abstract: The scintigraphic findings in @entity2621 are highly variable and can mimic any @entity1374 . In this study, we compared the scintigraphic findings with ultrasonography in 48 @entity1 with @entity2621 . Thyroid scintigrams revealed @entity1373 in 12 @entity1 , @entity1376 in 20 @entity1 and a solitary nodule in 16 @entity1 (toxic @entity652 , n = 1; hypoactive nodule, n = 4; hyperactive nodule with no suppression, n = 3; normoactive nodule, n = 8). Ultrasonography revealed @entity1373 in 19 @entity1 , @entity1376 in 20 @entity1 and a solitary nodule in 9 @entity1 . The thyroid scan and ultrasonography revealed the same findings of @entity1373 in 12 @entity1 and @entity1376 in 20 @entity1 . Of the 16 @entity1 with a solitary nodule on scintigraphy, only 9 showed the same finding on ultrasonography, with the other 7 showing @entity1373 . The difference in nodularity between thyroid scanning (74.9%) and sonography (60.4%) has been attributed to pseudonodularity in @entity2621 . In conclusion, our results confirmed that @entity2621 can mimic any @entity1374 , including @entity1373 , @entity8170 and @entity1376 on scintigraphy. Therefore, scintigraphy, ultrasonography and serum thyroid hormone estimation alone may not be helpful for the final diagnosis of @entity2621 . To eliminate unnecessary surgical intervention, all @entity1 should be evaluated by means of physical examination and thyroid autoantibodies, in addition to a thyroid scan, ultrasonography, serum thyroid hormones and fine-needle aspiration biopsy when necessary.

title: Scintigraphic varieties in XXXX and comparison with ultrasonography.

entities_list: @entity8170 :: ('MESH:D006044', 'Disease') :: ['nodular goiter']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's thyroiditis", "Hashimoto's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1376 :: ('MESH:C564546', 'Disease') :: ['multinodular goiter']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid abnormality']

answer: @entity2621 :: (MESH:D050031,Disease) :: ['Hashimoto's thyroiditis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The impact of intraoperative @entity7048 on postoperative @entity410 after elective repair of an @entity438 was evaluated. METHODS: Chart review of a prospectively accrued database was performed for @entity1 admitted from January 1, 2003, through December 31, 2013. @entity1 were included in the study if they underwent elective repair of an unruptured @entity439 with surgical clipping or wrapping. The primary objective was to determine if the use of @entity7048 increased @entity1 ' odds of having a @entity410 within six hours of surgical intervention. Univariate comparisons were conducted on all variables for @entity1 who received @entity7048 and @entity1 who were treated with other antibiotics. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the impact of @entity7048 administered intraoperatively on postoperative @entity410 , while accounting for other covariates. RESULTS: Of the 520 @entity1 included, 53 (10.2%) @entity1 developed @entity410 within six hours after surgery. A total of 439 (84.4%) @entity1 received @entity7048 intraoperatively. There were no differences in baseline characteristics between the @entity1 who received @entity7048 compared with those who did not. The frequency of @entity410 did not significantly differ between @entity1 treated with @entity7048 versus other antibiotics (11.2% versus 4.9%, respectively; p = 0.08). Multivariable regression revealed that the use of @entity7048 did not increase the odds of having a @entity410 postoperatively compared with @entity1 treated with other antibiotics (odds ratio, 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 0.82-7.15). CONCLUSION: No relationship was found between the intraoperative use of @entity7048 and the development of @entity410 during the six hours after the repair of unruptured @entity438 .

title: Impact of intraoperative XXXX on postoperative @entity410 after elective repair of @entity438 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity7048 :: ('MESH:D002437', 'Chemical') :: ['cefazolin']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['unruptured cerebral aneurysm', 'cerebral aneurysms']

answer: @entity7048 :: (MESH:D002437,Chemical) :: ['cefazolin']


abstract: Brain endothelial cells have unique properties in terms of barrier function, local molecular signaling, regulation of local @entity450 ( @entity450 ) and interactions with other members of the neurovascular unit. In @entity6249 ( @entity8994 ; @entity21375 ), the endothelial cells in small arteries survive, even when mural pathology is advanced and myocytes are severely depleted. Here, we review aspects of altered endothelial functions that have been implicated in @entity21375 : local @entity450 dysregulation, endothelial activation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. Reduced @entity450 is reported in the diffuse white matter lesions that are a neuroradiological signature of @entity21375 . This may reflect an underlying deficit in local @entity450 regulation (possibly via the @entity842 / @entity6708 signaling pathway). While many laboratories have observed an association of symptomatic @entity21375 with serum markers of endothelial activation, it is apparent that the origin of these circulating markers need not be brain endothelium. Our own neuropathology studies did not confirm local endothelial activation in small vessels exhibiting @entity21375 . Local BBB failure has been proposed as a cause of @entity21375 and associated parenchymal lesions. Some groups find that computational analyses of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, following systemic injection of a @entity2287 -based contrast agent, suggest that extravasation into @entity75 is heightened in @entity1 with @entity21375 . Our recent histochemical studies of donated brain tissue, using immunolabeling for large plasma proteins [fibrinogen, immunoglobulin G (IgG)], do not support an association of @entity21375 with recent plasma protein extravasation. It is possible that a trigger leakage episode, or a size-selective loosening of the BBB, participates in @entity21375 pathology.

title: Endothelial cells and XXXX @entity6249 .

entities_list: @entity8994 :: ('MESH:D050379', 'Disease') :: ['arteriolosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity6249 :: ('MESH:D059345', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral small vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral blood flow', 'CBF']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Metastatic @entity14 carries a poor prognosis and cannot be cured by currently available therapy. Chemotherapy designed to prolong survival and improve the quality of life (QOL) of @entity1 is the mainstay of treatment. Standard regimens of FOLFOX/bevacizumab and CapeOX/bevacizumab can cause @entity2359 , potentially disrupting treatment. The results of 3 phase II studies of combination therapy with S-1, irinotecan, and bevacizumab showed comparable efficacy to mFOLFOX6/bevacizumab and CapeOX/bevacizumab, without severe @entity2359 . Therefore, the establishment and evaluation of S-1-containing @entity2600 -based regimens for first-line treatment are expected to become more important. METHODS: The TRICOLORE trial is a multicenter, randomized, open-label, controlled phase III study which aims to evaluate the non-inferiority of combination therapy with S-1/irinotecan/bevacizumab (a 3-week regimen [SIRB] or 4-week regimen [IRIS/bevacizumab]) to @entity901 -based standard treatment (mFOLFOX6/bevacizumab or CapeOX/bevacizumab) in @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 who had not previously received chemotherapy. @entity1 will be randomly assigned to either the control group (mFOLFOX6/bevacizumab or CapeOX/bevacizumab) or study group (SIRB or IRIS/bevacizumab). The target sample size is 450 @entity1 . The primary endpoint is progression-free survival (PFS), and the secondary endpoints are overall survival (OS), response rate (RR), time to treatment failure (TTF), relative dose intensity (RDI), the incidence and severity of adverse events, quality of life (QOL), quality-adjusted life years (QALY), health care costs, and relations between biomarkers and treatment response (translational research, TR). DISCUSSION: The results of this study will provide important information that will help to improve the therapeutic strategy for metastatic @entity14 , and we believe that this study is very meaningful from the perspective of comparative effectiveness research. TRIAL REGISTRATION: UMIN000007834.

title: Study protocol of the TRICOLORE trial: a randomized phase III study of XXXX -based chemotherapy versus combination chemotherapy with S-1, irinotecan, and bevacizumab as first-line therapy for metastatic @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity901 :: (MESH:C030110,Chemical) :: ['oxaliplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A retrospective analysis of 20 cases of tuberculum @entity1653 with emphasis on the surgical technique and visual outcome. METHODS: Between 2003 and 2006 twenty @entity1 with tuberculum and @entity1653 were treated at the @entity9604 Aviv medical center. There were 17 females and 3 males. The age range was 28-83. Most @entity1 presented with @entity227 . Surgery was performed using the subfrontal approach. The visual function before and after surgery was evaluated as the main outcome parameter of the surgical treatment of these @entity5 . FINDINGS: In 16 @entity1 complete @entity5 resection was achieved and in 4 subtotal removal was performed. Visual acuity improved in 32% of the eyes and deterioration was observed in two eyes (5%). Visual field improved in 28% of the eyes and deteriorated in 14%. There was no complete @entity1018 as a result of surgery. There was no mortality in our series. CONCLUSIONS: Tuberculum and @entity1653 can be safely resected using the subfrontal approach with preservation and even improvement of visual function after surgery. Early surgery with better pre-operation visual function and smaller @entity5 size were associated with a better outcome.

title: Tuberculum and XXXX --surgical technique and visual outcome in a series of 20 cases operated over a 2.5-year period.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual deterioration']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['diaphragma sella meningioma', 'sella meningioma']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['diaphragma sella meningioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Persistent @entity490 occurs in many @entity1 after cholecystectomy, some of whom are described as having @entity1690 ( @entity1690 ). @entity158 in @entity1690 type III is thought to be of biliary origin with little objective data, and treatment is often unsatisfactory. Chronic @entity490 without a biological disease marker is similar to @entity1744 , in which many @entity1 exhibit @entity1931 . This study tested the hypothesis that duodenal-specific visceral afferent sensitivity exists in @entity1 with @entity1690 type III. METHODS: Eleven @entity1 with chronic @entity490 after cholecystectomy and 10 controls underwent duodenal and rectal barostat studies to evaluate visceral @entity158 perception measured with a visual analog scale. All subjects underwent psychological testing. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity1690 type III exhibited duodenal but not @entity1931 compared with controls. There were no differences in duodenal compliance between the groups. @entity9317 reproduced symptoms in all but 1 @entity1 . @entity1 showed high levels of somatization, @entity308 , @entity3119 , and @entity148 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity1690 type III exhibited duodenal-specific @entity1931 , and duodenal distention reproduced symptoms in all but 1 @entity1 . @entity490 in these @entity1 may not originate exclusively from the biliary tree.

