressure 140-169 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure 90-109 mmHg. Comparisons were of one or more antihypertensive drug(s) with placebo, with no antihypertensive drug, or with another antihypertensive drug, and where treatment was planned to continue for at least seven days. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were extracted independently by two reviewers. MAIN RESULTS: Overall, this review includes 40 studies (3797 @entity1 ), 24 of which compared an antihypertensive drug with placebo/no antihypertensive drug (2815 @entity1 ). There is a halving in the risk of developing severe @entity101 associated with the use of antihypertensive drug(s) [17 trials, 2155 @entity1 ; relative risk (RR) 0.52 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41 to 0.64); risk difference (RD) -0.09 (-0.12 to -0.06); number needed to treat (NNT) 12 (9 to 17)] but little evidence of a difference in the risk of @entity1468 [19 trials, 2402 @entity1 ; RR 0.99 (0.84 to 1.18)]. Similarly, there is no clear effect on the risk of the baby dying [23 trials, 2727 @entity1 ; RR 0.71(0.46 to 1.09)], preterm birth [12 trials, 1738 @entity1 ; RR 0.98 (0.85 to 1.13)], or small for gestational age babies [17 trials, 2159 @entity1 ; RR 1.13 (0.91 to 1.42)]. There were no clear differences in any other outcomes. Seventeen trials (1182 @entity1 ) compared one antihypertensive drug with another. There is no clear difference between any of these drugs in the risk of developing severe @entity101 , and @entity644 / @entity1468 . Other antihypertensive agents seem better than methyldopa for reducing the risk of the baby dying [14 trials, 1010 subjects, RR 0.49 (0.24 to 0.99); RD -0.02 (-0.04 to 0.00); NNT 45 (22 to 1341)]. Other outcomes were only reported by a small proportion of studies, and there were no clear differences. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: It remains unclear whether antihypertensive drug therapy for mild-moderate @entity101 during pregnancy is worthwhile.

title: Antihypertensive drug therapy for mild to moderate XXXX during pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: The role of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in @entity1 with solid @entity5 is slowly evolving. MIS appears to be an ideal way to obtain diagnostic information (i.e., tissue biopsy) in @entity1 with solid @entity5 , but its role as an ablative/curative technique is controversial. We examined the safety, reliability, and outcome of decisions made on the basis of MIS performed in @entity1 with solid @entity5 . A total of 28 @entity1 (19 @entity1 and nine @entity1 ; age range, 14 months to 17 years) with solid @entity5 underwent 29 MIS procedures between July 1, 2000 and June 30, 2002. Complications, biopsy results, and outcomes were reviewed. Successful ablation via MIS was defined as clear microscopic margins on permanent pathology and no evidence of remnant disease on follow-up diagnostic radiological examination. There were 20 thoracoscopic and nine laparoscopic procedures. Laparoscopy included purely diagnostic without tissue biopsy or simply determination of resectability (two), incisional biopsy (two), and excisional biopsy (five; two adrenalectomy and three oophorectomy). Thoracoscopy included 15 lung biopsies and five biopsies of mediastinal masses. Diagnostic accuracy was 100 per cent in all cases. MIS as an ablative technique was successful in 10 of 10 cases. No @entity1 were found retrospectively to have been inadequately treated via MIS. We conclude that MIS can be used safely and successfully to diagnose @entity1 with suspicious solid @entity5 . Furthermore MIS may have a role as an ablative/curative technique in carefully selected circumstances.

title: Minimally invasive surgery for pediatric solid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girls', 'children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The decision to take @entity34 ( @entity34 ) is a choice many @entity1 encounter when entering menopause. The purpose of this study was to examine the choice to take @entity34 while participating in a lifestyle intervention to reduce cardiovascular risk through the menopause. METHODS: The @entity1 's Healthy Lifestyle Project is a randomized clinical trial designed to examine whether a behavioral lifestyle intervention can decrease the expected rise in cardiovascular risk through the menopause. @entity1 (N = 535) completed questionnaires and were interviewed regarding menopausal symptoms, menopausal status, hot flashes, and @entity34 use at baseline and 54 months. RESULTS: The intervention was successful in preventing risk elevation through the 54-month visit. At the final visit, there was no difference between the intervention and control groups in the percentage who had become postmenopausal (32.9% vs 35.0%, respectively), there was no difference between control and intervention with @entity34 use, with 31.2% reporting use of @entity34 , and there was no difference between groups with menopausal symptoms. The @entity1 started @entity34 an average of 6 months after they missed a period. Baseline risk factors did not predict @entity34 use at the 54-month visit. CONCLUSIONS: A sizable number of @entity1 reported @entity34 use. The decision to use @entity34 was not influenced by the lifestyle intervention or their baseline cardiovascular risk, and these @entity1 started @entity34 very early in the peri- to postmenopause. Further, weight loss in the perimenopause did not affect menopausal symptoms.

