abstract: UNASSIGNED: There is currently no consensus on the treatment sequence in @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ), although it is recognized that early diagnosis is of paramount importance to start treatment in the early stages of the disease. Although it is fairly consensual that initial treatment should be with an inhaled short-acting beta agonist, a short-acting muscarinic antagonist, a long-acting beta-agonist or a long-acting muscarinic antagonist. As the disease progresses, several therapeutic options are available, and which to choose at each disease stage remains controversial. When and in which @entity1 to use dual bronchodilation? When to use inhaled corticosteroids? And triple therapy? Are the existing non-inhaled therapies, such as mucolytic agents, antibiotics, phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors, @entity69363 and immunostimulating agents, useful? If so, which @entity1 would benefit? Should co-morbitities be taken into account when choosing @entity1030 therapy for a @entity1 ? This paper reviews current guidelines and available evidence and proposes a therapeutic scheme for @entity1030 @entity1 . We also propose a treatment algorithm in the hope that it will help physicians to decide the best approach for their @entity1 . The authors conclude that, at present, a full consensus on optimal treatment sequence in @entity1030 cannot be found, mainly due to disease heterogeneity and lack of biomarkers to guide treatment. For the time being, and although some therapeutic approaches are consensual, treatment of @entity1030 should be @entity1 -oriented.

title: Optimal treatment sequence in XXXX : Can a consensus be found?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity69363 :: ('C008514', 'Chemical') :: ['methylxanthines']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe @entity221 with @entity882 (SFTS) is a tick-borne, novel bunyavirus-caused @entity7823 . It becomes a threat to public health due to its high fatality rate. OBJECTIVE: To clarify the epidemiological characteristics of SFTS and natural host(s) of SFTS-causing virus (SFTSV) in East China. STUDY DESIGN: Serum antibody against SFTSV in 496 healthy villagers was examined by ELISA. SFTSV in acute sera of SFTS cases and lung tissues of house and field @entity19 / @entity35 were identified using quantitative RT-PCR, cell culture, and sequencing. RESULTS: A total of 22 laboratory-confirmed SFTS cases were diagnosed between 2012 and 2014, of which 5 (22.7%) reported a history of @entity5864 . The seroprevalance of SFTSV antibody was 10.5% in healthy villagers. SFTSV genomic RNAs were identified in 2 of 8 @entity16554 but not in @entity35 (n=40) and Rattus losea (n=4). The 3 segments of SFTSV from 11 SFTS cases and 2 A. agrarius were successfully sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that at least 3 different SFTSV strains (inland-type, Ningbo-native-type, and their reassortant-type) were present in Ningbo. The 3 segments of the 2 SFTSV isolates from A. agrarius shared great sequence homologies to those isolated from the @entity1 living in nearby villages. CONCLUSION: The present study indicated that A. agrarius might be a natural host of SFTSV in East China.

title: @entity16554 is a potential natural host of severe XXXX with @entity882 (SFTS)-causing novel bunyavirus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia syndrome']

entities_list: @entity7823 :: ('MESH:D021821', 'Disease') :: ['emerging infectious disease']

entities_list: @entity16554 :: ('39030', 'Species') :: ['Apodemus agrarius']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Rattus norvegicus', 'rats']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['fever']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of @entity172 deprivation and replacement in amenorrheic and nonamenorrheic dancers on hormone therapy and @entity460 . DESIGN: Clinical, placebo-controlled, randomized trial study.Healthy volunteers in an academic research environment. @entity1 (S): Fifty-five dancers (mean age: 22.0 +/- 4.6, age at menarche: 14.7 +/- 2.3 years), including 24 amenorrheics. INTERVENTION(S): Amenorrheics were randomized in a controlled trial to receive placebo or @entity17916 , 0.625 mg for 25 days monthly, with Provera, 10 mg, for 10 of these 25 days (hormone therapy) for 2 years. These @entity1 were compared to normally menstruating controls. The study @entity1 also received 1250 mg of @entity460 per day. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): @entity79 ( @entity79 ) measured at the foot, wrist, and lumbar spine. Our overall results showed no difference in @entity79 between the treated or placebo groups, indicating that hormone therapy did not change or normalize @entity79 when compared to normals. Five @entity1 (all on placebo) who resumed menses during the study showed an increase in @entity79 without normalization. CONCLUSION(S): These findings suggest that mechanisms other than hypoestrogenism may be involved with the @entity2331 associated with exercise-induced @entity2588 .

title: Persistent XXXX in ballet dancers with @entity2588 and delayed menarche despite hormone therapy: a longitudinal study.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity2331 :: (MESH:D001851,Disease) :: ['osteopenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the multifactorial relationship between illness insight, cognitive and emotional processes, and illness characteristics in @entity162 @entity1 . METHODS: Data from 85 euthymic or mildly to moderately @entity308 @entity1 were evaluated. Insight was measured using the Mood Disorder Insight Scale (total score and subscale scores: awareness of illness, symptom attribution, and need for treatment). Cognitive and emotional functioning was measured in four domains (processing speed, memory, executive functioning, and emotional learning) in addition to premorbid IQ. Illness characteristics were assessed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, the Questionnaire for @entity162 , and the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-self rating scale. Regression analyses were performed for the whole sample. Post-hoc, interactions with @entity716 ( @entity716 ) were statistically tested and if significant, analyses were repeated for @entity1 with (n = 36) and without (n = 49) @entity716 separately. RESULTS: In the whole group, better insight was associated with lower processing speed, better memory performance, increased emotional learning, higher level of @entity308 , and longer duration of illness. @entity1 with @entity716 had worse awareness of illness, but better symptom attribution than @entity1 without @entity716 . No group differences for need for treatment and overall insight were found. Finally, processing speed significantly predicted subscores for symptom attribution in @entity1 with @entity716 only. CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive functioning as well as @entity4207 and @entity716 features independently contributes to impaired insight in @entity162 . Processing speed seems to be a key variable in the prediction of insight in @entity1 with @entity716 and not in @entity1 without @entity716 .

title: Insight in XXXX : associations with cognitive and emotional processing and illness characteristics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'Bipolar Disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depressed bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['impairments in emotional learning']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['LPF', 'psychotic', 'lifetime psychotic features']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Operation for @entity697 during the active phase violates a basic surgical rule not to implant a foreign body into an infective process, resulting in a high operative mortality and the risk of early recurrent @entity884 . Several investigators analyzing risk factors for perioperative mortality and morbidity presented strategies for more favorable outcomes, but most studies suffer from the drawback of heterogeneous populations observed over a long period of time. METHODS: We present a prospective study on 138 @entity1 operated on from March 1988 to March 1996. @entity1 were only included if the activity of the infection was proved by positive culture of the valve leaflets or by histologic staining. During the observation period, indication for operation, surgical approach, and postoperative antibiotic therapy were standardized as much as possible. After radical debridement of all parts of infected tissue, valve replacement was carried out with mechanical prostheses. RESULTS: The early mortality was 11.5% overall. High New York Heart Association functional classification, advanced age, and staphylococcal disease were significant risk factors for early mortality. The site of infection, multiple valve involvement, and @entity340 did not affect the outcome. Early recurrent @entity884 was recorded in only 3 @entity1 of the entire series. CONCLUSIONS: In case of @entity884 , valve replacement with mechanical prostheses is a safe procedure, if radical operation and aggressive postoperative antibiotic therapy are performed. For further improvements of the results, earlier operation is advisable in @entity1 with rapidly progressive @entity299 and in most cases of @entity884 .

title: Operation for XXXX : results after implantation of mechanical valves.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac deterioration']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['prosthetic valve endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['acute infective endocarditis', 'endocarditis', 'staphylococcal endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['infective endocarditis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The increased mortality of emergency vs. elective colonic surgery applies equally to the right and left colon. Recent interest has surrounded the application of expandable metal stenting in acute obstruction but has been confined to the left colon. We describe successful application of stenting in the right colon, allowing postponement of a particularly high-risk laparotomy. METHODS: A @entity1 with acute bilateral iliofemoral thromboses simultaneously developed @entity1049 . After heparinization and under fluoroscopic control, a 10-cm-long, self-expanding Wall-stent (Schneider, Bulach, Switzerland), 22 mm in diameter, was manipulated across the obstruction. RESULTS: Immediate decompression with symptomatic relief ensued. The stent prevented obstruction during a 10-week period of anticoagulation, and repeat duplex scanning showed resolution of iliac @entity715 . An elective right hemicolectomy was then performed. Postoperative course was uncomplicated, and histopathology confirmed a Dukes B @entity189 . CONCLUSIONS: This case, in which a potentially hazardous laparotomy was delayed until the operative risk improved, defines a new role for stenting in @entity694 and demonstrates an extension of its applicability to the right colon. Literature review found no other report of stent application in the right colon.

title: Expandable metal stent application in obstructing XXXX of the proximal colon: report of a case.

