abstract: RATIONALE: @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is associated with increased risk of @entity65 . Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) delivered via a nasal mask during sleep immediately alleviates obstructive @entity386 and improves sleep quality and daytime somnolence. However, there is uncertainty as to whether such treatment can modify CV risk and disease. AIMS: The Sleep @entity65 Endpoints (SAVE) study aims to determine whether CPAP on top of best medical care compared to best medical care alone can reduce the risk of serious CV events in @entity1 with co-morbid @entity27 and established @entity66 . DESIGN: SAVE is an investigator initiated and conducted, international, multicenter, open, blinded endpoint, randomized controlled trial. @entity1 were randomised to either CPAP or usual care between 2008 and 2013 and will be followed up for an average of approximately 4 years. STUDY OUTCOME: The primary endpoint is a composite of @entity204 , @entity583 ( @entity583 , including @entity583 ), @entity64 , hospitalisation for @entity712 , hospitalisation for an acute @entity63 @entity299 ( @entity1459 ) or cerebral event (transient @entity63 event [TIA]). DISCUSSION: The pre-specified statistical analysis plan (SAP) for the main analyses is presented. This SAP was finalised before @entity1 follow-up was completed and before any unblinding of the data. The SAP outlines details of the primary, secondary and tertiary outcomes, together with planned subgroup and exploratory analyses.

title: Statistical analysis plan for the Sleep XXXX Endpoints study: An international randomised controlled trial to determine whether continuous positive airways pressure treatment for @entity27 in @entity1 with @entity66 prevents secondary cardiovascular events.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['CV disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['Obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac event']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['silent MI', 'myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Apnea Cardiovascular', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Apnea cardioVascular']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2213 showed activity in 50 @entity3580 @entity1 treated within a Phase II study. In that study, 70% of @entity1 remained with @entity66 ( @entity66 ), median progression free survival (PFS) was 9 months and median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 34 months. We now report on a retrospective series of @entity6006 / @entity3820 positive advanced @entity3580 @entity1 treated with @entity2213 as a single agent within a compassionate-use programme at Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy (INT) between August 2002 and November 2010, when the programme was closed. METHODS: 48 @entity1 were consecutively treated with @entity2213 800 mg/d. All @entity1 had inoperable and progressive disease before starting @entity2213 . Demographics, treatment duration, @entity137 and response rate by Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 (RECIST) were retrospectively recorded. RESULTS: The median duration of therapy was 7 months (1-46.5). No @entity1 is on therapy at present. 46 @entity1 were evaluable for response. No partial responses were detected. Best response was: @entity66 34 (74%), @entity74 (26%). At a median follow-up of 24.5 months (0.5-117), median PFS was 9.9 months (95% confidence interval (CI) 6.7-13). Eight @entity1 (16.5%) remained on therapy >18 months and 10 @entity1 (21%) remained progression-free >18 months. Median @entity1349 was 30 months (95% CI 20-40), with 24 (50%) @entity1 dead at the time of the present analysis. CONCLUSIONS: We confirm the activity of @entity2213 in locally advanced and metastatic @entity3580 , in terms of >70% @entity5 growth arrest in previously progressive @entity1 . Median duration of response lasted almost 10 months, with >20% of @entity1 progression-free at 18+ months.

title: XXXX in advanced @entity3580 : A retrospective case series analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['SD', 'stable disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Solid Tumors', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease 12']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib', 'Imatinib']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity2213 :: (MESH:C097613,Chemical) :: ['Imatinib']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of the study was to present first preliminary characterization of Turkish hospital wastewaters, their environmental risk, and a method for @entity137 assessment. The hospital wastewater samples were collected from two of the largest medical faculty hospitals and a training and research hospital in Istanbul, @entity233 . The samples from the selected hospitals were taken as grab samples on March 2014. Overall, 55 substances including pharmaceuticals and their metabolites, pesticides, and corrosion inhibitors were analyzed in all hospital wastewaters. Analysis of @entity137 and the antibiotic resistance bacteria were investigated in addition to the chemical analysis in the wastewater of one hospital. Hazard quotients (HQs) and toxic units (TUs) were calculated as basis of the environmental risk assessment. Fourteen pharmaceuticals in hospital wastewater (HWW) were classified as "high risk" with HQ  >  10. HQHWW values higher than 100 were determined for five antibiotics and one analgesic, namely, @entity800 , @entity4581 , @entity2177 , @entity27009 , @entity206 , and @entity3522 . @entity800 with an HQHWW of 9090 was observed to be the most hazardous compound. HQ and TU values of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent dropped significantly due to dilution in the sewer. Further elimination by biological degradation or adsorption was observed only in some cases. However, the decreased HQWWTPeffluent values do not the change environmental load significantly. Therefore, advanced treatment processes should be applied to remove the persistent compounds. In combination with the results on antibiotic resistance, we would prefer on-site treatment of hospital wastewater. Toxicological assessment was performed using cytotoxic and mutagenic screening tests. The results of the Ames assay showed that the native hospital wastewaters had strongly mutagenic activity with a <= 10-fold increase relative to negative controls. The mutagenic potentials of the samples were generally concentration and metabolic activation dependent. Multiple antibiotic resistances were demonstrated with the tested isolates to @entity2177 , @entity206 , and @entity5505 . This study demonstrates that the hospital wastewaters in Istanbul exhibit strong environmental and toxicological risks, as well as high multiple drug resistance to commonly used antibiotics.

title: Characterization and XXXX of hospital wastewaters in @entity233 .

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['Ofloxacin', 'ofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

entities_list: @entity27009 :: ('MESH:D013427', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfapyridine']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Simultaneous transfer of multiple embryos in an assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycle results in a high rate of multiple pregnancy. Besides the medical complications associated with multiple pregnancy, the financial burden of the resultant preterm @entity1 is also substantial. The current review evaluates the costs associated with the care of preterm @entity1 that are born as a result of ART-associated @entity2099 . RECENT FINDINGS: In 2006, 30% of all ART live births were multiple @entity1 deliveries in the USA. This resulted in 48% of all ART neonates being the product of a multiple @entity1 delivery. In the same year, 62% of ART twins and 97% of ART triplets were delivered preterm, corresponding to approximately 17 000 @entity1 . The Board of Health Sciences Policy has estimated the mean cost of each preterm @entity1 to be US  51 600. Therefore, the financial burden of ART-associated preterm deliveries is estimated to be approximately US  1 billion annually. This figure has remained essentially unchanged between 2001 and 2006, despite decreasing number of embryos transferred, due to increasing total number of ART cycles performed. SUMMARY: Preterm deliveries that result from ART-associated @entity2099 add a substantial burden to overall US healthcare expenditure annually. Policies limiting the number of embryos transferred should be considered with a perspective to increase elective single embryo transfers.

title: Preterm deliveries that result from XXXX associated with assisted reproductive technologies in the USA: a cost analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity2099 :: ('MESH:D011254', 'Disease') :: ['multiple pregnancies']

answer: @entity2099 :: (MESH:D011254,Disease) :: ['multiple pregnancies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: About 17% of all @entity1 suffer from a @entity146 in early childhood, defined as the period up to the age of 6 years. METHODS: This review is based on publications retrieved by a selective search in PubMed and the Web of Science, as well as on the authors' clinical and scientific experience. RESULTS: In @entity1 up to age 2, @entity1957 are common (ca. 7%), as are feeding problems (25%), which persist in 2% of @entity1 to meet the diagnostic criteria for a feeding disorder. @entity10273 , a serious @entity1032 , has a prevalence of about 1%: it is more common among @entity1 in situations of increased risk, e.g., orphanages and foster homes. Preschool @entity1 can develop @entity148 and @entity308 , as well as @entity2915 and @entity146 (the latter two mainly in @entity1 ). Parent training and parent- @entity1 psychotherapy have been found to be effective treatments. There is no evidence that psychotropic drugs are effective in early childhood. CONCLUSION: The diagnostician should act cautiously when assigning psychopathological significance to symptoms arising in early childhood but should still be able to recognize @entity146 early from the way they are embedded in the @entity1 's interactive relationships with parents or significant others, and then to initiate the appropriate treatment. Psychotherapy in this age group is still in need of validation by efficacy studies and longitudinal studies of adequate quality.

title: XXXX in Early Childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'behavioral disorders', 'mental disorder']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['disorders of emotional and motor regulation']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity10273 :: ('MESH:D019962', 'Disease') :: ['Reactive attachment disorder']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['Mental Disorders']


abstract: Conventional chemotherapy is ineffective in the majority of @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ), and monoclonal antibodies recognising @entity1116 expressed on myeloid progenitors (e.g. @entity24098 (GO)) have been reported to improve outcome in @entity1 with @entity3052 . Reports of excess @entity137 have resulted in GO's licence being withdrawn. As a result, the role of these agents remains unclear. A systematic review and meta-analysis included studies of @entity1 with @entity3052 who had entered a randomised control trial (RCT), where one arm included anti- @entity1116 antibody therapy. Fixed effect meta-analysis was used, involving calculation of observed minus expected number of events, and variance for each endpoint in each trial, with the overall treatment effect expressed as Peto's odds ratio with 95  % confidence interval. Meta-analysis of 11 RCTs with 13 randomisations involving GO was undertaken. Although GO increased induction deaths (p   =   0.02), it led to a reduction in resistant disease (p   =   0.0009); hence, there was no improvement in complete remission. Whilst GO improved relapse-free survival (hazard ratio (HR)   =   0.90, 95  % confidence interval (CI)   =   0.84-0.98, p   =   0.01), there was no overall benefit of GO in @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) (HR   =   0.96, 95  % CI   =   0.90-1.02, p   =   0.2). GO improved @entity1349 in @entity1 with favourable cytogenetics, with no evidence of benefit in @entity1 with intermediate or adverse cytogenetics (test for heterogeneity between subtotals p   =   0.01). GO has a potent clinically detectable anti-leukaemic effect. Further trials to investigate its optimum delivery and identification of @entity1 populations who may benefit are needed.

