abstract: BACKGROUND: Biofilm infection of breast implants significantly potentiates capsular @entity1159 . This study investigated whether chronic biofilm infection could promote @entity784 . METHODS: In the @entity1707 study, 12 textured and 12 smooth implants were inserted into three adult @entity1707 . Implants were left in situ for a mean period of 8.75 months. In the @entity1 study, 57 capsules from @entity1 with Baker grade IV @entity1159 were collected prospectively over a 4-year period. Biofilm and surrounding lymphocytes were analyzed using culture, nucleic acid, and visualization techniques. RESULTS: In the @entity1707 study, all samples were positive for bacterial biofilm. There was a significant correlation between the bacterial numbers and grade of capsular @entity1159 (p = 0.04). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that all lymphocytes were significantly more numerous on textured compared with smooth implants (p < 0.001). T cells accounted for the majority of the lymphocytic infiltrate. Imaging confirmed the presence of activated lymphocytes. In the @entity1 study, all capsules were positive for biofilm. Analysis of lymphocyte numbers showed a T-cell predominance (p < 0.001). There was a significant linear correlation between the number of T and B cells and the number of detected bacteria (p < 0.001). Subset analysis showed a significantly higher number of bacteria for @entity2636 implants (p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: @entity281 around breast prostheses produces an increased T-cell response both in the @entity1707 and in @entity1 . A possible link between bacterial biofilm and @entity784 is significant in light of breast implant-associated @entity2108 . CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Risk, V.

title: XXXX in breast implants is associated with an increased T-cell lymphocytic infiltrate: implications for breast implant-associated lymphoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic biofilm infection']

entities_list: @entity2108 :: ('MESH:D017728', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic large-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contracture']

entities_list: @entity2636 :: ('MESH:D011140', 'Chemical') :: ['polyurethane']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Chronic biofilm infection']


abstract: Purpose. To determine the agreement between Moorfields Regression Analysis (MRA), @entity726 ( @entity726 ) of @entity2479 nerve fibers thickness by iVue Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). Methods. 72 eyes with @entity2790 or @entity725 ( @entity725 ) were included in the study: 54 eyes had normal @entity227 ( @entity227 ) and 18 had @entity227 . All subjects performed achromatic 30   @entity227 by Octopus Program G1X dynamic strategy and were imaged with HRT III and iVue OCT. Sectorial and global MRA, @entity726 , and OCT parameters were used for the analysis. Kappa statistic was used to assess the agreement between methods. Results. A significant agreement between iVue OCT and @entity726 for the inferotemporal quadrant (k: 0.555) was found in @entity1 with abnormal @entity227 . A good overall agreement between @entity726 and MRA was found in all the eyes tested (k: 0.511). A good agreement between iVue OCT and MRA was shown in the superonasal (k: 0.656) and nasal (k: 0.627) quadrants followed by the superotemporal (k: 0.602) and inferotemporal (k: 0.586) sectors in all the studied eyes. Conclusion. The highest percentages of agreement were found per quadrant of the MRA and the iVue OCT confirming that in @entity16 starts from the temporal hemiretina.

title: Evaluation of Agreement between HRT III and iVue OCT in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['POAG', 'primary open angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual fields', 'VF damage', 'VF']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['Heidelberg retinal tomograph (HRT III), and peripapillary']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma damage']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Glaucoma Probability Score', 'GPS']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

answer: @entity2790 :: (MESH:D009798,Disease) :: ['Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Unprocessed biomass fuel is the primary source of indoor air pollution (IAP) in developing countries. The use of biomass fuel has been linked with @entity1729 . This study assesses sources of variations associated with the level of indoor @entity7459 ( @entity6836 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study examines household factors affecting the level of indoor pollution by measuring @entity6836 . Repeated measurements of @entity6836 were made using a passive diffusive sampler. A Saltzman colorimetric method using a spectrometer calibrated at 540 nm was employed to analyze the mass of @entity6836 on the collection filter that was then subjected to a mass transfer equation to calculate the level of @entity6836 for the 24 hours of sampling duration. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data on fuel use characteristics. Data entry and cleaning was done in EPI INFO version 6.04, while data was analyzed using SPSS version 15.0. Analysis of variance, multiple linear regression and linear mixed model were used to isolate determining factors contributing to the variation of @entity6836 concentration. RESULTS: A total of 17,215 air samples were fully analyzed during the study period. Wood and crop were principal source of household energy. Biomass fuel characteristics were strongly related to indoor @entity6836 concentration in one-way analysis of variance. There was variation in repeated measurements of indoor @entity6836 over time. In a linear mixed model regression analysis, highland setting, wet season, cooking, use of fire events at least twice a day, frequency of cooked food items, and interaction between ecology and season were predictors of indoor @entity6836 concentration. The volume of the housing unit and the presence of kitchen showed little relevance in the level of @entity6836 concentration. CONCLUSION: Agro-ecology, season, purpose of fire events, frequency of fire activities, frequency of cooking and physical conditions of housing are predictors of @entity6836 concentration. Improved kitchen conditions and ventilation are highly recommended.

title: Sources of variation for indoor XXXX in rural residences of Ethiopia.

entities_list: @entity7459 :: ('MESH:D009585', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen dioxide']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory infections']

answer: @entity7459 :: (MESH:D009585,Chemical) :: ['nitrogen dioxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI ( @entity9243 -MRI) and diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) in monitoring early therapeutic response to @entity2857 in @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) xenograft models. METHODS: @entity2857 (40   mg   kg(-1)) was administered orally to BALB/c @entity19 (n   =   9) bearing subcutaneous @entity5 of @entity1 @entity1358 ACHN xenografts. @entity9243 -MRI and DWI were obtained 0, 1, 3 and 7 days after therapy, and @entity9243 -MRI parameters (K(trans) and ve) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were calculated. Tumour size and volume changes were correlated with changes in @entity9243 -MRI parameters or ADC values after therapy. RESULTS: Following therapy, K(trans) showed a significant decrease over time (p   =   0.005), whereas ve did not demonstrate significant changes between time points (p   =   0.97). ADC values showed a progressive increase over time (p   =   0.004). Compared with pre-therapy, K(trans) showed a significant decrease after 3 days of therapy (p   =   0.039), and ADC values increased significantly after 7 days (p   =   0.039). Tumour size and volume did not show significant changes during 7 days. Tumour size and volume changes were not associated with changes in @entity9243 -MRI parameters or ADC values. CONCLUSION: @entity9243 -MRI and DWI may show early physiological changes within 1 week after initiating @entity2857 treatment on @entity1 @entity1358 xenografts. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: The quantitative parameters of @entity9243 -MRI and DWI may offer the potential for assessing early therapeutic response to @entity2857 in clinical trials.

title: Assessment of early therapeutic response to XXXX in @entity1358 xenografts by dynamic contrast-enhanced and diffusion-weighted MR imaging.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib', 'Sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

answer: @entity2857 :: (MESH:C471405,Chemical) :: ['sorafenib']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the outcome of evisceration with primary orbital implant in @entity735 with and without fulminant @entity281 ( @entity3225 / @entity11472 ). METHODS: Retrospective nonrandomized comparative interventional case series. @entity1 with a minimum postoperative follow-up of 6 months were considered for inclusion. Thirty-four eyes of 34 @entity1 were included. Sixteen eyes were infective and 18 noninfective. Nonporous @entity1346 implants were used for all cases and the main outcome measure was successful retention of the primary implant. Major and minor complications and successful prosthesis fitting were also noted. RESULTS: All except 3 cases were able to retain the primary implant successfully and all but 2 @entity1 underwent successful prosthesis fitting. Major complications included implant extrusion in 3 cases (2 infective, 1 noninfective) and implant exposure in 1 case (noninfective). The difference in major complications between the groups was not statistically significant (p   =   0.66, Fisher exact test). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that evisceration with primary orbital implant is a feasible option in fulminant @entity3225 / @entity11472 and provides a good postoperative cosmetic outcome to the anophthalmic socket at an economical cost.

title: Evisceration with Primary Orbital Implant in Fulminant XXXX / @entity11472 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['blind eyes']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity11472 :: ('MESH:D010202', 'Disease') :: ['panophthalmitis']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity3225 :: (MESH:D009877,Disease) :: ['Endophthalmitis']


abstract: @entity511 is the second most common primary @entity79 . Cytogenetic data are available from close to 100 cases, including all subtypes of @entity511 . Specific chromosomal rearrangements have been identified only in extraskeletal @entity3293 (EMC). Strong prognostic factors are largely missing, although size and, in particular, histologic @entity5 grade have been implicated. In the present study, we investigated the genomic aberrations in 59 @entity511 (six grade 1, 24 grade 2, and 29 grade 3, including dedifferentiated @entity5 ), excluding EMC, by chromosome banding analysis and DNA flow cytometry and correlated the findings with clinical outcome. Hyperhaploid to near-diploid karyotypes were found in half of the cases, and there was a good correlation between cytogenetics and flow cytometry data; discrepancies were seen primarily in cases with normal karyotypes and in those with -Y as the sole anomaly. Abnormal karyotypes, excluding those with -Y as the only change, were found in 36 cases. No recurrent structural aberration was found, but a nonrandom pattern of aberrations was seen. Total or partial gains and losses were the dominant karyotypic features. Genomic imbalances found in at least 10 cases included -1p36, -1p13-p22, -4, -5q13-q31, -6q22-qter, +7p13-pter, -9p22-pter, -10p, -10q24-qter, -11p13-pter, -11q25, +12q15-qter, -13q21-qter, -14q24-qter, -18p, -18q22-qter, +19, +20pter-q11, +21q, and -22q13. At the latest follow-up, 19 @entity1 had experienced distant metastases, and the 5-year @entity3 -free survival rate was 0.69. By univariate analysis, @entity5 grade and loss of material from 6q, 10p, 11p or 11q, 13q, and 22q were associated with impaired @entity3 -free survival. Only -13q was an independent prognostic factor for @entity3 , regardless of @entity5 grade or size.

