abstract: OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study comes forward to study our management of left @entity694 by evaluating the mortality and the morbidity. @entity1 AND METHODS: From 1984 to 2001, 21 @entity1 with left @entity694 were treated in emergency. They were 12 males and 9 females with a mean age of 40.6 years. All the @entity1 had complete clinical and radiological @entity694 . The pre-operative neoplastic origin of the obstruction was unknown in 20 cases. Six @entity1 had hepatic metastases and 6 ovarian metastases. Six @entity1 were classified as Asa II and 6 other Asa III. Nineteen @entity1 (90.5%) underwent Hartmann's operation. The 2 remaining @entity1 had immediate @entity254 after colectomy, with diverting ileostomy. These procedures were associated with hepatectomy in 5 cases and annexectomy in 6 cases. Intestinal continuity restoration was possible in 13 cases between 6 months and 1 year. RESULTS: Operative mortality was 9.5% (2 cases). @entity204 were due to evisceration caused by parietal suppuration in one case and @entity712 in the other case. There was no anastomotic @entity292 . Mean hospital stay was 14 days (12-21). Survival was 84% at one year and 0% at 5 years. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that Hartmann's operation is safe and may be usually performed in our conditions. However, near by amount colostomy and intra-operative colonic irrigation might be an alternating procedure in some selected @entity1 .

title: [Left XXXX in Ivory Coast].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic obstruction', 'colonic cancer obstruction']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic cancer obstruction']


abstract: An association between the @entity5337 variant and an increased risk of @entity393 has been reported. Most previous studies were performed with clinically recruited @entity1 and controls. This approach may cause selection bias. The present analysis was performed with the aim to investigate the association between the @entity5337 mutation and the risk of @entity2209 in a population-based sample. The Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) is a survey that was carried out in North East Germany. A random sample from the population aged 20 to 79 years was taken. The total SHIP population comprised 4,310 @entity1 . The presence of the @entity5337 variant was determined by PCR and Mnl I digestion. The presence of the @entity5337 variant was neither associated with the number of pregnancies nor with the number of @entity1 per @entity1 . Data from 1,768 females who had at least one pregnancy with known outcome was available for the present analysis. Seventy-three @entity1 (4.1%) reported at least one @entity2209 . @entity1 with and without the @entity5337 mutation did not differ with respect to the number of @entity1 with at least one @entity2209 (OR for @entity5337 variant 1.57; 95%-CI 0.76 - 3.25). Furthermore, the number of @entity1 with two or more @entity2209 , the number of @entity2209 per affected @entity1 and the number of @entity2209 per number of pregnancies per @entity1 was similar between both genotype groups. In conclusion, there is no association between the @entity5337 mutation and the risk of @entity2209 in a representative population sample.

title: XXXX and the risk of @entity2209 in a German population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'women', 'woman', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy loss']

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['stillbirth', 'stillbirths']

answer: @entity5337 :: (2153,Gene) :: ['Factor V Leiden']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 represent a group of @entity5 comprised of neuroendocrine cells. In 1999, the World Health Organization (W.H.O.) proposed the definitive classification of @entity5 based on the criteria from Travis and associates. The W.H.O. described two different groups of @entity5 : typical @entity4303 (AC). Few reports have reviewed their data according to the current classification, and therefore, prognosis and standard therapy for TC and AC are still uncertain. METHODS: From 1980 to 2001, 98 pulmonary resections have been performed for primary @entity5 in our Thoracic Department of the University of Milan. We reviewed original histology using the current W.H.O. criteria and identified 88 @entity1 with TC and 10 with AC. We reviewed the outcomes in each group. RESULTS: The 5 year-overall survival rate was 91.9% for TC and 71% for AC. The 10-year overall survival rate was 89.7% for TC and 60% for AC. The 5-year @entity2802 -related survival rates in the TC group were: IA-B, 100%; IIA-B, 75%; and IIIA, 50%. At 10 years, they were: IA-B, 100%; IIA-B, 75%; and IIIA, 0%. The 5-year survival rates in the AC group were: IA-B, 100%; IIA-B, 100%; and IIIA, 0%. At 10 years, they were: IA-B, 100%; IIA-B, 66%; and IIIA, 0%. CONCLUSIONS: Prognosis is favorable for both subtypes in the early stage. Advanced stages are related to better prognosis in TC. Recurrences rate is worse in the AC subtype. Our data suggest avoiding limited resections when feasible in AC. Parenchyma-sparing resections should be encouraged in TC.

title: Assessment of outcomes in XXXX according to latest WHO classification.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial carcinoid tumors', 'neuroendocrine tumors', 'carcinoid tumors', 'malignant neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary carcinoid tumors']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoids (TC) and atypical carcinoids']

answer: @entity4303 :: (MESH:D002276,Disease) :: ['typical and atypical carcinoids']


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was to assess the oncology and functional outcome after preoperative radiotherapy and delayed coloanal @entity254 for @entity5 of the lower third of the rectum. @entity1 AND METHODS: From January 1988 to December 1997, 35 @entity1 received preoperative radiotherapy (45 Gy) followed by rectal resection through a combined abdominal and transanal approach. Thirty @entity1 had preoperative @entity5 staging with endorectal ultrasonography: uT1N0 = 2, uT2N0 = 6, uT2N+ = 2, uT3N0 = 6, and uT3N+ = 14. Colorectal resection was performed on average 32 days after the conclusion of radiotherapy, and the distal colon stump was pulled through the anal canal. On postoperative day 5, the colonic stump was resected and a direct coloanal @entity254 performed. RESULTS: Pathological examination of the specimens revealed @entity5 sterilization in two cases, pT1N0 = 3, pT2N0 = 14, pT2N+ = 1, pT3N0 = 6, and pT3N+ = 9. There was no postoperative mortality and there was no leakage. One @entity1 had a @entity530 , and another one had @entity39 which required re-operation. Median follow-up was 43 months (range 6-113). Two @entity1 had locoregional recurrence, seven had distant metastasis, and 3 had both. Actuarial survival rate at 1, 3 and 5 years was 97%, 86%, and 72% respectively. The rate of local control at 5 years was 78%. Functional results were evaluated by a new scoring system. Function was considered good in 59 and 70% at 1 and 2 years respectively. CONCLUSION: This new procedure is a safe and effective sphincter-preserving operation that avoids a diverting stoma. It is well adapted for @entity1 receiving preoperative radiotherapy, with low local morbidity and good functional results.

title: [Oncologic and functional results of resections with direct delayed coloanal @entity254 in previously irradiated XXXX of the lower rectum].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['left colon necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'complete tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic abscess']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancers']


abstract: CONTEXT: Ten years after the use of alpha interferon in @entity2212 ( @entity2212 ) @entity1778 treatment, we review this treatment. OBJECTIVE: We propose through this study to evaluate the therapeutic answer of the @entity1 reached of @entity2212 in chronic phase and to study its impact on survival. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To be done we carried out a descriptive and analytical retrospective study concerning 40 @entity1 carrying @entity1860 . RESULTS: The average age was 39.05 years and ratio sex was 0.9. 60% of the @entity1 profited from the arm @entity1862 + Interferon alpha + @entity2592 and 40% from @entity1862 + @entity14584 . The complete haematological answer was observed in 85.5%. The cytogenetic answer was documented only for two cases, and it acted of complete answer. On the evolutionary level, it was noted 27.5% of deaths related to a blastic transformation. The side effects were marked by occurred of @entity1665 , @entity12949 . The median of survival observed was 68.233 months or 5.68 years. The age, socioeconomic level, delay of treatment started, therapeutic protocol, length and regularity of treatment influenced the therapeutic response. CONCLUSION: Many factors influence the treatment response.

title: [Therapeutic impact of alpha interferon in chronic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2212 :: ('MESH:D015466', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myelogenous', 'CML']

entities_list: @entity12949 :: ('MESH:C536395', 'Disease') :: ['herpes and the gripal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity14584 :: ('MESH:D007372', 'Chemical') :: ['Interferon']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['Cytosine Arabinoside']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Myelogenous Leukaemia']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['myelogenous leukaemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study is to determine if thoracolumbar vertebral body collapse or canal compromise (CC) is associated with reposition of bone fragment. We retrospective review medical charts of @entity1 with thoracolumbar burst @entity174 from July 2010 to September 2013. The @entity174 were classified according to the Arbeit Fuer Osteoosynthese (AO) classification system. Neurological status was classified according to American @entity3510 Association (ASIA). @entity1 were divided into two groups (reposition group and non-reposition group) according to whether the bone fragments were reposition or non-reposition after surgery. Mimics measured @entity17323 ( @entity17323 ), @entity5562 ( @entity5562 ), @entity1513 ( @entity1513 ) and @entity2850 ratio (AVBCR), middle vertebral body compression ratio (MVBCR), posterior vertebral body compression ratio (PVBCR), and @entity17323 compression ratio (MSDCR) on the preoperative CT image. The results indicated that 55 @entity1 were included in the study. There are 35 @entity1 with reposition of bone fragment and 20 @entity1 with non-reposition of bone fragment after surgery. There were significant difference on @entity17323 (t = 3.258, P = 0.002), @entity5562 (t = 2.197, P = 0.032), AVBCR (t = -2.063, P = 0.044), MVBCR (t = -2.526, P = 0.015), PVBCR (t = -2.211, P = 0.031), MSDCR (t = -4.975, P = 0.000) between two groups before surgery. There was a significant correlation between reposition of bone fragment and AO classification (OR = 5.251, P = 0.022), and MSDCR (OR = 7.366, P = 0.007). There was no significant correlation between reposition and AVBCR, MVBCR, PVBCR, @entity1513 , @entity17323 and @entity5562 . In conclusion, this study indicates that AO classification and MSDCR are predictors of reposition of bone fragment.

