abstract: Soluble fibrin detected in clinical plasma samples includes a variety of complexes consisting of fibrin monomer units, @entity2002 , and various proteolytic derivatives of @entity2002 and fibrin. The advantage of measuring soluble fibrin over fibrinopeptide A to detect thrombin action on @entity2002 is the considerably longer half-life of soluble fibrin in the circulation. Soluble fibrin can be detected by a variety of methods, including paracoagulation and precipitation assays, adsorption of fibrin monomer to insolubilized @entity2002 , functional assays based on the cofactor activity of some soluble fibrin compounds in @entity3479 -induced plasminogen activation, and by using fibrin-specific antibodies. Fibrin-specific antibodies may react with epitopes generated directly by fibrinopeptide A or B release or with epitopes generated by fibrin polymerization. Epitopes dependent on fibrinopeptide A release are often not accessible in native fibrin complexes and require the disaggregation of fibrin compounds to be reactive, whereas epitopes dependent on fibrinopeptide B release or fibrin polymerization are accessible to the monoclonal antibodies in nondenatured fibrin. Since soluble fibrin assays detect different structural or functional properties of soluble fibrin, no common calibrator for all soluble fibrin assays and, often, little correlation between different assay systems in clinical evaluations exist. Clinical applications of soluble fibrin assays include diagnosis and treatment monitoring of intravascular coagulation processes and prethrombotic states, monitoring anticoagulant treatment, and biocompatibility investigations. Some soluble fibrin assays have been demonstrated to be extremely sensitive indicators of acute fibrin formation. For the exclusion of @entity49 , D-dimer assays appear to be more sensitive than current soluble fibrin assays, since D-dimer assays detect freshly formed fibrin and proteolytic fragments of particulate clots. Further clinical studies are needed to establish the clinical utility of specific, soluble fibrin assays. The development of rapid, quantitative soluble fibrin assays for clinical routine use should be encouraged.

title: The use of soluble fibrin in evaluating the acute and chronic XXXX state.

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['hypercoagulable']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The advantage of supplemental @entity4388 ( @entity5993 ) on eggshell quality in laying hens changes with age. Besides increasing @entity460 ( @entity9495 ) secretion in the eggshell gland, it may improve @entity9495 absorption in the intestine or kidney. Hy-Line Brown layers (n  =  384), 25 weeks of age, were allocated to two treatment groups in two experiments, each of which included 4 replicates of 24 hens. Hens were fed a basal diet (control) or the basal diet containing 3  g @entity5993 g/kg for 50 or 20 weeks in Experiment 1 or 2, respectively. A 24-h continuous lighting regimen was used to allow hens to consume the dietary supplements during the period of active eggshell formation. In Experiment 1, particularly from 25 to 50 weeks of age, and in Experiment 2, @entity5993 supplementation favoured hen-d egg production at the expense of lower egg weight. The increased eggshell thickness should have nothing to do with the additional eggshell formation, because of the unchanged egg mass and daily eggshell @entity730 . At 35 weeks of age in both experiments, @entity5993 supplementation increased duodenal expression of calbindin-d28k (CaBP-D28k) protein, contributing to higher @entity9495 retention and balance. From 50 to 75 weeks of age in Experiment 1, the hens had little response to @entity5993 supplementation and showed a negative trend on eggshell thickness and strength. It is concluded that dietary supplementation with 3  g @entity5993 g/kg improves @entity9495 absorption and eggshell quality of laying hens during the peak but not late production period, with the introduction of continuous lighting.

title: Dietary supplementation with @entity4388 improves XXXX absorption and eggshell quality of laying hens during peak production.

