abstract: UNASSIGNED: Many families experience difficulty in talking about an @entity74 that affects one or more of them. There have now been a number of studies identifying the issues in detail, however few have developed interventions to assist families. The SPRinG collaborative have used the UK Medical Research Council's guidance on Developing and Evaluating Complex Interventions, to work with families and genetic counsellors (GCs) to co-design a psycho-educational intervention to facilitate family communication and promote better coping and adaptation to living with an @entity74 for parents and their @entity1 (<18 years). The intervention is modelled on multi-family discussion groups (MFDGs) used in psychiatric settings. The MFDG was developed and tested over three phases. First focus groups with parents, young @entity1 , @entity1 and health professionals discussed whether MFDG was acceptable and proposed a suitable design. Using evidence and focus group data, the intervention and a training manual were developed and three GCs were trained in its delivery. Finally, a prototype MFDG was led by a family therapist and co-facilitated by the three GCs. Data analysis showed that families attending the focus groups and intervention thought MFDG highly beneficial, and the pilot sessions had a significant impact on their family' functioning. We also demonstrated that it is possible to train GCs to deliver the MFDG intervention. Further studies are now required to test the feasibility of undertaking a definitive randomised controlled trial to evaluate its effectiveness in improving family outcomes before implementing into genetic counselling practice.European Journal of @entity1 Genetics advance online publication, 7 October 2015; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2015.215.

title: Developing an intervention to facilitate family communication about XXXX , and training genetic counsellors in its delivery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'children', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited genetic condition']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['inherited genetic conditions']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The diagnosis of essential @entity1148 and @entity6582 vera is often made during a thrombotic event which can be serious. Philadelphia-negative @entity5 @entity1 have an increased thrombotic risk. This is assessed using various scoring systems but these are far from ideal and individual risk. The currend trend to personalised medicine requires finding the most useful thrombotic risk biomarker in these @entity1 . Routine tests for coagulation do not take account of both pro- and anti-coagulant factors which is why these tests are not useful in @entity1 with Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative @entity5 . @entity556 generation reflects more accurately the balance between pro- and anti-coagulant factors. Some parameters of @entity556 generation such as the endogenous @entity556 potential are higher in Philadelphia-negative @entity5 @entity1 , especially in @entity4016 @entity4017 carriers than in healthy controls. They are even higher in those with reactive @entity1148 . The @entity4016 @entity4017 allele burden correlates more with a higher @entity556 generation potential in @entity1 who are not treated with @entity36174 . Instead, @entity4016 @entity4017 -positive @entity1 with Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative @entity5 were the most sensitive to @entity36174 , as was reflected in lower values of platelet @entity556 generation potential. The use of @entity556 generation examination in these @entity1 would enable detection of imminent @entity715 and personalised prophylactic management.

title: XXXX generation - a potentially useful biomarker of thrombotic risk in Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['polycythemia']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocythemia', 'thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity556 :: ('2147', 'Gene') :: ['Thrombin', 'thrombin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myeloproliferative neoplasia', 'neoplasms', 'myeloproliferative neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity36174 :: ('CHEBI:44423', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxycarbamidum']

answer: @entity556 :: (2147,Gene) :: ['Thrombin']


abstract: Both @entity1378 and @entity1375 have been noted to occur in some @entity1 treated with @entity2643 for @entity943 . To determine the frequency of the development of @entity1374 in @entity1 receiving @entity2643 , 45 euthyroid @entity1 were prospectively evaluated. Serum samples were obtained for measurement of @entity1955 , @entity7287 , @entity1954 , and @entity1954 resin uptake prior to initiation of @entity2643 treatment and serially over a 12- to 27-month period during which @entity2643 was administered. The @entity1 were divided into four subgroups as follows: Group I (n = 22) had elevated @entity1955 levels, Group IIA (n = 13) had normal @entity1955 levels and normal thyrotropin levels, Group IIB (n = 7) had normal @entity1955 levels and elevated thyrotropin levels, and Group III (n = 3) had subnormal @entity1955 levels. Demographic factors (such as route of administration, cardiac diagnosis, sex of the @entity1 , or indication for @entity2643 therapy) and @entity2643 levels had no significant effect on the thyroid hormone parameters. However, Group I @entity1 were statistically older than the @entity1 in the other groups. Linear regression analysis revealed a negative correlation for @entity1955 levels and a positive correlation with thyrotropin levels with age for the whole group. The various groups were not statistically affected by duration of therapy, but a positive trend existed for increasing @entity1955 levels. Although virtually all @entity1 showed changes in their thyroid hormone levels, chemical @entity1378 (elevated @entity1955 and @entity1954 levels without symptoms) developed in only two @entity1 (4 percent), and clinical @entity1378 (elevated @entity1955 and @entity1954 levels with symptoms) developed in no @entity1 . Four @entity1 (9 percent) became biochemically and clinically @entity1375 . Thus, @entity2643 frequently influences thyroid hormonal parameters, but less commonly causes a change in actual thyroid function. However, @entity1378 and @entity1375 do occur in a significant number of @entity1 .

title: Effect of long-term XXXX therapy on thyroid hormone levels and thyroid function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity7287 :: ('MESH:D013972', 'Chemical') :: ['thyrotropin']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroidal abnormalities']

answer: @entity2643 :: (MESH:D000638,Chemical) :: ['amiodarone']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: There are currently no published data on @entity1457 ( @entity1457 ) or its prevention in @entity1 . Our study was aimed to analyze the safety and complications of large volume paracentesis (LVP) in @entity1 with severe @entity843 due to @entity409 with or without albumin therapy. METHODS: A prospective longitudinal observational study enrolled @entity1 with severe @entity843 who underwent single time LVP at admission. They were divided into albumin infused (AI) and albumin non-infused (ANI) groups. Hemodynamic monitoring and laboratory parameters including plasma @entity916 activity (PRA) were compared between baseline, 48h and day 6 of LVP. Their outcome at 3months and maximal follow-up were noted. RESULTS: 32 @entity1 (AI, n=17; ANI, n=15) had comparable baseline characteristics and 90.6% had high PRA at onset. The incidence of @entity1457 was 37.5% (ANI: 67%; AI: 12%, p=0.003), occurred if ascitic fluid extraction was >197.5ml/kg (sensitivity: 90%; specificity: 50%, p=0.01) and if flow rate was higher in ANI group (1224  476 vs. 678  214ml/h, p=0.009). ANI @entity1 were susceptible to asymptomatic, persistent @entity2753 (baseline vs. day 6, 131  4 vs. 128  6mEq/L; p=0.04) and had higher rates of recurrent @entity843 (42%) and hospital readmission (67%) within 3months. No survival benefit among the AI or non- @entity1457 groups was demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: LVP is safe in all age groups, best performed under albumin cover to overcome the problems of @entity1457 and @entity2753 . It is prudent to restrict volume extraction to less than 200ml/kg actual dry weight for all and flow rate of 680ml/h in ANI.

title: Safety, complications and outcome of large volume paracentesis with or without albumin therapy in @entity1 with severe XXXX due to @entity409 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['PPCD', 'post-paracentesis circulatory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

answer: @entity843 :: (MESH:D001201,Disease) :: ['ascites']


abstract: Twelve @entity1 with @entity6389 ( @entity6389 ) and @entity717 were studied to determine the effects of changes in head posture on the specific patterns of cervical muscle activity. Turns analysis was used to quantify muscle activity underlying @entity717 , recorded simultaneously from the agonist and antagonist muscle pairs bilaterally ( @entity12014 [ @entity12014 ] and splenius [SPL]). Muscle activity was compared between the uncompensated @entity3520 and during the maintenance of midposition. In addition, @entity1 were separated into two groups (geste = 6; no geste = 6) based on whether they had a clinically efficacious geste to determine the effect of geste on patterns of cervical muscle activity. Muscle activity was measured during the maintenance of midposition with and without a clinical or simulated geste. Differences in muscle activity between the groups and postures were compared using repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) analyses. The four muscles tested showed a significant difference in muscle activity in the uncompensated @entity3520 as a result of the increased activity in the agonist muscle pair ( @entity12014 and SPL responsible for the @entity3520 ) (EMG amplitude: F[1,11] = 18.81, p = 0.0012; EMG frequency: F[1,11] = 32.07, p = 0.0001). Maintaining the head in the midposition was associated with a significant reduction in muscle activity compared with the uncompensated @entity3520 (EMG amplitude: F[1,9] = 6.36, p < 0.033; EMG frequency: F[1,9] = 10.96, p < 0.0091). This reduction in midposition muscle activity was significantly greater in the agonist muscle pair (EMG amplitude: F[1,10] = 19.70, p = 0.0013; EMG frequency: F[1,10] = 44.67, p < 0.0001). In the @entity1 with clinically effective geste, there was no additional reduction in muscle activity observed in the midposition when they performed their geste (EMG amplitude: F[1,9] = 4.63, p = 0.060; EMG frequency: F[1,9] = 1.22, p = 0.298). These findings suggest that @entity6389 with rotation is characterized by predominantly increased agonist muscle activation. @entity1 with @entity6389 retain the ability to modulate this involuntary agonist muscle activity to maintain the head in the midposition. The maintenance of the midposition does not seem to be facilitated by geste.

