abstract: BACKGROUND: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is an effective treatment in @entity2646 ( @entity2646 ). In most @entity1 , the optimal IVIg dose and regime is unknown. Polyvalent immunoglobulin (Ig) G form idiotypic/anti-idiotypic antibody pairs in serum and IVIg preparations. We determined IgG dimer levels before and after IVIg treatment in @entity2646 @entity1 with the aim to explore their utility to serve as a surrogate marker for treatment response. METHODS: IgG was purified from serum of five controls without treatment, as well as from serum of 16 @entity2646 @entity1 , two @entity1 with @entity4894 ( @entity4894 ), and one @entity1 with @entity1737 before and after treatment with IVIg. IgG dimer levels were determined by size exclusion chromatography. IgG dimer formation was correlated with clinical response to IVIg treatment in @entity2646 . Re-monomerized IgG dimer fractions were analyzed for immunoreactivity against peripheral nerve tissue. RESULTS: IgG dimer levels were significantly higher in post- compared to pre-IVIg infusion samples. Low post-treatment IgG dimer levels in @entity2646 @entity1 were associated with clinical worsening during IVIg treatment. Re-monomerized IgG dimer fractions from @entity2646 @entity1 showed immunoreactivity against peripheral nerve tissue, whereas similarly treated samples from @entity4894 @entity1 showed immunoreactivity against GQ1b. CONCLUSION: Assessment of IgG dimer levels could be a novel approach to monitor @entity2646 @entity1 during IVIg treatment, but further studies in larger cohorts are warranted to explore their utility to serve as a potential therapeutic biomarker for IVIg treatment response in @entity2646 .

title: XXXX ( @entity2646 ): change of serum IgG dimer levels during treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2646 :: ('MESH:D020277', 'Disease') :: ['CIDP', 'chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity4894 :: ('MESH:D019846', 'Disease') :: ['MFS', 'Miller Fisher syndrome']

answer: @entity2646 :: (MESH:D020277,Disease) :: ['Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy']


abstract: @entity1 noroviruses (NoV) are the leading cause of @entity697 worldwide. Epidemiological studies of outbreaks have suggested that @entity391 facilitates transmission of @entity1 NoV, but there have been no laboratory-based studies characterizing the degree of NoV release during a @entity391 event. The purpose of this work was to demonstrate that virus aerosolization occurs in a simulated @entity391 event, and to estimate the amount of virus that is released in those aerosols. A simulated @entity391 device was constructed at one-quarter scale of the @entity1 body following similitude principles. Simulated vomitus matrices at low (6.24 mPa*s) and high (177.5 mPa*s) viscosities were inoculated with low (108 PFU/mL) and high (1010 PFU/mL) concentrations of bacteriophage @entity23493 and placed in the artificial "stomach" of the device, which was then subjected to scaled physiologically relevant pressures associated with @entity391 . Bio aerosols were captured using an SKC Biosampler. In @entity258 , there were notable differences between recovered aerosolized @entity23493 as a function of pressure (i.e., greater aerosolization with increased pressure), although this was not always statistically significant. This relationship disappeared when using high viscosity simulated vomitus. The amount of @entity23493 aerosolized as a @entity778 " ranged from 7.2 x 10-5 to 2.67 x 10-2 (which corresponded to a range of 36 to 13,350 PFU total). To our knowledge, this is the first study to document and measure aerosolization of a NoV surrogate in a similitude-based physical model. This has implications for better understanding the transmission dynamics of @entity1 NoV and for risk modeling purposes, both of which can help in designing effective infection control measures.

title: Aerosolization of a XXXX Norovirus Surrogate, Bacteriophage @entity23493 , during Simulated Vomiting.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['percent of total virus "vomited']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low viscosity artificial vomitus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2718 is one of the most dangerous pathogens in hospital settings. Most strains of @entity2718 carry one or more prophages and some of them, like   CD38-2 and   CD119, can influence the expression of toxin genes. However, little is known about the global host response in the presence of a given prophage. In order to fill this knowledge gap, we used RNA-seq to conduct a genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of the epidemic @entity68588 carrying the   CD38-2 prophage. A total of 39 bacterial genes were differentially expressed in the @entity68588 lysogen, 26 of them being downregulated. Several of the regulated genes encode transcriptional regulators and PTS subunits involved in @entity413 , @entity948 and @entity5121 / @entity5121 uptake and metabolism.   CD38-2 also upregulated the expression of a group of regulatory genes located in phi-027, a resident prophage common to most ribotype 027 isolates. The most differentially expressed gene was that encoding the conserved phase-variable cell wall protein CwpV, which was upregulated    20-fold in the lysogen. Quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence showed that the increased cwpV expression results from a greater proportion of cells actively transcribing the gene. Indeed,    95% of lysogenic cells express cwpV as opposed to only    5% of wild type cells. Furthermore, the higher proportion of cells expressing cwpV results from a higher frequency of recombination of the genetic switch controlling phase variation, which we confirmed to be dependent on the host-encoded recombinase RecV. In summary,   CD38-2 interferes with phase-variation of the surface protein CwpV and the expression of metabolic genes.

title: Global transcriptional response of XXXX carrying the phiCD38-2 prophage.

entities_list: @entity5121 :: ('MESH:D013012', 'Chemical') :: ['sorbitol', 'glucitol']

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['C. difficile', 'Clostridium difficile']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2718 :: (1496,Species) :: ['Clostridium difficile']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Two siblings with @entity1121 and @entity1010 were diagnosed with @entity9714 based on low enzyme activity in muscle and high @entity880 / @entity2388 ratio in fibroblasts. METHODS: Whole exome sequencing results of fibroblast gDNA from one sibling was narrowed down to 190 SNPs or In/Dels in 185 candidate genes by selecting non-synonymous coding sequence base pair changes that were not present in the SNP database. RESULTS: Two compound heterozygous mutations were identified in both siblings in @entity69770 , encoding the 24  kDa subunit of Complex I. The intronic mutation ( @entity69771 ) is disease causing and has been reported before. The other mutation is novel ( @entity69772 , @entity69773 ) and predicted to cause a pathogenic frameshift in the protein. Subsequent investigation of 10 probands with @entity9714 from different families revealed homozygosity for the intronic @entity69771 mutation in a second, consanguineous family. In this family three of five siblings were affected. Interestingly, they presented with @entity8433 but no cardiac involvement. The same genotype had been reported previously in a two families but presenting with @entity1121 , @entity2421 and @entity75 . CONCLUSION: We have identified @entity69770 mutations in two families with @entity9714 , including a novel mutation. The diagnosis of @entity8433 expands the clinical phenotypes associated with the @entity69771 mutation in this gene.

title: Exome sequencing identifies complex I XXXX mutations as a novel cause of @entity8433 .

entities_list: @entity69771 :: ('c|DEL|IVS2+1|GTAA', 'DNAMutation') :: ['c.IVS2  +  1delGTAA']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity8433 :: ('MESH:D007888', 'Disease') :: ['Leigh syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['trunk hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity9714 :: ('MESH:C537475', 'Disease') :: ['Complex I deficiency', 'complex I deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity69770 :: (4729,Gene) :: ['NDUFV2']


abstract: Our purpose was to investigate the factors after predictive outcome 3 months after the injury in terms of mortality and effective independent walking of nonagenarians with hip @entity174 . A prospective study was carried out for 2 yr in the orthopaedic wards on @entity1 referred to geriatricians. The data were subjected to logistic regression forward stepwise analysis. Eighty-nine @entity1 were included in the study; 55 (61.8%) had a trochanteric @entity174 and 86 required a surgical procedure. Before the @entity174 , 83 @entity1 (93.3%) were able to walk by themselves or with minimal supervision. Forty-three @entity1 (48.3%) had an American Society of Anaesthesiologists' of III-IV score. The mean number of @entity260 was four. Mean hospital stay was 18.2 days. Within 3 months, 19 @entity1 (21.3%) had died and 58 (69%) were living in their previous residence. Thirty-three (50% of living @entity1 ) were able to walk by themselves or with minimal help within 3 months of the @entity174 . Predictive variables for 3-month mortality were pre- @entity174 dependence on others for personal toilet and the presence of @entity73 . Predictive variables for independent efficient walking were bowel control and absence of @entity73 before the @entity174 , as well as no development of bed sores during hospitalization.These nonagenarian @entity1 with @entity173 show @entity258 , frequently return to their previous accommodation and present a limited recovery of walking ability.

title: Further experience of nonagenarians with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low perioperative mortality']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fractures']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 272 Background: @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity1820 require diagnostic studies and evaluations by physicians that may delay @entity5 care. Uninsured populations are particularly vulnerable. A Nurse Navigator (NN) can help decrease barriers and improve timeliness of care. This study aims to compare timeliness of @entity5 care received by @entity1 referred to a GI MDC Program by the @entity1 's insurance status at the time of referral. METHODS: @entity1 referred to the GI MDC are assigned a NN who evaluates medical history, diagnostic studies, and coordinates further testing and physician evaluations. Timeliness measures assessing milestones in @entity5 care initiation are collected prospectively. Descriptive statistics are presented and average times for measures are compared by insurance status (insured vs. uninsured) using t-tests, chi-square tests, and the @entity16043 's Exact test. RESULTS: 366 @entity1 were evaluated between January 2010 and June 2012. 70% (255/366) were for new @entity5 diagnoses. Median age of @entity5 @entity1 was 64 years (range 29-94), 63.1% of @entity1 were male, and 94.1% of @entity1 had insurance. @entity5 diagnosis types were colon/rectal (19.2%), esophageal/gastric (25.1%), hepatobiliary (12.8%) and pancreatic/ampullary/duodenal (35.7%) and 1.6% other. The table describes timeliness and care coordination measures by insurance status. CONCLUSIONS: Uninsured @entity5 @entity1 in our health system appear to receive care in a timely fashion which does not differ from @entity1 with insurance. The impact of a dedicated @entity344 in avoiding disparate care for uninsured warrants further study. [Table: see text].