title: Cytogenetic aberrations and their prognostic impact in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma', 'Chondrosarcoma', 'chondrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy of bone']

entities_list: @entity3293 :: ('MESH:C563195', 'Disease') :: ['myxoid chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity511 :: (MESH:D002813,Disease) :: ['chondrosarcoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity302 with @entity1654 (BECTS) is often associated with neural circuit dysfunction, particularly during the transient active state characterized by @entity302 ( @entity302 ). Little is known, however, about the functional neural circuit abnormalities in BECTS without @entity302 , or if such abnormalities could be used to differentiate BECTS @entity1 without @entity302 from healthy controls (HCs) for early diagnosis. To this end, we conducted resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) and simultaneous Electroencephalogram (EEG) in @entity1 with BECTS (n   =   43) and age-matched HC (n   =   28). The simultaneous EEG recordings distinguished BECTS with @entity302 (n   =   20) from without @entity302 (n   =   23). Intrinsic brain activity was measured in all three groups using the amplitude of low frequency fluctuation at rest. Compared to HC, BECTS @entity1 with @entity302 exhibited an intrinsic activity abnormality in the thalamus, suggesting that @entity9479 could contribute to IED emergence while @entity1 without @entity302 exhibited @entity2526 in middle frontal gyrus and superior parietal gyrus. Using multivariate pattern classification analysis, we were able to differentiate BECTS without @entity302 from HCs with 88.23% accuracy. BECTS without @entity302 transients can be distinguished from HC and BECTS with @entity302 by unique regional abnormalities in resting brain activity. Both @entity854 as reflected by @entity102 as reflected by RS-fMRI may contribute to BECTS development and expression. Intrinsic brain activity and multivariate pattern classification techniques are promising tools to diagnose and differentiate BECTS syndromes. Hum Brain Mapp, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Intrinsic brain activity as a diagnostic biomarker in XXXX with @entity1654 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['IEDs and chronic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic activity abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity9479 :: ('MESH:D013786', 'Disease') :: ['thalamic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1654 :: ('MESH:D019305', 'Disease') :: ['centrotemporal spikes']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['transient abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'IEDs', 'interictal epileptiform discharges', 'Benign epilepsy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: To determine whether conversion from @entity205 (CsA) to @entity1140 ( @entity11636 )-based immunosuppressive therapy is safe and might lead to improvement in the clinical side effect profile we studied 55 cardiac allograft recipients. Ten stable @entity1 were electively converted (0.2-1.5 yr after transplantation; group I) and 45 @entity1 were converted on indication (0.5-14 yr after transplantation; group II). We studied blood pressure, @entity165 level and renal function in all @entity1 . To unravel the mechanisms by which @entity870 may exert its toxic effects and to evaluate whether conversion is associated with immune activation, we analyzed the @entity2533 system and intragraft @entity1199 and @entity8252 mRNA expression by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative flow cytometry in the selectively converted @entity1 (group I). Conversion did not result in immune activation as no clinical, histological or molecular signs of immune activation (increased intragraft @entity1199 and @entity8252 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression) leading to rejection were found. It did not improve renal function neither in @entity1 group I nor in @entity1 group II. However, after conversion the blood pressure decreased (group I: systolic 154+/-16 vs 143+/-21 mmHg, p=0.03, diastolic: 99+/-11 vs 90+/-11, p=0.02 and group II: systolic 155+/-17 vs 142+/-14, p<0.001, diastolic: 99+/-11 vs 91+/-8 mmHg, p<0.001). Likewise, the @entity165 levels improved (group I: 6.6+/-0.5 vs 5.7+/-0.3 mmol/L, p=0.001 and group II: 7.1+/-1.7 vs 6.1+/-1.7 mmol/L, p=0.001). When @entity1 were treated with TAC the ongoing rejections (n=4) resolved and gum @entity1373 disappeared (n=5). Conversion was associated with a two-fold lower TGF-beta 1 type I receptor expression on peripheral lymphocytes and monocytes (p=0.02 and p=0.002, respectively). Conversion from CsA to TAC results in improvement of blood pressure and @entity165 levels and does not induce immune activation. These beneficial effects were accompanied with lower TGF-beta 1 type I receptor expression.

title: Conversion from @entity205 to XXXX is safe and decreases blood pressure, @entity165 levels and TGF-beta 1 type I receptor expression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['tacrolimus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Two types of popular scleral tunnel sutures in the manual small incision @entity231 surgery (MSICS) are horizontal and X-pattern sutures. Surgically induced @entity940 (SIA) is a useful indicator of the suturing effect. AIMS: To compare SIA between horizontal and X-pattern sutures in the scleral tunnel incisions for MSICS. DESIGN: Prospective, nonrandomized comparative trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After superior scleral tunnel incision and capsulorhexis, the nucleus was prolapsed into the anterior chamber and delivered. The wound was sutured with either horizontal or X-pattern suture. The simulated keratometry values were derived from the corneal topography preoperatively and 1.5 and 3 months postoperatively. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The SIA was calculated by Cartesian coordinates based analysis. RESULTS: Sixty-four @entity1 (32 @entity1 in each group) were included in the study. In the horizontal suture group, the SIA centroid values at 1.5 and 3 months after the surgery were 0.87 * 1   and 1.11 * 180  , respectively, showing induction of against-the-rule @entity940 . In the X-pattern suture group, the SIA centroid values at 1.5 and 3 months after the surgery were 0.61 * 97   and 0.66 * 92  , respectively, showing induction of mild with-the-rule @entity940 . The difference between the amount of SIA at 1.5 and 3 months after surgery was small. CONCLUSION: In the MSICS, the X-pattern sutures were preferred to the horizontal sutures in the @entity1 without significant preoperative steepening in line with the central meridian of the incision. In the cases with significant preoperative steepening, sutureless surgery or horizontal sutures were preferred. Corneal @entity940 in the @entity1 undergoing MSICS was stable at 1.5 months after the surgery.

title: Comparison of surgically induced @entity940 between horizontal and X-pattern sutures in the scleral tunnel incisions for manual small incision XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism', 'corneal astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: Changes in the proportion of peripheral blood T cell subsets after subcutaneous inoculation of @entity291 with @entity2497 Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) were studied. @entity291 were injected with approximately 8 x 10(6) BCG bacillus and blood samples collected at weekly intervals for flow-cytometric analyses to determine the proportion of @entity9214 +, CD8+ and gammadelta T cells. In addition, whole blood samples were stimulated in vitro with @entity2499 purified protein derivative (PPD) and the secreted @entity12028 quantified by ELISA. Results showed cellular and cytokine changes which could be categorized into three phases. The first phase occurred within the first 2 weeks after vaccination involving an increase in proportion of @entity9777 + gammadelta T cells and a concomitant increase in the secretion of @entity12028 . These two responses peaked at 2 weeks and waned thereafter. The second phase involved an increase in the @entity9214 /CD8 ratio as a result of an increase in the proportion of @entity9214 + T cells between 4 and 6 weeks. The third phase involved a decrease in the @entity9214 /CD8 ratio due to an increase in the proportion of CD8+ T cells between 8 and 10 weeks. Surprisingly, the @entity12028 response was associated with changes in the gammadelta rather than the @entity9214 + or CD8+ T cells, suggesting that this cytokine was secreted by gammadelta-T cells. These results are consistent with the reported ability of gammadelta T cells to act rapidly and bridging the innate and classically adaptive immune responses.

title: Vaccination of @entity291 with Mycobacteria XXXX Bacilli Calmete Guerin (BCG) induced rapid increase in the proportion of peripheral blood gammadelta T cells.

entities_list: @entity2497 :: ('1765', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium bovis']

answer: @entity2497 :: (1765,Species) :: ['bovis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) combined with @entity7730 ( @entity7730 ) has demonstrated improved survival in selected @entity1 with @entity14 ( @entity14 ). This treatment modality is associated with relatively high rates of perioperative morbidity and mortality. This study evaluated the clinical and treatment-related risk factors for perioperative morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with @entity14 who underwent @entity1104 and @entity7730 . METHODS: Sixty-three consecutive @entity1 who underwent @entity1104 and @entity7730 for @entity14 were evaluated. Adverse events were rated from grades I to V with increasing severity. Clinical and treatment-related risk factors for grades III and IV/V morbidity were determined. RESULTS: There were no perioperative @entity204 (0%). The grades III and IV morbidity rates were 14 and 17%, respectively. A peritoneal @entity5 index >12 (p = 0.019), transfusion >4 units (p = 0.028), number of peritonectomy procedures >3 (p = 0.013), left upper quadrant peritonectomy procedure (p < 0.001), and number of primary colonic anastomosis >1 (p = 0.004) were associated with grade IV morbidity on univariate analysis. Only left upper quadrant procedure was associated with grade IV morbidity on multivariate analysis (p = 0.002). Only number of primary colonic anastomosis >1 (p = 0.037) was associated with grade III morbidity on univariate analysis. This also was associated with grade III morbidity on multivariate analysis (p = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1104 and @entity7730 has an acceptable risk of perioperative morbidity in carefully selected @entity1 with @entity14 . @entity1 who require extensive surgery have the highest risk for a severe adverse event. Preoperative evaluation of @entity1 is essential to improve perioperative outcome.