title: The effect of changes in head posture on the patterns of muscle activity in XXXX ( @entity6389 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['dystonic posture']

entities_list: @entity6389 :: ('MESH:D014103', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'cervical dystonia']

entities_list: @entity12014 :: ('MESH:C535977', 'Disease') :: ['sternocleidomastoid', 'SCM']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['predominant rotation', 'head rotation']

answer: @entity6389 :: (MESH:D014103,Disease) :: ['cervical dystonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity729 ( @entity729 ) is indicated by @entity460 deposits in the coronary artery wall. Calcification is a component of @entity731 and @entity453 . Currently, there are no data on calcification in Saudi @entity1 at high risk of @entity453 . The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and percentiles of @entity729 score in high-risk asymptotic @entity1 in Saudi Arabia with comparison of age-specific @entity729 percentiles derived from large population-based published study in the United States. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective analysis of @entity729 scores (CACS) at a single tertiary care center. METHODS: Between January 2011 and April 2015, @entity1 referred for @entity729 screening because of the presence of one or more CAD risk factors were enrolled in the study. CT scans were interpreted by an experienced radiographic technologist, and confirmed by a radiologist. RESULTS: The study sample consisted of 918 @entity1 , mean (SD) age of 55 (11) years. All @entity1 were asymp.tomatic and referred by their primary care physician or cardiologist for @entity729 screening because presence of one or more CAD risks factors. CAD risk factors included @entity6 , @entity101 , @entity1007 , family history of CAD, and @entity28 . Baseline CAD risk factors were remarkably higher than in the US comparator group. CACS for 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles were calculated. The 75th and 90th CACS percentiles in Saudi @entity1 were significantly higher than the US percentiles. Age and @entity6 are the most independent predictor of severity of @entity729 . LIMITATIONS: A potential bias due to sample collection because data was from a single tertiary care center, the study was retrospective and the sample size was small. CONCLUSION: There are significantly higher CACS percentiles in Saudi @entity1 compared with international data. Application of available published percentiles to a local population is not applicable and underestimates the severity of subclinical @entity731 . A large local population-based study is warranted to establish local CACS percentiles for a better understanding CAD screening, diagnosis, and treatment.

title: Coronary artery XXXX score in high-risk asymptomatic @entity1 in Saudi Arabia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary artery calcification', 'CAC']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Similarly to other reptiles, snakes are ectothermic animals and depend exclusively on the environment for the maintenance of their physiological, biochemical and immunological processes. Thus, changes in biochemical values can be expected due to seasonal influence. Twenty-two adult specimens of @entity15662 amarali kept in captivity were used. Blood collections were done in two different seasons: winter (July 2004) and summer (January 2005) for the following assays: @entity414 , @entity492 aminotransferase (AST), @entity413 , @entity165 , total protein, and serum protein electrophoresis. The mean biochemical results found in summer and winter, respectively, were: 6.3    3.4 and 11.3    6.2 mg/dL for @entity414 ; 28.7    12.4 and 20.7    16.2 UI/L for AST; 26.3    17 and 17.4    6.8 mg/dL for @entity413 ; 67.3    30.2 and 69.7    38.5 mg/dL for @entity165 ; and 5.9    1.6 and 5.9    1.4 g/dL for total protein. Results regarding electrophoresis in summer and winter, respectively, were: 1.9    0.7 and 2.4    0.6 g/dL for albumin; 0.7    0.2 and 0.5    0.2 g/dL for a-globulin; 1.5    0.5 and 1.7    0.6 g/dL for b-globulin; and 1.8    0.5 and 1.5    0.5 g/dL for y-globulin. In the summer, there was a significant increase in AST and a decrease in @entity414 (p < 0.05). Serum protein electrophoresis showed a significant increase in a-globulin fraction (p < 0.05) in the same season. There were not significant differences between seasons for the remaining variables. Based on these results, the period of the year must be considered in the interpretation of some biochemical values for these animals.

title: Seasonal influence on biochemical profile and serum protein electrophoresis for XXXX amarali in captivity.

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity15662 :: ('8574', 'Species') :: ['Boa constrictor']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity15662 :: (8574,Species) :: ['Boa constrictor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Overweight and @entity28 have reached epidemic proportions in Latin America. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to explore social and behavioral factors associated with @entity28 in Peruvian cities. DESIGN: Between 1998 and 2000 health examination surveys were conducted among adults in 1176 families identified in six cities. Stratified by social class, multistaged random sampling was used. Using body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)(2)), @entity1 and @entity1 were classified into normal weight (BMI <25), @entity2973 (BMI 25-29), or @entity28 (BMI > or =30); abdominal circumference (> or =94 cm in @entity1 and > or =84 cm in @entity1 ) further identified morbidity risk. Several demographic, social, and behavioral variables were collected following standardized procedures. RESULTS: Adjusting for age, 37% of @entity1 were categorized as normal weight, 40% @entity2973 , and 23% @entity28 ; corresponding figures for @entity1 were 40, 44, and 16%. More developed cities, e.g., Lima, Arequipa, and @entity6455 , had the largest prevalence of @entity2973 and @entity28 for both @entity1 and @entity1 . Adjusted logistic models showed that BMI > or =25 was positively correlated with age; whereas, education was negatively associated, only among @entity1 . Other significant associated factors of @entity2973 included city of residence, television viewing > or =4 h daily in @entity1 , and underestimation of body weight status. CONCLUSIONS: The study showed elevated rates of @entity2973 across the income level spectrum. Factors such as urban development stage, income, education, and gender posed differential relationships with the risk of @entity2973 and must be considered in designing future public health interventions. Underestimation of body weight status and sedentary behavior may also constitute specific areas of intervention.

title: Social class, family, and life-style factors associated with @entity2973 and XXXX among adults in Peruvian cities.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity2973 :: ('MESH:D050177', 'Disease') :: ['overweight']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: The objective of this study was to review loss of response and need for adalimumab dose intensification in adult and pediatric @entity1 with @entity30 . Studies were identified through the electronic databases of MEDLINE and the annual meetings of @entity21149 Week, of the United European Gastroenterology Week, and of the American College of Gastroenterology and the European Crohn's and @entity1960 Organization meetings. Studies evaluating loss of efficacy and/or need for dose intensification were included. Thirty-nine studies were included. The mean percentage of loss of response to adalimumab among primary responders was 18.2% and the annual risk was 20.3% per @entity1 -year. The mean percentage of @entity1 who required dose intensification among primary responders to adalimumab was 37% and the annual risk was 24.8% per @entity1 -year. When considering initial responders and @entity1 with primary non-response, the mean percentage of @entity1 who needed an adalimumab dose escalation was 21.4% and the annual risk was 24.4% per @entity1 -year. Pooled analysis showed that dose escalation permitted response to be regained in 71.4% and remission in 39.9% of @entity1 . Predictors for loss of response or dose escalation were male gender, current/former smoker status, family history of @entity29 , isolated @entity1049 , extra-intestinal manifestations, 80/40    mg induction therapy, longer disease duration, greater baseline @entity30 Activity Index, concomitant corticosteroid use, no deep remission at week 12, low serum trough concentrations of adalimumab, previous infliximab non-response and being previously treated with an anti- @entity5 @entity39 factor agent. Overall, around one fifth of adult @entity1 require dose intensification and experience a loss of response after initiation of adalimumab therapy. Adalimumab dose escalation permits response to be regained in the majority of @entity1 .

title: Loss of response and need for adalimumab dose intensification in XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity21149 :: ('MESH:D004066', 'Disease') :: ['Digestive Disease']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's Disease", "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic disease']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity32898 ( @entity32898 ) neurons in the hypothalamic @entity1019 ( @entity1019 ) are key components of the @entity2339 , as they regulate the basal pulsatile release of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). @entity1019 @entity32898 action is dependent on energy status, and unmasking metabolic factors responsible for modulating @entity1019 @entity32898 neurons is of great importance. One possible factor is @entity20647 ( @entity20647 ), an anorexigenic neuropeptide produced by brainstem preproglucagon neurons. Because GLP fiber projections and the @entity15984 ( @entity15984 ) are abundant in the @entity1019 , we hypothesized that @entity15984 signaling could modulate @entity1019 @entity32898 action. Using ovariectomized @entity19 , we found that GLP-producing fibers come in close apposition with @entity1019 @entity32898 neurons; these neurons also contain @entity15984 mRNA. Electrophysiological recordings revealed that liraglutide (a long-acting @entity15984 agonist) increased action potential firing and caused a direct membrane depolarization of @entity1019 @entity32898 cells in brain slices. We determined that brainstem preproglucagon mRNA is decreased after a 48-h fast in @entity19 , a negative energy state in which @entity1019 @entity32898 expression and downstream GnRH/luteinizing hormone (LH) release are potently suppressed. However, activation of @entity15984 signaling in fasted @entity19 with liraglutide was not sufficient to prevent LH inhibition. Furthermore, chronic central infusions of the @entity15984 antagonist, exendin(9-39), in ad libitum-fed @entity19 did not alter @entity1019 @entity32898 mRNA or plasma LH. As a whole, these data identify a novel interaction of the @entity20647 system with @entity1019 @entity32898 neurons but indicate that CNS @entity15984 signaling alone is not critical for the maintenance of LH during fasting or normal feeding.

title: @entity15984 Signaling Directly Activates Arcuate Nucleus XXXX Action in Brain Slices but Does not Rescue Luteinizing Hormone Inhibition in Ovariectomized @entity19 During Negative Energy Balance.