title: @entity158 syndrome: pathophysiology of XXXX in @entity1690 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['sphincter of Oddi dysfunction', 'SOD']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['visceral hyperalgesia', 'rectal hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain', 'Abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive behavior']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity9317 :: ('MESH:D004382', 'Disease') :: ['Duodenal distention']

answer: @entity490 :: (MESH:D015746,Disease) :: ['abdominal pain']


abstract: We collected 75 primary @entity2 with @entity1358 , or sarcomatous elements to better define their clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical profile. The @entity1 's age ranged from 42 to 81 years (mean 65 years), and the male-to-female ratio was 9.7:1. Sixty-nine @entity1 (92%) were smokers. Cough and hemoptysis were the most frequent presenting symptoms. Fifty-nine @entity1 (65%) died of disease: only stage significantly predicts overall survival (p = 0.0273). Microscopically, based on the WHO criteria, 58 cases were classified as @entity189 (51 with an epithelial component, 7 composed exclusively of spindle and giant cells), 10 as @entity189 , 3 as @entity7468 , 3 as @entity6962 , and 1 as @entity8523 . Immunohistochemically, in the @entity5 composed exclusively of spindle and/or giant cells, @entity7457 ( @entity7457 ) and @entity5822 were positive in 55% and 70% of the cases, respectively, whereas @entity3231 was always negative. In @entity189 with an epithelial component, @entity5822 , @entity7457 , and @entity3231 were positive in the sarcomatoid component in 62.7%, 43.1%, and 5.9% of the cases, respectively, whereas they were always negative in the sarcomatous part of @entity6962 and @entity8523 . In the epithelial component of @entity189 , @entity5822 , @entity7457 , and @entity3231 were positive in 76.4%, 58.8%, and 39.2% of the cases, respectively, whereas the same antibodies did not react with the epithelial component of @entity6962 ; in the case of @entity8523 , the epithelial part of the @entity5 was positive for @entity5822 and @entity7457 , whereas it was negative for @entity3231 . @entity2225 was always negative. In our opinion, this study: 1) supports the metaplastic histogenetic theory for this group of @entity5 ; 2) shows that @entity5822 and @entity7457 , but not @entity3231 , are useful immunohistochemical markers in this setting; 3) confirms that stage is at the moment the only significant prognostic parameter, as in conventional @entity1149 ; and 4) shows that this group of @entity5 has a worse prognosis than @entity1149 at surgically curable stages I, justifying their segregation as an independent histologic type in the WHO classification.

title: XXXX with @entity1358 , or sarcomatous elements: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 75 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3231 :: ('653509', 'Gene') :: ['surfactant protein-A']

entities_list: @entity7468 :: ('MESH:D018286', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['spindle cell carcinoma', 'pleomorphic carcinoma', 'pleomorphic carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung carcinomas', 'conventional non-small cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity8523 :: ('MESH:D018202', 'Disease') :: ['blastoma', 'pulmonary blastoma']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic, sarcomatoid']

entities_list: @entity7457 :: ('7080', 'Gene') :: ['thyroid transcription factor-1', 'TTF-1']

entities_list: @entity6962 :: ('MESH:D002296', 'Disease') :: ['carcinosarcoma', 'carcinosarcomas']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nonoperative options for @entity75 ( @entity75 ) of the talar dome are limited, and currently, there is a lack of scientific evidence to guide management. PURPOSE: To evaluate the short-term efficacy and safety of platelet-rich plasma ( @entity7676 ) compared with hyaluronic acid (HA) in reducing @entity158 and disability caused by @entity75 of the ankle. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 2. METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 aged 18 to 60 years were allocated to a treatment by intra-articular injections of either HA (group 1) or @entity7676 (plasma rich in growth factors [PRGF] technique, group 2) for @entity75 of the talus. Thirty @entity75 , 15 per arm, received 3 consecutive intra-articular therapeutic injections and were followed for 28 weeks. The efficacy of the injections in reducing @entity158 and improving function was assessed at each visit using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot Scale (AHFS); a visual analog scale (VAS) for @entity158 , stiffness, and function; and the subjective global function score. RESULTS: The majority of @entity1 were @entity1 (n = 23; 79%). The AHFS score improved from 66 and 68 to 78 and 92 in groups 1 and 2, respectively, from baseline to week 28 (P < .0001), favoring @entity7676 (P < .05). Mean VAS scores (1 = asymptomatic, 10 = severe symptoms) decreased for @entity158 (group 1: 5.6 to 3.1; group 2: 4.1 to 0.9), stiffness (group 1: 5.1 to 2.9; group 2: 5.0 to 0.8), and function (group 1: 5.8 to 3.5; group 2: 4.7 to 0.8) from baseline to week 28 (P < .0001), favoring @entity7676 (P < .05 for stiffness, P < .01 for function, P > .05 for @entity158 ). Subjective global function scores, reported on a scale from 0 to 100 (with 100 representing healthy, preinjury function) improved from 56 and 58 at baseline to 73 and 91 by week 28 for groups 1 and 2, respectively (P < .01 in favor of @entity7676 ). CONCLUSION: Osteochondral lesions of the ankle treated with intra-articular injections of @entity7676 and HA resulted in a decrease in @entity158 scores and an increase in function for at least 6 months, with minimal adverse events. Platelet-rich plasma treatment led to a significantly better outcome than HA.

title: Platelet-rich plasma or hyaluronate in the management of XXXX of the talus.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['OCLs', 'osteochondral lesions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['osteochondral lesions']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity68058 is a @entity9800 -polymer conjugate prepared by linking @entity9800 ( @entity1191 ) to a hydrophilic, cyclodextrin-based, linear polymer through @entity13507 bonds. In previous studies, these polymer conjugates with high molecular weights (ca 90 kDa) have shown significant antitumor effects against @entity1 @entity694 xenografts. The pharmacokinetics of @entity68058 in plasma of @entity35 and its biodistribution in @entity19 bearing @entity1 LS174T @entity694 is reported here. METHODS: @entity35 were injected intravenously with three different doses of @entity68058 . Serial plasma samples were analyzed for polymer-bound and unconjugated @entity1191 by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Concentration vs time data were modeled using non-compartmentalized methods and compared to @entity1191 alone injected intravenously at an equivalent dose. Tumor-bearing @entity19 were injected intravenously with @entity68058 and intraperitoneally with @entity1191 alone, and sacrificed after 24 and 48 h, and serum, heart, liver, spleen, lungs and @entity5 collected. Tissue samples were extracted and analyzed for polymer-bound and unconjugated @entity1191 by HPLC. RESULTS: Plasma concentrations and the area under the curve for polymer-bound @entity1191 are approximately 100-fold higher than those of unconjugated @entity1191 or @entity1191 alone, injected intravenously at an equivalent dose. The plasma half-life of @entity68058 ranges from 17 -20 h and is significantly greater than that of @entity1191 alone (1.3 h). When @entity1191 is conjugated to polymer, the biodistribution pattern of @entity1191 is different from that taken alone. At 24 h post injection, the total @entity1191 per gram of tissue is the highest in @entity5 tissue when compared to all other tissues tested. Tumor concentrations of active @entity1191 released from the conjugate are more than 160-fold higher when administered as a polymer conjugate rather than as @entity1191 alone. CONCLUSIONS: The studies presented here indicate that intravenous administration of @entity68058 , a cyclodextrin based polymer- @entity1191 conjugate, gives prolonged plasma half-life and enhanced distribution to @entity5 tissue when compared to @entity1191 alone. The data also show that active @entity1191 is released from the conjugate within the @entity5 for an extended period of time. These effects likely play a significant role in the enhanced antitumor activity of @entity68058 when compared to @entity1191 alone or @entity2600 .

title: Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of the XXXX -polymer conjugate @entity68058 in @entity35 and @entity5 -bearing @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma', 'colon carcinoma tumors']

entities_list: @entity9800 :: ('MESH:D002166', 'Chemical') :: ['camptothecin']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity9800 :: (MESH:D002166,Chemical) :: ['camptothecin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A pretherapeutic staging system to design nonoperative or neoadjuvant treatments in @entity356 is required. In this study, a simple staging system based on laparoscopic findings to define a treatment algorithm was developed. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted of 151 @entity1 allocated into four stages based on laparoscopic findings. The depth of @entity5 invasion and the presence of @entity3 based on laparoscopic findings were used to construct these stages. Laparoscopic findings were compared with histopathology. RESULTS: An excellent agreement of the laparoscopy-defined depth of invasion and the surgical pathology standard was found (weighted kappa 0.85). The likelihood ratios for a positive and negative laparoscopic diagnosis of @entity3 were 40.4 and 0.015, respectively (98.5% sensitivity, 97.6% specificity). Those for positive and negative diagnosis of resectability were 2.6 and 0.03, respectively (98.4% sensitivity, 62% specificity). The laparoscopic stages presented significant prognostic value. Two-year survival was 93%, 69%, 60%, and 17%, respectively. Surgical resection was possible in 100%, 100%, 49%, and 12%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed laparoscopic staging system is a simple and reproducibLe way for selection of a suitable therapy. It allows for adequate stratification of the main risk factors in the setting of clinical trials evaluating preoperative treatments.

