abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 simulators are computer-controlled mannequins that may increase realism during @entity130 training by providing real-time changes in vital signs and physical findings during @entity130 scenarios. We hypothesized that @entity130 assessment training on a @entity1 simulator would be as effective as training with a more traditional moulage @entity1 /actor. METHODS: This study was conducted during a surgery intern orientation at two academic @entity130 centers. Interns (n = 60) attended a basic @entity130 course, and were then randomized to @entity130 assessment practice sessions with either the @entity1 simulator (n = 30) or a moulage @entity1 (n = 30). After practice sessions, interns were randomized a second time to an individual @entity130 assessment test on either the simulator or the moulage @entity1 . Two surgeon-judges rated each intern live and on video for completion of 50 predetermined assessment objectives (total score) divided into sections (primary and secondary survey, general performance, diagnostic studies/procedures, and plan) and the identification and management of an acute @entity16 in the test @entity1 (event score). Multiple linear regression with random student effects was used to estimate the independent effects of all study variables. RESULTS: Within randomized groups, mean @entity130 assessment test scores for all simulator-trained interns were higher when compared with all moulage-trained interns (71 +/- 8 vs. 66 +/- 8, respectively; p = 0.02). Simulator training independently showed a small but statistically significant improvement in both the total score and the event score (+4.6 and +8.6, respectively; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Use of a @entity1 simulator to introduce @entity130 assessment training is feasible and compares favorably to training in a moulage setting. Continued research in this area of physician education is warranted.

title: Trauma assessment training with a XXXX simulator: a prospective, randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patient', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deterioration']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Thyroidectomy continues to be the least common form of therapy for @entity2743 in the US, presumably based upon concerns about injuries to the recurrent laryngeal nerves and/or parathyroid glands. STUDY DESIGN: Concurrent and retrospective data were collected on 65 consecutive @entity1 undergoing subtotal or total thyroidectomy for @entity2743 at one community-type hospital by one surgeon from 1992 to 2010. RESULTS: A total of 65 @entity1 (50 @entity1 , 15 @entity1 ) with a mean age of 38 years underwent subtotal (52.3%) or near total or total thyroidectomy (47.7%). Six @entity1 (9.2%) had high lying or @entity63 parathyroid glands reimplanted into the ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid muscle at the completion of the thyroidectomy, and none developed @entity3747 . No injuries to the recurrent laryngeal nerve or external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve occurred. Seven @entity1 (10.8%) had 1 parathyroid gland removed inadvertently during thyroidectomy, but none developed @entity3747 . Nine @entity1 (13.8%) were discharged from the hospital on supplemental @entity460 tablets for symptomatic or asymptomatic @entity3747 ( @entity460 < 7.5 mg/dL). Four @entity1 were weaned off @entity460 tablets, and 5, all of whom had normocalcemia on supplementation, were lost to long-term follow-up. One @entity1 had reopening of the cervical incision under the same anesthetic for stridor that was subsequently found to have been caused by @entity2348 , and 2 other @entity1 had reoperations for a cervical @entity1410 (same day) and a reaction to @entity1287 with facial and cervical @entity4 (tracheostomy, 11th day). No @entity1 is known to have developed a recurrence of @entity2743 . CONCLUSIONS: Total thyroidectomy offers a rapid and complete cure for @entity2743 . Extensive thyroidectomy for Graves' goiters can be safely performed in a community-type hospital.

title: Thyroidectomy is optimal treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial tonsillitis']

entities_list: @entity1287 :: ('MESH:D006853', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocodone']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['Graves' disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that modulates gene expression in @entity1 cells including T cells. @entity2414 cells are heterogeneous populations. @entity1 effector memory (EM) @entity405 (+) T cells in peripheral blood contain two cell subsets with distinct traits that express low and high levels of the @entity6978 . However, epigenetic mechanisms involved in defining such cellular traits are largely unknown. In this study, we use genome-wide DNA methylation and individual gene expression to show the possible role of DNA methylation in conferring distinct traits of @entity6722 and inflammatory responses in @entity1 @entity6978 (low) and @entity6978 (high) EM @entity405 (+) T cells. In particular, @entity6978 (low) EM @entity405 (+) T cells had increased expression of @entity9173 along with decreased DNA methylation in the @entity9173 gene promoter compared with @entity6978 (high) EM @entity405 (+) T cells. Altering the DNA methylation status of the @entity9173 gene promoter changed its activity and gene expression. @entity6978 (low) EM @entity405 (+) T cells had an increased migratory capacity to the @entity9173 ligand fractalkine compared with @entity6978 (high) EM @entity405 (+) T cells, suggesting an important biological outcome of the differential expression of @entity9173 . Moreover, @entity6978 (low) EM @entity405 (+) T cells induced fractalkine expression on endothelial cells by producing @entity379 and @entity310 , forming an autocrine amplification loop. Overall, our study shows the role of DNA methylation in generating unique cellular traits in @entity1 @entity6978 (low) and @entity6978 (high) EM @entity405 (+) T cells, including differential expression of @entity9173 , as well as potential biological implications of this differential expression.

title: DNA Methylation Regulates the Differential Expression of XXXX on @entity1 IL-7Ralow and IL-7Rahigh Effector Memory @entity405 + T Cells with Distinct Migratory Capacities to the Fractalkine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity6722 :: ('MESH:C565534', 'Disease') :: ['chemotaxis']

answer: @entity9173 :: (1524,Gene) :: ['CX3CR1']


abstract: BACKGROUND:    Bicuspid aortic valves predispose to ascending @entity449 , but the mechanisms underlying this aortopathy remain incompletely characterized.   We sought to identify epigenetic pathways predisposing to @entity439 formation in bicuspid @entity1 . METHODS:    Ascending aortic @entity439 tissue samples were collected at the time of aortic replacement in subjects with bicuspid and trileaflet aortic valves.   Genome-wide DNA methylation status was determined on DNA from tissue using the Illumina 450K methylation chip, and gene expression was profiled on the same samples using Illumina Whole-Genome DASL arrays.   Gene methylation and expression were compared between bicuspid and trileaflet individuals using an unadjusted Wilcoxon rank sum test.    RESULTS:    Twenty-seven probes in 9 genes showed significant differential methylation and expression (P<5.5x10-4).   The top gene was protein @entity4149 phosphatase, non-receptor type 22 ( @entity5812 ), which was hypermethylated (delta beta range: +15.4 to +16.0%) and underexpressed (log 2 gene expression intensity: bicuspid 5.1 vs. trileaflet 7.9, P=2x10-5) in bicuspid @entity1 , as compared to tricuspid @entity1 .   Numerous genes involved in cardiovascular development were also differentially methylated, but not differentially expressed, including @entity17712 (4 probes, delta beta range:   -10.0 to -22.9%), which when mutated causes the syndrome of @entity2334 and dissections CONCLUSIONS:    Using an integrated, unbiased genomic approach, we have identified novel genes associated with ascending @entity449 in @entity1 with bicuspid aortic valves, modulated through epigenetic mechanisms.   The top gene was @entity5812 , which is involved in T-cell receptor signaling and associated with various @entity1200 .   These differences highlight novel potential mechanisms of @entity439 development in the bicuspid population.

title: Epigenetic profiling identifies novel genes for ascending aortic XXXX formation with bicuspid aortic valves.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['familial thoracic aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune disorders']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysm']


abstract: The abnormal deposition of amyloid-b (Ab) peptides in the brain is the main neuropathological hallmark of @entity195 ( @entity195 ). @entity527 are formed by a heterogeneous mixture of Ab peptides, among which the most studied are Ab40 and Ab42. Ab40 is abundantly produced in the @entity1 brain, but the level of Ab42 is remarkably increased in the brain of @entity195 @entity1 . Aside from Ab40 and Ab42, recent data have raised the possibility that Ab43 peptides may be instrumental in @entity195 pathogenesis. Besides its length, whether the Ab aggregated form accounts for the @entity2359 is also particularly controversial. Ab fibrils are generally considered as key pathogenic substances in @entity195 pathogenesis. Nevertheless, recent data implicated soluble Ab oligomers as the main cause of @entity409 and @entity2414 in @entity195 . To further address this uncertainty, we analyzed the @entity2359 of different Ab species and Ab forms at the cellular level. The results showed that Ab42 could form oligomers significantly faster than Ab40 and Ab43 and Ab42 oligomers showed the greatest level of @entity2359 . Regardless of the length of Ab peptides, Ab oligomers induced significantly higher @entity137 compared with the other two Ab forms. Surprisingly, the @entity2359 of fibrils in PC12 cells was only marginally but not significantly stronger than monomers, contrary to previous reports. Altogether, our findings demonstrate the high pathogenicity of Ab42 among the three Ab species and support the idea that Ab42 oligomers contribute to the pathological events leading to @entity179 in @entity195 . Copyright    2017 European Peptide Society and John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Comparison of XXXX of different aggregated forms of Ab40, Ab42 and Ab43 in cell cultures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['Amyloid deposits']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['synaptic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory loss']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity2359 :: (MESH:D020258,Disease) :: ['neurotoxicity']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the benefits of frenotomy on breastfeeding in @entity1 , and determine the influence of age. METHODS: A telephone questionnaire of all @entity1 diagnosed with @entity9826 12 months was conducted pre-intervention and 1-month post-intervention. The @entity1 Breastfeeding Assessment Tool was used to assess breastfeeding. RESULTS: Of 54 @entity1 diagnosed with tongue-tie, 78 per cent of mothers participated in the survey. Eighty-six per cent of @entity1 underwent frenotomy, with no surgical complications. In the frenotomy group, 81 per cent of mothers reported improvement in breastfeeding, versus 17 per cent in the non-surgical group (p = 0.0074). In the frenotomy group, the mean (  standard deviation) @entity1 Breastfeeding Assessment Tool score was 3.33    1.51 pre-intervention, versus 9.19    2.44 post-intervention (p = 0.0001). In the non-surgical intervention group, the mean score (  standard deviation) was 4.17    0.75 pre-intervention, versus 6.00    1.73 post-intervention (p = 0.16). For @entity1 who underwent frenotomy, there was a reported improvement in 94 per cent of those aged less than 30 days, versus 68 per cent in @entity1 aged over 30 days (p = 0.092). CONCLUSION: Frenotomy is a safe, short procedure that improves breastfeeding outcomes, and is best performed at an early age.