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis']

entities_list: @entity1019 :: ('MESH:D012607', 'Disease') :: ['ARC', 'arcuate nucleus']

answer: @entity32898 :: (280287(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Kisspeptin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Current clinical practice guidelines recommend dosing anti- @entity378 drugs according to ideal body weight and provide dosing caps for most first-line agents. However, this recommendation may be placing corpulent @entity1 with @entity378 at risk as increased total body weight is associated with an increased risk of clinical failure. @entity1 with @entity6 are at an increased risk of developing @entity378 and typically weigh more than @entity1 with @entity378 alone. All these factors in-combination stress the importance of evaluating the effect of weight on the pharmacokinetics of first-line anti- @entity378 drugs. Multiple studies suggest the use of total body weight based dosing for @entity1215 . Less data are available for @entity5585 and @entity3110 , but both appear to be candidates for total body weight based dosing. The study evaluating @entity5553 concluded that no adjustment is required. However, the larger variability in @entity28 @entity1 is concerning as to whether "one size fits all" dosing is optimal for @entity5553 . The vast majority of the @entity3109 's pharmacokinetic variability is due to @entity6867 *4 status. However, more extensive analysis of slow and fast metabolizers is needed to determine the effect of weight within each subgroup. @entity3477 does not appear to be affected by weight, but doses of at least 800 mg are likely needed to optimize its pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target attainment. Future pharmacokinetic evaluations should focus on recruiting a wide range of @entity1 weights. These analyses should take advantage of the full weight distribution instead of arbitrarily dichotomizing @entity1 into @entity28 vs. @entity28 @entity1 . A subsequent evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of optimized dosing regimens is needed.

title: Evolving Larger: Dosing @entity378 ( XXXX ) Drugs in an Obese World.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity3110 :: ('MESH:D004977', 'Chemical') :: ['ethambutol']

entities_list: @entity5585 :: ('MESH:D011718', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrazinamide']

entities_list: @entity3477 :: ('MESH:C104727', 'Chemical') :: ['Moxifloxacin']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'non-obese']

entities_list: @entity5553 :: ('D064704', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity3109 :: ('MESH:D007538', 'Chemical') :: ['isoniazid']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampin']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['TB']


abstract: SETTING: Tarai districts, eastern Nepal. OBJECTIVES: To identify potential methods of increasing adherence to @entity378 ( @entity378 ) treatment by determining factors that @entity1 felt influenced adherence. METHODS: New @entity1907 @entity1 registered from July to November 1998 with an outcome of non-adherence to treatment (NA) were identified from District @entity378 Registers, traced and interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. An equivalent number of adherent (A) @entity1 were interviewed. RESULTS: Of 81 NA @entity1 traced, 30 were interviewed, 16 had been incorrectly classified, age was incorrectly recorded in four, 13 had migrated and 18 were not found. The groups were similar in demographics, type and knowledge of @entity378 . More A @entity1 knew their diagnosis (P = 0.07) and reported haemoptysis as an initial symptom (P = 0.03). NA @entity1 had longer travel to a health facility (P < 0.001), and fewer had been informed by health care workers (HCW) about the consequences of not completing treatment. The most common reasons given for stopping treatment were side-effects, HCWs' mistakes or behaviour, and health service failure. Desire for cure and knowledge that @entity378 was curable were most the important reasons for completing treatment. CONCLUSION: Non-adherence seemed related to treatment delivery failures. The health system needs strengthening in Nepal. Intensified HCW training and supervision, better health education for @entity1 and families, more flexibility for treatment supervisors, adequate supplies for treatment centres and decentralisation of treatment delivery to the lowest health service level practicable are urgently needed.

title: Non-adherence to XXXX treatment in the eastern Tarai of Nepal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary TB']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In various studies it has been shown that @entity28 enhances the risk for a unfavorable pathological @entity5 stages, higher Gleason scores (GS), positive surgical margins (PSM), and certain perioperative parameters (higher @entity190 , higher length of surgery, higher complication rates) after radical prostatectomy. However, for robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) there are only a few studies addressing this topic with partially conflicting results. Furthermore, none of these studies actually represents the clinical practice pattern as performed in a European centre. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Beside further clinical and histopathological parameters, also body mass index (BMI) of @entity1 undergoing RARP was recorded. The following categories were registered: BMI of <   25   kg/m  , >=    25-29.9   kg/m  , and >=    30   kg/m   defined as normal weight, overweight, and @entity28 , respectively. The potential correlation between BMI on the one hand and various criteria of aggressive @entity5 biology and specific perioperative parameters on the other hand has been examined on univariate and multivariable analyses. RESULTS: 22.8% (n=79), 59% (n=204), and 18.2% (n=63) of @entity1 of the study group presented with normal weight, overweight, and @entity28 , respectively. Based on the results of various multivariable regression models there was no significant influence of @entity28 on pathological @entity5 stage, pN category, undifferentiated @entity5 growth (>=    GS7b), upgrading, or PSM rates. Furthermore, @entity28 @entity1 showed a significantly higher intraoperative @entity190 and a higher length of surgery, which, however, did not result in a higher rate of grade 3a/b complications according to Clavien-Dindo classification after 90 days. CONCLUSIONS: In the present series of consecutive @entity1 undergoing RARP there was no evidence for a @entity5 biology or a higher complication rate in @entity28 @entity1 .

title: [Influence of Body Mass Index on Histopathological and Intraoperative Criteria in a Consecutive Series of XXXX after Robotic-assisted Radical Prostatectomy].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['more aggressive tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A progressive reduction in the speed and amplitude of repetitive action is an essential component of @entity2845 , which is called @entity24882 ( @entity24882 ). Because @entity24882 is specific to @entity191 ( @entity191 ) and is suggested to be associated with @entity1167 , its features are of great interest. The aim of this study was, for the first time, to find the neural correlates of @entity24882 and to demonstrate whether dopaminergic deficit is correlated with @entity24882 . METHODS: We enrolled 12 @entity1 with de novo @entity191 at a tertiary referral hospital. Correlations between @entity24882 severity and alterations in gray and white matter were studied. The association between severity of the @entity51 was also analyzed. RESULTS: There was a significant negative correlation between the volumetric changes in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the inferior semilunar lobule of the cerebellum and the degree of @entity24882 . There was a significant correlation between the long association fibers (the superior @entity1315 ) connecting the frontal lobes to the temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes and @entity24882 . There was a significant negative correlation between @entity24882 in the more affected hand and the caudate @entity935 transporter binding in the more affected hemisphere. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the ACC and the cerebellum (inferior semilunar lobule) are associated with the severity of @entity24882 . Taken together with DTI findings, the present study proposes that ACC may have an important role. Our data show that the caudate dopaminergic activity may be related to @entity24882 .

title: Neural correlates of progressive reduction of XXXX in de novo @entity191 .

entities_list: @entity24882 :: ('MESH:D065606', 'Disease') :: ['SE', 'sequence effect']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['bradykinesia']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['SE and striatal dopaminergic deficits']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal fasciculus, the uncinate fasciculus, and the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['motor arrest']

answer: @entity2845 :: (MESH:D018476,Disease) :: ['bradykinesia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Experiences of @entity4783 - @entity1510 (BNX) sublingual film injection are not well documented or understood. We examined how @entity1 who inject BNX film seek and share information about this practice, document the methods used to prepare BNX film for injection, and report @entity1 ' experiences of this practice. DESIGN AND METHODS: Interviews were (n   =   16) conducted with @entity1 who indicated that they had injected BNX film since its introduction onto the Australian market. Semistructured interviews were recorded and transcribed. NVivo10 program (QSR International) was used to analyse the data using qualitative description methodology. RESULTS: @entity1 largely reported similar BNX film preparation techniques, although the texture of BNX film during preparation to inject was reported to be unusual (gluggy), and there were many varied accounts associated with the amount of water used. Physical harms reported as associated with injecting BNX film were described (including local and systemic issues); @entity1 reported injecting the film to enhance its immediate effects, yet generally reported that sublingual administration provided longer-lasting effects. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Understanding knowledge acquisition about injecting new formulations of opioid substitution therapy is crucial in developing more effective harm-reduction strategies. Dissemination by peer networks to those who are currently or planning to inject BNX film regarding the 'gelatine like' texture when mixing, using only cold water and double filtering is important to ensure safer injecting practices. Findings from this study highlight the importance of peer networks for the dissemination of harm-reduction information. Introduction of new formulations internationally requires more qualitative studies to inform safer practices. [White N, Flaherty I, Higgs P, Larance B, Nielsen S, Degenhardt L, Ali R, Lintzeris N. Injecting @entity4783 - @entity1510 film: Findings from an explorative qualitative study. Drug @entity285 Rev 2015].

title: Injecting XXXX - @entity1510 film: Findings from an explorative qualitative study.