title: Mylotarg has potent anti-leukaemic effect: a systematic review and meta-analysis of anti- XXXX antibody treatment in @entity3052 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity24098 :: ('MESH:C406061', 'Chemical') :: ['gemtuzumab  ozogamicin']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukaemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1116 :: (945,Gene) :: ['CD33']


abstract: Electrophoretic conditions to separate @entity3208 ( @entity214 )-protein complexes according to their relative molecular mass by capillary electrophoresis (CE) using linear @entity2975 as a sieving matrix were examined. Five purified proteins with relative molecular masses between 14 400 and 66 200 Da were separated on a coated fused- @entity3440 capillary with an internal diameter of 100 microm and an effective length of 24 cm (total length, 32.5 cm). @entity13266 was added to the solution of purified proteins as internal standard; @entity5643 was also added as reducing agent. The running buffer composition was 0.05 M @entity8973 (Tris), 0.035 M @entity2574 , 0.1% m/v @entity214 , 4% m/v @entity3323 , the resulting pH being 8.0. The applied voltage was 7 kV (reversed voltage polarity) in order to avoid high current intensities. Under optimized conditions, the five proteins were separated in less than 15 min, with a % relative standard deviation (RSD) between 0.2 and 0.4 for migration times in the same day. Good efficiency (values between 150 000 and 40 000 N/m) and resolution (values between 2 and 2.8) were obtained. The inverse of relative migration times was found to correlate with the logarithm of their relative molecular mass. Finally, cider proteins were analyzed and their relative molecular masses were determined. These results were compared with those obtained by @entity214 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis ( @entity214 -PAGE).

title: Size-based separations of proteins by capillary electrophoresis using linear XXXX as a sieving medium: model studies and analysis of cider proteins.

entities_list: @entity13266 :: ('MESH:D019817', 'Chemical') :: ['Benzoic acid']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity3323 :: ('MESH:D020106', 'Chemical') :: ['acrylamide']

entities_list: @entity8973 :: ('MESH:D014325', 'Chemical') :: ['tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity5643 :: ('CHEBI:41218', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-mercaptoethanol']

entities_list: @entity2574 :: ('CHEBI:22660', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartic acid']

answer: @entity2975 :: (CHEBI:51135,Chemical) :: ['polyacrylamide']


abstract: @entity1887 in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been associated with the aetiology of negative symptoms and @entity73 of @entity161 , which are both alleviated by @entity1088 and other atypical antipsychotics such as @entity1037 . In rodents, early life exposure to stressful experiences such as social isolation produces a spectrum of symptoms emerging in adult life, which can be restored by antipsychotic drugs. The present series of experiments sought to investigate the effect of @entity1088 (5-10 mg/kg s.c.), @entity1037 (5 mg/kg s.c.), and @entity1767 (0.5 mg/kg s.c.) on @entity935 (DA) and @entity1522 in the prelimbic/infralimbic subregion of the mPFC in group- and isolation-reared @entity35 . @entity35 reared in isolation showed significant and robust deficits in prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle. In group-reared animals, both @entity1088 and @entity1037 produced a significant increase in DA outflow in the mPFC. Isolation-reared @entity35 showed a significant increase in responsiveness to both atypical antipsychotics compared with group-reared animals. In contrast, the administration of @entity1767 failed to modify dialysate DA levels in mPFC in either group- or isolation-reared animals. The results also show a positive relationship between the potency of the tested antipsychotics to increase the release of DA in the mPFC and their respective affinities for 5-HT1A relative to DA D2 or D3 receptors. Finally, isolation-reared @entity35 showed enhanced neurochemical responses to the highest dose of @entity1088 as indexed by @entity493 , @entity492 , @entity1246 , @entity1160 , @entity2227 , @entity3793 , and @entity669 . The increased DA responsiveness to the atypical antipsychotic drugs @entity1088 and @entity1037 may explain, at least in part, @entity1088 - and @entity1037 -induced reversal of some of the major @entity146 , namely @entity2915 and @entity71 .

title: Increased responsiveness of XXXX to atypical, but not typical antipsychotics in the medial prefrontal cortex of @entity35 reared in isolation.

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral components of the social isolation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['Dopaminergic hypofunction']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention deficit']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: The present study examined whether (1) the cough associated with @entity1289 inhibitor therapy is attenuated by oral intake of @entity68 and anti-oxidants, and (2) @entity842 (NO) has any role in this attenuation. Of the 100 @entity1 under investigation, cough occurred in 28 of them with preponderance in females. All the 28 @entity1 were followed up for six weeks: the first two weeks were the observation period and the remaining four weeks the experimentation period. After the observation period, 11 @entity1 received a single oral dose of @entity20150 (200 mg), eight received @entity270 (200 mg, o.d.) and @entity620 (150 mg, o.d.) and nine were given placebo during the experimentation period. Cough scoring, serum NO and @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) levels were determined during both the periods. While there were significant decreases in cough scores, NO and @entity1865 levels between these two periods in the @entity68 group, cough scores and @entity1865 level decreased significantly in the anti-oxidant group. None of these parameters changed in the control group. NO level was found to be increased significantly in @entity1 who developed cough (n = 28) compared with those who did not cough (n = 72). These results suggest that @entity68 supplementation suppresses cough in @entity1 on ACE-I therapy through its effect on NO generation.

title: Attenuation of @entity1289 inhibitor induced cough by @entity68 supplementation: role of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity20150 :: ('MESH:C020748', 'Chemical') :: ['ferrous sulphate']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 3535 Background: In the era of personalized @entity5 treatment, @entity1 selection to enrich for specific targets is key to improve treatment outcome. Given the genomic instability of @entity5 in time we addressed whether analysis of the @entity5 or the @entity3 is most suitable for @entity1 selection for targeted treatment. METHODS: With next generation (SOLiD 3+ system, Life Technologies) and targeted sequencing (DNA capture-arrays, Agilent) we have analyzed the genetic environment of a @entity5 mini-genome-the exons of 1,265 @entity5 -associated genes- of the @entity5 and its sequential liver @entity3 in 21 @entity14 ( @entity14 ) @entity1 (pts). Using laser microdissection >80% @entity5 cell-enriched DNA was isolated from in total 47 samples, including healthy tissue of 5 pts. Sequence data was aligned and mapped against the @entity1 reference genome (GRCh37/hg19) using BWA. To limit the influence of SNV (Single Nucleotide Variation) caller artifacts we applied 3 different published methods (our PERL script, VarScan and GATK toolkit) and considered the overlapping variants as reliable. To predict the possible impact of identified SNV's on protein function polymorphism phenotyping version2 was used. RESULTS: All 47 samples were successfully sequenced (median coverage=87x, range: 52-217). In total 6,696 known (84%) and 1,305 novel (16%) SNV's were identified. These included 1,460 non-synonymous and 29 gained/lost stop-codons, potentially altering protein function. On average 83 potentially relevant SNV's were gained in the @entity3 and 70 SNVs present in the @entity5 were lost. Interestingly, these genetic variations affected several essential pathways. This demonstrated that @entity5 evolution caused losses and gains of critical genes in time. In this sample set genetic selection pressure concerning the amount of gained/ lost SNV's on the @entity3 due to chemotherapy could not be shown. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that @entity3 significantly differs from its primary origin in @entity14 pts. This suggests that for the selection of the appropriate @entity1 population for targeted therapy the @entity3 better reflects the @entity66 status.

title: Primary @entity14 and their XXXX are genetically not the same: Implications for choice of targeted treatment?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['actual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To correlate the density of swellings in intraepidermal nerve fibers (IENF) with the longitudinal measurement of the epidermal innervation density in @entity1 with @entity21115 and to assess the predictive value of IENF swelling to progression of @entity16 . METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 with persistent @entity158 in the feet underwent neurologic examination, nerve conduction studies, quantitative sensory examination, and skin biopsies at proximal thigh and distal leg. In all @entity1 and in 15 healthy subjects, IENF density and swelling ratio (no. swellings/no. IENF) were quantified at distal leg. Follow-up study, including IENF density and swelling ratio quantification, was performed a mean of 19.2 months later. Double staining confocal microscope studies using anti-human protein-gene-product 9.5, anti-tubule, anti-neurofilament, and anti- @entity5473 antibodies were performed to assess specific accumulation within swellings. Ultrastructural investigation of IENF was also carried out. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity16 had lower density of IENF and higher swelling ratio than healthy subjects (p < 0.01) at distal leg. At follow-up, @entity1 showed a parallel decrease in both IENF density (p = 0.02) and swelling ratio (p = 0.002). However, swelling ratio remained higher (p = 0.03) than in controls. @entity16 was confirmed by the @entity1547 sensory nerve action potential amplitude. Double immunostaining studies suggest accumulation of tubules and ubiquitin-associated proteins within swellings. Swollen and vacuolated IENF were identified in @entity1 with @entity16 by conventional and immuno-electron microscopy. CONCLUSIONS: Increased swelling ratio predicted the decrease in IENF density in @entity1 with @entity21115 . Its quantification could support earlier diagnosis of sensory axonopathy.