title: XXXX to treat breastfeeding difficulties: our experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Infant', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity9826 :: ('MESH:C562396', 'Disease') :: ['tongue-tie over']

answer: @entity9826 :: (MESH:C562396,Disease) :: ['Tongue-tie division']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of lumbar paraspinal muscles in adults with @entity19339 ( @entity19339 ), to compare them with those in the normative population, and to evaluate their correlations with demographic factors and MRI changes in various spinal elements. METHODS The authors conducted a retrospective study of @entity1 who had undergone posterior lumbar interbody fusion for @entity19339 , and 2 of the authors acting as independent observers calculated the CSAs of various lumbar paraspinal muscles (psoas, erector spinae [ES], multifidus [MF]) on preoperative axial T2-weighted MR images from the L-3 to L-5 vertebral levels and computed the CSAs as ratios with respect to the corresponding vertebral body areas. These values were then compared with those in an age- and sex-matched normative population and were analyzed with respect to age, sex, duration of symptoms, grade of listhesis, and various MRI changes at the level of the listhesis (pedicle signal change, @entity1797 , and facetal @entity2720 ). RESULTS Compared with values in normative controls, the mean CSA value for the ES muscle was significantly higher in the study cohort of 120 @entity1 (p = 0.002), whereas that for the MF muscle was significantly lower (p = 0.009), and more so in the @entity1 with @entity991 (p = 0.002). Magnetic resonance imaging signal change in the pedicle was seen in half of the @entity1 , all of whom demonstrated a Type 2 change. Of the variables tested in a multivariate analysis, age independently predicted lower area values for all 3 muscles (p  <= 0.001), whereas female sex predicted a lower mean psoas area value (p < 0.001). None of the other variables significantly predicted any of the muscle area values. A decrease in the mean MF muscle area value alone was associated with a significantly increased likelihood of a @entity991 (p = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS Compared with normative controls, @entity1 with @entity19339 suffer selective @entity194 of their MF muscle, whereas their ES muscle undergoes a compensatory @entity1184 . Advancing age has a detrimental effect on the areas of the lumbar PSMs, whereas female sex predisposes to a @entity121 . Multifidus @entity2057 correlates with @entity991 , indicating the role of this deep stabilizer in the biomechanical stability of spondylolisthetic spines. This may be of clinical significance in targeted physiotherapy programs during the conservative management of @entity19339 .

title: Lumbar paraspinal muscle morphometry and its correlations with demographic and radiological factors in adult XXXX : a retrospective review of 120 surgically managed cases.

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity19339 :: ('MESH:D013168', 'Disease') :: ['IS', 'isthmic spondylolisthesis']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['decreased psoas muscle area']

answer: @entity19339 :: (MESH:D013168,Disease) :: ['isthmic spondylolisthesis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 45-year-old male presented to our clinic with complaining of @entity811 for a month. The investigations showed a 59 * 24-mm myxoid mass on the right lateral bladder wall and this was removed with transurethral resection. The histopathology evaluation result was @entity4797 (classic type). The medical history revealed that the @entity1 had undergone inguinal orchiectomy for a @entity5 10 years before and the diagnosis was @entity4797 . He received chemotherapy following the orchiectomy, but had not gone for follow-up after the first year. There was no other @entity3 and he was put on the @entity1260 , @entity2879 , @entity900 (IPE) protocol. The @entity1 has been disease-free for the last 5 months and the @entity5 markers and cystoscopy were normal. @entity5 can rarely cause other organ metastases in the late stage even if curative surgery and chemo-radiotherapy were initially administered. Proper follow-up is crucial. It is also necessary to query the @entity5 history when a @entity5 in any organ is considered.

title: Rare late XXXX of testis @entity4797 to the bladder.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testis tumour', 'Testis tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity4797 :: ('MESH:D018239', 'Disease') :: ['classic type seminoma', 'seminoma']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['iphosphamide']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to elucidate the optimal candidate of selective lymph node dissection (LND) that reduces the extent of mediastinal LND according to clinical information including radiological evaluation in primary @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 . METHODS: Eight hundred and seventy-six @entity1 with clinical(c)-stage I @entity1149 ( @entity420 and @entity957 ), who underwent complete surgical resection between January 2003 and December 2009 were included in this study. We elucidated the lymph node metastatic incidence and distribution according to the @entity5 lobe location and extracted the associated clinicopathological factors, especially thin-section computed tomographic findings, with mediastinal lymph node involvement. RESULTS: The total incidence of mediastinal lymph node @entity3 was 9.1%. There were no cases with hilar and mediastinal lymph node @entity3 in ground glass opacity-predominant @entity5 . There was no significant association of clinical factors with subcarinal lymph node @entity3 in right @entity1315 and left upper-division @entity420 . An elevated preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen level (p < 0.001) showed significant associations with upper mediastinal lymph node @entity3 in the @entity1 with bilateral lower-lobe primary @entity2220 . CONCLUSIONS: It would be acceptable to perform selective LND in @entity1 with c-stage I @entity1149 with ground glass opacity- predominant @entity5 . Elevated serum carcinoembryonic antigen was associated with upper mediastinal lymph node involvement in lower-lobe primary @entity2220 with radiologically solid-predominant @entity5 . We should be careful when applying selective LND to @entity1 with solid-predominant @entity5 , especially located in the lower lobe.

title: Mediastinal nodal involvement in @entity1 with clinical stage I XXXX : possibility of rational lymph node dissection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Protein-energy and micronutrient @entity3147 are global public health problems which, when not prevented and severe, require medical management by clinicians with nutrition expertise, preferably as a collectively skilled team, especially when disease-related. This study aimed to investigate barriers and facilitators of clinical nutrition services (CNS), especially the use of oral, enteral (EN) and @entity5275 ( @entity5275 ) nutrition in institutional and home settings. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: An international survey was performed between January and December 2014 in twenty-six countries from all continents. Electronic questionnaires were distributed to 28 representatives of clinical nutrition ( @entity33814 ) societies, 27 of whom responded. The questionnaire comprised questions regarding a country's economy, reimbursement for CNS, education about and the use of EN and @entity5275 . RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity3147 was not related to gross domestic product (GDP) at purchasing power parity (PPP) per capita (p=0.186). EN and @entity5275 were used in all countries surveyed (100%), but to different extents. Reimbursement of neither EN nor @entity5275 use depended on GDP, but was associated with increased use of EN and @entity5275 in hospitals (p=0.035), although not evident for home or chronic care facilities. The size of GDP did not affect the use of EN (p=0.256), but it mattered for @entity5275 (p=0.019). CONCLUSIONS: A worldwide survey by nutrition support societies did not find a link between national economic performance and the implementation of medical nutrition services. Reimbursement for CNS, available through health insurance systems, is a factor in effective nutrition management.

title: Health insurance or subsidy has universal advantage for management of hospital XXXX unrelated to GDP.