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity4783 :: ('MESH:D002047', 'Chemical') :: ['buprenorphine']

answer: @entity4783 :: (MESH:D002047,Chemical) :: ['buprenorphine']


abstract: Runt-homologous molecules are characterized by their DNA binding runt-domain which is highly conserved within bilaterians. The three @entity1 runt-genes are master regulators in cartilage/bone formation and @entity1210 . Historically these features evolved in Craniota and might have been promoted by runt-gene duplication events. The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate how many runt-genes exist in the stem species of chordates, by analyzing the number of runt-genes in what is likely to be the closest living relative of Craniota- @entity23251 . To acquire further insight into the possible role of runt-genes in early chordate evolution we have determined the number of runt-genes in sea urchins and have analyzed the runt-expression pattern in this species. Our findings demonstrate the presence of a single runt-gene in @entity23251 and sea urchin, which makes it highly likely that the stem species of chordates harbored only a single runt-gene. This suggests that runt-gene duplications occurred later in chordate phylogeny, and are possibly also associated with the evolution of features such as @entity1210 , cartilage and bone development. In sea urchin embryos runt-expression involves cells of endodermal, mesodermal and ectodermal origin. This complex pattern of expression might reflect the multiple roles played by runt-genes in mammals. A strong runt-signal in the gastrointestinal tract of the sea urchin is in line with runt-expression in the intestine of @entity2199 and in the @entity19 gastrointestinal tract, and seems to be one of the phylogenetically ancient runt-expression domains.

title: A single XXXX and sea urchin runt-gene suggests that runt-gene duplications occurred in early chordate evolution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoiesis']

answer: @entity23251 :: (7740,Species) :: ['amphioxus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to determine whether cardiac pacing reduces @entity998 in older adults with @entity56 (CSH). BACKGROUND: @entity50 causes @entity1163 , and symptoms respond to cardiac pacing. There is circumstantial evidence for an association between @entity998 and the syndrome. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was done of consecutive older @entity1 (>50 years) attending an accident and emergency facility because of a non-accidental fall. @entity1 were randomized to dual-chamber pacemaker implant (paced @entity1 ) or standard treatment (controls). The primary outcome was the number of @entity998 during one year of follow-up. RESULTS: One hundred seventy-five eligible @entity1 (mean age 73 +/- 10 years; 60% @entity1 ) were randomized to the trial: pacemaker 87; controls 88. Falls (without @entity909 ) were reduced by two-thirds: controls reported 669 @entity998 (mean 9.3; range 0 to 89), and paced @entity1 216 @entity998 (mean 4.1; range 0 to 29). Thus, paced @entity1 were significantly less likely to fall (odds ratio 0.42; 95% confidence interval: 0.23, 0.75) than were controls. @entity1163 were also reduced during the follow-up period, but there were much fewer @entity1163 than @entity998 -28 episodes in paced @entity1 and 47 in controls. Injurious events were reduced by 70% (202 in controls compared to 61 in paced @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS: There is a strong association between non-accidental @entity998 and cardioinhibitory CSH. These @entity1 would not usually be referred for cardiovascular assessment. Carotid sinus @entity56 should be considered in all older adults who have non-accidental @entity998 .

title: XXXX : a modifiable risk factor for nonaccidental @entity998 in older adults (SAFE PACE).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncope', 'Syncopal events', 'syncopal events']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['cardioinhibitory carotid sinus hypersensitivity', 'hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['Cardioinhibitory carotid sinus syndrome']

answer: @entity50 :: (MESH:D012851,Disease) :: ['Carotid sinus syndrome']


abstract: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may contribute to the malignant process and may show clinicopathological importance as prognostic markers. The multidrug resistance gene @entity1262 encodes a membrane transporter which confers cytostatic drug resistance in @entity5 and protects normal tissues from xenobiotics. We analyzed the @entity7658 SNP in the @entity1262 gene which is associated with altered cellular drug uptake in matched @entity5 and normal tissues of 45 @entity1 suffering from @entity14 . We have developed a highly sensitive matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF- @entity15 ) method to survey the @entity7658 polymorphism in PCR-amplified fragments of the @entity1262 gene. Thirteen @entity1 were homozygous for C/C (29%), 15 were heterozygous (33%) and 17 were homozygous for @entity1619 (38%). None of the @entity5 samples showed an altered SNP compared to their matched normal tissue samples. As analyzed by the Kruskall-Wallis test, none of the clinicopathological parameters was significantly associated with homo- or heterozygosity. The combination of PCR, allele-specific primer extension reactions and MALDI-TOF- @entity15 offers a promising alternative method for genotyping the @entity1262 gene especially for heterozygous situations. The inherent advantages of MALDI-TOF- @entity15 based genotyping include its high molecular resolution, high signal-to-noise-ratios and reproducibility, combined with an excellent sensitivity. As none of the @entity5 samples showed an altered state compared to their matched normal tissue samples, the genotypic frequency of this polymorphism seems not to be altered during colorectal tumorigenesis.

title: @entity1262 single nucleotide polymorphism @entity7658 in normal colorectal tissue and XXXX detected by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The onset of clinical @entity644 in @entity1 with @entity2316 usually marks the existence of irreversible and progressive @entity8 . Prevention of @entity177 ought to take place in earlier stages, mostly in the outpatient setting and in close collaboration with general practitioners (GPs). This study aims to evaluate the prevalence and the clinical stage of @entity2316 and to screen for progression factors in the regional community referred to the outpatient department of the nephrology unit of the Mons. DiMiccoli Hospital in Barletta; it is intended as the first phase of a collaborative project for the prevention of @entity2316 . METHODS: Our team asked for the collaboration of GPs within the geographic area referring to our outpatient department. This led to the institution of a working group aimed at interrelating primary with hospital care in the setting of nephrology. The clinical data of @entity6 @entity1 as well as their codified personal data were classified by GPs and subsequently processed by the nephrology team. The glomerular filtration rate was estimated by means of the abbreviated MDRD study equation. Finally, the cumulative prevalence of known risk factors for @entity2316 progression was assessed in a subgroup of 201 @entity6 @entity1 . RESULTS: Within the whole group of screened subjects from the regional community (21,314), the prevalence of @entity6 was 3.54%, and the rates of personal and clinical features did not show any substantial differences from the ones recorded in Italy as a whole. In the subgroup of 201 @entity6 @entity1 , the cumulative frequency of progression factors for @entity2316 showed a relevant percentage of subjects with clinical and laboratory features deviating from the targets proposed by current guidelines, thus justifying the adoption of specific prevention plans. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows the feasibility and the advantages of setting up a stable collaboration between hospital and primary care in order to improve the diagnosis and prevention of @entity8 . Identification of the most frequently deviant progression factors provides the primary target for the prevention of @entity8 in @entity6 @entity1 .

title: [Hospital-primary care teamwork in nephrology: 'preventive' epidemiology of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney damage', 'kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2014 ( @entity2014 ) is a rare clinical syndrome caused by an enlarging, aggressive corticotroph pituitary @entity652 that can occur following bilateral adrenalectomy performed in the treatment of refractory @entity699 ( @entity699 ). @entity5 respond poorly to currently available therapeutic options, which include surgery, radiotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and chemotherapy. They are a challenging problem in neurosurgical practice. The aim of this work was to evaluate the early and long-term results of microsurgery in a single surgeon's series of @entity1 with @entity2014 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: During the period from January 2000 to December 2005, 10 @entity1 with @entity2014 underwent surgery. The authors analysed surgical outcomes in the @entity2014 group of seven @entity1 and three @entity1 with the mean age of 47.99 years (range 39-66, SD    8.47 years). @entity2014 was diagnosed based on clinical signs and symptoms, especially @entity2117 of the skin, elevated serum @entity4545 levels, and @entity5 growth. Parasellar extension of the @entity652 was assessed in both groups according to Knosp's and @entity2360 . Pituitary function and radiographs were evaluated in the early postoperative period, 30 days after the operation, and during follow-up. Histological examination was based on the WHO (2004) criteria. RESULTS: According to the criteria for @entity2014 remission, five @entity1 (50%) were cured. No perioperative mortality was reported. Three @entity1 developed @entity4614 and two @entity1 developed @entity2010 . There was one case of postoperative @entity5173 . One @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity977 . CONCLUSIONS: Transsphenoidal microsurgical removal of @entity977 is a safe and effective treatment of @entity2014 . (Endokrynol Pol 2015; 66 (6): 504-513).