title: A critical evaluation of risk factors for complications after cytoreductive surgery and XXXX for @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis', 'CRPC']

entities_list: @entity7730 :: ('MESH:D064146', 'Disease') :: ['PIC', 'perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['CRS', 'Cytoreductive surgery']

answer: @entity7730 :: (MESH:D064146,Disease) :: ['perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy']


abstract: Initial diagnosis of @entity299 traditionally relies upon clinical examination and ultrasound. Development of non-invasive imaging, multislice CT (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has changed the way those @entity1 are evaluated for diagnosis or follow-up. Cardiac catheterization is no longer the step two and in many clinical situations, non-invasive imaging is the method of choice, either before or instead of invasive angiography examination. Cross-sectional cardiovascular imaging brings thorough examination of the thorax, heart and great vessels, leading to three-dimensional volumes imaging, allowing diagnosis of the @entity13675 , evaluation of the anatomy and associated abnormalities. For each imaging technique advantages and drawbacks are discussed. X-ray use is the main disadvantage of MSCT, although it is a fast, easy and efficient technique, especially in babies because of its high spatial and temporal resolutions. Beside a precise  3D evaluation of the heart and great vessels, MSCT allows evaluation of small structures, like coronary arteries in routine, including in neonates and @entity1 , at a fast cardiac rhythm, and in a short examination time. The air-filled structures are well-depicted with MSCT, and 3D imaging is helpful in evaluation of tracheal and bronchi compression as compared to MRI. MR imaging brings, aside from the morphologic evaluation, helpful functional information for the left and right ventricles, and evaluation of @entity340 ( @entity850 and regurgitation). Those are critical data in the follow-up of @entity1 treated for @entity215 or after @entity3886 . The technique is also very powerful in evaluating @entity2333 , e.g. @entity1498 and @entity256 , and @entity1614 . Disadvantages are mainly the accessibility and the examination time, which in young @entity1 may require sedation or general anaesthesia. Cross-sectional cardiovascular imaging, MSCT and MRI, have considerably changed the diagnosis and follow-up of @entity1 suffering of @entity13675 . The techniques are complementary, and the choice will depend on the age, the clinical condition and the diagnosis of the @entity1 .

title: [Role of MSCT and MRI in the diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity13675 :: ('MESH:C536187', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cardiopathy', 'cardiopathy']

entities_list: @entity3886 :: ('MESH:D014188', 'Disease') :: ['atrial switch for transposition of the great vessels']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['tetralogy of fallot']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ["Marfan's disease"]

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['aortic coarctation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic disease']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy and @entity137 of alternate week concurrent @entity1487 , @entity1862 , and @entity900 with radiotherapy for locally advanced @entity788 . @entity1 received @entity1487 , @entity1862 and @entity900 with radiotherapy on an alternate week basis. Chemoradiotherapy was given day 1-5, and no therapy given day 6-14 for each 14 day cycle. Chemotherapy doses were as follows: @entity1862 1 mg every 12 h starting day 0, @entity1487 800 mg/m(2)/day for 5 days starting day 1, and @entity900 20 mg/m(2) daily for 5 days every other cycle. A radiation dose of 6000 cGy was prescribed. Acute @entity137 were monitored and therapy modified for hematologic @entity137 . Nine @entity1 enrolled, however eight were evaluable; one @entity1 expired prior to therapy. The median radiation dose delivered was 5540 cGy. Sixty-three percent required a chemotherapy dose reduction. Fifty percent achieved local control by radiographic imaging after completion of therapy. Median survival was 12 months. Acute @entity137 included: 38% grade 2-3 @entity390 , 37% grade 2-3 @entity391 , 63% grade 2-3 @entity33 , 63% grade 2-3 @entity1398 , and 88% grade 3-4 @entity882 . Other sequelae included @entity8566 , @entity1150 , @entity393 , @entity410 , and @entity448 . @entity1 achieved the same median survival as compared to other reported studies of radiation therapy with single agent @entity1487 . We do not recommend this protocol due to the significant @entity137 . Future studies to incorporate conformal radiation therapy with more active, less toxic chemotherapeutic agents should be investigated.

title: Concomitant @entity1487 , @entity1862 and XXXX with external beam radiation therapy for locally advanced @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity8566 :: ('MESH:D060831', 'Disease') :: ['hand-foot syndrome']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe @entity339 is often associated with left atrium (LA) enlargement, which is a well-known predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. However, only few data are available on the effect of mitral valve (MV) repair on LA size. The aim of this study was to evaluate, using real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography, the changes in LA volumes after MV repair. METHODS: A total of 65 @entity1 with severe @entity339 due to MV prolapse and scheduled for repair at an early stage were enrolled. Before the procedure, real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography was performed to assess LA volumes (maximum, before atrial active contraction [preA], and minimum). The same evaluation was repeated 6 months and 1 year after MV repair. Twenty healthy subjects matched for age and gender were enrolled as a control group. RESULTS: Before MV repair, @entity1 showed significantly higher values of LA volumes (maximum 43    14 mL/m  , preA 33    12 mL/m  , minimum 23    11 mL/m  ) as compared to controls (maximum 22    6 mL/m  , preA 13    4 mL/m  , minimum 8    3 mL/m  ). Six months after the operation, LA volumes significantly decreased (maximum 25    8 mL/m  , preA 18    8 mL/m  , minimum 13    5 mL/m  ), with a further reduction at 1-year follow-up (maximum 23    7 mL/m  , preA 15    7 mL/m  , minimum 11    5 mL/m  ), resulting in values similar to controls. The extent of LA reverse remodeling was inversely correlated with age (r = -0.42) and postoperative transmitral mean pressure gradient (r = -0.32), whereas a positive correlation was found with the reduction in left ventricular volume after MV repair (r = 0.35). DISCUSSION: In @entity1 with severe @entity339 due to MV prolapse, MV repair, when performed at an early stage, results in a significant LA reverse remodeling.

title: Left atrial reverse remodeling and functional improvement after mitral valve repair in XXXX : a real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['degenerative mitral regurgitation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity1337 /Nociception Index (ANI), a 0-100 non-invasive index calculated from heart rate variability, reflects the @entity1337 /nociception balance during general anesthesia. We hypothesized that dynamic variations of ANI (   ANI) would provide better performance than static values to predict hemodynamic reactivity during @entity10233 / @entity1937 general anesthesia. One hundred and twenty-eight @entity1 undergoing ear-nose-throat or lower limb orthopedic surgery were analyzed in this prospective observational study. The ANI, heart rate and systolic blood pressure were recorded before induction, at skin incision, during procedure and at emergence from general anesthesia. Changes in these variables were recorded after 1  min for ANI (ANI1min) and 5  min for heart rate and systolic blood pressure. The dynamic variation of ANI at the different time points was defined as:    ANI  =  (ANI1min  -  ANI)/([ANI  +  ANI1min]/2). Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were built to evaluate the performance of ANI, ANI1  min and    ANI to predict hemodynamic reactivity (increase by more than 20  % in @entity551 within 5  min). For the prediction of hemodynamic reactivity, better performance was observed with    ANI (area under ROC curve (AUC ROC)  =  0.90) in comparison to ANI (ROC AUC  =  0.50) and ANI1min (ROC AUC  =  0.77). A    ANI threshold of -19  % predicts hemodynamic reactivity with 85  % [95  % CI 77-91] sensitivity and 85  % [95  % CI 81-89] specificity. Dynamic variations of ANI provide better performance than static values to predict hemodynamic reactivity during @entity10233 / @entity1937 general anesthesia. These findings may be of interest for the individual adaptation of @entity1937 doses guided by    ANI during general anesthesia, although this remains to be demonstrated.

title: Prediction of hemodynamic reactivity using dynamic variations of XXXX /Nociception Index (   ANI).

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia', 'Analgesia']

entities_list: @entity10233 :: ('MESH:C053562', 'Chemical') :: ['desflurane']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['heart rate and/or systolic blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['Analgesia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2592 -induced @entity137 manifests as various cutaneous morphologies. A generalized papular purpuric @entity203 has not been well described. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to characterize a distinct @entity2592 -related @entity203 . METHODS: We reviewed all cases of @entity2592 -related @entity137 with papular purpuric eruptions or violaceous erythema at the University of California, San Francisco between 2006 and 2011. RESULTS: Sixteen cases were identified. The @entity203 began as erythematous papules that evolved into coalescing purpuric papules and plaques. It had affinity for intertriginous areas, neck, ears, and scalp. @entity111 was common, but no systemic complications were documented. Thirteen @entity1 (81.3%) developed the @entity203 after completion of chemotherapy. Differential diagnosis often included viral exanthem (62.5%), @entity203 (50%), and @entity1333 (37.5%). Histopathology was nonspecific but commonly demonstrated @entity2617 , spongiosis, and/or red cell extravasation. Importantly, the @entity203 was neither predicted by past @entity2592 exposure nor predictive of future recurrence. LIMITATIONS: This is a review of cases from a single institution. Observation was limited to acute hospitalization, however, charts were reviewed for subsequent reactions on rechallenge. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity203 described herein represents a specific skin-limited reaction to @entity2592 . Awareness of its characteristic morphology, distribution, and timeline will aid in clinical diagnosis. Reassurance concerning its benign nature will prevent unnecessary intervention or cessation of chemotherapy.