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['complete obstruction of the proximal transverse colon']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The American Association of Poison Control Center (AAPCC) shows that in 2012 there were 0.3% of @entity1 exposures involving mushrooms. Only 17% of 6600 cases were then identified by the species. The present retrospective study was designed to identify the epidemiology of @entity18277 in adults admitted to Krakow's Department of Clinical Toxicology (DCT) from 2002 to 2009. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted retrospectively after examining the files of 457 adult @entity1 with wild @entity18277 . Mycological analysis was made and the species of the @entity4968 -inducing mushroom was determined. Furthermore, the circumstances related to the mushroom gathering, transport, storage, preparation, and consumption have been analyzed. RESULTS: The analysis revealed that in 400 (87.53%) out of 457 cases, the clinical symptoms were caused by ingestion of identified edible mushroom species. The main reason for edible @entity18277 is associated with their incorrect processing after harvest. The analysis of the circumstances of mushroom collection, transport, and storage shows that the largest percentage of @entity4968 was connected with long-term storage of mushroom dishes, collecting, and storing them in plastic bags, and long storage of mushrooms. CONCLUSION: Based on spore analysis of the gastric content, edible mushrooms were responsible for the great majority of @entity18277 cases admitted to the DCT. The @entity137 of edible mushroom is associated with proceeding with them during collection, transport, and storage. The medical history should be supplemented by questions concerning these circumstances. The identification of the mushroom by a mycologist is highly desirable.

title: Edible mushroom-related XXXX : A study on circumstances of mushroom collection, transport, and storage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity18277 :: ('MESH:D009145', 'Disease') :: ['mushroom poisoning']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity4968 :: (MESH:D011041,Disease) :: ['poisoning']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity130 is common in @entity75 , but the link with @entity409 is unknown. We hypothesized that alterations of cerebral autoregulation are associated with @entity130 in neonates treated with @entity2332 ( @entity2332 ) for @entity75 . METHODS: The cerebral hemoglobin volume index ( @entity28682 ) from near-infrared spectroscopy was used to identify the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) with optimal autoregulatory vasoreactivity (MAPOPT). We measured associations between MAP relative to MAPOPT and indicators of @entity130 (duration of mechanical respiratory support and administration of inhaled @entity842 (iNO), @entity7604 , or @entity230 ). RESULTS: We identified associations between cerebrovascular autoregulation and @entity130 that were often sex-specific. Greater MAP deviation above MAPOPT was associated with shorter duration of intubation in @entity1 but longer ventilatory support in @entity1 . Greater MAP deviation below MAPOPT related to longer intensive care stay in @entity1 . @entity7604 was associated with greater MAP deviation below MAPOPT in @entity1 . CONCLUSION: MAP deviation from MAPOPT may relate to @entity130 after @entity75 , and sex may modulate this relationship. Whereas MAP above MAPOPT may protect the brain and lungs in @entity1 , it may be related to @entity130 in @entity1 . Future studies are needed to characterize the role of sex in these associations.Pediatric Research (2017); doi:10.1038/pr.2017.23.

title: Sex-specific associations between cerebrovascular blood pressure autoregulation and @entity130 in @entity75 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary injury', 'Cardiopulmonary injury']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity7604 :: ('MESH:D020105', 'Chemical') :: ['milrinone', 'Milrinone']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['TH', 'therapeutic hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['therapeutic hypothermia']


abstract: There is a need for effective, well-tolerated antiarrhythmic agents, particularly those effective by both intravenous and oral routes. @entity11959 , a new antiarrhythmic drug with such properties, was given long-term orally to 24 @entity1 controlled initially with intravenous therapy--19 with frequent (greater than 1/min) complex @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ) on a baseline 24-hour Holter monitor and five with ongoing sustained @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) or frequent paroxysmal sustained @entity1165 , for a mean of 13 months (range 0.03 to 39.4 months). Long-term @entity11959 was given in divided doses of 200 to 800 mg/day (median 260, mean 269 +/- 90 mg/day). Response to long-term @entity11959 therapy was assessed at a mean of both 26 days and 12.2 months. Frequency of @entity1540 on baseline averaged 13,490/24 hours (median 10,578, range 2,115 to 61,716); couplets averaged 309/24 hours (median 166, range 0 to 5,686), and runs averaged 33/24 hours (median 30, range 0 to 2,951). Median frequency of @entity1540 decreased by 94% (p much less than 0.001) and 97% (p less than 0.01) at the first and second @entity11959 efficacy assessments, respectively. Couplets decreased by a median of 99% (p much less than 0.001) and 100% (p less than 0.005) at the first and second assessments, respectively. Runs were suppressed by a median of 100% at both evaluations (p much less than 0.001). Only three (16%) of the @entity1 with complex @entity1540 failed to respond to therapy. No recurrence during @entity11959 has been noted in the five @entity1 with ongoing sustained @entity1165 or recurrent episodes of @entity1165 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Initial and long-term outpatient experience with XXXX for suppression of malignant and potentially malignant ventricular arrhythmias.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity11959 :: ('MESH:C015970', 'Chemical') :: ['Lorcainide', 'lorcainide']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['premature ventricular complexes', 'PVCs']

answer: @entity11959 :: (MESH:C015970,Chemical) :: ['lorcainide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between @entity5433 in @entity15 ( @entity15 ) and @entity409 evaluated with the vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP) score and conventional MRI. METHODS: Forty-five @entity1 with the diagnosis of @entity922 ( @entity922 ) suggestive of @entity15 were enrolled. VEMP, heart rate, and blood pressure responses to the Valsalva maneuver, heart rate response to deep @entity1353 , and @entity158 provoked head-up tilt table test, as well as brain and spinal cord MRI were performed. RESULTS: There was no difference in the VEMP score between @entity1 with and without signs of sympathetic or parasympathetic dysfunction. However, @entity1 with @entity1163 had significantly lower VEMP score compared to @entity1 without @entity1163 (p<0.01). @entity1 with @entity551 ( @entity551 ) showed a trend of higher VEMP score compared to @entity1 without @entity551 (p=0.06). There was no difference in the presence of lesions in the brainstem or cervical spinal cord between @entity1 with or without any of the studied autonomic parameters. The model consisting of a VEMP score of  <=5 and normal MRI of the midbrain and cervical spinal cord has sensitivity and specificity of 83% for the possibility that the @entity1 with @entity15 can develop @entity1163 . CONCLUSIONS: Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying functional and structural @entity3002 in @entity15 differ significantly. While preserved brainstem function is needed for development of @entity2383 like @entity551 could be associated with @entity409 .

title: @entity409 protects against @entity1163 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['disorders of autonomic nervous system']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['OH', 'orthostatic hypotension']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinically isolated syndrome', 'CIS']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['syncope, structural disorders']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of plasma treatment using @entity3503 and @entity26 gases, combined with fiber position on flexural properties of a fiber-reinforced composite. Eleven groups were evaluated, a non-reinforced control group and 10 groups reinforced with InFibra, a woven @entity691 fiber, varying according to the plasma treatment and fiber position. The samples were prepared using a stainless steel two-piece matrix. The three point bending test was performed in an EMIC testing machine. Flexural strength (FS) and @entity69208 ( @entity69208 ) were calculated from initial (IF) and final (FF) failure. Data were evaluated statistically using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (p<0.05). For IF, in all groups with fibers placed on the base, the FS and @entity69208 values were significantly higher than those positioned away from the base. The highest value of FS was obtained in the group treated with O 3 min (296.2 MPa) and the highest value of @entity69208 was obtained in the group treated with 1 min (0.109 mm). For FF the FS and @entity69208 values obtained for the groups with fibers positioned away from the base were similar or higher than those placed on the base. The highest FS value was obtained in the group treated with 1 min (317.5 MPa) and the highest @entity69208 value was obtained in the group treated with O 3 min (0.177 mm). Plasma treatment influenced FS and @entity69208 . Fiber position and plasma treatment affected the flexural properties of a fiber-reinforced composite.

title: Effect of Plasma and Fiber Position on Flexural Properties of a XXXX Fiber-Reinforced Composite.