title: Outcomes in pituitary surgery in XXXX - therapeutic pitfalls.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patient', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Such tumours', 'pituitary tumour']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease", 'CD']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal fluid leakage']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2360 :: ('MESH:D006527', 'Disease') :: ['Hardy-Wilson classifications']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas', 'pituitary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity2014 :: ('MESH:D009347', 'Disease') :: ['NS', "Nelson's syndrome", "Nelson' syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity2014 :: (MESH:D009347,Disease) :: ['Nelson's syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A pharmacoinvasive (PI) strategy for early presenting ST-segment elevation @entity583 nominally reduced 30-day @entity1455 and @entity712 compared with @entity301 ( @entity301 ). We evaluated whether @entity1188 size (IS) was related to this finding. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using the peak cardiac biomarker in @entity1 randomized to PI versus @entity301 within the Strategic Reperfusion Early After @entity583 (STREAM) trial, IS was divided into 3 groups: small ( <=2 times the upper limit normal [ULN]), medium (>2 to  <=5 times the upper limit normal) and large (>5 times the upper limit normal). The association between IS and 30-day shock and @entity712 was subsequently examined. Data on 1701 of 1892 (89.9%) @entity1 randomized to PI (n=853, 50.1%) versus @entity301 (n=848, 49.9%) within STREAM were evaluated. A higher proportion of @entity301 @entity1 had a large IS (PI versus @entity301 : small, 49.8% versus 50.2%; medium, 56.9% versus 43.1%; large, 48.4% versus 51.6%; P=0.035), despite comparable intergroup ischemic times for each reperfusion strategy. As IS increased, a parallel @entity1457 and @entity712 occurred in both treatment arms, except for the small IS group. The difference in shock and @entity712 in the small IS group (4.4% versus 11.6%, P=0.026) in favor of PI likely relates to higher rates of @entity583 with the PI strategy (72.7% versus 54.3%, P=0.005). After adjustment, a trend favoring PI persisted in this subgroup (relative risk 0.40, 95% CI 0.15 to 1.06, P=0.064); no difference in treatment-related outcomes was evident in the other 2 groups. CONCLUSION: A PI strategy appears to alter the pattern of IS after ST-segment elevation @entity583 , resulting in more medium and fewer large @entity1188 compared with @entity301 . Despite a comparable number of small @entity1188 , PI @entity1 in this group had more aborted @entity583 and less 30-day shock and @entity712 . CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://ClinicalTrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00623623.

title: XXXX Size, Shock, and @entity712 : Does Reperfusion Strategy Matter in Early Presenting @entity1 With ST-Segment Elevation @entity583 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['primary percutaneous coronary intervention', 'PPCI']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['increment in shock']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarcts']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarctions', 'myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'aborted myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['Infarct']


abstract: We evaluated the prevalence of @entity340 in @entity1 who have taken anorectic medications. Two-dimensional echocardiograms with color flow Doppler were recorded in 200 consecutive @entity1 referred to a major metropolitan hospital for evaluation of cardiac function because of a history of anorectic medication use. Each @entity1 filled out a questionnaire at the time of the visit or through telephone contact. Each echocardiogram was reviewed by 2 observers. The degree of @entity340 was graded by a consensus of both observers. Significant @entity340 was defined as at least moderate @entity339 ( @entity339 ) or at least mild @entity337 ( @entity337 ), as recommended by the Food and Drug Administration and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. For all @entity1 having taken anorectic drugs, there was a 5% prevalence of at least moderate @entity339 , a 12% prevalence of at least mild @entity337 , and a 16% prevalence of significant @entity339 and/or @entity337 . @entity1 with significant @entity337 and/or @entity339 were older than those without significant @entity340 (49+/-12 vs 44+/-11 years, p = 0.03). @entity1 with significant @entity339 and/or @entity337 had a longer exposure duration (8 vs 6 months, p = 0.049) to anorectic drugs. There was no difference in weight loss between those with and without significant regurgitation (p = NS). The 2 largest subgroups were @entity1 who took the @entity4899 - @entity21938 combination (n = 127) and those who took @entity12839 alone (n = 42). The prevalence of significant @entity339 and @entity337 was 5% and 9% for the @entity4899 - @entity21938 group and 0% and 14% for the @entity12839 group, respectively. There was also a high subthreshold level of @entity339 and @entity337 in these @entity1 .

title: Echocardiographic prevalence of mitral and/or @entity337 in XXXX exposed to either @entity4899 - @entity21938 combination or to @entity12839 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4899 :: ('MESH:D005277', 'Chemical') :: ['fenfluramine']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['MR', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity21938 :: ('MESH:D010645', 'Chemical') :: ['phentermine']

entities_list: @entity12839 :: ('MESH:D020372', 'Chemical') :: ['dexfenfluramine']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular regurgitation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Low @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ) @entity1373 ( @entity1373 ) in vein grafts and stents. We studied the causal relationship between @entity1642 and @entity1373 formation in stents by locally increasing @entity1642 with a flow divider (Anti-Restenotic Diffuser, Endoart SA) placed in the center of the stent. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 9 @entity95 fed a high- @entity165 diet for 2 months to induce @entity409 , 18 stents were implanted in the right and left external iliac arteries (1 stent per vessel). Lumen diameters were measured by quantitative angiography before and after implantation and at 4-week follow-up, at which time, macrophage accumulation and interruption of the internal elastic lamina was determined. Cross sections of stent segments within the @entity4889 ( @entity4889 ), outside the @entity4889 (S[minus] @entity4889 ), and in corresponding segments of the contralateral control stent (SCTRL) were analyzed. Changes in @entity1642 induced by the @entity4889 placement were derived by computational fluid dynamics. Computational fluid dynamics analysis demonstrated that @entity1642 increased from 0.38 to 0.82 N/m2 in the @entity4889 immediately after @entity4889 placement. This augmentation of shear stress was accompanied by (1) lower mean late luminal loss by quantitative angiography ([minus]0.23+/-0.22 versus [minus]0.58+/-0.30 mm, P=0.02), (2) reduction in @entity1373 (1.48+/-0.58, 2.46+/-1.25, and 2.36+/-1.13 mm2, P<0.01, respectively, for @entity4889 , S[minus] @entity4889 , and SCTRL), and (3) a reduced @entity32 score and a @entity131 score. Increments in shear stress did not change the relationship between injury score and @entity1373 or between @entity32 score and @entity1373 . CONCLUSIONS: The newly developed @entity4889 flow divider significantly increases @entity1642 , and this local increment in @entity1642 is accompanied by a local reduction in @entity1373 and a local reduction in @entity32 and injury. The present study is therefore the first to provide direct evidence for an important modulating role of shear stress in in-stent @entity1373 .

title: Augmentation of XXXX inhibits @entity1373 after stent implantation: inhibition through @entity32 ?

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['reduced injury']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['NH', 'increases neointimal hyperplasia', 'neointimal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['WSS', 'wall shear stress']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1642 :: (MESH:D015775,Disease) :: ['wall shear stress']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The immediate initiation and high quality of @entity402 ( @entity402 ) are pivotal to improving @entity1 outcome after @entity1167 . Although cardiorespiratory monitoring could shorten the time to recognize the onset of @entity1167 , little is known about how monitoring and the misinterpretation of monitor readings could impair the initiation of @entity402 . In this study, we assessed the speed of initiation and quality of @entity402 in simulated monitored and nonmonitored pediatric @entity1167 . METHODS: Sixty residents frequently involved in the care of critically ill @entity1 were randomly assigned to either the intervention (monitoring) group or the control (nonmonitoring) group. @entity1 of both groups performed @entity402 in 1 of 2 clinically identical, unwitnessed simulated @entity1167 scenarios. Although in 1 scenario cardiorespiratory monitoring (i.e., electrocardiogram) was attached, the other scenario reflected a nonmonitored @entity1167 . Time to first chest compression was chosen as the primary outcome variable. Adherence to resuscitation guidelines and subjective performance ratings were secondary outcome variables. RESULTS: @entity1 in the monitoring group initiated chest compressions significantly later than those in the nonmonitoring group (91    36 vs 71  26 seconds, hazard ratio, 0.26; 95% confidence interval, 0.14-0.49, P < 0.001). Six members of the monitoring group did not start chest compression within 5 minutes. Furthermore, adherence to the guidelines was better in the nonmonitoring group. @entity1 who were previously involved in @entity402 training did not show better performance. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of cardiorespiratory monitoring significantly delayed or even prevented the initiation of chest compressions and impaired the quality of @entity402 in simulated pediatric @entity1167 . Based on these data, specific training should be conducted for exposed personnel.

title: The Impact of Monitoring on the Initiation of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in XXXX : Friend or Foe?

entities_list: @entity402 :: ('MESH:C564133', 'Disease') :: ['BLS', 'basic life support']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Drugs activating the sigma-1 (  1) chaperone protein are anti- @entity2730 and neuroprotective in neurodegenerative pathologies like @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Since these so-called   1 receptor (  1R) agonists modulate cholinergic and glutamatergic systems in a variety of physiological responses, we addressed their putative additive/synergistic action in combination with cholinergic or glutamatergic drugs. The selective   1 agonist @entity27180 , or the non-selective   1 drug @entity68303 was combined with the @entity4360 inhibitor @entity8124 or the @entity3391 receptor antagonist @entity3393 in the nontransgenic @entity19 model of @entity195 -like @entity2414 induced by intracerebroventricular injection of oligomeric Ab25-35 peptide. Two behavioral tests, spontaneous alternation and passive avoidance response, were used in parallel and both protective and symptomatic effects were examined. After determination of the minimally active doses for each compound, the combinations were tested and the combination index (CI) calculated. Combinations between the   1 agonists and @entity8124 showed a synergic protective effect, with CI<1, whereas the combinations with @entity3393 showed an antagonist effect, with CI>1. Symptomatic effects appeared only additive for all combinations, with CI=1. A pharmacological analysis of the @entity27180 + @entity8124 combination revealed that the synergy could be due to an inter-related mechanism involving a7 nicotinic ACh receptors and   1R. These results demonstrated that   1 drugs do not only offer a protective potential alone but also in combination with other therapeutic agents. The nature of neuromodulatory molecular chaperone of the   1R could eventually lead to synergistic combinations.

title: Protection by sigma-1 receptor agonists is synergic with XXXX , but not with @entity3393 , in a @entity19 model of amyloid-induced @entity2414 .

