abstract: INTRODUCTION: Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is rapidly gaining favor as a new treatment modality for malignant @entity96 . Most of the studies have recruited @entity1 with disseminated disease originating from the liver. This study focuses on disease limited to the liver. AIM: To perform a retrospective analysis of all @entity1 with @entity96 treated by robotic stereotactic body radiation therapy in a single center. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 13 @entity1 with 22 lesions. The inclusion criteria were: @entity1 with 1-4 inoperable @entity409 and absence of any @entity6687 . All but 3 @entity1 received 3 fractions delivered by the Cyberknife system of a total of 45 grey (Gy). The other 3 @entity1 received 30 Gy. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 10.8 months (range: 7-16). The median dose was 41.5 Gy (range: 30-45). One lesion regressed (8%). In 5 @entity1 , the disease was locally stabilized (38%), and in 7 other @entity1 progression occurred (54%). Twelve @entity1 (92%) are still alive, and 1 @entity1 (8%) died. In 1 @entity1 a new @entity5 ( @entity1778 ) was diagnosed. CONCLUSIONS: The SBRT is well tolerated and effective for local control of most @entity96 . It appears that SBRT is best suited for those @entity1 in whom systemic recurrence can be controlled by chemotherapy. Further studies are mandatory to elucidate these effects on @entity5 of varying histology and to elaborate upon criteria used to select @entity1 who can benefit most from this treatment.

title: Robotic stereotactic body radiation therapy for liver-limited XXXX .

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors', 'liver malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesions']

entities_list: @entity6687 :: ('MESH:D001651', 'Disease') :: ['extrahepatic disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3619 is characterized by the accumulation of lymphocytes as a consequence of increased recruitment from the blood and retention within the tissue at sites of @entity281 . @entity31229 ( @entity31229 ) mRNA has been detected in both inflamed and normal liver tissues and is strongly upregulated in the injured liver tissues in a @entity19 model. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of @entity28015 on @entity31229 mRNA of liver tissues in @entity19 with immunological @entity99 . METHODS: The @entity19 model of immunological @entity99 was induced by Bacillus Calmette Guerin and Lipoposaccharide. The @entity19 with immunological @entity99 were randomly assigned to the model group, the @entity28015 group and the @entity2756 group. The three groups were continuously given agents for seven days and @entity31229 mRNA of liver tissue was determined and contrasted with the control group treated by normal saline. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to assay @entity31229 mRNA levels in liver tissues. RESULTS: The expressions of @entity31229 mRNA were significantly higher in the model group and the @entity2756 group than in the control group and the @entity28015 group (P < 0.05), indicating the @entity19 in the model group and the @entity2756 group were @entity465 . There was no statistical difference in the expressions of @entity31229 mRNA between the control group and the @entity28015 group. Similarly, no statistical difference in the expressions of @entity31229 mRNA between the model group and the @entity2756 group was detected (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity28015 effectively reduces the infiltration of lymphocytes into liver tissues and alleviates the @entity409 by decreasing @entity31229 mRNA in liver tissues in @entity19 with immunological @entity99 .

title: Effects of @entity28015 on chemokines of liver tissues in @entity19 with immunological XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity28015 :: ('MESH:C033356', 'Chemical') :: ['Cefodizime', 'cefodizime']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficient']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic hepatic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic injury']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the degree of compliance with sunscreen use among renal transplant recipients before and after transplantation and to determine risk factors associated with @entity105 . DESIGN: Single-observer study with structured interview using a standardized questionnaire. Medical records and histology reports were examined for details of prior @entity1489 . Cox proportional hazards regression was used for analysis of risk factors for developing @entity1489 after transplantation. SETTING: @entity1 attending Beaumont Hospital, the national renal transplantation center in Dublin, Ireland. @entity1 : The study population comprised 270 @entity1 (182 male and 88 female). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1 ' use of sunscreens before and after transplantation relative to known @entity1489 risk factors and subsequent @entity105 . RESULTS: Prior to transplantation, 68.5% of @entity1 never applied sunscreen on a sunny day compared with 25.9% after transplantation. @entity1 50 years or younger were more likely to always apply sunscreen both before and after transplantation (P = .01), as were female @entity1 prior to transplantation (P = .02). Those @entity1 who participated in an outdoor recreation were more likely to subsequently develop @entity1489 (P = .04), as were those older than 50 years (P<.001) and those with a history of 2 or more @entity158 (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: Transplant recipients are poorly compliant with the use of sunscreens both before and after transplantation. Compliance is poorest in those groups at higher risk of @entity1489 .

title: Sunscreen use before and after transplantation and assessment of risk factors associated with XXXX development in renal transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['nonmelanoma skin cancer', 'skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['skin carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful sunburns']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['skin cancer']


abstract: In this phase I/II clinical trial the antitumor activity of high-dose @entity440 when administered in combination with @entity5713 was assessed and the @entity137 profile of this combination characterized. All 25 @entity1 enrolled in this study were required to have @entity342 -independent @entity263 and to maintain @entity342 ablation during treatment. @entity5713 was given by continuous infusion over 5 days. Doses were increased from 0.9 mg/m2/day to 1.5 mg/m2/day in successive cohorts of at least 3 @entity1 , with no further escalation even in the absence of dose-limiting @entity137 . Intra- @entity1 dose escalation was permitted. @entity440 was administered at a dose of 200 mg/kg on day 1, then 120 mg/kg/day on day 2. Standard response criteria were utilized to assess antitumor activity and CTC @entity137 criteria were used. Quality of life (QOL) @entity158 assessments were evaluated at each visit to the clinic. Most @entity1 tolerated the highest dose of @entity5713 at 1.5 mg/m2/day by continuous infusion over 5 days with 200 mg/kg/day of @entity440 on day 1 and day 2. One @entity1 had a greater than 50% decline in prostate-specific antigen that lasted for 170 days. Two @entity1 received dose reductions because of @entity137 . The most common serious @entity137 included @entity1398 , and @entity1295 . Reversible neurosensory, neuromotor, neurocortical and @entity137 were reported. Six of the 25 @entity1 enrolled in the study (24%) experienced reversible @entity137 of at least grade III. No statistically significant differences between precycle assessment of QOL and subsequent cycles were observed. It is concluded that @entity5713 at 1.5 mg/m2/day continuous i.v. infusion combined with @entity440 200 mg/kg/day on day 1 and day 2 is inactive, and not without @entity137 in the treatment of advanced metastatic @entity342 -independent @entity263 .

title: A phase I/II study of high-dose @entity440 in combination with @entity5713 in @entity1 with XXXX -independent @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'neurocerebellar toxicities', 'neurologic toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen', 'Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine', 'Vinblastine']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The two goals of the present study were to (1) determine the ability of commonly used aerodynamic voice measures to capture change as a function of known interventions and (2) determine if certain aerodynamic measures demonstrate better responsiveness to change in specific disorder types than others. STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective, longitudinal, single-blinded, cross-sectional study. METHODS: @entity1 (n = 70) with a single @entity1740 diagnosis of benign vocal fold lesions (lesions), unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP), primary muscle tension @entity7364 (MTD-1), or vocal fold @entity194 ( @entity194 ) underwent baseline testing, a single intervention (phonosurgery or voice therapy), and follow-up testing. Common aerodynamic measurements were completed in repeated syllables and an all-voiced sentence. RESULTS: Statistically significant improvements were observed for two outcome measures, average airflow in syllables, and average airflow in the all-voiced sentence. @entity1 with lesions, UVFP, and MTD-1 improved in average airflow in the all-voiced sentence. @entity1 with UVFP also improved in airflow in syllables. CONCLUSIONS: Average airflow in the all-voiced sentence changed as a function of treatment for the lesion, MTD-1, and UVFP groups, demonstrating a disorder-specific pattern. Laryngeal airway resistance, and estimates of average subglottal pressure did not show significant change. Average airflow in the all-voiced sentence measurements is recommended as a routine voice measure, and further investigation of other aerodynamic measures' sensitivity to change is warranted.

title: Aerodynamic Outcomes of Four Common XXXX : Moving Toward Disorder-Specific Assessment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity1740 :: ('MESH:D014832', 'Disease') :: ['voice disorder']

entities_list: @entity7364 :: ('MESH:D055154', 'Disease') :: ['dysphonia']

answer: @entity1740 :: (MESH:D014832,Disease) :: ['Voice Disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An uncontrolled pilot study demonstrated that daclizumab, a humanised monoclonal antibody to the interleukin 2 receptor ( @entity2902 ), might be effective for the treatment of active @entity31 . METHODS: A randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of daclizumab induction therapy in @entity1 with active @entity31 . A total of 159 @entity1 with moderate @entity31 were randomised to receive induction therapy with daclizumab 1 mg/kg intravenously at weeks 0 and 4, or 2 mg/kg intravenously at weeks 0, 2, 4, and 6, or placebo. The primary end point was induction of remission at week 8. Remission was defined as a Mayo score of 0 on both @entity548 and a score of 0 or 1 on stool frequency and physician's global assessment components. Response was defined as a decrease from baseline in the Mayo score of at least 3 points. RESULTS: Two per cent of @entity1 receiving daclizumab 1 mg/kg (p = 0.11 v placebo) and 7% of @entity1 receiving 2 mg/kg (p = 0.73) were in remission at week 8, compared with 10% of those who received placebo. Response occurred at week 8 in 25% of @entity1 receiving daclizumab 1 mg/kg (p = 0.04) and in 33% of @entity1 receiving 2 mg/kg (p = 0.30) versus 44% of those receiving placebo. Daclizumab was well tolerated. The most frequently reported adverse events in daclizumab treated @entity1 compared with placebo treated @entity1 were @entity11266 (14.6%) and pyrexia (10.7%). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with moderate @entity31 who are treated with daclizumab are not more likely to be in remission or response at eight weeks than @entity1 treated with placebo.