title: Generalized benign cutaneous reaction to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['sparse lymphocytic infiltrates']

entities_list: @entity203 :: ('MESH:D003875', 'Disease') :: ['drug eruption', 'eruption']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['Cytarabine', 'cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['Pruritus']

answer: @entity2592 :: (MESH:D003561,Chemical) :: ['cytarabine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 64-year-old @entity1 was hospitalized in 2002 with symptoms of stupor, weakness, and renal colic. The clinical examination indicated borderline @entity101 , small masses in the glutei, and @entity2011 . Laboratory tests evidenced high serum concentrations of @entity1011 , @entity460 , and @entity4613 . Imaging assessments disclosed widespread @entity729 , @entity730 , and pelvic @entity4122 . Subsequent lab tests indicated suppressed serum @entity461 , extremely high serum @entity14257 , and normal serum @entity10692 . Treatment was started with intravenous infusion of saline and @entity1483 due to the evidence of @entity2741 . @entity229 and @entity4546 were added given the evidence of @entity8853 . The treatment improved serum @entity460 , kidney function, and consciousness. The medical history disclosed recent treatment with exceptionally high doses of slow-release intra-muscular @entity3875 and the recent excretion of urinary stones. The @entity1 was discharged when it was possible to stop the intravenous treatment. The post-discharge treatment included oral hydration, @entity1483 , @entity229 and @entity4546 for approximately 6  months up to complete resolution of the @entity2741 . The @entity1 came back 12  years later because of microhematuria. Lab tests were normal for @entity460 / @entity3151 homeostasis and kidney function. Imaging tests indicated only minor @entity729 . This is the first evidence of reversible @entity729 secondary to @entity8853 .

title: Reversible XXXX associated with @entity8853 .

entities_list: @entity10692 :: ('MESH:C097949', 'Chemical') :: ['1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity3875 :: ('MESH:D002762', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecalciferol']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisone', 'prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['gluteal calcifications']

entities_list: @entity8853 :: ('MESH:D006986', 'Disease') :: ['hypervitaminosis D']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['vascular calcifications']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity14257 :: ('MESH:C104450', 'Chemical') :: ['25-hydroxy vitamin D']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity729 :: (MESH:D061205,Disease) :: ['vascular calcifications']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the quantitative electroenchephalographic (QEEG) absolute power and coherence differences between a group of @entity1 with @entity162 ( @entity162 ) and a group of @entity1 with @entity161 . We also examined the correlation between QEEG measures and family history of @entity1555 . METHOD: Using the National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH) Global Rating Scale, we rated 18 adult inpatients with a DSM-III-R diagnosis of @entity162 for the severity of the current episode. We also collected data on the family history of the illness. This group was then matched for age, sex, and handedness with an equal number of inpatients with a DSM-III-R diagnosis of @entity161 . QEEG absolute power and coherence was calculated for the alpha bandwidth (8.0 to 12.0 Hz), assessed at 18 pairs of electrodes in both hemispheres during resting, eyes-closed condition in all the @entity1 . RESULTS: The @entity1 with @entity161 showed significantly higher coherence (P = 0.047) at 6 pairs of electrodes on the right side. The group with @entity1555 showed significantly higher power (P = 0.042) at 2 pairs of electrodes on the right side. Correlational analysis showed that QEEG measures were significantly correlated (P = 0.01) with positive family history of @entity1555 . CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the @entity1 with @entity1555 are more disorganized in the right anterior hemisphere and that there is a significant positive correlation between the QEEG measures and the presence of family history of @entity1555 . Further studies in a larger sample are required to confirm these preliminary findings.

title: Preliminary assessment of intrahemispheric QEEG measures in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar I mood disorder', 'BMD I']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar mood disorders']


abstract: @entity18268 (also known as "transsexualism") is characterized as a discrepancy between anatomical sex and gender identity. Research points towards neurobiological influences. Due to the sexually dimorphic characteristics of the @entity1 voice, @entity1740 provides a biologically relevant function, e.g. in the context of mating selection. There is evidence for a better recognition of voices of the opposite sex and a differentiation of the sexes in its underlying functional cerebral correlates, namely the prefrontal and middle temporal areas. This fMRI study investigated the neural correlates of @entity1740 in 32 male-to-female gender dysphoric individuals (MtFs) compared to 20 non-gender dysphoric @entity1 and 19 non-gender dysphoric @entity1 . @entity1 indicated the sex of 240 voice stimuli modified in semitone steps in the direction to the other gender. Compared to @entity1 and @entity1 , MtFs showed differences in a neural network including the medial prefrontal gyrus, the insula, and the precuneus when responding to male vs. female voices. With increased voice morphing @entity1 recruited more prefrontal areas compared to @entity1 and MtFs, while MtFs revealed a pattern more similar to @entity1 . On a behavioral and neuronal level, our results support the feeling of MtFs reporting they cannot identify with their assigned sex.

title: More than just two sexes: the neural correlates of @entity1740 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity18268 :: ('MESH:D019968', 'Disease') :: ['Gender dysphoria']

entities_list: @entity1740 :: ('MESH:D014832', 'Disease') :: ['voice gender perception']

answer: @entity18268 :: (MESH:D019968,Disease) :: ['gender dysphoria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ) on the electrocardiogram (ECG) may be masked in the presence of complete @entity714 ( @entity714 ). @entity714 on the ECG is associated with @entity4346 at autopsy in 93% of hearts studied. However, @entity714 does not predict @entity4346 and the usual ECG criteria applied for @entity4346 may not be reliable in the presence of @entity714 . HYPOTHESIS: The study was undertaken to evaluate left @entity955 as a criterion for the diagnosis of @entity4346 in the presence of @entity714 . METHODS: @entity4032 in the ECG was assessed by two independent observers as a criterion of @entity4346 in the presence of @entity714 in 100 @entity1 , and data were compared with those of 50 @entity1 without @entity4032 . RESULTS: @entity4346 was confirmed by echocardiographic determination of left ventricular (LV) mass in both groups. Observers reliably differentiated between hypertrophied and normal-sized LV in the presence of @entity714 by using @entity4032 as an ECG criterion when correlated with LV mass determined by echocardiography. Observer 1 correctly detected @entity4346 in 88% and Observer 2 in 82% of @entity1 . False positive diagnosis was made in 12 and 18% of @entity1 by Observers 1 and 2, respectively. Observers' performance of recognition of @entity4032 in the present study was 94%. Results showed sensitivity of 76 and 70% and specificity of 84 and 92% for Observers 1 and 2, respectively. Left ventricular mass increased significantly and was diagnostic of @entity4346 in 92% of @entity1 with @entity4032 . Left ventricular mass was high in 84% of @entity1 when corrected by body surface area. @entity4346 in the presence of @entity714 by the ECG was found in only seven @entity1 (5%) when six commonly used conventional criteria of diagnosis of @entity4346 by ECG were employed. Regression analysis found @entity4032 to be a strong independent predictor of increased LV mass. Multiple regression analysis revealed that age, body mass index, body surface area, and frontal @entity2270 are also significant predictors of LV mass. CONCLUSION: The results obtained by the correlation of @entity4032 by ECG and @entity4346 by echocardiography conclude that @entity4032 by ECG was significantly diagnostic of @entity4346 in the presence of @entity714 .

title: XXXX by electrocardiogram predicts left ventricular hypertrophy by echocardiography in the presence of @entity714 .

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['RBBB', 'right bundle-branch block', 'Left bundle-branch block']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular hypertrophy', 'LV hypertrophy', 'LVH']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial (LA) abnormality']

entities_list: @entity4032 :: ('MESH:D059446', 'Disease') :: ['Left atrial abnormality', 'LA abnormality']

answer: @entity4032 :: (MESH:D059446,Disease) :: ['Left atrial abnormality']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity111 is a characteristic clinical sign of @entity272 including @entity483 ( @entity483 ) in the @entity235 . @entity69616 is a cytokine found in the serum of some @entity235 with @entity483 and can induce @entity11782 in laboratory @entity235 . HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to characterize an @entity69616 -induced @entity111 model by evaluating the efficacy of @entity617 , @entity619 and @entity69617 , and to compare the speed of anti-pruritic effects of @entity69617 against those of @entity617 and @entity619 . ANIMALS: Purpose-bred @entity235 were used in all studies. METHODS: Randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled studies were designed to evaluate and compare the anti-pruritic properties of @entity617 , @entity619 and @entity69617 following a single intravenous injection of recombinant @entity235 @entity69616 . Video surveillance was used to monitor and score @entity11782 in study animals. RESULTS: @entity617 [0.5 mg/kg, per os (p.o.)] reduced @entity69616 -induced @entity111 when given 10 h prior to observation. When the time interval between drug treatment and observation was shortened to 1 h, @entity619 (0.2 mg/kg, intramuscular) but not @entity617 (0.25 or 0.5 mg/kg, p.o.) reduced @entity69616 -induced @entity111 . @entity69617 (0.4 mg/kg, p.o.) reduced @entity111 when given 1, 6, 11 and 16 h prior to the observation period, and the anti-pruritic activity of @entity69617 was greater when compared to @entity617 and @entity619 at all time points assessed. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: The efficacy of @entity617 , @entity619 and @entity69617 in the @entity69616 -induced @entity111 model gives confidence that this may be a relevant model for acute @entity111 associated with @entity56 including @entity483 and can be used to evaluate novel compounds or formulations.

title: XXXX -induced @entity111 in @entity235 : a novel experimental model to evaluate anti-pruritic effects of @entity235 therapeutics.