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairments']

entities_list: @entity3393 :: ('MESH:D008559', 'Chemical') :: ['memantine']

entities_list: @entity4360 :: ('11423(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['acetylcholinesterase']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity8124 :: ('MESH:C076946', 'Chemical') :: ['donepezil']

answer: @entity8124 :: (MESH:C076946,Chemical) :: ['donepezil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many regimens of @entity136 - @entity900 chemotherapy have proven activity in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). However, the optimal dose and schedule still have to be established. @entity1 AND METHODS: We conducted a phase II study with administration of @entity900 50 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 and @entity136 800 mg/m(2) on days 2, 9 and 15. This schedule was selected to optimise the synergism between the two drugs and reduce @entity137 due to high dose @entity900 . RESULTS: Thirty-six chemo-naive @entity1 with stage IIIA, IIIB or IV @entity1149 entered the study (26 @entity1 , 10 @entity1 ; median age 58 years, range 29-74). Twenty @entity1 achieved a partial response: 7 out of 10 stage IIIA @entity1 , 7 out of 13 stage IIIB @entity1 and 6 out of 13 stage IV @entity1 . On intent-to-treat basis, the overall response rate (RR) was 58% (95% confidence interval, 42-74%). Ninety percent of stage IIIA @entity1 and 46% of stage IIIB @entity1 received adjuvant surgery or radiotherapy. Overall median duration of response was 28 weeks (range 6-147 weeks). For stage IIIA, IIIB and IV @entity1 , these numbers were 91, 13 and 23 weeks, respectively. One-year survival was 49% with 90%, 23% and 42% for stage IIIA, IIIB and IV @entity1 , respectively. The main @entity137 was myelosuppression. WHO grades 3 and 4 @entity1431 occurred in 67% of @entity1 , whereas 61% experienced grade 3 or 4 @entity882 . Although hematological @entity137 was clinically tolerable, it frequently led to omission of @entity136 administration on day 15. The incidence of @entity1503 was very low. CONCLUSION: This regimen of @entity900 on days 1 and 8 and @entity136 on days 2, 9 and 15 induced a high RR in @entity1 with advanced NCSLC. Frequent omission of @entity136 day 15 is a limitation of this schedule. This should be an important factor in a practical approach to decide on the most optimal schedule of the @entity900 plus @entity136 combination.

title: Combination of XXXX and @entity900 for advanced @entity1149 : a phase II study with emphasis on scheduling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['non-hematological toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Immunotherapies targeting cellular immunity are currently approved for treatment of @entity320 , @entity1358 , and @entity263 . Studies on the immunogenicity and immune responsiveness of @entity5 are limited, therefore, it remains unclear to what extent T-cell-based immunotherapy holds promise for pediatric @entity5 . PROCEDURE: A new @entity980 cell line (M3-9-M) was derived from an @entity2875 ( @entity2875 ) occurring in a C57BL/6 @entity19 transgenic for hepatocyte growth factor and heterozygous for mutated @entity899 . @entity5 and @entity3 derived from M3-9-M were studied for similarities to @entity1 @entity2875 , and for immunogenicity and immune responsiveness. RESULTS: Primary and @entity3 develop after orthotopic injection of M3-9-M into immunocompetent C57BL/6 @entity19 , which mirror @entity1 @entity2875 with regard to histology, gene expression, and metastatic behavior. Whole cell vaccination using irradiated M3-9-M cells or M3-9-M-pulsed dendritic cells (DC)-induced @entity5 -specific T-cell responses that prevent @entity5 growth following low-dose @entity5 injection, and slow @entity5 growth following higher doses. Administration of anti- @entity3783 moAbs to deplete @entity1961 (+) @entity3783 (+)FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells prior to @entity5 vaccination enhanced the potency of the @entity5 vaccine. Adoptive immunotherapy with M3-9-M primed T cells plus DC-based vaccination resulted in complete eradication of day 10 M3-9-M derived @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: M3-9-M derived @entity19 @entity2875 is immunogenic and immunoresponsive; regulatory T cells contribute to immune evasion by @entity19 @entity980 . Adoptive immunotherapy with DC vaccination can eradicate low @entity5 burdens. Future work will seek to identify the @entity5 -associated antigens that mediate protective and therapeutic immunity in this model.

title: XXXX @entity980 is immunogenic and responsive to T-cell-based immunotherapy.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['ERMS tumor', 'tumor', 'pediatric tumors', 'Primary tumors', 'tumors', 'solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2875 :: ('MESH:D018233', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma', 'ERMS']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Murine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity620 is a potent antioxidant and is involved in many metabolic activities including collagen biosynthesis. In the present investigation, @entity620 and lipid @entity2627 were monitored in the blood and liver samples during the progression of experimentally induced @entity1575 . METHODS: @entity99 was induced by intraperitoneal injections of @entity1232 ( @entity1233 ) on three consecutive days of every week over a period of 21 days. The progression of @entity82 was assessed by histopathological examination and by monitoring of the collagen content of the liver tissue. @entity620 and lipid @entity2627 were monitored in both blood and liver samples on days 0, 7, 14, and 21 after the start of @entity1233 administration. The liver total protein was also measured during the investigation. RESULTS: Histopathological examination demonstrated @entity39 , @entity82 , and early @entity82 during @entity1233 treatment. The collagen content increased four-fold on the 21st day of investigation. Lipid @entity2627 were elevated significantly in both blood and liver specimens on days 7, 14, and 21. A drastic decrease was observed in the @entity620 concentrations in both liver and blood samples on all days after the start of @entity1233 administration. Liver total protein concentrations were significantly reduced during @entity1233 administration. CONCLUSIONS: The exact mechanism of the decrease of @entity620 during @entity1233 -induced @entity1575 is not clear. The most probable reason for the decreased blood and liver @entity620 during @entity1233 -induced @entity1575 is the increased utilization of @entity620 for free radical scavenging in order to reduce the highly elevated oxidative stress.

title: @entity620 concentrations in XXXX -induced @entity1575 in rats.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity2627 :: ('MESH:D010545', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxides']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['centrilobular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['Ascorbic acid', 'ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1232 :: ('MESH:D004128', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylnitrosamine']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Liver injury']

answer: @entity1232 :: (MESH:D004128,Chemical) :: ['dimethylnitrosamine']


abstract: @entity4338 cotransporters (KCCs) play a fundamental role in epithelial cell function, both in the context of ionic homeostasis and also in cell morphology, cell division and locomotion. Unlike other ubiquitously expressed KCC isoforms, expression of @entity60000 is widely considered to be restricted to neurons, where it is responsible for maintaining a low intracellular @entity2865 concentration to drive hyperpolarising postsynaptic responses to the inhibitory neurotransmitters @entity1246 and @entity2228 . Here we report a novel finding that @entity60000 is widely expressed in several @entity1 @entity5 cell lines including the @entity5 cell line (SiHa). Membrane biotinylation assays and immunostaining showed that endogenous @entity60000 is located on the cell membrane of @entity1 cells. To elucidate the role of @entity60000 in cervical tumuorigenesis, @entity1 cells with stable overexpression or knockdown of @entity60000 were employed. Overexpression of @entity60000 had no significant effect on cell proliferation but dramatically suppressed cell spreading and stress fibre organization, while knockdown of @entity60000 showed opposite effects. In addition, @entity442 ( @entity442 )-induced cell migration and invasiveness were significantly increased by overexpression of @entity60000 . @entity60000 -induced cell migration and invasion were not dependent on @entity60000 transport function since overexpression of an activity-deficient mutant @entity60000 still increased @entity442 -induced cell migration and invasion. Moreover, overexpression of @entity60000 significantly diminished the number of focal adhesions, while knockdown of @entity60000 increased their number. Taken together, our data establish that @entity60000 expression and function are not restricted to neurons and that @entity60000 serves to increase cervical tumourigenesis via an ion transport-independent mechanism.

title: The potassium- XXXX cotransporter 2 promotes @entity5 cell migration and invasion by an ion transport-independent mechanism.

