abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the correlation of @entity2162 gene 5'-regulatory region SNPs and essential @entity101 (EH) in Chinese Kazakh ethnic minority group. METHODS: The Sequenom MassArray(  ) SNP detection technology was used to detect @entity2162 gene 5'-regulatory region SNPs in 150 Xinjiang Kazakh EH @entity1 and 150 controls. Biochemical analyzer was used to detect lipid and other related biochemical parameters. SHEsis and other software were used to analyze linkage disequilibrium and haplotype. RESULTS: Six loci @entity68257 ( @entity68258 ), @entity68259 ( @entity68260 ), @entity68261 ( @entity68262 ), @entity68263 ( @entity68264 ), @entity68265 ( @entity68266 ) and @entity68267 ( @entity68268 ) polymorphisms of @entity2162 gene 5'-regulatory region were found in the Xinjiang Kazakh populations. While, there was no significant difference between EH group and @entity5155 in genotypes and allele frequency of @entity68269 , @entity68261 , @entity68267 , @entity68259 and @entity68265 (P>0.05). However; significant differences were detected of @entity68263 genotypes and allele frequency in two groups (P<0.05). Analysis of the linkage disequilibrium and haplotype in Kazakh population, there is a strong linkage disequilibrium of @entity68263 , @entity68269 , @entity68267 gene polymorphism in the EH group, and @entity68263 , @entity68261 , @entity68259 gene polymorphism in controls. Frequency of haplotype GTCCAT, GACTGT and ATGCGT in EH group was higher (P<0.05), while frequency of ATCTGT, ATGTGT, GTCCGT, GTCTAT, GACCAT and GTCTGT in the EH group was significantly lower than the control (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2162 gene 5'-regulatory region of @entity68263 , @entity68269 , @entity68259 , @entity68261 , @entity68265 and @entity68267 genetic polymorphism exists in Kazakh. Among them, @entity68263 locus genotype and allele frequency distribution in the two groups are significant differences. In six polymorphic loci, there is a strong linkage disequilibrium, which haplotypes GTCCAT, GACTGT, ATGCGT are risk factors of EH, and the ATCTGT, ATGTGT, GTCCGT, GTCTAT, GACCAT, GTCTGT are protective factors.

title: Relationship between the single nucleotide polymorphisms of b2-adrenergic receptor 5'-regulatory region and essential XXXX in Chinese Kazakh ethnic minority group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity49 in proteinuric @entity235 , defined by thromboelastography (TEG), is related to the degree of @entity644 , presence of @entity262 arterial @entity101 , presence of @entity4988 , or reduced antithrombin activity. DESIGN: Prospective study of client-owned @entity235 . Data collected from each @entity1 included signalment, body weight, urine protein-to- @entity1011 ratio (UPC), serum albumin concentration, TEG values, noninvasive arterial blood pressure, and @entity1129 activity. @entity49 was diagnosed by TEG and odds ratios for other measurements were assessed by univariate logistic regression. SETTING: Urban referral center and teaching hospital. ANIMALS: Seventy-six @entity235 with @entity8 ( @entity8 ) based on UPC, diagnosed between Oct 2009 and Oct 2012. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity49 was 89%. No statistically significant associations were detected between @entity49 and UPC, serum albumin, noninvasive blood pressure, or @entity1129 activity (all P > 0.05). The prevalence of @entity1031 was 6.6%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity49 was prevalent in @entity235 with @entity8 but could not be predicted based upon the presence or degree of @entity644 , @entity262 arterial @entity101 , @entity4988 , or low @entity1129 activity. The prevalance of @entity1031 was low in this population with @entity8 .

title: Evaluation of the relationship between clinical variables and thromboelastographic findings in @entity235 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['protein-losing nephropathy', 'PLN']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercoagulability', 'hypercoagulability']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['protein-losing nephropathy']


abstract: Acquisition of a cardiac fate by embryonic mesodermal cells is a fundamental step in heart formation. Heart development in frogs and avians requires positive signals from adjacent endoderm, including bone morphogenic proteins, and is antagonized by a second secreted signal, Wnt proteins, from neural tube. By contrast, mechanisms of mesodermal commitment to create heart muscle in mammals are largely unknown. In addition, Wnt-dependent signals can involve either a canonical @entity3546 pathway or other, alternative mediators. Here, we tested the involvement of Wnts and @entity3546 in @entity1 cardiac myogenesis by using a pluripotent @entity19 cell line (P19CL6) that recapitulates early steps for cardiac specification. In this system, early and late cardiac genes are up-regulated by 1% @entity3733 , and spontaneous beating occurs. Notably, @entity13020 and @entity13024 were induced days before even the earliest cardiogenic transcription factors. @entity3733 induced biochemical mediators of Wnt signaling (decreased phosphorylation and increased levels of @entity3546 ), which were suppressed by Frizzled-8Fc, a soluble Wnt antagonist. @entity3733 provoked T cell factor-dependent transcriptional activity; thus, induction of Wnt proteins by @entity3733 was functionally coupled. Frizzled-8Fc inhibited the induction of cardiogenic transcription factors, cardiogenic growth factors, and sarcomeric myosin heavy chains. Likewise, differentiation was blocked by constitutively active glycogen synthase kinase 3beta, an intracellular inhibitor of the Wntbeta-catenin pathway. Conversely, @entity13557 , which inhibits glycogen synthase kinase 3beta, and @entity13020 -conditioned medium up-regulated early cardiac markers and the proportion of differentiated cells. Thus, Wntbeta-catenin signaling is activated at the inception of @entity1 cardiac myogenesis and is indispensable for cardiac differentiation, at least in this pluripotent model system.

title: A Wnt- and @entity3546 -dependent pathway for XXXX cardiac myogenesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity13557 :: ('MESH:D018021', 'Chemical') :: ['lithium chloride']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1003 associates with poor outcome in @entity295 . Mild induced @entity2332 has been proposed as treatment in @entity295 but it is not known whether this intervention worsens functional @entity1003 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Interim analysis data from an ongoing randomized controlled trial; The Cooling And Surviving @entity326 (CASS) study. @entity1 suffering severe @entity295 / @entity326 are allocated to either mild induced @entity2332 (cooling to 32-34  C for 24hours) or control (uncontrolled temperature). TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT01455116. Thrombelastography ( @entity17792 ) is performed three times during the first day after study enrollment in all @entity1 . Reaction time (R), maximum amplitude (MA) and @entity1 ' characteristics are here reported. RESULTS: One hundred @entity1 (control n=50 and intervention n=50; male n=59; median age 68years) with complete @entity17792 during follow-up were included. At enrollment, 3%, 38%, and 59% had a hypocoagulable, normocoagulable, and hypercoagulable @entity17792 clot strength (MA), respectively. In the @entity2332 group, functional @entity1003 improved during the @entity2332 phase, measured by R and MA, in @entity1 with @entity49 as well as in @entity1 with hypocoagulation (correlation between   R and initial R: rho=-0.60, p<0.0001 and correlation between   MA and initial MA: rho=-0.50, p=0.0002). Similar results were not observed in the control group neither for R (rho=-0.03, p=0.8247) nor MA (rho=-0.15, p=0.3115). CONCLUSION: Mild induced @entity2332 did seem to improve functional @entity1003 in septic @entity1 . This improvement of functional @entity1003 parameters during the @entity2332 intervention persisted after rewarming. Randomized trials are warranted to determine whether the positive effect on @entity295 -related @entity1003 can be transformed to improved survival.

title: Mild induced @entity2332 : Effects on XXXX -related @entity1003 -results from a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock', 'Septic shock']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['Coagulopathy', 'coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulation']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The ability to reduce somatic cell counts (SCC) and improve milk quality depends on the effective and consistent application of established @entity1271 control practices. The US dairy industry continues to rely more on nonfamily labor to perform critical tasks to maintain milk quality. Thus, it is important to understand dairy producer attitudes and beliefs relative to management practices, as well as employee performance, to advance milk quality within the changing structure of the dairy industry. To assess the adoption rate of @entity1271 control practices in United States dairy herds, as well as assess social variables, including attitudes toward employees relative to @entity1271 control, a survey was sent to 1,700 dairy farms in Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Florida in January and February of 2013. The survey included questions related to 7 major areas: sociodemographics and farm characteristics, milking proficiency, milking systems, @entity291 environment, infected @entity291 monitoring and treatment, farm labor, and attitudes toward @entity1271 and related antimicrobial use. The overall response rate was 41% (21% in Florida, 39% in Michigan, and 45% in Pennsylvania). Herd size ranged from 9 to 5,800 @entity291 . Self-reported 3-mo geometric mean bulk @entity13873 SCC (BTSCC) for all states was 194,000cells/mL. Multivariate analysis determined that proven @entity1271 control practices such as the use of internal teat sealants and blanket dry @entity291 therapy, and not using water during udder preparation before milking, were associated with lower BTSCC. Additionally, farmer and manager beliefs and attitudes, including the perception of @entity1271 problems and the threshold of concern if BTSCC is above 300,000cells/mL, were associated with BTSCC. Ensuring strict compliance with milking protocols, giving employees a financial or other penalty if BTSCC increased, and a perceived importance of reducing labor costs were negatively associated with BTSCC in farms with nonfamily employees. These findings highlight the need for a comprehensive approach to managing @entity1271 , one that includes the @entity1 dimensions of management to maintain the practice of scientifically validated @entity1271 control practices.