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity69208 :: ('MESH:C566278', 'Disease') :: ['flexural deflection', 'FD']

answer: @entity691 :: (MESH:D020959,Chemical) :: ['Polyethylene']


abstract: @entity12020 ( @entity12020 ) is a profibrotic factor acting downstream and independently of @entity2533 to mediate @entity8 . Although @entity32 is often involved in the initiation and/or progression of @entity82 , the role of inflammatory cytokines in regulation of glomerular @entity12020 expression, cellular proliferation, and extracellular matrix accumulation is unknown. We studied two such cytokines, @entity310 and @entity379 , for their effects on cultured mesangial cells in the presence or absence of @entity2533 , as a model for progressive @entity8 . Short-term treatment with @entity310 , like @entity2533 , significantly increased secreted @entity12020 per cell, but unlike @entity2533 inhibited cellular replication. @entity310 combined with @entity2533 further increased @entity12020 secretion and mRNA levels and reduced proliferation. Surprisingly, however, @entity310 treatment decreased baseline collagen type I protein and mRNA levels and largely blocked their stimulation by @entity2533 . Long-term treatment with @entity2533 or @entity310 alone no longer increased @entity12020 protein levels. However, the combination synergistically increased @entity12020 . @entity379 had no effect on either @entity12020 or collagen activity and produced a mild inhibition of @entity2533 -induced collagen only at a high concentration (500 U/ml). In summary, we report a strong positive regulatory role for @entity310 , but not @entity379 , in @entity12020 production and secretion, including that driven by @entity2533 . The stimulation of @entity12020 release by @entity310 , unlike @entity2533 , is independent of cellular proliferation and not linked to increased collagen type I accumulation. This suggests that the paradigm of @entity2533 -driven @entity12020 with subsequent collagen production may be overridden by an as yet undefined inhibitory mechanism acting either directly or indirectly on matrix metabolism.

title: XXXX , but not @entity379 , regulates @entity12020 ( @entity12020 ), collagen type I, and proliferation in mesangial cells: possible roles in the progression of @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity12020 :: ('1490', 'Gene') :: ['CCN2', 'Connective tissue growth factor']

answer: @entity310 :: (7124,Gene) :: ['TNF-alpha']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9052 has been shown to exert antistress effects both in vitro and in vivo. However, the effects of @entity9052 on stress in brain cells are not well understood. This study investigated how Korean Red @entity9052 (KRG) controls @entity273 -induced apoptosis via regulation of @entity4357 -3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt and @entity172 receptor (ER)-b signaling. METHODS: @entity1 @entity521 SK-N-SH cells were pretreated with KRG and subsequently exposed to @entity274 . The ability of KRG to inhibit oxidative stress-induced apoptosis was assessed in @entity98 @entity137 assays. Apoptotic protein expression was examined by Western blot analysis. The roles of ER-b, PI3K, and p-Akt signaling in KRG regulation of apoptosis were studied using small interfering RNAs and/or target antagonists. RESULTS: Pretreating SK-N-SH cells with KRG decreased expression of the proapoptotic proteins p-p53 and @entity522 , but increased expression of the antiapoptotic protein @entity588 . KRG pretreatment was also associated with increased ER-b, PI3K, and p-Akt expression. Conversely, ER-b inhibition with small interfering RNA or inhibitor treatment increased p-p53 and @entity522 levels, but decreased @entity588 , PI3K, and p-Akt expression. Moreover, inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling diminished p-p53 and @entity522 levels, but increased @entity588 expression. CONCLUSION: Collectively, the data indicate that KRG represses oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by enhancing PI3K/Akt signaling via upregulation of ER-b expression.

title: Korean Red XXXX inhibits apoptosis in @entity521 cells via @entity172 receptor b-mediated @entity4357 -3 kinase/Akt signaling.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity9052 :: ('4054', 'Species') :: ['Ginseng', 'ginseng']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity9052 :: (4054,Species) :: ['Ginseng']


abstract: @entity308 ( @entity308 ) is a debilitating disorder of altered mood regulation. Despite well established sex differences in @entity308 prevalence, the mechanism underlying the increased female vulnerability remains unknown. Although evidence suggests an influence of adult circulating hormone levels on mood (i.e. activational effects of hormones), @entity308 prevalence is consistently higher in @entity1 across life stages (and therefore hormonal states), suggesting that additional underlying structural or biological differences place @entity1 at higher risk. Studies in @entity1 subjects and in rodent models suggest a developmental origin for @entity1316 , and interestingly, a developmental process also establishes sex differences in the brain. Hence, based on these parallel developmental trajectories, we hypothesized that a proportion of the female higher vulnerability to @entity308 may originate from the differential organization of mood regulatory neural networks early in life (i.e. organizational effects of hormones). To test this hypothesis in a rodent system, we took advantage of a well-established technique used in the field of sexual differentiation (neonatal injection with @entity251 ) to masculinize sexually dimorphic brain regions in female @entity19 . We then investigated adult behavioral consequences relating to emotionality by comparing neonatal @entity251 -treated females to normal males and females. Under baseline/trait conditions, neonatal @entity251 treatment of female @entity19 did not influence @entity4479 , but masculinized adult locomotor activity, as revealed by the activational actions of hormones. Conversely, the increased vulnerability of female @entity19 to develop high emotionality following unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) was partially masculinized by neonatal @entity251 exposure, with no effect on post-UCMS locomotion. The elevated female UCMS-induced vulnerability did not differ between adult hormone treated groups. These results demonstrate that sex differences in @entity4479 in @entity19 are partially caused by the organizational effects of sex hormones during development, hence supporting a developmental hypothesis of the @entity1 adult female prevalence of @entity308 .

title: Neonatal XXXX partially organizes sex differences in stress-induced emotionality in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'Major depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity4479 :: ('MESH:C538052', 'Disease') :: ['adult emotionality']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['testosterone']


abstract: PURPOSE: To  apply a novel self-gating k-space sorted 4-dimensional MRI (SG-KS-4D-MRI) method to overcome limitations due to anisotropic resolution and rebinning artifacts and to monitor @entity788 motion. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Ten @entity1 were imaged using 4D-CT, cine 2-dimensional MRI (2D-MRI), and the SG-KS-4D-MRI, which is a spoiled gradient recalled echo sequence with 3-dimensional radial-sampling k-space projections and 1-dimensional projection-based self-gating. @entity5 volumes were defined on all phases in both 4D-MRI and 4D-CT and then compared. RESULTS: An isotropic resolution of 1.56  mm was achieved in the SG-KS-4D-MRI images, which showed superior soft-tissue contrast to 4D-CT and appeared to be  free of stitching artifacts. The @entity5 motion trajectory cross-correlations (mean      SD)  between SG-KS-4D-MRI and cine 2D-MRI in superior-inferior, anterior-posterior, and medial-lateral directions were 0.93      0.03, 0.83      0.10, and 0.74      0.18, respectively. The @entity5 motion trajectories cross-correlations between SG-KS-4D-MRI and 4D-CT in superior-inferior, anterior-posterior, and medial-lateral directions were 0.91      0.06, 0.72      0.16, and 0.44      0.24, respectively. The average standard deviation of gross @entity5 volume calculated from  the 10 breathing phases was 0.81  cm(3) and 1.02  cm(3) for SG-KS-4D-MRI and 4D-CT, respectively (P=.012). CONCLUSIONS: A novel SG-KS-4D-MRI acquisition method capable of reconstructing rebinning artifact-free, high-resolution 4D-MRI images was used to quantify @entity5 motion. The resultant @entity788 motion trajectories agreed well with 2D-cine-MRI and 4D-CT. The @entity788 volumes shown in the different phases for the SG-KS-4D-MRI were statistically significantly more consistent than those in the 4D-CT.

title: Four-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging  With 3-Dimensional Radial Sampling and Self-Gating-Based K-Space Sorting: Early Clinical Experience on @entity788 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'pancreas tumor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the disease-free survival results of prophylactic central neck dissection for @entity3557 preoperatively staged as N0. DESIGN: Inception cohort. SETTING: Head and neck surgery unit at a national oncologic center. @entity1 : @entity1 with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of stage N0 @entity3557 but no previous oncologic treatment, no recurrent @entity5 , and no distant @entity3 . INTERVENTION: Central neck dissection intended as curative treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Disease-free survival. Demographic, clinical, therapeutic, pathologic, and neck recurrence information was also collected. RESULTS: A total of 266 @entity1 were included. Mean (SD) follow-up time was 6.9 (4.3) years. Ninety percent of @entity1 had a follow-up longer than 2 years. Prophylactic central neck dissection was performed in 136 @entity1 (51.3%). Of those @entity1 who underwent central neck dissection, 112 had metastatic lymph nodes (82.3%). Neck recurrence occurred in 45 @entity1 (16.9%). Overall, 5-year neck disease-free survival was 86.8%; it was 88.2% in the central neck dissection group vs 85.6% in the group that did not undergo central neck dissection (P = .72). In the multivariate analysis, factors related to central neck dissection were macroscopic extrathyroidal extension (odds ratio [OR], 2.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-3.79) and multifocality (OR, 3.96; 95% CI, 2.08-7.53). In Cox multivariate analysis for disease-free survival, central neck dissection did not show any significant effect. CONCLUSION: Prophylactic central neck dissection did not show any advantage in the rate of neck recurrence in @entity1 with N0 clinical stage disease.

title: Prophylactic central neck dissection in stage N0 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma', 'papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) is recommended as a promising technique for the management of the @entity3520 ( @entity3520 ) with @entity7922 gene mutation. We present the first report of DBS results in Iranian @entity1 with @entity7922 positive @entity3520 . METHODS: Nine @entity1 who suffered from severely disabling @entity7922 positive @entity3520 consecutively were recruited for the study between 2008 and 2010. The @entity1 underwent bilateral deep brain stimulation of the GPi in a single procedure. The mean follow up duration was 8.8    2.2 months. The efficacy of the intervention was evaluated by comparing pre- and post operative scores of @entity1 with Burke-Fahn-Marsden's @entity3519 Scale (BFMDS). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 11.0 software. RESULTS: Of 9 @entity1 six were female with the mean age of 15.2    5.5 years old (range: 8- 25 years old). The mean for Burke-Fahn-Marsden's Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS) score was 47.22    14.1 before surgery and 12.3    8.2 after follow up, which significantly improved (P=0.0001).The mean stimulation parameters at the last visit were at a frequency of 152.2    32.4 Hz (range 130- 230 Hz), a voltage of 2.6    0.7 V (range 1.1- 4), and a pulse width of 60  sec. No complication was observed during follow up. CONCLUSION: Bilateral DBS of the GPi has an encouraging result for the management of @entity7922 positive @entity3520 and is recommended as a safe technique for the treatment of these @entity1 . Shorter pulse width in stimulation parameters is suggested for @entity7922 @entity3519 @entity1 .

title: Deep brain stimulation of globus pallidus internus for XXXX positive @entity3520 .