title: Daclizumab, a humanised monoclonal antibody to the interleukin 2 receptor ( XXXX ), for the treatment of moderately to severely active @entity31 : a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, dose ranging trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity11266 :: ('MESH:D009304', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopy and rectal bleeding components']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

answer: @entity2902 :: (3559,Gene) :: ['CD25']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity32 and @entity356 are often observed in biopsy specimens from the duodenal bulb of Heliobacter @entity1534 positive @entity1 with @entity4773 ( @entity4773 ). AIMS: We set out to investigate the prevalence of these lesions and their associations with other gastric and duodenal histopathological lesions. @entity1 : A total of 1255 consecutive @entity1 who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were recruited into the present study. METHODS: Two biopsy specimens were obtained from each of the following sites: duodenal bulb, gastric antrum, gastric body, and distal to the superior duodenal angle. These specimens were stained with @entity1710 - @entity1711 , alcian blue periodic acid Schiff (pH 2.5) and modified Giemsa (Heliobacter @entity1534 infection was determined only by histology). RESULTS: The mean age of the study population was 57 years, and male:female ratio 1:1.6. Overall, 235 (19%) had @entity356 in the duodenal bulb mucosa, and @entity1534 organisms could be found in 17 (1%). In univariate analyses, @entity356 and/or chronic @entity32 positively associated with male sex (p = 0.046), Heliobacter @entity1534 -positive chronic @entity3621 (p = 0.033), villous @entity194 , i.e., @entity66 (p < 0.001), duodenal ulcer (p < 0.001), and @entity85 and @entity2318 in endoscopy (p < 0.001), but not with age (p = 0.7) nor use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (p = 0.055). Multivariate analysis revealed that independent risk factors for @entity356 and chronic @entity32 in duodenal bulb were duodenal Heliobacter @entity1534 infection (odds ratio 1.6, 95% confidence interval CI 1.1-2.1), and villous atrophy of the distal duodenal mucosa (odds ratio 12.7, 95% CI 4.4-36.5), while chronic @entity4726 was protective against them (odds ratio 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.8). CONCLUSIONS: In addition to Heliobacter @entity1534 infection, duodenal @entity356 and chronic @entity32 may result from predisposition to toxic dietary components in gluten-sensitive subjects.

title: @entity356 and chronic XXXX at the duodenal bulb mucosa.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'duodenal bulb inflammation', 'Chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4726 :: ('MESH:D005757', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic gastritis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac disease']

entities_list: @entity4773 :: ('MESH:D004381', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal ulcer disease', 'DU']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy of distal duodenal mucosa']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal bulb deformity']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric metaplasia and/or chronic inflammation', 'bulb gastric metaplasia', 'gastric metaplasia']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: This investigation compared the gait of revision and primary @entity85 @entity1 about to undergo surgical reconstruction with that of a group of able-bodied controls. OBJECTIVES: The hypothesis of the study was that both @entity1 groups would have significantly compromised gait, spine motion, and gait endurance compared with the able-bodied group. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: There is a population of adults with degenerative changes superimposed on @entity2112 who present for reconstructive spinal surgery (primary @entity1 ). There is another group of adults who have already had @entity85 surgery and present for revision surgery (revision @entity1 ). METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity1 were recruited (8 primary, 13 revision, 6 able-bodied controls). A typical gait analysis was performed. Walking endurance was estimated from a submaximal graded treadmill exercise test. Three motion variables describing the orientation of the shoulders with respect to the pelvis in the three principal planes of the body were determined. Also, gait speed, stride length, cadence, and step width were calculated. The variable for the endurance test was the length of time walked on the treadmill. RESULTS: Results for the revision group indicated a slower walking speed, greater sagittal plane trunk flexion, reduced range of motion in the coronal and transverse planes, and poorer endurance relative to age-matched controls. The primary group demonstrated a slower walking speed relative to age-matched controls. The revision group had poorer endurance scores relative to the primary group. CONCLUSION: This investigation is an objective report describing the compromised gait and walking endurance of adult @entity1 with @entity85 before spinal fusion surgery. Results supported subjective observations regarding the preoperative gait of these @entity1 and presented results difficult to observe in a clinical setting. The techniques appear useful in providing objective information regarding the gait abilities of these @entity1 .

title: Preoperative gait comparisons between adults undergoing long XXXX fusion surgery (thoracic to L4, L5, or sacrum) and controls.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['spinal deformity']


abstract: Lipids are an important nutritional component of the avian egg. A review of the literature was completed to determine the @entity844 compositions in egg yolk from some avian species. Additionally, the nutritional influence of lipid and lipoprotein content on the plasma of male @entity1 during 30-day feeding was discussed. The @entity6497 eggs had the highest @entity5031 and the lowest @entity165 content in relation to other avian species. @entity6497 had a higher proportion of 18:3n-3 (p   <   0.01) compared with other species. @entity1573 yolk numerically contained much higher levels of 22:6n-3 than those found in @entity233 , quails and geese, but the amount of 22:6n-3 in @entity6497 egg was lower by comparison with other species (p   <   0.01). After the storage of eggs at the room temperature, there was a notable loss of @entity270 (vitE) in the yolks of all species and this decrease was marginal (p   <   0.01) in @entity6497 compared with other species. There were significant (p   <   0.05) increases in plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level in all male subjects. Plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level decreased (p   <   0.05) only in @entity1 who were fed @entity1573 or @entity6497 eggs daily. Consumption of different species' eggs had no influence on the total male plasma @entity165 and @entity412 levels. LDL-C:HDL-C ratio increased (p   <   0.05) after goose and @entity233 egg consumption. Consumption of one egg/month by healthy @entity1 subjects had no effect on serum total @entity165 and @entity412 . The LDL-C:HDL-C ratio (which is a strong predictor of @entity301 risk) increased, although non-significantly, by consuming @entity1573 , quail and @entity6497 eggs.

title: Egg yolk XXXX profile of avian species--influence on @entity1 nutrition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'human', 'men']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity233 :: ('9103', 'Species') :: ['turkey', 'turkeys']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chicken', 'Chicken']

entities_list: @entity5031 :: ('CHEBI:27208', 'Chemical') :: ['unsaturated fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity6497 :: ('8801', 'Species') :: ['Ostrich', 'ostrich']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 studies suggest @entity286 smoking is a risk factor for @entity73 and @entity179 , including @entity195 ( @entity195 ). However, experimental data linking @entity286 smoke exposures to underlying mediators of @entity179 , including @entity851 factor (IGF) signaling in @entity195 are lacking. OBJECTIVE: This study tests the hypothesis that cigarette smoke (CS) exposures can impair brain insulin/IGF signaling and alter expression of @entity195 -associated proteins. METHODS: Adult male A/J @entity19 were exposed to air for 8 weeks (A8), CS for 4 or 8 weeks (CS4, CS8), or CS8 followed by 2 weeks recovery (CS8+R). Gene expression was measured by qRT-PCR analysis and proteins were measured by multiplex bead-based or direct binding duplex ELISAs. RESULTS: CS exposure effects on insulin/IGF and insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins and phosphorylated proteins were striking compared with the mRNA. The main consequences of CS4 or CS8 exposures were to significantly reduce insulin R, IGF-1R, IRS-1, and @entity4149 phosphorylated insulin R and IGF-1R proteins. Paradoxically, these effects were even greater in the CS8+R group. In addition, relative levels of S312-IRS-1, which inhibits downstream signaling, were increased in the CS4, CS8, and CS8+R groups. Correspondingly, CS and CS8+R exposures inhibited expression of proteins and phosphoproteins required for signaling through Akt, PRAS40, and/or p70S6K, increased AbPP-Ab, and reduced ASPH protein, which is a target of insulin/IGF-1 signaling. CONCLUSION: Secondhand CS exposures caused molecular and biochemical abnormalities in brain that overlap with the findings in @entity195 , and many of these effects were sustained or worsened despite short-term CS withdrawal.