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity5275 :: ('MESH:D015819', 'Disease') :: ['parenteral', 'PN']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['malnutrition']


abstract: @entity291 @entity1271 is an inflammation of the mammary glands of @entity291 and causes significant economic losses in dairy @entity291 . @entity794 is one of the microorganisms most commonly isolated. Novel agents are required in agricultural industries to prevent the development of @entity1271 . The production of biofilm by Staph. aureus facilitates the adhesion of bacteria to solid surfaces and contributes to the transmission and maintenance of these bacteria. The effect of the essential oils of Syzygium aromaticum (clove; EOSA) and Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon; EOCZ) and their major components, @entity4744 and @entity7655 , on Staph. aureus biofilm formation on different surfaces was investigated. The results showed a significant inhibition of biofilm production by EOSA on @entity852 and stainless steel surfaces (69.4 and 63.6%, respectively). However, its major component, @entity4744 , was less effective on @entity852 and stainless steel (52.8 and 19.6%, respectively). Both EOCZ and its major component, @entity7655 , significantly reduced biofilm formation on @entity852 (74.7 and 69.6%, respectively) and on stainless steel surfaces (45.3 and 44.9%, respectively). These findings suggest that EOSA, EOCZ, and @entity7655 may be considered for applications such as sanitization in the food industry.

title: Effect of essential oils of Syzygium aromaticum and Cinnamomum zeylanicum and their major components on biofilm production in @entity794 strains isolated from milk of @entity291 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity852 :: ('MESH:D011137', 'Chemical') :: ['polystyrene']

entities_list: @entity7655 :: ('MESH:C012843', 'Chemical') :: ['cinnamaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['cows', 'cattle', 'Bovine']

answer: @entity1271 :: (MESH:D008413,Disease) :: ['mastitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity146 ( @entity146 ) is a locally infiltrating soft-tissue @entity5 . In a population-based study in the Netherlands, we evaluated time trends for the incidence and treatment of @entity146 . METHODS: In PALGA: Dutch Pathology Registry, all @entity1 diagnosed between 1993 and 2013 as having extra-abdominal or abdominal wall aggressive @entity81 were identified and available pathology data of the @entity1 were evaluated. Epidemiological and treatment-related factors were analyzed with    (2)and regression analysis. RESULTS: During the study period, 1134 @entity1 were identified. The incidence increased from 2.10 to 5.36 per million @entity1 per year. Median age at the time of diagnosis increased annually by B 0.285 (P  =  0.001). Female gender prevailed and increased over time [annual odds ratio (OR) 1.022; P  =  0.058]. All anatomic localizations, but in particular truncal @entity5 , became more frequent. During the study period diagnostic histological biopsies were performed more often (annual OR 1.096; P  <  0.001). The proportion of @entity1 who underwent surgical treatment decreased (annual OR 0.928; P  <  0.001). When resection was preceded by biopsy, 49.8  % of the @entity1 had R0-resection versus 30.7  % in @entity1 without biopsy (P  <  0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In this population-based study, an increasing incidence of extra-abdominal and abdominal-wall aggressive @entity81 was observed. The workup of @entity1 improved and a trend towards a nonsurgical treatment policy was observed.

title: Time Trends in the Incidence and Treatment of Extra-Abdominal and XXXX : A Population-Based Study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['AF', 'Aggressive fibromatosis']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['Abdominal Aggressive Fibromatosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between donor tissue characteristics and surgical outcomes in @entity1 with @entity13189 ( @entity13189 ) 2 years after undergoing Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK). METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed identifying 70 eyes with @entity13189 that underwent DSAEK. Donor @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ), donor @entity204 to preservation time, donor storage time, donor age, and postoperative recipient @entity1358 were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using univariate linear regression analysis and bidirectional elimination multiple stepwise linear regression. RESULTS: Cornea donor age was a predictor of postoperative @entity1358 at postoperative years 1 and 2 (P = 0.02, adjusted R = 0.07 and P = 0.002, adjusted R = 0.13, respectively). Donor age was also a predictor of postoperative @entity1358 at years 1 and 2 after taking into account donor @entity1358 , @entity204 to preservation time, and donor storage time (P = 0.02, adjusted R = 0.62 and P = 0.002, adjusted R = 0.12, respectively). Donor @entity204 to preservation time was a predictor of postoperative @entity1358 at only postoperative year 2 (P = 0.03, adjusted R = 0.05). Donor storage time and donor @entity1358 did not significantly impact postoperative @entity1358 . CONCLUSIONS: Although donor age seems to have a statistically significant impact on postoperative @entity1358 in @entity1 with @entity13189 undergoing DSAEK, the relationship is weak. Other donor parameters did not have a consistent or significant impact on postoperative @entity1358 .

title: Impact of donor characteristics on 2-year descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty outcomes in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial cell density', 'ECD']

entities_list: @entity13189 :: ('MESH:D005642', 'Disease') :: ['FED', 'Fuchs endothelial dystrophy']

answer: @entity13189 :: (MESH:D005642,Disease) :: ['fuchs endothelial dystrophy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity63 -modified albumin (IMA), a novel biochemical marker, is known to reflect @entity63 in early phases of @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ). In the present study, we evaluated the role of IMA on the prediction of @entity453 burden and @entity63 burden in @entity1 with non-ST-segment-elevation @entity1187 (NSTEACS). @entity1 AND METHODS: Ninety-six consecutive NSTEACS @entity1 presented within the first three hours of symptom onset were prospectively enrolled in this study. Blood samples were collected in the first 30 min of admission for IMA measurement. Serum levels of IMA were analyzed using the rapid and colorimetric method and reported in absorbance units (ABSU). Coronary plaque burden was assessed by using angiographic Gensini score (GS). In addition, @entity1 were divided into large (LIBG) and small @entity63 burden (SIBG) groups based on angiography findings. RESULTS: @entity1 were dichotomized into two groups according to median GS as follows; with GS <=  44 and GS > 44, respectively. Mean IMA was significantly higher in GS > 44 group as compared to GS <=  44 group (0.746    0.15 vs. 0.550    0.12 ABSU, p < 0.001). The GS was positively correlated with the levels of IMA (r = 0.673, p < 0.001). IMA was significantly higher in LIBG as compared to SIBG (0.745    0.16 vs. 0.570    0.13 ABSU, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: IMA measurement in early phases of NSTEACS may give predictive information about @entity63 burden and @entity453 burden; thus, may be useful in decision-making about treatment options in these @entity1 .

title: Association between the plasma levels of IMA and @entity453 burden and XXXX burden in early phase of non-ST-segment-elevation @entity1187 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome', 'acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerotic plaque']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of a broad panel of antibodies used as diagnostic markers for @entity361 in uterine @entity242 . The expression of @entity2277 , @entity1325 / @entity1326 , @entity3960 ( @entity3960 ), @entity2283 , h-caldesmon, actin, @entity33451 , @entity2282 , @entity2279 , @entity469 , @entity2467 , factor VIII, HMB-45, and @entity2281 protein was studied in 397 uterine @entity242 . @entity3960 was positive in 90% of the @entity1822 and when combined with @entity2283 or h-caldesmon, a positivity of 96% and 92%, respectively, was achieved. Actin and @entity33451 were positive in 4 of 5 @entity980 . @entity6019 reacted positive with @entity2282 in 62 of 84 @entity5 and negative with h-caldesmon in 75 of 84 @entity5 . @entity2282 was the most frequent positive marker in @entity6020 . Most @entity5 markers stained negative in undifferentiated uterine @entity242 , but 12 of 21 @entity5 reacted positive for @entity3960 . A few focally HMB-45-positive cells were found within all @entity5 groups, except in @entity980 and @entity2967 . Endothelial markers, @entity2281 protein, and @entity2467 do not seem to be of any diagnostic value in uterine @entity242 . In conclusion, when immunohistochemistry is used diagnostically in uterine @entity242 , a broad panel of markers provides better information than reliance on a single antibody.

title: Diagnostic immunohistochemistry in uterine XXXX : a study of 397 cases.

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity6020 :: ('MESH:D018195', 'Disease') :: ['adenosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity6019 :: ('MESH:D018203', 'Disease') :: ['Endometrial stromal sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['ordinary leiomyosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity3960 :: ('MESH:D018235', 'Disease') :: ['smooth muscle actin', 'SMA']

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal mesenchymal tumors']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a case of drug-induced @entity221 associated with @entity500 treatment in a @entity1 with @entity370 . CASE SUMMARY: A 52-year-old @entity1 with @entity10070 presented to the emergency department with a 1-day history of @entity221 (temperature 39.9   C), chills, @entity390 , and @entity391 . One week earlier, @entity500 50 mg/day had been started for worsening @entity1353 . The @entity1 was admitted and evaluated for acute infectious processes. All of his home medications ( @entity6383 , @entity229 , @entity5023 / @entity10453 , @entity5753 , @entity10112 , @entity2492 , @entity7923 , @entity3045 ), except @entity229 , were held. Results of chest X-ray, viral cultures, and urine and blood cultures revealed no source of @entity281 . The @entity1 's temperature returned to normal within 30 hours after discontinuation of @entity500 ; rechallenge was not performed. DISCUSSION: Fever as an adverse drug reaction is often unrecognized, particularly in medically complex @entity1 . @entity500 has been reported to cause @entity221 in @entity1 with @entity29 and in those with @entity309 ; to our knowledge, there have been no previous reports documenting @entity500 -induced @entity221 in @entity1 with @entity370 . The chronological course of febrile response and defervescence is highly suggestive of drug-induced @entity221 . CONCLUSIONS: The rapid resolution of @entity221 after discontinuation of @entity500 suggests that it was the likely source of @entity221 in this @entity1 . If @entity500 is increasingly prescribed in @entity1 with @entity370 , @entity221 as an adverse reaction may become more common.