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['PGD', 'primary generalized dystonia']

answer: @entity7922 :: (1861,Gene) :: ['DYT1']


abstract: In this study, we aimed to estimate the contribution of environmental pollutants to the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and costs of @entity66 in American @entity1 . We examined four categories of illness: @entity10108 , @entity565 , @entity5 , and @entity4934 . To estimate the proportion of each attributable to toxins in the environment, we used an environmentally attributable fraction (EAF) model. EAFs for @entity10108 , @entity565 , and @entity5 were developed by panels of experts through a Delphi process, whereas that for @entity4934 was based on data from the National Academy of Sciences. We define environmental pollutants as toxic chemicals of @entity1 origin in air, food, water, and communities. To develop estimates of costs, we relied on data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Health Care Financing Agency, and the Practice Management Information Corporation. EAFs were judged to be 100% for @entity10108 , 30% for @entity565 (range, 10-35%), 5% for @entity5 (range, 2-10%), and 10% for @entity4934 (range, 5-20%). Total annual costs are estimated to be  54.9 billion (range  48.8-64.8 billion):  43.4 billion for @entity10108 ,  2.0 billion for @entity565 ,  0.3 billion for childhood @entity5 , and  9.2 billion for @entity4934 . This sum amounts to 2.8 percent of total U.S. health care costs. This estimate is likely low because it considers only four categories of illness, incorporates conservative assumptions, ignores costs of @entity158 and suffering, and does not include late complications for which etiologic associations are poorly quantified. The costs of pediatric environmental disease are high, in contrast with the limited resources directed to research, tracking, and prevention.

title: Environmental pollutants and disease in American XXXX : estimates of morbidity, mortality, and costs for @entity10108 , @entity565 , @entity5 , and developmental disabilities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity10108 :: ('MESH:D007855', 'Disease') :: ['lead poisoning']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity4934 :: ('MESH:D019954', 'Disease') :: ['neurobehavioral disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: There are well-documented inverse relationships between smoking and smoking cessation with measures of socioeconomic status. This study used nationally representative data to examine unaided quit attempts and their sociodemographic determinants among daily current and former smokers who made a quit attempt in the last 12 months. METHODS: We used data from the 2010-2011 @entity286 Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey. We limited the analysis to current daily smokers who made a quit attempt in the past year and former smokers who were daily smokers 1 year prior to the survey (N = 8201). RESULTS: Nearly 62% (n = 5078) of the sample made an unaided quit attempt. Adjusted results indicated unaided quit attempts were more likely among males compared to females (P < .001), younger age groups compared to older age groups (P < .001), @entity7864 compared to non-Hispanic whites (P < .001), among @entity1 with lower income compared to @entity1 with higher income (P < .001), and among @entity1 with lower @entity1239 @entity734 compared to those with higher @entity1239 @entity734 (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Most quit attempts were unaided and there were significant sociodemographic disparities in unaided quit attempts. Considering that cessation aids enhance the likelihood of quitting, policies and programs should target populations which are more likely to attempt quitting without an aid and encourage them to use or provide subsidized cessation aids. Healthcare providers should advise their @entity1 about approaches to quitting. IMPLICATIONS: This study used the most recent nationally representative data for the United States to examine sociodemographic disparities in unaided quitting among current and former daily smokers who made a quit attempt in the last 12 months. Most quit attempts were unaided. @entity1 who were male, younger, @entity7864 , had lower @entity1239 @entity734 , and those who were low income were more likely to make an unaided quit attempt. These results could be used by policy makers and program planners to develop cessation interventions directed at specific populations to improve smoking cessation rates.

title: Social Disparities in Unaided Quit Attempts Among Daily Current and Former Smokers: Results From the 2010-2011 XXXX Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['People', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity7864 :: ('MESH:D055008', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hispanic black', 'non-Hispanic blacks']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['Tobacco']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study is to analyze the clinicopathological characteristics and treatment options for @entity7172 with multifocality and investigated whether the number of foci in @entity7172 with multifocality can predict central lymph node @entity3 . Methods Records of 329 consecutive PTMC @entity1 with multifocality, and who were treated surgically between 2003 and 2014 were reviewed. @entity1 with multifocality were identified by histopathology. The number of foci, size of the @entity5 , presence of extrathyroidal invasion, infiltration, and other clinicopathological parameters were collected and analyzed for all the cases. RESULTS: Univariate analysis, age, sex, maximum @entity5 size, and extrathyroidal invasion were found to be significant prognostic factors (P = 0.001, 0.020, < 0.001, 0.043; respectively). Multivariate analysis found that age, sex, and maximum @entity5 size were independent prognostic factors for CLNM in PTMCs. Among them, Male @entity1 (odds ratio 1.887; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.053-3.380) and with maximum @entity5 size > 0.5 cm (odds ratio 2.819; 95% CI 1.721-4.616) were risk factors for increased incidence of CLNM. @entity1 >=  45 years (odds ratio 0. 497; 95% CI 0.309-0.800) were less likely to present with CLNM. However, extrathyroid invasion was not an independent predictor of CLNM according to our results. PTMCs with 2, 3, >=  4 foci had a significantly greater risk of CLNM (odds ratio 1.675, 2.360, 2.703; 95% CI 1.195-2.347, 1.425-3.906, 1.411-5.178; respectively) compared to PTMCs with unifocality. CONCLUSIONS: Foci numbers were linked to an increased incidence of central lymph node @entity3 in @entity7172 with multifocality, and we could choose to perform more radical treatment in @entity1 with multifocality.

title: Using foci number to predict central lymph node XXXX of @entity7172 with multifocality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['largest tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity7172 :: ('MESH:C563277', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid microcarcinomas']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: AIM: @entity1 with @entity308 ( @entity308 ) report high rates of @entity250 , as do healthy males with low levels of @entity251 . The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of @entity308 and low @entity251 across various domains of sexual function. METHODS: Untreated depressed males (N = 44) and age-matched healthy controls (N = 50) had blood samples drawn to determine morning levels of total @entity251 (TT) and bioavailable @entity251 (BT). In addition, questionnaires regarding depressive symptoms as well as sexual function were administered. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sexual function outcomes were measured using the Sex Effects (SexFX) Scale and @entity308 severity was assessed with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-17 item (HAMD-17). RESULTS: Using TT criteria, 27.9% of @entity1 were categorically defined as hypogonadal compared to 19.3% using BT criteria. Within both TT and BT hypogonadal groups, @entity1 with @entity308 had lower scores on all domains of sexual function compared to healthy controls with @entity6126 . @entity251 levels interacted with @entity308 status to affect orgasm and desire, although not arousal. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that @entity308 status was the main factor influencing sexual function. Hypogonadal status was not a predictor of sexual function in this sample, although age did play a minor role in the domain of arousal. CONCLUSION: While @entity251 levels appear to influence sexual function, specifically orgasm, the presence of @entity308 appears to be a stronger factor and has high predictive value for sexual outcomes.

title: The relationship between @entity251 and sexual function in depressed and healthy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'depression', 'Major Depressive Disorder']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: A 75-year-old @entity1 presented with severe @entity490 and @entity294 . Symptoms started 10   years earlier but multiple investigations failed to offer a clear diagnosis. On recent admission, blood tests, endoscopies and CT scans indicated chronic @entity32 . Treatment strategies for bowel @entity32 were unsuccessful and the @entity1 was subsequently discussed at a multidisciplinary team meeting with surgeons for consideration of colectomy. A drug review highlighted that the @entity1 was taking an antiangina drug, @entity7976 , thought to cause bowel @entity1066 . This was discontinued, which dramatically improved symptoms and avoided surgery and the @entity1 was discharged within days. Follow-up colonoscopy showed much improved @entity1960 , and the @entity294 had resolved. It is important that clinicians are aware of the link between pharmacotherapy, specifically @entity7976 and gastrointestinal @entity1066 and @entity32 causing severe @entity294 . Drug cessation is the only necessary and immediately effective treatment. Awareness of this will become more clinically relevant as @entity7976 use increases.