title: Herd management and social variables associated with bulk XXXX somatic cell count in dairy herds in the eastern United States.

answer: @entity13873 :: (539513(Tax:9913),Gene) :: ['tank']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report a systematic literature review of late @entity397 of @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) after @entity439 repair (EVAR) and the results of a pooled analysis of causes, treatment, and outcomes. METHODS: Electronic information sources and bibliographic reference lists were interrogated using a combination of free text and controlled vocabulary searches; 11 articles were ultimately identified that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The articles reported a total of 190 @entity1 who were included in the qualitative and quantitative synthesis. Mortality within 30 days or during the admission with @entity1756 was a primary endpoint; major perioperative morbidity was a secondary endpoint. A meta-analysis was performed for 30-day/in-hospital mortality using the random effects model. RESULTS: A total of 152 @entity397 occurred after 16,974 EVAR procedures reported by 8 of the case series, giving an incidence of 0.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.77 to 1.05]. The mean time to @entity397 was 37 months. Twenty-nine percent (95% CI 20 to 39) of the @entity1 had at least one previous secondary endovascular intervention following the initial EVAR, and 37% (95% CI 30 to 45) were not compliant with surveillance. @entity1070 were the predominant causes of @entity397 . Open surgical treatment was undertaken in 61% (95% CI 53 to 68) of the @entity1 who underwent treatment. The pooled estimate for perioperative mortality was 32% (95% CI 24 to 41). A significantly lower mortality was found with endovascular treatment than open surgical management (p=0.027). CONCLUSION: Graft-related @entity1070 appear to be the predominant causes of late @entity1756 . Quality of and compliance with post-EVAR surveillance are important factors in late @entity397 ; a large proportion of late @entity397 are amenable to endovascular treatment.

title: Late Rupture of XXXX After Previous Endovascular Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['endoleaks', 'Type I and III endoleaks']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptures', 'rupture']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm rupture']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm']


abstract: Seven @entity1 (mean age 57 years) developed @entity432 following both wrapping and coating during surgery for unruptured @entity439 . Five @entity1 had no risk factors for @entity4288 , and two had @entity101 or @entity6 . The @entity439 were located in the middle cerebral artery in four cases, and the internal carotid artery in three. Both 100%-cellulose @entity2708 (Bemsheet) and @entity3080 glue (Biobond) were used as reinforcement materials. Postoperative angiography revealed complete clipping, and no parent artery stenoses, although one @entity1 had a non-symptomatic diffuse narrowing in the entire carotid fork 7 days following surgery. Three @entity1 had progressive @entity64 4-5 weeks following surgery, and two had no symptoms. Both reinforcement materials were used as little as necessary in the last two @entity1 , but they had either transient @entity63 attacks or progressive @entity64 2 months following surgery. Arterial steno-occlusion was confirmed angiographically in all @entity1 . These @entity455 were probably induced by both direct @entity137 of the @entity3080 glue and @entity82 or @entity738 formation caused by the @entity2708 fibers. The observed angiographical reversibility suggests that the @entity3080 glue is more likely to be the cause of the lesions than the @entity2708 fibers.

title: XXXX following wrapping and coating of unruptured @entity439 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3080 :: ('MESH:D003487', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanoacrylate']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusive lesions']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['Arterial occlusive lesions']


abstract: Hospital discharges and @entity204 attributed to chronic @entity3617 and @entity2415 have fallen in recent years while the number of those receiving invalidity benefit for these conditions has remained constant. One hundred and fifty seven such @entity1 were invited to take part in this study, in which the diagnosis, degree of @entity1576 , and other factors contributing to disability were reviewed. The scope for rehabilitation was considered. One hundred subjects agreed to take part; 96 were @entity1 and 70 were over 60 years. In only 67 was the main diagnosis chronic @entity3617 and @entity2415 . There was a bimodal distribution of functional impairment, most being severely disabled, but in 20 the FEV1 was within the normal range. Among these @entity565 was more common and psychological factors were important. Economic factors contributed to "invalidity," especially among those with a normal FEV1. For 32 of the 57 who had declined to take part some information was available from hospital records. The findings in this group were similar. There was little scope for rehabilitation in the group as a whole as motivation was poor. Less than half had ever seen a chest physician. Specialist assessment before invalidity benefit is claimed is probably desirable.

title: "Invalidity" due to chronic XXXX and @entity2415 : how real is it?

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory impairment']

answer: @entity3617 :: (MESH:D001991,Disease) :: ['bronchitis']


abstract: @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is traditionally diagnosed using overnight polysomnography. Decision rules may provide an alternative to polysomnography. A consecutive series of @entity1 referred to a tertiary sleep center underwent prospective evaluation with the upper airway physical examination protocol, followed by determination of the respiratory disturbance index using a portable monitor. Seventy-five @entity1 were evaluated with the upper airway physical examination protocol. Historic predictors included age, snoring, witnessed @entity386 , and @entity101 . Physical examination-based predictors included body mass index, neck circumference, mandibular protrusion, thyro-rami distance, sterno-mental distance, sterno-mental displacement, thyro-mental displacement, cricomental space, pharyngeal grade, Sampsoon-Young classification, and over-bite. A decision rule was developed using three predictors: a cricomental space of 1.5 cm or less, a pharyngeal grade of more than II, and the presence of overbite. In @entity1 with all three predictors (17%), the decision rule had a positive predictive value of 95% (95% confidence interval [CI], 75-100%) and a negative predictive value of 49% (95% CI, 35-63%). A cricomental space of more than 1.5 cm (27% of @entity1 ) excluded @entity27 (negative predictive value of 100%, 95% CI, 75-100%). Comparable performance was obtained in a validation sample of 50 @entity1 referred for diagnostic testing. This decision rule provides a simple, reliable, and accurate method of identifying a subset @entity1 with, and perhaps more importantly, without @entity27 .

title: A decision rule for diagnostic testing in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['Obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']


abstract: Fetal and neonatal lymphocytes are relatively resistant to activation and cytokine production when stimulated either via their T-cell antigen receptors or lectins. The molecular mechanism(s) responsible for this phenomenon have not been clearly elucidated. We have hypothesized that such defects in fetal/neonatal T-cell activation may be due to lack of expression of the transcriptional regulatory elements required for T-cell activation. We used reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to examine both fetal and term neonatal cord bloods for mRNA expression of three transcription factors implicated in T-cell activation: @entity1178 , @entity1639 , and @entity2451 ( @entity2451 subunit). We demonstrate that mRNAs for all three of these regulatory factors are expressed in fetal blood cells by the 27th week of gestation and in term cord bloods. Activation of term @entity1 cord blood mononuclear cells with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies resulted in up-regulation of both @entity1178 and @entity1639 mRNAs within 15 min of stimulation. However, secretion of @entity1199 by anti-CD3-stimulated cord blood mononuclear cells was still blunted compared with control cells from adults. We conclude that fetal nucleated blood cells constitutively express important genes for cytokine regulation and are able to increase intracellular accumulation of the mRNAs for these factors in response to anti-CD3 stimulation. Thus, qualitative differences in the capacity to regulate these factors could not be shown in fetal blood cells. Quantitative experiments comparing binding of these transcription factors to the @entity1199 promoter are currently under investigation.

title: Constitutive expression @entity1639 , @entity1178 , and XXXX mRNA is in nucleated fetal blood cells and up-regulation of @entity1639 and @entity1178 with anti-CD3 stimulation.

answer: @entity2451 :: (4790,Gene) :: ['NF kappa B']


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluated the association between the number of biopsy cores revealing high grade @entity263 in an era of extended biopsy protocol. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From December 2004 to September 2007 @entity1 referred to our clinic with a @entity1486 of 4 ng/ml or greater or an abnormal digital rectal examination were scheduled for transrectal ultrasound prostatic biopsy with a 12-core template. In @entity1 with high grade @entity5436 we proposed a second @entity1486 evaluation and a new 12-core biopsy after 6 months independent of @entity1486 . Nonparametric tests were applied for statistical analysis. RESULTS: We evaluated 650 @entity1 . Of the 147 @entity1 (22%) with high grade @entity5436 117 underwent a second biopsy 6 months later. @entity1 characteristics (age, @entity1486 , free-to-total @entity1486 ratio, prostate volume, @entity1486 density) were similar at initial and repeat biopsy. On second biopsy 22 @entity1 (18.8%) presented with @entity263 (14 with Gleason score 6, 7 with Gleason score 7 and 1 with a Gleason score 8), 75 showed isolated high grade @entity5436 (64.2%) and 20 (17%) had @entity1069 . The number of cores (4 or more) involved with high grade @entity5436 on the first biopsy was significantly associated with @entity263 on the second biopsy (p = 0.001). @entity1486 could not be used to distinguish @entity263 from benign disease or high grade @entity5436 . CONCLUSIONS: The number of cores with high grade @entity5436 seems to be associated with the presence of @entity5 on second biopsy. A 6-month biopsy is recommended in @entity1 with high grade @entity5436 when 4 or more cores with high grade @entity5436 are detected in the initial biopsy sample independent of @entity1486 .