title: XXXX Smoke Exposure Impairs Brain Insulin/IGF Signaling: Potential Co-Factor Role in Neurodegeneration.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['impairments in brain insulin and insulin-like growth']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['Tobacco']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The mechanism underlying the development of @entity1 @entity43 is poorly understood. The liver kinase protein, @entity2839 , is hypothesized to play a pivotal role in @entity5 cell proliferation and invasion capacity through regulation of @entity876 and @entity994 / @entity994 expression. Previous studies suggest @entity2839 may, in turn, be regulated by microRNA-17. Here, we examined the role of @entity12425 in the expression of @entity2839 and the downstream effects on proliferation and invasion capacity of normal @entity43 cells (OCCs) and ovarian stem cells. In this study, both the mRNA and protein expression levels of @entity2839 , @entity876 , and @entity994 decreased in OCCs following transfection with a @entity12425 expression plasmid. @entity12425 expression affected cell cycle regulation and stimulated the proliferation and invasion capacity of OCCs in vitro. ChIP assays indicated that the binding efficiency of @entity876 to the @entity994 / @entity994 gene promoter was much lower in @entity12425 transfected OCCs than in OCCs transfected with a mutated @entity12425 . Co-immunoprecipitation and western blotting showed significantly lower levels of @entity876 and @entity876 Ser15-pho in the @entity12425 transfected OCCs as compared to the mutant @entity12425 transfected OCCs. Xenograft experiments confirmed that suppression of @entity5 growth in vivo occurred in the absence of functional @entity12425 . These findings suggest that mature @entity12425 expression may have an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity1 @entity43 through its interference with the @entity2839 - @entity876 - @entity994 / @entity994 pathway expression by epigenetic modification. These findings are of potential importance in the identification of novel therapeutic targets in @entity1 @entity43 .

title: MicroRNA-17 promotes normal XXXX cells to @entity5 stem cells development via suppression of the @entity2839 - @entity876 - @entity994 / @entity994 pathway.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors', 'ovarian cancer']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: Vocal @entity717 are increasingly recognized in @entity1 with @entity746 ( @entity746 ). We describe a @entity1 with limb-onset @entity746 who developed @entity3746 . A 74-year-old Japanese male consulted our clinic with a 6-month history of @entity425 in both arms. His family history was unremarkable. There were @entity2901 and mild @entity194 and both arms. In the legs, muscle strength was almost normal but widespread @entity2901 were present. All tendon reflexes were hypoactive and pathological reflexes were absent. Thereafter, he developed @entity425 and showed increased eating time. Babinski sign was positive bilaterally at this stage. The forced vital capacity dropped from 90% at the initial evaluation to 62% of the predicted value 14 months later. Two years after disease onset, the @entity1 developed @entity1174 with hoarseness and had difficulty clearing his throat of phlegm. Laryngoscopy demonstrated severe @entity3746 on both sides, particularly in the abductor muscles possibly leading to obstruction. Tracheotomy was performed because of the risk that the @entity1 could @entity1224 to @entity204 . A review of the literature suggests that severe @entity602 could be a prelude to @entity944 in @entity746 . Follow up by laryngoscopic examination is necessary.

title: [A case of XXXX with bilateral @entity3746 necessitating tracheotomy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of vocal cord abduction']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness of the legs', 'weakness']

entities_list: @entity2901 :: ('MESH:D005207', 'Disease') :: ['fasciculations']

entities_list: @entity1174 :: ('MESH:D011015', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy of the tongue']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['cord movement disorders']

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['vocal cord paresis', 'vocal cord paralysis']

answer: @entity746 :: (MESH:D000690,Disease) :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We aimed to generate rigorous graphical and statistical reference data based on volumetric measurements for assessing the relative severity of @entity62 ( @entity62 ) in @entity1 with @entity64 . METHODS: We prospectively mapped @entity62 from 2699 @entity1 with first-ever @entity385 (mean age=66.8  13.0 years) enrolled consecutively from 11 nationwide @entity64 centers, from @entity1 (fluid-attenuated-inversion-recovery) MRIs onto a standard brain template set. Using multivariable analyses, we assessed the impact of major (age/ @entity101 ) and minor risk factors on WMH variability. RESULTS: We have produced a large reference data library showing the location and quantity of @entity62 as topographical frequency-volume maps. This easy-to-use graphical reference data set allows the quantitative estimation of the severity of WMH as a percentile rank score. For all @entity1 (median age=69 years), multivariable analysis showed that age, @entity101 , @entity955 , and @entity4346 were independently associated with increasing WMH (0-9.4%, median=0.6%, of the measured brain volume). For younger ( <=69) @entity101 (n=819), age and @entity4346 were positively associated with WMH. For older (>= 70) @entity101 (n=944), age and @entity165 had positive relationships with WMH, whereas @entity6 , @entity407 , and @entity955 had negative relationships with WMH. For younger nonhypertensives (n=578), age and @entity6 were positively related to WMH. For older nonhypertensives (n=328), only age was positively associated with WMH. CONCLUSIONS: We have generated a novel graphical WMH grading (Kim statistical WMH scoring) system, correlated to risk factors and adjusted for age/ @entity101 . Further studies are required to confirm whether the combined data set allows grading of WMH burden in individual @entity1 and a tailored @entity1 -specific interpretation in @entity385 -related clinical practice.

title: Grading and interpretation of XXXX using statistical maps.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['WMHs', 'white matter hyperintensities']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity62 :: (MESH:D056784,Disease) :: ['white matter hyperintensities']


abstract: Prognostic factors and treatment outcome of 48 @entity1 with Stage I (29) or II (19) @entity1893 of the head and neck were analyzed retrospectively. There were 26 males and 22 females, aged from 15 to 89 years old, with an average age of 57. The @entity75 was located in @entity3521 in 25 @entity1 , the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in 13, cervical lymph nodes in 8, and others in 2. Histologically, 2 had @entity1893 , 42 had intermediate grade disease, and 1 had high grade disease. The @entity1 were treated with radiation alone (5 @entity1 ), chemotherapy according to a @entity786 , @entity632 , @entity1891 , @entity229 - (CHOP) regimen (8 @entity1 ), or a combination of both treatments (35 @entity1 ). In univariate analyses, an unfavorable prognosis was associated with age > or = 60, Stage I disease, and extralymphatic lesion. Multivariate analysis showed that an extralymphatic lesion was a significant independent risk factor for @entity204 (p = 0.0093). The overall five-year survival rate was 73.5%. Differences in the treatment was not reflected in the outcome. Our results suggest that a combination of chemotherapy (CHOP) and radiation is an appropriate treatment for lymphatic stage I and II @entity1893 of the head and neck. However, more intensive therapy is necessary for @entity1 with extralymphatic @entity135 .

title: [Statistical analysis of localized XXXX of the head and neck--multivariate analysis of prognostic factors and evaluation of therapeutic modalities].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck NHL']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3521 :: ('MESH:D012303', 'Disease') :: ["Waldeyer's ring"]

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'low grade lymphoma']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphomas']


abstract: We used very sensitive and specific monoclonal-antibody sandwich assays for @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin ( @entity1465 ) and @entity1 luteinizing hormone (hLH) to measure both hormones in serum samples from normal @entity1 and @entity1 . When single serum samples from 92 @entity1 were studied, 73 percent had detectable @entity1465 . In normal @entity1 , the amount of detectable @entity1465 averaged 8.9 pg per milliliter, with a range of less than 3.0 to 160 pg per milliliter (biologic potency = 13,450 IU per milligram). In postmenopausal @entity1 the @entity1465 level averaged 111 pg per milliliter and ranged from 32 to 510. In @entity1 of reproductive age the @entity1465 level varied with the menstrual cycle. @entity4396 administered to 10 normal @entity1 increased both @entity1465 and hLH. When daily serum samples were studied throughout a normal menstrual cycle, @entity1465 concentrations paralleled those of hLH; follicular-phase concentrations were higher than those of the luteal phase, and there was a midcycle ovulatory peak of @entity1465 coincident with the hLH peak. When @entity1465 was measured every 10 minutes for six hours in eight postmenopausal @entity1 , distinct pulses were detected in parallel with those of hLH: hLH pulsed at a mean (+/- SEM) frequency of 0.56 +/- 0.08 pulses per hour; @entity1465 pulsed at 0.54 +/- 0.07 pulses per hour. The mean pulse durations were 89 +/- 22 and 56 +/- 20 minutes for @entity1465 , respectively. We conclude that @entity1465 is produced in a pulsatile fashion, probably by the pituitary, in all normal adults.

title: Pulsatile secretion of XXXX chorionic gonadotropin in normal adults.

entities_list: @entity4396 :: ('2796', 'Gene') :: ['Gonadotropin-releasing hormone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The KS 300 is a multifunctional software image analysis system using an object-oriented programming environment. The possibility of its application for the inner ear was studied by using specimens from @entity1 and squirrel monkeys, immunostained for the brain-derived @entity460 -binding protein, @entity4483 protein. Grey images were used for measurements. The cell borders were outlined by hand, using a digitizer. The absolute grey values of the pixels changed when the brightness of the images or other conditions changed. By contrast, the relative grey values, i.e. the absolute grey values correlated to the mean grey values of the histoimage, remained constant. By utilizing these relative grey values, it was possible to compare cells both between different specimens and between different areas within the same specimen. The different grey values of @entity4494 cells stained for @entity4483 protein are objective quantitative measurements and are believed to reflect differences in their function. In some regions of both @entity1 and squirrel monkey specimens, relatively intensely stained cells predominated, whereas in other regions, relatively weakly stained cells were mainly observed. Thus, our image analysis system using the relative grey values has proved suitable for quantitative analysis of immunostained specimens in order to compare them and to assess cell function.