entities_list: @entity4388 :: ('MESH:D017693', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Lymph node @entity3 is a significant factor in @entity356 prognosis. It is well known that @entity5 cells secrete lymphangiogenic factors, thereby promoting lymphangiogenesis. However, the effects of lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC)-secreted factors on the process of lymphangiogenesis and @entity5 cell @entity3 remain unclear. We established an animal model and successfully isolated LECs from afferent lymph vessels of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in animal models. A microarray analysis was performed to characterize gene expression profile in afferent LECs induced by @entity5 cells. There were significant differences in 846 genes between normal LECs and LECs with lymph node @entity3 . Among these genes, we found that expression of @entity2851 was upregulated, which was confirmed by quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. In a coculture system, @entity356 cells induced @entity2851 secretion from LECs, which was associated with the NF-kB pathway. @entity2851 stimulated LECs migration and tube formation involving FAK-ERK1/2- @entity3547 activation and reorganization of F-actin. In @entity1 @entity356 specimens, @entity7416 expression was positively correlated with @entity2802 ( @entity5 , node, @entity3 ) stage and lymphatic vessel density. These results suggested that LECs of afferent SLNs had specific expression profiles, which were distinct from those of normal lymphatic vessels and appeared to promote @entity3 . The expression pattern described in our study, including @entity2851 in LECs and its receptor @entity7416 in @entity5 cells, offers a promising therapeutic target for @entity356 .

title: Lymphatic endothelial cell-secreted XXXX stimulates lymphangiogenesis and @entity3 of @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor', 'metastatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity2851 :: (2919,Gene) :: ['CXCL1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity172 administration is known to increase serum @entity412 concentrations. This study measured changes in lipoproteins of @entity1 with @entity263 treated with @entity172 to determine whether the increased @entity412 concentrations are associated with atherogenic lipoprotein patterns. METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 (52-87 years) with histologically diagnosed @entity263 received @entity18830 (250 mg/day). Serum samples were collected before and after 1 and 2 weeks of treatment. @entity165 and @entity412 profiles of major lipoproteins were determined by HPLC, remnant-like particle @entity165 and @entity412 concentrations by an immunoseparation technique, and apolipoproteins by immunologic methods. RESULTS: @entity172 treatment induced a 63.3% increase in total @entity412 concentrations, which occurred in all major lipoprotein classes with significant increases in HDL- @entity1674 (130.4%), LDL- @entity1674 (60.7%) and VLDL- @entity1674 (56.2%). HDL- @entity165 increased significantly by 26.8%, while LDL- @entity165 decreased (15.6%). Remnant-like particle @entity412 concentrations also increased significantly by 77%, whereas remnant-like particle @entity165 concentrations remained unchanged. Apolipoproteins A-I and A-II increased; apolipoprotein E and Lp(a) decreased. CONCLUSIONS: The techniques used here conveniently demonstrated that short-term @entity172 treatment in @entity263 @entity1 resulted in @entity412 enrichment of all major lipoprotein classes but did not induce changes in the lipoprotein profiles generally recognized as increasing risk for @entity65 , except for the elevation of plasma @entity412 and remnant-like particle @entity412 .

title: @entity172 treatment of XXXX increases @entity1674 in lipoproteins as demonstrated by HPLC and immunoseparation techniques.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity18830 :: ('MESH:C004955', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylstilbestrol diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: The @entity1789 electrocardiogram pattern is characterized by coved-type ST-elevation (>2 mm) in the right precordial leads. We report the case of a 62-year-old @entity1 , with @entity162 , admitted to the emergency department because of @entity1353 and chest discomfort. The @entity1 was on treatment with @entity4481 and @entity1089 . Unexpectedly, electrocardiogram at admission showed diffuse ST-elevation, more evident in inferior leads, where a @entity1789 -like pattern was present. The @entity1 underwent coronary angiography with a diagnosis of suspected @entity1187 . Coronary angiography, however, showed mild @entity453 not requiring coronary angioplasty. Echocardiography did not reveal @entity1002 or pericardial effusion. Troponin levels remained normal over serial controls. Eventually, chest radiography showed lung opacities and consolidation suggestive for @entity55 . To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first cases showing a transient @entity1789 -like electrocardiogram pattern in inferior leads, probably amplified by the administration of @entity4481 and @entity1089 .

title: Inferior ST-Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction or an Inferior-Lead @entity1789 -like Electrocardiogram Pattern Associated With the Use of XXXX and @entity1089 ?