title: Coordination and timeliness of care by insurance status in a XXXX (MDC) program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Major cancer', 'initiation of cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['GI cancers']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal (GI) multidisciplinary care']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With @entity75 of the talar shoulder, their size, the articular cartilage geometry, and the loss of the medial or lateral articular buttress often preclude treatment with traditional osteochondral autograft techniques. We hypothesized that fresh, large osteochondral allograft transplantation is a viable treatment option for @entity1 with such lesions. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of @entity1 who underwent fresh talar shoulder allograft transplantation between 2000 and 2007. All @entity1 failed initial conservative management. Preoperatively, a visual analog @entity158 scale of 0 to 10 (with 0 denoting no @entity158 and 10 denoting the @entity158 imaginable) and the Lower Extremity Functional Scale were administered. At the time of most recent follow-up, the visual analog @entity158 scale, the Lower Extremity Functional Scale, the American Orthopaedic Foot _ Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot scale, and the Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment questionnaire were administered. Radiographs were assessed for allograft incorporation and joint deterioration. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 with a mean age of thirty-one years and a mean follow-up of forty-eight months were included. There was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in @entity158 , from a mean of 6 points (range, 5 to 8 points) preoperatively to a mean of 1 point (range, 0 to 2 points) postoperatively. The mean Lower Extremity Functional Scale score improved from 37 points initially (range, 24 to 52 points) to 65 points (range, 31 to 75 points; p < 0.05) at the time of final follow-up. The mean postoperative American Orthopaedic Foot _ Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot score was 84 points. The mean Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment dysfunction index score was 13.3 points and the mean bother index score was 14.3 points. Radiographic lucencies at the graft-host interface were seen in five @entity1 . Four @entity1 required an additional surgical procedure. No @entity1 needed to undergo subsequent arthrodesis or arthroplasty. CONCLUSIONS: These midterm results in a small group of @entity1 indicate that structural fresh allograft transplantation can be a successful surgical option in the treatment of large @entity4713 of the talar shoulder [corrected].

title: Midterm results of XXXX of the talar shoulder treated with fresh osteochondral allograft transplantation.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['osteochondral lesions']

entities_list: @entity4713 :: ('MESH:D010007', 'Disease') :: ['osteochondral defects']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'worst pain']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['osteochondral lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of @entity5273 ( @entity5273 ) for extra-hepatic portal @entity432 (EHPVO) with recurrent @entity548 (RVB) in @entity1 . METHODS: From November 2005 to December 2013, 28 consecutive paediatric @entity1 with EHPVO treated with @entity5273 for RVB refractory to medical/endoscopic therapy and/or surgical treatment in a tertiary-care centre were followed until last clinical evaluation or @entity204 . The median follow-up time was 36.0 months (range 4.0-106.0 months). RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 and eleven @entity1 aged 7.1 to 17.9 years (median 12.3 years) weighing 19.0-62.0kg (median 33.5kg) were treated. @entity5273 was successfully placed in 17 of 28 (60.7%) of @entity1 via a transjugular approach alone (n=4), a combined transjugular/transhepatic approach (n=9), or a combined transjugular/transsplenic approach (n=4). @entity409 occurred in 6 of 17 (35.3%) @entity1 . The cumulative 1- and 3-year free-from-variceal-rebleeding rates in @entity5273 success group were higher than those in @entity5273 failure group (75.0% and 67.5% versus 45.5% and 18.2%, respectively, p=0.0075). Compared with the @entity5273 failure group, the improvements in the height-for-age z-scores were greater in the @entity5273 success group (p=0.017). Procedure-related complication occurred in one @entity1 (3.6%), and no episode of post- @entity5273 hepatic @entity75 occurred in any @entity1 . Except one @entity1 in the @entity5273 success group died at 115 post-operative days, all @entity1 were alive. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5273 is feasible and effective in @entity1 with EHPVO and RVB. @entity5273 could represent a less invasive alternative to traditional surgical portosystemic shunting or a valuable treatment option if surgery and endoscopic treatment failed.

title: Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt for Extra-Hepatic Portal @entity432 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['variceal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity5273 :: ('MESH:C562830', 'Disease') :: ['TIPS', 'transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Shunt dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous obstruction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: A rotating fibrous-bed bioreactor (RFB) was developed for fermentation to produce @entity20308 from @entity413 and cornstarch by @entity7144 . Fungal mycelia were immobilized on @entity2708 cloth in the RFB for a prolonged period to study the fermentation kinetics and process stability. The pH and dissolved @entity26 concentration (DO) were found to have significant effects on @entity880 productivity and yield, with pH 6 and 90% DO being the optimal conditions. A high @entity880 yield of 90% (w/w) and productivity of 2.5 g/L.h (467 g/h.m(2)) was obtained from @entity413 in fed-batch fermentation. When cornstarch was used as the substrate, the @entity880 yield was close to 100% (w/w) and the productivity was 1.65 g/L.h (300 g/h.m(2)). The highest concentration of @entity880 achieved in these fed-batch fermentations was 127 g/L. The immobilized-cells fermentation in the RFB gave a virtually cell-free fermentation broth and provided many advantages over conventional fermentation processes, especially those with freely suspended fungal cells. Without immobilization with the @entity2708 cloth, mycelia grew everywhere in the fermentor and caused serious problems in reactor control and operation and consequently the fermentation was poor in @entity880 production. @entity26 transfer in the RFB was also studied and the volumetric @entity26 transfer coefficients under various aeration and @entity2146 conditions were determined and then used to estimate the @entity26 transfer rate and uptake rate during the fermentation. The results showed that the @entity26 uptake rate increased with increasing DO, indicating that @entity26 transfer was limited by the diffusion inside the mycelial layer.

title: Production of @entity20308 from XXXX and starch by immobilized cells of @entity7144 in a rotating fibrous bed bioreactor.

entities_list: @entity7144 :: ('64495', 'Species') :: ['Rhizopus oryzae']

entities_list: @entity20308 :: ('CHEBI:422', 'Chemical') :: ['L(+)-lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the significance of nuclid myocardial scintigraphy (ECT) as a clinical method for guiding the diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of a cute @entity2401 . METHODS: 48 @entity1 with acute @entity2401 were divided into two groups, 21 @entity1 with ECT showing diffuse myocardial perfusion defect constituted a positive group and the remaining 27 with normal ECT a negative group. The relationship between the clinical data and treatment effect in the two groups were analyzed. RESULTS: In the positive group, CK-MB in 57.14% of the @entity1 was higher than normal and 71.43% of the @entity1 had ventricular @entity16257 (VPB) and @entity11706 ( @entity11706 ). The average number of VPB per 24 hour was (4228 +/- 1506) beats. In the negative group, the values of the above items were 33.33%, 44.44% and (2268 +/- 924) beats. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (all of P < 0.01). After treatment of acute @entity2401 , ECT of all the @entity1 in the positive group returned to normal completely 85.71% of the @entity1 with @entity16257 recovered from the @entity943 . 38.10% of the @entity1 with @entity16257 had @entity943 again during a follow-up of 4 years. However, in the negative group, only 59.26% of the @entity1 with @entity16257 recovered from the @entity943 and 66.67% had @entity943 again during the 4 years. The therapeutic effect between the two groups was also statistically different (all of P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Up to now, there has been no unified diagnostic standard for acute @entity2401 , so ECT may be an exact and reliable diagnostic method for acute @entity2401 . It may help to avoid error in diagnosis, waste in health resources and side effects of the medications.

title: [The value of nuclide myocardial scintigraphy for the clinical of acute XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11706 :: ('MESH:D018880', 'Disease') :: ['atrial premature beats', 'APB']

entities_list: @entity16257 :: ('MESH:D005117', 'Disease') :: ['premature beats']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['viral myocarditis']

answer: @entity2401 :: (MESH:D009205,Disease) :: ['viral myocarditis']


abstract: Hypericum perforatum extracts (HPE) inhibit @entity1068 intake in @entity35 . @entity19486 and hyperforin have been proposed as major active principles of HPE. The present study compared the effect on @entity1068 intake in @entity167 -preferring @entity35 of two Hypericum perforatum extracts: a methanolic extract containing 0.3% hypericin and 3.8% hyperforin (HPE1) and a @entity515 extract ( @entity69994 ) with 24.33% hyperforin and very low hypericin content. Freely feeding and drinking @entity35 were offered 10% @entity1068 2 h/day and HPE were given intragastrically 1 h before access to @entity1068 . Both extracts dose-dependently reduced @entity1068 intake, @entity69994 being about eight times more potent than HPE1. Food and water intakes were not affected by doses that reduced @entity1068 intake. @entity69994 , unlike HPE1, reduced blood- @entity167 levels (BAL) at doses of > or = 31.2 mg/kg, whereas the dose of 15.6 mg/kg, which reduced @entity1068 intake, did not significantly modify BAL; blood- @entity3094 levels were never increased. As previously observed for HPE1, intracerebroventricular pretreatment with @entity1128 (150 microg/ @entity35 ) did not affect attenuation of @entity1068 intake induced by @entity69994 , but reduced its effect in the forced swimming test (FST). Intraperitoneal pretreatment with the @entity34732 antagonist @entity27182 (0.25 mg/kg) did not affect inhibition of @entity1068 intake induced by HPE1 (250 mg/kg) or @entity69994 (125 mg/kg), but abolished the effect of both extracts in the FST. In conclusion, the present results indicate that @entity69994 inhibits @entity1068 intake more potently than HPE1; the higher potency of @entity69994 parallels the hyperforin content, suggesting that hyperforin may have an important role in reducing @entity1068 intake. Moreover, different neurochemical mechanisms are apparently responsible for the reduction of @entity1068 intake and for the antidepressant-like effect of HPE.