title: Correlation of bone fragments reposition and related parameters in thoracolumbar burst XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Injury']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['local kyphosis', 'LK']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['calculated anterior vertebral body compression']

entities_list: @entity5562 :: ('MESH:D015875', 'Disease') :: ['TCD', 'transverse canal diameter']

entities_list: @entity17323 :: ('MESH:D019767', 'Disease') :: ['MSD', 'mid-sagittal canal diameter']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many regimens of @entity136 - @entity900 chemotherapy have proven activity in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). However, the optimal dose and schedule still have to be established. @entity1 AND METHODS: We conducted a phase II study with administration of @entity900 50 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 and @entity136 800 mg/m(2) on days 2, 9 and 15. This schedule was selected to optimise the synergism between the two drugs and reduce @entity137 due to high dose @entity900 . RESULTS: Thirty-six chemo-naive @entity1 with stage IIIA, IIIB or IV @entity1149 entered the study (26 @entity1 , 10 @entity1 ; median age 58 years, range 29-74). Twenty @entity1 achieved a partial response: 7 out of 10 stage IIIA @entity1 , 7 out of 13 stage IIIB @entity1 and 6 out of 13 stage IV @entity1 . On intent-to-treat basis, the overall response rate (RR) was 58% (95% confidence interval, 42-74%). Ninety percent of stage IIIA @entity1 and 46% of stage IIIB @entity1 received adjuvant surgery or radiotherapy. Overall median duration of response was 28 weeks (range 6-147 weeks). For stage IIIA, IIIB and IV @entity1 , these numbers were 91, 13 and 23 weeks, respectively. One-year survival was 49% with 90%, 23% and 42% for stage IIIA, IIIB and IV @entity1 , respectively. The main @entity137 was myelosuppression. WHO grades 3 and 4 @entity1431 occurred in 67% of @entity1 , whereas 61% experienced grade 3 or 4 @entity882 . Although hematological @entity137 was clinically tolerable, it frequently led to omission of @entity136 administration on day 15. The incidence of @entity1503 was very low. CONCLUSION: This regimen of @entity900 on days 1 and 8 and @entity136 on days 2, 9 and 15 induced a high RR in @entity1 with advanced NCSLC. Frequent omission of @entity136 day 15 is a limitation of this schedule. This should be an important factor in a practical approach to decide on the most optimal schedule of the @entity900 plus @entity136 combination.

title: Combination of @entity136 and XXXX for advanced @entity1149 : a phase II study with emphasis on scheduling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['non-hematological toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: Hematopoiesis undergoes several migrations from yolk sac to liver and spleen, and finally bone marrow until the end of life. A number of investigations have demonstrated that the hematopoietic microenvironment plays very important role in this process. However, the exact mechanisms remain unknown. In order to systematically analyze and understand the role of hematopoietic microenvironment in the regulation and control of hematopoiesis, a microarray containing 588 complementary DNAs was used to compare the gene expressions between those in @entity19 fetal liver and bone marrow cells. The results obtained from array hybridization were analyzed and reconfirmed by using bioinformatics and RT-PCR as well as Northern blot. The results showed that 65 and 131 genes were relatively high expressed in bone marrow and fetal liver cells respectively among 588 known genes in the array-membrane. According to the survey in the PubMed, 39 out of bone-marrow-expressed genes and 71 in fetal-liver-expressed genes were closely related to the hematopoiesis. Further reconfirmation by RT-PCR or Northern blot has demonstrated that @entity12213 , @entity3844 an d @entity25274 genes chosen for analysis were highly expressed in adult bone marrow, but unexpressed or lower expressed in fetal liver cells, resulting in high similarity to the array results. Moreover, the expressions of @entity12213 and @entity3844 in fetal liver were down-regulated with the increment of gestational age. In conclusion, the gene expressions in bone marrow and fetal liver cells are obviously different, some of the genes are down-regulated at the different stages of ontogeny. The different gene expression levels between bone marrow and fetal liver, especially those genes closely related to the hematopoiesis, may be the molecular basis for the explanation of why hematopoietic stem cells derived from different tissues have different characterizations as well as the differences from the beginning and terminating of fetal liver hematopoiesis, and why hematopoietic stem cells derived from fetal liver is tremendously difficult to be grafted in bone marrow.

title: [Comparative study of differentially expressed genes in XXXX bone marrow and fetal liver cells].

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: PURPOSE: The International @entity521 Response Criteria (INRC) require serial measurements of @entity5 in three dimensions, whereas the Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 (RECIST) require measurement in one dimension. This study was conducted to identify the preferred method of @entity5 response assessment for use in revised INRC. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 younger than 20 years with high-risk @entity521 were eligible if they were diagnosed between 2000 and 2012 and if three @entity5 measurements (antero-posterior, width, cranio-caudal) were recorded at least twice before resection. Responses were defined as >=  30% reduction in longest dimension as per RECIST, >=  50% reduction in volume as per INRC, or >=  65% reduction in volume. RESULTS: Three-year event-free survival for all @entity1 (N = 229) was 44% and overall survival was 58%. The sensitivity of both volume response measures (ability to detect responses in @entity1 who survived) exceeded the sensitivity of the single dimension measure, but the specificity of all response measures (ability to identify lack of response in @entity1 who later died) was low. In multivariable analyses, none of the response measures studied was predictive of outcome, and none was predictive of the extent of resection. CONCLUSION: None of the methods of @entity5 response assessment was predictive of outcome. Measurement of three dimensions followed by calculation of resultant volume is more complex than measurement of a single dimension. @entity5 response in @entity1 with high-risk @entity521 should therefore be evaluated in accordance with RECIST criteria, using the single longest dimension.

title: Assessment of Primary Site Response in XXXX With High-Risk @entity521 : An International Multicenter Study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Primary tumor', 'Solid Tumors', 'primary tumors', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma', 'Neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: Recently conducted clinical trials have provided impressive evidence that chemotherapy resistant metastatic @entity320 and several @entity1583 can be cured using adoptive T cell therapy or T cell-recruiting bispecific antibodies. However, a significant fraction of @entity1 did not benefit from these treatments. Here we have evaluated the feasibility of a novel combination therapy which aims to further enhance the killing potential of bispecific antibody-redirected T lymphocytes by using these cells as targeted delivery system for photosensitizing agents. For a first in vitro proof-of-concept study, ex vivo activated @entity1 donor T cells were loaded with a @entity25210 (PSS)-complex of the model photosensitizer 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin ( @entity68421 ). In the absence of light and when loading with the water-soluble PSS/mTHPP-complex occurred at a tolerable concentration, viability and cytotoxic function of loaded T lymphocytes were not impaired. When "drug-enhanced" T cells were co-cultivated with @entity5960 -expressing @entity1 @entity189 cells, mTHPP was transferred to target cells. Notably, in the presence of a bispecific antibody, which cross-links effector and target cells thereby inducing the cytolytic activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, significantly more photosensitizer was transferred. Consequently, upon irradiation of co-cultures, redirected drug-loaded T cells were more effective in killing A549 lung and SKOV-3 @entity43 cells than retargeted unloaded T lymphocytes. Particularly, the additive approach using redirected unloaded T cells in combination with appropriate amounts of separately applied PSS/mTHPP was less efficient as well. Thus, by loading T lymphocytes with a stimulus-sensitive anti- @entity5 drug, we were able to enhance the cytotoxic capacity of carrier cells. @entity9335 cells could open new perspectives for adoptive T cell therapy as well as targeted photodynamic therapy.

title: A photosensitizer delivered by bispecific antibody redirected T lymphocytes enhances cytotoxicity against @entity5960 -expressing XXXX cells upon light irradiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity25210 :: ('MESH:C003321', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(styrene sulfonate)']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity9335 :: ('MESH:D010787', 'Disease') :: ['Photosensitizer boosted T']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: A total of seventeen @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ), nineteen HCCs, who underwent as an initial treatment transcatheter hepatic segmental or subsegmental arterial administration of SMANCS alone for @entity157 ( @entity157 ), were studied to evaluate the efficacy and complication of that treatment. The initial treatments provided CR in eight @entity1 (47%), and repeat administrations of SMANCS achieved CR in an additional four @entity1 (24%). The initial treatment provided a dense deposit of @entity4831 in the twelve @entity5 (63%), in five of which @entity4831 was thereafter washed out in some portions of the @entity5 . Complete @entity39 was obtained in nine (75%) of fourteen hypervascular @entity5 , and in two (40%) of five intermediately vascular or @entity5 . Segmental or subsegmental administration of SMANCS was well tolerated with self-controlled abdominal @entity158 well responding to medication. Ascites was seen in three cases, and @entity194 of the segment infused occurred in five @entity1 . Cholinesterase significantly reduced at one week and one month, then recovered to baseline two to three months after initial treatment. The cumulative survival rates were 77% at 1 year, 66% at 2 years, and 53% at 5 years in the whole @entity1 . The survival rate was 100% at 5 years in the @entity1 A group. In the @entity1 who obtained CR using SMANCS alone, the survival rates were 89% at 1 year, 74% at 2 years and 56% at 5 years. Although this method may transiently deteriorate hepatic function, segmental or subsegmental administration of SMANCS may be an excellent therapeutic method for treatment of @entity157 and promising for use in properly selected @entity1 .