title: When treatment can be worse than the disease: @entity7976 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['colonic inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity7976 :: ('MESH:D020108', 'Chemical') :: ['nicorandil']

answer: @entity1960 :: (MESH:D003092,Disease) :: ['colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity3003 -based chemotherapeutic regimen M-CAVI ( @entity1499 , @entity3003 , and @entity5713 ) is active against @entity150 and can be administered to @entity1 who are ineligible to receive @entity900 or @entity632 . The authors designed a randomized study to evaluate whether M-CAVI offers a therapeutic advantage over the @entity900 -based regimen M-VAC ( @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 , and @entity900 ) in the treatment of @entity1 with surgically incurable advanced @entity150 . METHODS: @entity1 with surgically incurable advanced @entity150 were enrolled on a randomized trial comparing M-CAVI, which consists of @entity3003 (300 mg/m2 on Day 2, adjusted using Calvert's formula for an area under the curve of 5), @entity1499 (30 mg/m2 on Days 1, 15, and 22), and @entity5713 (3 mg/m2 on Days 2, 15, and 22) administered every 28 days, versus standard M-VAC. The eligibility criteria included histologically proven @entity150 , surgically incurable disease, and no prior chemotherapy. @entity1 were treated until disease progression or unacceptable @entity137 occurred. RESULTS: From January 1989 to January 1994, 47 assessable @entity1 were included. Seventeen @entity1 had @entity1600 and 30 had distant metastatic disease. Twenty-three @entity1 were randomized to receive M-CAVI and 24 to receive M-VAC. @entity1 characteristics in the two groups were similar. Overall response rates were 39% (95% confidence interval [CI], 20-62%) for M-CAVI and 52% (95% CI, 30-73%) for M-VAC (P = 0.3), with 3 complete responses observed among @entity1 treated with M-VAC and none among those in the M-CAVI group. M-VAC was associated with more @entity344 , @entity3136 , @entity1665 , and Grade 4 @entity1398 than M-CAVI. One @entity137 -related @entity204 occurred in the M-VAC group. There was a statistically significant difference in median disease-related survival time favoring M-VAC (16 months; range, 6 to 22+) versus M-CAVI (9 months; range, 6 to 14+) (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: M-CAVI is less toxic but less active than M-VAC in the treatment of @entity1 with advanced @entity150 . @entity3003 -based regimens in which @entity3003 is administered at the dose range used in the current study should be reserved for @entity1 who cannot tolerate @entity900 treatment. Further research is required to assess the impact of high dose @entity3003 in the treatment of this disease.

title: @entity3003 -based versus XXXX -based chemotherapy in the treatment of surgically incurable advanced @entity150 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node disease']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity764 is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Hospital based studies in Nigeria show it predominantly affects the youth in society. Aim _ Objectives: To determine the pattern and management outcomes of @entity1 presenting with @entity764 at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective study of 73 consecutive @entity1 managed for @entity764 between January 2008 and February 2009 at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City. RESULTS: A total of 73 @entity1 were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 31.5years and median age of 29years. About 81% of the @entity1 were 42yrs and below while 10% were more than 50yrs old. About 88% of the @entity1 were males while 12% were females giving a male: female ratio of 1:7 Most (56%) of the @entity1 were single. @entity64 ( @entity64 ) accounted for 52% while 43%% were due to violence or assaults. Motorcycle accidents accounted for 15% while Cars, Buses, Vans, Trucks accounted for 37%. Penetrating @entity130 accounted for 43% of which gunshot wounds accounted for 25%, and stab injuries accounted for 13(18%). About 53% were isolated blunt @entity764 whereas 43% were isolated penetrating @entity764 ; 4% of the cases sustained both penetrating and @entity1913 . About 27% presented within an hour of injury, while in all, 95% of the @entity1 presented within 24hours of injury. @entity130 were sustained in 6(8%) @entity1 @entity299 was observed in one @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity764 predominantly affects the youth with high morbidity and mortality in this environment. Public enlightenment with prompt and effective treatment will impact positively on this persistent problem.

title: XXXX in a regional tRAUMA centRE.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['MVAs', 'Motor Vehicular Accidents']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['Chest trauma', 'chest trauma', 'chest injuries']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['while cardiac injury']

entities_list: @entity1913 :: ('MESH:D014949', 'Disease') :: ['blunt injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Diaphragmatic injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity764 :: (MESH:D013898,Disease) :: ['Chest trauma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 68 Background: The use of ADT in @entity1 with @entity263 is well established. @entity1176 antagonists have a mode of action distinct to that of @entity4396 agonists and comparative trials have shown differences in efficacy and safety between these agents. Adverse events (AE) from the musculoskeletal and renal and urinary systems have now been analysed. METHODS: Results were pooled from 6 prospective, comparative randomised trials (n=2328). Most @entity1 (pts) received 1 year of degarelix or @entity4396 agonist treatment (n=1686); the remaining @entity1 had 3-7 months' treatment (n=642). AEs were analysed using Kaplan Meier plots and a log-rank test for homogeneity on relevant groups of MedDRA terms. RESULTS: Treatment groups (degarelix, n=1491; @entity4396 agonist, n=837) were balanced for baseline characteristics such as age, @entity251 , PSA and disease stage. In @entity1 with metastatic disease @entity623 ( @entity623 ) was reduced to a greater extent with degarelix (p=0.0373) throughout the year. Overall probability of @entity174 (<1% vs. 2%, p=0.0411) and incidence of joint related AEs (4% vs. 6%, p=0.0116) were significantly lower for degarelix-treated @entity1 . Incidence of @entity925 was lower for degarelix (9% vs. 12%, p=0.0822). Incidence of @entity293 ( @entity293 ) was reduced (5% vs. 8% with agonists) and time to first @entity293 was significantly increased (p=0.0010) with degarelix. Overall probability of any @entity13090 , including lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), was significantly lower in pts receiving degarelix (p<0.0001). Consistent with fewer skeletal and urinary tract AEs indicating better disease control, @entity1 with baseline PSA >50 ng/mL had significantly higher PSA PFS compared to agonist treated pts. @entity3012 during 1 year of treatment was significantly higher for degarelix pts (98.3% vs. 96.7%, p=0.0329). CONCLUSIONS: This analysis of 2,328 @entity1 shows degarelix-treated @entity1 had lower @entity623 , significantly fewer @entity174 , a lower incidence of urinary tract symptoms and higher overall survival than pts receiving an @entity4396 agonist over one year. Control of such disease symptoms is consistent with previous data on a significantly lower risk of PSA PFS during the first year of treatment.

title: Degarelix versus XXXX agonists: Differential skeletal and urinary tract outcomes from an analysis of six comparative randomized clinical trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity13090 :: ('MESH:C566906', 'Disease') :: ['renal or urinary tract AEs']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['muscle or bone pain']

entities_list: @entity623 :: ('250', 'Gene') :: ['ALP', 'alkaline phosphatase']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['UI', 'urinary infections']

answer: @entity4396 :: (2796,Gene) :: ['LHRH']


abstract: @entity39707 increased @entity79 and @entity79 to a significantly greater extent than @entity441 . The hot flush incidence was lower with @entity39707 than @entity441 . INTRODUCTION: To assess the effect of @entity39707 versus @entity441 on change in lumbar spine (LS) @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity170 . METHODS: In this 12-month study (NEXT trial), @entity1 were randomly assigned to @entity39707 20 mg/day (N = 158) or @entity441 60 mg/day (N = 162). All received daily @entity460 and @entity560 . Change in LS @entity79 was assessed by DXA. Secondary objectives included assessment of femoral neck (FN) and total hip @entity79 , serum bone turnover markers, and safety. RESULTS: Treatment groups were similar at baseline (mean age 63 years, mean LS @entity79 T-score -2.9). At 12 months, the increase in LS @entity79 with @entity39707 was greater than with @entity441 (+2.75% vs. +1.66%), as was @entity79 (P < 0.05). For LS and FN, this effect was also evident at 6 months. @entity39707 reduced bone turnover to a greater extent than @entity441 at 3, 6, and 12 months (P < 0.05). The proportion of @entity1 reporting >=  1 adverse event did not differ between treatment groups, nor did @entity3556 . No cases of @entity1869 , or @entity5 were reported. @entity11266 and @entity3617 were reported more frequently with @entity39707 versus @entity441 (10.1% vs. 2.5%, and 5.1% vs. 0%, respectively) and new/worsening hot flushes were reported less frequently with @entity39707 (7.0% vs. 16.7%) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity39707 increased @entity79 and suppressed bone turnover to a greater extent than @entity441 and resulted in a lower incidence of new/worsening hot flushes. Based on subsequent findings from a fracture outcome study, this difference did not translate into improved fracture efficacy.