title: The role of pretherapeutic laparoscopy in the selection of treatment for @entity1 with XXXX : a proposal for a laparoscopic staging system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: A 32-year-old @entity1 with @entity249 due to bilateral laparoscopic salpingectomy conceived twins with @entity52 ( @entity52 ). She developed moderate @entity43 which was treated with anticoagulant therapy. The subsequent course of the twin pregnancy was normal until the 17th week of gestation when she presented to hospital because of a sharp @entity158 in the right lower abdomen which ceased after admission. Case: Except for a single incident of @entity391 , @entity1 had no other subjective symptoms. The clinical examination showed tenderness of the lower right abdominal segment on palpation. The surgeon and the urologist found no signs of an acute surgical or urologic condition, and laboratory findings were within normal reference ranges for pregnant @entity1 . Two days after admission the @entity158 reappeared; it was now much stronger and colic-like. The @entity158 was initially located supraumbilically but subsequently spread diffusely across the lower abdomen. Abdominal guarding was present and laboratory findings showed an increase in inflammatory parameters. An enlarged and @entity4 was found on transvaginal ultrasound. Conclusion: Exploratory laparotomy via a vertical midline abdominal transection revealed a torqued necrotic right ovary with elements of @entity32 and inflammatory adhesions involving the entire pelvis. The @entity1 underwent right-sided ovariectomy and adhesiolysis. Recovered was normal and the @entity1 was delivered of healthy twins in the 37th week of gestation.

title: Acute Abdomen in the 17th Week of Twin Pregnancy due to XXXX - A Late Complication of @entity52 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['tubal factor infertility']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous right ovary']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in vitro fertilization']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['Ovarian Torsion']


abstract: Phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of @entity731 . @entity15580 ( @entity15580 ) is highly expressed in vascular SMCs in the experimental arteriosclerotic neointimal area as well as in cultured SMCs, suggesting that increased expression of the @entity15580 gene is related to the phenotypic alteration of vascular SMCs. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms and to identify the essential DNA sequences in @entity15580 gene expression, a genomic clone containing over 8 kilobases of the 5'-flanking region of the @entity1 @entity15580 gene has been isolated. Sequence analysis revealed that a number of putative regulatory elements including unusual tandem repeated AP-2-like sequences were observed in the 5'-flanking region. Primer extension and ribonuclease protection analyses revealed that transcription of the @entity1 @entity15580 gene starts from two major regions. Promoter analysis using deletion constructs in @entity1 cells, highly producing @entity15580 transcripts, showing that the region (from - 33 to + 13 relative to the transcription start point) had a potential promoter activity suggested that the region from -33 to + 13, containing a @entity7391 -rich stretch composed of four CTTTTT-repeated sequences, is sufficient for the proximal promoter activity. Moreover, three distinct DNA sequences surrounding the transcription start site (P1, from -60 to -33; P2, from + 14 to +40; P3, from +41 to +66) were revealed to be functional as a cis-acting positive enhancer, and a nuclear protein(s) from the @entity1 cells was demonstrated to specifically bind to the sequences, respectively. However, promoter analysis has shown that the P2 and P3 sequences could not activate the @entity1 @entity15580 promoter in a synergistic manner. On the basis of deoxyribonuclease I footprinting analysis showing that a DNA element from +48 to +60 within the P3 sequence is preferentially protected, the P3 sequence appears to contain a potential regulatory element involved in @entity15580 gene expression. The present study demonstrated the structure of the 5'-regulatory region of the @entity1 @entity15580 gene and multiple cis-acting positive sequences closely located around the transcription start points with an important role in regulation of @entity1 @entity15580 gene expression.

title: Isolation and characterization of the 5'-flanking regulatory region of the XXXX natriuretic peptide receptor C gene.

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity15580 :: ('4883', 'Gene') :: ['Natriuretic peptide receptor-C', 'NPR-C']

entities_list: @entity7391 :: ('MESH:C030986', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimidine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity1110 -oxidase (NOX)-dependent reactive @entity26 species (ROS) production is involved in self-renewal of stem and progenitor cells. Herein, we investigated whether high @entity413 (25 mM/L) (HG)-dependent NOX-mediated ROS generation is involved in self-renewal of visceral adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) as well. To this end ASCs cultured in HG or normal @entity413 (5 mM/L) used as control, were evaluated for their stem cell identity. We demonstrated that freshly isolated ASCs are pluripotent as they differentiate into adipocytes in-vitro and form neovessels in-vivo. However, only HG-cultured ASCs expressed @entity4729 ( @entity4729 ) and @entity2440 and formed spheroids. The assembly of @entity20995 and @entity20994 subunits is crucial for NOX-enzymatic activity. By knock-down of @entity1114 phox the role of NOX-generated ROS in driving @entity938 de-differentiation has been provided. siRNA technology was also applied to demonstrate the role of @entity584 activity in mediating HG-induced @entity4729 and @entity2440 expression as well as spheroid formation. Additionally, by knock-down of @entity4729 we provided further evidence that @entity4729 is essential for HG-mediated stem cell identity. Soluble factors released by ASCs are key elements in their mechanism of action. We found that NOX and @entity584 activity are required for cytokine production by "spheroids". Finally, as HG-cultured ASCs, @entity6 @entity1 -derived ASCs expressed higher levels of @entity4729 and @entity2440 than ASCs derived from healthy subjects and engaged ROS and @entity584 activity to turn on their secretion program. Thereby, our data indicate that HG via NOX-dependent @entity584 activity induces @entity938 de-differentiation, and suggest that HG pre-conditioning might be exploited for @entity938 ex-vivo expansion.

title: High XXXX via NOX-dependent ROS generation and @entity584 activity promotes adipose-derived stem cell de-differentiation.

entities_list: @entity4729 :: ('5460', 'Gene') :: ['Oct4', 'octamer-binding transcription factor 4', 'Oct-4']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: PURPOSE: To develop predictive models for @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) @entity3 in @entity2969 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: 291 @entity1 with @entity2969 were included, which were divided into @entity10711 and nonseminomatous groups. For screening the risk factors for @entity1600 @entity3 , the @entity5 -related characteristics (including histopathological information and @entity5 markers) alpha fetoprotein and the @entity1600 -related features on CT were compared between metastatic cases and nonmetastatic cases. Two logistic regression models were built for each histological group, one depending on all @entity5 - and @entity1600 -related risk factors (Model 1) and another only on @entity5 -related factors (Model 2). Receivers operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the predictive abilities of these models. RESULTS: 117 positive nodes/regions were identified in 68 @entity1 , including 51 @entity3 and 17 occult @entity3 . Based on the selected independent risk factors, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of Models 1 and 2 in @entity10711 and nonseminomatous groups were (95.5%, 95.3%, 95.3%, 77.8%, and 99.2%), (63.6%, 83.6%, 80.7%, 40.0%, and 93.0%), (93.5%, 94.7%, 94.3%, 89.6%, and 96.8%), and (89.1%, 44.2%, 58.9%, 43.6%, and 89.4%), respectively. CONCLUSION: Two predictive models for each @entity10711 and nonseminomatous @entity5 were established based on @entity1600 - and @entity5 -related risk factors. In @entity1 with @entity5 and @entity1600 -related risk factors, regular CT surveillance is likely sufficient for predicting @entity1600 status, while in the @entity1 without any @entity5 and @entity1600 -related risk factors a long interval-time CT follow-up should be considered. Additionally, right side @entity5 tend to involve contralateral LNs compared to left side ones. Positive inguinal LNs more frequently occur in @entity1 with a history of groin surgery.

title: Predictive models for @entity1600 XXXX in @entity1 with @entity2969 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'testicular tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity10711 :: ('MESH:C537844', 'Disease') :: ['seminomatous']

entities_list: @entity2969 :: ('MESH:C563236', 'Disease') :: ['testicular germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Stress is the most commonly reported precipitant of @entity302 , but the mechanism by which stress precipitates @entity410 and the risk factors for stress as a @entity410 precipitant are poorly understood. Previously, we observed higher levels of @entity148 in @entity1 with @entity302 who reported stress as a @entity410 precipitant. Given that childhood @entity130 increases the risk of general psychiatric symptom burden, including @entity148 , we sought to examine the relationship between childhood adversity and stress as a @entity410 precipitant. METHODS: Sequential outpatients (N=236) evaluated at the @entity302 Center of the University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute who had previously enrolled in an earlier study of stress and @entity410 were enrolled. Subjects either endorsed stress as a @entity410 precipitant [Stress (+)] or not [Stress (-)]. The @entity130 Questionnaire Short Form (CTQ-SF), a 28-question scale that evaluates 5 domains of childhood adversity (physical abuse, physical neglect, @entity734 , emotional neglect, and @entity458 ) was sent via mail and returned on paper or electronically from @entity1 . Total CTQ-SF score and CTQ-SF domain scores were compared between Stress (+) and Stress (-) groups using Wilcoxon rank sum test. Spearman's rank correlation between CTQ-SF scores with @entity308 and @entity148 was also determined, and these analyses were followed by a multivariate analysis to identify the association of childhood @entity130 with other factors including @entity148 and @entity308 . RESULTS: A total of 119 out of 236 CTQ-SFs that were sent out were completed. Response rates were 91/195 for Stress (+) and 28/41 for Stress (-). The Stress (+) group reported higher scores in @entity734 compared with the Stress (-) group (p=0.029); CTQ-SF total scores were higher in the Stress (+) group compared with the Stress (-) group (p=0.08), and @entity458 scores were higher in Stress (+) group (p=0.07), but there were no statistically significant differences for other types of @entity130 . @entity308 and @entity148 scores were higher in the Stress (+) group, but @entity148 was the only independent factor associated with the Stress (+) group in the multivariate analysis (p=0.0021). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity302 who report stress as a @entity410 precipitant are more likely to endorse a history of childhood traumatic experiences, particularly @entity734 , compared with those who do not perceive stress as a precipitant. Further study is needed to identify how childhood @entity130 interacts with @entity148 in modulating stress response in @entity1 with @entity302 .