title: Axonal swellings predict the degeneration of epidermal nerve fibers in painful XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Progression of neuropathy', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['decay in sural nerve']

entities_list: @entity21115 :: ('MESH:C564945', 'Disease') :: ['painful neuropathy']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['neuropathies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As a result of the improvement of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of @entity712 @entity1 , the @entity712 regimen is becoming more complicated, especially for elderly @entity1 with co-morbid diseases. Non-adherence to this regimen is a problem in many @entity712 @entity1 , leading to worsening symptoms, rehospitalization and decreased quality of life. AIM: This paper gives an overview of literature on adherence to pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment in elderly @entity712 @entity1 . The paper addresses the definition of adherence and the extent and significance of the problem of non-adherence in elderly @entity712 @entity1 . Factors contributing to non-adherence, focused on the elderly are outlined and finally interventions to improve adherence in this elderly @entity712 @entity1 group are described. CONCLUSION: Non-adherence to medication and lifestyle recommendations is a major problem in elderly @entity712 @entity1 . Five dimensions that affect adherence are described consisting of social and economic factors, factors related to the health care system, to the condition of the @entity1 , the therapy and factors related to the @entity1 . Since non-adherences is a multidimensional problem, interventions need to be directed to all factors that are related to adherence in elderly @entity712 @entity1 . A multidisciplinary approach in a @entity712 team is crucial to improve adherence in this vulnerable @entity1 group. Effectiveness of interventions to improve adherence in elderly @entity712 @entity1 needs to be further tested.

title: Adherence in XXXX in the elderly: problem and possible solutions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: @entity31016 ( @entity15437 ) is a @entity519 -specific PET tracer. In future clinical applications of @entity519 imaging, such as early response monitoring or radiation therapy dose painting, accurate quantification of tracer uptake at the voxel level will be required. The aim of the present study was to assess the validity of parametric methods for the quantification of @entity8984 -FAZA studies. METHODS: Dynamic 70-min @entity15437 scans were obtained from 9 @entity1149 @entity1 . Arterial blood samples, collected at 7 time points, were used for preprocessing an image-derived input function derived from volumes of interest (VOIs) defined within the ascending aorta. Time-activity curves derived from various @entity5 VOIs were fitted using nonlinear regression analysis (NLR) to a reversible 2-tissue-compartment model, providing volumes of distribution (VT) as an outcome measure. Next, parametric images were generated by use of both Logan graphic analysis with various linear regression start times and spectral analysis with multiple sets of basis functions. The previously defined @entity5 VOIs were projected onto these parametric images, and the resulting VT were compared with those obtained from NLR. In addition, the results were compared with @entity5 (SUVr), which are more easily obtainable. RESULTS: The highest correlations and correspondence with NLR-derived VT were found for Logan graphic analysis with a start time of 30 min after injection (R(2), 0.88; intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC], 0.93) and for spectral analysis-derived VT with a set of 30 basis functions with exponents ranging from 0.0175 to 1.9 (R(2), 0.79; ICC, 0.81). SUVr yielded similar correlations but showed significant bias at high VT (R(2), 0.85; ICC, 0.80). CONCLUSION: Both Logan graphic analysis and spectral analysis yielded VT that showed high correlations with nonlinear regression analysis-derived VT. SUVr showed bias at high VT.

title: Parametric Methods for Quantification of XXXX Kinetics in @entity1149 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity31016 :: ('MESH:C498052', 'Chemical') :: ['(18)F-fluoroazomycinarabinoside']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumor-to-blood ratios']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity15437 :: (MESH:C498052|MESH:C549903,Chemical) :: ['18F-FAZA']


abstract: @entity1 papillomaviruses (HPV) are the causative agents of most cervical @entity189 . A complete understanding of the HPV types that cause @entity2622 is needed as vaccines are designed. Fresh tissues are not always available for such studies. We therefore sought to determine the feasibility of HPV studies using @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded sections of 56 cervical @entity189 , correlating typing information with the pathology and physical state of the HPV sequences within cells. Sections from each specimen were used to extract and purify DNA. Specific HPV types were identified using a PCR/reverse blot strip assay. Tyramide signal-amplified, fluorescent DNA in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to localize HPV within cells. @entity1 @entity5358 sequences were amplified in DNA from all specimens. HPV sequences from oncogenic types were identified in 52 of 56 (92.9%) by PCR/reverse blot strip assay, and in one additional case using an @entity1799 multiplex PCR assay. @entity1799 was the most commonly detected type, present in most cases as a solitary isolate. Thirty- five of 42 @entity1799 or HPV 18 PCR-positive specimens were also positive in the FISH assay, in most cases in a pattern consistent with viral integration. We conclude that HPV typing from @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded sections of cervical @entity189 is possible, with a sensitivity that is similar to that found in studies using fresh tissue.

title: Detection of specific human papillomavirus types in XXXX -embedded sections of cervical @entity189 .

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity982 :: (MESH:D010232,Chemical) :: ['paraffin']


abstract: Object The authors' institution previously reported a 69% rate of crude local control for surgical management of lateral ventricle @entity3 at the University of Texas @entity601 Anderson @entity5 Center. For comparison, the authors here report their institutional experience with use of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) to treat intraventricular @entity3 . Methods To identify @entity1 with intraventricular @entity3 for this retrospective review, the authors queried an institutional SRS database containing the medical records of 1962 @entity1 with 5800 brain @entity3 who consecutively underwent SRS from June 2009 through October 2013. End points assessed were local control (crude and locoregional), distant failure-free survival, progression-free survival, and overall survival. Results Of the 1962 records examined, those for 25 (1.3%) @entity1 with 30 (0.52%) intraventricular @entity3 were identified. Median @entity1 age at SRS was 55.8 years. The most common @entity5 was @entity1358 (n = 13), followed by @entity320 (n = 7) and @entity0 (n = 5). Median @entity5 volume was 0.75 cm(3) (range 0.01-5.6 cm(3)). Most lesions were located in the lateral ventricles (n = 25, 83.3%) and were treated to a median dose of 20 Gy (range 14-20 Gy). A total of 12 (48%) @entity1 received whole-brain radiation therapy, most (n = 10) before SRS. With a median follow-up of 11.4 months (range 1.6-39.2 months), the rate of crude local control was 93.3%, and the rates of 6-month and 1-year actuarial locoregional control were 85.2% and 56.2%, respectively. The median overall survival time after SRS was 11.6 months (range 1.3-38.9 months), and the 6-month and 1-year actuarial rates were 87.1% and 46.7%, respectively. Disease dissemination developed in 7 (28%) @entity1 as a second intraventricular metastatic lesion (n = 3, 12%), @entity66 (n = 3, 12%), or both (n = 1, 4%). Radiographic changes developed in 5 (20%) @entity1 and included @entity39 (n = 2, 8%) and @entity548 (n = 3, 12%). A primary diagnosis of @entity1358 was associated with an improved rate of distant failure-free survival (p = 0.05) and progression-free survival (p = 0.08). Conclusions SRS provides excellent local control for intraventricular @entity3 , with acceptable treatment-related @entity137 , thereby supporting nonsurgical treatment for these lesions. The propensity for intraventricular dissemination among intraventricular @entity3 seems to be histologically dependent.

title: Stereotactic radiosurgery for intraventricular brain XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['leptomeningeal disease']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary malignancy', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment with @entity2213 (IM) (a @entity669 kinase inhibitor) is the first line of standard care for @entity1 newly diagnosed with @entity1860 . Despite the success of IM and other @entity669 kinase inhibitors (TKIs), @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) remains largely incurable, and a number of @entity1860 @entity1 die due to @entity1861 mutation-related drug resistance and @entity9638 . 3, 5-Dihydroxy-6, 7, 3'4'-tetramethoxyflavone (DHTMF) is a polymethoxyflavone isolated from Laggera pterodonta which is a herbal medicine used to treat @entity5 in the Chinese folk. In the previous study, we found DHTMF demonstrated good antiproliferative activities against a number of @entity5 cell lines and induced the apoptosis of CNE cells in vitro in a time- and dose-dependent manner while exhibiting low @entity137 in the two normal cell lines Vero and EVC304. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induced by DHTMF alone and in combination with IM in the IM-resistant @entity1860 cell line K562R. METHODS: Cell proliferation was assayed with the cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) method. The apoptosis percentage was determined by flow cytometry (FCM). Mitochondrial transmembrane potential was detected using FCM and confocal laser-scanning microscopy. The level of proteins involved in apoptosis was detected by Western blotting. RESULTS: DHTMF suppressed K562R cell viability in both time- and dose-dependent manners. DHTMF combined with IM enhanced the inhibitory effects and apoptosis in K562R cells as compared with DHTMF alone. DHTMF alone and in combination with IM significantly decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and increased the levels of cleaved @entity8187 , @entity14544 , @entity522 , and @entity12982 in K562R cells. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that DHTMF could inhibit IM-resistant K562R cell proliferation and induces apoptosis via the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. These results suggest that DHTMF may be a potential therapeutic drug with lower side effects against IM resistance in @entity1860 cells.