title: @entity500 -induced @entity221 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'man', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['Azathioprine', 'azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['albuterol']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity7923 :: ('MESH:C073007', 'Chemical') :: ['ibandronate']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity6383 :: ('MESH:D006886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxychloroquine']

entities_list: @entity5753 :: ('MESH:D008148', 'Chemical') :: ['lovastatin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity10112 :: ('MESH:C064276', 'Chemical') :: ['pantoprazole']

entities_list: @entity10453 :: ('MESH:C057823', 'Chemical') :: ['salmeterol']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['drug fever', 'fever']

entities_list: @entity10070 :: ('MESH:D017565', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity2492 :: ('MESH:C049109', 'Chemical') :: ['zolpidem']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['sarcoidosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with a @entity5 , video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) is considered to be associated with more postoperative advantages compared to open procedures. However, open procedures are still preferred in cases with large or @entity5 . Therefore, in order to determine the appropriate surgical strategies for resection of @entity44 , we here review our experience with such cases. METHODS: Between January 2000 and February 2014, we experienced 132 @entity1 diagnosed with mediastinal @entity44 . By using data from a retrospective review of the @entity1 ' medical records, we compared the demographic characteristics, hospital stay duration, chest tube indwelling time, operative time, and mass size of the VATS group with those of the @entity1 in the open group. Moreover, we also analyzed the @entity260 and recurrence. Finally, based on our findings, we created a '   V (volume of the mass-volume of the cyst in the mass)' capable of determining the appropriate surgical strategy, measured by preoperative computed tomography scan. RESULTS: We excised the mass using VATS in 79 @entity1 , while 53 @entity1 underwent open procedures, including thoracotomy (n  =  10) and median sternotomy (n  =  43). The operative times, the hospital stay duration, and the chest tube indwelling time were significantly shorter in the VATS group compared to in the open group (Table  1). Four cases were converted to thoracotomy. The mean mass sizes were 6.53      2.20  cm and 8.58      3.45  cm in the VATS and open groups, respectively. The '   V' of the VATS group was higher than that of the open group. There were three @entity260 . Table  1 Comparison of the perioperative variables between the VATS group and open groups VATS (n  =  79) Open (n  =  53) p value Preoperative variables Age (years) 32.34          13.44 29.30      14.76 0.223 Female 63 28 0.001 BMI 22.07      3.34 22.59      3.91 0.409 ASA class 0.272 Class 1 39 21 Class 2 40 32 Mass size (cm) 6.53      2.20 8.58      3.45 <0.001    V (cm(3)) 988.15      1590.85 3093.22      4947.33 0.001 Intraoperative variable Operative time (min) 129      46 170      45 <0.001 Postoperative variable Hospitalization (days) 6.00      3.03 8.94      3.99 <0.001 ICU stay (days) 0 0.42      0.50 <0.001 CTD time (days) 2.00      1.24 3.8      3.63 <0.001 Median F/U duration (months) 47.16      43.60 27.52      34.00 The data are presented as mean      standard deviation VATS video-assisted thoracic surgery, CTD chest tube indwelling CONCLUSION: VATS for mediastinal @entity44 can be performed safely in selected @entity1 with large or malignant masses. The proposed '   V' appears to be a useful method for determining the appropriate surgical strategy in the large size @entity44 cases.

title: Clinical results of surgical resection of mediastinal XXXX : efficacy of video-assisted thoracic surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinal tumor', 'malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma', 'teratomas']

answer: @entity44 :: (MESH:D013724,Disease) :: ['teratoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: For @entity1635 associated with @entity154 , surgical treatment is often advocated. However, the safety and efficacy of single-stage intraspinal mass resection and @entity1635 correction remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the feasibility and risk factors of single-stage surgical treatment for @entity1635 associated with intraspinal mass. @entity1 ' clinical records were reviewed for demographic and radiographic data, operating time, intraoperative @entity190 , perioperative complications, and postoperative pathologic results. Two female and 5 male @entity1 with an average age of 19.14        7.52 years (range, 11-31 years) were evaluated. @entity1 were followed for a minimum of 24 months after initial surgical treatment, with an average of 49.71        32.90 months (range, 27-99 months). Spinal curvature was corrected from an average of 69.57        20.44   to 29.14        9.87  , demonstrating a mean correction rate of 55.05%        18.75%. No obvious loss of correction was observed at the final follow-up. Complications included transient @entity51 , @entity5173 , and intraspinal mass recurrence in 1 @entity1 each. There was no @entity912 or permanent @entity16 . In conclusion, simultaneous intraspinal mass resection and @entity1635 correction appears to be safe and effective.

title: Safety and Efficacy of Single-Stage Surgical Treatment for XXXX Associated with Intraspinal Mass.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['intraspinal anomaly']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['nerve damage']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis', 'congenital scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal fluid leakage']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['Congenital Scoliosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Large infusion of crystalloids may induce acid-base alterations according to their strong ion difference ([ @entity6884 ]). We wanted to prove in vivo, at constant PCO(2), that if the [ @entity6884 ] of the infused crystalloid is equal to baseline plasma @entity3157 , the arterial pH remains unchanged, if lower it decreases, and if higher it increases. METHODS: In 12 @entity1707 , anesthetized and mechanically ventilated at PCO(2)    40 mmHg, 2.2 l of crystalloids with a [ @entity6884 ] similar to (lactated Ringer's 28.3 mEq/l), lower than (normal saline 0 mEq/l), and greater than (rehydrating III 55 mEq/l) baseline @entity3157 (29.22    2.72 mEq/l) were infused for 120 min in randomized sequence. Four hours of wash-out were allowed between the infusions. Every 30 min up to minute 120 we measured blood gases, plasma electrolytes, urinary volume, pH, and electrolytes. Albumin, hemoglobin, and @entity6546 were measured at time 0 and 120 min. RESULTS: Lactated Ringer's maintained arterial pH unchanged (from 7.47    0.06 to 7.47    0.03) despite a plasma dilution around 12%. Normal saline caused a reduction in pH (from 7.49    0.03 to 7.42    0.04) and rehydrating III induced an increase in pH (from 7.46    0.05 to 7.49    0.04). The kidney reacted to the infusion, minimizing the acid-base alterations, by increasing/decreasing the urinary anion gap, primarily by changing @entity1372 and @entity2865 concentrations. Lower urine volume after normal saline infusion was possibly due to its greater osmolarity and @entity2865 concentration as compared to the other solutions. CONCLUSIONS: Results support the hypothesis that at constant PCO(2), pH changes are predictable from the difference between the [ @entity6884 ] of the infused solution and baseline plasma @entity3157 concentration.

title: In vivo conditioning of acid-base equilibrium by crystalloid solutions: an experimental study on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6546 :: ('MESH:D010710', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphates']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: @entity19 muscles lacking both mitochondrial ( @entity45302 ) and cytoplasmic (MM-CK) @entity908 kinase (CK-/-) show depressed mechanical performance in association with low muscle @entity855 and enhanced @entity15129 content. The aims of the present study were to elucidate the possible role of low @entity855 and high @entity15129 content in impairment of mechanical performance in CK-/- @entity19 and to establish whether CK-/- muscles are able to sustain repeated series of high-intensity contractions. The dorsal flexors of CK-/- and control @entity19 were subjected in situ to two series of 12 tetanic contractions using a custom-made @entity19 isometric dynamometer. The muscle content of high-energy phosphates was analysed by HPLC. @entity855 content declined from 20.6+/-1.9 to 15.5+/-2.4 micromol x g(-1) dry weight (d.w.); @entity15129 content increased from 1.2+/-0.4 to 2.4+/-1.1 micromol x g(-1) d.w. during the first contraction series in CK-/- muscle. Despite these unfavourable changes, maximal torque developed during the first contraction of either series did not differ, indicating that the altered content of @entity855 and @entity15129 does not play a decisive role in impaired mechanical performance in CK-/- @entity19 . The relative decline in torque during the two series did not differ in CK-/- (-20.4+/-6.6 vs. -23.8+/-9.9%). In contrast, wild-type (WT) muscles showed a significantly more pronounced decline during the second series (-12.3+/-7.4 vs. -20.1+/-6.8%). Muscle @entity855 and @entity15129 content did not change in CK-/-, whereas in WT @entity15129 content increased significantly during the second contraction series. These findings indicate that CK-/- tolerate repeated series of high-intensity contractions better than WT, while in CK-/- muscle an additional source of energy is mobilised to regenerate @entity855 during the second series.

title: XXXX muscles deficient in @entity908 kinase tolerate repeated series of high-intensity contractions.