title: [Evaluation of transcatheter hepatic segmental or subsegmental infusion of SMANCS for treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'hypovascular tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4831 :: ('MESH:D004998', 'Chemical') :: ['Lipiodol']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain or fever']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: Blast @entity131 (bTBI) has been shown to contribute to progressive @entity179 . Recent evidence suggests that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a mechanistic link between acute neurotrauma and progressive @entity13859 . We propose that ER stress contributes to extensive behavioral changes associated with a @entity8638 ( @entity8638 )-like phenotype. Targeting ER stress is a promising option for the treatment of neurotrauma-related @entity179 , which warrants investigation. Utilizing our validated and clinically relevant Sprague-Dawley blast model, we investigated a time course of mechanistic changes that occur following bTBI (50 psi) including: ER stress activation, @entity68 -mediated @entity137 , and @entity13859 via Western blot and immunohistochemistry. These changes were associated with behavioral alterations measured by the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM), Forced Swim Test (FST), and Morris Water Maze (MWM). Following characterization, salubrinal, an ER stress modulator, was given at a concentration of 1   mg/kg post-blast, and its mechanism of action was determined in vitro. bTBI significantly increased markers of @entity21 of the left hemisphere: p- @entity7952 and p- @entity15204 at 30   min, p-T205 tau at 6   h, and @entity68 at 24   h. bTBI animals spent more time immobile on the FST at 72   h and more time in the open arm of the EPM at 7 days. Further, bTBI caused a significant @entity4207 measured with MWM at 21 days post-blast, with persistent tau changes. Salubrinal successfully reduced ER stress markers in vivo and in vitro while significantly improving performance on the EPM. bTBI causes robust biochemical changes that contribute to @entity179 , but these changes may be targeted with ER stress modulators.

title: Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Modulation as a Target for Ameliorating Effects of Blast Induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration', 'neurodegenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning disruption']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['injury in the cortex']

entities_list: @entity8638 :: ('MESH:D020208', 'Disease') :: ['CTE', 'chronic traumatic encephalopathy']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Traumatic Brain Injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Complete mesocolic excision (CME) seems to be associated with improved oncological outcomes compared with 'conventional' surgery, but there is a potential for higher morbidity. METHODS: Data for @entity1 after elective resection at the four centres in the Capital Region of Denmark (June 2008 to December 2013) were retrieved from the Danish @entity14 Group database and medical charts. Approval from a Danish ethics committee was not required (retrospective study). RESULTS: Some 529 @entity1 who underwent CME surgery at one centre were compared with 1701 @entity1 undergoing 'conventional' resection at the other three hospitals. Laparoscopic CME was performed in 258 (48  8 per cent) and laparoscopic 'conventional' resection in 1172 (68  9 per cent). More extended right colectomy procedures were done in the CME group (17  4 versus 3  6 per cent). The 90-day mortality rate in the CME group was 6  2 per cent versus 4  9 per cent in the 'conventional' group (P   =   0  219), with a propensity score-adjusted logistic regression odds ratio (OR) of 1  22 (95 per cent c.i. 0  79 to 1  87). Laparoscopic surgery was associated with a lower risk of mortality at 90   days (OR 0  63, 0  42 to 0  95). @entity3816 to other organs was more common in CME operations (9  1 per cent versus 3  6 per cent for 'conventional' resection; P   <   0  001), including more @entity4558 (3  2 versus 1  2 per cent; P   =   0  004) and superior mesenteric vein (1  7 versus 0  2 per cent; P   <   0  001) injuries. Rates of @entity295 with vasopressor requirement (6  6 versus 3  2 per cent; P   =   0  001) and @entity1576 (8  1 versus 3  4 per cent; P   <   0  001) were higher in the CME group. CONCLUSION: CME is associated with more intraoperative organ injuries and severe @entity532 than 'conventional' resection for @entity694 .

title: Short-term outcomes after complete mesocolic excision compared with 'conventional' XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['non-surgical complications']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal Cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic cancer']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['Intraoperative injury']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic cancer']


abstract: 1. The behaviour of the potent vasoconstrictive endothelium-derived peptide @entity2232 was evaluated in salt-sensitive @entity101 . 2. Circulating and urinary @entity2232 levels were evaluated in 30 @entity1 (mean age 44.6 +/- 3.1 years) with uncomplicated essential @entity101 after three consecutive 2-week periods on an intermediate (120 mmol), low (20 mmol) and high (240 mmol) @entity1219 diet. On the same occasions, blood pressure was measured to identify salt-sensitive @entity1 (n = 16), i.e. those @entity1 showing a mean blood pressure increase > 10 mmHg when switching from a low to a high @entity1219 diet, and salt-resistant @entity1 (n = 14), i.e. those who did not show such mean blood-pressure variations. 3. Plasma @entity2232 levels were higher (P < 0.005) in salt-sensitive than in salt-resistant @entity101 @entity1 after intermediate-, low- and high- @entity1219 diets. Urinary @entity2232 excretion was similar in both groups after an intermediate- @entity1219 diet, whereas it was significantly higher in salt-sensitive than in salt-resistant @entity101 subjects after low (P < 0.002) and high (P < 0.007) @entity1219 diets. High @entity1219 intake induced a significant increase in plasma @entity2232 levels (P < 0.002) as compared with intermediate and low @entity1219 diet levels in salt-sensitive @entity1 , but did not in salt-resistant subjects. No significant @entity1219 intake-related variations of urinary @entity2232 excretion were observed in either group. 4. Salt-sensitive @entity101 are characterized by increased levels of @entity2232 in both plasma and urine. This fact suggests that blood-pressure sensitivity to @entity1219 intake could be associated with an increased risk of developing both @entity8 .

title: Elevated plasma and urinary endothelin-I levels in XXXX salt-sensitive @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal and cardiovascular damage']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: 1. Studies on the rate of efflux from the isolated perfused @entity35 heart of plasma albumin conjugated with Evans Blue showed the conjugate to have penetrated extensively the extravascular compartment of the organ during a period of 2 min. This was confirmed by direct analysis of hearts for Evans Blue after perfusion.2. Exposure of the hearts to Evans Blue-albumin conjugate for 8 min in vivo showed no significant penetration of the interstitial space.3. With the isolated preparation inclusion of @entity4489 in the perfusing medium significantly diminished the rate of penetration of the extravascular compartment by the conjugate as did injection of the animals with either reserpine 2 days before, or @entity17268 immediately before the experiment.4. Penetration of the interstitial compartment in vivo could be induced by repeated @entity2063 . This penetration could also be diminished by @entity4489 but was not influenced by @entity8765 . The increased permeability of capillaries to plasma proteins can be readily demonstrated in the whole animal by detecting the leakage from the vasculature of the plasma proteins conjugated with a dye (Menkin _ Menkin, 1930; Miles _ Miles, 1952). Evans Blue, which has been widely used as a vascular marker because of the stability of its conjugate with plasma albumin, is the most suitable dye for this purpose. In the present work this method has been applied to the isolated @entity35 heart, to determine if changes in capillary permeability occur in the perfused tissue. When plasma albumin conjugated with @entity23045 was used as a vascular marker in this preparation, its rate of clearance was very much less than that of erythrocytes, and the amount contained in the heart corresponded to a space approaching that occupied by extracellular markers such as @entity9592 and inulin. It was concluded, therefore, that there was a failure of a considerable number of the cardiac capillaries to retain the plasma albumin, and subsequent work was directed towards the identification of the condition that gives rise to these changes and the possible involvement of a permeability factor.A preliminary account of part of this work was given to the Physiologcal Society (Sutherland _ Young, 1961).

title: Increased permeability of the capillaries of the XXXX heart to plasma albumin with @entity2063 and with perfusion.