title: Childhood @entity130 in XXXX with self-reported stress-precipitated @entity410 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual abuse']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['emotional abuse']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Childhood Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Tibial stress fractures are an important cause of @entity1273 in the Thoroughbred racehorse. While it is recognised that these injuries can vary in clinical presentation and radiographic or scintigraphic appearance, little has been done to quantify lesion severity. By contrast the scintigraphic grading of @entity1642 in @entity1 athletes is widely reported and assists in the selection of appropriate management regimes. OBJECTIVES: To determine the relationship between scintigraphic grade, clinical severity and radiographic appearance of @entity1642 . METHODS: The current study involved the retrospective analysis of records from 42 Thoroughbreds with abnormal tibial scintigraphic activity. RESULTS: There was a significant association between lesion site and scintigraphic grade and good correlation of scintigraphic scoring between investigators. No significant association was found between scintigraphic grade and either radiographic grade or degree of @entity1273 . CONCLUSIONS: The study confirmed that radiographic appearance is an unreliable measure of clinical severity or stage of progression of lesions. The scintigraphic grading system used in the study was not of use in defining stress fracture severity in the @entity1641 tibia. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Despite this finding, there is clearly a need for prospective investigations to explore the potential for targeted management regimes for tibial injuries based on lesion site or clinical criteria.

title: The application of a scintigraphic grading system to XXXX @entity1642 : 42 cases.

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['tibial stress fractures']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['equine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In embryonic myocytes, closure of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) drives mitochondrial maturation and cardiac myocyte differentiation. Since neonatal cardiac myocytes remain relatively immature, we hypothesized that inducing PTP closure at this age, by inhibiting the PTP regulator, @entity26579 ( @entity26579 ), genetically or with @entity205 ( @entity9472 ) and @entity20200 , would increase cardiac function by increasing mitochondrial maturation and myocyte differentiation. METHODS: Cultured neonatal myocytes or neonatal @entity19 were treated for 5 days with vehicle, @entity9472 or @entity20200 . Mitochondrial function and structure were measured in vitro. Myocyte differentiation was assessed by immunolabeling for contractile proteins. Cardiac function was determined using echocardiography. RESULTS: The probability of PTP opening was high in WT neonatal myocytes. Treatment with @entity9472 or @entity20200 in vitro increased mitochondrial structural complexity and membrane potential, decreased reactive @entity26 species levels, and increased myocyte differentiation. WT @entity19 treated with either @entity9472 or @entity20200 in vivo for the first 5 days of life had higher ejection fractions. Deleting @entity26579 had similar effects as @entity9472 and @entity20200 on all parameters. CONCLUSIONS: It may be feasible to inhibit the PTP using available drugs to increase mitochondrial maturation, myocyte differentiation, and cardiac function in neonates.Pediatric Research (2017); doi:10.1038/pr.2017.19.

title: Preventing Permeability Transition Pore Opening Increases Mitochondrial Maturation, Myocyte Differentiation and Cardiac Function in the Neonatal XXXX Heart.

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporin A']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: No reliable cyst fluid biomarkers exist that allow preoperative identification of @entity1 with @entity4929 ( @entity4929 ) and high-risk pathology. @entity9625  protein has been demonstrated to be a biomarker of @entity1141 in @entity4929 . It is unknown whether @entity9625 protein is present in the cyst fluid from @entity4929 . The aims of this study were to determine whether @entity9625 protein is present in the cyst fluid of @entity4929 and demonstrate whether @entity9625 protein concentration correlates with the degree of @entity1141 . METHODS: @entity1 with surgically resected @entity4929 and banked @entity45 fluid were identified. Low-risk @entity4929 ( @entity258 [ @entity258 ] or @entity19354 [ @entity19354 ]) and high-risk @entity4929 ( @entity1893 [ @entity1893 ] or @entity3 ) were identified. @entity45 fluid concentrations of @entity9625 protein were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Samples from 31 @entity1 were analyzed. @entity9625 protein was detected in the cyst fluid of 30 of 31 specimens (97%). Median cyst fluid @entity9625 protein concentration (ng/mL) was as follows: @entity258 , 0.6 (interquartile range [IQR] 0.35-0.6); @entity19354 , 1.55 (IQR 0.65-2.7); @entity1893 , 4.2 (IQR 1.7-9.2) (P  < .05). The median @entity9625 protein concentration was significantly higher in the @entity1893 group (4.2 ng/mL, IQR 1.7-9.2) compared with the concentration in the low-risk group (1.1 ng/mL, IQR 0.6-2.7, P  = .03). CONCLUSION: @entity9625 protein is present in IPMN cyst fluid. Significantly higher concentrations of cyst fluid @entity9625 protein are found in @entity4929 with @entity1893 compared with lesions with @entity258 or @entity19354 . Cyst fluid concentrations of @entity9625 protein may thus serve as a biomarker to differentiate @entity1 with high-risk @entity4929 from those with low-risk @entity4929 .

title: @entity45 fluid concentration of high-mobility group A2  protein acts as a differential biomarker of XXXX in @entity4929 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['IPMNs', 'intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity9625 :: ('8091', 'Gene') :: ['HMGA2', 'High-mobility group (HMG) A2']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic cyst', 'pancreatic cyst']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cancer']

entities_list: @entity19354 :: ('MESH:C565640', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'moderate dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['HGD', 'high-grade dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1141 :: (MESH:C535662,Disease) :: ['dysplasia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: It is predicted that around 20% of the worlds population will be age 60 or above by 2050. Prevalence of @entity73 and @entity303 is high in older adults and modifiable dietary factors may be able to reduce risk for these conditions. Phytoestrogens are bioactive plant chemicals found in soy, which have a similarity in structure to natural @entity53 (the most abundant circulating @entity172 ). This structural likeness enables phytoestrogens to interact with @entity172 receptors in the brain, potentially affecting cognition. However, findings in this domain are largely inconsistent, with approximately 50% of studies showing positive effects of phytoestrogens on cognition and the other half resulting in null/negative findings. This paper provides an updated review of the relationship between consumption of phytoestrogens and risk for @entity73 and/or @entity303 . In particular, possible mediators were identified to explain discrepant findings and for consideration in future research. A case can be made for a link between phytoestrogen consumption, thyroid status and cognition in older age, although current findings in this area are very limited. Evidence suggests that inter-individual variants that can affect phytoestrogen bioavailability (and thus cognitive outcome) include age and ability to breakdown ingested phytoestrogens into their bioactive metabolites. Factors of the study design that must be taken into account are type of soy product, dosage, frequency of dietary intake and type of cognitive test used. Guidelines regarding optimal phytoestrogen dosage and frequency of intake are yet to be determined.

title: Phytoestrogen consumption and risk for @entity73 and XXXX : With consideration of thyroid status and other possible mediators.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: Chronic stress or chronically high glucocorticoids attenuate adult hippocampal neurogenesis by reducing cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation in male rodents. Neurons are still produced in the dentate gyrus during chronically high glucocorticoids, but it is not known whether these new neurons are appropriately activated in response to spatial memory. Thus, the goal of this study was to determine whether immature granule neurons generated during chronically high glucocorticoids (resulting in a @entity308 -like phenotype) are differentially activated by spatial memory retrieval. Male @entity35 received either 40 mg/kg @entity2819 ( @entity46188 ) or vehicle for 18 days prior to behavioral testing. @entity35 were tested in the forced swim test (FST) and then tested in a spatial (hippocampus-dependent) or cued (hippocampus-independent) Morris Water Maze. Tissue was then processed for doublecortin ( @entity15990 ) to identify immature neurons and @entity11970 , an immediate early gene product. As expected, @entity46188 increased @entity308 -like behavior (greater immobility in the FST) however, prior @entity46188 modestly enhanced @entity4207 compared with oil. Prior @entity46188 reduced the number of @entity15990 -expressing cells and proportion of @entity15990 -expressing cells colabeled for @entity11970 , but only in the ventral hippocampus. Prior @entity46188 shifted the proportion of cells in the ventral hippocampus away from postmitotic cells and toward immature, proliferative cells, likely due to the fact that postmitotic cells were produced and matured during @entity46188 exposure but proliferative cells were produced after high @entity46188 exposure ceased. Compared with cue training, spatial training slightly increased @entity15990 -expressing cells and shifted cells toward the postmitotic stage in the ventral hippocampus. These data suggest that the effects of @entity46188 and spatial training on immature neurons are more pronounced in the ventral hippocampus. Further, high @entity46188 reduced activation of immature neurons, suggesting that exposure to high @entity46188 may have long-term effects on cell integration or function.    2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Prior high XXXX exposure reduces activation of immature neurons in the ventral hippocampus in response to spatial and nonspatial memory.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['spatial learning and memory']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague Dawley rats', 'Rats']