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Murine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The efficacy and safety of @entity16231 , a potent and selective vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1-3 inhibitor, combined with best supportive care (BSC) was evaluated in a global, randomized, placebo-controlled phase II trial in @entity1 with locally advanced or metastatic @entity157 ( @entity157 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity157 and @entity1 -Pugh Class A who progressed on or were intolerant to one prior antiangiogenic therapy were stratified by @entity5 invasion (presence/absence of extrahepatic spread and/or vascular invasion) and region (Asian/non-Asian) and randomized (2:1) to @entity16231 /BSC (starting dose 5 mg twice-daily) or placebo/BSC. The primary end point was @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). RESULTS: The estimated hazard ratio for @entity1349 was 0.907 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.646-1.274; one-sided stratified P = 0.287] for @entity16231 /BSC (n = 134) versus placebo/BSC (n = 68), with the median (95% CI) of 12.7 (10.2-14.9) versus 9.7 (5.9-11.8) months, respectively. Results of prespecified subgroup analyses in Asian versus non-Asian @entity1 or presence versus absence of @entity5 invasion were consistent with the overall population. Improvements favouring @entity16231 /BSC (P < 0.01) were observed in secondary efficacy end point analyses [progression-free survival (PFS), time @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and clinical benefit rate (CBR)], and were retained among Asian @entity1 in the prespecified subgroup analyses. Overall response rate did not differ significantly between treatments and @entity1 -reported outcomes favoured placebo/BSC. Most common all-causality adverse events with @entity16231 /BSC were @entity294 (54%), @entity101 (54%), and decreased appetite (47%). Baseline serum analyses identified potential new prognostic ( @entity650 , @entity4105 , @entity687 , @entity877 , migration inhibitory factor, and @entity1916 ) or predictive ( @entity4105 and stromal-derived factor-1) factors for survival. CONCLUSIONS: @entity16231 /BSC did not improve @entity1349 over placebo/BSC in the overall population or in stratification subgroups. However, @entity16231 /BSC resulted in significantly longer PFS and @entity5 and higher CBR, with acceptable @entity137 in @entity1 with advanced @entity157 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01210495.

title: Randomized phase II study of @entity16231 versus placebo plus best supportive care in second-line treatment of advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patient', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity16231 :: ('MESH:C503983', 'Chemical') :: ['axitinib', 'Axitinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'tumour', 'to tumour progression']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma', 'HCC']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity706 is a rare extranodal presentation of @entity1893 . The authors report long term follow-up information regarding a group of @entity1 with @entity706 evaluated at the Mayo Clinic and describe the outcome with special attention to patterns of recurrence. METHODS: The medical records of @entity1 with @entity706 seen at the Mayo Clinic between January 1970 and March 1993 were reviewed. @entity1 were included if they had evidence of testicular involvement at the time of diagnosis of @entity706 . Pathology specimens were reviewed for confirmation of diagnosis. RESULTS: Sixty-two @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity706 were identified. Their median age was 68 years, and 60 @entity1 underwent orchiectomy as the initial therapeutic and diagnostic procedure. Most of @entity1 (79%) had localized or regional disease at the time of presentation. Other treatment modalities after diagnosis included radiotherapy (37%), combination chemotherapy (37%), and combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy (16%). Although 88% of @entity1 had no @entity66 after primary treatment, 80% subsequently experienced disease recurrence. There was no significant difference in the rate of recurrence, including Ann Arbor Stage I disease. Treatment did not appear to affect the recurrence rate. At a median follow-up of 2.7 years, 60% of @entity1 had died of disease. Late recurrences were observed, and there appeared to be no plateau in the disease free survival curve. In half (51%) of the @entity1 with disease recurrence, only extranodal locations were involved. Thirteen @entity1 experienced recurrence in the central nervous system, 11 of whom had parenchymal lesions. In 8 of these 13 @entity1 , the central nervous system was an isolated site of disease recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: @entity706 is a unique and aggressive extranodal @entity1893 . Better treatment strategies are needed to prevent recurrences. The risk of extranodal recurrence is high, especially in the central nervous system.

title: XXXX is associated with a high incidence of extranodal recurrence.

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['testicular lymphoma', 'lymphoma', 'Testicular lymphoma']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['Testicular lymphoma']


abstract: A wide variety of architectural patterns of @entity420 may be seen in the prostate. We have recently encountered a hitherto-undescribed pattern of growth characterized by @entity4657 of @entity5 cells reminiscent of renal glomeruli, which we refer to as @entity263 with glomeruloid features. To define the architectural features, frequency, and distribution of @entity263 with glomeruloid features, we reviewed 202 totally embedded radical prostatectomy specimens obtained between October 1992 and April 1994 from the files of the Mayo Clinic. This series was supplemented by 100 consecutive needle biopsies with @entity263 from January to February 1996. @entity263 with glomeruloid features was characterized by round to oval epithelial tufts growing within malignant acini, often supported by a fibrovascular core. The epithelial cells were sometimes arranged in semicircular concentric rows separated by clefted spaces. In the radical prostatectomy specimens, nine cases (4.5%) had glomeruloid features. The glomeruloid pattern constituted 5% to 20% of each @entity5 (mean, 8.33%) and was usually located at the apex or in the peripheral zone of the prostate. Seven cases were associated with a high Gleason score (7 or 8), one with a score of 6, and one with a score of 5. All cases were associated with high-grade @entity5436 and extensive perineural invasion. Pathological stages included T2c (three cases), T3b (four cases), and T3c (two cases); one of the T3b cases had lymph node metastases (N1). Three (3%) of 100 consecutive routine needle biopsy specimens with @entity5 showed glomeruloid features, and this pattern constituted 5% to 10% of each @entity5 (mean, 6.7%). The Gleason score was 6 for two cases and 8 for one case. Two cases were associated with high-grade @entity5436 , and one case had perineural invasion. Glomeruloid features were not observed in any benign or @entity75 , including @entity1373 and @entity5436 . Glomeruloid structures in the prostate represent an uncommon but distinctive pattern of growth that is specific for @entity5 . Glomeruloid features may be a useful diagnostic clue for @entity5 , particularly in some challenging needle biopsy specimens. This pattern of growth is usually seen in high-grade @entity420 , often with extraprostatic extension. Further investigations are required to determine its independent predictive value and correlation with stage and Gleason score.

title: XXXX with glomeruloid features.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic adenocarcinoma', 'prostatic cancer', 'Prostatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant lesions']

entities_list: @entity4657 :: ('MESH:D001630', 'Disease') :: ['intraluminal ball-like clusters']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia', 'intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostatic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE: his is the first case report of clipping a @entity438 in a @entity1 with @entity17578 ( @entity17578 ). @entity17578 is a newly described autosomal dominant connective tissue disease with systemic vascular involvement. Unique to this syndrome is the development of @entity439 at a young age with the propensity of dissection or @entity397 at a stage that is earlier than when surgical intervention is typically indicated. We describe the nuances in intraoperative and postoperative management. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 31-year-old @entity1 who recently received a diagnosis of with @entity17578 type II presented to neurosurgical attention for management of an unruptured right ophthalmic @entity438 . The @entity1 underwent a right pterional craniotomy for clipping of the @entity439 , with lumbar drain placement before the procedure. @entity3302 had to be used several times to counteract @entity2553 of the vessels during arachnoid dissection. Because of vascular reactivity, temporary clipping was not used, and the @entity439 was clipped successfully. CONCLUSION: @entity17578 is a newly described disorder that warrants awareness in the neurosurgical community because of its association with @entity439 as well as @entity91 (19%), @entity1635 (20%), cervical spine instability (7%), @entity1276 , and @entity1645 . When clipping @entity439 in these @entity1 , the surgeon should be aware of the potential for severe vascular reactivity during dissection and avoid temporary clipping when possible. Avoidance of lumbar drainage intraoperatively reduces the risk of @entity551 after removal.

title: Clipping of a @entity438 in a @entity1 with XXXX : case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Arnold-Chiari malformation']

entities_list: @entity17578 :: ('MESH:D055947', 'Disease') :: ['Loeys-Dietz syndrome', 'LDS']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'intracerebral aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity3302 :: ('MESH:D010208', 'Chemical') :: ['Papaverine']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['craniosynostosis']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hypotension']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['artery aneurysm', 'cerebral aneurysm']

answer: @entity17578 :: (MESH:D055947,Disease) :: ['Loeys-Dietz syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The reliability of clinical tests for the cervical spine has not been adequately evaluated. Six cervical clinical tests, which are low cost and easy to perform in clinical settings, were tested for intra- and inter-examiner reliability, and two performance tests were assessed for test-retest reliability in @entity1 with and without @entity4048 . Moreover, construct and between-group discriminative validity of the tests were examined. METHODS: Twenty-one @entity1 with @entity4048 and 21 asymptomatic @entity1 were included. Intra- and inter-reliability were evaluated for the Cranio-Cervical Flexion Test (CCFT), Range of Movement (ROM), Joint Position Error (JPE), @entity1344 ( @entity1344 ), Smooth Pursuit Neck Torsion Test (SPNTT), and neuromuscular control of the Deep Cervical Extensors (DCE). Test-retest reliability was assessed for Postural Control (SWAY) and Pressure @entity158 Threshold ( @entity3445 ) over tibialis anterior, infraspinatus and the C3-C4 segment. RESULTS: Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for intra- and inter-examiner reliability was highest for ROM (range: 0.80 to 0.94), @entity13313 (0.75 to 0.90) and CCFT (0.63 to 0.86). JPE had the lowest ICC (0.02 to 0.66). Intra- and inter-reliability for @entity1344 and SPNTT showed kappa ranging from 0.66 to 0.92, and 0.57 to 0.78 (prevalence adjusted), respectively. For the test-retest study, ICC was 0.83 to 0.89 for @entity3445 and 0.39 to 0.79 for SWAY. Construct validity was satisfactory for all tests, except JPE. Significant between group discriminative validity was found for CCFT, ROM, @entity1344 , SPNTT and @entity3445 , however, differences were within the limits of the minimal detectable change. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of the tests evaluated showed satisfactory reliability and construct validity supporting their use in the clinical evaluation of @entity1 with @entity4048 .