entities_list: @entity4489 :: ('MESH:D011398', 'Chemical') :: ['promethazine']

entities_list: @entity2063 :: ('MESH:C537571', 'Disease') :: ['asphyxiation']

entities_list: @entity23045 :: ('MESH:D005070', 'Chemical') :: ['Evans Blue']

entities_list: @entity8765 :: ('MESH:D011738', 'Chemical') :: ['mepyramine maleate']

entities_list: @entity9592 :: ('MESH:D011887', 'Chemical') :: ['raffinose']

entities_list: @entity17268 :: ('MESH:C045166', 'Chemical') :: ['bretylium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: To evaluate the feasibility of @entity12418 plus @entity900 (AP) following chemoradiotherapy for limited-disease @entity151 , chemo-na  ve @entity1 aged 20-70 years with a performance status of 0 or 1 and normal organ functions were treated with @entity2879 100 mg/m(2) on days 1-3, @entity900 80 mg/m(2) on day 1 and concurrent thoracic radiotherapy at 45 Gy/30 fractions (EP-TRT), followed by three cycles of @entity12418 40 mg/m(2) on days 1-3 and @entity900 60 mg/m(2) on day 1 every 3 weeks. The EP-TRT could be completed in 21 @entity1 (15 male and 6 female @entity1 with a median age of 62 years). Of these, 2, 1 and 18 (86%) @entity1 received one, two and three cycles of AP, respectively. Sixteen (76%) @entity1 required @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) support. Grade 3/4 @entity1398 occurred in all @entity1 . Grade 3 @entity1398 was observed in 9 @entity1 , lasting for 1 day in 5 @entity1 . The incidences of grade 3/4 @entity882 and @entity417 were 43 and 24%, respectively. Grade 3 @entity281 and @entity448 occurred in 2 and 3 @entity1 , respectively. The response rate was 95%. The median (95% confidence interval [CI]) progression-free survival (PFS) was 41.9 (0-102) months, and the 5-year PFS rate (CI) was 41.9% (20.4-63.4%). The median overall survival (OS) has not been reached yet, and the 5-year OS rate (CI) was 57.8% (35.2-80.4%). In conclusion, EP-TRT followed by AP therapy was well-tolerated, although a large number of @entity1 required @entity1261 support.

title: Feasibility study of chemoradiotherapy followed by @entity12418 and @entity900 for limited-disease XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12418 :: ('MESH:C055866', 'Chemical') :: ['amrubicin']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte-colony stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small cell lung cancer']


abstract: Bortezomib, @entity2816 and @entity6985 can be aimed at treating @entity1 with newly diagnosed multiple @entity1582 (both eligible and ineligible for transplantation) as well as those with relapsed or refractory disease. This review analysed the available clinical and economic data on these three drugs. Irrespective of which of the three agents is considered, the magnitude of the benefit in newly diagnosed cases (transplanted or non-transplanted) tends to be between 10 and 20 months per @entity1 in terms of progression-free survival or survival; the survival benefit is smaller in relapsed or refractory disease. In addition, a single-institution observational analysis evaluated the outcomes in nearly 3000 consecutive @entity1 examined between 1971 and 2006. The survival in @entity1 diagnosed between 2001 and 2006 was longer than that observed in @entity1 diagnosed between 1994 and 2000. This finding supports the conclusion that novel agents provide a survival improvement compared with traditional therapy. Formal cost-effectiveness studies on these three agents are still lacking. A MEDLINE search retrieved only four short papers or letters and no full-length analysis. Hence, the cost effectiveness of these agents needs further investigation, with separate assessments of the different therapeutic settings. In a simplified analysis, we tried to contrast the average cost of treatment for each of the novel agents versus their respective benefit, expressed in quality-adjusted survival. Despite its preliminary nature, our assessment indicates that the cost effectiveness of these three agents is likely to be within commonly accepted pharmacoeconomic thresholds.

title: The role of bortezomib, XXXX and @entity6985 in the management of multiple @entity1582 : an overview of clinical and economic information.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity6985 :: ('MESH:C467567', 'Chemical') :: ['lenalidomide']

answer: @entity2816 :: (MESH:D013792,Chemical) :: ['thalidomide']


abstract: Several genes that play roles in vacuolar biogenesis and targeting of proteins to vacuoles have been characterized in @entity375 . Although the vacuole is one of the most prominent compartments, little is known about molecular mechanism of vacuolar biogenesis in filamentous fungi. @entity7924 / @entity7924 , a small GTPase of the Rab/Ypt family in @entity375 , plays a vital role in homotypic vacuole fusion. We describe the isolation of the avaA gene from @entity14940 as a homologue of the @entity7924 / @entity7924 . Predicted 205 @entity1522 protein encoded by the avaA showed 67 and 72% identity with @entity375 @entity7924 / @entity7924 and @entity1 @entity27341 , respectively. The avaA disruptants exhibited highly fragmented vacuoles. We introduced mutations into the avaA gene, which alter @entity377 -binding characteristics of the gene products. Replacement of the avaA gene to the @entity3006 -bound form mutant resulted in fragmentation of vacuoles. Overexpression of the @entity3007 -bound form of avaA severely inhibited the hyphal growth and caused abnormal swelling of vacuoles. These results suggest that A. nidulans AvaA functions in the vacuolar biogenesis.

title: Cloning and characterization of a gene (avaA) from XXXX encoding a small GTPase involved in vacuolar biogenesis.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity14940 :: ('162425', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus nidulans']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'S. cerevisiae']

answer: @entity14940 :: (162425,Species) :: ['Aspergillus nidulans']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The treatment of blunt @entity764 is complex and evolving. The aim of this review is to focus on what is new with ventilation for blunt @entity764 as well as an update on the current management strategies for blunt @entity130 and @entity174 . RECENT FINDINGS: Early use of noninvasive ventilation appears to be well tolerated in select hemodynamically stable blunt @entity130 @entity1 . For those @entity1 requiring intubation, airway pressure release ventilation is an excellent mode to decrease the risk of posttraumatic @entity647 . Endovascular repair of blunt @entity764 provides benefit over open repair and, if possible, delayed repair confers a mortality advantage. Despite its increasing use, there continue to be conflicting results about the role of surgical rib fixation for the treatment of flail chest. SUMMARY: Blunt @entity764 are commonly treated in the ICU and a solid knowledge of mechanical ventilation strategies (both noninvasive and invasive) is essential. Blunt @entity764 require early diagnosis and aggressive blood pressure management. Not all such injuries need operative repair but those that do benefit from an endovascular approach. The management of flail chest includes @entity146 multimodal @entity1337 , adequate @entity26 , and ventilatory support. Surgical rib fixation should be considered in select @entity1 .

title: Blunt thoracic XXXX : recent advances and outstanding questions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['rib fractures']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['early aggressive']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic injuries', 'chest trauma', 'thoracic aortic injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['aortic injury', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3927 and a @entity3009 have been used successfully to terminate pregnancy in Europe and China. We report the results of a large U.S. study of @entity3927 and @entity396 in @entity1 with pregnancies of up to nine weeks' duration. METHODS: We administered 600 mg of @entity3927 and then 400 microg of @entity396 two days later to 2121 @entity1 seeking termination of their pregnancies at 17 centers. The @entity1 were observed for four hours after the administration of @entity396 and returned on day 15 for final assessment. RESULTS: Two thousand fifteen @entity1 completed the final assessment. Among them, pregnancy was terminated in 762 of the 827 @entity1 pregnant for < or =49 days (92 percent), 563 of the 678 @entity1 pregnant for 50 to 56 days (83 percent), and 395 of the 510 @entity1 pregnant for 57 to 63 days (77 percent) (P<0.001). Termination occurred within 4 hours after the administration of @entity396 in 49 percent of the @entity1 and within 24 hours in 75 percent. Failures, defined as cases requiring surgical intervention for medical reasons or because the @entity1 requested it, the abortion was incomplete, or the pregnancy was ongoing, increased with increasing duration of pregnancy. The largest increase was in failures representing ongoing pregnancy, which increased from 1 percent in the < or =49-days group to 9 percent in the 57-to-63-days group (P<0.001). @entity490 , @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity294 , and @entity3556 also increased with advancing gestational age. Two percent of the @entity1 in the < or =49-days group, as compared with 4 percent in each of the other two groups, were hospitalized, underwent surgical interventions, and received intravenous fluids (P=0.008). CONCLUSIONS: This @entity3927 - @entity396 regimen is effective in terminating pregnancies, especially in @entity1 with pregnancies of 49 days' duration or less.

title: Early pregnancy termination with XXXX and @entity396 in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['misoprostol']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity3927 :: ('MESH:D015735', 'Chemical') :: ['Mifepristone', 'mifepristone']

answer: @entity3927 :: (MESH:D015735,Chemical) :: ['mifepristone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies describing long-term continuous care of outpatients with @entity161 are relatively scarce. The prospective European @entity161 Outpatient Health Outcomes study (SOHO) provides data on a cohort of @entity161 @entity1 over a period of three years. METHODS: Prospective, long-term, observational study including outpatients who initiate therapy or change to a new antipsychotic. The study was designed to provide two @entity1 groups of approximately equal size: treated either with @entity1037 or a non- @entity1037 antipsychotic. Sociodemographic, clinical and disease characteristics at baseline were described. Clinical severity of symptoms was assessed at each visit using the Clinical Global Impression scale (CGI). Treatment outcomes were analyzed as treatment discontinuation, remission and relapse rates. RESULTS: French results are presented in this report. Nine hundred and thirty-three @entity1 (62% males) were recruited between March and December 2001. The mean age was 37.1+/-11.5 years. The mean time since first consultation for @entity161 was 8.0+/-9.3 years. At study baseline, one quarter had paid employment, less than one third had a spouse or partner and more than half of them had an independent housing. Thirty percent of @entity1 reported a previous suicide attempt. The mean CGI was 4.5+/-1.0 at admission. Overall, medication discontinuation for any cause occurred for 42% of @entity1 . A remission (defined by a CGI<or=3 maintained for 6 months, without hospitalization) was obtained in 63% of @entity1 , 49% of @entity1 relapsed (defined as hospitalization or CGI increase reaching 4 or more) during the three-year follow-up period. A suicide attempt occurred in 60 @entity1 (cumulative proportion 7%). CONCLUSIONS: The clinical findings of the French cohort of @entity1 confirmed the high burden of the disease. Identification of risk factors for discontinuation of treatment should provide a better individualization of @entity1 care and a better impact on the different domains of effectiveness.