answer: @entity2819 :: (MESH:D003345,Chemical) :: ['corticosterone']


abstract: AIM: Despite the reported occurrence of @entity4500 of @entity3384 , little is known about their prevalence in @entity1 from Northern Finland with @entity3384 . The aim was to investigate the prevalence of @entity4500 among @entity1 with different types of clefts in Northern Finland. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Design and Statistics: @entity1 records of 139 subjects aged three years and older (with clefts treated in Oulu University Hospital, Finland during the period 1996-2010 (total n. 183) were analysed for @entity4500 including the number of teeth, morphological @entity600 and their association with the cleft type. The analyses were carried out using Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. Differences between the groups were considered statistically significant at p values < 0.05. RESULTS: More than half of the @entity1 had clefts of the hard palate, 18% of the lip and palate, and 13% of the lip. At least one @entity4500 was detected in 47% of the study population. Almost one in three (26.6%) subjects had at @entity154 and 17.9% had two or three anomalies. The most common @entity154 in permanent teeth were missing teeth followed by supernumerary teeth. Supernumerary teeth were significantly more apparent when the lip was involved in the cleft compared with palatal clefts. Missing teeth were less prevalent among those 5 years or younger. The prevalence of different anomalies was significantly associated with the cleft type in both age groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4500 are more prevalent among cleft @entity1 than in the general population in Finland. The most @entity154 associated with cleft were missing and supernumerary teeth.

title: XXXX associated with @entity3384 in Northern Finland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['type of anomaly', 'least one anomaly', 'prevalent anomalies']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['and developmental anomalies']

entities_list: @entity4500 :: ('MESH:D014071', 'Disease') :: ['dental anomalies', 'dental anomaly', 'Dental anomalies']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['cleft lip and palate']

answer: @entity4500 :: (MESH:D014071,Disease) :: ['Dental anomalies']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the TCR beta repertoire of peripheral blood @entity405 enriched ( @entity405 +) and depleted ( @entity405 -) T cells in @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity1 and controls using @entity2612 length analysis (spectratyping). METHODS: @entity405 + and @entity405 - T cells were separated from 14 @entity309 @entity1 and 12 controls, using magnetic beads coated with anti- @entity405 monoclonal antibodies. cDNA was prepared as the template for amplification with 22 V beta-C beta primer pairs. The products were resolved by electrophoresis in an ABI373 sequencer using GENESCAN software. Expansions were identified as dominant @entity2612 lengths, where the area underlying the corresponding peak exceeded the sum of the areas of the two adjacent peaks. This method was validated by sequencing 10 samples displaying dominant peaks. The expansion frequencies in @entity309 @entity1 and controls were compared using the chi 2 test statistic. RESULTS: Dominant peaks were evident in several V beta families. They were more frequent in @entity309 @entity1 in both the @entity405 + subset ( @entity309 normalised frequency 10.6; control normalised frequency 8.0; p = 0.03) and the @entity405 - subset ( @entity309 normalised frequency 2.9; control normalised frequency 1.5; p = 0.02). Sequencing of 10 samples exhibiting dominant peaks revealed an unequivocal clonal expansion in nine (90%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity309 @entity1 exhibited a significantly increased frequency of T cell expansions both in the @entity405 + and @entity405 - subsets. This phenomenon may reflect the proliferation of autoreactive cells, a nonspecific expansion of memory T cells in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines or a defect of T cell regulation that predates the onset of @entity309 and may itself predipose to disease.

title: TCR beta spectratyping in XXXX : evidence of clonal expansions in peripheral blood lymphocytes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['RA']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Abstract Purpose: To compare the effects of different fractionated doses of abdominal radiation therapy on acute histopathological responses of testicular tissues in @entity35 . Methods: Thirty-three 3-week-old @entity35 albino @entity35 were randomized into 6 groups: group 1 (n = 5), control; group 2 (n = 4), hypofractionated @entity1661 ( @entity1661 ) of 6 Gy/1 fraction/day for 2 days; group 3 (n = 6), hypofractionated @entity1661 of 4 Gy/1 fraction/day for 3 days; group 4 (n = 6), hypofractionated @entity1661 of 3 Gy/1 fraction/day for 4 days; group 5 (n = 6), conventionally fractionated @entity1661 of 2 Gy/1 fraction/day for 6 days; group 6 (n = 6), conventionally fractionated @entity1661 of 1.7 Gy/1 fraction/day for 7 days. Mean epithelial length and diameter of seminiferous tubules of testicular tissues were determined after euthanasia. Results: Initially, a highly significant decrease in both the mean tubular diameter and epithelial height of the seminiferous tubules was demonstrated in all irradiated @entity35 compared with the control group. No significant differences regarding both damage parameters were found between different hypofractionated radiation therapies. Both conventional radiation therapies reduced the epithelial height and mean diameter of the seminiferous tubules to a lesser extent when compared with 6 Gy/1 fraction/day hypofractionated therapy. It was further shown that parameter values were comparable between @entity35 that received 3 Gy/day hypofractionated therapy and @entity35 that received either of the two conventional therapies. Furthermore, although 4 Gy/day hypofractionation decreased tubular diameter and epithelial length to a greater degree compared with the conventional therapy of 1.7 Gy/1 fraction/day, no statistically significant difference was found when compared with conventional therapy of 2 Gy/1 fraction/day. Additionally, no statistically significant difference was demonstrated between the two types of conventional radiotherapy application. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that hypofractionated abdominal irradiation leads to more prominent tissue damage in the testes than conventional irradiation.

title: Acute histopathological responses of testicular tissues after different fractionated abdominal irradiation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['total abdominal irradiation', 'TAI']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is useful for detecting depth of invasion and nodal involvement in @entity1 with @entity355 ( @entity355 ), precluding endoscopic management. This study aimed to determine whether the lesion morphology of the @entity355 shown on high-resolution endoscopy predicts EUS and histologic @entity5 stage. METHODS: Retrospective series from two tertiary referral centers were studied. @entity1 with @entity355 referred for EUS evaluation before treatment were identified, and data were collected from endoscopies, a database, and case notes. All @entity1 had high-resolution endoscopy followed by radial EUS. RESULTS: This study included 50 @entity1 (22 @entity1 ) with a median age of 69 years (interquartile range, 60-79 years). Visible lesions in the Barrett's segment were described as Paris types 0-1 (n = 9), 0-IIb (n = 12), 0-IIa (n = 12), 0-IIa + IIc (n = 6), and 0-IIc (n = 5). Of the 50 @entity1 , 46 (92%) had either EMR (n = 17), esophagectomy (n = 23), or both (n = 6). All 12 @entity1 (100%) with Paris 0-IIb lesions had T0/T1 m staging on EUS confirmed with resection histology. The sensitivity for EUS T-staging for Paris classification was 71.4% for type 0-I, 100% for type 0-IIb, 83% for type 0-IIa, 66.7% for type 0-IIa + IIc, and 66.7% for type IIc. Overall, 8 (17%) of the 46 @entity1 were understaged and 2 (4%) were overstaged. For detecting submucosal invasion, EUS had a sensitivity of 66%, a specificity of 93%, a negative predictive value of 85%, and a diagnostic accuracy of 84.4%. CONCLUSION: Submucosal invasion is detected by EUS for 26% of @entity1 with @entity355 . The value of EUS staging before resection for type 0-IIb early Barrett's @entity5 ( @entity75 ) is limited because 100% of these lesions are limited to the mucosa. For the management algorithm in this selected cohort, the use of EUS should be reconsidered.

title: High-resolution endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasound for evaluation of early @entity5 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['flat lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["early Barrett's neoplasia", 'EBN']

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's esophagus']


abstract: PURPOSE: The efficacy of @entity3756 for the treatment of @entity2754 is evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 37 potent @entity1 , 19 to 70 years old (mean age 41), with @entity2754 were treated with 50 mg. oral @entity3756 and placebo in a controlled randomized single-blind crossover trial. All @entity1 were either married or in a stable relationship. None of the @entity1 received any formal psychosexual therapy. Chronic open label treatment with @entity3756 was continued in 29 @entity1 who had achieved an increase in ejaculatory latency times over pretreatment levels with active drug in the initial crossover study. In an attempt to identify which @entity1 could maintain the improved ejaculatory control after withdrawal of the active drug, serial drug withdrawal was conducted every 4 weeks with drug initiation after a further 2 weeks if improved ejaculatory control was not maintained. RESULTS: The mean pretreatment ejaculatory latency time was 0.3 minute (range 0 to 1). The mean ejaculatory interval after 4 weeks of treatment was 3.2 minutes (range 1 minute to anejaculation) with @entity3756 and 0.5 minute (range 0 to 1) with placebo (p <0.001). Intravaginal ejaculation was achieved for the first time in 5 @entity1 with primary @entity2754 and 2 @entity1 experienced anejaculation. One @entity1 described minor drowsiness and @entity448 , and 2 @entity1 described mild, transient @entity344 . Staged drug withdrawal allowed 20 of the 29 @entity1 (67%) on chronic open label treatment with @entity3756 to discontinue the drug after a mean interval of 7.3 months with a mean ejaculatory latency time of 4.1 minutes (range 1 to 12). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3756 appears to be a useful agent in the pharmacological treatment of @entity2754 .