title: Effects of a methanolic extract and a hyperforin-enriched XXXX extract of Hypericum perforatum on @entity167 intake in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1128 :: ('MESH:D015116', 'Chemical') :: ['5,7-dihydroxytryptamine']

entities_list: @entity19486 :: ('MESH:C004965', 'Chemical') :: ['Hypericin']

entities_list: @entity3094 :: ('MESH:D000079', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaldehyde']

answer: @entity515 :: (CHEBI:29334,Chemical) :: ['CO2']


abstract: @entity11920 ( @entity11920 ) and 2B (CYP2B) mRNA and protein expression was examined in primary cultured @entity35 hepatocytes under basal cell culture conditions and in response to three prototypic @entity11920 inducers, i.e. @entity1068 , @entity1324 , and @entity34878 . Xenobiotic treatment for 24 hr, initiated after hepatocytes had been maintained in culture for 72 hr, resulted in 2-8-fold increases in @entity11920 protein levels, relative to untreated cells. A >/=2-fold increase in @entity11920 protein levels was detected at the lowest concentration (1 mM) of each of the xenobiotics examined. The increase in @entity11920 protein expression was not accompanied by any significant increase in 2E1 mRNA expression. In contrast, CYP2B protein and mRNA levels were increased by @entity1324 or @entity34878 at concentrations greater than 1 mM. @entity1068 (up to 100 mM) failed to significantly increase CYP2B protein or mRNA levels. The maximal increases measured for CYP2B protein and mRNA ( approximately 25-fold and approximately 90-fold, respectively) after treatment of hepatocytes with @entity1324 were comparable to those measured in our laboratory, and reported by others, for @entity109 treatment of primary cultured @entity35 hepatocytes. The results of this study show that the pattern of expression of @entity11920 B in this primary cultured @entity35 hepatocyte system and the magnitude of induction parallel those reported for @entity35 liver in vivo in response to these xenobiotics. This primary hepatocyte culture system provides opportunities for studies of the role of @entity11920 in the metabolism and bioactivation of drugs, chemicals, and putative carcinogens, as well as mechanistic studies on xenobiotic-mediated regulation of @entity11920 expression.

title: Xenobiotic-enhanced expression of cytochromes P450 2E1 and 2B in primary cultured XXXX hepatocytes.

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity34878 :: ('CHEBI:30953', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrazine']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: AIM: The study was aimed to examine the appropriateness of using the Mini Nutritional Assessment to screen for risk of under- and over-nutrition in adults with @entity717 . BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity717 are at increased risk of @entity3147 , but routine monitoring of their nutritional conditions are not widely done. DESIGN: The study purposively recruited 104 institutionalised adults (>= 19 years old) with @entity717 to serve as @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 were interviewed with a structured questionnaire to elicit personal data, health-related information and answers to items in the Activities of Daily Living and the Mini Nutritional Assessment scales and measured for anthropometrics. Biochemical data were taken from their routine medical measurements. Each subject was graded with the Mini Nutritional Assessment that adopted Taiwanese-specific anthropometric cut-off points (T1) and an alternative version that omitted the body mass index item (T2). RESULTS: Both Mini Nutritional Assessment versions were able indentifying individuals at risk of @entity3147 among adults with @entity717 and rated comparable proportions of @entity1 malnourished (6  7 and 5  8% for Mini Nutritional Assessment-T1 and Mini Nutritional Assessment-T2, respectively) or at risk of @entity3147 (14  4 and 17  3%, respectively). @entity1 with @entity306 were at greater risk of malnourishment than @entity1 with other disabilities. CONCLUSION: The Mini Nutritional Assessment is appropriate for screening for under- and over-nutrition in adults with @entity717 . The Mini Nutritional Assessment (especially the version without body mass index) can make routine monitoring of nutritional status of these @entity1 an easier task. However, further studies are needed to develop subtype-specific versions (tools) as various subtypes of @entity717 are associated with different nutritional problems. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The Mini Nutritional Assessment can serve as a tool for routine screening for under- and over-nutrition in @entity1 with @entity717 .

title: The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) is useful for assessing the risk of @entity3147 in adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Persons', 'patients', 'Participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disabilities', 'intellectual disability']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['intellectual disabilities']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the significance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) abnormalities in @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). METHODS: Forty-four @entity1 with @entity1252 were retrospectively analysed. @entity1 were classified into three groups [1 and 2: @entity1 with central nervous system (CNS) manifestations before and after starting high-dose @entity134 therapy, respectively; 3: @entity1 without CNS manifestations. MRI was performed in all 44 @entity1 and SPECT in 31. RESULTS: Abnormal findings in MRI were found in 19 @entity1 . MRI abnormalities were significantly more frequent in @entity1 with CNS manifestations than in those without [71 vs 17%, odds ratio (OR) 11.9, confidence interval (CI) 2.8-49.9, P=0.0003]. After the initiation of @entity134 therapy, @entity1 with CNS manifestations also had an increased frequency of abnormal MRI. No correlation was found between SPECT findings and CNS manifestations. However, @entity1 with CNS manifestations after starting @entity230 showed a markedly increased frequency of abnormal MRI and SPECT compared with those without CNS manifestations (80 vs 7%; OR 56, CI 4.4-719, P=0.0003). The positive predictive @entity854 in both techniques in developing CNS manifestations after starting @entity230 was 89%. CONCLUSION: MRI findings correlated with CNS manifestations in @entity1252 . Where there is a high suspicion of CNS involvement, the combination of MRI and SPECT may be useful in predicting CNS manifestations after starting @entity134 therapy.

title: Cerebral imaging by magnetic resonance imaging and single photon emission computed tomography in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['value of abnormality']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus with central nervous system involvement']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 4695 Background: Options for @entity1 with progression of @entity263 following @entity342 ablation and chemotherapy are limited. Prior studies have demonstrated the efficacy of @entity172 in this group of @entity1 , but safe and effective agents are limited. Given prior data demonstrating the safety and ease of using an @entity53 patch, we tested the hypothesis that the patch would be a safe and effective option for @entity1 with hormone and chemotherapy @entity263 . METHODS: In this ongoing study, ten @entity1 with hormone @entity263 who had progressed after at least one chemotherapy regimen were enrolled. @entity1 were treated with two transdermal patches (total daily dose: 0.2 mg of @entity53 ) changed weekly. RESULTS: 7/10 @entity1 received one prior and 3/10 two or more prior chemotherapy regimens. Median age was 64 years (range 57 to 76). @entity1486 ( @entity1486 ) decreased in 5/10 @entity1 (mean decrease 27%). 2/3 @entity1 that were treated for at least 3 months had stable disease, as defined as < 25% increase over the first 3 months of therapy. 7/10 @entity1 remain on study. Therapy was well tolerated. There were no grade 2 or 3 adverse events. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with hormone and chemotherapy @entity263 , transdermal @entity53 patches may offer a safe and active option of therapy, but further study is warranted and ongoing. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: A phase II salvage trial of transdermal @entity53 in the treatment of hormone and chemotherapy XXXX : A Cancer Institute of New Jersey Oncology Group Study NJ1803.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['refractory prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['PSA', 'Prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['refractory prostate cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The goal of this study was to identify associations between positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in @entity1 presenting with @entity213 (SCC) with @entity5 site, size, histologic differentiation, smoking, and @entity6 . Charts of @entity1 with oropharyngeal and laryngeal SCC who underwent @entity419 PET/CT scans were reviewed between May 2007 and August 2013. Statistical analyses included modeling log-transformed SUVmax values by @entity5 site, size, histologic differentiation, smoking status, and @entity6 using unadjusted linear regressions. Differences were considered statistically significant for P< 0.05. A total of 111 @entity1 (54 with oropharynx and 57 with @entity5 ) were included, 83 @entity1 and 28 @entity1 with an average age of 57.5 years old. There was a significantly higher pack-year smoking history (P = 0.005) in the @entity5 group. While @entity5 T-stage was found to be significantly different (P < 0.0001), there was no difference in @entity5 size between the two groups: 3.16 cm and 3.58 cm in the oropharynx and larynx, respectively (P = 0.55). In the oropharynx cohort, SUVmax was associated with both @entity5 size (P = 0.0001) and stage (P < 0.0002). Interestingly, SUVmax differed by @entity5 differentiation in the larynx (P = 0.04) but not the oropharynx (P = 0.71). Finally, there was no significant difference in SUVmax relative to @entity6 and smoking status. PET/CT SUVmax correlated with both @entity5 size and stage in @entity5 @entity1 , and it correlated only with @entity5 differentiation but not the size or stage in the larynx. There were no significant differences in SUVmax by @entity6 or smoking status.