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity4481 :: ('MESH:C080245', 'Chemical') :: ['pregabalin']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity4481 :: (MESH:C080245,Chemical) :: ['Pregabalin']


abstract: AIMS: Modern radiotherapy uses techniques to reliably identify @entity5 and reduce target volume margins. However, this can potentially lead to an increased risk of geographic miss. One source of error is the accuracy of target volume delineation (TVD). Colleague peer review (CPR) of all curative-intent @entity2 plans has been mandatory in our institution since May 2013. At least two clinical oncologists review plans, checking treatment paradigm, TVD, prescription dose @entity5 and critical organ tolerances. We report the impact of CPR in our institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Radiotherapy treatment plans of all @entity1 receiving radical radiotherapy were presented at weekly CPR meetings after their target volumes were reviewed and signed off by the treating consultant. All cases and any resultant change to TVD (including organs at risk) or treatment intent were recorded in our prospective CPR database. The impact of CPR over a 13 month period from May 2013 to June 2014 is reported. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-two @entity1 (63% @entity1149 , 17% @entity151 and 20% 'clinical diagnosis') were analysed. On average, 3.2 cases were discussed per meeting (range 1-8). CPR resulted in a change in treatment paradigm in 3% (one @entity1 proceeded to induction chemotherapy, two @entity1 had high-dose palliative radiotherapy). Twenty-one (17%) had a change in TVD and one (1%) @entity1 had a change in dose prescription. In total, 6% of @entity1 had plan adjustment after review of dose volume histogram. CONCLUSION: The introduction of CPR in our centre has resulted in a change in a component of the treatment plan for 27% of @entity1 receiving curative-intent lung radiotherapy. We recommend CPR as a mandatory quality assurance step in the planning process of all radical lung plans.

title: The Impact of Colleague Peer Review on the Radiotherapy Treatment Planning Process in the Radical Treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung carcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Lung Cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Laparoscopic partial gastrectomy is the standard surgical treatment for @entity1820 ( @entity674 ). However, to reduce @entity356 margins should be secured so as to minimize the size of the resection as much as possible. This is the report on the 3 laparoscopic resection techniques for @entity1820 depending upon the growth pattern and location of the @entity5 , and their results. We performed laparoscopic partial gastrectomy for 41 gastric GISTs between 2004 and 2012. Simple resection was used on exophytic or small GISTs. Seromuscular resection was used on exoendophytic (intramural) and relatively small @entity5 . Transgastric resection was used in cases of large @entity5 . We performed simple resection on 24 lesions (58.5%), seromuscular resection on 14 lesions (34.1%), and transgastric resection on 3 lesions (7.3%). There were no intraoperative complications. @entity260 included 1 case (2.5%) of @entity548 from the staple line.

title: Strategy of Laparoscopic Partial Resection for Gastric XXXX According to the Growth Pattern.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'endophytic tumors']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastric GIST', 'gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric deformation, the tumor']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors']


abstract: Importance: Juvenile recurrent @entity8174 (JRP) is characterized by recurrent @entity158 that occurs in the pediatric population. Sialendoscopy with and without ductal corticosteroid infusion (DCI) has been found to be effective in the treatment of JRP and @entity792 . Objective: To determine the utility of instrumentation vs pharmacotherapy alone for juvenile recurrent @entity8174 . Design, Setting, and @entity1 : A retrospective medical record review of pediatric @entity1 undergoing DCI without sialendoscopy at a tertiary pediatric hospital was conducted. The medical records were reviewed to determine the frequency of @entity8174 events before and after treatment. A multiquestion telephone survey of @entity1 and their parents who underwent the procedure was then conducted to determine @entity1 satisfaction. Interventions: Ductal corticosteroid infusion with @entity701 through catheter inserted in the parotid duct. Main Outcomes and Measures: Frequency of symptoms before and after treatment and parental satisfaction with the treatment. Results: Twelve @entity1 with a mean age of 6.7 years were identified. The mean duration and frequency of symptoms before the procedure were 22 months and every 2 months, respectively. Five @entity1 had a recurrence, on average 4 months after the procedure. Four @entity1 underwent repeated surgical procedures. All had a longer duration between episodes compared with before DCI. Eight parents participated in the survey on satisfaction with the procedure, and 75% reported improvement in their @entity1 's life postprocedure. Conclusions and Relevance: Current literature shows sialendoscopy with corticosteroid application is successful in treating JRP, but it is unclear whether corticosteroid application alone would treat JRP equally. This study shows that DCI alone has similar results as sialendoscopy with corticosteroid application, indicating that it is the corticosteroid application and not the sialendoscopy causing improvement in symptoms. Because JRP must be differentiated from sialolithiasis, we recommend ultrasonography of the involved parotid(s) prior to using DCI alone to ensure no stone is present. Sialendoscopy should be reserved to rule out other parotid ductal pathologic conditions.