title: Image analysis of the XXXX inner ear.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['spiral ganglion']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity13761 is required for @entity1310 and robust autoantibody development in the @entity16307 model of @entity19 @entity1252 . The objective of this study was to evaluate the immune response and to study the splenic B and T cell populations in @entity164 ( @entity164 ) and @entity13761 -/- @entity19 following @entity16307 injection in order to develop an understanding of why absence of @entity13761 is protective in @entity16307 -induced @entity1252 . METHODS: Immunization responses to NP-Ficoll and NP-ovalbumin were assessed in @entity164 and @entity13761 -/- @entity19 . In  vitro IgM and IgG responses to R848 were measured by ELISA. Serum IgM anti-dsDNA and @entity635 were also measured by ELISA. B and T cell populations 2 weeks and 6 months following @entity16307 injection were measured by flow cytometry in @entity164 and @entity13761 -/- @entity19 . RESULTS: @entity13761 -/- @entity19 generate equivalent IgG responses to NP-Ficoll and NP-ova antigens when compared to @entity164 @entity19 . Additionally, they secrete IgM and IgG in response to @entity6439 activation. @entity16307 injected @entity164 and @entity13761 -/- @entity19 generate robust IgM anti-dsDNA responses. @entity13761 -/- @entity19 have a significant reduction in marginal zone B cell populations compared to @entity164 6 months after @entity16307 exposure whereas T cell responses are intact in these @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity13761 -/- @entity19 have intact immune responses but do not develop an expanded marginal zone B cell population in response to @entity16307 -induced @entity1252 . This may be one explanation for reduced IgG autoantibody production in these @entity19 .

title: @entity13761 is required for maintenance of marginal zone B cells in @entity16307 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity16307 :: ('MESH:C009042', 'Chemical') :: ['Pristane', 'pristane']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['lupus']


abstract: The assessment of @entity5 angiogenesis in @entity1149 is presently a subject of intensive research with potential clinical applications. In this study, the expression of @entity7 and @entity319 was examined by immunohistochemistry in 67 @entity5 samples obtained from @entity1149 @entity1 treated by radical resection. Distribution of age, sex, @entity5 stage and histology was typical for @entity1 population in Poland. @entity7 expression (more than 25% of positive cells) was noted in 65% of @entity5 cells. @entity319 expression was observed in 91% of @entity5 cells. Neither the number of positive cells nor the staining intensity correlated with the clinical variables (all p values >0.05, chi-square test). No correlation was noted between the expression of @entity7 and @entity319 (p=0.35, chi-square test). In survival analysis, neither the number of positive cells nor the staining intensity of both molecules was of prognostic significance. The expression of @entity7 and @entity319 in @entity1149 cells was confirmed in this study. The relation to clinical variables and survival will be further assessed in a larger group of @entity1 .

title: Expression of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and its receptor @entity319 in @entity1149 ( XXXX )--a preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['archival tumour', 'tumour']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Abstract Introduction: Skin @entity5 incidence is increasing in younger adults. @entity1 satisfaction and quality of life surveys are limited, and more information is needed on the unique perspectives of these younger @entity1 who may be affected differently. We sought to explore how @entity1489 has affected quality of life in younger adults. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was administered to @entity1 with @entity1489 aged 20-50 years diagnosed from 2007 to 2008. Quality of life was measured using the @entity1489 Index (SCI) and Skindex-16 with a transformed scale. Descriptive statistics with standard deviations were calculated. Results: One-hundred sixty-one @entity1 were identified; 62 completed surveys (38.5%), with 47 @entity1 eligible for inclusion. Forty @entity1 (85%) reported having made lifestyle changes since being diagnosed with @entity1489 , most commonly habitual use of sunscreen (n   =   34; 77.3%). Quality of life was most @entity1489 (Skindex-16 score 24.5 (34.4 standard deviation)), including their future risk of developing further @entity5 (58.5 (31.8)). Limitations: Limitations include small sample size and possible response bias. Conclusions: There is a modest impact on quality of life in young @entity1 with @entity1489 based on the Skindex-16 and SCI. Young @entity1489 survivors may benefit from @entity1 counseling, which addresses risk assessment and future risk reduction.

title: Self-reported quality of life after XXXX in young adults.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['Skin Cancer', 'skin cancer', 'impacted by worries about their skin cancer', 'non-melanoma skin cancers']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['skin cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity306 is characterized by @entity73 following injury  to the developing brain. Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction is estimated to affect at least a third of @entity1 with @entity306 . However there  are limited data as @entity1 transition to adulthood. We sought to describe the symptoms, sequelae and management of @entity1973 in adults with @entity306 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of adult @entity1 with @entity306 between 2011 and 2014. @entity1 with prior bladder reconstruction or catheterization based bladder drainage were excluded from study. @entity306 severity was determined using GMFCS (Gross Motor Function Classification System). A conservative evaluation and treatment paradigm was used. Noninvasive treatments were encouraged. Specifically clean intermittent catheterization, which is often not feasible, is avoided unless urinary retention, @entity3041 or refractory lower urinary tract symptoms develop. RESULTS: There were 121 @entity1 included in final analysis. Median age was 25  and 61 @entity1 (50%) had GMFCS level V. Noninvasive management failed in  28 of 121 @entity1 (23%) as defined by @entity3041 in 9, persistent urinary retention in 10 and refractory lower urinary tract symptoms/ @entity322 in 9. Urethral clean intermittent catheterization was poorly tolerated. Of all @entity1 25% showed evidence of @entity1791 during the study period. Surgical intervention was rare and associated with significant morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: Adults with @entity306 may present with variable signs and symptoms of @entity1973 . Conservative treatment was successful in more than 75% of @entity1 . Clean intermittent catheterization was poorly tolerated in @entity1 in whom conservative treatment failed. Surgical intervention was rarely indicated and it should be reserved for select individuals.

title: Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction in Adults with XXXX : Outcomes following a Conservative Management Approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['motor impairment']

entities_list: @entity1973 :: ('MESH:D001750', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity1791 :: ('MESH:D052878', 'Disease') :: ['urolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy', 'Cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['Cerebral Palsy']


abstract: Subcutaneous @entity784 (SCPTCL) is characterized by primary involvement of the subcutaneous fat in a manner mimicking @entity3139 . We studied 16 cases of this @entity706 to define its immunophenotypical profile as well as cellular origin. Involvement of the subcutaneous fat in a lacelike pattern with neoplastic cells rimming individual fat spaces was present in all cases. All 16 cases were of T cell phenotype. Thirteen of the 16 cases were @entity405 +, whereas three were negative for both @entity404 and @entity405 . Twelve cases were stained for betaF1; of these, eight were betaF1+ and four were betaF1-. Focal staining for @entity2940 and @entity5823 was seen in 2 of 13 and two of eight cases, respectively. Intense diffuse positivity for the cytotoxic granular proteins @entity13433 ( @entity13433 ) and perforin was present in all cases, indicating an origin from cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Ten cases studied for Epstein-Barr viral sequences were negative. Eight of 9 cases with amplifiable DNA showed a clonal TCR gamma gene rearrangement by polymerase chain reaction. Controls included seven cases of benign @entity3139 and seven other peripheral T cell lymphomas involving the skin and subcutaneous tissues: two peripheral T cell lymphomas, not otherwise specified (PTL,NOS), four @entity2108 ( @entity2108 ), one T/NK cell @entity706 . The seven cases of @entity3139 lacked cytological atypia and were characterized by an admixture of @entity404 + and @entity405 + cells with interspersed aggregates of L26+ B cells. Only infrequent cells showed staining for @entity13433 and perforin. In the control cases of @entity784 , the infiltrate had a tendency for dermal and sometimes even epidermal involvement, with sheeting out of malignant cells, in contrast to the characteristic subcutaneous localization and rimming of fat spaces noted in SCPTCL. The two PTL, NOS were @entity404 + and negative for both @entity13433 and perforin. Although the remaining controls expressed @entity13433 and perforin, in keeping with their cytotoxic T or natural killer (NK) cell origin, histological and other immunophenotypical features allowed distinction from SCPTCL. Five cases of SCPTCL were also stained for apoptosis using a tdt-mediated end labeling kit. All cases showed numerous positive apoptotic bodies, suggesting apoptosis as the mechanism of cell death in these @entity5 . Our study indicates that SCPTCL constitutes a distinctive clinicopathological entity derived from cytotoxic T lymphocytes and should be differentiated from other benign and malignant lymphoid infiltrates involving the subcutis. The apoptosis seen in these @entity5 may be mediated by release of cytotoxic granular proteins.