title: A polymethoxyflavone from Laggera pterodonta induces apoptosis in XXXX -resistant K562R cells via activation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity9638 :: ('MESH:D001752', 'Disease') :: ['blast crisis']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib mesylate']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity2213 :: (MESH:C097613,Chemical) :: ['imatinib']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 admitted to PICUs often present with or develop @entity1576 that requires mechanical ventilation. We prospectively identified @entity1 admitted to three general PICUs, with the goal of identifying risk factors for mortality. DESIGN: Prospective multicenter observational study. SETTING: Three general PICUs, two in S  o Paulo and one in Curitiba, Brazil. @entity1 : @entity1 aged between 1 month and 15 years, consecutively admitted between August 2008 and July 2010, with @entity647 or acute @entity649 that developed at least 12 hours after invasive or noninvasive mechanical ventilation. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We used logistic regression models to explore the relationship between @entity204 and independent variables. Of 3,046 @entity1 admitted to the three PICUs, 1,658 @entity1 underwent mechanical ventilation, and 84 fulfilled the @entity647 /acute @entity649 inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Nearly 60% were @entity1 , and the median age was 31 months. Pressure control/assist control was the initial mode of mechanical ventilation in 86% of cases, and the median durations of mechanical ventilation and PICU stay were 12 and 15 days, respectively. None of the eight @entity1 with @entity647 died, whereas 33 of 76 of the remaining @entity1 with acute @entity649 died, for an overall mortality rate of 39.3% (95% CI, 28.8-50.6%). In different multivariate logistic regression model, the number of organ dysfunctions at admission, peak inspiratory pressure, airway pressure gradient on day 1, and the mean airway pressure gradient over the first 7 days of mechanical ventilation were significantly associated with mortality. CONCLUSION: Mortality is high in pediatric @entity647 /acute @entity649 . Mechanical ventilation-associated risk factors for @entity204 among such @entity1 are potential targets for intervention.

title: Risk Factors for Mortality and Outcomes in Pediatric XXXX /Acute @entity649 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'PATIENTS', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity647 :: (MESH:D055371,Disease) :: ['Acute Lung Injury']


abstract: AIMS: This article compares the severity of illness scoring systems clinical risk index for babies (CRIB)-II and score for neonatal acute physiology with perinatal extension (SNAPPE)-II for discriminatory ability and goodness of fit in the same cohort of babies of less than 32 weeks gestation and aims to provide validation in the Australian population. METHODS: CRIB-II and SNAPPE-II scores were collected on the same cohort of preterm @entity1 born within a 2-year period, 2003 and 2004. The discriminatory ability of each score was assessed by the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve, and goodness of fit was assessed by the Hosmer-Lemeshow (HL) test. The outcome measure was in-hospital mortality. A multivariate logistic regression model was tested for perinatal variables that might add to the risk of in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: Data for both scores were available for 1607 @entity1 . Both scores had good discriminatory ability (CRIB-II area under the curve 0.913, @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ) 0.014; SNAPPE-II area under the curve 0.907, @entity2246 0.012) and adequate goodness of fit (HL   (2)    =   11.384, 8 degrees of freedom, P   =   0.183 for CRIB-II; HL   (2)    =   4.319, 7 degrees of freedom, P   =   0.742 for SNAPPE-II). The multivariate model did not reveal other significant variables. CONCLUSIONS: Both severity of illness scores are ascertained during the first 12   h of life and perform similarly. Both can facilitate risk-adjusted comparisons of mortality and quality of care after the first post-natal 12   h. CRIB-II scores have the advantage of being simpler to collect and calculate.

title: Comparing CRIB-II and SNAPPE-II as mortality predictors for very preterm XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['SE', 'standard error']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: @entity674 ( @entity674 ) are a group of @entity5 arising from mesenchymal stem cells of the gastrointestinal tract. The prognosis of metastatic or recurrent @entity674 is poor, because these @entity5 resist chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We report a @entity1 with recurrent @entity677 who underwent molecularly targeted therapy with @entity2213 , a novel oral @entity669 kinase inhibitor. A 50-year-old @entity1 presented with a huge intra-abdominal mass. The @entity1 had a history of gastrectomy for @entity677 and hepatectomy for its metastases. She also underwent surgery for resection of peritoneal metastases 9 months before. The abdominal mass was 26 x 17 x 12 cm in size, as determined by magnetic resonance imaging, and was diagnosed as a peritoneal relapse of @entity677 . Treatment with 400 mg of @entity2213 daily was started. After 1 week of treatment with @entity2213 , reduction of the @entity5 began to be recognized on palpation. Computed tomographic scanning on day 28 revealed that the @entity5 had liquefactively regressed and had reduced in size by 66%. The major side effect was leg @entity4 , which was easily manageable with @entity1483 . The @entity1 has been receiving @entity2213 treatment in our outpatient clinic, and the @entity5 regression has continued for 9 months. @entity2213 shows promise as a safe and effective drug for the treatment of @entity1 with recurrent @entity674 .

title: A successful case of oral molecularly targeted therapy with @entity2213 for peritoneal metastasis of a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'abdominal tumor', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GISTs', 'Gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib', 'Imatinib']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term survival in lung transplant is limited by @entity4154 ( @entity4154 ). We compared outcomes in pediatric living donor bilateral lobar (LL) vs @entity358 ( @entity358 ). METHODS: @entity1 were studied who had LL or @entity358 with at least 1 year follow-up. Data collected included acute rejection episodes, pulmonary function tests (PFT), @entity4154 , and survival. Mean age was 13.36+/-3.16 years in LL and 12.00+/-4.19 years in @entity358 @entity1 (p = 0.37, ns). RESULTS: There was no difference in rejection (p = 0.41, ns). @entity358 had rejection earlier (2.48+/-3.84 months) than LL (13.60+/-10.74 months; p = 0.02). There was no difference in 12 month PFT. But at 24 months, LL had greater forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) (p = 0.001) and FEF25-71% (p = 0.01) than @entity358 . @entity4154 was found in 0/14 LL vs 9/11 (82%) @entity358 after 1 year (p = 0.04). After 2 years, 0/8 LL and 6/7 (86%) @entity358 had @entity4154 (p < 0.05). LL had 85% survival vs 79% for @entity358 at 12 months. At 24 months, LL survival was 77% vs 67% for @entity358 . CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric LL had less @entity4154 and better pulmonary function than @entity358 . As @entity4154 is a determinant of long-term outcome, we believe LL is the preferred lung transplant method for @entity1 .

title: Comparison of outcomes between living donor and cadaveric lung transplantation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity4154 :: ('MESH:D001989', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis obliterans', 'BOS']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['CL', 'cadaveric lung transplant']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1790 is a common worldwide problem both in @entity1 and adults. @entity2756 as a widely used antibiotic can contribute to the formation of @entity1290 and @entity5200 . OBJECTIVES: To find the effect of @entity2756 , a widely used antibiotic, on urinary @entity460 excretion rate in @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: 84 @entity1 and @entity1 over 3 months admitted to hospital for non-renal problems. They were all previously healthy @entity1 affected with a condition mandating hospitalisation. They were randomly divided into 2 groups; those who received @entity2756 according to their physician decision as the case group and those who did not receive antibiotics as the control group. The @entity1 urinary @entity460 excretion was determined as @entity460 to @entity1011 ratio in a random urine sample in the first and third day of their admission. All data was expressed by mean    SD and analysed by t independent and chi-square tests by SPSS 16. P P value less than 0.05 was significant. RESULTS: Eighty-four cases were analysed. @entity460 excretion in received and non-received @entity2756 groups was 0.13    0.06 and 0.14    0.02 respectively at first day of admission ( P = 0.1). After 3 days, the urine @entity460 to @entity1011 ratio increased to 0.27    0.2 and 0.26    0.08 in received and non- received @entity2756 groups ( P = 0.8). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 , urinary @entity460 excretion increases 2 times in average in a short time after admission because of @entity1902 , and @entity2756 is not different to other antibiotics for increase urinary @entity460 excretion in 3 days after admission.