title: Hormone replacement therapy use and menopausal symptoms among XXXX participating in a behavioral lifestyle intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['HRT', 'hormone replacement therapy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1615 tends to be complicated with spine and ribcage deformities. In addition to the coronal curvature, among the features of @entity1635 , @entity764 , @entity717 , cardiac compression and an aortic left shift are also observed. Aorta is known to shift in a leftward direction, especially at the mid-thoracic level. The cause of aortic left shift in @entity1635 is not known. To clarify the features of a @entity85 , especially the relationship of the aortic left shift and the flat @entity764 , we investigated the CT scan images of @entity1635 @entity1 . METHODS: For the measurement of @entity1635 @entity1 , the pre-operative CT scans of 22 @entity1 with @entity1514 were recruited. For controls, 25 age-matched non- @entity1635 @entity1 were recruited. The aortic location, the @entity717 angle and chest depth were measured by CT scan. The chest depth was defined as the smallest inner chest cavity depth between the anterior vertebral body and the anterior inner chest wall. RESULTS: @entity764 in @entity1635 @entity1 was found to be significantly narrower than the control group at every thoracic level, from T6 to T11. The aortic left shift was significantly larger in @entity1635 @entity1 at all measured levels. The chest depth correlated with an aortic leftward shift (r = 0.49). The aortic location was found to be correlated with the @entity717 angle (r = -0.52), and the @entity717 angle correlated with the thoracic side curvature (r = 0.61) CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1635 , an aortic left shift correlated with both @entity764 and the @entity717 .

title: Aortic location and flat XXXX : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis', 'right thoracic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['non-congenital right thoracic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['flat chest', 'chest in scoliosis', 'Chest depth']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ribcage rotation']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis deformity']

answer: @entity764 :: (MESH:D013898,Disease) :: ['chest in scoliosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Persistent hoarseness due to recurrent @entity2895 (RLNP) reduces the quality of life unless it is adequately treated. This study examined the indications for phonosurgical intervention in @entity1 with RLNP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of the Ehime University Hospital, Ehime, Japan, from October 1976 until December 1997 were reviewed retrospectively to identify @entity1 with RLNP. The data collected included age, gender, paralyzed side, and cause of @entity912 . RESULTS: Four hundred and sixty-six @entity1 with RLNP were identified: 262 males and 204 females. Unilateral RLNP was present in 422 @entity1 , while 44 presented with bilateral RLNP. The incidence was relatively high in the 7th and 8th decades, and was twice as high in male @entity1 as in female @entity1 . The 466 @entity1 were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 included 225 @entity1 seen before January 1987, and Group 2 included 241 @entity1 seen after this date. The number of @entity1 with postoperative RLNP was significantly higher in Group 2 (124 of 239 @entity1 ) than in Group 1 (65 of 227 @entity1 ) (P<0.05). Surgery for @entity65 , @entity418 , and skull base and @entity259 contributed to this increased incidence of postoperative RLNP. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with persistent unilateral RLNP require appropriate treatment for hoarseness, regardless of its cause. Since the incidence of RLNP related to surgery was significantly increased in Group 2, phonosurgery has become more important for improving the quality of life of these @entity1 .

title: Causes of recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2895 :: ('MESH:D015840', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal nerve paralysis']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid gland tumors']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity2895 :: (MESH:D015840,Disease) :: ['laryngeal nerve paralysis']


abstract: We carried out a retrospective analysis of 283 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity3377 in our hospital, which serves almost 5.5 million inhabitants in Southeastern Anatolia in @entity233 . Our study focuses on the frequency of complications in cases with @entity3377 across different age groups. @entity1 were classified into three groups according to age: less than 15 years old (group A), 15-45 years old (group B) and over 45 years old (group C). Of 283 @entity1 , 138 (49%) were female and 145 (51%) male. Fifty-three (19%) were younger than 15 years old (group A), 178 (63%) were 15-45 (group B), and 52 (18%) were over 45 (group C). When the distribution of all cases was examined according to months of the year, an increase was seen in June. @entity532 were the most frequent, found in 195 (69%) cases, followed by cutaneous (17%), genitourinary (8%), nervous (7%), respiratory (5%) and hematological (4%) complications. Treatment failed in 15 @entity1 (5%), owing to true relapse in ten and to non-compliance and @entity137 in the other five. Two hundred seventy-two @entity1 received medical treatment alone and 11 required medical and surgical treatment as well (9 @entity1511 and 2 @entity2401 ). Complications in @entity3377 were frequent because 25% of all @entity1 with @entity3377 had more than one complication, more so in group C (38%) than in group A (28%) or B (20%). @entity1503 in childhood; osteoarticular and @entity299 in adults; and genitourinary, @entity16 in middle aged were more prominent. In conclusion, the frequency of brucella complications was variable in different age groups in Southeastern Anatolia of @entity233 . Since @entity3377 is a preventable disease, knowledge and early diagnosis of the complications are especially important. Therefore, population education and medical precautions are necessary to prevent the harmful effects of brucella and its complications. In addition, primary health care physicians should be alerted regarding the clinical and laboratory findings of brucella complications.