title: Reliability, construct and discriminative validity of clinical testing in subjects with and without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['chronic neck pain']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['GS', 'Gaze Stability']

answer: @entity4048 :: (MESH:D019547,Disease) :: ['chronic neck pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Most controlled studies comparing second-generation and conventional antipsychotics have focused on the acute treatment of @entity161 . The authors compared symptom outcomes, side effects, and social adjustment in stable @entity161 outpatients who received 2 years of maintenance treatment with @entity1090 or @entity1767 . METHOD: This was a 2-year, randomized, double-blind comparison of 6 mg of @entity1090 versus @entity1767 in 63 @entity1 with stabilized DSM-IV @entity161 . Study @entity1 also received 15 months of standard behavioral skills training or enhanced training with a case manager who promoted @entity1 ' use of their skills in the community. RESULTS: The risk of @entity716 exacerbations and the risk of leaving the study were similar for both drug treatment groups. However, @entity1 who received both @entity1090 and the enhanced community-based skills training were more likely to remain in the study than those in the other treatment groups. @entity1 demonstrated significant improvement in score on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale over time with both medications. There were no between-group differences in cluster scores for thought disturbance, hostile-suspiciousness, and @entity3347 . A significant between-group difference favoring @entity1090 was found for the @entity308 cluster. @entity1090 resulted in significantly greater reductions in @entity400 and @entity2146 and greater improvements in most items on the SCL-90-R. CONCLUSIONS: When compared with @entity1 given a low dose of @entity1767 , @entity1090 -treated @entity1 experienced similar improvements in positive and negative symptoms and similar risks of @entity716 exacerbations. However, @entity1090 -treated @entity1 appeared to feel subjectively better, as indicated by less @entity148 and @entity308 and fewer extrapyramidal side effects.

title: Maintenance treatment of XXXX with @entity1090 or @entity1767 : 2-year outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3347 :: ('MESH:D013375', 'Disease') :: ['withdrawal-retardation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'anxious-depression']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['akathisia']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone', 'Risperidone']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this work was to examine the indications for the combined transfacial and neurosurgical @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 with @entity5 underwent surgery via the combined approach between 1990 and 2000 at the Amiens University Hospital. The transfacial approach alone was reserved for elderly @entity1 . RESULTS: The histological diagnosis was @entity420 in 10 @entity1 . There was one @entity204 . Mean follow-up was 45 months (range 3 - 129). Six @entity1 died from local or metastatic recurrence. At last follow-up eight @entity1 were disease free, two had local or metastatic recurrence. CONCLUSION: We compared systematic use of the combined approach for curative surgery with surgical strategies adopted by other teams. The combined approach is indicated for T3 or T4 @entity5 and for all other @entity5 with a posterior or superior extension. @entity5 may be treated with the transfacial access alone. @entity5 without extension to the orbit or cribiform plate may be managed endoscopically. The role of histological diagnosis and the choice of the surgical approach remain to be evaluated.

title: [Combined transfacial and neurosurgical approach for the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['approach to ethmoid cancers', 'Anterior and unilateral tumors', 'Limited tumors', 'ethmoid cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative death']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['ethmoid cancers']


abstract: This study investigated the effect of @entity519 at @entity2222 on the semen quality and the serum reproductive hormone levels in male adults. A total of 52 male soldiers were enrolled in this cohort study. They were exposed to @entity519 at @entity2222 (5380   m) for 12 months when undergoing a service. After exposure, they were followed up for 6 months. The samples of semen and peripheral blood were collected at 1 month before exposure (M0), 6 months of exposure (M6), 12 months of exposure (M12), and 6 months after exposure (M18). The semen quality was assessed with computer-assisted analysis system, and the serum levels of reproductive hormones, including prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and @entity251 were analyzed by ELISA. Compared with those at M0, total sperm count, sperm density, motility, survival rate, and serum levels of LH, PRL and @entity251 were significantly decreased, whereas the liquefaction time was significantly prolonged and serum FSH level was significantly increased at M6 (p<0.05). At M12, total sperm count and sperm density increased, whereas sperm motility, survival rate, and the liquefaction time further decreased. Sperm velocities, progression ratios, and lateral head displacements were also decreased. Serum FSH level decreased while serum LH, PRL, and @entity251 levels increased. Compared with those at M6, the changes in these detected parameters of semen and hormone at M12 were significant (p<0.05). At M18, all these detected parameters except @entity251 level returned to levels comparable to those before exposure. In conclusion, @entity519 at @entity2222 causes adverse effects on semen quality and reproductive hormones, and these effects are reversible.

title: Exposure to XXXX at High Altitude (5380   m) for 1 Year Induces Reversible Effects on Semen Quality and Serum Reproductive Hormone Levels in Young Male Adults.

entities_list: @entity2222 :: ('MESH:C535833', 'Disease') :: ['high altitude']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['Hypoxia']


abstract: The cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 selective inhibitors @entity12698 and @entity13586 have been found to be more effective than placebo and comparably effective to nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity571 and @entity309 . Two large outcome studies, the Celecoxib Long-term @entity625 Safety Study (CLASS) and Vioxx Gastrointestinal Outcomes Research (VIGOR) trial, were conducted to test the hypothesis that @entity1 receiving a @entity2247 selective inhibitor would have significantly fewer clinically important upper gastrointestinal events than @entity1 taking nonselective NSAIDs. This article critically reviews the design and results of these trials. Both trials found that @entity625 @entity1 not taking low-dose @entity117 (325 mg/day or less) who were randomized to receive @entity2247 selective inhibitors had significantly fewer symptomatic and complicated @entity1066 than @entity1 randomized to nonselective NSAIDs. A significant risk reduction was not demonstrated, however, in @entity1 in the CLASS trial who were taking low-dose @entity117 , itself an independent risk factor for the endpoint. These data validate the @entity2247 hypothesis and support recommendations that a @entity2247 selective inhibitor should be used in the treatment of @entity1 at increased risk for symptomatic and complicated @entity1066 . Further studies are needed to determine whether @entity2247 selective inhibitors are safer than nonselective NSAIDs when used in @entity1 receiving low-dose @entity117 . The @entity2247 selective inhibitors have a similar profile of renal adverse events to nonselective NSAIDs. The increased rate of cardiovascular @entity1031 adverse events among @entity1 randomized to @entity13586 compared to those randomized to naproxen in the VIGOR trial is consistent with the lack of an anti-platelet effect for this @entity2247 selective inhibitor. This emphasizes the need for the use of low-dose @entity117 in @entity1 at risk for such events, especially @entity583 .

title: What have we learned from the large outcomes trials of XXXX selective inhibitors? The rheumatologist's perspective.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity13586 :: ('MESH:C116926', 'Chemical') :: ['rofecoxib']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis', 'Arthritis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity2247 :: (4513,Gene) :: ['COX-2']


abstract: The role of high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) in @entity1 with refractory @entity0 is not well established. Forty-two female @entity1 (median age of 46 years) with @entity0 refractory to neoadjuvant chemotherapy received HDCT ( @entity786 , @entity3600 and @entity11678 ) supported by an autologous peripheral blood stem cells transplant. Their disease had been refractory (defined as less than partial response) to one (18 @entity1 ) or two (24 @entity1 ) regimens of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Twenty-nine @entity1 had surgery before HDCT. The best response after surgery, HDCT, and radiation therapy was assessed 60 days after transplantation. Thirty @entity1 had complete remission, eight had a PR, one had a minor response, and three had progressive disease. In seven of 13 @entity1 whose disease was inoperable before HDCT, it became operable. After a median follow-up of 42 months, 21 @entity1 were alive, and 15 remained disease free. Five-year @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 57% (CI, 50-64%), and the estimated 5-year progression-free survival was 40% (CI, 32-48%). Both @entity1349 and PFS were better in @entity1 whose disease became operable after chemotherapy than in those whose disease remained inoperable. A randomized study is warranted in this @entity1 population.