title: Subcutaneous XXXX is a @entity5 of cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T cell lymphoma', 'panniculitic T cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity13433 :: ('7072', 'Gene') :: ['T cell intracellular antigen-1', 'TIA-1']

entities_list: @entity2108 :: ('MESH:D017728', 'Disease') :: ['ALCL', 'anaplastic large cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity3139 :: ('MESH:D015434', 'Disease') :: ['panniculitis']

answer: @entity784 :: (MESH:D016399,Disease) :: ['panniculitic T-cell lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The extraction of RNA from leukocytes for reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) is time-consuming and contributes to variation in analysis of the Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome of @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) by RT-PCR. To detect residual @entity1860 after bone marrow transplantation, mRNA from at least 10(5) leukocytes should be analyzed, but the RNase activity of the cells precludes simple leukocytes lysis as an alternative to RNA extraction. We sought to identify the main source of RNase activity of leukocytes. METHODS: We used a three-step chromatographic process and @entity535 sequence analysis. We selected eosinophil-free granulocytes by using a biotinylated @entity4071 antibody and selected mononuclear cells by fractionating the leukocytes with a Ficoll-Paque(R) density gradient. RESULTS: Chromatography and @entity535 sequencing identified @entity14335 ( @entity14335 ) as the main source of leukocyte RNase. Depletion of eosinophils reduced the @entity14335 content of cell lysates by approximately 90%, allowing a signal from a lysate of 50 K562 Ph1-positive cells mixed with 10(5) @entity4071 (+) granulocytes that was equivalent to 77% of the signal in the absence of leukocytes. A similar lysate with mononuclear cells gave a signal equivalent to 53% of that without mononuclear cells. RNA extraction gave a signal equivalent to only 24% of the leukocyte-free control. CONCLUSION: The depletion of eosinophils during the preparation of leukocyte samples for RT-PCR efficiently reduces the risk of mRNA degradation by ribonucleases, enabling RT-PCR analysis directly from cell lysates with a better signal than can be obtained by RNA extraction.

title: Major interference from leukocytes in reverse transcription-PCR identified as neurotoxin ribonuclease from eosinophils: detection of residual XXXX from cell lysates by use of an eosinophil-depleted cell preparation.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myelogenous leukemia']

entities_list: @entity14335 :: ('6036', 'Gene') :: ['EDN', 'eosinophil-derived neurotoxin']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['chronic myelogenous leukemia']


abstract: Many studies seek to explore the impact of extrinsic soluble factors present in serum, interstitial fluids or cell-conditioned media on cells in vitro. A convenient approach to elucidate the effects of a particular factor is its selective neutralization. However, intrinsic production of soluble factors such as cytokines by the cultured cells is common and can have an impact via autocrine mechanisms. The addition of cytokine-specific neutralizing antibodies leads to neutralization of the targeted factors irrespective of their source and affects paracrine and autocrine effects alike. Thus, neutralization assays are not suitable to irrevocably demonstrate that the examined factors exert their effect via a paracrine mechanism. We were interested in investigating the impact of immunosuppressive factors present in @entity43 -associated @entity843 by dissecting paracrine versus autocrine effects of @entity688 ( @entity688 ) and @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) on the activation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC). We explored several methods of depletion based on introduction of the neutralizing antibodies bound to beads. Here we describe the pitfalls of the investigated depletion approaches and show the importance of monitoring the presence of residual neutralizing antibodies in the sample upon depletion, which impacts on the suitability of the approach to distinguish paracrine from autocrine effects. Only one of three investigated approaches showed no dislocation of neutralizing antibody from the beads into the sample. This method, which is based on covalently linking antibody to magnetic beads harbouring a reactive group allowed for the complete removal of the investigated factors from @entity843 and represents an elegant tool to elucidate immunoregulatory or -stimulatory cytokine networks in considerably more depth than the use of neutralizing antibodies in cell cultures alone can contribute.

title: Antibody-mediated depletion of immunosuppressive factors from @entity43 -associated XXXX for investigation of paracrine versus autocrine effects.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

answer: @entity843 :: (MESH:D001201,Disease) :: ['ascites']


abstract: Mitochondrial membrane potential (delta psi(m)) was determined in intact isolated nerve terminals using the membrane potential-sensitive probe JC-1. Oxidative stress induced by @entity274 (0.1-1 mM) caused only a minor decrease in delta psi(m). When complex I of the respiratory chain was inhibited by @entity3788 (2 microM), delta psi(m) was unaltered, but on subsequent addition of @entity274 , delta psi(m) started to decrease and collapsed during incubation with 0.5 mM @entity274 for 12 min. The @entity855 level and [ @entity855 ]/[ @entity857 ] ratio were greatly reduced in the simultaneous presence of @entity3788 and @entity274 . @entity274 also induced a marked reduction in delta psi(m) when added after @entity4626 (10 microM), an inhibitor of @entity7257 . @entity274 (0.1 or 0.5 mM) inhibited @entity15706 dehydrogenase and decreased the steady-state @entity1110 level in nerve terminals. It is concluded that there are at least two factors that determine delta psi(m) in the presence of @entity274 : (a) The @entity2125 level reduced owing to inhibition of @entity15706 dehydrogenase is insufficient to ensure an optimal rate of respiration, which is reflected in a fall of delta psi(m) when the @entity7257 is not functional. (b) The greatly reduced @entity855 level in the presence of @entity3788 and @entity274 prevents maintenance of delta psi(m) by @entity7257 . The results indicate that to maintain delta psi(m) in the nerve terminal during @entity274 -induced oxidative stress, both complex I and @entity7257 must be functional. Collapse of delta psi(m) could be a critical event in @entity528 in @entity63 or @entity191 when @entity274 is generated in excess and complex I of the respiratory chain is simultaneously impaired.

title: Depolarization of in situ mitochondria due to hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in nerve terminals: inhibition of XXXX dehydrogenase.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity15706 :: ('MESH:C029743', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-ketoglutarate']

entities_list: @entity3788 :: ('MESH:D012402', 'Chemical') :: ['rotenone']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal injury']

entities_list: @entity4626 :: ('MESH:D009840', 'Chemical') :: ['oligomycin']

answer: @entity15706 :: (MESH:C029743,Chemical) :: ['alpha-ketoglutarate']


abstract: A fusion protein of @entity35 liver @entity7772 with @entity1110 -cytochrome P450 reductase was expressed genetically in @entity375 microsomal membranes. This flavo-cytochrome is active in 6-hydroxylation of @entity69871 . Rotational diffusion of the fusion protein was examined by observing the flash-induced absorption anisotropy r(t) of the P450.CO complex. Theoretical analysis of r(t) was performed based on a "rotation-about-membrane normal" model. The absorption anisotropy decayed within 2 ms to a time-independent value r(3). Forty percent of the fusion protein rotated with a rotational relaxation time phi of 1.35 ms. Treatment with high salt increased the mobile population of the fusion protein to 62% with phi = 0.96 ms. The mobile population of the fusion protein is close to that of @entity7772 coexpressed with the P450 reductase and greater than that of @entity7772 alone [Iwase et al. (1991) Biochemistry 30, 8347-8351]. The large mobile population of the fusion protein provides evidence that @entity7772 is mobilized by forming associations with P450 reductase in microsomal membranes.

title: Dynamic mobility of genetically expressed fusion protein between cytochrome P4501A1 and @entity1110 -cytochrome P450 reductase in XXXX microsomes.

entities_list: @entity69871 :: ('MESH:D015049', 'Chemical') :: ['zoxazolamine']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: Ultrahigh molecular weight @entity691 (UHMWPE) is widely used as bone-replacement material for articulating surfaces due to its excellent wear resistance and low coefficient of friction. But, the @entity3356 , generated during abrasion between mating surfaces, leads to aseptic loosening of implants. Thus, various reinforcing agents are generally utilized, which may alter the surface and biological properties of UHMWPE. In the current work, the cellular response of compression molded UHMWPE upon reinforcement of bioactive multiwalled @entity505 nanotubes (MWCNTs) and bioinert @entity5383 ( @entity16773 ) is investigated. The phase retention and stability were observed using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The reinforcement of MWCNTs and @entity16773 has shown to alter the wettability (from contact angle of ~88    2   to ~118    4  ) and surface energy (from ~23.20 to ~17.75 mN/m) of composites with respect to UHMWPE, without eliciting any adverse effect on cytocompatibility for the L929 @entity19 fibroblast cell line. Interestingly, the cellular growth of the L929 @entity19 fibroblast cell line is observed to be dominated by the dispersion fraction of surface free energy (SFE). After 48 h of incubation period, a decrease in metabolic activity of MWCNT- @entity16773 reinforced composites is attributed to apatite formation that reduces the dispersion fraction of surface energy. The mineralized apatite during incubation was confirmed and quantified by energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction respectively. Thus, the dispersion fraction of surface free energy can be engineered to play an important role in achieving enhanced metabolic activity of the MWCNT- @entity16773 reinforced UHMWPE biopolymer composites.

title: Dispersion fraction enhances cellular growth of XXXX nanotube and @entity5383 reinforced ultrahigh molecular weight @entity691 biocomposites.