title: Treatment of XXXX with @entity3756 : a single-blind placebo controlled crossover study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal upset']

entities_list: @entity3756 :: ('MESH:D020280', 'Chemical') :: ['Sertraline', 'sertraline hydrochloride', 'sertraline']

entities_list: @entity2754 :: ('MESH:D061686', 'Disease') :: ['premature ejaculation']

answer: @entity2754 :: (MESH:D061686,Disease) :: ['premature ejaculation']


abstract: @entity740 ( @entity740 ) stages 3 to 5, affects 6-7% of the adult population and is an important risk factor for both @entity8 and @entity65 . This paper describes a quality improvement project that aimed to establish consistent implementation of best practice in @entity1 with stage 3-5 @entity8 who were managed in primary care. The intervention was a Care Bundle for @entity740 . The bundle included three evidence-based, high impact interventions based on National Institute for Care Excellence (NICE, 2008) guidance, with an additional and novel self-management element. 29 GP Practices in England and Wales began the study. They undertook training in clinical management of @entity740 and in facilitation of self-management, with the self-management content designed and led by @entity1 . Practices were asked to report baseline and then monthly outcome data extracted from practice computer systems. The project team provided implementation and ongoing quality improvement support for participating Practices. Ten Practices dropped out of the study following the training. Data submissions were incomplete in six Practices who continued to apply the care bundle. At the project end, a decision was taken by the study team to perform the final analysis on those thirteen Practices which completed the project and submitted at least six sets of monthly Practice-level outcome data. In these Practices the Care Bundle was applied to under 20% of the registered @entity740 stage 3 to 5 population in 5 Practices, 20-29% in 3 Practices, 30-49% in 2 Practices and >= 50% in 3 Practices (998 @entity1 in total). Of these, 671 @entity1 (75%) agreed to the self-management component of the intervention. The reliability (at project end) in those who received the Bundle was 100%. The Bundle was applied to an additional 315 @entity1 in the six Practices who completed the project but did not submit regular practice-level monthly data. In the thirteen remaining Practices, the achievement of NICE (2008) blood pressure targets at the start of the project was 74.8% in @entity1 with @entity740 stage 3-5 and no @entity6 and 48% in @entity1 with @entity740 stage 3-5 and @entity6 . At the project end these figures in the same Practices were 76.7% and 49.2% respectively. These improvements were achieved in spite of Practices increasing their recording of prevalence rate (that is, identifying and recording more @entity1 with @entity740 on the Practice @entity740 Register). In conclusion, a care bundle can be implemented in primary care. However, maintaining engagement with primary care health care professionals and maximising exposure to an intervention in @entity1 seen infrequently are significant challenges to generalisation and sustainability.

title: A quality improvement project to improve the effectiveness and @entity1 -centredness of management of @entity1 with mild-to-moderate XXXX in primary care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['advanced kidney disease', 'kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic kidney disease', 'CKD']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['kidney disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It recently became evident that @entity5 cells undetectable by conventional @entity5 staging are frequently present in bone marrow of @entity1 with apparently localized @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). The clinical relevance of this minimal @entity5 cell dissemination is under vigorous debate. METHODS: For @entity5 cell detection in the bone marrow, we used monoclonal antibody CK2 against the epithelial intermediate filament protein @entity2873 . The influence of a positive bone marrow finding on clinical outcome was studied in 139 @entity1 with @entity1149 postoperatively staged as pT1-4, pN0-2, M0, and R0 after a median follow-up of 66 months (range 48 to 74 months). RESULTS: Cytokeratin-18-positive cells in bone marrow were demonstrated in 83 (59.7%) @entity1 at the time of primary surgery and in 6 of 12 representative @entity1 analyzed twice 3 to 18 months after surgery. In @entity1 without histopathological lymph node metastases (pN0; n = 66), the occurrence of 2 or more @entity5 cells in bone marrow at primary surgery was a strong and independent predictor for overall survival (p = 0.007) in univariate analysis. The multivariate analysis showed a 2.8 times increased risk for shorter survival in @entity1 with disseminated @entity5 cells versus @entity1 without such cells. Four of the 6 @entity1 with a positive cytokeratin status after surgery developed a @entity5 recurrence 11 to 44 months after the operation, while none of the @entity1 with a negative bone marrow at all time intervals showed a @entity5 relapse. CONCLUSIONS: Minimal residual bone marrow involvement is an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in @entity1 with node-negative @entity1149 , which may help to identify @entity1 in need of an adjuvant systemic therapy. The postoperative persistence or reappearance of @entity5 cells in bone marrow indicates that these are not only shed cells but rather represent true micrometastasis.

title: @entity5 cells in bone marrow predict reduced survival in node-negative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'hematogenous tumor', 'isolated tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: The differential diagnosis of groin @entity158 must consider problems of the @entity9 . These nerves may become injured during @entity547 surgery or lower quadrant surgical procedures. To treat @entity128 , it is critical to understand their anatomic variability. In the present study the pattern of cutaneous nerve branches in the inguinal region was investigated through dissection in 64 halves of 32 @entity1 embalmed anatomic specimens. In contrast to usual textual descriptions, four different types of cutaneous branching patterns are identified: type A, with a dominance of genitofemoral nerve in the scrotal/labial and the ventromedial thigh region. In type A, the ilioinguinal nerve gives no sensory contribution to these regions (43.7 percent). In type B, with a dominance of @entity129 shares a branch with the ilioinguinal and gives motor fibers to cremaster muscle in the inguinal canal, but has no sensory branch to the groin (28.1 percent). In type C, with a dominance of genitofemoral nerve, the ilioinguinal nerve has sensory branches to the mons pubis and inguinal crease together with an anteroproximal part of the root of the penis or labia majora. The nerve was found to share a branch with the iliohypogastric nerve (20.3 percent). In type D, cutaneous branches emerge from both the @entity9 . Additionally, the ilioinguinal nerve innervates the mons pubis and inguinal crease together with a very anteroproximal part of the root of the penis or labia majora (7.8 percent). The described patterns of innervation were bilaterally symmetric in 40.6 percent of the cadavers. The anatomic variability of both nerves has implications for all surgeons operating in the groin region and for those caring for the @entity1 with groin @entity158 .

title: Anatomic variability of the @entity9 : implications for the treatment of groin XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['ilioinguinal nerve, the genitofemoral nerve']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['injury to these nerves']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['ilioinguinal and/or genitofemoral nerve', 'ilioinguinal and the genitofemoral nerves']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective. To evaluate the role of preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and absolute neutrophil count (ANC) in @entity1 ' prognosis with localized @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). Methods. Data from 218 localized @entity1358 @entity1 (T1-3 N0/+ M0), operated between 1991 and 2011 at two centers, were evaluated retrospectively. Univariable and multivariable analyses using the Cox regression model were performed to determine the associations of NLR and ANC with @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). Prognostic accuracy was evaluated with the Harrell concordance index. Results. The 5-year @entity1349 rate was 87.0%. Multivariable analysis identified increased NLR (>= 3.6) and ANC (>= 5300/ L) as independent prognostic factors for @entity1349 (hazard ratio (HR) = 4.01, P = 0.018) and (HR = 4.71, P = 0.045). The final model built by the addition of NLR or ANC improved predictive accuracy (c-index: 0.824, 0.842) compared with the clinicopathological base model (c-index: 0.800), which included TNM stage and tumor @entity39 . Conclusions. The NLR and ANC appear to be independent prognostic factors for @entity1349 after surgery for localized @entity1358 . They significantly increase the accuracy of established prognostic factors. Therefore, we recommend adding NLR and ANC to traditional prognostic model, which may improve its predictive accuracy.

title: Preoperative Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Neutrophilia Are Independent Predictors of Recurrence in @entity1 with Localized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['papillary renal cell carcinoma', 'pRCC']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'recurrence-free survival']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the effects of two different mixtures of the main conjugated @entity4722 (CLA) isomers cis-9, trans-11 CLA and trans-10, cis-12 CLA on @entity1 immune function. DESIGN: Double-blind, randomized, parallel, reference-controlled intervention study. SUBJECTS AND INTERVENTION: Seventy-one healthy males aged 31-69 y received one of the following treatments: (1). mixture of 50% c9,t11 CLA and 50% t10,c12 CLA isomers (CLA 50:50); (2). mixture of 80% c9,t11 CLA and 20% t10,c12 CLA isomers (CLA 80:20); and (3). sunflower oil @entity1718 (reference). The treatments were given as supplements in softgel capsules providing a total of 1.7 g (c9,t11+t10,c12) CLA @entity1718 (50:50) or 1.6 g (c9,t11+t10,c12) CLA glycerides (80:20) per day in treatment groups for 12 weeks. RESULTS: Almost twice as many subjects reached protective antibody levels to @entity1956 when consuming CLA 50:50 @entity1718 (15/24, 62%) compared with subjects consuming the reference substance (7/21, 33%, P=0.075). In subjects consuming CLA 80:20 glycerides this was 8/22 (36%). Other aspects of immune function, ie DTH responses, NK cell activity, lymphocyte proliferation and production of @entity310 , @entity1356 , @entity650 , @entity379 , @entity1199 , @entity3646 , and @entity1421 , were not affected. CONCLUSION: This is the first study that suggests that CLA may beneficially affect the initiation of a specific response to a @entity1956 vaccination. This was seen in the CLA 50:50, but not in the CLA 80:20 group.

title: Effects of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 conjugated @entity4722 (CLA) isomers on immune function in healthy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Vaccination of domestic animals has emerged as an alternative long-term strategy for the control of @entity378 ( @entity378 ). A trial under field conditions was conducted in a @entity378 -free @entity1237 herd to assess the safety of the @entity2497 BCG vaccine. Eleven kids and 10 milking @entity1237 were vaccinated with BCG. Bacterial shedding and @entity57137 ) responses were monitored throughout the study. Comprehensive pathological examination and mycobacterial culture of target tissues were performed. BCG vaccine strain was only isolated from the draining lymph node of the injection site of a kid euthanized at week 8 post-vaccination. The remaining animals were euthanized at week 24. Six out of 20 showed small @entity738 at the injection site. BCG shedding was not detected in either faeces or in milk throughout the study. All vaccinated kids showed BCG-induced IFN-y responses at week 8 post-vaccination. BCG vaccination of @entity1237 showed no lack of biological safety for the animals, environment and public health, and local adverse reactions were negligible.

title: Assessment of safety and interferon gamma responses of @entity2497 BCG vaccine in XXXX kids and milking @entity1237 .