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor 1', 'IGF-1']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

answer: @entity2865 :: (CHEBI:17996,Chemical) :: ['chloride']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intraoperative pleural and interstitial PDT accompanying resection may reduce peripheral micrometastatic foci and preclude lobectomy when applied to hilar lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen beagles were used to determine the safety and histologic changes resulting from PDT. Photosensitizers HPPH (0.3 mg/kg) or @entity17654 (2.0 mg/kg) were administered i.v. 48 hours prior to thoracotomy and light delivery. At thoracotomy interstitial or pleural light was given. They underwent necropsy at eight and 30 days. RESULTS: The significant toxicitities occurred with @entity456 using high dose HPPH (15 _ 30 J/cm2) including pyrexia, elevated WBC and @entity9153 , and @entity649 . However, using single beam pleural surface treatment all light doses for HPPH and @entity17654 (5-40 J/cm2) were tolerated with depths of treatment effect up to 10 mm with HPPH. CONCLUSION: Histologic and clinical changes associated with interstitial and @entity456 were acceptable after dosimetry was adjusted. PDT holds promise as an adjuvant treatment for @entity242 pulmonary metastases.

title: Photodynamic therapy for XXXX pulmonary metastases: a preclinical toxicity study.

entities_list: @entity17654 :: ('MESH:D017323', 'Chemical') :: ['Photofrin']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural PDT']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ), @entity73 ( @entity73 ) is associated with poorer treatment adherence and higher readmission and mortality rates. Previous studies suggest that @entity955 ( @entity955 ) could impair cognitive function. This study sought to assess the association between permanent @entity955 (permAF) and @entity73 in @entity1 with @entity712 . We evaluated cognitive function in 881 @entity1 with stable @entity712 (73    11  years, 44% @entity1 , 48% with preserved ejection fraction) using the Mini-Mental State Examination test (n  = 876) and the Pfeiffer's Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (n  = 848). @entity73 was defined as a Mini-Mental State Examination score <24 or Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (errors) >2. The independent association between permAF and @entity73 was assessed by binary logistic regression analysis. A total of 295 @entity1 (33.5%) had @entity73 , in 5.1% of cases moderate/severe. @entity1 with permAF had more frequently any degree of @entity73 (43% vs 31%), and moderate/severe @entity73 (8% vs 5%). In the multivariate analysis, @entity73 was associated with permAF (odds ratio 1.54, 95% C.I. 1.05 to 2.28), an older age, female gender, @entity6 , @entity740 , @entity64 , New York Heart Association class III/IV, and lower systolic blood pressure. No interaction was found for @entity955 and @entity73 between @entity1 with reduced and preserved ejection fraction. In conclusion, the presence of permAF is independently associated with @entity73 in @entity1 with @entity712 , both with reduced and preserved ejection fraction. Given the clinical impact of @entity73 in the @entity712 population, active assessment of cognitive function is particularly warranted in @entity1 with @entity712 with permAF.

title: Effect of Permanent @entity955 on Cognitive Function in @entity1 With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'chronic heart failure']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['previous stroke']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'CI']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Chronic Heart Failure']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity32 increases the risk of development of @entity1 @entity5 . @entity3623 is an enzyme dominantly expressed during inflammatory reactions and seems to play a critical role in tumorigenesis. Our aim was to assess the @entity3623 expression in four types of @entity1 @entity5 : breast, colorectal, nasopharyngeal, and @entity320 , of Tunisian @entity1 . The level of @entity3623 was measured by RT-QPCR in @entity5 specimens. We showed that the expression of @entity3623 was higher in breast compared to @entity14 , whereas in @entity320 , the level of @entity3623 expression was low. Significant associations were found when comparing the @entity3623 expression in @entity5 pairs such as @entity320 versus colorectal (p   <   0.0001), colorectal versus nasopharyngeal (p   =   0.0072), and @entity320 versus breast (p   <   0.0001). Furthermore, @entity3623 expression correlated with the Breslow thickness, Clark level, and histological subtype in @entity320 , while in @entity189 , significant association was seen with age at diagnosis, TNM, @entity3 , response to treatment, and expression of @entity2247 . Furthermore, the expression of @entity3623 correlated with @entity5 size, TNM, @entity5 location, and histological type in @entity14 , and with @entity5 size, @entity5 stage, SBR grade, and triple negative cases in @entity0 . On the other hand, immunohistochemistry analysis shows that the expression of @entity3623 is observed in the stroma and @entity5 cells as well. Overall, our results highlight that @entity3623 is a reliable marker for advanced stage and aggressive behavior for the four types of @entity5 and might be a potential promising therapeutic target.

title: Quantitative measurement of @entity3623 expression in @entity320 , nasopharyngeal, colorectal, and XXXX of Tunisian @entity1 : comparative study and clinical significance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal and nasopharyngeal tumors', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast tumors']


abstract: We present a 21 year-old @entity1 with @entity36367 ( @entity36367 ) suffering from @entity158 and frequent long bone @entity174 (approximately 1 or 2 @entity174 /year) who was treated with i.v. @entity5279 for 3 years. @entity36367 is a rare @entity74 characterized by severe widespread @entity170 leading to pathological @entity174 and @entity11103 . @entity79 ( @entity79 ) (g/cm2) was determined at lumbar spine and femur neck by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. @entity79 studies were also performed in her parents and 18 year-old brother who were phenotypically normal. Within 2 months of the first @entity5279 treatment the @entity1 reported considerable decrease in @entity158 and improved mobility. During the treatment period no important side effects and no recurrent @entity174 were reported. There were substantial increases in @entity79 , T score and z-score at both lumbar spine and femoral neck during therapy. Baseline lumbar spine @entity79 increased from 0.416 to 0.489 g/cm2 and femoral neck @entity79 increased from 0.455 to 0.532 g/cm2 after 3 years. Although her parents and brother did not have any history of @entity174 , @entity79 measurements revealed that her parents were @entity6092 and her brother was osteoporotic. We demonstrated that @entity5279 therapy seems to be safe and beneficial in both @entity1897 in @entity1 with @entity36367 . Moreover, the present study clearly indicates that bone density studies and LRPS gene screening for mutations should be performed in phenotypically normal family members of @entity1 with @entity36367 .

title: Effects of 3 years of intravenous @entity5279 treatment on bone markers and bone mineral density in a @entity1 with @entity36367 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5279 :: ('MESH:C019248', 'Chemical') :: ['pamidronate']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'bone fracture']

entities_list: @entity36367 :: ('MESH:C536063', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome', 'OPPG']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity11103 :: ('MESH:C536600', 'Disease') :: ['congenital or early onset blindness']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['spinal and peripheral skeleton osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive disorder']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone pain']

entities_list: @entity6092 :: ('MESH:C567172', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenic']

answer: @entity36367 :: (MESH:C536063,Disease) :: ['OPPG']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Numerous studies have reported an association between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and @entity1 health. Often these relationships are influenced by environmental factor that varies spatially and/or temporally. To our knowledge, there are no studies in Canada that have considered energy generation and fuel sales as PM2.5 effects modifiers. Determining exposure and disease-specific risk factors over space and time is crucial for disease prevention and control. In this study, we evaluated the association of PM2.5 with @entity6 , @entity565 , and @entity101 ( @entity101 ) incidence in Canada. Then we explored the impact of the energy generation and fuel sales on association changes. We fit an age-period-cohort as the study design, and we applied an over-dispersed Poisson regression model to estimate the risk. We conducted a sensitivity analysis to explore the impact of variation in clean energy rates and fuel sales on outcomes changes. The study included 117 health regions in Canada between 2007 and 2014. Our findings showed strong association of PM2.5 with @entity6 , @entity565 , and @entity101 incidence. A two-year increase of 10 g/m(3) in PM2.5 was associated with an increased risk of 5.34% (95% CI: 2.28%; 12.53%) in @entity6 incidence, 2.24% (95% CI: 0.93%; 5.38%) in @entity565 incidence, and 8.29% (95% CI: 3.44%; 19.98%) in @entity101 incidence. Our sensitivity analysis findings suggest higher risks of @entity6 , @entity565 and @entity101 incidence when there is low clean energy generation. On the other hand, we found lower risk when we considered high rate of clean energy generation. For example, considering only @entity6 incidence, we found that the risk in health regions with low rates of clean electricity is approximately 700% higher than the risk in health regions with high rates of clean electricity. Furthermore, our analysis suggested that the risk in regions with low fuel sales is 66% lower than the risk is health regions with low rates of clean electricity. Our study provides support for the creation of effective environmental health public policies that take into account the risk factors present in Canadians health regions.