title: The number of cores positive for high grade XXXX on initial biopsy is associated with @entity263 on second biopsy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['chronic prostatitis']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen', 'Prostate specific antigen']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity5436 :: (MESH:D019048,Disease) :: ['prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6883 ( @entity855 ) has been demonstrated to have similar vasodilator potency and fewer hemodynamic or electrocardiographic derangements compared with @entity3302 in the measurement of coronary flow reserve. However, there is little data about its optimal dose and the effect on myocardial @entity880 metabolism. METHODS: Under continuous monitoring of the left anterior descending coronary flow velocity with a Doppler guide wire, we investigated the changes of hemodynamics, electrocardiogram, and myocardial @entity880 metabolism before and after the administration of 50 microg @entity855 and 10 mg @entity3302 into the left coronary artery in 18 @entity1 with normal coronary arteries. To determine the optimal dose of @entity855 for the coronary flow reserve in the left coronary artery, we measured coronary flow velocity with five incremental doses of intracoronary @entity855 (0.5, 5, 15, 30, and 50 microg) and 10 mg of @entity3302 in another seven @entity1 . RESULTS: In contrast to @entity3302 , @entity855 did not produce any significant changes in hemodynamics or the electrocardiogram. The increase in the coronary flow velocity of the two agents was similar. Although all @entity1 showed @entity880 production after the administration of @entity3302 , only three @entity1 showed @entity880 production after @entity855 (p < 0.001). The coronary flow reserve derived from > or = 215 microg of @entity855 was similar to that derived from @entity3302 . There was a significant correlation between the coronary flow reserve obtained with > or = 5 microg of @entity855 and that obtained with @entity3302 . CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that maximal coronary vasodilation in the left coronary artery can be safely obtained with doses > or = 15 microg of intracoronary @entity855 in @entity1 with normal coronary arteries.

title: Safety and optimal dose of intracoronary XXXX for the measurement of coronary flow reserve.

entities_list: @entity6883 :: ('CHEBI:15422', 'Chemical') :: ["Adenosine 5'-triphosphate"]

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity3302 :: ('MESH:D010208', 'Chemical') :: ['papaverine']

answer: @entity6883 :: (CHEBI:15422,Chemical) :: ['adenosine 5'-triphosphate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: One of the most frequent complications of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is delayed @entity356 (DGE). The study aim was to evaluate the impact of the type of gastro/duodenojejunal reconstruction (antecolic vs. retrocolic) after PD on DGE incidence. METHODS: A systematic review was made according to the PRISMA guidelines. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing antecolic vs. retrocolic reconstruction were included irrespective of the PD techniques. A meta-analysis was then performed. RESULTS: Six RCTs were included for a total of 588 @entity1 . The overall quality was good. General risk of bias was low. DGE was not statistically significantly different between the antecolic and retrocolic group (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.31-1.16, p = 0.13). The other main surgery-related complications ( @entity3472 , @entity548 , @entity6177 , @entity1157 and @entity2737 ) were not dependent on the reconstruction route (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.41-1.70, p = 0.63). No statistically significant difference in terms of length of hospital stay was found between the 2 groups. There was also no difference of DGE incidence if only pylorus-preserving PD was considered and between the DGE grades A, B or C. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis shows that antecolic reconstruction after PD is not superior to retrocolic reconstruction in terms of DGE.

title: Effect of Antecolic versus Retrocolic Gastroenteric Reconstruction after Pancreaticoduodenectomy on Delayed XXXX : A Meta-Analysis of Six Randomized Controlled Trials.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal abscess']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infection']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic fistula']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric emptying']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric Emptying']


abstract: The purpose of this study is to evaluate morphologic patterns of ostium secundum-type @entity118 (osASD) in the adult, analyzing their role in treatment decisions. The population was composed of 155 adults (age 43.3 +/- 18.9 years) consecutively diagnosed with osASD in our center, and confirmed by transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography, between January 2000 and December 2007. Of these, 83 (53.5%) underwent successful percutaneous closure. Surgical closure was used in 31 @entity1 (20.0%). The remaining 42 @entity1 (27.1%) received conservative medical treatment. The mean diameter of the defects was 15.8 +/- 8.5 mm. The prevalence of @entity3454 and severe @entity120 was also assessed. Based on the criteria in the literature, we detected 14 different morphologic patterns of osASD. There was a central defect in 45/155; 40/155 had a short rim and 20/155 two short rims, 24/155 were multifenestrated and 15/155 PFO-like, and 12/155 had three or more short rims. The different morphologic patterns in each treatment arm, as well as the criteria leading to their inclusion in each, are described. While percutaneously closed defects had a simpler morphology, those that were surgically closed were normally larger and had a more complex shape (with two or more @entity14726 or multifenestrated, and thus not suitable for percutaneous closure).

title: Echocardiographic assessment of secundum-type XXXX in the adult: role in treatment decisions.

entities_list: @entity14726 :: ('MESH:C536816', 'Disease') :: ['deficient rims']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3454 :: ('MESH:D008945', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve prolapse']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defects']

answer: @entity118 :: (MESH:D006344,Disease) :: ['atrial septal defects']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1423 (AGN) destabilizes crystal suspensions and during crystalluria probably favors crystal apposition to kidney @entity730 and preexisting stones. We analyzed inhibition of AGN and stabilization of @entity3835 suspensions by urinary macromolecules ( @entity51051 ), urine and solutions with urinary @entity1792 concentration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Solutions of @entity51051 ( @entity51051 ) were obtained by a hemofiltration procedure from urine of 6 healthy @entity1 . @entity3835 suspensions were prepared in all solutions and urine by adjusting @entity141 to 1.5 mM and by an oxalate titration to 1.0 mM. Crystallization was monitored measuring @entity1781 ( @entity1781 ). @entity1344 ( @entity1344 ) was defined as the time without sedimentation and zeta potential (ZP) of crystals was measured. AGN was visualized by scanning electron microscopy and quantified by maximal @entity1781 . RESULTS: @entity51051 inhibited AGN and increased ZP and @entity1344 . Most inhibitory activity of urine could be attributed to @entity51051 . 3.3-fold dilution of @entity51051 reduced @entity1344 only by 30%. CONCLUSIONS: During crystalluria, @entity51051 of healthy @entity1 are supposed to protect from stone formation by inhibiting AGN and stabilizing crystal suspensions. As a probably important aspect, this protection was found to be limited in time and may favorably be influenced by an increase of diuresis.

title: Stabilization of XXXX suspension by urinary macromolecules, probably an efficient protection from stone formation.

entities_list: @entity3835 :: ('MESH:D002129', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium oxalate', 'calcium oxalate']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['Crystal aggregation']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['OD', 'optical density']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['SS', 'Stability of suspensions']

answer: @entity3835 :: (MESH:D002129,Chemical) :: ['calcium oxalate']


abstract: 1. Extracellular recording techniques were used to study nerve terminal impulses (NTIs) recorded from single polymodal nociceptors and cold-sensitive receptors in @entity840 @entity267 isolated in vitro. 2. The amplitude and time course of NTIs recorded from polymodal nociceptors was different from those of cold-sensitive receptors. 3. Bath application of @entity1022 (1 microM) changed the time course of spontaneous NTIs recorded from both polymodal and cold-sensitive receptors. 4. Bath application of @entity3303 ( @entity3303 ; 1-5 mM) abolished all electrical activity. 5. Local application of @entity3303 (2.5 and 20 mM) through the recording electrode changed the time course of the NTIs recorded from polymodal nociceptors but not that of NTIs recorded from cold-sensitive nerve endings. 6. It is concluded that action potentials propagate actively in the sensory nerve endings of polymodal nociceptors. In contrast, cold-sensitive receptor nerve endings appear to be passively invaded from a point more proximal in the axon where the action potential can fail or be initiated.

title: Differences between nerve terminal impulses of polymodal nociceptors and cold sensory receptors of the @entity840 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lignocaine', 'lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

answer: @entity267 :: (MESH:D065306,Disease) :: ['cornea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Age is a major predictor of contrast-induced @entity810 (CI-AKI). Few studies have focused on CI-AKI in elderly @entity1 with @entity1187 ( @entity4886 ). METHODS: We compare the incidence of CI-AKI in @entity1 <75 and >= 75 years enrolled in the Protective effect of @entity8671 and Antiplatelet Therapy On contrast-induced @entity810 and @entity296 in @entity1 with @entity4886 ( @entity4886 ) study and explore the impact of high-dose @entity8671 on CI-AKI and clinical outcomes in the 2 age-groups. Statin-naive @entity1 with non-ST-segment elevation @entity4886 scheduled for early invasive strategy (total 504) were randomized to @entity8671 (40 mg on admission followed by 20 mg/day) or no statin treatment. Contrast-induced @entity810 was defined as @entity1011 increase >= 0.5 mg/dL or >= 25% above baseline within 72 hours after contrast administration. All @entity1 were stratified in tertiles according to baseline high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). RESULTS: Rate of CI-AKI was significantly higher in @entity1 >= 75 years (15.9% vs 8.7%, odds ratio: 2.001; 95% confidence interval: 1.14-3.53, P = .015). No significant interaction was observed between age and statin treatment (P = .17). Pretreatment with @entity8671 was associated with 65% relative reduction in CI-AKI rate (22/170 [12.9%] vs 8/177 [4.5%], P = .007) in younger @entity1 and 38% (16/82 [19.5%] vs 9/75 [12%], P = .20) in the elderly individuals. The greatest protective effect of statin treatment was achieved in @entity1 with the highest hs-CRP values in both age-groups. CONCLUSION: @entity1 >= 75 years with @entity4886 had a higher risk of developing CI-AKI. Early high-dose @entity8671 is efficacious in reducing @entity8 in all @entity1 , especially those with the highest baseline hs-CRP values.