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity3356 :: ('MESH:D057085', 'Disease') :: ['wear debris']

entities_list: @entity5383 :: ('MESH:D000537', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum oxide']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Amyotrophic @entity4681 is a progressive @entity4681 that involves @entity528 upper and lower motor neurons. In @entity1 with @entity746 , pathologic studies and ex vivo high-resolution MR imaging at ultra-high field strength revealed the co-localization of @entity68 and activated microglia distributed in the deep layers of the primary motor cortex. The aims of the study were to measure the cortical thickness and evaluate the distribution of @entity68 -related signal changes in the primary motor cortex of @entity1 with @entity746 as possible in vivo biomarkers of @entity4681 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-two @entity1 with definite @entity746 and 14 healthy subjects underwent a high-resolution 2D multiecho gradient-recalled sequence targeted on the primary motor cortex by using a 7T scanner. Image analysis consisted of the visual evaluation and quantitative measurement of signal intensity and cortical thickness of the primary motor cortex in @entity1 and controls. Qualitative and quantitative MR imaging parameters were correlated with electrophysiologic and laboratory data and with clinical scores. RESULTS: Ultra-high field MR imaging revealed @entity194 in the deep layers of the primary motor cortex of @entity1 with @entity746 with a diagnostic accuracy of 71%. Signal hypointensity of the deep layers of the primary motor cortex correlated with @entity4681 (r = -0.47; P < .001) and with disease progression rate (r = -0.60; P = .009). CONCLUSIONS: The combined high spatial resolution and sensitivity to paramagnetic substances of 7T MR imaging demonstrate in vivo signal changes of the cerebral motor cortex that resemble the distribution of activated microglia within the cortex of @entity1 with @entity746 . Cortical thinning and signal hypointensity of the deep layers of the primary motor cortex could constitute a marker of @entity4681 in @entity1 with @entity746 .

title: High-Resolution 7T MR Imaging of the Motor Cortex in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['lateral sclerosis', 'motor neuron disorder', 'upper motor neuron impairment']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy and signal hypointensity']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration of both']

answer: @entity746 :: (MESH:D000690,Disease) :: ['Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis']


abstract: @entity7997 (AP) is an endogenous neurosteroid. It modulates the effect of y-amino-butyric acid ( @entity1246 ) on the @entity1246 type A (GABAA) receptor, which leads to increased receptor activity. Since the @entity1246 -system is mainly inhibitory, increased AP activity leads to modulation of neuronal activity. In vitro studies of GABAA receptor activity and in vivo animal studies of sedation have shown that AP-induced effects can be inhibited by another endogenous steroid, namely isoallopregnanolone (ISO). In this study we investigated if ISO can antagonize AP-induced effects in healthy female volunteers, via measurements of saccadic eye velocity (SEV) and self-rated sedation. With a single-blind cross-over design, 12 @entity1 were studied on three separate occasions; given AP alone or AP in combination with one of two ISO doses. Congruent with previous reports, AP administration decreased SEV and induced sedation and these effects were diminished by simultaneous ISO administration. Also, the ISO effect modulation was seemingly stronger for SEV than for sedation. These effects were observed already at an ISO dose exposure that was approximately half of that of AP. In conclusion, ISO antagonized AP-induced decrease in SEV and self-reported sedation, probably in a non-competitive manner.

title: Isoallopregnanolone antagonize @entity7997 -induced effects on saccadic eye velocity and self-reported sedation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7997 :: ('MESH:D011280', 'Chemical') :: ['Allopregnanolone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of @entity1534 (Hp) on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible @entity842 synthase ( @entity3623 ) levels in @entity1 with @entity1613 and its clinical significance. A total of 114 @entity1 with @entity1613 , 57 whom were positive for Hp (observation group) and 57 of whom were negative for Hp (control group), were selected for the study. The mRNA levels of COX-2 and @entity3623 in the gastric @entity1613 tissue from the two groups of @entity1 were analyzed through the reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The protein expression levels of COX-2 and @entity3623 were analyzed using western blotting and an @entity3623 kit, respectively. In addition, normal @entity1 gastric mucosal GES-1 cells were cultured in vitro and stimulated by Hp for 3, 6, 9 and 12 h. The variations in the mRNA and protein levels of COX-2 and @entity3623 were then analyzed via RT-qPCR and western blotting. Compared with the control group, the mRNA levels of COX-2 and @entity3623 in the gastric tissue from the observation group were significantly increased (P<0.05). Furthermore, the expression level of COX-2 and @entity3623 protein in the gastric tissue from the observation group was significantly higher than that in the tissue from the control group (P<0.05). In vitro analysis showed that the COX-2 and @entity3623 mRNA and protein levels were significantly increased in the Hp-stimulated normal @entity1 gastric mucosal GES-1 cells compared with those in the unstimulated cells. Furthermore, the effect was time-dependent (P<0.05). In conclusion, COX-2 and @entity3623 are the main inflammatory markers. Hp can induce high expression levels of COX-2 and @entity3623 in gastric @entity1613 tissue, which may be associated with the occurrence and development of @entity1613 .

title: Effect of @entity1534 on cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible @entity842 synthase in @entity1 with XXXX and its clinical significance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesion', 'gastric precancerous lesions']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter pylori']

answer: @entity1613 :: (MESH:D011230,Disease) :: ['gastric precancerous lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Obesity and overweight are increasing conditions. Adipose tissue with proinflammatory properties could be involved in @entity309 ( @entity309 ) activity and radiographic progression. This study aims to investigate the influence of overweight and @entity28 on @entity309 activity and severity. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and metaanalysis to assess the association of body mass index (BMI) categories with the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28), functional disability [Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ)], and @entity16 in @entity1 with @entity309 . We searched Medline through PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for all studies assessing DAS28, HAQ, or/and radiographic damage according to predefined BMI groups. RESULTS: Among the 737 citations retrieved, 58 articles met the inclusion criteria and 7 were included in the metaanalysis. DAS28 was higher in @entity28 (BMI > 30 kg/m(2)) than @entity28 (BMI  <= 30 kg/m(2)) @entity1 (mean difference 0.14, 95% CI 0.01-0.27, p = 0.04, I(2) = 0%). HAQ score was also higher among @entity28 @entity1 (mean difference 0.10, 95% CI 0.01-0.19, p = 0.03, I(2) = 0%). @entity16 was negatively associated with @entity28 (standardized mean difference -0.15, 95% CI -0.29 to -0.02, p = 0.03, I(2) = 38%). CONCLUSION: Obesity in @entity309 is associated with increased DAS28 and HAQ score and with lower @entity16 . These associations mainly result from an increase of subjective components of the DAS28 (total joint count and global health assessment) in @entity28 @entity1 . Conflicting results were reported concerning @entity32 markers ( @entity1851 and erythrocyte sedimentation rate).

title: Association of Body Mass Index Categories with Disease Activity and Radiographic Joint Damage in XXXX : A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['non-obese', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['radiographic joint damage', 'Radiographic joint damage']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe a case of @entity1884 , presenting with @entity732 , @entity2479 , @entity2295 , and @entity548 after @entity7026 . METHODS: The authors report a 7-year-old @entity1 with @entity227 in his left eye after embolization of a pineal @entity2758 secondary to @entity1884 . Ophthalmic evaluation, fundus photography, @entity941 angiography, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, electroretinogram, examination under anesthesia, and pars plana vitrectomy ( @entity2286 ) were performed. RESULTS: Fundus examination of the left eye revealed extensive posterior segment @entity63 , vascular tortuosity, and @entity548 . Fluorescein angiography was remarkable for @entity432 , midperipheral nonperfusion, and associated leakage from multiple areas of @entity2295 . Spectral domain optical coherence tomography was normal. Electroretinogram demonstrated decreased b-wave amplitude. The @entity1 was subsequently treated with 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy, panretinal endophotocoagulation, and intravitreal bevacizumab. Five weeks after surgery, best-corrected visual acuity had improved to 20/40, and examination showed resolution of @entity548 and @entity2295 . CONCLUSION: @entity989 , posterior segment @entity63 , and @entity548 suggested a combination of retinal involvement of @entity1884 complicated by nontarget embolization.

title: @entity63 after @entity2758 in a @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7026 :: ('MESH:D002538', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral arteriovenous malformation embolization']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['decreased vision']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity1884 :: ('MESH:D013683', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['Retinal vascular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['partial obstruction of retinal arteries']

entities_list: @entity732 :: ('MESH:D015356', 'Disease') :: ['multiple branch retinal artery occlusions']

answer: @entity1884 :: (MESH:D013683,Disease) :: ['hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia']


abstract: The promise of 'personalized @entity5 care' with therapies toward specific molecular aberrations has potential to improve outcomes. However, there is recognized heterogeneity within any given @entity5 -type from @entity1 to @entity1 (inter- @entity1 heterogeneity), and within an individual (intra- @entity1 heterogeneity) as demonstrated by molecular evolution through space ( @entity5 to @entity3 ) and time (after therapy). These issues have become hurdles to advancing @entity5 treatment outcomes with novel molecularly targeted agents. Classic trial design paradigms are challenged by heterogeneity, as they are unable to test targeted therapeutics against low frequency genomic 'oncogenic driver' aberrations with adequate power. Usual accrual difficulties to clinical trials are exacerbated by low frequencies of any given molecular driver. To address these challenges, there is need for innovative clinical trial designs and strategies implementing novel diagnostic biomarker technologies to account for inter- @entity1 molecular diversity and scarce tissue for analysis. Importantly, there is also need for pre-defined treatment priority algorithms given numerous aberrations commonly observed within any one individual sample. Access to multiple available therapeutic agents simultaneously is crucial. Finally intra- @entity1 heterogeneity through time may be addressed by serial biomarker assessment at the time of @entity5 progression. This report discusses various 'next-generation' biomarker-driven trial designs and their potentials and limitations to tackle these recognized molecular heterogeneity challenges. Regulatory hurdles, with respect to drug and companion diagnostic development and approval, are considered. Focus is on the 'Expansion Platform Design Types I and II', the latter demonstrated with a first example, 'PANGEA: Personalized Anti-Neoplastics for @entity420 '. Applying integral medium-throughput genomic and proteomic assays along with a practical biomarker assessment and treatment algorithm, 'PANGEA' attempts to address the problem of heterogeneity towards successful implementation of molecularly targeted therapies.