title: Treatment of Juvenile Recurrent XXXX of Childhood: An Analysis of Effectiveness.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity8174 :: ('MESH:D010309', 'Disease') :: ['parotitis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful swelling of the parotid gland']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune parotitis']

answer: @entity8174 :: (MESH:D010309,Disease) :: ['Parotitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In native population of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the rate of consanguineous marriages is 50.5%. This study was designed to determine whether the rates of consanguinity and family history of @entity5 among the families of @entity1 with @entity706 are different from those in the general population. METHODS: The study comprised 117 @entity1 from the whole of the country with @entity981 ( @entity981 ) and @entity978 ( @entity978 ) and @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ), ranging in age from 2 to 14 years. The consanguinity rate in the study group was compared with the rate in the general population. To study family history of @entity5 , the authors matched @entity1 with 117 controls. In a telephone interview, each mother was asked to provide data regarding the biologic relationship between her and her husband as well as that between both sets of grandparents; each was also asked whether any family relative had a @entity5 and, if so, of what type. RESULTS: Among the 69 @entity981 cases, 80% of families were consanguineous and 20% were nonconsanguineous. Among the 26 @entity1893 and 22 @entity978 cases, each group included 3 consanguineous families, 12% and 14%, respectively. The consanguinity rates for @entity981 , @entity1893 , and @entity978 were all significantly different from the 50.5% consanguinity rate in the UAE population (all three P values < 0.0001). The family history of @entity5 was more often positive in @entity981 @entity1 than in controls (odds ratio, 2.14; confidence interval, 1.01--4.53). Overall and for each @entity706 , there was no difference in family history of @entity5 between consanguineous and nonconsanguineous groups of cases. CONCLUSIONS: The consanguinity rate in the families of @entity1 with @entity981 is significantly higher and in those with @entity1893 and @entity978 significantly lower than that in the UAE population. The family history of @entity5 is more often positive among @entity981 cases than controls--consanguinity having no effect.

title: Consanguinity and family history of @entity5 in @entity1 with leukemia and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', 'non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HL', 'Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Thyroid hormone concentrations fluctuate during growth and development. To accurately diagnose @entity1374 in pediatric @entity1 , reference intervals (RIs) should be established with appropriate age groups from an adequate number of healthy subjects using the most exact methods possible. Obtaining statistically useful numbers of healthy @entity1 is particularly challenging for pediatric populations. The objective of this study was to determine non-parametric RIs for free @entity1955 (fT4) and free @entity1954 (fT3) using equilibrium dialysis-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with over 2200 healthy @entity1 6 months-17 years of age. METHODS: Subjects were negative for both @entity3745 and thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies and had normal thyrotropin concentrations. The study included 2213 @entity1 (1129 @entity1 and 1084 @entity1 ), with at least 120 subjects (average of 125) from each year of life, except for the 6 month to 1 year age group (n=96). RESULTS: Non-parametric RIs (95th percentile) for fT4 were: 18.0-34.7 pmol/L ( @entity1 and @entity1 , 6 months-6 years) and 14.2-25.7 pmol/L ( @entity1 and @entity1 , 7-17 years). RIs for fT3 were: 5.8-13.1 pmol/L ( @entity1 , 6 months-6 years); 5.7-11.8 pmol/L ( @entity1 , 6 months-6 years); 5.7-10.0 pmol/L ( @entity1 and @entity1 , 7-12 years); 4.5-8.6 pmol/L ( @entity1 , 13-17 years); and 5.2-9.4 pmol/L ( @entity1 , 13-17 years). CONCLUSION: Numerous significant differences were observed between pediatric age groups and previously established adult ranges. This emphasizes the need for well-characterized RIs for @entity8789 in the pediatric population.