title: Impact of @entity8671 in Contrast-Induced XXXX in the Elderly: Post Hoc Analysis of the @entity4886 Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial damage']

entities_list: @entity8671 :: ('MESH:C422923', 'Chemical') :: ['rosuvastatin', 'Rosuvastatin']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['Acute Kidney Injury']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Wild @entity9925 (WPV) persists in diverse locales worldwide, spreading outward from endemic areas. In response to the international threat of WPV transmission and changes in the national vaccination policy, we established an environmental surveillance system to monitor the circulation of wild and vaccine-related @entity9925 in Taiwan. From July 2012 to December 2013, we collected sewage specimens every month from 10 sewage treatment plants located throughout Taiwan. The specimens were concentrated by the two-phase separation method and then inoculated into L20B, RD, and A549 cells for virus isolation. Viral isolates were identified and serotyped by immunofluorescence assay or molecular analysis. A total of 300 sewage samples were collected, and the results showed 163 samples (54.3%) were positive for virus, and 268 isolates were identified. Among these, 75 samples (25%) were positive for enterovirus (EV), but no @entity9925 was found. In addition, 92 isolates were identified as enteroviruses and the most common serotypes were coxsackievirus B4, coxsackievirus B3, and coxsackievirus B2. Interestingly, 102 (34%) and 82 (27.3%) specimens were positive for @entity1 orthoreovirus (MRV) and adenovirus, respectively. This study confirmed that sewage surveillance can be a useful additional modality for monitoring the possible presence of wild-type or vaccine-derived @entity9925 in wastewater, and can indicate the current types of viruses circulating in the population. Furthermore, since MRV was found in @entity1 with @entity7592 and @entity693 , the high incidence of MRV detected by environmental surveillance warrants further investigation.

title: High Incidence of XXXX Orthoreovirus Identified by Environmental Surveillance in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'children']

entities_list: @entity7592 :: ('MESH:D015882', 'Disease') :: ['acute necrotizing encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Mammalian']


abstract: Chemotherapy is the first-choice treatment for @entity1 with advanced @entity706 (Ann Arbor stage III or IV) who qualify for therapy, but there is no consensus protocol. Adding rituximab (Mabthera, Roche) to chemotherapy moderately improves survival time. Rituximab is now authorised for long-term maintenance therapy in @entity1 with @entity706 in whom first-line chemotherapy induces a response. Clinical evaluation of rituximab in this setting is based on two unblinded randomised trials comparing rituximab maintenance therapy with watchful waiting in 1193 and 401 @entity1 . Neither trial showed that rituximab had an impact on mortality or quality of life. Rituximab prolonged progression-free survival, based on unblinded assessment of radiological, laboratory or clinical criteria. These trials suffer from biases that make it difficult to interpret the results, including the lack of blinding, premature termination and too short follow-up in the larger trial, and in the other trial, heterogeneous @entity1 recruitment and use of a different dose regimen from that recommended in the summary of product characteristics. Both trials confirmed the adverse effect profile of rituximab, which includes @entity74 , @entity281 , and @entity299 . These adverse effects are severe in about 7% of @entity1 . There is also a riskof musculoskeletal and @entity146 . Questions still persist abouta possible oncogenic effect. In practice, the benefits of long-term rituximab maintenance therapy after a first line of chemotherapy remain to be demonstrated in terms of the length or quality of survival in @entity1 with @entity706 , while adverse effects are noteworthy. Pending further data, rituximab should only be used in clinical trials in this specific setting.

title: Rituximab maintenance therapy for XXXX : no better than watchful waiting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['haematological disorders']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac and digestive disorders']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['follicular lymphoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2395 is among the most common @entity74 worldwide. @entity2395 is usually caused by deletion of one or more of the duplicated HBA genes on chromosome 16. In contrast, most @entity2395 results from point mutations that decrease or eliminate expression of the @entity5358 gene on chromosome 11. Deletions within the @entity5358 locus result in @entity2395 or hereditary persistence of fetal Hb. Although routine diagnostic testing cannot distinguish @entity2395 deletions from point mutations, deletional hereditary persistence of fetal Hb is notable for having an elevated HbF level with a normal mean corpuscular volume. A small number of deletions accounts for most @entity2395 ; in contrast, there are no predominant @entity5358 deletions causing @entity2395 . To facilitate the identification and characterization of deletions of the HBA and @entity5358 globin loci, we performed array-based comparative genomic hybridization using a custom oligonucleotide microarray. We accurately mapped the breakpoints of known and previously uncharacterized @entity5358 deletions defining previously uncharacterized deletion breakpoints by PCR amplification and sequencing. The array also successfully identified the common HBA deletions --(SEA) and --(FIL). In summary, comparative genomic hybridization can be used to characterize deletions of the HBA and @entity5358 loci, allowing high-resolution characterization of novel deletions that are not readily detected by PCR-based methods.

title: Characterization of Deletions of the HBA and XXXX Loci by Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization.

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic diseases']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['b-thalassemia', 'a-Thalassemia', 'a-thalassemias', 'thalassemia', 'Thalassemia']

answer: @entity5358 :: (3043,Gene) :: ['HBB']


abstract: The efficacy of surgery alone or combined with preoperative radiation was examined using isotransplants of the spontaneous @entity1492 (FSaII) growing in the right leg of syngeneic C3Hf/Sed @entity19 and employing as end-points both local @entity5 control probability and normal tissue damage. Complete assays have been performed on small (4-5 mm) and large (8 mm) @entity5 . The TCD50s (the dose required to control half the @entity5 ) for radiation alone were 63.2 and 82.7 Gy for small and large @entity5 , respectively. Surgery was performed 4 days after the radiation treatment. Surgical resections were performed under an 8 X dissecting microscope. In small @entity5 , radical (enbloc resection) and conservative (local resection) surgery alone achieved 69.8% (30/43) and 21.9% (7/32) @entity5 control. The corresponding figures for large @entity5 were 25% (8/32) and 6.1% (2/33), respectively. The combination of radiation and surgery increased @entity5 control frequency up to 100% with doses lower than TCD50 for radiation alone. The TGF is expressed as therapeutic gain factor for conservative and for radical surgery for 4-5-mm and for 8-mm @entity5 from analyses of dose response curves for @entity5 control and leg shortening. In small @entity5 , the TGFs at the 80% @entity5 control (TCD80) and leg shortening of 5 mm were 1.4 and 1.8 for radical and conservative resection, respectively. The TGFs at the TCD50 level for large @entity5 were 1.4 and 1.7 in respective resections. In this particular experimental system, conservative surgery yielded higher TGFs than radical surgery for both @entity5 sizes. No effect of preoperative treatment on the frequency of distant metastasis was observed.

title: Therapeutic advantage in preoperative single-dose radiation combined with conservative and radical surgery in different-size @entity19 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'irradiated tumors', 'tumors']

answer: @entity1492 :: (MESH:D005354,Disease) :: ['fibrosarcomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the benefits of @entity36018 topical solution, 10% on quality of life in @entity6313 @entity1 . METHODS: An analysis of 1,655 @entity1 , aged 18 to 70 years, randomized to receive @entity36018 topical solution, 10%, or vehicle from two identical multicenter, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, 48-week studies evaluating safety and efficacy. The primary endpoint was complete cure rate (0% clinical involvement of target toenail, and both negative @entity4014 examination and fungal culture); clinical improvement defined as  <= 10-percent improvement in nail involvement both at Week 52. Quality of life was assessed using a validated OnyCOE-t    questionnaire. Improvement in quality of life was compared in those @entity1 clinically and not clinically improved. RESULTS: @entity36018 topical solution, 10%, was significantly more effective than vehicle irrespective of QoL domain. Greatest improvement in mean score was seen in those domains with the lowest baseline scores. All mean scores in the group considered to have clinically improved with @entity36018 exceeded 80.0 at Week 52. Mean treatment satisfaction scores with @entity36018 in those @entity1 who were clinically improved increased from 79.9 (Week 24) to 89.2 (Week 52), compared to a corresponding drop in those @entity1 considered not improved from 65.3 to 58.0. The correlation between change in percent affected nail and change in mean domain scores was significant with @entity36018 for all domains. LIMITATIONS: A period of 52 weeks may be too brief to evaluate improvement in quality of life in @entity6313 @entity1 . Some of the questions in the OnyCOE-t questionnaire may be more relevant than others to the study population and the @entity6313 population as a whole. CONCLUSION: Once-daily @entity36018 topical solution, 10%, provided statistically greater improvement in all aspects of quality of life compared to vehicle. Improvement was most marked in those @entity1 considered clinically improved and correlated with a change in percent affected nail.