title: Complications of @entity3377 in different age groups: a study of 283 cases in southeastern Anatolia of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['drug side effects']

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological and gastrointestinal complications']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoarticular complications']

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Cutaneous, hematological and respiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac complications']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: 1. Concentrations of @entity3776 and @entity16749 were studied in islets of Langerhans isolated from @entity35 pancreas and incubated in the presence of various agents that induce insulin release. 2. In response to rising concentrations of extracellular @entity413 (2-10mm) there is a linear increase in the intracellular concentration of @entity3776 , though this is not the case for @entity16749 , the intracellular concentration of which only increases when the external @entity413 concentration exceeds 5mm. 3. @entity11243 , @entity6212 and @entity1792 , all of which promote insulin secretion from isolated islets, increase the intracellular concentrations of @entity3776 and @entity16749 . The results obtained in the presence of @entity6212 and @entity1792 are compatible with an inhibitory effect of @entity1792 on islet-cell phosphofructokinase. 4. Theophylline and glucagon when incubated with islets in vitro promote insulin release and cause a rise in @entity16749 concentration and not in that of @entity3776 . 5. It is suggested that the further metabolism of @entity3776 through a pathway other than glycolysis is essential for insulin release. One such pathway involves its oxidation to @entity16749 , which seems to be a necessary accompaniment of insulin secretion due to @entity413 . The possibility that agents other than @entity413 promote insulin release by enhancing the oxidation of @entity3776 through this pathway is discussed.

title: Islet-cell metabolism during insulin release. Effects of @entity413 , @entity1792 , @entity6212 , XXXX , glucagon and theophylline.

entities_list: @entity6212 :: ('MESH:C031492', 'Chemical') :: ['octanoate']

entities_list: @entity16749 :: ('MESH:C008884', 'Chemical') :: ['6-phosphogluconate']

entities_list: @entity11243 :: ('MESH:D014044', 'Chemical') :: ['Tolbutamide']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity3776 :: ('MESH:D019298', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose 6-phosphate']

answer: @entity11243 :: (MESH:D014044,Chemical) :: ['tolbutamide']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Digital @entity1066 (DUs) are often a primary end point in @entity785 ( @entity785 ) clinical trials, although the reliability of rheumatologists grading DUs is poor to moderate at best. DU assessment in recent trials has been based upon visual inspection alone, which potentially misses 'real-world' clinical contextual information. Our aim was to investigate whether this clinical information improves the reliability of rheumatologists grading DUs. A secondary aim was to assess agreement between @entity1 and rheumatologists. METHOD: Eighty images of a range of digital lesions were collected from @entity1 with @entity785 with the clinical context: @entity158 (severity and temporal relationship), lesion duration and discharge ( @entity1 reported and clinician observed). Raters received all images either with or without the clinical context, and graded these images (using a custom-built interface) on an ordinal scale of severity: 'no @entity1066 ', 'inactive @entity1066 ' or 'active @entity1066 '. @entity1 also graded their lesion/s on the same scale. RESULTS: Fifty-one rheumatologists from 15 countries completed the study (26 without and 25 with context): 4590 (including 510 repeated) image gradings were obtained. Context did not significantly increase (without and with context) either intra- (0.64,0.71) or inter-rater (0.32,0.36) reliability. @entity158 (VAS and temporal relationship) and discharge ( @entity1 reported and clinician observed) were associated with increased lesion severity, and duration with reduced severity. Agreement between individual @entity1 and rheumatologists was poor without and with context (0.19,0.28). CONCLUSION: The overall intra and inter-rater reliability of DU grading did not significantly improve with the clinical context. Agreement between @entity1 and rheumatologists was poor. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Does the clinical context improve the reliability of rheumatologists grading digital @entity1066 in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['systemic sclerosis']