title: Correlation of Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Scan with Smoking, Tumor Size, Stage and Differentiation in Head and Neck Cancer XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['larynx cancers', 'tumor', 'oropharyngeal cancer', 'larynx cancer']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity1370 is the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity5 survivors. The objective of this international cardiac oncology survey was to gain a better understanding of current knowledge and practice patterns among HCPs involved in the management of @entity5 @entity1 exposed to potentially @entity1370 drugs. Between 2012 and 2013, we conducted an email-based survey of HCPs involved in the management of @entity299 in @entity5 @entity1 . 393 survey responses were received, of which 77 were from Canadian respondents. The majority of respondents were cardiologists (47%), followed closely by medical oncologists. The majority of respondents agreed that cardiac issues are important to @entity5 @entity1 (97%). However, only 36% of total respondents agreed with an accepted definition of @entity1370 . While 78% of respondents felt that cardiac medications are protective during active @entity5 treatment, only 51% would consider prescribing these medications up-front in @entity5 @entity1 . Although results confirm a high level of concern for cardiac safety, there continues to be a lack of consensus on the definition of @entity1370 and a discrepancy in clinical practice between cardiologists and oncologists. These differences in opinion require resolution through more effective research collaboration and formulation of evidence-based guidelines.

title: An International Survey of Health Care Providers Involved in the Management of Cancer @entity1 Exposed to XXXX Therapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiotoxicity', 'cardiotoxic', 'cardiotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

answer: @entity1370 :: (MESH:D066126,Disease) :: ['Cardiotoxic']


abstract: Microbial tropism, the infection of specific cells and tissues by a microorganism, is a fundamental aspect of host-microbe interactions. The intracellular bacteria Wolbachia have a peculiar tropism for the stem cell niches in the @entity238 ovary, the microenvironments that support the cells producing the eggs. The molecular underpinnings of Wolbachia stem cell niche tropism are unknown. We have previously shown that the patterns of tropism in the ovary show a high degree of conservation across the Wolbachia lineage, with closely related @entity6475 usually displaying the same pattern of stem cell niche tropism. It has also been shown that tropism to these structures in the ovary facilitates both vertical and horizontal transmission, providing a strong selective pressure towards evolutionary conservation of tropism. Here we show great disparity in the evolutionary conservation and underlying mechanisms of stem cell niche tropism between male and female gonads. In contrast to females, niche tropism in the male testis is not pervasive, present in only 45% of niches analyzed. The patterns of niche tropism in the testis are not evolutionarily maintained across the Wolbachia lineage, unlike what was shown in the females. Furthermore, hub tropism does not correlate with cytoplasmic incompatibility, a Wolbachia-driven phenotype imprinted during spermatogenesis. Towards identifying the molecular mechanism of hub tropism, we performed hybrid analyses of @entity6475 in non-native hosts. These results indicate that both Wolbachia and host derived factors play a role in the targeting of the stem cell niche in the testis. Surprisingly, even closely related @entity6475 in @entity238 , derived from a single ancestor only 8,000 years ago, have significantly different tropisms to the hub, highlighting that stem cell niche tropism is rapidly diverging in males. These findings provide a powerful system to investigate the mechanisms and evolution of microbial tissue tropism.

title: Extreme divergence of wolbachia tropism for the stem-cell-niche in the XXXX testis.

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['Wolbachia strains']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila', 'Drosophila melanogaster']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: @entity2483 ( @entity2483 ) and @entity2204 ( @entity2204 ), which are known to be minor constituents of @entity527 , commonly are associated with almost all types of @entity527 . In this study, the distribution of @entity2483 -, @entity2204 - and ubiquitin (Ub)-immunoreactivity (IR) in @entity527 in the liver and spleen of @entity1 @entity1582 (34 autopsy cases: 17 immunoglobulin light chain derived, 17 amyloid A protein derived) and experimental @entity19 @entity2783 is examined using an immuno-histochemical technique. In @entity1 cases, all of the @entity527 examined showed colocalization of @entity2483 - and @entity2204 -IR with individual amyloid proteins. In experimental @entity2783 , @entity2483 -IR of @entity527 in the liver and spleen and @entity2204 -IR in the liver were seen uniformly throughout this experiment. In contrast, @entity2204 -IR in the spleen was not uniform at the phase of @entity527 . At 4 weeks and at 16 weeks after casein injection, @entity2204 -IR was unevenly distributed in @entity527 in the perifollicular area; however, from 6 to 12 weeks it was seen to be uniform. Ubiquitin-IR of @entity527 in @entity1 cases was seen in 22 of 34 livers and in 22 of 33 spleens. In experimental @entity2783 , Ub-IR of @entity527 was demonstrated in the space of Disse in all @entity19 examined, and there appeared to be a gradual increase in intensity with the amount of @entity527 . However, in the spleen, @entity527 did not react with anti-Ub antibody in any phase of amyloid induction. These results suggest that @entity2204 and Ub are not always associated with the process of @entity527 and may appear in a deposit after the deposition.

title: An immunohistochemical study of amyloid P component, @entity2204 and ubiquitin in @entity1 and XXXX amyloidoses.

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid deposits', 'amyloid deposition']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['Apo E', 'apolipoprotein E']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['systemic amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity2483 :: ('MESH:C566443', 'Disease') :: ['Amyloid P component', 'AP']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: SUMMARY: Correlated responses in pituitary gland weight and @entity7318 ( @entity7318 ) concentration in the serum and pituitary were studied in lines of @entity19 selected for growth rate, and in controls. The selection criteria were @entity1017 between 28 and 38 days on an ad libitum feed intake (EPA line), or on intake restricted to 80% of the control @entity19 (EPR line), and @entity1017 between 48 and 58 days under the above two feeding regimes ( @entity4991 and @entity1309 lines). The control line was maintained by random breeding. In generation 13, pituitary weight and @entity7318 levels were determined at 38 days in lines EPA, EPR and the control and at 58 days in lines @entity4991 , @entity1309 and the control. Pituitary weight, corrected for body @entity1017 , was smaller in the EPA line than in the control line at 38 days and was greater in the @entity1309 line than in the control line at 58 days. There were large differences in serum @entity7318 concentrations between the selected lines and the control; the differences were statistically significant at 38 days, with the EPA and EPR lines having lower levels than the controls. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Ver  nderung von Wachstumshormonspiegel bei Selektion f  r Zuwachs bei M  usen Ver  nderungen im Hypophysengewicht und Wachstumshormon-( @entity7318 )-Konzentrationen im Serum und in der Hypophyse wurden bei Wachstumsselektionslinien und bei Kontrollm  usen untersucht. Selektionskriterien waren Zuwachs zwischen 28 und 38 Tagen bei ad libitum Futteraufnahme (EPA Linie) oder bei Linien, wo Futteraufnahme auf 80% derjenigen der Kontrollm  use (EPR Linie) begrenzt wurde und Zuwachs zwischen 48 und 58 Tagen unter beiden Futterweisen ( @entity4991 und @entity1309 Linie). Die Kontrollinie wurde durch Zufallspaarung fortgepflanzt. In Generation 13 wurden Hypophysengewicht und Wachstumshormonspiegel im Alter von 38 Tagen in Linien EPA, EPR und in Kontrollen und bei 58 Tagen in Linien @entity4991 und @entity1309 und Kontrollen bestimmt. Hypophysengewicht, korrigiert f  r Zuwachs, war geringer in der @entity4991 Linie als in der Kontrolle bei 38 Tagen Alter und gr    er in der @entity1309 Linie als in der Kontrolle bei 58 Tagen. Zwischen @entity7318 Konzentrationen selektierter und Kontrollinien waren erhebliche Differenzen, die bei 38 Tagen signifikant waren, wobei EPA und EPR Linien geringere Werte als die Kontrollen aufwiesen.

title: Correlated responses in XXXX to selection for @entity1017 in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity7318 :: (14599(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['growth hormone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Management of newborns with interrupted aortic arch (IAA) remains challenging. Associated severe @entity3585 ( @entity3585 ) have often led to increased mortality with neonatal biventricular repair. We review our experience with an alternative approach for this complex surgical problem. METHODS: From May 1991 to June 1999, 28 neonates were treated for IAA. Thirteen of 28 neonates (46%) had type B IAA, @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ) and severe @entity3585 (Z value -2 to -7; mean -5 +/- 1.7). Mean age was 8 days (3 to 23 days old) with average weight of 3.3 kg (2.4 to 4.2 kg). Eight of 13 (62%) had @entity5216 . Ten of 13 (77%) had thymic aplasia and chromosome 22 region qll deletion. All 13 @entity1 were treated initially with a modified Norwood procedure. RESULTS: There were no perioperative @entity204 . Complications included 2 @entity1 with recurrent arch stenosis treated with @entity384 . Two @entity1 had systemic arterial shunt revision. Follow-up ranged from 2 to 99 months old (mean 39 months). There were 2 late @entity204 unrelated to any operation. Nine of 12 @entity1 had a second stage palliation consisting of a bidirectional Glenn shunt. Six @entity1 went on to have biventricular repairs (3 Ross-Konno, 2 Rastelli, 1 @entity1757 closure with LVOT resection). One @entity1 had a modified Fontan operation and 5 @entity1 are awaiting potential biventricular repair. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with IAA and severe @entity3585 may be managed by initial Norwood palliation with an excellent outcome likely. This initial "univentricular" approach has enabled eventual successful biventricular repair despite severe @entity3585 .