title: Treatment of XXXX with @entity36018 10% topical solution and quality of life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4014 :: ('MESH:C029943', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium hydroxide']

entities_list: @entity6313 :: ('MESH:D014009', 'Disease') :: ['onychomycosis']

entities_list: @entity36018 :: ('MESH:C431707', 'Chemical') :: ['Efinaconazole', 'efinaconazole']

answer: @entity6313 :: (MESH:D014009,Disease) :: ['onychomycosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the prevalence of work-related physical activities, @entity146 , and emotional stressors among pregnant @entity1 is limited, and the extent to which these exposures vary by maternal characteristics remains unclear. METHODS: Data on mothers of 6,817 @entity1 without major @entity600 , with estimated delivery during 1997 through 2009 who worked during pregnancy were obtained from the National @entity600 Prevention Study. Information on multiple domains of occupational exposures was gathered by linking mother's primary job to the Occupational Information Network Version 9.0. RESULTS: The most frequent estimated physical activity associated with jobs during pregnancy was standing. Of 6,337 mothers, 31.0% reported jobs associated with standing for >= 75% of their time. There was significant variability in estimated occupational exposures by maternal age, race/ethnicity, and educational level. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings augment existing literature on occupational physical activities, @entity146 , emotional stressors, and occupational health disparities during pregnancy. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:137-149, 2016.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Data linkage between the national XXXX prevention study and the occupational information network (O*NET) to assess workplace physical activity, @entity146 , and emotional stressors during pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['Birth Defects', 'birth defects']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sedentary behaviors']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['birth defects']


abstract: AIM: @entity157 ( @entity157 ) with portal vein tumor @entity715 (PVTT) is associated with poor prognosis. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of @entity99 ( @entity99 ) for @entity1 with this disease. METHODS: Eighteen @entity157 @entity1 with PVTT were treated with @entity99 via a subcutaneously implanted injection port. A course of chemotherapy consisted of daily @entity900 (10 mg for one hour) followed by @entity1487 (250 mg for five hours) for five continuous days within a given week. The @entity1 were scheduled to receive four consecutive courses of @entity99 . Responders were defined in whom either a complete or partial response was achieved, while non-responders were defined based on stable or progressive disease status. The prognostic factors associated with survival after treatment were analyzed. RESULTS: Six @entity1 exhibited partial response to this form of @entity99 (response rate=33%). The 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18-month cumulative survival rates for the 18 @entity1 were 83%, 72%, 50%, 28%, and 7%, respectively. Median survival times for the six responders and 12 non-responders were 15.0 (range, 11-18) and 7.5 (range, 1-13) months, respectively. It was demonstrated by both univariate and multivariate analyses that the therapeutic response and hepatic reserve function were significant prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: @entity99 using low-dose @entity900 and @entity1487 may be a useful alternative for the treatment of @entity1 with advanced @entity157 complicated with PVTT. There may also be survival-related benefits associated with @entity99 .

title: Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for XXXX with portal vein tumor @entity715 .

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'Hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['HAIC', 'hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate associations between @entity28 measures and @entity387 severity among White, Black, Hispanic, and Chinese Americans. METHODS: The method used in this study was a community-based cross-sectional study of 2053 racially/ethnically diverse adults in the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 . Anthropometry and polysomnography were used to measure @entity28 and @entity27 ( @entity27 ). Linear regression models were fitted to investigate associations of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference with @entity27 (log transformed) with adjustment for sociodemographics, lifestyle factors, and comorbidities. RESULTS: The mean @entity1 age was 68.4 (range: 54-93) years; 53.6% of @entity1 were @entity1 . The median @entity27 was 9.1 events/h. There were significant associations of BMI and waist circumference with @entity27 in the overall cohort and within each racial/ethnic group. A significant interaction was observed between race/ethnicity and BMI (Pinteraction   =   0.017). Models predicted that for each unit increase in BMI (kg/m(2)), the mean @entity27 increased by 19.7% for Chinese, 11.6% for Whites and Blacks, and 10.5% for Hispanics. Similarly, incremental changes in waist circumference were associated with larger increases in @entity27 among Chinese than among other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Associations of BMI and waist circumference with @entity27 were stronger among Chinese than among other racial/ethnic groups. These findings highlight a potential emergence of elevated @entity387 prevalence occurring in association with increasing @entity28 in Asian populations.

title: Racial/ethnic differences in the associations between @entity28 measures and severity of XXXX : the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep-disordered breathing']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea index', 'AHI']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity387 :: (MESH:D012891,Disease) :: ['sleep-disordered breathing']


abstract: PURPOSE: The safety and efficacy of oral metronomic low-dose @entity21193 chemotherapy in combination with the @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) inhibitor @entity13586 as a compound with antiangiogenic potential, a therapeutic regimen optimally targeting endothelial cells instead of @entity5 cells, were assessed in pretreated advanced @entity320 @entity1 . METHODS: Endothelial cells were analyzed for proliferation, apoptosis and @entity137 in response to increasing concentrations of @entity21193 , either in the absence or presence of @entity3840 inhibitor, to determine whether inhibition of @entity3840 enhanced the effect of @entity21193 on cell function. In a clinical pilot study, 12 consecutive @entity1 with pretreated advanced @entity320 , meeting the eligibility criteria were enrolled. @entity1 received combined daily @entity21193 chemotherapy (500 mg) with @entity13586 (25 mg). Metastatic lesions were assessed every 12 weeks. @entity1 with responsive or stable disease were eligible for a further 12-week treatment period. Response criteria according to the WHO handbook for reporting results of @entity5 treatment were applied. Side effects were classified according to the National @entity5 Institute's Common @entity137 Criteria v2.0. RESULTS: At noncytotoxic concentrations, @entity21193 inhibited endothelial cell proliferation in a dose-dependent fashion. Simultaneous inhibition of @entity3840 significantly increased the extent to which @entity21193 suppressed cell proliferation, without inducing @entity137 . In the pilot study in which 12 @entity1 were treated, @entity137 was mild; only hematologic @entity137 of grade II was seen. An objective response was noted in one @entity1 , and four @entity1 showed stabilization of their disease for 24 weeks (one) and 36 weeks (three). The @entity1 who had a partial response subsequently showed stable disease for 48 weeks. The median survival time was 13 months. CONCLUSIONS: As increases in response rates following polychemo- or biochemotherapy have not been shown to correlate with prolongation in overall survival, more durable control of @entity320 represents an attractive therapeutic goal. Thus, regimens scheduled to primarily target endothelial cells may potentially provide a palliative alternative that preserves quality of life in the absence of significant treatment-related @entity137 .

title: Metronomic oral low-dose @entity21193 chemotherapy combined with @entity3840 inhibitor in pretreated advanced XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity13586 :: ('MESH:C116926', 'Chemical') :: ['rofecoxib']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'metastatic melanoma']

entities_list: @entity21193 :: ('MESH:C018404', 'Chemical') :: ['treosulfan']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 5073 Background: For @entity43 ( @entity43 ), a longer duration of response after second-line intravenous (IV) therapy as compared to first-line (IV) @entity902 therapy occurs in only 3% of @entity1 (Markman et al., 2004). The purpose of this study was to examine the time to progression interval (TPI) in @entity1 treated with surgery and intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy for first recurrence of their disease. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records at our institution for @entity1 treated with second-line IP chemotherapy between January 2005 and April 2010. TPI was defined as the time from the end of previous therapy to the start of next therapy for both first-line and second-line @entity902 therapy. RESULTS: We identified 56 @entity1 who received second-line IP chemotherapy for their @entity43 recurrence. All @entity1 had previously undergone primary surgical cytoreduction (82.3% were considered optimally cytoreduced) followed by IV @entity902 -based chemotherapy. The mean age was 56.7 years (range 43-79). All @entity1 underwent secondary cytoreduction at the time of IP port placement for treatment of recurrent disease and 65.3% of @entity1 were considered optimally cytoreduced (< 1 cm @entity66 ) at the end of the secondary debulking surgery. In 13 @entity1 (23.2%) a longer TPI after second-line IP chemotherapy was observed compared to TPI after primary IV chemotherapy. The median first-line TPI for those 13 @entity1 was only 8 months, while median TPI after second-line IP chemotherapy was 24 months. In comparison, the 43 @entity1 with shorter TPI after IP chemotherapy had median TPI of 22.5 mos after first-line IV chemotherapy and 8 months after IP chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: A longer duration of second-line response was observed in 23.2% of @entity1 treated with IP chemotherapy after IV chemotherapy and the duration of response was clinically significant. The use of IP @entity902 treatment for recurrent @entity43 should be further studied in a prospective trial in @entity1 who do not do receive front-line IP @entity902 chemotherapy.

title: Extended duration of response with second-line intraperitoneal @entity902 -based therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['EOC', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency and independent predictors of severe @entity810 in @entity1 resuscitated from out-of-hospital @entity2224 @entity1167 . DESIGN: A cohort study with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. SETTING: Emergency department of a tertiary care 2200-bed university hospital. @entity1 AND @entity1 : Consecutive adult (> 18 years) @entity1 admitted from 1 July 1991 to 31 October 1997 after witnessed @entity2224 out-of-hospital @entity1167 and successful resuscitation. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: @entity810 was defined as a 25% decrease of @entity1011 clearance within 24 h after admission. Out of 187 eligible @entity1 (median age 57 years, 146 male), @entity810 occurred in 22 @entity1 (12%); in 4 @entity1 (18%) renal replacement therapy was performed. @entity712 (OR 6.0, 95% CI 1.6-21.7; p = 0.007), history of @entity101 (OR 4.4, 95% CI 1.3-14.7; p = 0.02) and total dose of @entity1425 administered ( @entity24773 , 95% CI 1.0-1.2; p = 0.009) were independent predictors of @entity810 . Duration of @entity1167 , pre-existing @entity8 at admission were not independently associated with renal outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Severe progressive @entity810 after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is rare. Pre-existing haemodynamics seem to be more important for the occurrence of @entity810 than actual hypoperfusion during resuscitation.