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity11782 :: ('MESH:C535817', 'Disease') :: ['pruritic behaviours']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['canine', 'beagle dogs', 'dog', 'dogs']

entities_list: @entity69617 :: ('MESH:C588062', 'Chemical') :: ['Oclacitinib', 'oclacitinib']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['Pruritus', 'pruritus']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['allergic skin conditions']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisolone', 'prednisolone']

answer: @entity69616 :: (100302725(Tax:9615),Gene) :: ['IL-31']


abstract: The targeted delivery of genes whose products arrest the cell cycle and/or induce apoptosis represent an important tool for the understanding and controlling forms of unregulated cell growth. The vpr gene product of @entity2858 has been reported to interfere with cell growth and induce apoptosis, but the mechanism of its action is not clearly understood. In order to study these important properties of Vpr, we created a recombinant adenovirus H5.010 @entity2834 -vpr (adCMV-vpr) as a tool to deliver the vpr gene to various cell lines to examine its biology. Vpr protein expression was confirmed by Western blot analysis in adCMV-vpr infected cells. We tested the effects of adCMV-vpr on cell growth of several @entity5 cell lines. Infection of both @entity876 positive and @entity876 deficient @entity5 cell lines with adCMV-vpr resulted in dramatic induction of cell death in short-term assays. We observed that apoptosis was induced through the mitochondrial pathway as we observed changes in the @entity4674 content accompanied by @entity8187 activation. As @entity588 is reported to interfere with apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway, we examined the effect of adCMV-vpr in @entity588 over expressing cell lines. We observed that @entity588 overexpression does not inhibit adCMV-vpr induced apoptosis. The properties of adCMV-vpr inducing apoptosis through @entity8187 in a @entity876 pathway independent manner suggest that this is an important reagent. Such a vector may give insight into approaches designed to limit the growth of pathogenic @entity1 cells.

title: Adenovirus encoding @entity2858 Vpr activates @entity8187 and induces apoptotic cell death in both @entity876 positive and negative XXXX @entity5 cell lines.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a pilot program for early detection of cervical @entity5 using visual inspection with @entity1543 (VIA) and the loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) in one region of Morocco. METHODS: A descriptive analysis of the screening outcome measures of 43 participating primary care units and one reference center for LEEP was conducted in Mekn  s-Tafilalet between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2013. Data on the number of @entity1 , VIA results, colposcopy, and treatment were used in analyses. RESULTS: Of the 308 197 @entity1 in the target age group (30-49 years), 18 586 (6.0%) were screened by VIA. Positive screening test results were recorded for 1628 (8.8%) @entity1 , of whom 1144 (70.3%) received diagnostic confirmation by colposcopy. Of the 87 (7.6%) @entity1 with @entity3146 , only 16 (18.4%) underwent LEEP; three cases of @entity3 were diagnosed. CONCLUSION: Issues with implementation of the screening program were found, including low compliance and a low treatment rate of @entity3146 by LEEP. By contrast, high rates of colposcopy referral were observed. Screen-and-treat by ablative methods (e.g. thermocoagulation) should be considered to increase treatment rates at national scale-up.

title: Organization and evaluation of a pilot cervical XXXX screening program in Morocco.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: @entity3204 is a wide spread protozoan parasite belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa. Members of this group of @entity4801 cause economically and medically important diseases in a variety of animals, including @entity1 . @entity3204 is notable among this group for the fact that it readily infects virtually all warm-blooded vertebrates, while most apicomplexans are typically restricted in their host range. Individual strains of @entity3204 are genetically quite similar and molecular studies indicate that the vast majority (>95%) of strains can be grouped into one of three distinct clonal lineages. Remarkably, these three lineages are comprised of different combinations of two parental alleles, indicating they arose from a single genetic cross. The unusual population structure of @entity3204 originated within the last 10,000 years, while the genus itself is approximately 10 million years old. The remarkable success of the three lineages following their recent origin is likely attributable to a dramatic change in the life cycle that greatly facilitated transmission. Prior to the cross that gave rise to the clonal lineages, and in all closely related @entity4801 , transmission occurred by an obligatory two-host life cycle that alternated between definitive (carnivorous) and intermediate (herbivorous) hosts. The reassortment of genes that occurred in the cross allowed direct oral transmission between many different intermediate hosts. These findings illustrate that complex biological life cycles can change rapidly and dramatically, thus presenting a constant source of new @entity2927 .

title: Recent origins among ancient XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasites']

entities_list: @entity2927 :: ('MESH:D015047', 'Disease') :: ['zoonotic infections']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['T. gondii', 'Toxoplasma gondii']

answer: @entity4801 :: (MESH:D010272,Disease) :: ['parasites']


abstract: Extracellular matrix (ECM) components, through specific peptide motifs such as @entity11599 (RGD), interact with integrins and can modify the behavior of cells. @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) is the main cytokine involved in the synthesis of ECM proteins. We analyzed the effect of a RGD-containing peptide, as @entity9044 (RGDS), on the regulation of @entity2533 secretion in cultured @entity1 mesangial cells. We found that RGDS increased mRNA expression and secretion of @entity2533 by stimulating the @entity2533 gene promoter. This effect was dependent on the interaction of RGDS with integrins. We evaluated the signaling pathways implicated in @entity2533 production by analyzing the effect of RGDS on kinase-related integrins. RGDS stimulated @entity669 phosphorylation as well as @entity12019 ( @entity12019 ) activity. However, @entity669 kinase inhibitors did not prevent the RGDS effect. In contrast, the inhibition of @entity12019 by cell transfection with a kinase dead- @entity12019 completely abolished the increased @entity2533 secretion and promoter activity in the presence of RGDS. Thus RGDS modulates the secretion of @entity2533 , probably through increased synthesis by interacting with integrins and activating @entity12019 . This supports a role for ECM components in the regulation of their own secretion.

title: XXXX (RGDS) peptide stimulates transforming growth factor beta1 transcription and secretion through integrin activation.

entities_list: @entity12019 :: ('3611', 'Gene') :: ['ILK', 'integrin-linked kinase']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta1', 'Transforming growth factor-beta1']

entities_list: @entity9044 :: ('MESH:C046617', 'Chemical') :: ['Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity9044 :: (MESH:C046617,Chemical) :: ['Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser']


abstract: The role of sex @entity230 in @entity453 ( @entity453 ) has been studied for years. In @entity1 after @entity583 has been described. Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is one of the method of autonomic nervous system evaluation. The aim of the study was to evaluate correlations between sex @entity230 and HRV in 88 @entity1 (aged 36-73, av. 53 yrs), with the history of MI, with angiographically documented @entity453 . In all the @entity1 24-hour Holter monitoring was performed to assess HRV time domain parameters: SDNN, SDNNI, SDANN, rMSSD, pNN50. Levels of @entity251 and @entity53 were measured in two subsequent blood samples, taken with 30 min interval. Free @entity251 index as well as @entity53 / @entity251 ratio were assessed. For statistics r-Spearman test was used. Positive correlations were found between @entity251 and SDNN (r = 0.38, p = 0.03), @entity251 and rMSSD (r = 0.51, p = 0.002) and between @entity251 and pNN50 (r = 0.45, p = 0.007). Since rMSSD and pNN50 are parameters describing parasympathetic activity, our results suggest that in @entity453 @entity1 with the history of @entity583 , @entity251 may influences the function of autonomic nervous system promoting parasympathetic dominance. It can be favorable for the circulatory system function.

title: [Sex @entity230 and heart rate variability in @entity1 with @entity453 after XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction autonomic nervous system dysfunction', 'myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: A case of @entity6835 is reported. A 30 year old @entity1 , presented @entity51 , mild @entity221 which had started one week before her admission. Abdominal tenderness, @entity911 , @entity933 , @entity2414 were found. Abnormal motor activity with @entity2003 , @entity400 , @entity2045 around the mouth also existed. There were neither focal signs nor signs of @entity146 . Computed tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance of the brain were normal. Laboratory analyses did not explain the anomalies. Several deep @entity1066 were disclosed by colonoscopy and a @entity14341 was isolated from the material extracted by endoscopy. Nonspecific @entity1960 was informed by pathology. The @entity1 was treated with 400 mg @entity2177 for 14 days, with improvement of the clinical picture. The most prominent aspect in this case was the clinical presentation with predominant @entity16 creating the impression of a @entity16 . Admission diagnosis was @entity11410 . We believe that all of the anomalies present in our @entity1 , the @entity294 and @entity75 , were produced by the same etiologic agent, @entity14341 and by its toxins.

title: [ XXXX in an adult with Shigella].

entities_list: @entity6835 :: ('MESH:D004405', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic shigellosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'woman']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal irritation']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus']

entities_list: @entity11410 :: ('MESH:D018792', 'Disease') :: ['viral encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['primary nervous system disease', 'neurologic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of orientation and of recent memory']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['watery diarrhea and fever']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['Encephalopathy']


abstract: The socio-sexual environment of a female is known to affect ovarian function. Increased male contact can enhance menstrual cycle regularity. Conversely, social deprivation constitutes a form of stress that often alters cyclicity and the secretion of reproductive hormones. The present study was carried out on captive female @entity831 to examine possible interactions among housing conditions, menstrual cycle length, morphological changes in secondary sexual character expression and endocrine release patterns related to follicular and luteal function. Animals were housed over a period of 2 years either with a male conspecific or singly. Blood samples were collected over three cycles, and anogenital swelling changes registered to define menstrual cycle phases. Fecal sampling techniques were used to monitor @entity701 as a measure of stress-load. Male presence seemed to affect female cyclicity. Females housed with a male had shorter and more regular cycles than singly housed females. @entity69909 , gonadotropins and @entity53 levels were generally higher in paired females during specific cycle phases. Group variation was not always significant. No differences were found in @entity1420 . Sexually cohabited females tended to have lower fecal @entity701 metabolites immediately before and after maximum tumescence. We suggest that the close behavioral, physical and olfactory contact with a male conspecific can act as a sort of zeitgeber to modulate ovarian function by stabilizing the female cycle and, perhaps, enhancing folliculogenesis and ovulation.