title: Successful biventricular repair after initial Norwood operation for interrupted aortic arch with severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3585 :: ('MESH:D014694', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular outflow tract obstruction', 'LVOTO']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity5216 :: ('MESH:C535555', 'Disease') :: ['anomalous right subclavian artery']

answer: @entity3585 :: (MESH:D014694,Disease) :: ['left ventricular outflow tract obstruction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of specific IgE (sIgE) against Der @entity3881 and Der p 2 in Chinese @entity1 with @entity6711 ( @entity6711 ) @entity566 has not yet been well investigated. METHODS: One hundred @entity1 were enrolled, based on sensitization and doctor-diagnosed @entity566 to @entity6711 . Questionnaires were administered to document demographic and clinical characteristics. Serum IgE reactivity to @entity7130 (Dp) extract, Der @entity3881 , Der p 2 and Der p 10 was measured by ImmunoCAP. RESULTS: Almost all @entity1 were sensitized to Der @entity3881 (95%) and Der p 2 (93%), with both allergens together being largely responsible for the total anti- @entity6711 IgE response. No evidence for a significant role of Der p 10 was found. Overall, IgE responses to @entity6711 and its 2 major allergens were higher in @entity1 than in adults in this cross-sectional study. With increasing age, IgE responses to Der p 2 become more important. A positive correlation was observed between the reaction of sIgE against Dp, Der @entity22515 and the number of organs (including the eyes, nose, lungs and skin) that were affected in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In China, Der @entity3881 and Der p 2 are the dominant allergens in @entity1 with @entity6711 @entity566 . The relative importance of Der @entity3881 and Der p 2 changes with age, in favor of Der p 2. Overall, sIgE titers were positively associated with the number of organs affected.

title: Evaluation of the Role of IgE Responses to Der @entity3881 and Der p 2 in Chinese House Dust Mite-Allergic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7130 :: ('6956', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus']

entities_list: @entity6711 :: ('MESH:D008924', 'Disease') :: ['HDM', 'house dust mite']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that the postoperative serum level of TA90-IC, an immune complex of a 90-kDa @entity5 -associated antigen and its antibody, might have a significant correlation with recurrence and survival in @entity1 with thick primary @entity320 . METHODS: We used our prospective @entity320 database to identify all @entity1 who underwent wide local excision and sentinel lymphadenectomy for primary @entity320 > or =4 mm and from whom sera had been collected and cryopreserved within 6 months after surgery. These sera were analyzed in a blinded fashion for TA90-IC status by using our double-determinant enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results were correlated with disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). Standard prognostic factors for @entity320 were then compared with TA90-IC status for the prediction of DFS and @entity1349 . RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of the TA90-IC assay for predicting recurrence were 70% and 85%, respectively. Five-year DFS and @entity1349 rates were higher for the TA90-IC-negative group than the positive group. The differences in DFS and @entity1349 between the TA90-IC-negative and -positive groups were significant. At a median follow-up of 25 months, multivariate analysis identified postoperative TA90-IC status and sex as significant predictors of DFS. TA90-IC status was the only independent prognostic factor with multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: TA90-IC status after resection of thick primary @entity320 accurately predicts outcome. A positive postoperative TA90-IC level might affect a decision regarding adjuvant therapy, regardless of regional nodal status.

title: Serum TA90 immune complex assay can predict outcome after resection of thick (> or =4 mm) primary XXXX and sentinel lymphadenectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a case of @entity8 associated with @entity2916 , with successful treatment, and to review the literature concerning @entity359 treatment. CASE REPORT: @entity1 with @entity2916 and @entity359 diagnosed by ultrasonography during her pregnancy. At that time, the @entity359 on the right side was 9 cm in diameter. Conservative management was selected during her pregnancy. The @entity1 returned 7 years later, with a 24.7 x 19.2 x 10.7 cm @entity5 on the right side and another of 13 x 11.5 x 6.5 cm on the left side, in addition to multiple small @entity359 . A nephron-sparing surgery with tumoral enucleation was performed on the right side, and after 3 months, the @entity5 on the left side was removed. Renal function in the post-operative period was preserved, and contrast medium progression was uniform and adequate in both kidneys. CONCLUSION: We conclude that an @entity359 larger than 4 cm should be removed surgically, since they have a greater growth rate and pose a risk of @entity548 . Resection of smaller @entity5 is safe and has decreased morbidity. Tumoral enucleation is an effective treatment method that preserves kidney function.

title: @entity8 associated with hepatic lipoma in a XXXX with @entity2916 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral giant renal angiomyolipoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity359 :: ('MESH:D018207', 'Disease') :: ['angiomyolipomas', 'angiomyolipoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In this observational trial, data were collected on the effectiveness and tolerability/safety of a nasal spray containing @entity35446 and essential oils (trade name Rhinospray(  ) Plus) used for symptomatic treatment of @entity697 due to common cold. METHODS: The trial was performed in 300 @entity1 , adolescents and adults, who were to be treated with Rhinospray(  ) Plus for up to 4  times per day for up to 10  days. Primary endpoints were the change from baseline to final visit in the mean of three single symptom scores (blocked nose, sneezing, and runny nose) and the mean improvement in two quality-of-life parameters (ability to perform normal daytime activities and quality of sleep). RESULTS: A total of 108 @entity1 , 30 adolescents and 162 adults were treated with Rhinospray(  ) Plus. No @entity1 discontinued prematurely. There was a mean reduction of 2.0      0.6 (standard deviation) in nasal symptom scores from baseline to final visit; 297 of 300 of @entity1 (99.0  %) reported an improvement. The mean value for improvement in quality-of-life parameters was 1.3      0.5. Improvement in daytime activities was reported by all 300 @entity1 (100.0  %) and in quality of sleep by 292 @entity1 (97.4  %). Effectiveness and tolerability were rated as 'very good' or 'good' by 95.4  % and 97.4  % of @entity1 , respectively; the investigators rated effectiveness and tolerability as 'very good' or 'good' for 97.4  % and 100.0  % of @entity1 , respectively. No adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Community-based @entity1 reported a relief in @entity697 and improvement in quality of life as a result of treatment with Rhinospray(  ) Plus. Treatment was well-tolerated.

title: Treatment of @entity697 with a nasal spray containing XXXX and essential oils: a multicenter, uncontrolled, observational trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity35446 :: ('MESH:C005370', 'Chemical') :: ['tramazoline']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute rhinitis', 'acute rhinitis symptoms']

answer: @entity35446 :: (MESH:C005370,Chemical) :: ['tramazoline']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5442 is a rare benign inflammatory @entity6437 , presenting as a painful nodular mass within a muscle, and characterized by spontaneous resolution within weeks. PURPOSE: To assess the clinical and imaging findings of focal @entity4383 simulating a @entity5 at clinical examination, with no history of @entity130 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study describes the locations and appearance at ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of this condition in a series of five @entity1 . RESULTS: MRI and US displayed a solid intramuscular " @entity5 " and suggested a continuum between the proximal and distal muscle fibers that appeared thickened within the nodular lesion, a sign that has been reported in @entity5323 . MRI showed @entity4 in adjacent muscles and soft tissues, as well as intense enhancement of the mass. Intense vascular flows were seen at Doppler analysis. CT did not reveal the appearance of peripheral ossifications, ruling out the diagnosis of @entity5323 . In some @entity1 , the diagnosis of @entity242 had been suggested as possible by the radiologist. Imaging follow-up with MRI showed complete resolution of the masses over several weeks, thus avoiding a biopsy; no recurrence was observed at long-term follow-up (more than 24 months). CONCLUSION: This paper highlights MRI and US findings in focal non-ossifying @entity5442 , and emphasizes the role of MRI in suggesting this diagnosis, leading to the careful follow-up of the lesion until its resolution, and ruling out more aggressive lesions.

title: Self-resolving focal non-ossifying XXXX : a poorly known clinical and imaging entity diagnosed with MRI.

entities_list: @entity5442 :: ('MESH:D009220', 'Disease') :: ['myositis', 'Focal myositis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity5323 :: ('MESH:D009221', 'Disease') :: ['myositis ossificans']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['nodular myositis']

answer: @entity5442 :: (MESH:D009220,Disease) :: ['myositis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A smoke-free law came into effect in Spain on 1st January 2006, affecting all enclosed workplaces except hospitality venues, whose proprietors can choose among totally a smoke-free policy, a partial restriction with designated smoking areas, or no restriction on smoking on the premises. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the law among hospitality workers by assessing @entity13414 ( @entity13414 ) exposure and the frequency of respiratory symptoms before and one year after the ban. METHODS AND FINDING: We formed a baseline cohort of 431 hospitality workers in @entity70526 . Of them, 318 (66.8%) were successfully followed up 12 months after the ban, and 137 nonsmokers were included in this analysis. We obtained self-reported exposure to @entity13414 and the presence of respiratory symptoms, and collected saliva samples for @entity4874 measurement. Salivary @entity4874 decreased by 55.6% after the ban among nonsmoker workers in venues where smoking was totally prohibited (from median of 1.6 ng/ml before to 0.5 ng/ml, p<0.01). @entity4874 concentration decreased by 27.6% (p = 0.068) among workers in venues with designated smoking areas, and by 10.7% (p = 0.475) among workers in venues where smoking was allowed. In Portugal and Andorra, no differences between @entity4874 concentration were found before (1.2 ng/ml) and after the ban (1.2 ng/ml). In Spain, reported respiratory symptom declined significantly (by 71.9%; p<0.05) among workers in venues that became smoke-free. After adjustment for potential confounders, salivary @entity4874 and respiratory symptoms decreased significantly among workers in Spanish hospitality venues where smoking was totally banned. CONCLUSIONS: Among nonsmoker hospitality workers in bars and restaurants where smoking was allowed, exposure to @entity13414 after the ban remained similar to pre-law levels. The partial restrictions on smoking in Spanish hospitality venues do not sufficiently protect hospitality workers against @entity13414 or its consequences for respiratory health.