title: [The European @entity161 Outpatient Health Outcomes Study: observational study over 36 months of the French cohort of XXXX outpatients treated with antipsychotics].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic', 'Schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenic']


abstract: @entity5138 (PV)-positive fast-spiking cells in the neocortex are known to generate gamma oscillations by mutual chemical and electrical connections. Recent findings suggest that this rhythm might be responsible for higher-order brain functions, and related to @entity146 . To elucidate the precise structural rules of the connections of PV neurons, we first produced genetic tools. Using a lentiviral expression system, we developed neuron-specific promoters and a new reporter protein that labels the somatodendritic membrane of neurons. We applied the reporter protein to the generation of @entity19 , and succeeded in visualizing the dendrites and cell bodies of PV neurons efficiently. Then we analyzed excitatory and inhibitory inputs to PV neurons in the primary somatosensory cortex using the @entity19 . Corticocortical glutamatergic inputs were more frequently found on the distal dendrites than on the soma, whereas thalamocortical inputs did not differ between the proximal and distal portions. Corticocortical inhibitory inputs were more densely distributed on the soma than on the dendrites. We further investigated which types of neocortical GABAergic neurons preferred the PV soma over their dendrites. We revealed that the somatic and dendritic compartments principally received GABAergic inputs from @entity9620 ( @entity9620 )-positive and PV neurons, respectively. This compartmental organization suggests that PV neurons communicate with each other mainly via the dendrites, and that their activity is effectively controlled by the somatic inputs of @entity9620 neurons. These findings provide new insights into the neuronal circuits involving PV neurons, and contribute to a better understanding of brain functions and @entity146 .

title: Compartmental organization of synaptic inputs to XXXX -expressing GABAergic neurons in @entity19 primary somatosensory cortex.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity9620 :: ('22353(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['VIP', 'vasoactive intestinal polypeptide']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'psychiatric disorders']

answer: @entity5138 :: (19293(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['parvalbumin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Activation of @entity1110 oxidase (PHOX) plays a critical role in mediating dopaminergic neuroinflammation. In the present study, we investigated the role of PHOX in @entity888 (MA)-induced @entity2359 and inflammatory changes in @entity19 . METHODS: We examined changes in mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), mitochondrial function [i.e., mitochondrial membrane potential, intramitochondrial @entity141 accumulation, mitochondrial oxidative burdens, mitochondrial @entity224 dismutase expression, and mitochondrial translocation of the cleaved form of protein kinase C delta type (cleaved PKC  )], microglial activity, and pro-apoptotic changes [i.e., cytosolic cytochrome c release, cleaved caspase 3, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUDP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) positive populations] after a @entity2359 dose of MA in the striatum of @entity19 to achieve a better understanding of the effects of @entity12824 , a non-specific PHOX inhibitor, or genetic inhibition of @entity19994 (by using @entity19994 knockout @entity19 or @entity19994 antisense oligonucleotide) against MA-induced dopaminergic @entity2359 . RESULTS: Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases ( @entity8837 ) was most pronounced out of MAPKs after MA. We observed MA-induced phosphorylation and membrane translocation of @entity19994 in the striatum of @entity19 . The activation of @entity19994 promoted mitochondrial stresses followed by microglial activation into the M1 phenotype, and pro-apoptotic changes, and led to @entity73 . @entity13436 activated these signaling pathways. @entity12824 or genetic inhibition of @entity19994 significantly protected these signaling processes induced by MA. @entity13436 inhibitor @entity5732 did not exhibit any additional positive effects against protective activity mediated by @entity12824 or @entity19994 genetic inhibition, suggesting that @entity13436 regulates @entity14099 phox activation, and @entity13436 constitutes the crucial target for @entity12824 -mediated inhibition of PHOX activation. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the neuroprotective mechanism of @entity12824 against MA insult is via preventing mitochondrial burdens, microglial activation, and pro-apoptotic signaling process by the @entity13436 -dependent activation of @entity19994 .

title: @entity12824 prevents mitochondrial burdens, microglial activation, and pro-apoptosis induced by a toxic dose of @entity888 in the striatum of @entity19 via inhibition of @entity14099 phox activation by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12824 :: ('MESH:C056165', 'Chemical') :: ['Apocynin', 'apocynin']

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['dopaminergic impairments']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity', 'neurotoxic']

answer: @entity13436 :: (26413(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['ERK']


abstract: Pulmonary @entity101 @entity1 have been found to have greater morbidity and mortality from isolated @entity1757 closure than those pulmonary non- @entity101 @entity1 . In this study, the author evaluated the relation between pulmonary artery muscularity and pulmonary artery pressure and resistance and compared the haemodynamic effects between normal and raised pulmonary artery pressure groups in isolated @entity1757 . The @entity1 were divided into two groups, group-I (n = 14): pulmonary artery pressure of 50 mmHg or less than 50 mmHg, and group-II (n = 6): pulmonary artery pressure more than 50 mmHg. The group-II @entity1 were further studied during cardiac catheterization by inhaling 100% @entity26 for 15 minutes to detect any @entity551 . The @entity1 whose pulmonary artery pressure did not drop were considered to have operative intervention after lung biopsy. The mean pulmonary artery pressure, right ventricular pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance in group-I and group-II were 26.9 +/- 7.0 mmHg, 44.0 +/- 2.5 mmHg, 2.2 +/- 0.6 units/m2 vs 84.2 +/- 20.7 mmHg, 100.5 +/- 7.0 mmHg, 10.0 +/- 0.9 units/m2, respectively (p < 0.001). The left to right shunt flow in group-I and group-II was 50.6 +/- 6.0% vs 44.0 +/- 8.6%, respectively and was not significantly different (p < 0.1). In the operated group (n = 17), pulmonary artery pressures ranged 20-110 mmHg, size of the @entity1757 7.5-11.5 mm, and pulmonary vascular resistance 1.7-8.2 units/m2. In isolated @entity1757 , when the pulmonary vascular change was reversible, there was a positive correlation both between the @entity1757 size and the level of pulmonary arterial pressure (r = 0.94, p < 0.001) and between the pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance (r = 0.95, p < 0.001). Lung biopsy (n = 9) showed grade I Heath-Edward change in 6 cases (66.6%), grade II change in 1 case (11.1%), and grade III in 2 cases (22.2%). From these findings, when pulmonary vascular resistance is 8 units/m2 or more, operative indication should be determined on the basis of lung biopsy. Not only the gradings of pulmonary vascular changes, but the extent of vascular involvement and the duration of the lung exposure to the shunt anomally also need to be considered before surgery.

title: Haemodynamic correlation with lung biopsy findings in isolated XXXX with or without pulmonary hypertension.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['fall in pulmonary artery pressure']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['ventricular septal defect']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of @entity6383 treatment on @entity650 ( @entity650 ), hyaluronic acid (HA), and soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL2R) concentrations in the saliva and serum of @entity1 with primary @entity244 ( @entity244 ). METHODS: Fourteen @entity244 @entity1 treated with @entity6383 200 mg/day for 12 months were investigated in an open prospective study. Clinical parameters of efficacy and routine biochemical and haematological data to assess drug safety and tolerability were determined every three months. Salivary and serum @entity650 , sIL2R, and HA values were determined at study entry, 6 and 12 months, using ELISA and radiometric assays. RESULTS: After @entity6383 treatment, salivary @entity650 concentrations decreased from 13.2 (1.2) to 7.3 (1.1) pg/ml (mean (SEM)) (p < 0.0001). Similarly, salivary HA concentrations were also reduced from 577.8 (120) to 200 (34) ng/ml (mean (SEM) (p < 0.003). Serum @entity650 concentrations decreased from 5.4 (0.6) to 2.9 (0.2) pg/ml (mean (SEM) (p < 0.001), while serum HA concentrations remained unchanged. No change has been detected in salivary or serum sIL2R concentrations after 12 months of treatment with @entity6383 . Treatment also resulted in significant reduction in erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum gamma globulin, and @entity1851 values while only partial clinical improvement was noted in some @entity1 . A more pronounced decrease of salivary @entity650 and HA levels was found in the two @entity1 in whom a reduction in the swelling of the parotid gland was noted. CONCLUSION: In this open label study of @entity6383 treatment for @entity244 a significant reduction of some salivary inflammatory markers was seen at the end of 12 months. Although during the treatment period only a partial clinical effect could be noted, the findings suggest that a double blind controlled study of @entity6383 in @entity244 is indicated.

title: @entity6383 treatment for primary XXXX : its effect on salivary and serum inflammatory markers.