title: Impact of social environment on female XXXX reproductive cycles.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity831 :: ('9598', 'Species') :: ['chimpanzees']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity831 :: (9598,Species) :: ['chimpanzee']


abstract: @entity19 @entity20736 is associated with increased adherence of neutrophils to the vascular endothelium resulting in neutrophil infiltration and tissue damage. We examined the effects of @entity130 on the expression of the adhesion molecule P-selectin in several vital organs (i.e., heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, and small intestine) 2 h after induction of Noble-Collip drum @entity130 in anesthetized @entity35 . Total RNA was extracted from these organs and P-selectin mRNA was quantified by RNase protection assays. P-selectin mRNA was significantly increased over control nontraumatized, anesthetized @entity35 in all vital organs (P<0.05 or less), with the largest increase occurring in the lung (P<0.01). Immunohistochemical analysis showed increased expression of P-selectin protein in postcapillary venules of all vital organs after @entity130 . To further investigate the possible mechanisms of increased P-selectin mRNA transcription promoter activity during @entity130 , we quantified binding of proteins from nuclear extracts to the kappaB site (-218GGGGGTGACCC[-207]) of the P-selectin gene by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. We confirmed the results of NF-kappaB binding by demonstrating increases in p50 and @entity12992 , as well as decreases in IkappaB in cytoplasmic and nuclear extracts from the lungs of @entity130 @entity35 by Western blotting. Increased activity of the transcription factor, nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), occurred in all vital organs of the @entity130 @entity35 compared to sham-operated controls. Our findings suggest that severe @entity130 results in up-regulation of P-selectin at the transcriptional level, which is partly controlled by an NF-kappaB-responsive element in the region of the P-selectin promoter. This increased activation of NF-kappB binding may contribute to the widespread increases in P-selectin expression observed in several vital organs 2 h after @entity130 , which in turn may play a key role in the pathogenesis of @entity20736 .

title: P-selectin is up-regulated in vital organs during XXXX @entity20736 .

entities_list: @entity20736 :: ('MESH:D012774', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic shock']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Our previous study showed that modified uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP), including tonsillectomy, significantly improved nocturnal respiration in @entity27 ( @entity27 ) @entity1 . This is a continuous study of changes in @entity25 and quality of life. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT), two parallel arms. METHODS: Sixty-five @entity1 with @entity386 - @entity387 index   >=    15, body mass index   <   36, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS)   >=    8, Friedman stage I or II, failing nonsurgical treatment. The intervention group (n   =   32) underwent surgery, and the controls (n   =   33) had no treatment. At baseline and the 7-month follow-up, polysomnography, questionnaires, and vigilance tests were implemented. RESULTS: All @entity1 answered the questionnaires, and 48 took the vigilance test. Epworth Sleepiness Scale decreased significantly in the intervention group, from a mean (standard deviation) of 12.5(3.2) to 6.8(3.9), but nonsignificantly in the control group, from 12.9(3.1) to 12.5(3.9), a significant group difference (P   <   0.001). The physical and mental component score on the Short Form-36 questionnaire increased significantly in the intervention group, from a mean 47.8(8.3) to 51.2(8.8) and from 42.1(10.6) to 48.1(9.7), respectively, but with nonsignificant changes in the controls: 49.0(9.0) to 48.3(9.1) and 41.0(10.2) to 42.7(11.5), significant group differences (P   =   0.007, P   =   0.031), respectively. The sleep latency/vigilance test showed a significant mean increase in the intervention group of 7(12.4) minutes and a decrease in the controls of 2.2(10.6), a significant group difference (P   =   0.011). There were significant correlations between changes in subjective outcomes and nocturnal respiration. CONCLUSION: This RCT shows that modified UPPP was effective in improving @entity25 and quality of life in @entity27 @entity1 . It strengthens the body of evidence on the potential effect of surgery offered to selected @entity1 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 1b. Laryngoscope, 2015.

title: SKUP(3) RCT; continuous study: Changes in XXXX and quality of life after modified UPPP.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopnea']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['OSAS', 'obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleepiness']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare @entity34 ( @entity34 ) among @entity1 treated with @entity2239 and chemotherapy, two commonly-used treatments for hormone-receptor-positive/ @entity1 -epidermal-growth-factor-receptor-2-negative (HR+/ @entity1722 -) metastatic @entity0 (mBC). METHODS: Postmenopausal @entity1 with HR+/ @entity1722 - mBC who initiated >= 1 new line of therapy for mBC during 7/20/2012-3/31/2014 after a non-steroidal-aromatase-inhibitor were identified from MarketScan and PharMetrics databases (2002Q1-2014Q2) using a claims-based algorithm. @entity1 were classified into treatment groups by regimen and line of therapy, and were followed until discontinuation of therapy, end of insurance eligibility, or data cut-off (06/30/2014). Discontinuation was defined as a treatment gap of >= 60 days; @entity1 who did not discontinue were censored at the end of follow-up. @entity34 was compared between @entity2239 , chemotherapy, and @entity416 monotherapy using Kaplan-Meier analyses and multivariable Cox models adjusting for line of therapy, age, insurance, de novo mBC diagnosis, prior use of chemotherapy for mBC, sites of metastases, and Charlson comorbidity index. RESULTS: Across the first four lines of therapies for mBC, a total of 940 @entity2239 , 3,410 chemotherapy, and 721 @entity416 monotherapy regimens were included. Based on the different lines of therapies, the median @entity34 ranged from 5.5 to 7.2 months for @entity2239 , 4.3 to 4.7 months for chemotherapy, and 3.5 to 6.0 months for @entity416 monotherapy. Pooling all lines of therapies, @entity2239 was associated with significantly longer @entity34 compared to chemotherapy (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.62-0.76) or @entity416 monotherapy (multivariable-adjusted HR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.64-0.83). Longer @entity34 was consistently observed for @entity2239 for each line of therapy. LIMITATIONS: Proxies used for identifying HR+/ @entity1722 - mBC and treatment line, lack of certain clinical factors in claims data, generalizability limited to commercially-insured @entity1 in the US. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that HR+/ @entity1722 - mBC @entity1 receiving @entity2239 experienced significantly longer @entity34 than those receiving chemotherapy overall or @entity416 monotherapy.

title: Time on treatment of @entity2239 and chemotherapy among postmenopausal XXXX with HR+/ @entity1722 - metastatic @entity0 : A retrospective claims study in the US.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['everolimus']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['time on treatment', 'TOT']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Study objectives were to assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of @entity42863 in @entity191 @entity1 with levodopa-induced @entity910 . Two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, in- @entity1 studies for @entity191 @entity1 with moderate to severe levodopa-induced @entity910 (study 1) and severe levodopa-induced @entity910 (study 2) on stable dopaminergic therapy were performed. @entity1 received 25-150 mg @entity42863 or placebo twice daily for 16 days (both studies). Study 2 included a 4-day down-titration. Primary outcomes were the Lang-Fahn Activities of Daily Living @entity910 Scale (study 1), the modified @entity910 Scale (study 2), and the Unified @entity191 Rating Scale-part III (both studies). Secondary outcomes included the Unified @entity191 Rating Scale-part IV items 32-33. The primary analysis was change from baseline to day 16 on all outcomes. Treatment differences were assessed. Fifteen @entity1 were randomized to @entity42863 and 16 to placebo in study 1; 14 @entity1 were randomized to each group in study 2. @entity42863 -treated @entity1 showed significant improvements in @entity910 on day 16 versus placebo (eg, Lang-Fahn Activities of Daily Living @entity910 Scale, P = .021 [study 1]; modified @entity910 Scale, P = .032 [study 2]). No significant changes were seen from baseline on day 16 on the Unified @entity191 Rating Scale-part III in either study. Adverse events were reported in both studies, including dizziness. Serious adverse events (most commonly worsening of @entity910 , apparently associated with stopping treatment) were reported by 4 @entity42863 -treated @entity1 in study 1, and 3 @entity1 (2 @entity42863 -treated @entity1 and 1 in the placebo group) in study 2. @entity42863 showed a clinically relevant and significant antidyskinetic effect without changing the antiparkinsonian effects of dopaminergic therapy.    2011 @entity717 Society.

title: XXXX treatment of levodopa-induced @entity910 : results of 2 randomized controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia', 'dyskinesias', 'Abnormal Involuntary Movement', 'Dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", "Parkinson's Disease"]

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Movement Disorder']

answer: @entity42863 :: (MESH:C581397,Chemical) :: ['AFQ056']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vestibular @entity2704 (VM) has gained recognition as a distinct clinical entity in recent years. The pathophysiology is unclear. Vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) is a validated method to test the vestibulocollic reflex and peripheral @entity56 to noise. The aim of our study was to evaluate the vestibular function and sensitivity in a series of VM @entity1 in comparison to ordinary @entity2704 ( @entity2704 ) @entity1 and healthy controls. METHODS: Thirty-seven @entity1 diagnosed with VM according to the Neuhauser criteria, 32 migraineurs, and 30 healthy @entity1 underwent VEMP testing (response and sound intensity threshold) and a @entity11535 susceptibility questionnaire. RESULTS: We found absence of unilateral or bilateral VEMP response at 90      dB normal hearing level (nHL) in 44% of the VM @entity1 , in 25% of the migraineurs, as compared to in 3% of the healthy controls (p      =      0.001). The sound intensity threshold and latencies were similar in all the groups. Migraineurs (VM   >   @entity2704 ) reported more @entity11535 than healthy controls (p      =         0.006). CONCLUSION: The results indicate more pathology in the VEMP circuitry in migraineurs than in healthy controls. We did not find support for peripheral @entity56 in terms of lower VEMP threshold among VM @entity1 , but they are more sensitive for motion triggers than other migraineurs.