title: XXXX following @entity2756 a fact or myth.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['Ceftriaxone', 'ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal stones']

entities_list: @entity1790 :: ('MESH:D053040', 'Disease') :: ['Nephrolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity5200 :: ('MESH:D053565', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalciuria']

answer: @entity5200 :: (MESH:D053565,Disease) :: ['Hypercalciuria']


abstract: The interplay between @entity1919 ( @entity268 )-dependent protein kinase A (PKA)- and @entity11517 -mediated signaling pathways is expected to determine further loss, maintenance, or modulation of differentiation and proliferation of a particular cell. Therefore, the relationship and nature of the cross-talk between these two major signaling systems are of utmost importance to the understanding of these processes in both normal and neoplastic cells. In view of their paramount physiological importance, one would expect the existence of a well-controlled bidirectional interaction between these pathways, which would be more appropriate and in agreement with basic principles of cellular homeostasis. However, based on the discovery that activated PKA may inhibit ras-mediated translocation of @entity11956 to the plasma membrane, it is generally accepted that the cross-talk between @entity268 /PKA and @entity11517 -mediated signal transduction pathways is unilateral, i.e., that the activation of PKA regulates growth factor receptor protein @entity669 kinase-mediated signaling. To challenge the validity of a unilateral approach, we decided to test the possible existence of cross-talk of a bidirectional nature between the aforementioned signaling pathways at different stages of malignant differentiation. For that purpose, we investigated the nature of the cross-talk existing between a known receptor protein @entity669 kinase- @entity6354 receptor ( @entity12841 ) and PKA in highly metastatic and nonmetastatic cloned variants of a @entity19 @entity1492 (T-10). Our study revealed the existence of principal differences in PKA activity between metastatic and nonmetastatic cloned @entity1492 variants that may be due to the differential expression and membrane translocation of the @entity5207 ( @entity11518 ) small mass G-protein. Most importantly, our experiments have demonstrated the existence of a novel character of interactions between @entity12841 and PKA, because the ligation of the @entity12841 by @entity6354 in the metastatic variant induced a high activity of PKA. These findings are of prime importance, because they reveal the existence of a new relationship between two major signal transduction pathways in @entity1 cells, i.e., the existence of a bilateral interaction between the ras- and @entity268 /PKA-mediated signal transduction pathways. Furthermore, the fact that two @entity5 cell variants originating in the same @entity5 and differing in their metastatic capacity differ as well in the nature of the cross-talk between major signal generation systems imposes new challenges for the future use of biological response modulators to cure @entity5 and restrict metastatic spread.

title: XXXX regulates protein kinase A activity in @entity19 @entity1492 cells: differences between metastatic and nonmetastatic @entity5 cell variants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity6354 :: ('13645(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity6354 :: (13645(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Epidermal growth factor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 29 Background: The current standard of care for @entity5 for @entity1 who can withstand aggressive therapy is chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery (tri-modality therapy). This is the largest study of its kind to date. METHODS: Using the National @entity5 Database (NCDB) 46,758 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity5 between 2000 and 2009 were identified. The NCDB database includes data from 70% of @entity5 @entity1 in the US. RESULTS: In @entity5 private insurance holders received more tri-modality therapy (39%) than @entity22066 insurance (18%), Medicaid (22%), Medicare (18%), and the uninsured (19%) (p<0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference in the amount of tri-modality therapy received in @entity1 with @entity22066 , Medicare, or no insurance. Medicaid @entity1 received more tri-modality therapy than Medicare, uninsured, and @entity22066 @entity1 (p<0.05). @entity22066 and uninsured @entity1 received no treatment more frequently (13%) than those with private insurance (5%), Medicare (10%), and Medicaid (9%) (p<0.0003). @entity1 over 70 less frequently underwent tri-modality therapy (13%) as compared to those under 70 (34%, p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity22066 , Medicare, and the uninsured @entity1 received similar rates of tri-modality therapy (18-19%), it was much less than private insurance holders (39%). Medicaid @entity1 received less tri-modality therapy than private insurance holders despite similar ages. Uninsured @entity1 received a similar amount of tri-modality therapy as those with @entity22066 and Medicare. [Table: see text].

title: Surgery and chemoradiotherapy in XXXX : A retrospective analysis of first-course treatment across different insurances using the NCDB.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage II/III esophageal carcinoma', 'cancer', 'stage II/III esophageal cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage II and III esophageal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Immune-driven @entity2194 primarily affects @entity1 ; the cause for this sex-specific prevalence is unknown. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) have distinct phenotypes that @entity32 but also regulate lymphocytes and are the rate-limiting cell for generating anti-inflammatory @entity20447 ( @entity20447 ). @entity172 regulates the @entity20447 circuit to induce delayed female-specific wound healing in the @entity267 . However, the role of PMNs in @entity2194 remains unexplored. We discovered an @entity20447 -producing tissue PMN population in the corneal limbus, lacrimal glands, and cervical lymph nodes of healthy male and female @entity19 . These tissue PMNs, unlike inflammatory PMNs, expressed a highly amplified @entity20447 circuit and were sex-specifically regulated during immune-driven @entity2194 . Desiccating stress in females, unlike in males, triggered a remarkable decrease in lymph node PMN and @entity20447 formation that remained @entity308 during @entity2194 . @entity308 and @entity20447 in females correlated with an increase in effector T cells ( @entity1198 and Th17), a decrease in regulatory T cells (Treg), and increased @entity936 pathogenesis. Ab depletion of tissue PMN abrogated @entity20447 formation in lymph nodes, as well as caused a marked increase in @entity1198 and Th17 cells and a decrease in Tregs. To establish an immune-regulatory role for PMN-derived @entity20447 in @entity936 , females were treated with @entity20447 . @entity20447 treatment markedly inhibited @entity1198 and Th17 and amplified Treg in draining lymph nodes, while reducing @entity936 pathogenesis. These results identify female-specific regulation of @entity20447 -producing tissue PMN as a potential key factor in aberrant effector T cell activation and initiation of immune-driven @entity2194 .

title: Female-Specific Downregulation of Tissue Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils Drives Impaired Regulatory T Cell and Amplified Effector T Cell Responses in Autoimmune XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['drive inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['dry eye disease']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'Depressed lymph node PMN']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['Dry Eye Disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Hippophae rhamnoides L. commonly known as Seabuckthorn (SBT), a wild shrub of family Elaegnacea, has extensively used for treating various ailments like @entity272 , @entity1087 , @entity565 , lung troubles. SBT leaves have been reported to possess several pharmacological properties including immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and tissue regeneration etc. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the adjuvant property of supercritical @entity544 extracts (SCEs 300ET and 350ET) of SBT leaves in balb/c @entity19 immunized with @entity116 and @entity7394 toxoids. The dynamic changes in the immune response were measured in terms of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. We have seen the effect of SCEs on immunoglobulin subtypes and secondary immune response generation. In addition, the effect of SCEs on antigen specific cellular immunity was evaluated. Our results show that SCEs 300ET and 350ET significantly enhanced antibody titers in response to both TT and DT antigens. The secondary immune response generated was significantly increased in case of TT immunized animals. SCEs also enhanced cytokine levels ( @entity379 , @entity3646 , @entity310 and @entity1356 ) and increased lymphoproliferation. Besides, both SCEs did not show any toxic effects. Therefore, the study suggests that SCEs are safe and have potent immunostimulatory activity and hence, seems to be a promising balanced @entity1198 and Th2 directing immunological adjuvant for various veterinary as well as @entity1 vaccines.

title: Augmentation of humoral and cellular immunity in response to @entity116 and @entity7394 toxoids by supercritical XXXX extracts of Hippophae rhamnoides L. leaves.

entities_list: @entity7394 :: ('MESH:D004165', 'Disease') :: ['Diphtheria']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin diseases']

answer: @entity544 :: (MESH:D002245,Chemical) :: ['carbon dioxide']


abstract: Bacterial profile modification is an important enhanced oil recovery technique used to direct injected water into a reservoir's low permeability zone containing trapped crude oil. During water flooding, the use of bacteria to plug the high permeability water zone and divert flow into the oil-bearing low-permeability zone will have a significant economic impact. However, during the field implementation of bacterial profile modification, the rapid growth of bacteria near the injection well bore may hinder the subsequent injection of growth media so that profile modification of the reservoir occurs only in the immediate vicinity of the well bore. By slowing the growth rate and prolonging the lag phase, the onset of pore-space plugging may be delayed and the biologically active zone extended deep into the reservoir. High substrate loading, high pH values, and the addition of the growth inhibitors @entity3208 and @entity7717 have been used in combination to alter the growth characteristics of @entity14921 NRRL-B523 grown in batch conditions. The highest @entity969 concentration used in these studies, 500 g/L, produced lag times 12-fold greater than the slowest lag times achieved at low @entity969 concentrations. When @entity14921 was grown in media containing 500 g/L @entity969 , an alkaline pH value threshold was found above which bacteria did not grow. At this threshold pH value of 8.1, an average lag time of 200 h was observed. Increasing the concentration of @entity7717 had no effect on lag time, but reduced the growth rate until the threshold concentration of 0.6%, above which bacteria did not grow. Last, it was found that a solution of 0.075 mM @entity3208 in media containing 15 g/L @entity969 completely inhibited bacterial growth.

title: Alteration of the growth rate and lag time of XXXX NRRL-B523.