title: Next-generation clinical trials: Novel strategies to address the  challenge of XXXX molecular heterogeneity.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Gastro-Esophageal Adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of a modified version of a newly developed therapy for @entity2026 and acquired @entity1741 ( @entity1741 ), Combined @entity2026 and Apraxia of Speech Treatment (CAAST). METHOD: Four speakers with chronic @entity1741 and @entity2026 received CAAST in the context of multiple baseline designs. Dependent variables included language measures (i.e. production of correct information units (CIUs)) and speech production measures (i.e. speech intelligibility and percent correct consonants (PCC) in sentence repetition). RESULT: Three of the @entity1 demonstrated improved CIU production with treated picture sets and two also demonstrated generalization to untreated sets. All @entity1 achieved substantially increased CIU production in an untrained discourse context. Speech intelligibility increased for three of the @entity1 and increases in PCC were observed for all of the @entity1 at two weeks post-treatment. However, PCC improvements were maintained for only two of the speakers at six weeks post-treatment. CONCLUSION: The revised CAAST protocol was associated with improved changes in speech and generalization across contexts in comparison to the previous iteration of CAAST. However, focus on sentence production in generalization practice may have been detrimental to CIU production for one @entity1 .

title: Combined @entity2026 and XXXX treatment (CAAST): Systematic replications in the development of a novel treatment.

entities_list: @entity1741 :: ('OMIM:602081', 'Disease') :: ['apraxia of speech', 'AOS']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['Aphasia', 'aphasia']

answer: @entity1741 :: (OMIM:602081,Disease) :: ['apraxia of speech']


abstract: Nineteen @entity1 with morphological abnormalities of the red blood cells are described, and these formed approximately 3% of the total cases of @entity340 . In two @entity1 the abnormal blood film developed after the insertion of an aortic and mitral valve prosthesis respectively, but in another two @entity1 the abnormal blood film was corrected by aortic valve surgery. Anisopoikilocytosis may have been associated with microangiopathic @entity417 in one @entity1 , but in the others the @entity340 was severe and other mechanical factors were not present. The mitral valve was involved in 16 @entity1 and the aortic valve in eight. Elliptocytosis was the only abnormality in 11 blood films, schistocytes and burr cells were present in seven, and in three there were a few microspherocytes. Family studies in seven @entity1 produced evidence of @entity9048 in three. @entity417 was present in only two @entity1 . One of these had @entity884 , and the other developed overt @entity417 following the replacement of a diseased mitral valve by a Starr-Edwards prosthesis. In this latter case there was a transiently positive direct antiglobulin test, and the @entity417 and abnormal blood picture were corrected without further surgical treatment. @entity417 did not develop in 23 @entity1 after the insertion of an aortic valve prosthesis or homograft. Indirect evidence of haemolysis was obtained in some @entity1 who were not anaemic. There was a reticulocytosis in one third and serum haptoglobins were decreased or absent in over half of the @entity1 tested.

title: Red blood cell abnormalities in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['Haemolytic anaemia', 'anaemia', 'haemolytic anaemia', 'Anaemia']

entities_list: @entity9048 :: ('MESH:D004612', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary elliptocytosis']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac valvular disease']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['cardiac valvular disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of different dosages of @entity1771 (TPM) add-on to stable antiepileptic therapy for refractory @entity302 in adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Pooled intention-to-treat analysis of six similarly designed double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, including 481 @entity1 treated with doses of TPM 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg/day, and 265 @entity1 receiving placebo. RESULTS: @entity410 were reduced by >/=50% from baseline in 41% of TPM-treated @entity1 and 15% of placebo-treated @entity1 (P < 0.001); 5 and 0.8%, respectively, were @entity410 -free (P < 0.003). TPM was significantly better than placebo regardless of gender, age, baseline @entity410 rate as well as number and type of concomitant antiepileptic drugs. Efficacy was statistically significant in favour of TPM at all dose levels: at least 50% @entity410 reduction was achieved in 40% of @entity1 with 200 mg, 41% with 400 mg, 44% with 600 mg and 41% with 800 mg TPM when compared with 15% with placebo (P </= 0.001 for each dosage arm vs placebo). The median reduction in monthly @entity410 frequency was 38%, 42%, 45% and 38% vs 8%, respectively (P </= 0.001). Moreover, response to TPM was significantly superior to placebo at each of the dose levels tested for most of the baseline variables. The total percentage of withdrawals increased with the dosage, and the withdrawals caused by adverse events increased from 3% with placebo to 7% with 200 mg TPM (not significant vs placebo), 15% with 400 mg TPM (P = 0.08), 16% with 600 mg TPM (P = 0.002) and 15% with 800 mg TPM (P = 0.003). CONCLUSION: The efficacy of TPM add-on in @entity302 is consistent across efficacy endpoints and independent of study population characteristics. The response at 200 mg TPM is similar to the response at higher doses, but as drop-outs caused by adverse events are more frequent above the 200 mg dose, this pooled analysis supports that 200 mg daily is a good target dose for add-on therapy in most @entity1 with @entity302 , showing an excellent balance between efficacy and tolerability.

title: A pooled analysis of adjunctive @entity1771 in refractory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizures']

entities_list: @entity1771 :: ('MESH:C052342', 'Chemical') :: ['topiramate']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['partial epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['partial epilepsy']


abstract: @entity53303 who are aware of their increased risk of developing @entity0 may suffer from high @entity147 . Chronic stress may interfere with NCA and low NCA is associated with increased @entity5 risk. We studied 80 @entity53303 and 47 age- and education-matched healthy females (controls). Heparinized venous blood (30 ml) was drawn from all subjects between 8 and 9 A.M., and each @entity1 answered a set of psychologic questionnaires. In addition, the first-morning urine sample was collected. @entity53303 scored significantly higher in @entity147 compared to controls. Levels of stress hormones in @entity53303 were higher and in vitro secretion of @entity1199 , IL-12 and @entity379 lower compared to controls. NCA against NK-resistant (MCF-7, COLO-205, U937) and NK-sensitive (K562) cell lines was significantly lower in @entity53303 and much less augmented by in vitro preincubation with @entity1199 or IL-12 compared to controls. NCA and in vitro @entity1198 cytokine secretion were inversely correlated with the @entity147 and the level of stress hormones in blood or urine. High @entity147 and elevated levels of stress hormones are associated with impaired immune surveillance functions in @entity53303 . This may contribute to the increased risk of @entity53303 to develop @entity0 . An interventional trial to enhance coping and reduce stress levels may help to decrease the risk for @entity0 onset in @entity53303 .

title: Increased @entity147 in daughters of XXXX @entity1 is associated with decreased natural cytotoxic activity, elevated levels of stress hormones and decreased secretion of @entity1198 cytokines.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participant']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['emotional distress', 'degree of emotional distress']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the most commonly used @entity1 -reported outcome (PRO) measures in clinical vestibular research, and to assess their test characteristics and applicability to the study of age-related @entity393 in clinical trials. DATA SOURCES: We performed a systematic review of the PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and PsycINFO databases from 1950 to August 13,  2013. STUDY SELECTION: PRO measures were defined as outcomes that capture the subjective experience of the @entity1 (eg, symptoms, functional status, health perceptions, quality of life). Two independent reviewers selected studies that used PRO measures in clinical vestibular research. Disparities were resolved with consensus between the reviewers. Of 2260 articles initially found in the literature search, 255 full-text articles were retrieved for assessment. Of these, 104 met inclusion criteria for data collection. DATA EXTRACTION: PRO measures were identified by 2 independent reviewers. The 4 most commonly used PROs were evaluated for their applicability to the condition of age-related @entity393 . Specifically, for these 4 PROs, data were collected pertaining to instrument test-retest reliability, item domains, and target population of the instrument. DATA SYNTHESIS: A total of 50 PRO instruments were identified. The 4 most frequently used PROs were the Dizziness Handicap Inventory, Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale, Vertigo Symptom Scale-short form, and visual analog scale. Of these 4 PROs, 3 were validated for use in @entity1 with @entity394 and 1 was validated in community-dwelling older individuals with @entity73 . Items across the 4 PROs were categorized into 3 domains based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: activity, participation, and body functions and structures. CONCLUSIONS: None of the most commonly used PRO instruments were validated for use in community-dwelling older adults with age-related @entity393 . Nevertheless, the 3 common domains of items identified across these 4 PRO instruments may be generalizable to older adults and provide a basis for developing a PRO instrument designed to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions targeted toward age-related @entity393 .

title: Systematic review of XXXX -reported outcome measures in clinical vestibular research.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['balance impairments']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular loss']