title: @entity39707 versus @entity441 : effect on bone and safety parameters in postmenopausal XXXX with @entity170 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity11266 :: ('MESH:D009304', 'Disease') :: ['Nasopharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD', 'FN and total hip BMD', 'decreased bone turnover']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity39707 :: ('MESH:C115121', 'Chemical') :: ['arzoxifene', 'Arzoxifene']

entities_list: @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial polyps, hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity441 :: ('MESH:D020849', 'Chemical') :: ['raloxifene']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: @entity788 has the worst prognosis of all @entity5 with a dismal 5-year survival rate. Hence, there is a tremendous need for development of new and effective therapy for this @entity5 . In an earlier study we reported a potent antitumor activity of @entity70494 (AuriPE) against @entity788 . In addition, we have also reported that @entity10186 (bryo1) induces @entity1778 cells, but the effect of bryo1 has not been investigated in @entity788 . This is the first report where we demonstrate that bryo1 induces differentiation and potentiates the antitumor effect of AuriPE in a @entity1 @entity788 (PANC-1) xenograft model. A xenograft model was established by injecting the PANC-1 cells s.c. in @entity466 ( @entity466 ) @entity19 . After development of the s.c. @entity5 , @entity5 were dissected and small fragments were transplanted in vivo to new @entity466 @entity19 , with a success rate of 100% and a doubling time of 4.8 days. The @entity466 @entity19 xenograft model was used to test the in vivo differentiation effect of bryo1 and its efficacy when given alone or in combination with AuriPE. Sections from paraffin-embedded @entity5 excised from untreated (control) @entity466 @entity19 revealed typical poorly differentiated @entity420 . Interestingly, sections of s.c. @entity5 taken from bryo1-treated @entity19 revealed @entity189 that were much lower grade and less aggressive, and displayed prominent squamous and glandular differentiation. In this study, the @entity5 growth inhibition (T/C), activity score and cure rate for bryo1, AuriPE and bryo1+AuriPE were 80%, (+) and 0/4; 0.0%, (++++) and 3/5; and 0.0%, (++++) and 3/4, respectively. @entity19 treated with either AuriPE or bryo1+AuriPE were free of @entity5 for more than 150 days and were considered cured. The use of bryo1 as a novel differentiating agent and its combination with AuriPE should be further explored for the treatment of @entity420 .

title: @entity10186 induces differentiation and potentiates the antitumor effect of @entity70494 in a XXXX @entity788 (PANC-1) xenograft model.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic tumors', 'Pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity10186 :: ('MESH:C046785', 'Chemical') :: ['bryostatin 1']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity70494 :: ('MESH:C105791', 'Chemical') :: ['Auristatin PE']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['differentiation of leukemia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity466 :: ('MESH:D016511', 'Disease') :: ['severe combined immune deficient', 'SCID']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: This study investigated the relationship between @entity998 ( @entity998 ) and qualitative and quantitative postural control in @entity191 ( @entity191 ). Fifty-eight nondemented @entity191 @entity1 were studied along with age-matched healthy controls. The degree of @entity998 was estimated using the Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale. Qualitative postural control was evaluated using a component of the Unified @entity191 Rating Scale. Postural control was quantified, using centre of pressure measures obtained from a force plate, for eight standing balance tests of different challenges. The results showed that @entity998 was more evident for @entity191 @entity1 when compared with healthy individuals of similar age. Furthermore, @entity998 was significantly associated with a qualitative estimate of postural control in @entity191 ; individuals with @entity191 who had a greater degree of @entity73 reported greater @entity998 . The results also showed that an estimate of @entity998 may help to explain quantitative postural instability in @entity191 . @entity998 , when coupled with a qualitative estimate of postural control, was able to explain a greater amount of variation in quantitative balance performance for five of the eight balance tests. When considered independently, the qualitative measure of postural control, in general, could not well predict quantitative balance performance. The greater degree of @entity998 and its possible association with altered postural control suggests that @entity998 should be considered as an important, independent risk factor in the assessment and treatment of postural instability in @entity1 with @entity191 .

title: Fear of falling and postural control in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['posture impairment']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD', 'Parkinson Disease']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['FOF', 'fear of falling']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: KEY POINTS: Despite the clinical importance of pre-emptive @entity1337 , the mechanisms by which it @entity158 associated with central sensitization are poorly understood. We find that @entity3575 and the a2-adrenoceptor agonist @entity6948 ( @entity9170 ) differ significantly in their modulatory actions on noxious mechanical and noxious heat-evoked nociception in vivo. Unlike @entity3575 , @entity9170 modified descending control of nociception by decreasing the threshold for descending inhibition and/or increasing the threshold for descending facilitation. @entity9170 exhibited after-actions on activities of thalamus in prolongation of noxious heat-evoked paw withdrawal latency that persisted for at least 7  days. This study provides insight into the organization of thalamic modulation in pre-emptive @entity1337 . ABSTRACT: We investigated and compared the antinociceptive effects of intraperitoneal administration of @entity3575 (2-60   g  kg(-1) ) and @entity6948 ( @entity9170 , 1-10   g  kg(-1) ; a highly selective a2-adrenoceptor agonist) in the regulation of nociception assessed by measuring noxious paw withdrawal reflexes in @entity35 . @entity3575 elevated noxious mechanical paw withdrawal threshold and prolonged paw withdrawal heat latency within 1-1.5  h (P  <  0.05). @entity9170 failed to affect the mechanical paw withdrawal threshold, yet significantly prolonged the paw withdrawal heat latency in a bi-phasic manner; a short transient 1-1.5  h period followed by a second, slowly developing increase in latency that persisted for at least 7  days (P  <  0.05). Lesion of the @entity5487 ( @entity5487 ) did not influence @entity3575 -induced antinociceptive effects, indicating peripheral and spinal antinociceptive mechanisms. By contrast, the @entity9170 -induced second, but not the first, phase of the prolonged paw withdrawal heat latency was significantly blocked by the lesion of either @entity5487 or thalamic ventromedial (VM) nuclei, and was attenuated by intracerebral administration of either @entity22571 (a2-adrenoceptor antagonist) or @entity10098 (5-HT1A receptor antagonist) into the VM nuclei (P  <  0.05). Upon intramuscular 5.8% saline-induced @entity925 , pre-emptive injection of @entity3575 enhanced @entity1931 and blocked @entity6167 , whereas @entity9170 significantly prevented the occurrence of @entity1931 and enhanced @entity6167 . It is suggested that @entity9170 , but not @entity3575 , significantly enhances descending inhibition and/or decreases descending facilitation to modulate @entity158 and nociception. The present study provides novel insight into thalamus-mediated mechanisms in pre-emptive @entity1337 .

title: Pre-emptive @entity1337 and its supraspinal mechanisms: enhanced descending inhibition and decreased descending facilitation by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['mechanical hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity6167 :: ('MESH:D018883', 'Disease') :: ['heat hypoalgesia']

entities_list: @entity5487 :: ('MESH:D014854', 'Disease') :: ['dorsolateral funiculus', 'DLF']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['attenuates pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['dexmedetomidine']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['muscle nociception']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl', 'Fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity22571 :: ('MESH:C050701', 'Chemical') :: ['atipamezole']

answer: @entity6948 :: (MESH:D020927,Chemical) :: ['dexmedetomidine']


abstract: Two groups of @entity1 were studied, both in accordance with ACR criteria. First group (41 cases) suffering R.A. Second group (36 cases) suffering O.A. In both pathologies MMPs, ICAM and VCAM from synovial fluid and plasma were studied. Measurements were made with ELISA-sandwich in a Metrolab spectrophotometer at 410 nm for MMPs, and 491 nm for ICAM and VCAM. As control, samples of @entity1 with @entity121 or @entity625 and healthy witness were used. Synovial concentration of MMPs in R.A. was 1402 +/- 76 ng/ml, a higher significant value (p < 0.0001) compared with @entity571 : 353 +/- 23 ng/ml. In the witness plasma, MMPs were not detected. Plasmatic and synovial levels of the adhesion molecules present different values in both pathologies and between them. Synovial ICAM level in R.A. (280 +/- 9.8 ng/ml) is significantly higher than in O.A. (163 +/- 10 ng/ml) (p < 0.001), but lower than the plasmatic ones (370 +/- 35 ng/ml) (p < 0.001). All these values are significantly higher than the normal plasma (121 +/- 6.5 ng/ml) (p < 0.01, p < 0.005, and p < 0.0001, respectively) VCAM increase regarding basal values (140 +/- 5.6 ng/ml) (p < 0.001) and in a similar proportion for both pathologies (R.A.: 186 +/- 9.3 ng/ml and O.A.: 207 +/- 14.3 ng/ml). Their plasmatic levels were higher (270 +/- 45 and 320 +/- 38 ng/ml) (p < 0.001) but without significative difference between them. There is correlation among MMPs, ICAM and VCAM variations. The variability can be explained by concomitance several evolutive steps. Each pathology shows a different grade of cellularity, inverted predominance in the relation TIMPs/ collagenase and different generator mechanisms of MMPs. Our findings reinforce the importance as diagnostic guide of adhesion molecules dosage, and possible therapeutic use of MMPs inhibitors and ICAM or VCAM antagonists en R.A. and related pathologies.