title: Association of PM2.5 with XXXX , @entity565 , and high blood pressure incidence in Canada: A spatiotemporal analysis of the impacts of the energy generation and fuel sales.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['High Blood Pressure', 'HBP']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECT: Linear accelerator (LINAC)-based stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a treatment option for @entity1 with @entity320 in whom brain @entity3 have developed. Very limited data are available on treating @entity1 with >= 5 lesions. The authors sought to determine the effectiveness of SRS in @entity1 with >= 5 @entity320 brain @entity3 . METHODS: A retrospective analysis of @entity320 treated with SRS in a single treatment session for >= 5 lesions was performed. Magnetic resonance imaging studies were reviewed post-SRS to evaluate local control (LC). Disease progression on imaging was defined using the 2009 Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 (RECIST). Survival curves were calculated from the date of brain @entity3 diagnosis or the date of SRS by using the Kaplan-Meier (KM) method. Univariate and multivariate analysis (UVA and MVA, respectively) were performed using the Cox proportional-hazards model. RESULTS: The authors identified 149 metastatic @entity75 treated in 28 @entity1 . The median @entity1 age was 60.5 years (range 38-83 years), and the majority of @entity1 (24 [85.7%]) had extracranial @entity3 . Four @entity1 (14.3%) had received previous whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT), and 11 (39.3%) had undergone previous SRS. The median planning target volume ( @entity343 ) was 0.34 cm3 (range 0.01-12.5 cm3). Median follow-up was 6.3 months (range 1-46 months). At the time of treatment, 7% of @entity1 were categorized as recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) Class I, 89% as RPA Class II, and 4% as RPA Class III. The rate of local failure was 11.4%. Kaplan-Meier LC estimates at 6 and 12 months were 91.3% and 82.2%, respectively. A @entity343 volume>= 0.34 cm3 was a significant predictor of local failure on UVA (HR 16.1, 95% CI 3.2-292.6, p<0.0001) and MVA (HR 14.8, 95% CI 3.0-268.5, p=0.0002). Sixteen @entity1 (57.1%) were noted to have distant failure in the brain with a median time to failure of 3 months (range 1-15 months). Nine @entity1 with distant failures received WBRT, and 7 received additional SRS. Median overall survival (OS) was 9.4 and 7.6 months from the date of brain @entity3 diagnosis and the date of SRS, respectively. The KM OS estimates at 6 and 12 months were 57.8% and 28.2%, respectively, from the time of SRS treatment. The RPA class was a significant predictor of KM OS estimates from the date of treatment (p=0.02). @entity1 who did not receive WBRT after SRS treatment had decreased OS on MVA (HR 3.5, 95% CI 1.1-12.0, p=0.03), and @entity1 who did not receive WBRT prior to SRS had improved OS (HR 0.11, 95% CI 0.02-0.53, p=0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Stereotactic radiosurgery for >= 5 lesions appears to be effective for selected @entity1 with @entity320 , offering excellent LC. This is particularly important for @entity1 as new targeted systemic agents are improving outcomes but still have limited efficacy within the central nervous system.

title: Potential role for LINAC-based stereotactic radiosurgery for the treatment of 5 or more radioresistant @entity320 brain XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Solid Tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: CONTEXT: Immunohistochemical staining for @entity4166 ( @entity4166 ) is a useful ancillary technique for diagnosing @entity3557 ( @entity1377 ) in histologic specimens. Although similar results have been obtained on aspirate smears, to our knowledge the utility of @entity4166 immunolocalization in cell block preparations as an adjunct to fine-needle aspiration diagnosis of @entity1377 has not been examined. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether @entity4166 immunostaining of cell block preparations of thyroid aspirates is a useful ancillary technique for diagnosing @entity1377 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using a monoclonal antibody to @entity4166 and a standard avidin- @entity1885 complex technique, immunostaining was performed on paraffin-embedded cell blocks of 57 cases with the following cytologic diagnoses: (a) @entity1377 (20 cases); (b) atypical cytology, cannot exclude @entity1377 (19 cases); and (c) nonneoplastic thyroid (18 cases). The staining reaction in each case was graded on the basis of percentage of epithelial cells stained (1+, <10%; 2+, <10%-50%; 3+, >50). Tissue follow-up was available in all cases. RESULTS: Nineteen (95%) of 20 cases with an unequivocal diagnosis of @entity1377 were positive for @entity4166 (3+). Tissue follow-up confirmed @entity1377 in all 20 cases. Of the 19 cases with a diagnosis of atypical cytology, cannot exclude @entity1377 , 7 (37%) cases displayed 3+ immunostaining and subsequent excision confirmed @entity1377 in all 7 cases. The remaining 12 cases with 1+ immunostaining included surgically confirmed @entity5651 (6 cases), @entity652 (2 cases), @entity1669 (3 cases), and @entity1377 (1 case). The follicular cells in 18 cases with a cytologic diagnosis of nonneoplastic thyroid showed 1+ immunostaining. Histologic follow-up of these cases confirmed the nonneoplastic cytologic diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4166 immunostaining of cell block preparations of thyroid aspirates serves as a useful tool for the diagnosis of @entity1377 . Strong immunostaining (3+) for @entity4166 aids in accurate diagnosis of @entity5 in cytomorphologically equivocal cases of @entity1377 .

title: @entity4166 immunolocalization in cell block preparation of thyroid aspirates. An adjunct to fine-needle aspiration diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Circadian variation in @entity8 of @entity581 has been demonstrated in animal and @entity1 studies. @entity1 with @entity1577 are frequently prescribed @entity581 . Altered pharmacokinetics of @entity581 are predictive of @entity137 . AIM: To investigate whether the time of day of @entity5292 administration modulates renal excretion of @entity2890 and @entity137 in @entity1 with @entity1577 . To determine whether circadian rhythms are disrupted in @entity1 with @entity1577 during hospital admission. METHODS: @entity1 (age 5-18years) with @entity1577 scheduled for @entity2890 therapy were randomly allocated to receive @entity2890 at 0800 or 2000h. Serum @entity2890 levels were drawn at 1h and between 3.5 and 5h post-infusion between days 5 and 9 of therapy. @entity2493 levels were measured serially at intervals from 1800h in the evening until 1200h on the next day. Circadian rhythm was categorised as normal when dim light @entity2493 onset was demonstrated between 1800 and 2200h and/or peak @entity2493 levels were observed during the night. Weight and spirometry were measured at the start and end of the therapy. Urinary biomarkers of @entity8 ( @entity31309 , @entity11690 , @entity15901 , @entity8923 and CysC) were assayed at the start and end of the course of @entity2890 . RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 were recruited to the study. There were no differences in renal clearance between the morning and evening groups. The increase in urinary @entity31309 was greater in the evening dosage group compared to the morning group (mean difference, 0.73ng/mg; 95% CI, 0.14 to 1.32; p=0.018). There were no differences in the other urinary biomarkers. There was normal circadian rhythm in 7/11 @entity1 (64%). CONCLUSIONS: Renal elimination of @entity2890 was not affected by the time of day of administration. Urinary @entity31309 raises the possibility of greater nephrotoxicity with evening administration. Four @entity1 showed disturbed circadian rhythm and high @entity2493 levels (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01207245).

title: The pharmacokinetics and @entity137 of morning vs. evening XXXX dosing for pulmonary exacerbations of @entity1577 : A randomised comparison.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'human', 'Children', 'People']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity', 'kidney toxicity']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity5292 :: ('D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['Melatonin', 'melatonin']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

answer: @entity2890 :: (MESH:D014031,Chemical) :: ['tobramycin']


abstract: @entity9676 is a well-recognized complication of the Fontan procedure, occurring in up to 24% of @entity1 . Because of the loss of chylous fluid into the gut lumen, @entity6518 results as well as @entity2905 and hypogammaglobulinaemia. In some cases, dilated lymphatics in the intestinal serosa or mesentery also rupture, causing @entity3417 . Standard medical and cardiac surgical interventions are generally ineffective and the condition is frequently lethal. We report a case of intractable and life-threatening @entity3417 and chylothorax in a 14-year-old @entity1 , associated with @entity9676 and @entity6518 after a Fontan procedure for @entity1145 . The condition was refractory to all standard medical therapies, including dietary modifications, diuretics, corticosteroid therapy, albumin infusions, @entity2390 , heparin, bowel rest, and parenteral nutrition. Cardiac surgery to optimize her hemodynamic status was also ineffective and large volume pleural and ascitic fluid losses continued. Having exhausted all other therapeutic modalities, @entity1136 -dextran scintigraphy was performed to assess the extent of intestinal protein loss and the potential for surgical intervention. Scintigraphy suggested localized protein loss from the proximal jejunum and subsequent segmental resection was effective. Postoperatively, @entity843 and @entity1143 resolved, and there was no evidence of @entity5277 . Growth has accelerated and the @entity1 has entered puberty. There is mild persistent intestinal protein loss requiring diuretic therapy. Ascites or @entity1143 are absent, and the @entity1 remains well >2 years after surgery. @entity9676 post-Fontan procedures has traditionally been ascribed to hemodynamic factors such as raised systemic venous pressure, which would predispose to a generalized intestinal lesion. However, in this case, scintigraphy demonstrated a localized, surgically correctible lesion. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of the use of @entity1136 -dextran scintigraphy for this indication and of successful partial small bowel resection in such a case.

title: Successful resection of localized @entity9676 post-Fontan: role of XXXX -dextran scintigraphy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity1145 :: ('MESH:D018785', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid atresia']

entities_list: @entity6518 :: ('MESH:D011504', 'Disease') :: ['protein-losing enteropathy']

entities_list: @entity3417 :: ('MESH:D002915', 'Disease') :: ['chylous ascites']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide']

entities_list: @entity5277 :: ('MESH:D012778', 'Disease') :: ['short bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity9676 :: ('MESH:D008201', 'Disease') :: ['Intestinal lymphangiectasia', 'intestinal lymphangiectasia']

answer: @entity1136 :: (MESH:D013667,Chemical) :: ['(99m)technetium']