entities_list: @entity6383 :: ('MESH:D006886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxychloroquine']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Sj  gren's syndrome", 'SS']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C reactive protein']

answer: @entity244 :: (MESH:D014899,Disease) :: ['Sj  gren's syndrome']


abstract: A recent meta-analysis and randomized studies have demonstrated that combined chemoradiotherapy is associated with a survival advantage for selected @entity1 with locally advanced unresectable @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). We conducted a phase II study of combined chemoradiotherapy to find a more effective combination of drugs and radiation than those previously reported for such @entity1 . Between January 1994 and November 1996, 50 previously untreated @entity1 with locally advanced unresectable @entity1149 (stage IIIA with N2 or IIIB disease) were entered in this study. @entity1 were required to have Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status < or = 2, age < or = 75 years and adequate organ function. Treatment consisted of three cycles of @entity900 (20 mg m(-2), days 1-5) and @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) (500 mg m(-2), days 1-5) every 4 weeks, and concurrent hyperfractionated @entity1514 radiation (1.25 Gy twice daily, with a 6-h interfraction interval; total radiation dose, 62.5-70 Gy). Of the 50 @entity1 entered, 37 (74%) responded to this chemoradiotherapy, including two (4%) with complete response. By a median follow-up time of 41.0 months, 35 @entity1 had died and 15 were still alive. The median time to progression for responding @entity1 was 14.1 months (range, 2.6-51.3+ months). The median survival time was 18.7 months, with a survival rate of 66.0% at 1 year, 46.0% at 2 years and 27.6% at 3 years. Survival outcome was strongly affected by the extent of nodal involvement (median survival time, 27.4 months for N0-2 disease (n = 37) vs 10.7 months for N3 disease (n = 13); P = 0.007). The major @entity137 of treatment were @entity1431 and @entity1398 (> or = Grade 3, 58% and 60% respectively). Other @entity137 of > or = Grade 3 included @entity882 (26%), @entity417 (26%), @entity1209 (16%) and @entity1161 (6%). Treatment-related @entity204 occurred for one @entity1 . Our findings suggest that @entity900 and @entity1487 in combination with concurrent hyperfractionated @entity1514 radiation is effective and feasible for the treatment of locally advanced unresectable @entity1149 . The short-term survival in this study appeared to be more encouraging than those of similar chemoradiation trials. A randomized trial will be needed to compare the combination of @entity900 and @entity1487 with other @entity902 -based regimens together with concurrent hyperfractionated @entity1514 radiation. In addition, in future studies, inclusion criteria for N3 disease with or without supraclavicular involvement should be reconsidered to correctly evaluate the effect of combined chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced unresectable @entity1149 .

title: A phase II study of @entity900 and XXXX with concurrent hyperfractionated @entity1514 radiation for locally advanced @entity1149 : a preliminary report from the Okayama Lung Cancer Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation oesophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea/vomiting']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: @entity2718 is the main cause of antibiotic-associated @entity294 and @entity8307 in @entity1 and animals. Its pathogenicity is primarily linked to the secretion of two exotoxins (TcdA and TcdB). Although great progress in the toxic mechanism of TcdA and TcdB has been achieved, there are many conflicting reports about the apoptotic mechanism. More importantly, apoptotic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been reported in cells treated with Shiga toxins-another kind of cytotoxins that can cause @entity294 and @entity1960 . Herein we checked whether TcdB can induce ER stress. The results showed that recombinant TcdB (rTcdB) activated molecular markers of unfolded protein response, suggesting that rTcdB induced ER stress in CT26 cells. However, rTcdB did not induce the up-regulation of @entity13841 ( @entity13841 ), a classic mediator of apoptotic ER stress, but it activated the precursor of @entity462 aspartic acid-specific protease 12 (caspase-12), a controversial mediator of apoptotic ER stress. Besides, glucosyltransferase activity-deficient mutant recombinant TcdB induced ER stress, though it has no cytotoxic or cytopathic effect on CT26 cells. Altogether, these data demonstrated that ER stress induced by rTcdB is glucosyltransferase-independent, indicating that ER stress induced by rTcdB is non-apoptotic. This work also offers us a new insight into the molecular mechanism of @entity13841 protein expression regulation and the role of @entity13841 expression in ER stress.

title: Recombinant XXXX toxin B induces endoplasmic reticulum stress in mouse colonal carcinoma cells.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity13841 :: ('13198(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['CHOP', 'C/EBP homologous protein']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity8307 :: ('MESH:D004761', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomembranous colitis']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium difficile']

answer: @entity2718 :: (1496,Species) :: ['Clostridium difficile']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Products cryopreserved with @entity3733 ( @entity3733 ) in @entity8 ( @entity8 ) often cause many adverse effects during their infusion (major cardiovascular events, @entity1353     even @entity204 ). These are especially frequent in pediatric @entity1 . We tested if a fully automated and closed wash procedure (Sepax S-100, Biosafe) allowed us to maintain the absolute @entity2280 + cell number, cell viability, and engraftment potential, decreasing the untoward reactions. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Forty-six washes of @entity3733 cryopreserved peripheral blood @entity1583 ( @entity1583 ) apheresis were studied. Blood aliquots were taken both after thawing and after washing to assess the total nucleated and @entity2280 + cell counts, as well as cell viability. The washed products were infused in 26 autologous SCTs (ASCTs). Results were compared with the 53 previous SCTs performed without @entity3733 removal. RESULTS: After washing there were no significant differences between the pre- and postwashing @entity2280 + cell counts (p=0.08) or viability (p=0.68). No significant differences were observed between washed and nonwashed infusions in relation to the day of the neutrophil (p=0.46) and platelet (p=0.26) engraftment. One adverse event, @entity490 , occurred during the washed cells infusions. When compared with the 14 untoward reactions that took place during the nonwashed @entity1583 infusions, significance was reached (p=0.00043). CONCLUSIONS: The automatic method described is effective in terms of @entity2280 + cell recovery and viability in ASCT. Moreover, Sepax decreased significantly the untoward reactions during the infusion.

title: An automatic wash method for XXXX removal in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation decreases the adverse effects related to infusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['SCT', 'stem cell transplant']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulfoxide', 'DMSO']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic progenitor', 'HP']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity3733 :: (MESH:D004121,Chemical) :: ['dimethyl sulfoxide']


abstract: Intravesical instillation of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is the treatment of choice for non-muscle-invasive @entity150 (NMIBC) of high grade and/or @entity189 in situ. This study evaluated the feasibility, efficacy, and tolerance of BCG instillations in eight kidney recipients for end-stage aristolochic acid @entity8 (AAN), a condition at high risk of @entity189 , and diagnosed for NMIBC. Five of them had relapsed after mitomycin C treatment. Tolerance to BCG was evaluated clinically and regular follow-up with fluorescence cystoscopy was performed along with renal graft function monitoring. Immunosuppression doses were adjusted and prophylactic anti-tuberculous treatment given to reduce risks of graft rejection and infection. After a mean follow-up period of 50  months, seven of the eight @entity1 are free of relapse and kidney graft function remained unchanged. Tolerance was good, except for one episode of @entity221 and one early discontinuation because of subjective discomfort. No @entity281 was observed. This is the first clinical observation of successful BCG therapy for NMIBC in @entity1 given transplant for end-stage AAN. Under standardized conditions, immunotherapy based on intravesical BCG is feasible, effective, and well tolerated in renal transplantation.

title: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy in non-muscle-invasive XXXX after renal transplantation for end-stage aristolochic acid @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['systemic tuberculous infection']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although primary care physicians (PCPs) are often responsible for the routine care of older adults with @entity740 ( @entity740 ), there is a paucity of evidence regarding their perspectives and practice of conservative (non-dialysis) care. We undertook a qualitative study to describe barriers, facilitators and strategies to enhance conservative, non-dialysis, @entity740 care by PCPs in the community. METHODS: Semi-structured telephone and face-to-face interviews were conducted with PCPs from Alberta, Canada. @entity1 were identified using a snowball sampling strategy and purposively sampled based on sex, age and rural/urban location of clinical practice. Eligible @entity1 had managed at least one @entity1 >= 75 years with Stage 5 @entity740 (estimated glomerular filtration rate <15 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2), not on dialysis) in the prior year. @entity1 recruitment ceased when data saturation was reached. Transcripts were analyzed thematically using conventional content analysis. RESULTS: In total, 27 PCPs were interviewed. The majority were male (15/27), were aged 40-60 years (15/27) and had practiced in primary care for >20 years (14/27). Perceived barriers to conservative @entity740 care included: managing expectations of @entity177 for @entity1 and their families; dealing with the complexity of medical management of @entity1 requiring conservative care; and challenges associated with managing @entity1 jointly with specialists. Factors that facilitated conservative @entity740 care included: establishing @entity1 /family expectations early; preserving continuity of care; and utilizing a multidisciplinary team approach. Suggested strategies for improving conservative care included having: direct telephone access to clinicians familiar with conservative care; treatment decision aids for @entity1 and their families; and a conservative care clinical pathway to guide management. CONCLUSIONS: PCPs identified important barriers and facilitators to conservative care for their older @entity1 with Stage 5 @entity740 . Further investigation of potential strategies that address barriers and enable facilitators is required to improve the quality of conservative care for older adults in the community.