title: Proteoglycan's activation by adhesion molecules and L metalloproteases in rheumatoid arthritis and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['noninflammatory muscle skeletal disorders']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: Previous research suggests that @entity1 with @entity161 demonstrate deficits in a range of parameters of motor cortical and cognitive inhibition. I-wave facilitation and long-interval cortical inhibition (LICI) are two paired pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation paradigms that appear to assess aspects of cortical inhibitory function that have not previously been assessed in this @entity1 group. Eighteen @entity1 with @entity161 (nine medication-free) were compared with eight control subjects. We assessed resting motor threshold (RMT) levels, LICI and I-wave facilitation. RMT levels did not differ between the three groups. There was a significant overall difference in I-wave facilitation levels. Both @entity1 groups as compared with the control group showed increased facilitation. There were no differences between the groups in the measure of LICI. @entity1 with @entity161 appear to have increased I-wave facilitation. Increased I-wave facilitation suggests deficient function of cortical inhibitory GABAergic activity. This is consistent with previous research that has found deficient cortical inhibition in @entity1 with @entity161 .

title: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study of abnormal cortical inhibition in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the source of the @entity4648 chondrocytes in the bilaminar zone following @entity890 ( @entity890 ) of @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ). METHODS: 12 Japanese adult @entity95 were randomly divided into A and B groups. Each group contained 4 experimental and 2 control @entity95 . The disc of the experimental @entity95 was induced forward and fixed into the holes made in the zygomatic arch. Group A was stained by HE and examined for the expression of @entity12914 ( @entity12914 ) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) by immunohistochemical methods. Group B was observed under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS: Chondrocytes appeared in the bilaminar zone of each experimental @entity95 . Both @entity12914 and FGFR3 were positive in part of them. Under TEM, some cells took on the double characters of chondrocyte and fibroblast and some others appeared the characters of naive cells. CONCLUSIONS: Following @entity890 of @entity1348 , some @entity4648 chondrocytes might be proliferated and differentiated from mesenchymal stem cells.

title: [Experimental study of the mechanism of chondroid @entity4648 of the bilaminar zone following XXXX of @entity1348 ].

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity12914 :: ('100339381(Tax:9986)', 'Gene') :: ['PCNA', 'proliferating cell nuclear antigen']

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['ADD', 'anterior disc displacement']

answer: @entity890 :: (MESH:D007405,Disease) :: ['anterior disc displacement']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the ultrasound findings of mild neonatal periventricular-intraventricular @entity548 (PIVH) after different treatments, and to evaluate the neurological outcomes of mild PIVH with Gesell Development Diagnosis Scale (GDDS). METHODS: A total of 194 newborns with grade I-II PIVH were recruited, and findings of cranial ultrasound examination before and 1 month after birth were included for analysis. The echo intensity and size of the lesions were recorded. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the echo intensity among three groups of grade I PIVH @entity1 (P>0.05). There was significant difference in the echo intensity among three groups of grade II PIVH @entity1 , and the @entity4163 had the best therapeutic efficacy (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed in the area change among three groups of grade I PIVH @entity1 (P>0.05). However, significant difference was observed in the area change among three groups of grade II PIVH @entity1 , and @entity4163 had a better efficacy than cerebrolysin and control agent (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between cerebrolysin and control groups (P>0.05). GDDS evaluation showed no significant difference among three groups (P>0.05), and all the @entity1 recovered completely. CONCLUSION: The efficacy of different treatments for mild PIVH can be reflected in the ultrasound findings. Mild PIVH @entity1 generally have a good neurological prognosis.

title: Ultrasound findings of mild neonatal periventricular-intraventricular XXXX after different treatments.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity4163 :: ('CHEBI:28892', 'Chemical') :: ['ganglioside']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adults aged 65 and older are disproportionately affected by @entity101 , @entity2299 , and @entity6 , which are established risk factors for @entity65 ( @entity65 ). Although risk reduction strategies among older adults, including control of @entity65 risk factors, can lead to a decline in premature @entity65 morbidity and mortality, the prevalence of these risk factors has generally increased in the past decade among elders and risk factor control rates have been suboptimal. We assess prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates among U.S. adults aged 65 and older with respect to @entity101 , @entity2299 , and @entity6 and describe predictors associated with awareness and management of these factors. METHODS: Analysis of nationally representative data collected from adults aged 65 and older (n = 3,810) participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004. RESULTS: @entity1 have a significantly higher prevalence of @entity101 than @entity1 (76.6% vs 63.0%) and a significantly lower rate of control when treated pharmacologically (42.9% vs 57.9%). @entity2299 prevalence is 60.3% overall, and @entity1 are significantly more likely to be aware of their condition than @entity1 (71.1% vs 59.1%). @entity6 affects 21.2% of older adults, and 50.9% of prevalent cases are treated pharmacologically. Goal attainment among those treated is problematic for all three conditions- @entity101 (48.8%), @entity2299 (64.9%), and @entity6 (50.4%). Having two or more doctor visits annually is associated with goal attainment for @entity2299 . CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of cardiovascular health in older adults and understanding gender gaps in awareness can help physicians and policymakers improve disease management and @entity1 education programs.

title: Prevalence, awareness, and management of @entity101 , XXXX , and @entity6 among United States adults aged 65 and older.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia', 'Dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity2299 :: (MESH:D050171,Disease) :: ['dyslipidemia']


abstract: The clinical course of @entity816 grade 2 (A2) is highly variable and is not reflected by morphological characteristics. Earlier studies using small series of A2 cases suggest that in situ hybridization (ISH) with chromosome-specific DNA probes allows for frequent detection of aneusomy 1, trisomy 7, and monosomy 10. The role of trisomy 7 in @entity105 is disputed, however, because of its presence in non-neoplastic brain tissue, as detected by karyotyping. Our objective was to investigate whether there was a correlation between chromosomal aberrations and survival in a series of 47 cases of A2. All cases were evaluated for numerical aberrations of chromosomes 1, 7, and 10 by ISH. @entity2008 were detected in 68% of cases of A2. @entity20899 was seen in 31 cases (66%), 22 of which (47%) had a high percentage of this numerical aberration. Only 11 of these 22 cases also showed aneusomy for 1 or 10. No cells or only a few cells with aberrations were detected in non-neoplastic control samples. Using Kaplan-Meier analysis, @entity20899 correlated significantly with shorter survival. Hence, as determined by ISH, @entity20899 is absent in non-neoplastic brain tissue and is frequently detected in A2, correlating with the malignant progression of the disease.

title: Gain of chromosome 7, as detected by in situ hybridization, strongly correlates with shorter survival in XXXX grade 2.

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['Chromosomal aberrations']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity20899 :: ('MESH:C537822', 'Disease') :: ['trisomy/polysomy 7', 'Trisomy/polysomy 7']

answer: @entity816 :: (MESH:D001254,Disease) :: ['astrocytoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if the long-term use of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) in @entity309 ( @entity309 ) is associated with the development of significant @entity1575 , and to describe the presence of risk factors for @entity1575 in @entity1 with @entity309 . METHODS: Needle biopsies of the liver were performed on a cross-section cohort of 14 @entity1 with @entity309 who had received a total cumulative dose of @entity1500 that was either > 3,000 mg or > 4,000 mg/1.73 m2 of body surface area. Biopsy samples were independently graded according to the Roenigk Classification Scale by 2 pathologists. The presence of risk factors for @entity1500 hepatotoxicity, especially biochemical @entity409 and @entity167 consumption, were assessed. RESULTS: Thirteen biopsy samples (93%) were classified as grade I, and 1 (7%) as grade II; none demonstrated significant @entity82 . However, histologic abnormalities were found in 13 biopsy samples (93%). Only 2 @entity1 (14%) consumed more than 1 alcoholic drink per month. Thirteen @entity1 (93%) had biochemical abnormalities while being treated with @entity1500 , but only 5 @entity1 (36%) had at least 1 determination in which the @entity492 or @entity493 aminotransferase elevation was > 3 times the upper limit of normal. CONCLUSION: Long-term use of @entity1500 for @entity309 does not appear to be associated with the development of significant @entity1575 . Although nearly all @entity1 had minor histologic changes, no significant clinical consequences were apparent. A prospective study of a larger population will more accurately define the incidence of @entity1500 -related @entity1575 and appropriate monitoring guidelines in @entity309 .

title: The long-term effect of @entity1499 therapy on the liver in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities reflective of liver injury']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile rheumatoid arthritis', 'JRA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['juvenile rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: On the basis of recent clinical data suggesting that high-dose continuous @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) is able to overcome resistance to @entity1487 bolus application in @entity356 , a phase II study was performed to evaluate the activity and @entity137 of weekly high-dose @entity1487 and @entity4181 plus biweekly alternating @entity632 and @entity900 as the first-line treatment in @entity1 with advanced @entity356 . Between October 1995 and September 1997, 24 consecutive @entity1 with locally advanced (n=4) or metastatic (n=20) @entity356 were treated with a combination of 500 mg/m2 @entity4181 as a 2-h infusion, followed by 2.0 g/m2 @entity1487 as a 24-h continuous infusion once weekly for 6 weeks, plus 20 mg/m2 @entity632 as a bolus application and 50 mg/m2 @entity900 as a 1-h infusion, week 1, 3 and 5 ( @entity1912 regimen). Response, @entity137 and survival data were evaluated. A total of 20 @entity1 were evaluable for response and 24 for @entity137 . Objective responses were observed in 11 @entity1 (55%) with no complete remission. Four @entity1 (20%) showed stabilization and 5 @entity1 (25%) experienced @entity74 . The median time to disease progression was 8 months and the overall duration of survival was 14 months. Myelosuppression was significant. In 2 @entity1 , grade 4 WHO @entity882 and @entity1431 / @entity417 respectively were registered, but there were no treatment-related @entity204 . We conclude that the weekly alternating @entity1912 regimen is effective in advanced @entity356 with tolerable @entity137 . However, significant myelotoxicity and frequent hospitalization suggest that @entity1912 should not be preferred to other regimens used in metastatic disease. Currently we intend to establish this regimen in the neoadjuvant setting in @entity1 with primary unresectable localized @entity356 .