title: XXXX after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired renal function and blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['Acute renal failure', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['Acute renal failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This prospective 105-site study was conducted to determine the rate of @entity410 and other serious adverse experiences associated with the therapeutic use of the sustained-release formulation of @entity752 ( @entity752 SR). METHOD: 3100 @entity1 with a DSM-III-R diagnosis of @entity308 without a current or past diagnosis of an @entity1277 and with no personal or family history of @entity410 disorders were treated for up to 8 weeks with @entity752 SR in an open-label study. Dosing was initiated at 50 mg b.i.d. and increased to a maximum of 150 mg b.i.d. unless not tolerated. @entity1 had the option to continue treatment with @entity752 SR (50 mg b.i.d. to 150 mg b.i.d.) in a continuation phase lasting up to 1 year. During the acute and continuation phases, @entity1 were evaluated for the occurrence of @entity410 and other serious adverse experiences. Clinical response to and tolerability of @entity752 SR were also evaluated. RESULTS: Three @entity1 each experienced a @entity410 associated with the therapeutic use of @entity752 SR during the acute and continuation phases combined. The observed @entity410 rate during the 8-week acute phase was 2 @entity410 in 3094 evaluable @entity1 , or 0.06%. The observed @entity410 rate for the acute and continuation phases combined was 3 @entity410 in 3094 @entity1 , or 0.10%. Survival analysis yielded a cumulative @entity410 rate of 0.08% for the acute phase and 0.15% for both phases combined. Two @entity1 who intentionally overdosed with @entity752 SR also experienced @entity410 ; however, these events were not included in calculations of the overall @entity410 rate. Therapeutic doses of @entity752 SR were well tolerated and clinically efficacious. CONCLUSION: The therapeutic use of @entity752 SR at total daily doses up to 300 mg/day in @entity308 @entity1 without predisposition to @entity410 is associated with a @entity410 rate that is well within the range observed with other marketed antidepressants.

title: A prospective safety surveillance study for @entity752 sustained-release in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorder']

entities_list: @entity752 :: ('MESH:D016642', 'Chemical') :: ['bupropion']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: @entity662 is an important presentation in adult @entity1 attending @entity341 ( @entity341 ). The process of ruling out an @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) conventionally requires a short in- @entity1 stay. This places a significant burden on healthcare systems. Recent developments have encouraged us to explore the role of an @entity341 observation ward in the management of these @entity1 . We designed and implemented two proformas ('flowformas'). The first provides integrated guidance and documentation for the management of @entity662 in the @entity341 . In @entity1 determined to be at low risk of short-term adverse outcomes the @entity1187 rule-out process is now completed on the @entity341 observation ward rather than on the cardio-respiratory admission ward. The second proforma is used before discharge to determine the likelihood of underlying @entity453 ( @entity453 ), thereby allowing risk-based follow-up arrangements to be made. We collected data on all @entity1 admitted to EDU on the NSTEMI rule-out pathway over a 12-month period. Between Feb 2012 and Feb 2013, 816 @entity1 fulfilling the criteria were admitted on the pathway. 67 @entity1 (8%) required admission due to @entity1187 . 15 @entity1 were admitted on two, and one on three occasions. In conclusion, it is possible to deliver @entity1187 rule-out on an emergency observation ward. This reduces healthcare costs and shortens hospital stay.

title: Reducing short-stay hospital admissions by ruling out non-ST elevation myocardial infarction and estimating XXXX likelihood on an emergency department observation ward.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['Chest pain', 'chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'emergency departments']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: Spectroscopic and fluorometric methods were used to study the binding of the anticancer drug @entity5699 to @entity10918 ] and poly[d(G-m5C)] under a variety of solution conditions. Under high-salt conditions that favor the left-handed Z conformation, binding isotherms for the interaction of the drug with poly[d(G-C)] are sigmoidal, indicative of a cooperative binding process. Both the onset and extent of the cooperative binding are strongly dependent upon the ionic strength. The binding data may be explained by a model in which the drug preferentially binds to B-form DNA and acts as an allosteric effector on the B to Z equilibrium. At 2.4 M @entity1219 , binding of as little as one drug molecule per 20 base pairs (bp) results in the conversion of @entity10918 from the Z form entirely to the B form, as inferred from binding data and demonstrated directly by circular dichroism measurements. Similar results are obtained for poly[d(G-m5C)] in 50 mM @entity1219 and 1.25 mM @entity8723 . Under these solution conditions, it is possible to demonstrate the Z to B structural transition in poly[d(G-m5C)] as a function of bound drug by the additional methods of sedimentation velocity and susceptibility to DNase I digestion. The transmission of allosteric effects over 20 bp is well beyond the range of the drug's binding site of 3 bp. Since @entity5699 preferentially binds to alternating @entity10043 - @entity7391 sequences, which are the only sequences capable of the B to Z transition, the allosteric effects described here may be of importance toward understanding the mechanism by which the drug inhibits DNA replicative events.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Long-range allosteric effects on the B to Z equilibrium by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5699 :: ('MESH:D003630', 'Chemical') :: ['daunomycin']

entities_list: @entity7391 :: ('MESH:C030986', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimidine']

answer: @entity5699 :: (MESH:D003630,Chemical) :: ['daunomycin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Heparin has shown promise as a component of various biomaterial formulations, but its variable properties and inhibitory effects on some cell types have raised interest in use of @entity13237 as an alternative. In this study, we characterized the interactions of vascular @entity3960 ( @entity3960 ) and endothelial cells (EC) with heparin and @entity13237 immobilized onto chitosan-based films. Films were modified by blending chitosan with type I collagen and covalently attaching heparin or @entity13237 at various levels. Cell-material interactions were evaluated by quantifying cell spreading, shape and proliferation rate. ECs proliferated well on chitosan, but the polymer was a mediocre substrate for @entity3960 growth. Immobilizing heparin on chitosan further inhibited @entity3960 proliferation. However, blending collagen reversed the heparin inhibition of @entity3960 growth, resulting in a pro-proliferative effect of heparin immobilized on chitosan-collagen films. @entity13237 surfaces supported both @entity3960 and EC proliferation with or without the presence of collagen. The results indicate that inhibitory effects of heparin on @entity3960 are reversed by immobilization in the presence of collagen, and that @entity13237 may be superior to heparin as a biomaterial additive for promoting vascular cell growth in chitosan-based scaffolds. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Morphological and Growth Responses of Vascular Smooth Muscle and Endothelial Cells Cultured on Immobilized Heparin and XXXX Surfaces.

entities_list: @entity3960 :: ('MESH:D018235', 'Disease') :: ['smooth muscle', 'SMC']

entities_list: @entity13237 :: ('MESH:D016264', 'Chemical') :: ['dextran sulfate', 'Dextran sulfate']

answer: @entity13237 :: (MESH:D016264,Chemical) :: ['Dextran Sulfate']


abstract: Background. The challenge in managing @entity1 undergoing renal transplantation is how to achieve optimum levels of anticoagulation to avoid both clotting and @entity86 . We report a rare case of severe postoperative retroperitoneal @entity548 including psoas haematomata complicating renal transplantation. Case Report. SM, a 55-year-old female, had a past history of aortic valve replacement, cerebrovascular event, and @entity2334 and was on long-term @entity1229 that was switched to @entity2120 60   mg daily a week prior to her living donor transplantation. Postoperatively, she was started on a heparin infusion, but this was complicated by a large retroperitoneal bleed requiring surgical evacuation on the first postoperative day. Four weeks later, she developed features compatible with @entity697 and a CT scan revealed @entity4340 . Following conservative management, she made steady progress and was discharged home via a community hospital 94 days after transplantation. At her last visit 18 months after transplantation, she had returned to full fitness with excellent transplant function. Conclusion. @entity1 in @entity177 who require significant anticoagulation are at increased risk of @entity548 that may involve prolonged hospitalisation and more protracted recovery and @entity1 should be carefully counselled about this.

title: XXXX complicating renal transplantation.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute femoral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity4340 :: ('MESH:D016659', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral psoas haematomata']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['established renal failure']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2120 :: ('MESH:D017984', 'Chemical') :: ['enoxaparin']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity4340 :: (MESH:D016659,Disease) :: ['Bilateral psoas haematomata']


abstract: RDEC-1 (serotype O15) is an attaching and effacing strain of @entity95 enteropathogenic @entity526 (REPEC) that causes @entity294 in postweanling @entity95 . It expresses AF/R1 pili that mediate Peyer's patch M-cell adherence. We investigated Peyer's patch adherence, the presence of virulence genes, ileal brush @entity1423 , and pilus expression in 9 strains representing several serotypes of REPEC as well as in two commensal strains. Postweanling @entity95 were inoculated with 10(6) organisms and sacrificed at 24 h, and tissues were prepared for examination by light microscopy. Strains B10 and RDEC-1 were also studied at 12 and 72 h postinoculation. All REPEC strains were eaeA positive, expressed pili, and adhered to ileal brush borders. Both commensal strains expressed pili, and one strain adhered to brush borders. All REPEC strains demonstrated some degree of Peyer's patch lymphoid follicle adherence, ranging from diffuse coverage to small patches covering two to three dome epithelial cells. Strains C102 and C110 had genes homologous with the structural subunit gene of the AF/R1 pilus (afrA) of RDEC-1, which correlated with greater degrees of lymphoid follicle adherence and lesser degrees of ileal villus adherence. The observation that all REPEC strains adhere to Peyer's patch epithelium suggests the possibility that @entity1 strains of enteropathogenic @entity526 (EPEC) might do likewise. EPEC strains might thus serve as mucosal vaccine vectors in @entity1 . Better understanding of the molecular mechanism of REPEC adherence should provide a model for the targeting of the Peyer's patch in @entity1 .