title: Primary care physicians' perceived barriers, facilitators and strategies to enhance conservative care for older adults with XXXX : a qualitative descriptive study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participant', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['kidney failure']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic kidney disease']


abstract: Relapses of @entity1985 are usually treated with @entity617 , initially in three to four daily divided doses. The divided-dose regimen may cause poor @entity1 compliance and greater adrenal suppression. In a prospective randomized controlled trial, we compared the efficacy of @entity617 in inducing remission of @entity1985 , when given either as a single dose or in divided doses. @entity1 with steroid-responsive @entity1985 with relapse were randomized to receive @entity617 2 mg/kg per day, either as a single morning dose or in three divided doses for 2 weeks, followed by 1.5 mg/kg on every alternate day for 4 weeks. Parents tested the urine for protein daily until remission (nil @entity644 for 3 consecutive days). The duration between initiation of treatment and achievement of remission was recorded. Of 106 @entity1 , 94 (47 each in single-dose and divided-dose groups) completed the study. The @entity1 in the two groups were similar in relation to age, sex, number of relapses in the preceding year, and blood levels of @entity1011 , albumin, and @entity165 . The mean time for achievement of remission in the single- and divided-dose groups was 8.6 and 8.5 days, respectively (P = 0.94, power 96%). After 9 months' follow-up, there were no differences in the frequency of relapses and cumulative dose of @entity617 received in the two groups. The observations suggest that @entity617 administered in a single daily dose or in divided doses is equally effective in inducing remission in @entity1 with relapsing @entity1985 .

title: Single- versus divided-dose @entity617 therapy for relapses of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity1985 :: (MESH:D009404,Disease) :: ['nephrotic syndrome']


abstract: Sporadic @entity1204 can be divided into two biologically and clinically distinctive subtypes of which one is @entity172 -related (type I), the other @entity172 -unrelated (type II). @entity189 occur at younger age, express @entity172 (ER) and @entity1420 receptors (PR), are frequently associated with @entity1869 and show a good prognosis. @entity189 occur at older age, are negative for ER and PR, arise in the background of atrophic endometrium and show poor prognosis. Histologically, @entity4348 correspond to @entity189 whereas @entity189 is the prototype of @entity189 . @entity4348 are significantly different with respect to their molecular changes. @entity4348 frequently show @entity124 ( @entity124 ), @entity983 and @entity984 mutation but infrequently @entity876 mutations, loss of @entity986 expression and @entity1722 /neu amplification, respectively. In contrast, @entity189 show a high frequency of @entity876 mutations and often loss of @entity986 expression whereas @entity124 and @entity983 and @entity984 mutations are uncommon. @entity1204 associated with HNPCC occur about two decades earlier than @entity5 , show endometrioid histology and are frequently @entity124 positiv due to germline mutations of mismatch repair genes (mostly @entity6756 and @entity4311 ). During the progression of @entity4348 @entity983 mutations and @entity124 are considered early changes since they are present in a high frequency in @entity1869 whereas @entity876 mutations, loss of @entity986 expression and @entity1722 /neu amplification are considered late events since they are predominantly found in poorly differentiated @entity5 . In contrast, @entity876 mutations are considered an early event in the pathogenesis of @entity189 occurring already in its putative precursor @entity1204 ( @entity1204 ). The future research will focus, besides the discovery of new relevant genes, on the interaction of known genes as well as their clinical relevance.

title: [Dualistic model of molecular pathogenesis in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['Familial endometrial carcinoma', 'EIC', 'endometrial carcinoma', 'endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['microsatellite instability', 'MIN']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic carcinomas', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['serous carcinoma', 'Type II carcinomas', 'Type I carcinomas', 'serous carcinomas', 'type II carcinomas', 'type I carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['atypical endometrial hyperplasia', 'endometrial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['Endometrioid carcinomas', 'Endometrioid and serous carcinomas', 'endometrioid carcinomas', 'endometrioid carcinoma']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial carcinoma']


abstract: In black Africa, and particularly in Togo, management of thyreotoxicosis is not simple. The intervention of several specialists and effective @entity1 collaboration is needed. In a majority of cases, the @entity1 's apprehensions, financial problems, and taboos prevent correct management. We report 30 cases of thyreotoxicosis in 82 @entity1 with @entity1374 seen over a 5-year period in the Internal Medicine and Cardiology Department of the Lom   teaching hospitals. @entity2743 was the most frequent (83.33%), followed by @entity1376 (10%) and toxic nodule (6.67%). Diagnosis was strictly clinical in 53.33% of the cases. The main complication was cardiothyreosis in 46.67% of the @entity1 . Drug treatment was used. Short-term results (4 - 6 weeks) was favorable in 96.67% of the cases. A percentage (65.41%) were lost to follow-up after discharge. The @entity73 encountered for the management of thyreotoxicosis was financial and economical difficulties not specific to the disease. Other problems included the lack of diagnostic and therapeutic means and insufficient cooperation between the surgeon, the cardiologist and the endocrinologist.

title: [Problems in the management of XXXX in Black Africa: the Tongolese experience].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['main impairment']

entities_list: @entity1376 :: ('MESH:C564546', 'Disease') :: ['multinodular goiter']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease']

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['thyrotoxicosis']


abstract: Renal biopsy of 32 @entity1 who developed @entity8 after treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were studied. The treatment with NSAIDs in these cases was used for many reasons such as: headaches, toothaches, dysmenorrea, @entity6995 , @entity625 and @entity1729 . The renal function of these @entity1 , before the treatment with NSAIDs was normal. The renal biopsies were studied by light, electron and immunofluorescence microscopy. In 32 cases treated with NSAIDs renal changes were shown. There types of morphological changes were found: @entity631 ( @entity631 )(5 cases), acute tubulo-interstitial diseases (ATID)(8 cases) and @entity1987 with @entity1986 (LN)(19 cases). @entity631 and ATID possibly represent a hypersensitive reaction of predominantly humoral ( @entity631 ) or cellular (ATID) mechanisms. These types of reaction are also seen to occur with the use of various drugs (most commonly with @entity114 type antibiotics). LN on the other hand is rarely, if ever, seen with any drugs but NSAIDs and therefore seems to be a characteristic change for NSAIDs and possibly related to the inhibition of renal prostaglandin synthesis by NSAIDs. NSAIDs-associated @entity8 is mainly observed in @entity1 of an increased use of NSAIDs with ineffective circulatory plasma volume (advanced age, @entity65 , overweight and @entity3485 of various causes).

title: NSAIDs associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6995 :: ('MESH:D055034', 'Disease') :: ['osteochondrosis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal complications', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['lipoid nephrosis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['polyarthritis']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemia']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['tubulo-interstitial nephritis']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['focal glomerulonephritis with crescents', 'FGN']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['nephropathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The lung is relatively sensitive to irradiation. It is shown that @entity117 ( @entity7943 ) might reduce oxidative injury and that it has a place in protection from @entity5 . The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential radioprotective effects of @entity7943 . Whole-body irradiation (6  Gy, single dose) was applied to the @entity35 . @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ), @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ), @entity1589 ( @entity1589 ), and @entity842 (NO) levels in the lung tissue were measured. Control (C), Radiation (R), Radiation   +   @entity7943 (R   +   @entity7943 ; received irradiation and 25  mg/kg of @entity7943 intraperitoneally (i.p.)), and Radiation   +   @entity8503 (R   +   @entity8503 ; received irradiation and 200  mg/kg of @entity8503  i.p.) groups were used. The @entity1589 levels decreased statistically significantly in the group administered @entity7943 . Histopathologically, a radioprotective effect of @entity7943 was more evident in the R   +   @entity7943 group. @entity7943 is an agent which has not been used as a radioprotector in the clinic yet, and it is worth supporting with more advanced studies.

title: Inhibition of Radiation-Induced Oxidative Damage in the Lung Tissue: May XXXX Have a Positive Role?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['Acetylsalicylic Acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity556 induces endothelial barrier failure by activating the contractile machinery of endothelial cells. Contractile activation is due to an increase in @entity3097 ( @entity3097 ) phosphorylation. Here, it was investigated whether stimulation of endothelial cells with @entity855 can interrupt this @entity556 -induced pathomechanism. METHODS: In cultured @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells, cytosolic @entity460 [ @entity141 ](i) ( @entity593 method), phosphorylation of @entity3097 , isometric tension and permeability for albumin were studied. RESULTS: @entity556 (0.2 U/ml) increased [ @entity141 ](i) from a basal level of 78+/-8 to 570+/-63 nM (mean+/-S.D., n=5, P<0.05), @entity3097 phosphorylation from 71+/-7 to 163+/-18%, isometric tension from 157+/-17 to 232+/-26 microN, and permeability from 2.8+/-0.4 to 11.6+/-1 x 10(-6) cm/s. Co-presence of @entity855 (10 microM) and @entity556 did not alter the [ @entity141 ](i) rise, but reduced @entity3097 phosphorylation to 59.8+/-10%, isometric tension to 174+/-14 microN, and permeability to 5.4+/-0.6 x 10(-6) cm/s. The @entity556 -induced rise in @entity3097 phosphorylation was sensitive to reduction of [ @entity141 ](i) It was accompanied by an increase in Rho activation, and was inhibited by @entity12223 (10 microM), a Rho-kinase blocker. The @entity855 -induced decrease in @entity3097 phosphorylation was not sensitive to [ @entity141 ](i). It was not accompanied by changes in @entity3547 activation, and could not by suppressed by @entity12223 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity855 antagonizes the @entity141 - and Rho-dependent effects of @entity556 on @entity3097 phosphorylation most likely by a @entity141 - and Rho-independent activation of @entity3097 phosphatase. It thereby functionally antagonizes the @entity556 -induced increase in monolayer tension and permeability.