title: Impact of the Spanish smoking law on exposure to XXXX and respiratory health in hospitality workers: a cohort study.

entities_list: @entity70526 :: ('OMIM:612433', 'Disease') :: ['Spain and 45 workers in Portugal and Andorra']

entities_list: @entity13414 :: ('MESH:C536784', 'Disease') :: ['SHS', 'second-hand smoke']

entities_list: @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine', 'Cotinine']

answer: @entity13414 :: (MESH:C536784,Disease) :: ['second-hand smoke']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In the infarcted myocardium, necrotic cardiomyocytes activate innate immune pathways, stimulating pro-inflammatory signaling cascades. Although @entity32 plays an important role in clearance of the @entity1188 from dead cells and matrix debris, repair of the infarcted heart requires timely activation of signals that negatively regulate the innate immune response, limiting @entity130 . We have previously demonstrated that @entity14003 , a member of the @entity4101 family that suppresses toll-like receptor/interleukin-1 signaling, is upregulated in the infarcted heart in both macrophages and fibroblasts, and restrains pro-inflammatory activation attenuating adverse remodeling. Although @entity14003 is known to suppress inflammatory activation of macrophages, its role in fibroblasts remains unknown. Our current investigation examines the effects of @entity14003 on fibroblast phenotype and function. In vitro, @entity14003 null cardiac fibroblasts have impaired capacity to contract free-floating collagen pads. @entity14003 loss reduces transforming growth factor (TGF)-b-mediated a-smooth muscle actin ( @entity1970 ) expression. @entity14003 deficient cardiac fibroblasts exhibit a modest reduction in @entity2533 -stimulated Smad activation and increased expression of the @entity1970 repressor, Y-box binding protein (YB)-1. In a model of non-reperfused @entity583 , @entity14003 absence does not affect collagen content and myofibroblast density in the @entity1188 , but increases YB-1 levels and is associated with attenuated @entity1970 expression in isolated @entity1188 . Our findings suggest that, in addition to its role in restraining @entity32 following reperfused @entity1188 , @entity14003 may also contribute to myofibroblast conversion.

title: The role of Interleukin Receptor Associated Kinase ( XXXX )-M in regulation of myofibroblast phenotype in vitro, and in an experimental model of non-reperfused @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcted and remodeling myocardium', 'infarct myofibroblasts', 'infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity14003 :: ('11213', 'Gene') :: ['Interleukin receptor-associated kinase (IRAK)-M', 'IRAK-M']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory injury']

answer: @entity4101 :: (3654,Gene) :: ['IRAK']


abstract: The LuxS protein is required for the biosynthesis of the type 2 autoinducer ( @entity1605 ), which is involved in quorum sensing in a wide range of bacterial species. We have determined the effects of a defined luxS mutation on the virulence of @entity328 . Although the luxS mutant displayed reduced virulence relative to its wild-type parent, the type 2 strain D39, it was by no means avirulent in a @entity19 model. After intranasal administration, the luxS mutant was able to colonize the nasopharynx of the @entity19 as efficiently as the wild type. However, it was less able to spread from the nasopharynx to the lungs or the blood. Intraperitoneal coadministration studies indicated that the luxS mutant was less fit and was readily outcompeted by wild-type D39. However, when administered on its own by this route, the mutant was able to proliferate and cause fatal @entity262 , albeit at a lower rate than the wild type. Western blot analysis of whole-cell lysates of the mutant and its parent did not reveal any differences in the levels of several well-characterized virulence proteins. However, analysis of Coomassie blue-stained protein profiles after separation by @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis showed that mutation of luxS had pleiotropic effects on protein expression in all cellular compartments. This is consistent with the product of luxS having a regulatory role in @entity2260 . This is the first report of a direct role for luxS (and by inference, @entity1605 ) in the virulence of a gram-positive pathogen. However, the fact that mutagenesis of luxS does not completely attenuate @entity2260 has implications for the possible use of @entity1605 antagonists for treatment of @entity7706 .

title: Mutation of luxS of XXXX affects virulence in a @entity19 model.

entities_list: @entity7706 :: ('MESH:D011008', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal infections']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 with @entity161 smoke cigarettes at a higher rate than the general population. We hypothesized that a factor in this comorbidity is sensitivity to the reinforcing and reinforcement-enhancement effects of nicotine. Phencyclidine ( @entity7678 ) was used to model behavioral changes resembling negative symptoms of @entity161 in @entity35 . Ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) in @entity35 have been used to measure emotional states, with 50   kHz USVs indicating positive states and 22   kHz USVs indicating negative states. Total and categorized numbers of 22 and 50   kHz USVs and USVs during a visual stimulus (e.g. a potential measure of reinforcement-enhancement) were examined in @entity35 following injection of @entity7678 (2.0   mg/kg) and/or nicotine (0.2 or 0.4   mg/kg) daily for 7 days. @entity7678 was then discontinued and all @entity35 received nicotine (0.2 and 0.4   mg/kg) and @entity7678 (2.0   mg/kg) on three challenge days. @entity7678 acutely decreased 50   kHz vocalizations, whereas repeated nicotine potentiated rates of vocalizations, with similar patterns during light presentations. @entity35 in the @entity7678 and nicotine combination groups made more 50   kHz vocalizations compared with @entity35 in the control groups on challenge days. We conclude that @entity7678 may produce a reward deficit, which is shown by decreased 50   kHz USVs, and behaviors post- @entity7678 exposure may best model the comorbidity between @entity161 and nicotine.

title: Effects of the phencyclidine model of @entity161 and nicotine on total and categorized ultrasonic vocalizations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) is the most prevalent form of @entity302 , characterized by recurrent complex partial @entity410 and @entity131 . The pathophysiology underlying this disorder remains unidentified. While a loss of @entity1245 binding sites is a key diagnostic feature of @entity1315 , experimental studies have shown enhanced inhibitory transmission and increased expression of @entity1246 (A)-receptors, suggesting that compensatory mechanisms are operative in @entity302 hippocampus. In the present study, changes in the expression and cellular distribution of major @entity1246 (A)-receptor subunits were investigated in the hippocampus of @entity2134 -treated @entity35 during the phase of spontaneous recurrent @entity410 . A uniform decrease in @entity1246 (A)-receptor subunit-immunoreactivity was observed in regions of extensive @entity528 (i.e. @entity1249 , @entity1251 , hilus). whereas a prominent increase occurred in the dentate gyrus (DG). Most strikingly, the increase was largest for the alpha3- and alpha5-subunits, which are expressed at very low levels in the DG of control @entity35 , suggesting the formation of novel @entity1246 (A)-receptor subtypes in @entity302 tissue. Furthermore, an extensive loss of interneurons expressing the alpha1-subunit, representing presumptive basket cells, was seen in the DG. These changes were very similar to those reported in a novel @entity19 model of @entity1315 , based on the unilateral injection of @entity4176 into the dorsal hippocampus (Bouilleret et al., 1999). This indicates that the regulation of @entity1246 (A)-receptor expression is related to @entity410 , and is not due to the extrahippocampal @entity528 affecting @entity2134 -treated @entity35 . These results allow causal relationships in the induction and maintenance of @entity410 to be distinguished. The loss of a critical number of interneurons in the DG is a possible cause of @entity410 initiation, whereas the long-lasting upregulation of @entity1246 (A)-receptors in granule cells represents a compensatory response to @entity410 activity.

title: GABAergic neurons and XXXX (A)-receptors in @entity1315 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'chronic recurrent seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['kainic acid']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy', 'MTLE']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damage', 'neuronal death']

answer: @entity1246 :: (MESH:D005680,Chemical) :: ['GABA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity157 ( @entity157 ) is the third leading cause of @entity5 deaths worldwide. We tested @entity6303 (MA) against placebo in the treatment of advanced @entity157 . METHODS: From 2002 through 2007, this randomised double-blind trial enrolled 204 @entity1 with treatment-naive advanced @entity157 (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance rating of 0-3) from specialist care centres in six Asia-Pacific nations. @entity1 received placebo or MA (320 mg day(-1)). End points were @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and quality of life. RESULTS: An adverse but not statistically significant difference in @entity1349 was found for MA vs placebo: median values 1.88 and 2.14 months, respectively (hazard ratio (HR)=1.25, 95% CI=0.92-1.71, P=0.16). However, @entity1349 was similar among @entity1 of good functional status ( @entity1 -Pugh A and ECOG 0, 1 or 2) (44.3%) in both treatment groups, with the adverse effect of MA confined to those of poor status. @entity6303 @entity1 had a worse global health status (not statistically significant) but reduced levels of @entity1277 and @entity390 / @entity391 . CONCLUSION: @entity6303 has no role in prolonging @entity1349 in advanced treatment-naive @entity157 . Overall survival with placebo differed markedly from that in similar trials conducted elsewhere, suggesting therapeutic outcomes may be strongly dependent on ECOG status and @entity1 -Pugh score.