title: Pediatric Reference Intervals for Free @entity1955 and Free XXXX by Equilibrium Dialysis-Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity8789 :: ('MESH:D013963', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroid hormones']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease']

answer: @entity1954 :: (MESH:D014284,Chemical) :: ['Triiodothyronine']


abstract: The underlying mechanisms responsible for the development of @entity263 ( @entity263 ) in @entity1 who have undergone @entity342 deprivation therapy are not fully understood. This is the first study to address whether b2-adrenergic receptor ( @entity2162 )- mediated signaling may affect @entity263 progression in vivo. By immunohistochemical analyses, we observed that low levels of @entity2162 is associated with a more rapid development of @entity263 in a Norwegian @entity1 cohort. To elucidate mechanisms by which @entity2162 may affect @entity263 development, we stably transfected LNCaP cells with shRNAs to mimic low and high expression of @entity2162 . Two @entity858 -glucuronosyltransferases, @entity20986 and @entity20987 , involved in phase II metabolism of @entity3800 , were strongly downregulated in two LNCaP shADRB2 cell lines. The low- @entity2162 LNCaP cell lines displayed lowered glucuronidation activities towards @entity3800 than high- @entity2162 cells. Furthermore, increased levels of @entity251 and enhanced @entity342 responsiveness were observed in LNCaP cells expressing low level of @entity2162 . Interestingly, these cells grew faster than high- @entity2162 LNCaP cells, and sustained their low glucuronidation activity in castrated NOD/ @entity915 @entity19 . @entity2162 immunohistochemical staining intensity correlated with @entity20986 staining intensity in independent TMA studies and with @entity20987 in one TMA study. Similar to @entity2162 , we show that low levels of @entity20986 are associated with a more rapid @entity263 progression. We propose a novel mechanism by which @entity2162 may affect the development of @entity263 through downregulation of @entity20986 and @entity20987 .

title: Low b2-adrenergic receptor level may promote development of castration resistant XXXX and altered steroid metabolism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['castration-resistant prostate cancer', 'CRPC']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cytohistologic correlation of @entity0 ( @entity1557 ) in order to assess the value of cytology in the conservative management of this lesion. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of all aspirates diagnosed as @entity1557 or @entity75 (n = 1,549) for which a histologic follow-up study was available (n = 362). Forty-three aspirates, including 14 nonrepresentative smears, from histologically proven FAs with a different cytologic report were also included in the study. RESULTS: Cytohistologic agreement was present in 287 of the 362 cytodiagnoses. Lack of correlation was observed in 75 cases. Most diagnostic errors accumulated in the older @entity1 group. The sensitivity of the cytologic diagnosis of @entity1557 was 86.9% (90.8% excluding nonrepresentative cases), with a positive predictive value of 79.3%. In 43 cases a histologic diagnosis of @entity1557 was given after previous erroneous (n = 29) or nonrepresentative cytodiagnoses (n = 14). The specificity of the cytologic diagnosis of @entity1557 reached 93.8%, with a negative predictive value of 96.3% (97.5% excluding nonrepresentative cases). Regarding @entity5 , five @entity5 were diagnosed as @entity1557 and were malignant. No false positive diagnoses of @entity5 were given, but nine aspirates were included in the category "suspicious for @entity189 ." CONCLUSION: @entity1557 of the breast remains a diagnostic challenge for the cytopathologist. A considerable amount of benign breast lesions can mimic @entity1557 on cytology, and such diagnostic categories as " @entity75 " or "consistent with @entity1557 " are associated with low diagnostic accuracy. While the cytologic requisites for entering a program of conservative management of @entity1557 are established, it seems that strict diagnostic criteria should be applied even at the expense of diminishing sensitivity.