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Antimicrobial resistance among the Viridans group of streptococci (VGS) has emerged as a hindrance to effective antibiotic therapy. Our objective was to evaluate the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant VGS in healthy @entity1 . Plaque samples were collected from tooth and tongue surfaces of 102 healthy subjects. Serially diluted samples were inoculated onto BHI agar plates and Mitis Salivarius Agar (MSA) plates and incubated as appropriate. Representative colonies were identified to species level by standard methods. Susceptibility of the VGS was performed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 11 antibiotics using Etest. Of the 540 VGS isolates from both sites, 58% were from the tooth surfaces and 42% from the tongue. The most prevalent were @entity20842 (21.5%) and @entity885 (16.3%). Imipenem and @entity2176 had excellent activities. Resistance rates to @entity206 , @entity115 , @entity3400 , @entity2929 , @entity2261 and @entity5821 , were 60.7, 40.8, 34.7, 32.6, 27.5 and 25.3%, respectively. Resistance rates to @entity114 and @entity3402 were 15.9% and 15.4%, respectively. The majority of the @entity2929 -resistant isolates were from the tongue; 41% versus 29%. At the species level, 26% and 23% of @entity20842 and 23% and 14% of @entity6586 from the tooth and tongue, respectively were resistant to @entity114 . The data show species-related and site-related variations in the susceptibility pattern and an emerging high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant VGS. The difference in the susceptibilities between the species underscores the importance of accurate-identification and the need for surveillance of antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates in our hospitals.

title: High frequency of isolation of antibiotic-resistant oral Viridans streptococci from XXXX in Kuwait.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2261 :: ('MESH:D002444', 'Chemical') :: ['cefuroxime']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity5821 :: ('MESH:D002512', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalothin']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The metabolism of high grade @entity816 was studied in 15 @entity1 using intra-tumoural microdialysis. Two catheters were implanted during a stereotactic biopsy procedure: one in the @entity5 and one in the peri-tumoural tissue. The @entity1 were fully mobilized the same day as the operation. Microdialysis samples were collected the next day and subsequently analysed for @entity413 , @entity880 , @entity2388 , @entity2227 and @entity653 . The main objective was to establish base-line levels of the studied substances. In addition, an in vitro experiment was performed in order to estimate recovery for the flow rates and catheters used. @entity413 showed a tendency to be lower in @entity5 than in peri-tumoural tissue, indicating a high energy demand of the @entity5 . @entity880 was significantly higher in @entity5 tissue. This supports previous reports that high grade astrocytomas use glycolysis rather than respiration to meet their energy demand. The @entity5 were also classified into necrotic and non-necrotic, according to the radiological finding. The @entity5 showed significantly higher levels of @entity2227 . They also presented a tendency to higher levels of @entity653 than the @entity5 . These findings might be explained by the release of intracellular @entity2227 and of cell-membrane @entity653 by cell destruction. We believe that microdialysis in awake and mobilized @entity1 will prove to be a valuable tool in investigating metabolic events in malignant @entity1313 especially during therapy.

title: Baseline levels of @entity413 metabolites, @entity2227 and XXXX in malignant glioma assessed by stereotactic microdialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic tumours', 'tumours', 'non-necrotic tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactate', 'lactate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity653 :: (MESH:D005990,Chemical) :: ['glycerol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate exhaled @entity3727 (e @entity3727 ), exhaled CO (eCO), and serum @entity12314 concentrations as diagnostic criteria for @entity291 @entity1576 (BRD) and determine whether a combination of biomarkers would be useful for predicting health outcomes of heifer @entity291 . ANIMALS: 337 heifer @entity291 newly arrived at a feedlot. PROCEDURES: Body weights, serum @entity12314 concentrations, and rumen temperatures were determined. @entity291 (n = 183) were randomly selected for breath sampling. Variables were compared among @entity291 that remained healthy and those requiring treatment. RESULTS: Body weight at the time of first and second antimicrobial treatments did not differ from that at arrival, whereas body weight at the time of third antimicrobial treatment was lower. Temperature was lower at arrival, compared with that during antimicrobial treatment. Ratio of e @entity3727 :eCO(2) was lowest at arrival, intermediate at the first and second antimicrobial treatments, and greatest at the third antimicrobial treatment. Ratio of eCO:eCO(2) was greater at times of antimicrobial treatment, compared with arrival. Concentration of serum @entity12314 was greatest at the time of the first antimicrobial treatment, lowest at the times of second and third treatments, and intermediate at arrival. Arrival ratios of e @entity3727 : e @entity515 and eCO:eCO(2) and concentration of @entity12314 did not differ among heifers subsequently treated 1, 2, or 3 times. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although breath analysis was successfully implemented in a research feedlot, arrival rumen temperature, e @entity3727 , eCO, and @entity12314 concentration were not accurate in predicting occurrence of BRD during a preconditioning program. However, these biomarkers might support the diagnosis of BRD.

title: Evaluation of breath biomarkers and serum @entity12314 concentration for diagnosis of @entity291 XXXX in heifers newly arrived at a feedlot.

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['Calves', 'bovine', 'calves']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have demonstrated that intranasal administration of inactivated (fixed) @entity5092 (iFt) live vaccine strain (LVS) in conjunction with the mucosal adjuvant, cholera toxin B ( @entity12338 ), provides full protection against subsequent lethal challenge with Ft LVS and partial protection against the more virulent Ft SchuS4 strain. Understanding the mechanisms of @entity12338 -induced immune stimulation that confer protection against Ft will be valuable to the development of an effective vaccine against this highly virulent fatal pathogen. In this study, an in vitro system was utilized to further elucidate the immunologic adjuvant effect of @entity12338 when administered with the fixed bacterial immunogen iFt. METHODS: The @entity19 macrophage cell line (RAW264.7) was treated with combinations of iFt and @entity12338 . The treated RAW264.7 cells and their supernatants were collected and assessed for cell surface marker expression and cytokine secretion. In addition, the ability of RAW264.7 cells to present bacterial antigens (iFt or LVS) to an Ft-specific T-cell hybridoma cell line, following exposure to @entity12338 , was analyzed. RESULTS: We found that RAW264.7 cells responded to treatment with iFt + @entity12338 by an increased secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 and @entity5 @entity39 factor a and upregulation of the surface expression of @entity1990 and the costimulatory molecules @entity8271 and @entity11787 . Furthermore, the experimental vaccine treatment iFt + @entity12338 enhanced the ability of macrophages to present iFt antigens to an FT-specific T-cell hybridoma cell line, although they failed to do so with LVS. CONCLUSION: The adjuvant @entity12338 administered in conjunction with iFt showed evidence of enhancing an antigen-specific proinflammatory response in vitro. These observations allow us to define, in part, the mechanisms of immune activation conferred by mucosal administration of iFt + @entity12338 against lethal @entity5092 challenge.

title: Cholera toxin B induced activation of XXXX macrophages exposed to a fixed bacterial immunogen.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5092 :: ('263', 'Species') :: ['Francisella tularensis', 'F. tularensis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of local superficial radiotherapy with respect to local control, survival, and @entity137 for @entity1 with "minimal" stage IA @entity784 ( @entity4888 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1954 and 1996 a total of 21 @entity1 were identified as receiving curative local superficial radiation (LSR) for minimal stage IA @entity4888 . All @entity1 had pathologic documentation at diagnosis and at the time of suspected recurrences and no @entity1 received prior radiation. Ten @entity1 were treated with 100-280 Kv (A1), and 11 with 4-12 Mev electrons. Nine @entity1 had failed prior therapies ( @entity230 : 4; PUVA: 3; BCNU: 1; UVB: 1) and six received adjuvant therapy after completion of LSR (PUVA: 5; @entity230 : 1). Minimum follow-up was 1 year. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 36 months (13-246), and the median age when commencing LSR was 55 years (27-73). All @entity1 were Caucasian, and 11 were male. A total of 32 lesions were identified in 21 @entity1 ; 13 @entity1 had unilesional disease, 5 @entity1 had 2 lesions, and 3 had 3 lesions. A total of 33 fields were treated with a median treatment surface area of 107 cm2 (11-785). The median surface dose was 20 Gy (6-40), with 17 @entity1 receiving a dose > or = 20 Gy. The median fraction number was 5 for all fields, but was 10 for the fields receiving 20-40 Gy. The complete response rate was 97%, and all @entity1 were alive at last evaluation. All failures were cutaneous. One @entity1 had persistent disease (treated with 6 Gy), and three failed locally at 52 months (8 Gy), 16 months (20 Gy), and 4 months (20 Gy). None of these @entity1 received adjuvant therapy. Two @entity1 failed in distant skin sites and were salvaged. The actuarial DFS for the entire group at 5 and 10 years was 75 and 64%, respectively, with local control of 75% at both time intervals. For the 13 @entity1 with unilesional disease, the DFS was 85% at 10 years. For those treated with doses > or = 20 Gy, the DFS was 91% as was local control (no distant failures). @entity137 included mild erythema and dry desquamation acutely. Chronic @entity137 included @entity1909 [2], and @entity8721 [1]. No second cutaneous @entity1503 was noted. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with minimal Stage IA @entity4888 may be managed effectively with local superficial radiation alone without adjuvant therapy. Distant failure is unusual and @entity1 should receive a minimum surface dose of 20 Gy, which offers excellent local control. Sequalae of therapy are minimal.

title: Local superficial radiotherapy in the management of minimal stage IA XXXX ( @entity4888 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4888 :: ('MESH:D009182', 'Disease') :: ['Mycosis Fungoides']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies or hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity784 :: (MESH:D016399,Disease) :: ['cutaneous T-cell lymphoma']