title: Randomised double-blind trial of XXXX vs placebo in treatment-naive advanced @entity157 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity6303 :: ('MESH:D019290', 'Chemical') :: ['Megestrol acetate', 'megestrol acetate']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['appetite loss']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'Hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity6303 :: (MESH:D019290,Chemical) :: ['megestrol acetate']


abstract: We present three @entity1 with neurologic complications of the spine from @entity66 . The first was a 6-year-old @entity1 with lower limb @entity912 evolving over 2 weeks. Neuroimaging revealed a cystic mass compressing the spinal cord at the level of T8 and extending from the vertebral body. She underwent surgical decompression. Histopathologic examination confirmed @entity66 . At 6-month follow-up, functional improvement had occurred with full ambulation. She continues on long-term albendazole therapy. Two other @entity1 are described, one with primary @entity66 and the other with @entity75 and secondary seeding to the spine. Spinal @entity66 is a rarity, even more so in @entity1 . Although @entity66 , primarily affecting bone, carries a poorer long-term outlook, the first @entity1 made a dramatic recovery and has raised therapeutic dilemmas as to the total duration of continuing albendazole therapy. The literature documents some 37 reports, mostly in adults. Considering the frequency of @entity66 in South Africa, the incidence in our population could be under-recorded. Unless the clinician includes spinal @entity66 , in endemic areas, as part of the differential list for @entity912 and considers performing neuroimaging, this potentially treatable diagnosis will be missed.

title: Hydatid disease of the spine in South African XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['hydatid disease', 'secondary disease', 'spinal disease']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 information leaflets (PILs) are an important source of information for @entity1 postoperatively. There are currently no nationally agreed standards by dermatologists for postoperative advice following skin surgery. AIM: To assess the common themes and areas of variation in advice given in PILs after skin surgery across all @entity283 ( @entity283 ) hospitals in England and Wales. METHODS: All acute trusts in England (n  =  159) and local health boards in Wales (n  =  7) were requested to provide their postoperative dermatological PILs for general sutured wound care or excision biopsy. Eight preselected parameters were assessed: minimum dressing duration, duration of pressing on a @entity548 wound, @entity86 , explanation of @entity281 signs, application of petroleum jelly, scarring, whom to contact if there is a problem, and the recommended postoperative time for abstaining from active exercise. RESULTS: PILs were received from 137 different dermatology departments belonging to 127/166 (76.5%) organisations across England and Wales. Of these, 102 PILs gave a specific duration for dressings: 45/102 (44.1%) advised a minimum of 48  h, but 28/102 (27.5%) recommended leaving dressings in place until suture removal. Regarding duration of pressing on a @entity548 wound, 117 PILs gave advice, with the most common recommendation being 15  min (30/117, 25.6%), followed closely by 10  min (26/117, 22.2%). Of the 137 PILs received, 125 gave advice regarding @entity86 , with @entity1443 alone being the most common recommendation (24/125, 19.2%). For the remaining parameters, 111/137 (81.0%) PILs described >=   2 signs of @entity281 , 42/137 (30.7%) recommended the application of petroleum jelly, 65/137 (47.4%) mentioned scarring, 137/137 (100%) highlighted whom to contact if there were postoperative problems and 87/137 (63.5%) PILs gave advice regarding postoperative abstinence from active exercise. CONCLUSIONS: The advice given in dermatology postoperative PILs across England and Wales is highly variable. A nationally agreed template or set of postoperative advice should be considered to improve consistency.

title: Dermatological postoperative XXXX information leaflets: is it time for more uniformity?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['NHS', 'National Health Service']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Over the last three decades, @entity981 ( @entity981 ) of childhood has turned from a once fatal condition into a disease that can be cured in about two-thirds of @entity1 . Nevertheless, about 30% of these @entity1 relapse with a dismal prognosis. Achievement of complete remission is an essential step in successful therapy. However, @entity1 in complete remission as defined by morphologic criteria can still harbor more than 10(9) leukemic cells. We have recently shown that @entity66 is detected in most @entity1 after completion of therapy. The amount of persistent 'indolent' disease that is actually present in a particular @entity1 and the degree to which it must be reduced to maintain a long-term remission is largely unknown. In order to address this question, and hence to tailor efficient therapy in accordance with the needs of the individual @entity1 , a multitude of techniques for the detection of @entity66 have been developed over the last few years. The most commonly used techniques are the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. These sensitive assays have revolutionized this area of research. The heterogeneity of the results obtained, however, still precludes widespread clinical applicability of these techniques.

title: @entity66 in XXXX of childhood: methods of detection and clinical relevance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relationship between coping styles and @entity146 has received considerable attention and instruments have been developed to assess coping strategies. The measurement by means of category systems has been criticized and a functional hierarchy of action types linked to the adaptive processes is preferred. We aimed to determine which factors may exist within the Brief- @entity5786 (Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced - @entity5786 - Inventory) in an Italian sample of @entity1 with @entity148 ; and if these factors correlate with the severity of psychopathology or with other characteristics. METHODS: A total sample of 148 @entity1 was recruited. The Brief- @entity5786 inventory, the Symptom Check List 90-Revised, the Penn State Worry Questionnaire, the Zung @entity148 Status Inventory and the Zung Self-Rating @entity148 Scale were administered. RESULTS: Factor analysis of the Brief- @entity5786 yielded nine factors accounting for 65.48% of the variance. @entity1 scored higher on Searching Support, followed by Acceptance, Changing Perspective, and Problem Solving. Associations between measures of psychopathology and factors of coping strategies, mostly Searching support and Avoidance, were found. CONCLUSIONS: Data of the present study support a nine-factor structure of the Brief- @entity5786 that includes five broad dimensions of coping. Psychopathology was mostly related to Searching support and Avoidance factors, showing that these strategies may reflect ineffective ways of coping; Problem solving and Changing perspective could be a valid approach to moderate @entity148 / @entity308 symptoms and psychopathology in general.

title: Coping strategies in a sample of @entity148 XXXX : factorial analysis and associations with psychopathology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Abstract During hovering flight, animals can increase the wing velocity and therefore the net aerodynamic force per @entity64 by increasing wingbeat frequency, @entity64 , or both. The magnitude and orientation of aerodynamic forces are also influenced by the geometric angle of attack, timing of wing rotation, wing contact, and pattern of deviation from the primary @entity64 plane. Most of the kinematic data available for flying animals are average values for @entity64 and wingbeat frequency because these features are relatively easy to measure, but it is frequently suggested that the more subtle and difficult-to-measure features of wing kinematics can explain variation in force production for different @entity146 . Here, we test this hypothesis with multicamera high-speed recording and digitization of wing kinematics of @entity5157 ( @entity5157 ) hovering and ascending in air and hovering in a hypodense gas (heliox: 21% O2, 79% He). @entity5157 employed @entity64 (86.7      7.9  ) and high wingbeat frequencies (226.8    12.8 Hz) when hovering in air. When ascending in air or hovering in heliox, @entity5157 increased @entity64 amplitude by 30%-45%, which yielded a much higher wing tip velocity relative to that during simple hovering in air. Across the three flight conditions, there were no statistical differences in the amplitude of wing @entity64 deviation, minimum and @entity64 -averaged geometric angle of attack, maximum wing rotation velocity, or even wingbeat frequency. We employed a quasi-steady aerodynamic model to estimate the effects of wing tip velocity and geometric angle of attack on lift and drag. Lift forces were sensitive to variation in wing tip velocity, whereas drag was sensitive to both variation in wing tip velocity and angle of attack. @entity5157 utilized kinematic patterns that did not maximize lift production but rather maintained lift-to-drag ratio. Thus, our data indicate that, at least for @entity5157 , the overall time course of wing angles is generally preserved and modulation of wing tip velocity is sufficient to perform a diverse set of vertical @entity146 .

title: Hovering Flight in the @entity5157 XXXX : Kinematic Mechanisms for Varying Aerodynamic Forces.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['wing stroke amplitude', 'low stroke amplitudes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity5157 :: ('7460', 'Species') :: ['bees', 'Apis mellifera', 'honeybees', 'Bees']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['flight behaviors']

answer: @entity5157 :: (7460,Species) :: ['Apis mellifera']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: to identify organisational determinants of adherence to evidence-based drug treatments after @entity583 ( @entity583 ), under the hypothesis that low adherence is associated with higher mortality and risk of reinfarction. In particular, we investigated the effect of group vs. single handed practice and multi-professional practice characteristics on @entity1 ' adherence to polytherapy after @entity583 . DESIGN: retrospective cohort study. SETTING AND @entity1 : residents in the Local Health Authority of Bologna (Italy) who were discharged from any Italian hospital between 2008 and 2011 with a diagnosis of @entity583 , and followed-up for a year. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: adherence to at least three out of the four drug therapies recommended for secondary prevention of @entity583 ( @entity2246 , b-blockers, antiplatelet agents, @entity6817 ). @entity1 who had at least 80% of days of follow-up covered by drug doses were considered adherent. RESULTS: of the 4,828 post- @entity583 @entity1 , 31.6% were adherent to polytherapy. General practice characteristics were unrelated to adherence, whereas discharge from cardiology hospital wards was significantly associated with higher @entity1 ' adherence (OR 1.97; 95%CI 1.56-2.48). CONCLUSION: general practice organisational models are not associated with higher adherence to evidence-based medications after @entity583 , whereas cardiologists seem to play a key role in improving @entity1 adherence to polytherapy. Healthcare delivery models should be designed; in them, general practitioners are responsible for the provision of @entity1 -centred care pathways and for care co-ordination with other primary care professionals and specialists, and take an advocacy role for the @entity1 when needed.