title: Vestibular sensitivity in vestibular @entity2704 : VEMPs and XXXX susceptibility.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity11535 :: ('MESH:D009041', 'Disease') :: ['motion sickness']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity11535 :: (MESH:D009041,Disease) :: ['motion sickness']


abstract: PURPOSE: To provide guidelines for safe implantation of @entity726 ( @entity726 ) in small and pediatric eyes to avoid contact between the optic nerve (ON) and the posterior edge of the @entity26585 plate. METHODS: We developed a formula for calculating limbus-to-ON distance to estimate the available "real estate" for @entity26585 placement in small eyes. The formula was validated using eyes of pediatric decedents undergoing clinical autopsy, with @entity3656 ( @entity3656 ) of 15-24  mm. For each autopsy eye, we measured @entity3656 , anterior chamber depth, corneal diameter, and limbus-to-ON distances for the four eye quadrants. The main outcome measure was the degree of agreement between measured and calculated limbus-to-ON distances. RESULTS: A total of 15 autopsy eyes were divided into derivation (n  =  10) and validation (n  =  5) groups. A formula was derived to estimate superotemporal limbus-to-ON distance (DST) using @entity3656 and corneal diameter data. Linear regression showed excellent correlation between the measured DST and @entity3656 (R(2)  =  0.98). There was excellent agreement between measured and calculated limbus-to-ON values for all four eye quadrants (R(2) range, 0.92-0.98). CONCLUSIONS: Our formula accurately predicts limbus-to-ON distances across a wide range of clinically relevant ALs. Based on this information, @entity26585 surgery in small eyes can be adjusted by positioning the @entity26585 closer to the limbus or by trimming the posterior edge of the @entity26585 plate. To our knowledge, this is the first set of guidelines developed to promote safe implantation of @entity726 in small eyes.

title: Staying away from the optic nerve: a formula for modifying XXXX drainage device surgery in pediatric and other small eyes.

entities_list: @entity3656 :: ('MESH:D007870', 'Disease') :: ['AL', 'axial lengths']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['GDDs', 'glaucoma drainage devices']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Double inversion recovery (DIR) detects only a minority (<20%) of @entity75 ( @entity75 ) in @entity15 ( @entity15 ). Phase-sensitive inversion recovery (PSIR) was suggested to be substantially superior to DIR in the detection of @entity75 ( @entity75 ). These two sequences might be complementary. OBJECTIVES: To analyze @entity75 frequency and type in @entity15 @entity1 having @entity717 , including @entity1 at clinical onset, and to discern more correctly the artifacts, by combining DIR and PSIR images. @entity1 AND METHODS: 40 @entity1 were enrolled in the study: 10 clinically isolated syndrome/early @entity3780 (CIS/eRRMS), 24 @entity3780 ( @entity3780 ), 6 secondary progressive @entity15 (SPMS). DIR and PSIR images were jointly used to classify lesions as purely intracortical (IC), leukocortical (LC) and juxtacortical (JC). RESULTS: PSIR disclosed @entity75 in 100% of the @entity1 and was capable of identifying more than four times lesions (455.5%, p<0.00001), especially IC (mean numbers: 36.5 @entity3780 , 45.0 in @entity3780 and 52.3 in SPMS) and LC (mean numbers: 10.9 @entity3780 , 20.1 in @entity3780 and 25.3 in SPMS), compared to DIR (p<0.00001). @entity75 number was significantly higher in SPMS compared to @entity3780 (p<0.0001). Artifacts were more accurately identified by comparing the two sequences. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms the higher ability of PSIR in disclosing and classifying @entity75 . The presence of @entity75 in all CIS @entity1 further points out the relevance of cortical pathology in @entity15 . Whether the parallel analysis of DIR and PSIR images may be useful for diagnostic purposes, especially when a diagnosis of @entity15 is suspected but not confirmed by routine MRI, needs to be evaluated in larger @entity1 series. The analysis of the cortex by DIR and PSIR may also allow a better stratification of the @entity1 for prognostic and counseling purposes, as well as for their inclusion in clinical studies.

title: The Parallel Analysis of Phase Sensitive Inversion Recovery (PSIR) and Double Inversion Recovery (DIR) Images Significantly Improves the Detection of Cortical Lesions in XXXX ( @entity15 ) since Clinical Onset.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cortical lesions', 'CL']

entities_list: @entity3780 :: ('MESH:D020529', 'Disease') :: ['relapsing remitting MS', 'in CIS/eRRMS', 'RRMS']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['different disease duration and disability']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['Multiple Sclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the application of lung ultrasound (US) in the evaluation and implementation of @entity133 maneuvers in @entity649 ( @entity649 ). METHODS: Twelve @entity95 with saline lavage-induced @entity651 were randomly divided into 2 groups: one with @entity133 guided by lung US and the other with @entity133 guided by maximal oxygenation. Recruitment maneuvers were applied according to a stepwise incremental positive end-expiratory pressure method in both groups. In the oxygenation group, a sum of the partial pressures of @entity26 and @entity544 exceeding 400 mm Hg was used to define adequate recruitment. In the lung US group, a new protocol for reaeration in US-guided lung recruitment was used to guide treatment. Evaluation by lung US, respiratory mechanical parameters, the Smith pathologic score (Crit Care Med 1997; 25:1888-1897), and wet-to-dry ratio were compared between the groups. RESULTS: Opening pressure was significantly higher in the lung US group (mean    SD, 23.4    3.4 cm @entity4358 ) than the oxygenation group (18.7    2.1 cm @entity4358 ; P < .05). The reaeration score in the lung US group significantly increased during @entity133 (6.5    1.6 points at baseline versus 13.8    3.0 points after completion; P < .05). Lung compliance, dead space shunts, the Smith pathologic score, and tissue wet-to-dry ratio, however, were not significantly different between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Lung US is an effective means of evaluating and guiding @entity133 in @entity649 . Compared with the maximal oxygenation-guided method, the protocol for reaeration in US-guided lung recruitment achieved a higher opening pressure, resulted in greater improvements in lung aeration, and substantially reduced lung heterogeneity in @entity649 .

title: Use of Lung Ultrasound to Assess the Efficacy of an Alveolar Recruitment Maneuver in @entity95 With Acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar recruitment']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['Respiratory Distress Syndrome']


abstract: Defects in the DNA mismatch repair proteins result in @entity124 and @entity5 in @entity14 ( @entity14 ). However, the role of mismatch repair (MMR) proteins and @entity124 ( @entity124 ) in transitional cell @entity150 is less clear. In our study, the expression of 2 MMR proteins and the frequency of @entity150 ( @entity8214 ) were investigated. One hundred eleven @entity1 with @entity8214 of the bladder were studied, with complete clinicopathological data (median follow up of 5 years, range 5-16 years). Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression levels of @entity6756 and @entity4311 . Microsatellite analysis for 14 loci (10 loci from the Bethesda consensus panel and the repeats in the TGFbetaR2, @entity589 , @entity23151 and @entity4638 genes) was performed on 84 @entity5 . Reduced expression of either MMR protein was seen in 26 of 111 @entity5 (23%). Reduced expression was seen more commonly in muscle invasive (p<0.03) and high grade @entity8214 (p<0.03) than in superficial, low grade @entity5 . By 5 years, reduced expression of either MMR protein was associated with fewer recurrences of superficial @entity5 (p=0.015) and fewer relapses in all @entity5 (p=0.03), compared to @entity5 with normal expression. Nine @entity5 had reduced expression of both MMR proteins, analysis which suggests a synergistic reduction in expression (p=0.001). MMR expression was related to @entity1 age, younger @entity1 being more likely to have reduced MMR expression than older @entity1 (p<0.01). @entity124 was seen at multiple loci in 1 @entity5 (1%) and at a single locus in 6 @entity5 (7%). @entity124 was not associated with MMR expression. Our findings indicate that reduced expression of the MMR proteins may have an important contribution in the development of a subset of TCCs and suggest a potential role for MMR expression as prognostic indicators.