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity7717 :: ('MESH:D020160', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium benzoate']

entities_list: @entity14921 :: ('1245', 'Species') :: ['Leuconostoc mesenteroides', 'L. mesenteroides']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecylsulfate']

answer: @entity14921 :: (1245,Species) :: ['Leuconostoc mesenteroides']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( @entity970 ) is offered to @entity746 ( @entity746 ) @entity1 with severe @entity1282 . Immediate benefits of @entity970 are adequate food intake and weight stabilization. However, the impact of @entity970 on survival is still uncertain. In this work we retrospectively evaluated the effect of @entity970 on survival in a cohort of @entity746 @entity1 followed in a tertiary referral centre. METHODS: Between 2000 and 2007, 150 dysphagic @entity746 @entity1 were followed until @entity204 or tracheostomy. @entity970 was placed in 76 @entity1 who accepted the procedure and survival was analysed using the Kaplan-Meier life-table method. RESULTS: In @entity746 @entity1 submitted to @entity970 , no major complications were observed. Total median survival time from symptom onset was 38 months for @entity970 users as compared to 32 months for the remaining dysphagic @entity1 who declined the procedure (p=0.05). Among bulbar-onset @entity1 , @entity970 users showed a median survival time longer than those with no @entity970 (28 months vs. 25 months), even though the difference was not significant. Conversely, dysphagic spinal-onset @entity1 with @entity970 lived significantly longer than those who refused this palliative care (44 months vs. 36 months, p=0.046). Survival in @entity1 with @entity970 was not affected by the severity of the @entity1576 , as measured by forced vital capacity. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that @entity970 improves survival in dysphagic @entity746 @entity1 , with few side effects. The procedure is safe and applicable even to @entity1 with impaired respiratory function. @entity970 remains a milestone in palliative care in dysphagic @entity746 @entity1 .

title: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in XXXX : effect on survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory impairment']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

answer: @entity746 :: (MESH:D000690,Disease) :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']


abstract: @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) has been associated with a marked @entity79 , especially short-term after injury. The absence of mechanical load, mediated by osteocyte mechanosensory function, seems to be a causative factor related to @entity604 in this condition. However, the pathogenesis and clinical management of this process remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of the study was to analyze the effect of recent @entity1566 on the Wnt pathway antagonists, sclerostin and @entity5741 ( @entity5741 ), and their relationship with bone turnover and @entity79 ( @entity79 ) evolution. Forty-two @entity1 (aged 35        14yrs) with a recent (<6months) complete @entity1566 were prospectively included. Sclerostin and @entity5741 , bone turnover markers (bone formation: PINP, bone ALP; resorption: sCTx) and @entity79 (lumbar spine, proximal femur, total body and lower extremities [DXA]) were assessed at baseline and at 6 and 12 months. The results were compared with a healthy control group. 22/42 @entity1 completed the 12-month follow-up. At baseline, @entity1566 @entity1 showed a marked increase in bone markers (PINP and sCTx), remaining significantly increased at up to 6 months of follow-up. Additionally, they presented significantly increased @entity5741 values throughout the study, whereas sclerostin values did not significantly change. @entity79 markedly decreased at the proximal femur (-20.2        5.4%, p   <   0.01), total body (-5.7        2.2%, p   =   0.02) and lower extremities (-13.1        4.5%, p   =   0.01) at 12 months. Consequently, 59% of @entity1 developed densitometric @entity170 at 12 months. @entity1 with higher @entity5741 values (>58   pmol/L) at baseline showed higher sublesional @entity79 loss. In conclusion, this study shows that short-term after @entity1566 there is a marked @entity79 and @entity604 , the latter associated with an increase in @entity5741 serum levels. The persistence of increased levels of this Wnt antagonist throughout the study and their relationship with the magnitude of @entity604 suggests a contributory role of this mediator in this process.

title: Effect of recent XXXX on wnt signaling antagonists (sclerostin and @entity5741 ) and their relationship with @entity604 . A 12-month prospective study.

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['increase in bone loss and bone remodeling', 'increase in bone turnover', 'bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Distant metastases arise in 20-30% of @entity1 with @entity957 of the @entity135 ( @entity213 ) in the 2 years following treatment. Therapeutic options are limited and the outcome of the @entity1 is poor. The identification of predictive biomarkers of @entity1 at risk for distant @entity3 and therapies are urgently needed. We previously identified a clinical subgroup, called @entity4960 " characterized by high propensity for rapid distant @entity3 . Here, we showed that @entity4960 " @entity1 do not or at very low level express @entity5689 ( @entity5689 ). Low or no expression of @entity5689 is of bad prognosis. Disappearance of @entity5689 enables cells to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT is associated with enhanced @entity4222 and invasion. Our study uncovered a new target, a5b1 integrin. Targeting a5b1 integrins might not only prevent @entity3 of @entity213 but also delay the development of the @entity5 by reducing @entity5 cell viability. @entity5689 detection might be taken into consideration in the future in the clinic not only to identify @entity1 at high risk of @entity3 but also to select @entity1 who might benefit from an anti-integrin therapy.

title: XXXX -negative @entity213 primary @entity5 display increased epithelial to mesenchymal transition and prometastatic properties.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['migration']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5689 :: (857,Gene) :: ['Caveolin-1']


abstract: Experiments were performed on unanesthetized @entity35 (n=6) to determine the systemic hemodynamics during chemoreflex activation by intravenous KCN. @entity35 chronically instrumented with ultrasonic flow probes in the ascendant aorta were submitted to KCN injections (30 microg/kg) before and after sequential administration of the autonomic blockers @entity3897 and @entity1169 . In the control period KCN injections produced a 60% reduction in heart rate (HR) and a 46% elevation in blood pressure (BP), while cardiac output (CO) decreased 76%, @entity64 volume (SV) decreased 40%, and calculated total peripheral resistance (TPR) increased 900%. @entity3897 administration increased resting HR, whereas no change was observed in CO or BP. Chemoreflex-induced @entity1168 was markedly attenuated (26%), and the pressor response was potentiated (59%) after @entity3897 administration. CO and TPR responses were both attenuated after @entity3897 administration (68% and 718%, respectively). Sequential administration of @entity1169 decreased HR but did not change the cardiovascular responses to KCN injections compared with the responses observed after @entity3897 administration. In conclusion, CO is greatly reduced during KCN-evoked chemoreflex. Besides the intense @entity1168 , a decrease in SV contributed to this reduction. Bradycardic response was most dependent on the cardiac parasympathetic activation, and the reduction in SV was probably most dependent on the increased cardiac afterload due to the sudden increase in BP.

title: Hemodynamics of chemoreflex activation in unanesthetized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine', 'atropine']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: To detect cell specific apoptosis factors, Fas and @entity12 , and the common intracellular apoptosis modulators, @entity9302 (ICE)-like protease ( @entity9302 ), @entity588 , @entity1836 and @entity589 in lens epithelial cells (LEC) of @entity1 @entity231 . To study the effects of Fas-stimulating monoclonal antibody on inhibition of LEC proliferation. METHODS: Reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect Fas, @entity12 , @entity9302 , @entity588 , @entity1836 and @entity589 , after cDNA was synthesized from the total RNA isolated from @entity1 @entity231 LEC obtained by capsulotomy during @entity231 surgery. Fas-stimulating monoclonal antibody was added at the concentrations of 10, 30, 100, 300 and 1000 ng/ml to the incubation medium of @entity1 @entity231 LEC; and the specimens were incubated for 24 h at 37 degrees C with 5% @entity515 circulation and 100% humidity. The specimens were then stained with @entity5956 , and the number of apoptotic cells was counted. RESULTS: Fas, @entity9302 , @entity588 , @entity1836 and @entity589 mRNA were detected by RT-PCR. @entity12 mRNA was not detected by RT-PCR. At each concentration, Fas-stimulating monoclonal antibody significantly inhibited LEC proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 @entity231 LEC expressed mRNA of Fas and various modulators of apoptosis pathways. Fas-stimulating monoclonal antibody may have the potential to prevent posterior capsule opacification after @entity231 surgery by inhibiting LEC proliferation.

title: Inhibition of lens epithelial cells by Fas-specific antibody activating Fas- XXXX system.