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis', 'TB']

entities_list: @entity2497 :: ('1765', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium bovis']

answer: @entity1237 :: (9925,Species) :: ['goat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Limited data are available on the risk of @entity65 in @entity3918 and PM. The purpose of this study was to estimate the risk of incident @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and @entity64 in adults with incident PM/ @entity3918 at the general population level. METHODS: We assembled a retrospective cohort of all adults with incident PM/ @entity3918 in British Columbia, and we matched up to 10 adults randomly selected from the general population. We estimated the incidence rates (IRs) per 1000 @entity1 -years for @entity583 and @entity64 . We calculated hazard ratios (HRs), adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: Among 774 new cases of @entity5442 , 424 had PM (59% female, mean age 60 years) and 350 had @entity3918 (65% female, mean age 56 years). IRs for @entity583 and @entity64 in PM were 22.52 and 10.15 events per 1000 @entity1 -years, respectively, vs 5.50 and 5.58 events in the comparison cohort, respectively. Fully adjusted HRs (95% CI) were 3.89 (95% CI: 2.28, 6.65) for @entity583 and 1.76 (95% CI: 0.91, 3.40) for @entity64 . The age-, sex- and entry time-matched HRs for @entity583 and @entity64 were highest in the first year after PM diagnosis (6.51, [95% CI: 3.15, 13.47] and 3.48 [95% CI: 1.26, 9.62], respectively). Similar trends were seen for @entity3918 . CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that PM and @entity3918 are both associated with an increased risk of @entity583 but not @entity64 . Our findings support increased vigilance in cardiovascular prevention, surveillance and risk modification in adults with PM and @entity3918 .

title: Risk of @entity583 and XXXX in adults with polymyositis and dermatomyositis: a general population-based study.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity5442 :: ('MESH:D009220', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory myopathies']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['ischaemic stroke']


abstract: Our purpose was to determine the expression of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II gene products as well as the costimulatory molecules @entity12750 on cervical epithelial cells, and to determine to what extent inflammatory cytokines regulate their expression. Immunohistology and flow cytometry techniques were used to identify and quantify MHC class I and class II molecules, and the costimulatory molecules @entity12750 , on sections and primary epithelial cell cultures of @entity1 endo- and ectocervix. MHC class I but not class II molecules were constitutively expressed on tissue sections and primary epithelial cell cultures derived from endo- and ectocervix. Expression of MHC class I and class II was upregulated in vitro by @entity379 in a time and dose dependent fashion. The induction of class II expression was more pronounced on ectocervical cells than on endocervical cells. MHC class I but not class II expression was also enhanced by @entity3027 as well as @entity310 . @entity310 and @entity2533 inhibited the @entity379 induced MHC class II expression. Expression of the costimulatory molecules @entity12750 were not detected in tissue sections or on resting or cytokine-treated cervical epithelial cells in vitro. The present results support the concept that endo- and ectocervical epithelial cells, like their counterparts at other mucosal sites. constitutively express MHC class I molecules and can express MHC class II upon cytokine stimulation, indicating that they are capable of presenting antigens to T-cells.

title: Cytokine induced modulation of MHC class I and class II molecules on XXXX cervical epithelial cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Considering the negative effects of glucocorticoid treatment, especially during fetal development it is important to investigate effectors decreasing such disadvantages. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of prenatally administered @entity619 ( @entity9170 ), a synthetic glucocorticoid, on the histomorphometry of the femur in the offspring of spiny @entity19 . The study was performed on 24 pregnant spiny @entity19 . The time of the experiment included the prenatal period between the 20th day of gestation until birth (pregnancy lasts on average of 36-38 days). The @entity19 from the experimental group received @entity619 per os in a dose of 125 mg/kg birth weight daily. At the end, the newborns from the experimental and control group were weighted and euthanized. Maternal @entity9170 treatment resulted in a 17% decrease in birth weight in newborns. @entity9170 administration significantly reduced the thickness of the @entity1184 zone of the growth plate by 34% and total thickness by 8,7%. In addition, @entity9170 decreased the number of cells in the articular cartilage by 27% and significantly decreased their diameter by 5%. @entity9170 also affected the structure and spatial distribution of thick and thin collagen fibers, lowering the proportion of thin fibers compared with the control group. Moreover, @entity9170 treatment considerably lowered the amount of proteoglycans in articular and growth cartilages. Exposure to glucocorticoids in pregnant spiny @entity19 affects cartilage development by accelerating maturity of collagen fibers and growth plate, presumably along with further disruption of longitudinal growth of long bones.

title: The influence of XXXX administered prenatally on cartilage of newborn spiny @entity19 (Acomys cahirinus) offspring.

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: Splenic macrophages play a key role in regulating cell proliferation during a variety of chronic perturbations of the hematopoietic system. This regulatory activity is in sharp contrast to the activities of inflammatory monocytes/macrophages in that it is not dominated by the secretion of @entity2918 or toxic metabolites such as @entity2627 . A productive model for studying these nontoxic regulatory activities of splenic macrophages has been provided by macrophages generated in vitro (M phi-c) during autologous spleen cell culture. The M phi-c effectively inhibit (greater than 90%) lymphocyte proliferation by inhibiting G1----S phase progression without inhibiting the production of interleukins by the lymphocytes. Conditioned medium from M phi-c activated with @entity558 + @entity3692 effected a similar @entity1167 of activated lymphocytes. The involvement of @entity2391 in effecting the antiproliferative activity is suggested by (1) the ability of monospecific anti- @entity2391 mAB, but not anti- @entity2533 , anti-IL-1, anti- @entity310 , or anti- @entity379 , to neutralize the antiproliferative activity in the M phi-c supernatants and (2) the ability of purified @entity2391 to effect a similar inhibition of cell proliferation (i.e., @entity1167 without inhibition of interleukin production). @entity1505 and @entity3692 could not effect such an inhibition of cell proliferation and did not synergize with @entity2391 in producing such an antiproliferative effect. The M phi-c could be activated to effector function by a combination of @entity558 + @entity3692 or @entity1505 + @entity3692 , but not by any one of those reagents alone. @entity558 alone was sufficient to stimulate @entity310 production by the M phi-c. Activation of the M phi-c by @entity558 + @entity3692 could be completely blocked by anti- @entity310 antibodies. These data suggest that the M phi-c can be induced to produce inhibitory levels of cytostatic cytokines by a @entity310 autocrine loop that is @entity379 dependent. The in vivo relevance of this effector mechanism is suggested by, and discussed in the context of, the recent reports of "spontaneous" production of @entity2391 during immunological disorders.

title: Evidence for involvement of @entity310 in the induction phase and XXXX in the effector phase of antiproliferative activity of splenic macrophages.

entities_list: @entity2627 :: ('MESH:D010545', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxides']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

answer: @entity2391 :: (3456,Gene) :: ['IFN-beta']


abstract: The aim of our study was to estimate the levels of @entity6421 (NTP), anti thyroglobulin antibodies (ATG), anti thyroid microsomal antibodies (MAB), immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA and IgM) and @entity1011 in the serum of @entity1 with @entity1374 . The clinical material consisted of 71 @entity1 (64 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 ) with @entity137 (30 @entity1 ), @entity5 (33 @entity1 : 22 with @entity259 and 11 with @entity259 ) and @entity1374 (8 @entity1 ). The control group consisted of 30 healthy @entity1 . In studied groups the mean serum levels of NTP and @entity1011 were in normal range. The highest levels of NTP were found in @entity1 with @entity259 (7.14 +/- 5.95 nmol/l) and with @entity137 (5.13 +/- 3.57 nmol/l). It was statistically significant in comparison with control group (p < 0.05). Anti thyroglobulin antibodies (ATG) were detected in serum of 36 @entity1 (50.7%) and anti thyroid microsomal antibodies (MAB) were in serum of 28 @entity1 (39.4%). Mean levels of these autoantibodies were significantly higher than in control group (< 0.05). In @entity1 with autoantibodies (ATG and/or MAB) mean serum level of NPT was significantly higher than in @entity1 without these autoantibodies (p < 0.05). We did not find a significant correlation between the level of NPT and the levels of ATG and MAB.