title: Differential expression of @entity6756 and XXXX is related to @entity150 grade, stage and prognosis but not @entity124 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['MSI', 'microsatellite instability']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['MSI in Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder', 'carcinoma of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary non-polyposis colorectal carcinoma', 'HNPCC']

answer: @entity4311 :: (4436,Gene) :: ['hMSH2']


abstract: We evaluated @entity7988 , a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), as an antinociceptive supplement to chloral @entity19695 anesthesia in @entity19 . Effects of @entity7988 on main olfactory bulb (MOB) neuronal spontaneous activity were investigated using extracellular recordings in @entity19 in vivo. These effects were compared with those of another nociceptive supplement, the mu-opioid agonist @entity4783 . @entity7988 (100 or 200 mg/kg) did not significantly alter MOB single-unit spontaneous rates in either ICR or C57BL/6J @entity19 . In contrast, @entity4783 , at doses of 0.02, 0.05, and 0.20 mg/kg, inhibited MOB neuronal spontaneous rates by 19%, 49%, and 57%, respectively. Neither drug altered the temporal patterning of single-unit spike trains, as measured by the interspike interval (ISI) coefficient of variation (CV). We also investigated the ability of @entity7988 and @entity4783 to induce antinociception in the anesthetized @entity19 . The electroencephalogram (EEG) was used to measure the anesthetic plane. Both @entity7988 and @entity4783 altered the EEG trace and @entity7988 altered the power spectrum in a manner consistent with deepening anesthesia. Lastly, when applied at the time of anesthesia induction, @entity7988 decreased the amount of chloral @entity19695 necessary to maintain a defined anesthetic plane during the rest of the experiment. These results suggest that @entity7988 induces antinociception under chloral @entity19695 anesthesia without significantly inhibiting spontaneous activity of MOB neurons. @entity7988 is therefore suitable as an antinociceptive supplement to chloral @entity19695 anesthesia during in vivo electrophysiologic recordings of the @entity19 MOB.

title: The effects of analgesic supplements on neural activity in the main olfactory bulb of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7988 :: ('MESH:D007660', 'Chemical') :: ['Ketoprofen', 'ketoprofen']

entities_list: @entity4783 :: ('MESH:D002047', 'Chemical') :: ['buprenorphine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The @entity3668 regulates the stability of microtubules within neurons in the central nervous system. In turn, microtubules are responsible for the remodeling of the cytoskeleton that ultimately leads to the formation or pruning of new connections among neurons. As a consequence, dysfunction of tau is associated with many forms of @entity303 as well as @entity195 . In the brain, tau activity is regulated by its phosphorylation state. Phosphorylation is a post-translational modification of proteins that adds a @entity4613 group to the side chain of an @entity3689 . Phosphorylation at key locations in the tau sequence leads to a higher or lower affinity for microtubules. In @entity195 , tau is present in an abnormal phosphorylation state. However, studying the effect of phosphorylation experimentally has been extremely challenging as there is no viable way of exactly selecting the location and the number of phosphorylated sites. For this reason, researchers have turned to pseudophosphorylation. In this technique, actual phosphorylation is mimicked by mutating the selected @entity3689 into @entity3264 or @entity5906 . Whether this methodology is equivalent to actual phosphorylation is still open to debate. In this study, we will show that phosphorylation and pseudophosphorylation are not exactly equivalent. Although for larger aggregates the two techniques lead to similar structures, the kinetics of the process may be altered. In addition, very little is known about the impact that this may have on the early stages of aggregation, such as nucleation and conformational rearrangement. In this study, we show that the two methods may produce a similar ensemble of conformations, even though the kinetic and chemical details that lead to it are quite different.

title: Impact of Phosphorylation and Pseudophosphorylation on the Early Stages of Aggregation of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3668 :: ('4137', 'Gene') :: ['microtubule-associated protein tau']

answer: @entity3668 :: (4137,Gene) :: ['Microtubule-Associated Protein Tau']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Concomitant high tibial osteotomy (HTO) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a combined surgical procedure intended to improve kinematics and kinetics in the unstable ACL-deficient knee with @entity893 and medial compartment knee @entity571 ( @entity571 ). PURPOSE: To investigate 5-year changes in gait biomechanics as well as radiographic and @entity1 -reported outcomes bilaterally after unilateral, concomitant medial opening wedge HTO and ACL reconstruction. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: A total of 33 @entity1 (mean    SD age, 40    9 years) with @entity893 (mean mechanical axis angle, -5.9      2.9  ), medial compartment knee @entity571 , and @entity1347 completed 3-dimensional gait analysis preoperatively and 2 and 5 years postoperatively. Primary outcomes were the peak external knee adduction (first peak) and flexion moments. Secondary outcomes were the peak external knee extension and transverse plane moments, peak knee angles in all 3 planes, radiographic static knee alignment measures (mechanical axis angle and posterior tibial slope), and the @entity3331 and @entity571 Outcome Score (KOOS). RESULTS: There was a substantial decrease in the knee adduction moment in the surgical limb (%BW * @entity8108 , -1.49; 95% CI, -1.75 to -1.22) and a slight increase in the nonsurgical limb (%BW * @entity8108 , 0.16; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.30) from preoperatively to 5 years postoperatively. There was also a decrease in the knee flexion moment for both the surgical (%BW * @entity8108 , -0.67; 95% CI, -1.19 to -0.15) and nonsurgical limbs (%BW * @entity8108 , -1.06; 95% CI, -1.49 to -0.64). Secondary outcomes suggested that substantial improvements were maintained at 5 years, although smaller declines were observed in several measures and in both limbs from 2 to 5 years. CONCLUSION: Changes in the peak external moments about the knee in all 3 planes during walking were observed 5 years after concomitant medial opening wedge HTO and ACL reconstruction. These findings are consistent with an intended, sustained shift in the mediolateral distribution of knee loads. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These findings suggest that concomitant HTO and ACL reconstruction results in substantial changes in gait biomechanics. Future clinical research comparing treatment strategies is both warranted and required for this relatively uncommon but seemingly biomechanically efficacious procedure.

title: Five-Year Changes in Gait Biomechanics After Concomitant High Tibial Osteotomy and ACL Reconstruction in XXXX With Medial Knee Osteoarthritis.

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['ACL deficiency']

entities_list: @entity3331 :: ('MESH:D007718', 'Disease') :: ['Knee injury']

entities_list: @entity893 :: ('MESH:D017760', 'Disease') :: ['varus malalignment']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity102 with @entity480 (CRSwNP) is a multifactorial disease. The pathogenesis of CRSwNP remains unclear. This study was designed to investigate the role of @entity32 and @entity794 @entity31144 (SE) in this disease. The study included a total of 74 @entity1 with CRSwNP and 6 controls. A serum Phadiatop assay was conducted to detect atopy status, and serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and total immunoglobulin (Ig)E levels were determined using ELISA. SEA, @entity7698 , total IgE, ECP and @entity3335 ( @entity3335 ) levels in nasal tissue supernatant were measured using ELISA. The results indicated that 15 (22.1%) @entity1 had systemic @entity566 . On the basis of the ECP/ @entity3335 ratio, the @entity1 were divided into an eosinophilic CRSwNP group (n=18) and a non-eosinophilic CRSwNP group (n=56). The total ECP/ @entity3335 ratio was 0.572, with a notable bias toward @entity32 . The supernatant ECP and @entity3335 levels were elevated in the CRSwNP group compared with the control group, but no significant difference in the serum total IgE and ECP levels were observed between the CRSwNP and control groups. In addition, the non-eosinophilic and eosinophilic CRSwNP groups showed significant elevations in supernatant total IgE, SEA and @entity7698 levels compared with the control group. Thus, it may be concluded that @entity566 is a common pathogenesis of CRSwNP, and @entity32 is present in most Chinese CRSwNP @entity1 . Additionally, local indicators reflect the inflammatory status more accurately than do serum indicators. SEs may act as an infection factor rather than as a superantigen in Chinese non-eosinophilic CRSwNP @entity1 . Thus, long-term antibiotic therapy may be an option for Chinese non-eosinophilic CRSwNP @entity1 .

title: Different roles of @entity794 XXXX in different subtypes of @entity480 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'neutrophilic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['MPO', 'myeloperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'allergies']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic rhinosinusitis']

entities_list: @entity480 :: ('MESH:D009298', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyps']

answer: @entity31144 :: (13913640,Gene) :: ['enterotoxin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 is a clinical problem that affects 28   -   42% of @entity1 undergoing treatment with @entity900 . @entity8 can be minimized by high volume hydration with @entity2656 diuresis. Recent reports have shown that @entity900 induces depletion of Mg and that Mg supplementation can reduce @entity8 . We hypothesized that Mg infusion combined with low volume hydration may not be sufficient to overcome @entity900 -induced @entity8 . METHODS: In total, 85 @entity1 with @entity2 receiving their first cycle of @entity900 -based chemotherapy at the Osaka City University Hospital were classified into three groups: those administered high volume hydration without Mg infusion (high-volume Mg-), high volume hydration with Mg infusion (high-volume Mg+), and with low volume hydration with Mg infusion (low-volume Mg+). Serum @entity1011 (sCr) and @entity1011 clearance ( @entity35105 ) were examined before and after treatment with @entity900 . Multivariable analysis was carried out to identify the most important contributing factors. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in pre-treatment sCr levels or @entity35105 between groups. In the high-volume Mg- group, post-treatment sCr significantly increased compared with pre-treatment levels, while post- @entity35105 significantly decreased compared with pre-treatment @entity35105 (p   <   0.001 and p   <   0.001, respectively). In the high-volume Mg+ group, there was no significant difference between pre- and post-treatment levels of sCr, or between pre- and post-treatment @entity35105 (p   =   0.118 and p   =   0.254, respectively). In the low-volume Mg+ group, there was a trend towards increased sCr levels and decreased @entity35105 after treatment (p   =   0.068 and p   =   0.055, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that the absence of Mg infusion and low-volume hydration were both independent factors for decreased @entity35105 (p   <   0.001 and p   =   0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: High-volume hydration and Mg infusion reduces the @entity8 induced by @entity900 . A low-volume Mg+ regimen may be considered for @entity1 with adequate renal function. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Observational Study UMIN000013950; Registered 13 May 2014.

title: Magnesium supplementation and high volume hydration reduce the @entity8 caused by @entity900 -based chemotherapy in XXXX with @entity2 : a toxicity study.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal toxicity', 'renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']