title: Peyer's patch adherence of enteropathogenic @entity526 strains in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['border aggregation']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During @entity1661 , the inhibition of gastrointestinal (GI) motility together with mucosal barrier dysfunction will lead to increased bacterial translocation and maintenance of @entity295 . The activation of the vagal anti-inflammatory pathway remains an appealing therapeutic strategy in @entity295 . In this respect, selective @entity15683 nicotinic @entity934 receptor (a7nAChR) agonists have shown anti-inflammatory properties in several animal models of @entity32 . METHODS: @entity295 was induced in OF-1 @entity19 by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). GI transit was quantified, and cytokine levels were determined in serum and colon. Colonic permeability was assessed by means of Evans blue injection. We studied the effect of @entity18686 , an a7nAChR agonist, on the aforementioned parameters. Splenectomized animals as well as a7nAChR-knock-out animals ( @entity15683 ) were included to study the role of splenic macrophages and the a7nAChR during polymicrobial @entity1661 . RESULTS: In septic animals, @entity18686 significantly @entity344 , lowered systemic and colonic levels of @entity777 , decreased colonic permeability, and decreased the number of positive cultures obtained from blood and mesenteric lymph nodes. Splenectomy prevented animals from developing @entity295 -induced @entity2616 . @entity15683 @entity19 displayed a more severe septic phenotype, whereas @entity18686 remarkably was also beneficial in these animals. CONCLUSION: Our results show that peripheral targeting of the vagal anti-inflammatory pathway proves beneficial in an animal model of polymicrobial @entity1661 . A major role is allocated to splenic immune cells in the development of @entity295 , as preventive splenectomy was protective for the development of @entity295 . Data on the @entity15683 @entity19 suggest that the beneficial effects mediated by @entity18686 on @entity32 and motility might be related to activation of other receptors besides the a7nAChR.

title: EFFECT OF @entity18686 , AN XXXX NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR AGONIST, ON CLP-INDUCED INFLAMMATORY, GASTROINTESTINAL MOTILITY, AND COLONIC PERMEABILITY CHANGES IN @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Sepsis']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['ameliorated GI motility']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity15683 :: (11441(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['ALPHA7']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sequential treatment of @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ) that includes @entity5 factor-a antagonists (anti- @entity2874 agents) has been applied in most of the Western countries. Existing cost-effectiveness (CE) models almost exclusively presented the incremental CE of anti- @entity2874 agents using a closed cohort while budget impact studies are mainly lacking. Notwithstanding, information on impact on total population health and societal budget as well as on actual incremental CE for a given decision time span are important for decision makers. This study aimed at quantifying, for different decision time spans starting from January 1, 2014 in the Dutch society, (1) impact of sequential drug treatment strategies without and with inclusion of anti- @entity2874 agents (Strategies 1 and 2, respectively) on total population health and societal cost, and (2) the actual incremental CE of Strategy 2 compared to Strategy 1. METHODS: Dynamic population modelling was used to capture total population health and cost, and the actual incremental CE. Distinguishing the prevalent @entity1691 population on January 1, 2014 and the incident @entity1691 cohorts in the subsequent 20  years, the model tracked individually an actual number of @entity1691 @entity1 until @entity204 or end of the simulation time. During the simulation, data on @entity1 characteristics, history of drug use, costs and health at discrete time points were generated. In Strategy 1, five nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were available but anti- @entity2874 agents withdrawn. In Strategy 2, five NSAIDs and two anti- @entity2874 agents continued to be available. RESULTS: The predicted size of the prevalent @entity1691 population in the Dutch society varied within the range of 67,145-69,957 with 44-46  % of the patients receiving anti- @entity2874 agents over the period 2014-2034. The use of anti- @entity2874 agents resulted in an increase in the annual drug costs (168.54-205.28  million @entity7634 ), but at the same time caused a decrease in the annual productivity costs (12.58-31.21  million @entity7634 ) and in annual costs of healthcare categories other than drugs (7.23-11.90  million @entity7634 ). Incremental cost ( @entity7634 ) per QALY gained in Strategy 2 compared to Strategy 1 corresponding to decision time spans of 5, 10, 15 and 20  years improved slightly from 75,379 to 67,268, 63,938 and 61,129, respectively. At willingness-to-pay thresholds of 118,656, 112,067, 110,188 and 110,512 @entity7634 , it was 99  % certain that Strategy 2 was cost-effective for decision time spans of 5, 10, 15 and 20, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Using the dynamic population approach, the present model can project real-time data to inform a healthcare system decision that affects all actual number of @entity1691 @entity1 eligible for anti- @entity2874 agents within different decision time spans. The predicted total population costs of different categories in the present study can help plan the organization of the healthcare resources based on the national budget for the disease.

title: Impact on total population health and societal cost, and the implication on the actual cost-effectiveness of including @entity5 factor-a antagonists in management of XXXX : a dynamic population modelling study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Object of this work is to evaluate activity and tolerance of @entity12698 in out- @entity1 's department practice. @entity1 AND METHODS: In this study we enlisted 46 @entity1 , affected by @entity158 of inflammatory or degenerative origin; any of them ever did continued therapy with NSAIDs before. We administered 200 mg daily dose of @entity12698 for at least three months. Each @entity1 has been evaluated by the Visual Analogic Score (VAS) Scale before and after the therapy. RESULTS: The data We obtained agree with those of multicenter studies like CLASS. @entity12698 had similar efficacy respect with traditional NSAIDs, with good control of @entity158 in both @entity571 and @entity158 (p < 0.000). Not good results were obtained for control of acute-onset @entity158 . In our population We didn't find side-effects different from those included in the technical-form of the drug. The only @entity1 who complained of @entity158 did not stop the treatment, because the symptom resolved with assumption of the drug during meals. CONCLUSIONS: By the analysis of the results We consider @entity12698 useful for the control of @entity158 in the treatment of @entity571 and @entity792 like @entity309 . Anyway, treatment with @entity12698 (as with all Coxib-family drugs) should be reserved for long-lasting treatments in @entity1 at risk for @entity360 .

title: [Effectiveness and tolerability of XXXX in outpatient department practice].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['Celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthrosis', 'osteoarthrosic']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'epigastric pain', 'arthritic pain']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis']

answer: @entity12698 :: (MESH:C105934,Chemical) :: ['celecoxib']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine whether racial differences exist in the @entity2494 ( @entity2494 ), @entity9027 ( @entity2990 ), and @entity701 concentrations of black and white postmenopausal @entity1 at rest and in response to submaximal exercise. Twenty-three postmenopausal @entity1 (13 white and 10 black) were studied on 2 occasions. On one occasion subjects rested quietly for 4 hours (control day), whereas on the other occasion after 50 minutes of rest, subjects exercised at 70% of Vo(2) peak for 30 minutes on a cycle ergometer (exercise day). Blood was sampled at rest, during exercise, and during recovery and assayed for @entity2494 , @entity2990 , and @entity701 concentrations. Resting @entity2494 and @entity701 concentrations and integrated area under the curve (AUC) were similar between the black and white @entity1 ; however, the black @entity1 had lower resting @entity2990 concentrations compared with the white @entity1 ( @entity2990 , black: 1.32 +/- 0.29 v white: 2.18 +/- 0.25 micromol. L(-1), P <.05). Regardless of race, @entity2494 and @entity701 AUC increased significantly above resting values (P <.01), but the exercise AUC for @entity2494 and @entity701 were not different between the black and white @entity1 ( @entity2494 : 607 +/- 133 and 824 +/- 108 min x nmol. L(-1); @entity701 : 9,604 +/- 1,247 and 8,076 +/- 1,093 min x nmol. L(-1), respectively). No exercise-induced change in integrated @entity2990 AUC was found in either group. In conclusion, racial differences exist in the resting @entity2990 levels of postmenopausal @entity1 , but with no racial differences in resting @entity2494 and @entity701 concentrations. Race had no impact on these adrenal hormone responses to submaximal exercise.