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts', 'cataractous', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity9302 :: ('834', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme', 'caspase 1']

answer: @entity12 :: (356,Gene) :: ['Fas ligand']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to estimate interfractional deviations in @entity1 and prostate position, the impact of the frequency of online verification on the treatment margins, and to assess acute radiation reactions of high-dose external beam image-guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IG-IMRT) of @entity263 . @entity1 AND METHODS: IG-IMRT was performed by daily online verification of implanted fiducial prostate markers using a megavoltage electronic portal imaging device (EPID). A total of 1011  image-guided treatment fractions from 23  consecutive unselected @entity263 @entity1 were analyzed. The median total dose was 79.2  Gy (range 77.4-81.0  Gy). Acute radiation reactions were assessed weekly during radiotherapy using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v.4.03. RESULTS: A relevant combined @entity1 set-up and prostate motion population random error of 4-5  mm was observed. Compared to daily IGRT, image guidance every other day required an expansion of the CTV- @entity343 (clinical target volume-planning target volume) margin of 8.1, 6.6, and 4.1  mm in the longitudinal, vertical, and lateral directions, thereby, increasing the @entity343 by approximately 30-40   %. No grade 3 or 4 acute radiation reactions were observed with daily IG-IMRT. CONCLUSION: A high dose with surprisingly low acute @entity137 can be applied with daily IG-IMRT using implanted fiducial prostate markers. Daily image guidance is clearly superior to image guidance every other fraction concerning adequate target coverage with minimal margins.

title: Image-guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy of @entity263 : Analysis of interfractional errors and acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: To my knowledge, there is no systematic review of crestal @entity604 (CBL) around submerged and nonsubmerged dental implants. PURPOSE: The purpose of this review was to systematically assess CBL around submerged and nonsubmerged dental implants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The addressed focused question was, "Does crestal and subcrestal placement of dental implants influence crestal bone levels?" Databases were searched from 1986 through October 2015 using different combinations of the following keywords: crestal, sub-crestal, @entity604 , dental implant, submerged, and nonsubmerged. Reference lists of potentially relevant original and review articles were hand-searched to identify any further studies. Letters to the editor, case reports, commentaries, studies on platform-switched implants, and studies published in languages other than English were excluded. RESULTS: In total, 13 studies (6 @entity1 and 7 animal), which were performed at universities, were included. In the @entity1 studies, the number of @entity1 ranged from 8 to 84 individuals. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 5 years. CBL at the test sites ranged from 0.17 mm to 0.9 mm and at control sites from 0.02 mm to 1.4 mm. Five @entity1 studies reported no significant difference in CBL around implants placed at the test and control sites. All animal studies were performed in @entity235 with a mean age ranging from 1 to approximately 2 years. The follow-up period ranged from 2 to 6 months. Four animal studies reported no significant difference in CBL around submerged and nonsubmerged implants. CONCLUSION: No significant difference in CBL was found around submerged and nonsubmerged dental implants.

title: Crestal XXXX around submerged and nonsubmerged dental implants: A systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'participants']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

answer: @entity604 :: (MESH:D016301,Disease) :: ['bone loss']


abstract: It is well known from behavioural experiments that @entity1 with @entity10870 ( @entity10870 ) have difficulties discriminating consonant-vowel (CV) syllables such as /ba/, /da/, and /ga/. @entity5527 ( @entity5527 ) is an auditory event-related potential component that represents the outcome of an automatic comparison process. It could, therefore, be a promising tool for assessing central auditory processing deficits for speech and non-speech stimuli in @entity1 with @entity10870 . @entity5527 is typically evoked by occasionally occurring 'deviant' stimuli in a sequence of identical 'standard' sounds. In this study @entity5527 was elicited using simple tone stimuli, which differed in frequency (1000 versus 1200 Hz) and duration (175 versus 100 ms) and to digitized CV syllables which differed in place of articulation (/ba/, /da/, and /ga/) in @entity1 with expressive and receptive @entity10870 and healthy control @entity1 (n=21 in each group, 46 males and 17 females; age range 5 to 10 years). Mean @entity5527 amplitudes between groups were compared. Additionally, the behavioural discrimination performance was assessed. @entity1 with @entity10870 had attenuated @entity5527 amplitudes to speech stimuli, but there was no significant difference between the two diagnostic subgroups. @entity5527 to tone stimuli did not differ between the groups. @entity1 with @entity10870 made more errors in the discrimination task, but discrimination scores did not correlate with @entity5527 amplitudes. The present data suggest that @entity1 with @entity10870 show a specific deficit in automatic discrimination of CV syllables differing in place of articulation, whereas the processing of simple tone differences seems to be unimpaired.

title: Automatic processing of tones and speech stimuli in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity5527 :: ('MESH:C536928', 'Disease') :: ['MMN', 'Mismatch negativity']

entities_list: @entity10870 :: ('OMIM:606712', 'Disease') :: ['specific language impairment', 'SLI']

answer: @entity10870 :: (OMIM:606712,Disease) :: ['specific language impairment']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Parenteral antibiotic prophylaxis is the current standard of therapy in clean-contaminated @entity5 surgery. Nevertheless, the incidence of @entity281 ( @entity281 ) in oral oncological surgery is relatively high, especially in major surgery with reconstruction and tracheotomy. The aims of this study were to investigate the perioperative condition related to microorganisms in the oral cavity and to examine the efficacy of the topical administration of @entity803 in reducing the number of bacteria in the oropharyngeal fluid during intubation. The number of oral bacteria was measured during intubation in @entity1 undergoing major @entity5 surgery. The efficacy of the topical administration of @entity803 or @entity4279 gel in reducing the bacteria was then investigated. Bacteria in the oropharyngeal fluid grew from 10(6)CFU/ml to 10(8)CFU/ml during the 3h after intubation (CFU, colony-forming units). When @entity803 was applied to the dorsum of the tongue, oral bacteria decreased immediately to 10(5)CFU/ml, and the number of bacteria in the oropharyngeal fluid was maintained below 10(7)CFU/ml for 7h. The concentration of @entity803 in the oropharyngeal fluid was extremely high for several hours after topical administration. The topical administration of @entity803 could reduce oral bacteria in @entity1 undergoing clean-contaminated @entity5 surgery. This method is expected to be effective in the prevention of @entity281 .

title: Efficacy of topical antibiotic administration on the inhibition of perioperative oral bacterial growth in XXXX @entity1 : a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oral cancer']

entities_list: @entity4279 :: ('MESH:D011206', 'Chemical') :: ['povidone iodine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['surgical site infection', 'SSI']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['oral cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 2062 Background: Treatment of @entity3 ( @entity15053 ) remains challenging due to advanced @entity262 at presentation and limited treatment options. METHODS: All @entity1 underwent standard pre-treatment @entity15053 assessment including @entity2841 assessment (cytology or flow cytometry), brain and spine MR imaging, and radioisotope @entity2841 flow study. Liposomal @entity2592 was administered intraventricularly (n=80) or intralumbar (n=40) at 50mg every 2-weeks x4 and then every 4-weeks x6 in responding @entity1 . @entity619 (4mg orally twice per day x5days) was co-administered with each liposomal @entity2592 treatment. @entity1 were seen with each liposomal @entity2592 treatment and assessed for @entity137 . RESULTS: 120 adult @entity1 (median age 51 years [range 33-68]) with @entity15053 were treated with liposomal @entity2592 . Liposomal @entity2592 Common @entity137 Criteria > Grade 3 @entity2359 was seen in 62 cycles (11.9%) in 28 @entity1 (23.3%). @entity137 included @entity4008 (3.75% ventricular: 0% lumbar); @entity693 (17.5%:15%); communicating @entity1276 (3.75%: 5%); conus medullaris/ @entity1971 (5%:5%); decreased visual acuity (5%:2.5%); @entity75 (5%: 5%); @entity62 (7.5%: 2.5%); @entity602 (2.5%: 2.5%); @entity614 (1.25%: 5%); and @entity410 (1.25%: 2.5%). Distribution of @entity137 was similar regardless of route of administration (ventricular vs. lumbar). @entity137 were transient in 38 episodes (61.3%) and permanent in 24 (38.7%; 17 @entity1 ). There were no treatment-related deaths however 20 treatment-related @entity137 (32.2%) required hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: Liposomal @entity2592 is mostly well tolerated however a subset of @entity1 (14%) not easily identified pre-treatment develop serious treatment-related @entity16 that may be persistent and impact quality of life.

title: @entity2359 of intra- @entity2841 liposomal XXXX in the treatment of leptomeningeal metastases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity', 'toxicities', 'Toxicities', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['chemical meningitis']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['leptomeningeal metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1971 :: ('MESH:D011128', 'Disease') :: ['cauda equina syndrome']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['leukoencephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity2592 :: (MESH:D003561,Chemical) :: ['cytarabine']


abstract: The incidence of @entity1489 ( @entity1489 ) has been rapidly increasing in epidemic proportions all over the world. The purpose was to evaluate the demographic and clinico-pathological patterns of @entity1489 in Izmir, a region with high ultraviolet light exposure. The study was retrospective and hospital-based. The data related to all NMSC @entity1 registered from January 1, 1990, to December 31, 1999, in the Dermatology Department of Ege University Medical School in Izmir, were collected and analyzed according to the personal statistics, anatomic location, dimensions of the lesion and clinical and @entity1489 . A total number of 2,879 @entity1 , aged between 20 and 96 years, were included in the study; among them 1,633 were @entity1 and 1,246 were @entity1 . The mean age of the @entity1 population was 62.81 years, with a standard deviation of 12.50 years. Among the @entity5 @entity1 , there were 2,062 @entity1491 ( @entity1491 ), 746 @entity957 ( @entity957 ) and 71 both BCC and SCC; the total number of lesions was 3,186 (2,339 @entity1491 , 847 @entity957 ). Of all the NMSC lesions studied, the highest percentage (46.6%) were located on the face. For the @entity1491 , the most frequent histopathological subtype was the solid pattern (50.74%). The mean male: female ratios for SCC and @entity75 were 2.86 and 1.01, respectively. Nodular and ulcerative forms (69.8%) were the most commonly found clinical types. Of all @entity1489 , 78.4% had diameters in the 11 to 20 mm. BCC is the most common type of @entity1489 diagnosed in our region. Among the NMSC @entity1 , farming was the most widespread and risky job. The majority of SCC @entity5 were observed mostly in @entity1 60 years old or above. This is the first comprehensive description of @entity1489 in our region.