title: High-dose chemotherapy and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for primary XXXX refractory to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['carmustine']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Thirty-four subjects with symptomatic @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ) or critical limb ischmeia (CLI) who were experiencing @entity158 , @entity102 resting @entity158 , @entity1183 , and @entity63 lower leg/foot ulceration were randomized into 2 treatment groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen of these @entity1 received treatment with @entity101 ( @entity101 ) 60 minutes twice daily for 16 weeks, and 16 subjects received standard care consisting of an exercise regimen of walking for 20 minutes twice daily for 16 weeks. The @entity101 device delivers bilateral pressures of 120 mm Hg. Cycle times provide sequential compression for 4 seconds (+/- 0.5 seconds) followed by a 16-second rest period (+/- 3.0 seconds), resulting in a 20-second cycle or 3 cycles per minute. The study was designed to measure @entity1 -centered outcomes. The primary endpoint was @entity4464 ( @entity4464 ), defined as time to maximally tolerated @entity158 . Secondary endpoints included change in resting ankle brachial index, @entity1066 , relief of resting/wound @entity158 , and quality of life (QoL) index. Age (73.7 years vs 72.7 years), baseline PWTs (1-6 minutes), and risk factors were similar in both treatment groups. RESULTS: At 4 weeks, the percent change from baseline in @entity4464 did not vary significantly between treatment groups (17.8% for @entity101 and 17% for standard care). After 8 weeks, the percent change in @entity4464 for the @entity101 group was 41% compared to 32% for the group receiving standard care (P = 0.062). At the 16-week time point the percent change from baseline in @entity4464 was significantly different between treatment arms (35.5% for the standard care group and 54.7% for the group receiving @entity101 [P = 0.043]). The mean reduction in wound surface area was 57% and 71% at 12 weeks and 16 weeks, respectively, for the @entity101 group, compared to 45% and 56% for the control group. The @entity101 group reported significantly greater @entity158 relief at the 12-week (P = 0.044) and 16- week (P = 0.038) time points. Compared to the control group, the @entity101 group reported improvement in @entity1 -centered outcomes such as physical function and @entity158 . These differences were statistically significant (P less than 0.05) at the 16- week evaluation period. CONCLUSION: Therapy consisting of @entity101 for 2 hours daily for a period of 16 weeks significantly improved @entity4464 , reduced resting @entity158 , and improved healing rates, physical function, and @entity158 . There were no devicerelated complications, allowing for long-term use. This study further supports that @entity101 is safe and effective and should be considered for @entity1 who are not candidates for endovascular or surgical procedures. Furthermore, @entity101 offers an excellent alternative for the palliative care of @entity1 with @entity3657 and @entity4218 .

title: Effect of High-pressure, Intermittent Pneumatic Compression for the Treatment of @entity3657 and @entity63 in XXXX Without a Surgical Option.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high-pressure, intermittent pneumatic compression', 'HPIPC']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['PAD', 'peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer healing']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['CLI symptoms']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'bodily pain', 'claudication pain']

entities_list: @entity4464 :: ('MESH:D013009', 'Disease') :: ['PWT', 'peak walking time']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) with the da Vinci Surgical System has been used for the removal of pharyngeal and @entity5 with the objective to improve functional and aesthetic outcomes without worsening survival. While @entity1104 has been approved in many countries, Japan's FDA has not yet done so. Our hospital started using @entity1104 with the approval of the Ethical Review Board and the Minimum Invasive Surgical Center Committee at Tottori University. No surgical outcomes of @entity1104 for Japanese @entity1 with @entity135 have been reported in Japan. This paper deals with the outcomes and feasibility of @entity1104 for Japanese @entity1 with @entity5 at our institution. @entity1104 was performed for 10 @entity1 with T1, T2, T3 oropharyngeal and @entity957 between 2013 and 2014. This is a single-institutional study. @entity1104 could be completed for all cases, except one @entity1 that was not candidate, and no intraoperative conversion to an open surgical procedure was required. Five @entity1 underwent neck dissection, two of them concurrent and three staged. Of all @entity1 , positive surgical margins were detected in two. The average @entity190 including neck dissection was 21.5      33.4  ml, the operation time was 183      36  min and the console time was 103      22  min. No tracheostomy had been performed either pre- or postoperatively, and there was no difference between preoperative and postoperative swallowing functions. In this single-institutional preliminary study, we demonstrated that @entity1104 is a feasible and safe treatment. A clinical multi-institutional study of @entity1104 for @entity5 has been approved as an advanced medical system study and is under way. In the near future, it is expected that the efficacy and safety of @entity1104 for @entity5 will be confirmed as the result of this multiple-institutional clinical study in Japan.

title: Preliminary study of transoral robotic surgery for XXXX in Japan.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngopharyngeal cancer', 'pharyngeal cancer', 'laryngeal cancers']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['TORS', 'Transoral robotic surgery']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['pharyngeal cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3928 between @entity27 ( @entity68174 ) and @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) is important but under-recognised. We aimed to determine the prevalence of @entity3928 and the predictors of @entity68174 in @entity1 with @entity1030 . METHODS: @entity1 aged >=  40 years were recruited from a dedicated @entity1030 clinic and underwent overnight polysomnography. A diagnosis of @entity68174 was made when apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) was >=  5. RESULTS: In all, 22 @entity1 (aged 71    9 years), predominantly @entity1 , were recruited. Mean values recorded were: predicted forced expiratory volume in the first second percentage 55    15; body mass index 23.7    6.5 kg/m2; Epworth Sleepiness Scale score 5.6    5.8; and AHI 15.8    18.6. Among the 14 @entity1 with @entity68174 (prevalence of @entity3928 at 63.6%), the mean number of hospital visits for @entity1030 exacerbations in the preceding one year was 0.5    0.7. @entity1 with @entity3928 had worse modified Medical Research Council dyspnoea scale scores and a lower percentage of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep than @entity1 without. There were no other statistical differences in lung function or sleep study indices between the two @entity1 groups. CONCLUSION: The majority of our @entity1 had @entity3928 and minimal exacerbations, and were not obese or sleepy. Significant differences between @entity1 with and without @entity3928 were seen in two aspects - the former was more dyspnoeic and had less REM sleep. Our findings suggest that standard clinical predictors cannot be used for @entity1 with @entity3928 , and therefore, a high index of suspicion is needed.

title: @entity3928 between @entity1030 and XXXX in a Southeast Asian teaching hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['Overlap syndrome', 'overlap syndrome']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnoea']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnoea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 who undergo cardiac surgery appear to be at increased risk for the development of @entity580 ( @entity580 ). The development of antibiotic-resistant infections has been associated with significantly greater hospital mortality rates compared to similar infections caused by antibiotic-sensitive pathogens. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is survey of @entity22412 and antibiotic resistance patterns of causative bacteria among @entity1 who underwent open heart surgery in the north of Iran during a 2-year period between September 2012 and September 2014. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study we evaluated 187 @entity1 that underwent open heart surgery with @entity580 . Demographic feature, clinical characteristics and risk factors of each @entity281 were recorded. The antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using the Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method according to the standard protocol of Clinical _ Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Detection of Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria was performed by the double-disk synergy (DDS) test; also @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 ( @entity794 ) strains were identified by @entity794 Screen Agar. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS software (ver. 16) and, descriptive statistics were used. RESULTS: Out Of total of 2253 hospitalized @entity1 who underwent open heart surgery, 187(5.05%) @entity1 had @entity580 . 51.9% of the @entity1 were female. The rates of @entity281 ( @entity281 ), respiratory tract @entity281 , @entity884 , @entity293 ( @entity293 ), @entity1503 and @entity1764 were 27.80, 25.66%, 17.64, 17.11% 8.55% and 3.20% respectively. @entity526 and @entity794 were the most causative agents of @entity580 . The rate of ESBL-producing bacteria was 14.28- 71.42% among enterobacteriaceae and the rate of @entity794 was 54.2% among @entity794 strains. All isolated Acinetobacter.spp were Multi-drug resistance (MDR). CONCLUSIONS: We showed that the rate of @entity580 among these high-risk @entity1 was in the average level. But the emergence of @entity794 and ESBL bacteria is increasing in our region.

title: Resistance Pattern of Antibiotics in @entity1 Underwent Open Heart Surgery With XXXX in North of Iran.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['Methicillin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['MRSA', 'Staphylococcus', 'S.aureus']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'surgical site infection', 'SSI']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood Infection']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['NIs', 'Nosocomial infections']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['UTI', 'Urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity580 :: (MESH:D003428,Disease) :: ['Nosocomial Infection']


abstract: A total of 150 @entity1 with @entity697 media were randomly allocated to treatment with @entity115 - @entity798 ( @entity10188 ) or with cefaclor. Each drug was given in a daily dosage of approximately 40 mg/kg in three divided doses for ten days. Tympanocentesis done before treatment yielded specimens that contained pneumococcus or @entity6728 sp or both in 67% of specimens. Viridans group streptococci were isolated from 10% of specimens and @entity6729 from 6%. @entity1 were scheduled for follow-up examinations at midtreatment, end of therapy, and at 30, 60, and 90 days. Of the 150 @entity1 , 130 were evaluable. Five of 60 @entity1 (8%) treated with cefaclor were considered therapeutic failures because of persistent purulent drainage and isolation of the original pathogen or suprainfection. There were no failures among @entity1 treated with @entity10188 (P = .019). Rates of relapse, recurrent @entity697 media with effusion, and persistent @entity2171 were comparable in the two groups of @entity1 . @entity14794 , or loose stools, or both were significantly more common in @entity1 treated with @entity10188 (34%) than in those taking cefaclor (12%), but in no case was it necessary to discontinue medication because of these mild side effects (P = .002). Cefaclor therapy was discontinued in one @entity1 because of severe @entity490 . In this study, treatment with @entity10188 was superior to treatment with cefaclor in the acute phase of @entity697 media with effusion, but @entity10188 produced more adverse effects. The rates of persistent @entity2171 and recurrent @entity697 media with effusion were comparable with the two regimens.