title: [Level of @entity6421 in blood serum in selected XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['non-toxic nodular goitre']

entities_list: @entity6421 :: ('MESH:D019798', 'Chemical') :: ['neopterin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinoma', 'thyroid adenoma']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroiditis', 'thyroid diseases']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroid diseases']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Surgical correction for @entity3792 is increasingly being performed for @entity1 with @entity1646 ( @entity1646 ). Reported case series have predominantly included @entity1 with Type I (Hurler) and Type IV (Morquio) @entity1646 . To their knowledge, the authors describe the first case report of surgical management of thoracolumbar @entity3792 in @entity5684 ( @entity1646 Type II) and the rare occurrence of @entity19339 following surgical stabilization. A 12-year-old @entity1 with @entity5684 presented with severe thoracolumbar @entity3792 and no associated symptoms. Spinal radiographs demonstrated @entity1513 of 48   (T11-L3) and @entity1635 of 22   (T11-L3) with an anteriorly hypoplastic @entity5022 vertebra. The @entity85 progressed to @entity1513 of 60   and @entity1635 of 42   prior to surgical intervention. Spinal CT scans identified left T12-L1 facet subluxation, causing anterior rotatory displacement of the spine proximal to @entity5022 isthmic spondylolysis with no spondylolisthesis. A combined single-stage anterior and posterior instrumented spinal arthrodesis from T-9 to @entity14331 was performed. @entity1513 and @entity1635 were corrected to 4   and 0  , respectively. Prolonged ventilator support and nasogastric feedings were required for 3 months postoperatively. At 2.5 years following surgery, the @entity1 was asymptomatic, mobilizing independently, and had achieved a solid spinal fusion. However, he had also developed a Grade II spondylolisthesis at L4-5; this was managed nonoperatively in the absence of symptoms or further deterioration of the spondylolisthesis to the 3.5-year postoperative follow-up visit. Satisfactory correction of thoracolumbar @entity3792 in @entity5684 can be achieved by combined anterior/posterior instrumented arthrodesis. The risk of developing @entity85 or instability in motion segments adjacent to an instrumented fusion may be greater in @entity1 with @entity1646 related to the underlying @entity2597 .

title: Thoracolumbar @entity3792 with unilateral subluxation of the spine and postoperative XXXX in @entity5684 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity2597 :: ('MESH:D003240', 'Disease') :: ['connective tissue disorder']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['Kyphosis', 'kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity3792 :: ('MESH:C565711', 'Disease') :: ['kyphoscoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1646 :: ('MESH:D009083', 'Disease') :: ['mucopolysaccharidosis', 'MPS']

entities_list: @entity19339 :: ('MESH:D013168', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar spondylolisthesis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity']

entities_list: @entity5684 :: ('MESH:D016532', 'Disease') :: ['Hunter syndrome']

answer: @entity19339 :: (MESH:D013168,Disease) :: ['lumbar spondylolisthesis']


abstract: @entity242 are @entity5 accounting for a high percentage of @entity5 morbidity and mortality in @entity1 and young adults. Surgery and radiation therapy are the accepted treatments for most @entity242 ; however, @entity1 with @entity3 are treated with systemic chemotherapy. Many @entity5 display marginal levels of chemoresponsiveness and new treatment approaches are needed. Deregulation of the G1 checkpoint is crucial for various oncogenic transformation processes, suggesting that many @entity5 cell types depend on @entity20405 activity. Thus, @entity20405 activity appears to represent a promising therapeutic target for @entity5 treatment. In the present work, we explore the efficacy of @entity8985 inhibition using palbociclib ( @entity20406 ), a highly selective inhibitor of @entity20405 , in a panel of @entity242 cell lines and @entity5 xenografts (PDXs). Palbociclib induces senescence in these cell lines and the responsiveness of these cell lines correlated with their levels of @entity8985 mRNA. @entity20406 is also active in vivo against @entity242 displaying high levels of @entity8985 but not against @entity242 displaying low levels of @entity8985 and high levels of @entity986 . The analysis of @entity5 growing after @entity20406 showed a clear decrease in the @entity8985 levels, indicating that clonal selection occurred in these treated @entity5 . In summary, our data support the efficacy of @entity8985 inhibitors against @entity242 displaying increased @entity8985 levels, particularly @entity1492 and @entity808 . Our results also suggest that high levels of @entity986 may indicate poor efficacy of @entity8985 inhibitors.

title: Efficacy of XXXX inhibition against @entity242 depends on their levels of @entity8985 and @entity986 mRNA.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas', 'Sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'sarcoma tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity20406 :: ('MESH:C500026', 'Chemical') :: ['Palbociclib', 'PD0332991', 'palbociclib']

answer: @entity8985 :: (1019,Gene) :: ['CDK4']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: With rising @entity28 , it is becoming increasingly difficult to distinguish between @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) and @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) in young adults. There has been substantial recent progress in identifying the contribution of common genetic variants to @entity1723 and @entity2175 . We aimed to determine whether a score generated from common genetic variants could be used to discriminate between @entity1723 and @entity2175 , and also to predict @entity1720 in young adults with @entity6 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We developed genetic risk scores (GRSs) from published @entity1723 - and @entity2175 -associated variants. We first tested whether the scores could distinguish clinically defined @entity1723 and @entity2175 from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC, n = 3,887). We then assessed if the @entity1723 GRS correctly classified young adults (diagnosed at 20-40 years of age, the age group with the most diagnostic difficulty in clinical practice; n = 223) who progressed to @entity1720 <3 years from diagnosis. RESULTS: In the WTCCC, the @entity1723 GRS, based on 30 @entity1723 -associated risk variants, was highly discriminative of @entity1723 and @entity2175 (area under the curve [AUC] 0.88 [95% CI 0.87-0.89]; P < 0.0001), and the @entity2175 GRS added little discrimination (AUC 0.89). A @entity1723 GRS >0.280 (>50th centile in those with @entity1723 ) is indicative of @entity1723 (50% sensitivity, 95% specificity). A low @entity1723 GRS (<0.234, <5th centile @entity1723 ) is indicative of @entity2175 (53% sensitivity, 95% specificity). Most discriminative ability was obtained from just nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (AUC 0.87). In young adults with @entity6 , @entity1723 GRS alone predicted @entity1720 (AUC 0.87 [95% CI 0.82-0.92]; P < 0.0001). @entity1723 GRS, autoantibody status, and clinical features were independent and additive predictors of @entity1720 (combined AUC 0.96 [95% CI 0.94-0.99]; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: A @entity1723 GRS can accurately identify young adults with @entity6 who will require insulin treatment. This will be an important addition to correctly classifying individuals with @entity6 when clinical features and autoimmune markers are equivocal.

title: A Type 1 @entity6 Genetic Risk Score Can Aid Discrimination Between Type 1 and Type 2 XXXX in Young Adults.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['T1D', 'type 1 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['severe insulin deficiency', 'progression to insulin deficiency']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study investigated age and gender differences in perceived emotional support in @entity1 and adolescents who experienced @entity458 from the time of discovery to 1 year later. Also examined were the relations among sources of support and adjustment and whether support explained resilience, defined as better adjustment over a year's time. METHOD: One hundred and forty-seven sexually abused youth were interviewed at the time of discovery (T1) and 1 year later (T2). Information gathered included severity of the @entity458 , satisfaction with support from caregivers, same-sex and other-sex friends, feelings of shame about the abuse, and attributional style. Youth adjustment was measured using reports from the youth themselves, caregivers, and teachers. RESULTS: @entity1 reported the most satisfaction with support from caregivers followed by friends whereas adolescents reported similar levels of support from friends and caregivers. Satisfaction with support was differentially related to adjustment. Youth who reported more satisfaction with caregiver support at T1, reported less @entity308 , better self-esteem but more @entity148 . More satisfaction with support from friends predicted lower self-esteem but less sexual @entity148 . More satisfaction with initial caregiver support at T1 predicted better parent- and teacher-rated adjustment 1 year later, after controlling for initial adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: In general, initial caregiver emotional support at the time of abuse discovery predicted resilience in @entity1 and adolescent victims of @entity458 . Findings suggested that treatment should include a focus on helping caregivers provide appropriate emotional support.

title: Emotional support and adjustment over a year's time following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['sexual anxiety 1 year later', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual abuse']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['sexual abuse discovery']


abstract: @entity172 are represented by a diverse group of compounds. Within this large family of molecules are tissue-selective estrogens that have been classified as selective @entity172 receptor modulators (SERMs). These compounds are characterized by the fact that they exhibit both @entity172 agonist and antagonist activity dependent upon the gene promoter and target tissue being examined. SERMs have been intensively studied over the past decade, especially since one, @entity441 , has been approved for the prevention and treatment of @entity170 . While not a replacement for hormone replacement therapy (HRT), @entity441 can be an alternative to it and other treatments for @entity170 . The ideal SERM would provide the positive benefits associated with HRT without the uterine and breast stimulation. @entity441 does achieve some of the benefits of HRT, specifically on the skeleton and lipid metabolism with no apparent uterine effects, and a potential decreased risk of developing @entity0 associated with @entity441 therapy. However, there are a number of parameters that can be improved. A number of SERMs have been evaluated only to fail in development due to, for the most part, uterine safety issues. In order to develop an improved SERM, a stringent screening process was designed to select compounds that did not stimulate the uterus or breast. At the same time, these new compounds would have a positive impact on the skeleton and lipid metabolism with the additional improvement (over @entity441 ) of a neutral effect on hot flashes. Under these strict conditions, @entity178 was developed and, to date, the preclinical pharmacology data have accurately predicted the clinical response demonstrated in phase I and II trials.

title: Developing a SERM: stringent preclinical selection criteria leading to an acceptable candidate ( XXXX ) for clinical evaluation.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogens']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity441 :: ('MESH:D020849', 'Chemical') :: ['raloxifene', 'Raloxifene']

answer: @entity178 :: (MESH:C447119,Chemical) :: ['WAY-140424']