title: @entity855 antagonism of XXXX -induced endothelial barrier permeability.

entities_list: @entity556 :: ('2147', 'Gene') :: ['Thrombin', 'thrombin']

entities_list: @entity3097 :: ('23209', 'Gene') :: ['MLC', 'myosin light chain']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity556 :: (2147,Gene) :: ['thrombin']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of treatment with @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ), by itself or combined with other non-biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) ( @entity1499 , @entity1500 with @entity617 , @entity1500 with @entity6963 , @entity1500 with @entity503 , and @entity1500 with @entity3378 ) on clinimetric outcomes in a retrospective cohort with a 6-month follow-up and under a Treat to Target (T2T) approach. @entity1 in treatment with conventional DMARDs and classified as moderate disease activity (MDA) and high disease activity (HDA) were included. Changes in disease activity score (DAS28), health assessment questionnaire (HAQ), tender joint count (TJC), and swollen joint count (SJC) are compared using the Wilcoxon nonparametric test for paired data. Hypothesis contrasts were raised in order to look for differences between the different exposure groups and the outcomes defined by means of the Kruskal-Wallis (KW) nonparametric test. Follow-up was documented in 307 @entity1 , including 250 (81.4  %) @entity1 . At the onset, 243 subjects (79.2  %) were classified as @entity1865 and 64 (20.9  %) in HDA. A total of 247 subjects (80.4  %) presented some degree of improvement, with 156 subjects (51  %) entering remission, which is a significant number (p value   =   0.047). There were no differences in the level of severity between the treatment groups (p   =   0.98). This study, developed in a cohort of @entity1 with @entity309 with moderate or severe disease activity who were treated with @entity1500 by itself or combined with other non-biological DMARDs under T2T strategy, showed a decrease in the severity of disease activity in 80  % of @entity1 . The difference between monotherapy ( @entity1500 ) and the combinations with other non-biological DMARDs could not be established.

title: Treatment of @entity309 with XXXX alone and in combination with other conventional DMARDs using the T2T strategy. A cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6963 :: ('MESH:C045463', 'Chemical') :: ['leflunomide']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfasalazine']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 is a common and @entity66 , especially in developing countries. We developed and implemented an interactive, tablet-based educational intervention to improve @entity5 knowledge among @entity1 in rural Malawi. Chichewa-speaking adult @entity1 in six rural villages participated. Each @entity1 took a pretest, participated in the lesson, and then took a posttest. The lesson included information on @entity5 symptoms, causes, risk factors, prevention, and treatment. Over the 6-month study period, 243 @entity1 participated. @entity1 ranged in age from 18 to 77  years. Only 15  % had education beyond primary school. Nearly half of @entity1 (48  %) had heard of @entity5 prior to viewing the lesson. For these @entity1 , the median number of correct responses on the pretest was 11 out of 20; after the lesson, they had a median of 18 correct responses (p   <   0.001). After the intervention, 93  % of @entity1 indicated a desire for @entity5 screening. Despite lack of familiarity with computers (96  %), most @entity1 (94  %) found the tablet easy to use. A tablet-based educational program was an effective, feasible, and acceptable strategy to disseminate @entity5 information to @entity1 with low education in rural Malawi. This method may be appropriate to distribute health information about other health topics in low-resource settings.

title: Assessing the Acceptability, Feasibility, and Effectiveness of a Tablet-Based XXXX Educational Intervention.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer', 'Cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'woman', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['deadly disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cervical Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: A single institute trial of combination chemotherapy, with @entity1311 and @entity900 , in @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 , having failed previous combination chemotherapy, was performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 were only eligible for this study if there disease had progressed, following treatment with previous chemotherapy, in either an adjuvant or a metastatic setting. @entity1311 175 mg/m2 was administered as a 3-hour continuous infusion on day 1, and @entity900 80 mg/m2 was administered for 2 hours on day 2, with adequate hydration. This was repeated every 3 weeks, and continued until one of the following events occurred: disease progression, unacceptable adverse effect or treatment refusal by the @entity1 . Intercurrent palliative radiotherapy, or concurrent hormonal therapy, was permitted, depending on each @entity1 's status. All the endpoints were evaluated under the principle of intention to treat analysis. RESULTS: A total of 24 @entity1 entered the study, and 18 had at least one measurable lesion, but 6 did not. The objective response rate of the 18 @entity1 was 50%(9/18). Two were complete responses and seven showed partial responses. The median response duration, progression free and overall survival were 5.3 months (range, 4~18), 6 months (95% CI, 5~7) and 12 months (95% CI, 7~17), respectively. 67% of the planned dose was administered. Out of a total 135 cycles administered, about 20% of cycles showed grade 3 or 4 @entity1431 and 7% showed grade 3 @entity882 . Two @entity1 suffered from @entity55 , and one experienced @entity221 . @entity33 , greater than grade 3, existed in three cases. No treatment related @entity204 were reported. CONCLUSION: The combination chemotherapy, with @entity1311 and @entity900 , was active in the treatment of metastatic @entity0 @entity1 having failed previous chemotherapy.

title: XXXX and @entity900 Combination Chemotherapy in Pretreated @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['Mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['Paclitaxel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term consequences of cancer treatments in young @entity1 , and especially fertility issues, are gaining attention as survival rates increase. @entity0 is the most frequent @entity5 in @entity1 of reproductive age. AIM: The purpose of this review is to describe serum anti-m  llerian hormone ( @entity248 ) level at diagnosis and its evolution during and after chemotherapy in @entity1 of reproductive age treated for @entity0 . Second, the impact of @entity6023 on @entity248 , the association between @entity248 and @entity2588 , and the comparison of @entity248 with other hormonal markers of ovarian reserve were studied. METHODS: A systematic PubMed search was conducted on all articles, published up to April 2016 and related to @entity248 in @entity1 suffering from @entity0 using the following key words: @entity248 , m  llerian-inhibiting substance, @entity2670 , @entity0 , gonadotoxicity, @entity2670 , @entity2588 , chemotherapy, and menopause. RESULTS: @entity248 levels rapidly fall down to undetectable levels in most @entity1 during chemotherapy and generally persist at very low levels in most @entity1 after the treatment. Taxanes seem to impact negatively ovarian function, but data on ovarian reserve are scarce. @entity248 is a predictor of the occurrence of chemotherapy-related @entity2588 and is the most relevant hormonal marker of ovarian reserve. CONCLUSION: Serum @entity248 is a relevant tool for ovarian reserve assessment and follow-up during treatment in premenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 . Further large prospective studies are necessary to determine its predictive interest for post-treatment residual fertility, and eventually use it in fertility preservation counseling before treatment initiation.

title: Anti-m  llerian hormone levels and evolution in @entity1 of reproductive age with XXXX treated with chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian toxicity', 'ovarian reserve, ovarian function']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The effects of various concentrations of @entity2827 solutions (0.1%-3%) and different temperatures (4, 10, 20, 30 and 37 degrees C) on survival of @entity2114 were investigated. It was found that at temperatures between 4 degrees C and 20 degrees C, @entity2114 organisms survived in salt solutions up to 3% @entity1219 . Only the combination of high temperatures, i.e. 30 degrees C and 37 degrees C, with @entity1219 concentrations over 1.5%, reduced cell numbers significantly. It was interesting to note that the addition of small amounts of @entity1219 (0.1%-0.5%) enhanced survival of Leg. pneumophila, suggesting a protective effect of @entity1219 . In order to obtain information about conditions encountered in the environment, the survival experiments were repeated in sterile sea water from the Baltic Sea and the North Sea. The marked bacterial die-off, especially at higher temperatures, was not observed in natural sea water. All these results indicate that Leg. pneumophila can survive in the marine environment.

title: Effect of salt concentration and temperature on survival of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity2114 :: ('446', 'Species') :: ['Legionella', 'Legionella pneumophila']

answer: @entity2114 :: (446,Species) :: ['Legionella pneumophila']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lower case fatality and increased use of evidence-based invasive management incl. coronary angiography (CAG) have been reported for @entity1 admitted with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) in the last 25 years. This article seeks to investigate whether these advances have benefitted @entity1 in all socio-economic groups and how this has impacted on inequality in case fatality. METHODS: Forty three thousand eight hundred and forty three @entity1 admitted with @entity583 in the period from 2001 to 2009 were included. Socio-economic position was measured using individual information on education. Age-standardized cumulative incidence of CAG within 1, 3 and 30 days along with age-standardized case fatality within 30 and 365 days were estimated. Cox regression models were used to model the relative inequality over time. RESULTS: Use of CAG within 1, 3 and 30 days increased for all educational groups over time and the inequality in CAG within 1 and 3 days seen in the beginning of the time frame was eliminated. Case fatality decreased in all educational groups and the relative inequality in 30 days case fatality decreased for @entity1 but not 365 days case fatality. No change was seen for inequality in case fatality for @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Increased use of CAG within the evidence based time frame was observed along with a decrease in inequality. However, a reduction in inequality was only observed for short term case fatality, and only for @entity1 . These results suggest that inequality in case fatality is not primarily driven by inequality in invasive management of @entity583 .

title: Socio-economic position and time trends in invasive management and case fatality after XXXX in Denmark.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']