title: Comparative treatment trial of @entity10188 versus cefaclor for XXXX media with effusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute otitis']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium clavulanate']

entities_list: @entity6728 :: ('MESH:D006192', 'Disease') :: ['Haemophilus']

entities_list: @entity10188 :: ('MESH:D019980', 'Chemical') :: ['Augmentin']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain and vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2171 :: ('MESH:D010034', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear effusion']

entities_list: @entity6729 :: ('480', 'Species') :: ['Branhamella catarrhalis']

entities_list: @entity14794 :: ('MESH:D003963', 'Disease') :: ['Diaper rash']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute otitis']


abstract: AIM: To investigate behavior and cognitive performances of teenage @entity1 with @entity3148 ( @entity3148 ). METHODS: We enrolled 20 teenage @entity1 (12 females and 8 males) with @entity3148 , followed in the @entity1 Neurology Unit of the Catholic University (Rome). @entity1 underwent a full clinical examination including behavioral and cognitive assessments (respectively, CBCL and Wechsler scales). RESULTS: All @entity1 showed @entity146 and @entity1032 , mild in six cases, moderate in seven and severe in the remaining seven. Among @entity1032 @entity1 visual function, particularly visuo-motor abilities resulted mostly impaired in Wechsler subtests, whereas verbal skills were relatively preserved. In contrast, a general @entity73 was observed in moderately and @entity1032 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our teenage @entity1 with @entity3148 compared with other series at different ages (young childhood, adulthood) suggest a progressivity of neurological and neuropsychological signs. A visuomotor default and a relative preservation of verbal skills, like what has been found in previous reports of younger @entity1 , are still evident in mildly impaired cases. Therefore, the progression over time of these cases toward a generalized impairment may be suggested, but only longitudinal studies can confirm it. There was a possible responsibility of some @entity302 in worsening the neuropsychological outcome (early @entity410 and atypical absences, as well as persistent EEG background slowness in the last 3years).

title: Cognitive-behavioral profiles in teenagers with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['severely retarded', 'mental retardation', 'mildly retarded']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavior disorders']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic disorders']

entities_list: @entity3148 :: ('MESH:D004831', 'Disease') :: ['Dravet syndrome', 'DS']

answer: @entity3148 :: (MESH:D004831,Disease) :: ['Dravet syndrome']


abstract: Growing concern over environmental contamination has stimulated rigorous efforts to establish reliable biological monitoring assays. Methodology was developed for measuring photoinduced short- and long-term @entity137 of an important group of contaminants, @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ), using the luminescent bacterium @entity7866 . The @entity137 of most @entity2556 can be greatly enhanced on exposure of a living organism and/or the chemicals to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. There are two major mechanisms involved in photoinduced @entity137 of @entity2556 : photosensitization and photomodification. In the former, production of singlet @entity26 leads to cellular damage. In the latter, photooxidation of @entity2556 results in new compounds (usually oxygenated @entity2556 ) that are often more toxic than their parent @entity2556 . Microbial @entity137 assays were developed to measure short- and long-term photoinduced @entity137 of @entity2556 . The bioassays were based on inhibition of luminescence and growth of @entity7866 . The short-term assay should detect @entity137 of chemicals that are taken up rapidly and/or whose photosensitization activity is immediate. The long-term assay should identify chemicals where the rate of assimilation is slow and/or time is required for photoinduced effects to be realized. The assays were tested with 12 different @entity2556 . The short-term assay did not reveal photoinduced @entity137 for any of the test chemicals. However, photoinduced @entity137 was apparent in the long-term assay, indicating that short-term assays may be opaque to this key mechanism of @entity2556 @entity137 .

title: Measurement of short- and long-term XXXX of @entity2555 using luminescent bacteria.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity7866 :: ('668', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio fischeri', 'V. fischeri']

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to comparatively analyse certain outcome measures of open @entity174 , stratified per grade of @entity542 and method of treatment. For this purpose, a systematic review of the English literature from 1990 until 2010 was undertaken, comprising 32 eligible articles reporting on 3060 open @entity174 . Outcome measures included rates of union progress (early union, delayed union, late union and non-union rates) and certain complication rates ( @entity281 , @entity2054 and amputation rates). Statistical heterogeneity across component studies was detected with the use of Cochran chi-square and I(2) tests. In the absence of significant statistical heterogeneity a pooled estimate of effect size for each outcome/complication of interest was produced. All component studies were assigned on average a moderate quality score. Reamed tibial nails (RTNs) were associated with significantly higher odds of early union compared with unreamed tibial nails (UTNs) in IIIB @entity4422 (odds ratio: 12, 95% CI: 2.4-61). Comparing RTN and UTN modes of treatment, no significant differences were documented per grade of @entity4422 with respect to both delayed and late union rates. Surprisingly, nonunion rates in IIIB @entity4422 treated with either @entity5806 were lower than IIIA or II @entity4422 , although the differences were not statistically significant. Significantly increased @entity281 rates of IIIB @entity4422 compared with all other grades were documented for both modes of treatment (RTN, UTN). However, lower @entity281 rates for IIIA @entity4422 treated with RTNs were recorded compared with grades I and II. Interestingly, grade II open @entity174 , treated with UTN, presented significantly greater odds for developing @entity2054 than when treated with RTNs. Our cumulative analysis, providing for each grade of @entity542 and each particular method of treatment a summarised estimate of effect size for the most important outcome measures of open @entity174 , constitutes a useful tool of the practicing surgeon for optimal decision making when operative treatment of such @entity174 is contemplated.

title: Prevalence of complications of open tibial shaft XXXX stratified as per the Gustilo-Anderson classification.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'tibial fractures']

entities_list: @entity4422 :: ('MESH:D005597', 'Disease') :: ['open fractures']

entities_list: @entity5806 :: ('MESH:D009260', 'Disease') :: ['RTNs or UTNs']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['open injury']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deep infection']

entities_list: @entity2054 :: ('MESH:D003161', 'Disease') :: ['compartment syndrome']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: Mitochondria form a dynamic network of interconnected tubes in the cells of @entity375 or filamentous fungi such as @entity14940 , @entity1980 , or @entity25667 . The dynamics depends on the separation of mitochondrial fragments, their movement throughout the cell, and their subsequent fusion with the other parts of the organelle. Interestingly, the microtubule network is required for the distribution in @entity1980 and @entity6739 , while @entity375 and A. nidulans appear to use the actin cytoskeleton. We studied a homologue of @entity375 @entity43022 in A. nidulans, and named it MdmB. The open reading frame is disrupted by two introns, one of which is conserved in @entity43022 of @entity25667 . The MdmB protein consists of 428 @entity1522 with a predicted molecular mass of 46.5 kDa. MdmB shares 26% identical @entity1522 to @entity43022 from @entity375 , 35% to @entity1980 , and 32% to the @entity25667 homologue. A MdmB-GFP fusion protein co-localized evenly distributed along mitochondria. Extraction of the protein was only possible after treatment with a non-ionic and an ionic detergent (1% Triton X-100; 0.5% @entity214 ) suggesting that MdmB was tightly bound to the mitochondrial membrane fraction. Deletion of the gene in A. nidulans affected mitochondrial morphology and distribution at 20 degrees C but not at 37 degrees C. mdmB deletion cells contained two populations of mitochondria at lower temperature, the normal tubular network plus some giant, @entity1319 .

title: Deletion of mdmB impairs mitochondrial distribution and morphology in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity14940 :: ('162425', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus nidulans']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['non-motile mitochondria']

entities_list: @entity1980 :: ('5141', 'Species') :: ['Neurospora crassa', 'N. crassa']

entities_list: @entity25667 :: ('5145', 'Species') :: ['Podospora anserina', 'P. anserina']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'S. cerevisiae']

answer: @entity14940 :: (162425,Species) :: ['Aspergillus nidulans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a common technique for assessing the pancreas and the biliary system; however, the potential complications have raised concern among endoscopists and @entity1 . Recently, the need of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) as an additional tool of assessment before the ERCP procedure has been increasing. The need of EUS in developing countries is still a matter of debate regarding the cost, investment, and training. Here, we report the significant impact of EUS on several unselected interesting cases of @entity74 . METHOD: We selected several interesting cases from the @entity1 who underwent EUS at our private hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia. The EUS procedures were performed by one experienced endosonographer and one EUS trainee who are very experienced with transabdominal ultrasound. The equipment was an Olympus JF UCT 180 EUS scope which was connected to an Aloka IPF-1701C ultrasound machine (Tokyo, Japan). RESULTS: Five interesting cases were included from @entity1 who underwent EUS due to @entity74 . The cases included recurrent @entity788 due to pancreatic stone at the small branch that obstructed the main pancreatic duct, common bile duct (CBD) stone with insignificant duct dilatation, @entity788 with @entity3885 at the distal CBD and portal vein infiltration, @entity788 in a young @entity1 , and distal CBD mass that @entity3883 . CONCLUSIONS: The EUS procedure has shown a significant impact in managing @entity1 with @entity66 . In most developing countries, EUS needs to be evaluated further regarding the cost, investment, and training.

title: Impact of Endoscopic Ultrasound Procedures in Various XXXX in Indonesia Based on a Case Series in a Private Hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['caused obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas divisum', 'pancreatitis', 'pancreatic head cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatobiliary diseases']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['total obstruction']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatobiliary disorders']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['Pancreatobiliary Disorders']