title: [Organisational determinants of adherence to secondary prevention medications after XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: AIMS: To investigate the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and total and @entity65 in a population-based cohort of @entity6 subjects. METHODS: A longitudinal study using a population-based district @entity6 register comprising 3288 subjects in South Tees, UK. The eGFR was calculated using the @entity8 ( @entity8 ) study equation. @entity1 were stratified by baseline eGFR into five stages as per the National Kidney Foundation guidelines: Stage 1, eGFR > 90; Stage 2, eGFR 60-89; Stage 3, eGFR 30-59; Stage 4, eGFR 15-29; and Stage 5, eGFR < 15 ml/min per 1.73 m(2). Main outcome was all-cause and @entity65 between 1 January 1994 and 31 July 2004. RESULTS: At baseline, mean age (58.4 years) differed between groups. @entity1 with lower eGFR were older (P < 0.001). Thirty-six percent (n = 1193, males 56%) had died by 10 years (cardiovascular cause in 60%). Median follow-up was 10.5 years amounting to 28 342 @entity1 years. Stages 4 and 5 (eGFR <or= 29 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)) were amalgamated for mortality analysis. Total and @entity65 increased with reduced eGFR. @entity2166 (HR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] for all-cause mortality comparing groups 2 and 3, and 4 and 5 combined with group 1 were 1.28 (1.02, 1.60), 2.58 (2.05, 3.25) and 6.42 (4.25, 9.71), respectively. Adjusted HRs (95% CI) for mortality due to circulatory disease comparing groups 2 and 3, and 4 and 5 combined with group 1 were 1.50 (1.10, 2.06), 3.32 (2.41, 4.58) and 7.99 (4.69, 13.62), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity6 subjects, mortality increases significantly with reduced GFR. Low eGFR identifies @entity1 at high risk of @entity65 who should be targeted for aggressive risk factor modification.

title: All-cause and @entity65 in @entity6 subjects increases significantly with reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR): 10 years' data from the South Tees XXXX study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'Patients', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['MDRD', 'Modification of Diet in Renal Disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2166 :: ('MESH:D000275', 'Disease') :: ['Adjusted hazard ratios']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes Mortality']


abstract: We examined the relationship between a researcher-rated and a self-report method of insight assessment in @entity1 with @entity161 . Previous research has established that a moderate correlation exists between several researcher-rated and self-report insight scales. Hence, we wanted to investigate this association using another combination of assessment techniques. Accordingly, 34 @entity1 with chronic @entity161 were administered the Scale to Assess Unawareness of @entity146 (SUMD) and the Birchwood self-report Insight Scale (IS). We found a significantly lower report of insight on the Birchwood IS, regardless of administration order. These findings suggest that inherent bias within the @entity1 -examiner interaction may be responsible for this discrepancy. Overall, a significant positive correlation was observed between total scores on the SUMD and the Birchwood self-report IS. Unexpectedly, there was a remarkable difference in correlation with respect to the order of test administration. The "self-report first" group's scores were strongly correlated, whereas the "researcher-rated first" group's scores showed little relation. These results demonstrate the importance of investigating the effects of administration order, and also question the reliability of other correlational studies between researcher-rated and self-report insight scales that have failed to employ a counterbalanced research design.

title: A comparison between an interview and a self-report method of insight assessment in chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorder']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a combination of @entity1206 (VNR) and @entity1205 ( @entity4420 ) as first-line chemotherapy in @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The study group comprised 40 @entity1 with untreated metastatic @entity0 with visceral (85%) and bone (70%) metastases. Of the 40 @entity1 , 24 (60%) had previously received adjuvant chemotherapy, which had included anthracyclines in 12 @entity1 (30%). Treatment consisted of VNR 25 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 5, and @entity4420 75 mg/m(2) on day 1 every 3 weeks. Depending on the neutrophil nadir (grade 3 or 4 @entity1398 by WHO criteria) recombinant @entity1 @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) 5 micro g/kg on days 2-4 and 6-13 was given for all subsequent treatment cycles. RESULTS: The overall response rate (ORR) was 40% (95% confidence interval, CI 15-65). Six @entity1 (15%) achieved a complete response (CR) and ten @entity1 (25%) achieved a partial response (PR). @entity66 ( @entity66 ) was observed in six @entity1 (15%), and 18 @entity1 (45%) had @entity74 ( @entity74 ). The median duration of response was 8 months and the median predictive @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) was 6 months. The main @entity137 was @entity1398 grade 3 and 4 in 28 @entity1 (70%). @entity1398 requiring hospitalization occurred in 12 @entity1 (30%). Grade 3 or 4 @entity417 was seen in two @entity1 (5%) and grade 3 or 4 @entity882 was seen in one @entity1 (2.5%). Severe nonhematologic @entity137 , except @entity1665 , was uncommon and included @entity3136 in two @entity1 (5%), @entity391 in two (5%) and @entity294 in one (2.5%). There were no treatment-related @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: The combination of VNR and @entity4420 at the doses used in this study showed moderate activity as first-line chemotherapy in metastatic @entity0 . @entity1398 was considerable despite @entity1261 administration.

title: XXXX and @entity1205 as first-line chemotherapy in metastatic @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient', 'women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor', 'G-CSF']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['SD', 'Stable disease']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['time to progression', 'TTP']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia', 'neutropenia', 'Febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity1206 :: (MESH:C030852,Chemical) :: ['Vinorelbine']


abstract: We investigated the in vivo and in vitro effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment (4 mg/kg i.p.) on @entity840 airway smooth muscle reactivity and epithelial bioelectric responses to @entity2710 (MCh) and @entity1602 . Hyperosmolar challenge of the epithelium releases epithelium-derived relaxing factor (EpDRF). Using a two-chamber, whole body plethysmograph 18 h post-treatment, animals treated with LPS were hyporeactive to inhaled MCh aerosol. This could involve an increase in the release and/or actions of EpDRF, because LPS treatment enhanced EpDRF-induced smooth @entity121 in vitro in the isolated perfused @entity825 apparatus. In isolated perfused tracheas the basal transepithelial potential difference (Vt) was increased after LPS treatment. The increase in Vt was inhibited by @entity6478 and @entity3352 . Concentration-response curves for changes in Vt in response to serosally and mucosally applied MCh were biphasic (hyperpolarization, <3 x 10(-7)M; depolarization, >3 x 10(-7)M); MCh was more potent when applied serosally. The hyperpolarization response to MCh, but not the depolarization response, was potentiated after LPS treatment. In both treatment groups, mucosally applied hyperosmolar solution (using added @entity1219 ) depolarized the epithelium; this response was greater in tracheas from LPS-treated animals. The results of this study indicate that airway hyporeactivity in vivo after LPS treatment is accompanied by an increase in the release and/or actions of EpDRF in vitro. These changes may involve LPS-induced bioelectric alterations in the epithelium.

title: Hyperosmolar solution effects in XXXX airways. IV. Lipopolysaccharide-induced alterations in airway reactivity and epithelial bioelectric responses to @entity2710 and @entity1602 .

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle relaxation']

entities_list: @entity6478 :: ('MESH:D000584', 'Chemical') :: ['amiloride']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperosmolarity']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study sought to evaluate the predictors of @entity5 in the 2012 international consensus guidelines for @entity4929 ( @entity4929 ) and validate their diagnostic value relative to the 2006 guidelines. METHODS: Between 2002 and 2014, 177 consecutive @entity1 who underwent curative resection of IPMN were reviewed. Based on the 2012 guidelines, high-risk stigmata (mural nodule with enhancement, main pancreatic duct [MPD]  >=   10  mm, and @entity3883 ) and worrisome features (cyst size  >=   30  mm, thickened cyst wall, mural nodule without enhancement, MPD 5-9  mm, an abrupt change in MPD diameter, and @entity3329 ) were assessed, and predictive and diagnostic values were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis identified @entity3883 (odds ratio [OR], 23.9; P  <  .0001), abrupt change in MPD diameter (OR, 3.01; P  =  .017) and @entity3329 (OR, 5.84; P  =  .027) as independent predictive factors, with an accuracy of 69.8, 67.4, and 66.3%, respectively. Operative intervention was indicated in 156 @entity1 (94.0%) using the 2006 guidelines, and in 130 (78.3%) using the 2012 guidelines. The accuracy of the 2006 guidelines was 35.5% compared with 44.8% for the 2012 guidelines. The area under the curve (AUC) for the 2006 and 2012 guidelines was 0.65 and 0.67, respectively;   AUC was 0.02, which was not statistically significant. When the worrisome features were combined with high-risk stigmata, the AUC increased to 0.79. CONCLUSION: @entity3883 , abrupt change in MPD diameter, and @entity3329 were independent predictive factors in the 2012 guidelines with high accuracy. Using the new guidelines, the number of @entity1 with IPMN managed with observation and the predictive accuracy increased.

title: Comparison of the international consensus guidelines for predicting XXXX in @entity4929 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['Obstructive jaundice', 'obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['IPMNs', 'intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']