title: A phase II study of weekly high-dose @entity1487 and XXXX plus biweekly alternating @entity632 and @entity900 for advanced @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma', 'gastric carcinomas']

answer: @entity4181 :: (MESH:D002955,Chemical) :: ['leucovorin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence and incidence of short wavelength automated perimetry deficits in comparison to standard automated perimetry deficits in @entity1 with @entity2790 . METHODS: Five hundred eyes of 250 @entity1 with @entity2790 were recruited into a prospective, longitudinal study and tested with standard automated perimetry and short wavelength automated perimetry annually for 5 years. Both eyes of 60 normal subjects, 21 to 85 years of age, were used to establish normative data for short wavelength automated perimetry and standard automated perimetry. This allowed independent evaluation of left and right eyes of @entity1 . All normal data were corrected for age, and short wavelength automated perimetry results were corrected for lens transmission. The lowest fifth and first percentiles for the normal observers were derived for the 10 @entity726 hemifield test zones for short wavelength automated perimetry and standard automated perimetry. Visual fields were considered outside normal limits if two @entity726 hemifield test zones were below the normal fifth percentile or one @entity726 hemifield test zone was below the normal first percentile. RESULTS: Baseline prevalence of short wavelength automated perimetry and standard automated perimetry deficits were 9.4% and 1.4%, respectively. During the study, incident rates of field loss were 6.2% (1.23% per year) for short wavelength automated perimetry and 5.9% (1.18% per year) for standard automated perimetry. Once abnormal, 80% of short wavelength automated perimetry fields remained abnormal on the next examination, whereas only 45% of abnormal standard automated perimetry fields remained abnormal. New short wavelength automated perimetry deficits in ocular @entity101 were more prominent and more persistent than new standard automated perimetry deficits. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings are consistent with the interpretation that short wavelength automated perimetry deficits occur before standard automated perimetry deficits in @entity726 . The similar incidence rates suggest that both standard automated perimetry and short wavelength automated perimetry are monitoring the same underlying @entity66 process.

title: Incidence and prevalence of short wavelength automated perimetry deficits in ocular @entity101 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous disease']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Rotation of the @entity2348 is powered by a transmembrane gradient of protons or, in some species, @entity1372 ions. The molecular mechanism of coupling between ion flow and motor rotation is not understood. The proteins most closely involved in motor rotation are MotA, MotB, and FliG. MotA and MotB are transmembrane proteins that function in transmembrane proton conduction and that are believed to form the stator. FliG is a soluble protein located on the cytoplasmic face of the rotor. Two other proteins, FliM and FliN, are known to bind to FliG and have also been suggested to be involved to some extent in torque generation. Proton (or @entity1372 )-binding sites in the motor are likely to be important to its function and might be formed from the side chains of acidic residues. To investigate the role of acidic residues in the function of the flagellar motor, we mutated each of the conserved acidic residues in the five proteins that have been suggested to be involved in torque generation and measured the effects on motility. None of the conserved acidic residues of MotA, FliG, FliM, or FliN proved essential for torque generation. An acidic residue at position 32 of MotB did prove essential. Of 15 different substitutions studied at this position, only the conservative-replacement @entity69418 mutant retained any function. Previous studies, together with additional data presented here, indicate that the proteins involved in motor rotation do not contain any conserved basic residues that are critical for motor rotation per se. We propose that @entity2574 32 of MotB functions as a proton-binding site in the @entity2348 and that no other conserved, protonatable residues function in this capacity.

title: Function of protonatable residues in the flagellar motor of Escherichia coli: a critical role for XXXX 32 of MotB.

entities_list: @entity69418 :: ('p|SUB|D|32|E', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['D32E']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial flagellar motor']

answer: @entity2574 :: (CHEBI:22660,Chemical) :: ['Asp']


abstract: Conflicting data on the inotropic effect of insulin are present in the literature suggesting a positive inotropic property or no inotropic effect or even a negative influence. To clarify the reason for these diverging findings, dose-response curves of insulin have been performed in isolated working @entity35 and @entity840 hearts perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing 0.9, 1.25, 2.5, and 5 mM @entity141 at 37 degrees C. At 1.25 mM [ @entity141 ], insulin (8 to 16 IU) regularly improved the inotropic state. LVdP/dt(max) increased significantly from 1,900 to 2,300 mm Hg/s (+21 %) in @entity840 hearts and from 3,197 to 4,345 mm Hg/s (+36 %) in @entity35 hearts. LVEDP did not change significantly. Myocardial @entity26 consumption increased parallel with contractility. Heart rate was not influenced in either species. Coronary flow increased by 16.5 % in @entity840 hearts, but decreased in @entity35 hearts by 13.6 % (p < 0.05 each). With 0.9 mM [ @entity141 ] the positive inotropic effect of insulin did not further augment. At 2.5 mM [ @entity141 ] insulin exhibited in both species no significant change of LVdP/dt(max) but very high insulin doses depressed the heart. At 5 mM [ @entity141 ] insulin depressed the heart significantly already at lower concentrations. At 31 degrees C and 1.25 mM [ @entity141 ] the positive inotropic insulin effect was preserved. We conclude that the positive inotropic insulin effect in @entity35 and @entity840 hearts depends on the extracellular [ @entity141 ], i.e., is maximal around 1.25 mM [ @entity141 ] and is reduced or absent at higher [ @entity141 ] or may even become negative.

title: Influence of perfusate calcium concentration on the inotropic insulin effect in isolated XXXX and @entity35 hearts.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: @entity28 has been associated with subclinical @entity1002 and increased risk of @entity712 . Few data are available on the relative contribution of @entity1386 distribution and changes in myocardial structure and function. We evaluated the influence of visceral versus subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue and epicardial fat on LV diastolic function after acute @entity583 . One month after acute @entity583 , 225 consecutive @entity1 were prospectively enrolled and underwent anthropometric evaluation, bioimpedance analysis, detailed echocardiography, and multidetector 64-slice computed tomography scan for quantification of epicardial fat volume (EFV) and of total, subcutaneous and visceral abdominal fat areas. We found a significant association between LV @entity67 parameters and body mass index, fat-mass percentage, and waist-to-height ratio. E' velocity and E/E' ratio were correlated with total and visceral abdominal fat (r  =  -0.27, p <0.001 and r  = 0.21, p <0.01, respectively), but not with subcutaneous fat. After multivariate analysis, increasing EFV was associated with decreased E' velocity (adjusted b  -0.11, 95% confidence interval  -0.19 to  -0.03; p <0.01) and increased E/E' ratio (adjusted b 0.19, 95% confidence interval 0.07 to 0.31, p <0.01). @entity1 with @entity67 showed higher EFV (116.7    67.9  ml vs 93.0    52.3  ml, p  = 0.01), and there was a progressive increase in EFV according to @entity67 grades (p  = 0.001). None of the @entity1386 parameters correlated with ejection fraction or S' velocities. In conclusion, in @entity1 after @entity583 , impaired LV diastolic function was associated with increased @entity1386 , especially with visceral and central fat parameters. Increasing EFV was independently associated with worse LV diastolic function.

title: Influence of Epicardial and Visceral Fat on Left Ventricular Diastolic and Systolic Functions in XXXX After @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: 1. Spontaneous non-synaptic @entity302 was induced by bathing @entity35 hippocampal slices in low- @entity141 solution. Extracellular recordings from electrodes placed on both sides of a complete cut showed that non-synaptic activity was synchronized across the lesion. 2. Ion-selective electrode recordings showed that each event was accompanied by a transient increase in extracellular @entity972 that diffused across the lesion. The synchrony was destroyed when a thin film was inserted into the lesion site. 3. Local pressure ejection of KCl evoked an event that subsequently propagated across the lesion. 4. After a complete lesion was made, afterdischarges evoked on one half of a slice were not detected on the other half. 5. Voltage-sensitive dye imaging methods showed that @entity302 activity propagated across the mechanical lesion without significant attenuation or additional delays. The velocity of the activity was consistent with that of the slow diffusion of a @entity972 wave. 6. Since field effects were significantly attenuated across the lesion and all gap junctions and cell processes across the lesion would be cut, these data show that extracellular diffusion, most probably @entity972 , is sufficient to synchronize populations of neurons and propagate slow frequency @entity302 .

title: Propagation of non-synaptic XXXX across a lesion in @entity35 hippocampal slices.

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epileptiform activity']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptiform activity']