title: Adrenocortical responses to submaximal exercise in postmenopausal black and white XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2494 :: ('MESH:D003687', 'Chemical') :: ['DHEA', 'dehydroepiandrosterone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity9027 :: ('MESH:D019314', 'Chemical') :: ['dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Does newborn screening for @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) improve clinical outcomes, quality of life and survival? OBJECTIVES: To examine whether newborn screening for @entity1577 prevents or reduces irreversible organ damage and improves clinical outcomes, quality of life and survival in @entity1 with @entity1577 without unacceptable adverse effects. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane @entity1577 and @entity74 Group Trials Register comprising references identified from electronic database searches, handsearches of relevant journals and abstract books of conference proceedings.The Group's Trials Register last searched: June 2008. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials, published and unpublished, comparing screening to clinical diagnosis in @entity1 with @entity1577 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently assessed trial eligibility and quality and independently extracted data. Allocation concealment was unclear in both studies and sequence generation adequate in one. MAIN RESULTS: Searches identified six trials. Two trials involving 1,124,483 neonates (210 with @entity1577 ) with a maximum follow up of 17 years were eligible for inclusion. Varying study designs, outcomes reported and summary measures precluded calculation of pooled estimates and only data from one study were analysed. Severe @entity3147 was less common among screened @entity1 . Compared with screened @entity1 , the odds ratio of weight below the tenth percentile was 4.12 (95% CI 1.64 to 10.38) and for height was 4.62 (95% CI 1.69 to 12.61) in the control group.At age seven, 88% of screened @entity1 and 75% of controls had lung function parameters within normal limits of at least 89% predicted. At diagnosis chest radiograph scores were significantly better among screened @entity1 ; 33% of screened versus 50% of control @entity1 had Wisconsin chest X-ray (WCXR) scores over five (P = 0.097) and 24% of screened versus 45% of control @entity1 had Brasfield chest X-ray (BCXR) scores under 21 (P = 0.042)). Over time, chest radiograph scores were worse in the screened group (WCXR P = 0.017 and BCXR P = 0.041). Results were no longer significant after adjustment for genotype, pancreatic status, and @entity796 -culture results. In screened @entity1 colonisation with @entity796 occurred earlier. Estimates suggest diagnosis through screening is less expensive. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Two randomised controlled trials assessing neonatal screening in @entity1577 were identified; data from one study were included. Nutritional benefits are apparent. Screening provides potential for better pulmonary outcomes, but confounding factors influenced long-term pulmonary prognosis of @entity1 with @entity1577 . Screening seems less expensive than traditional diagnosis.

title: Newborn screening for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Genetic Disorders']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis', 'Cystic Fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: There have been several studies of the impact of @entity3604 on the quality of life and functionality of individual subjects. To date, however, no direct comparisons with age-matched normal subjects without @entity174 have been made. The radiographs of 145 female clinic @entity1 with @entity174 were reviewed by the study physicians. The controls were recruited from the electoral role and by media appeal. One hundred and sixty-seven @entity1 had radiographs taken to determine those without @entity174 . @entity174 subjects and controls had to be ambulant and were excluded if they had significant radiologic evidence of @entity179 of the spine. One hundred cases and one hundred controls were matched by 5-year age groups. The number, position and severity of the @entity174 on the lateral radiographs of the cases was recorded. Quality of life was measured using the Short Form-36 (SF-36) (maximum score 100) and a utility score calculated from these results (maximum score 1). Two measurements of functionality were employed: the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) to assess the activities of daily living (maximum score 100) and the Timed 'Up _ Go' (TUG) that measured the time taken for the subject to rise from sitting in a chair, walk 3 m along a line, return to the chair and sit down. The @entity174 subjects had 2.9 +/- 1.6 (mean +/- SD) @entity174 and the time since last @entity174 was 5.1 +/- 4.8 years. The SF-36 physical function component summary index results were: @entity174 subjects 36 +/- 11, controls 48 +/- 9 (p < 0.001). The SF-36 mental health component summary index results were: @entity174 subjects 50 +/- 11, controls 54 +/- 8 (p < 0.05). The utility scores were: @entity174 subjects 0.64 +/- 0.08, controls 0.72 +/- 0.07 (p < 0.001). The MBI results were: @entity174 subjects 97 +/- 5, controls 99 +/- 1 (p < 0.01). The TUG results were: @entity174 subjects 13.8 +/- 7.3 s, controls 10.1 +/- 4.1 s (p < 0.01). TUG and MBI scores correlated well with SF-36 scores; however, no domain of the SF-36 or functional measure correlated with either the number of @entity174 or the time since last @entity174 . Thus, clinically reported @entity174 impair both the quality of life and functionality of these subjects. The adverse impact of @entity174 on quality of life and functionality needs to be recognized by medical practitioners, subjects and the community, so that adequate health resources can be devoted to the prevention and treatment of this debilitating condition condition.

title: A case-control study of quality of life and functional impairment in @entity1 with long-standing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral osteoporotic fracture']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disk or joint disease']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'vertebral fractures', 'Fracture', 'vertebral fracture']

answer: @entity3604 :: (MESH:D058866,Disease) :: ['vertebral osteoporotic fracture']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background.    Efficacy endpoints in @entity683 clinical trials may include clinical symptoms and virological measurements, although virology cannot serve as the primary endpoint. We investigated the relationship between @entity683 A RNA copy number and quantity of infectious viruses in hospitalized @entity683 @entity1 . Methods.    One hundred fifty @entity683 -infected, hospitalized @entity1 were included in this prospective cohort study spanning the 2012-2013 @entity683 season. Daily nasopharyngeal samples were collected during hospitalization, and @entity683 A RNA copy number and infectious viral titer were monitored. Results.    The decay rate for 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) was 0.51    0.14 log10 TCID50/mL per day, whereas the RNA copy number decreased at a rate of 0.41    0.04 log10 copies/mL per day (n = 433). The log ratio of the RNA copy number to the infectious viral titer within @entity1 changes significantly with -0.25    0.09 units per day (P = .0069). For a 12-day observation period, the decay corresponds to a decline of this ratio of 3 log @entity683 RNA copies. Conclusions.    Influenza RNA copy number in nasal swabs is co-linear with culture, although the rate of decay of cell culture-based viral titers was faster than that observed with molecular methods. The study documented a clear decreasing log ratio of the RNA copy number to the infectious viral titer of the @entity1 over time.

title: A Downward Trend of the Ratio of Influenza RNA Copy Number to Infectious Viral Titer in Hospitalized Influenza A-Infected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether three-dimensional (3D) printed models can be used to improve interventional simulation and planning in @entity1 with @entity8521 . Background: Stenting of a hypoplastic transverse arch is technically challenging, and complications such as stent migration and partial obstruction of the origin of the head and neck vessels are highly dependent on operator skills and expertise. Methods: Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, a 3D model of a repaired @entity1498 of a 15-year-old @entity1 with @entity8521 was printed. Simulation of the endovascular stenting of the hypoplastic arch was carried out under fluoroscopic guidance in the 3D printed model, and subsequently in the @entity1 . A Bland-Altman analysis was used to evaluate the agreement between measurements of aortic diameter in the 3D printed model and the @entity1 's MRI and X-ray angiography. Results: The 3D printed model proved to be radio-opaque and allowed simulation of the stenting intervention. The assessment of optimal stent position, size, and length was found to be useful for the actual intervention in the @entity1 . There was excellent agreement between the 3D printed model and both MRI and X-ray angiographic images (mean bias and standard deviation of 0.36        0.45 mm). Conclusions: 3D printed models accurately replicate @entity1 ' anatomy and are helpful in planning endovascular stenting in transverse arch @entity509 . This opens a door for potential simulation applications of 3D models in the field of catheterization and cardiovascular interventions.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: 3D printed models for planning endovascular stenting in transverse XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['aortic coarctation']

entities_list: @entity8521 :: ('MESH:D001015', 'Disease') :: ['aortic arch hypoplasia', 'hypoplastic aortic arch']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

answer: @entity8521 :: (MESH:D001015,Disease) :: ['aortic arch hypoplasia']


abstract: @entity1933 nanoparticles are promising candidates for theranostics in @entity5 , that aims to achieve in one-step precise @entity5 imaging by magnetic resonance, and targeted therapy through surface attached anti- @entity5 drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate in preclinical setting the biocompatibility of new @entity1933 -based nanoparticles that were coated with @entity3034 for improved dispersion in biological media. These nanostructures (NPs) were designed for biomedical applications as contrast agents and  or drug carriers. We investigated the effect exerted in vitro by NPs and @entity3034 on the viability and proliferation of normal @entity19 L929 fibroblasts. NPs exhibited good biocompatibility against these cells. Moreover, @entity3034 contained in NPs sustained fibroblasts proliferation and  or limited anti-proliferative effects of naked nanoparticles. In the animal study, C57BL  6 @entity19 were injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of NPs (approximately 125 mg  kg body weight). We followed up hematological and histological parameters for one, three and seven days after NPs administration. Results indicated that NPs possibly induced local @entity32 and consequent recruitment of peripheral lymphocytes, whilst the decrease of platelet counts may reflect tissue lesions caused by NPs. The histopathological study showed mild to moderate alterations in the hepatocytes, splenic and renal cells, while the brain parenchyma only presented nonspecific congestive changes. Taken altogether, the preclinical study indicated that the new @entity1933 nanoparticles coated with @entity3034 were biocompatible against fibroblasts and had a convenient toxicological profile when administered intraperitoneally in a single dose to C57BL  6 @entity19 . Accordingly, the proposed nanostructure is a promising candidate for imaging and treating dispersed peritoneal @entity5 .

title: Toxicity of XXXX coated @entity1933 nanoparticles in intraperitoneal delivery setting - preliminary preclinical study.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['Iron oxide', 'iron oxide']

answer: @entity3034 :: (MESH:D007980,Chemical) :: ['L-DOPA']