title: XXXX between the years of 1990 and 1999 in Izmir, Turkey: demographic and clinicopathological characteristics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['NMSCs', 'skin cancer', 'skin cancers', 'histopathological type of skin cancer', 'nonmelanoma skin cancers']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['SCCs', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['BCC lesions']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinomas', 'BCCs']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['Non-melanoma skin cancers']


abstract: AIM: The authors analyzed in a retrospective manner the prognostic significance of @entity876 and @entity7465 expression, DNA ploidy, S-phase fraction (SPF), and traditional clinical and pathological prognostic factors in @entity1 with uterine @entity1822 . MATERIAL: Forty-nine @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity1822 (25 stage I, 4 stage II, 8 stage III, and 12 stage IV). DNA flow cytometric analysis and immunohistochemical staining for @entity876 and @entity7465 were performed on @entity982 -embedded archival tissue from the uterine @entity5 . RESULTS: Of the 49 @entity1 , 35 (71%) died of disease and 2 died of intercurrent disease. The 5-year survival rate was 33%. FIGO surgical stage, DNA ploidy, SPF, mitotic index, cellular atypia, and @entity5 grade obtained significance (P < 0.05) in a univariate survival analysis of the @entity1822 . In a multivariate analysis with survival as the end point, stage was found to be the most important factor (P = 0.007); DNA ploidy (P = 0. 045) and SPF (P = 0.041) also had independent prognostic significance. For FIGO stage I @entity5 , DNA ploidy (P = 0.04) and @entity5 grade (P = 0.01) were statistically significant in a univariate analysis, while only grade had independent prognostic significance (P = 0.01) in a multivariate analysis. In a univariate analysis including only FIGO stage I and II @entity5 with disease-free survival as the end point, @entity876 overexpression (P = 0.0016), DNA ploidy (P = 0.042), and @entity5 grade (P = 0.008) obtained significance. In a multivariate analysis, only @entity876 had independent statistical significance (P = 0.01). All @entity876 immunopositive stage I-II @entity5 recurred within 28 months from diagnosis. CONCLUSION: This study found that stage represents the most important prognostic factor for uterine @entity1822 . DNA ploidy and SPF had independent prognostic value. DNA flow cytometry is useful in gaining additional prognostic information. In stage I @entity1 , @entity5 grade gives significant information regarding clinical outcome. In addition, @entity876 overexpression may predict a higher risk of recurrence in early stage @entity1822 .

title: @entity1822 : A clinicopathologic, DNA flow cytometric, XXXX , and @entity7465 analysis of 49 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['uterine leiomyosarcoma', 'leiomyosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Vaginal reconstruction after @entity530 ( @entity530 ) represents a challenge for the oncologic surgeon. Since the introduction of perforator flaps, using pedicled vertical DIEP (deep inferior epigastric perforator) flap allows to reduce the donor site complication rate. From November 2012 to December 2014, 27 PEs were performed in our institution. 13 @entity1 who underwent @entity530 with vaginal reconstruction and programmed DIEP procedure for gynecologic @entity5 were registered. Nine @entity1 underwent @entity530 for recurrent disease and four for primary treatment. Six of the 13 @entity1 have a preoperative @entity292 . Anterior @entity530 was performed in 10 @entity1 , and total @entity530 in 3 @entity1 . A vertical DIEP flap was performed in 10 @entity1 using one or two medial perforators. The reasons for abortion of vertical DIEP flap procedure were: failure to localizing perforator vessels in two cases, and unavailability of plastic surgeon in one case. A vertical fascia-sparring rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap was then harvested. Median length of surgery was 335min, and 60min for DIEP harvesting and vaginal reconstruction. No flap @entity39 occurred. One @entity1 in the VRAM (vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous) group experienced a late incisional @entity547 and one @entity1 in the DIEP flap group required revision for vaginal @entity850 . In our experience, DIEP flap represents our preferred choice of flap for circumferential vaginal reconstruction after @entity530 . To achieve a high reproducibility, the technically demanding pedicled vertical DIEP flap has to be harvested by a trained surgeon, after strict evaluation of the preoperative imaging with identification and localization of perforator vessels.

title: Vaginal reconstruction with pedicled vertical deep inferior epigastric perforator flap (diep) after XXXX . A consecutive case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pelvic exenteration']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity530 :: (MESH:D010386,Disease) :: ['pelvic exenteration']


abstract: The action of @entity15258 ( @entity15258 ) on @entity141 signalling in HeLa cells and cardiac myocytes was investigated. Consistent with other studies, we found that superfusion of cells with @entity15258 rapidly inhibited @entity671 (InsP(3))-mediated @entity141 release and store-operated @entity141 entry (SOC). In addition to abrogating hormone-evoked @entity141 responses, @entity15258 could antagonise @entity141 signals evoked by a membrane permeant InsP(3) @entity13507 . @entity15258 also slowed the recovery of intracellular @entity141 signals consistent with an effect on @entity141 ATPases. The inhibitory action of @entity15258 on InsP(3) receptors (InsP(3)Rs), SOC channels and @entity141 pumps persisted for several minutes after washout of the compound. Application of @entity15258 to unstimulated cells had no effect on subsequent @entity141 responses suggesting that it has a use-dependent action. Mitochondria in cells treated with @entity15258 showed a rapid and slowly reversible swelling. @entity15258 did not cause the mitochondria to depolarise, but it reduced the extent of mitochondrial @entity460 uptake. Although @entity15258 has been demonstrated not to affect voltage-operated @entity141 channels or @entity8452 receptors, we found that it gave a concentration-dependent long-lasting inhibition of @entity141 signalling in electrically-stimulated cardiac myocytes, where InsP(3)Rs and SOC channels do not play a significant role. Our data suggest that @entity15258 has multiple cellular targets, a use-dependent action, is difficult to reverse and may affect @entity141 signalling in cell types where InsP(3) and SOC are not active.

title: @entity15258 ( XXXX ) antagonises @entity671 -induced @entity460 release, inhibits @entity460 pumps and has a use-dependent and slowly reversible action on store-operated @entity460 entry channels.

entities_list: @entity671 :: ('MESH:D015544', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity15258 :: ('MESH:C109986', 'Chemical') :: ['2-APB', '2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity15258 :: (MESH:C109986,Chemical) :: ['2-APB']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Two Croatian siblings with atypical clinical findings in the presence of @entity11280 gene mutations are reported. The @entity1 presented with delayed motor development and @entity425 in hands and feet in her first year of life. She never stood or walked and developed @entity1635 and @entity1159 during childhood. Her hands and feet were non-functional when last seen at age 14 years. Her 4-year-old brother was more severely affected and had a clinical picture resembling @entity4574 ( @entity2057 ) type 1. He also showed unusual distally pronounced @entity425 and @entity425 . Both @entity1 had no sensory deficits but gave evidence of a mixed @entity17 with pronounced slowing in the distal nerve segments. Unexpectedly, both siblings showed a compound heterozygous @entity11280 mutation (heterozygous deletion and missense mutation @entity70120 ; @entity70121 ), thus confirming @entity4574 . In addition, next generation sequencing of 52 genes for @entity16 revealed a heterozygous missense mutation @entity70122 ; @entity70123 in the @entity52388 gene that was transmitted by the healthy father. Our observations widen the phenotypic consequences of @entity11280 gene mutations and support the notion to look for additional genetic factors which may modify the clinical picture in atypical cases.

title: Distally pronounced @entity4574 with severe @entity17 associated with the XXXX mutation of @entity11280 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['axonal and demyelinating neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity4574 :: ('MESH:D014897', 'Disease') :: ['infantile spinal muscular atrophy', 'infantile SMA']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness', 'facial weakness']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['joint contractures']

answer: @entity70121 :: (p|SUB|S|230|L,ProteinMutation) :: ['S230L']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to assess the frequency of dental @entity148 and/or fear among @entity1 in an emergency dental service. METHODS: Research was based on interviews with 252 @entity1 , aged 18 years old and over, attended at an emergency dentistry service of S  o Paulo, Brazil, from August to November, 2001. Two methods were used to measure dental @entity148 : the Modified Dental @entity148 Scale (MDAS) and the Gatchel Fear Scale. The study group answered questions concerning major complaint, how much time had elapsed since their last visit to the dentist and since the initial symptoms leading to the current visit to the emergency service, level of education, family income and previous @entity130 . Statistical analysis (chi2 and Fisher exact test) was performed to evaluate these characteristics. RESULTS: It was found that 28.17% of this sample was dentally anxious, according to the MDAS, and 14.29%, felt fear related to dental treatment according to the Gatchel Fear Scale. @entity1 were more anxious than @entity1 at a statistically significant rate (MDAS). The time elapsed since the onset of initial symptoms was more than 7 days for 44.44% of the @entity1 . A large proportion of anxious @entity1 returned to treatment during the last year. A previous traumatic experience with dental was identified in 46.48% of the dentally anxious @entity1 . No significant relation between level of education or income and dental @entity148 was found. CONCLUSIONS: Dentally anxious @entity1 frequent attend emergency care. Females are more likely to report high dental @entity148 than males. Previous experience seems to be an important factor contributing to avoidance of dental care.

title: [Dental XXXX in an emergency dental service].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']