title: Fine needle aspiration cytology of XXXX . A cytohistologic correlation study of 405 cases.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast fibroadenoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['fibroadenomatous lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast fibroadenoma']


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: Internal @entity547 is an uncommon cause of @entity1321 . The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the diagnosis, the management, and the follow-up of the internal hernias operated over a 10-year period in our department of visceral surgery. METHODS: 14 spontaneous internal hernias were observed. The @entity1 were evaluated with respect to symptoms, radiological findings, time elapsed between the onset of symptoms and surgery, type of operation performed, postoperative morbidity and mortality, postoperative stay, and follow-up. RESULTS: There were 8 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 . The preoperative diagnosis was evoked in only one case. The mean time elapsed between the onset of the symptoms and surgery was 31.1 hours (range 6 to 72 hours). Two intestinal resection were performed. Mean postoperative hospital stay was 11.3 days (range 6 to 22 days). The morbidity was 21.4% with no mortality. Mean follow-up was 7 months (range 3 to 15 months); one @entity1 developed an incisional @entity547 . CONCLUSION: Since preoperative diagnosis of an internal @entity547 is difficult because of the lack of specific signs, morbidity and mortality can be decreased with early surgical intervention. Operative risks include @entity64 , especially to @entity547 neck vessels.

title: [Internal XXXX : a rare cause of @entity1321 . Apropos of 14 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['vascular accidents']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['acute intestinal obstruction']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity9222 , @entity69835 , is an immensely destructive agricultural pest that forms a devastating and voracious gregarious phase. The fungal insect pathogen, Metarhizium acridum, is a specialized locust pathogen that has been used as a potent mycoinsecticide for locust control. Little, however, is known about locust immune tissue, i.e. fat body and hemocyte, responses to challenge by this fungus. METHODS: RNA-seq (RNA sequencing) technology were applied to comparatively examine the different roles of locust fat body and hemocytes, the two major contributors to the insect immune response, in defense against M. acridum. According to the sequence identity to homologies of other species explored immune response genes, immune related unigenes were screened in all transcriptome wide range from locust and the differential expressed genes were identified in these two tissues, respectively. RESULTS: Analysis of differentially expressed locust genes revealed 4660 and 138 up-regulated, and 1647 and 23 down-regulated transcripts in the fat body and hemocytes, respectively after inoculation with M. acridum spores. @entity74 ( @entity74 ) enrichment analysis showed membrane biogenesis related proteins and effector proteins significantly differentially expressed in hemocytes, while the expression of energy metabolism and development related transcripts were enriched in the fat body after @entity364 . A total of 470 immune related unigenes were identified, including members of the three major insect immune pathways, i.e. Toll, @entity3230 ( @entity3230 ) and JAK/STAT (janus kinase/signal transduction and activator of transcription). Of these, 58 and three were differentially expressed in the insect fat body or hemocytes after infection, respectively. Of differential expressed transcripts post challenge, 43 were found in both the fat body and hemocytes, including the LmLys4 lysozyme, representing a microbial cell wall targeting enzyme. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that locust fat body and hemocytes adopt different strategies in response to M. acridum infection. Fat body gene expression after M. acridum challenge appears to function mainly through activation of innate immune related genes, energy metabolism and development related genes. Hemocyte responses attempt to limit @entity364 primarily through regulation of membrane related genes and activation of cellular immune responses and release of humoral immune factors.

title: Comparative transcriptomic analysis of immune responses of the XXXX , @entity9222 , to challenge by the fungal insect pathogen, Metarhizium acridum.

entities_list: @entity69835 :: ('229990', 'Species') :: ['Locusta migratoria manilensis']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['GO', 'Gene Ontology']

entities_list: @entity3230 :: ('MESH:C565469', 'Disease') :: ['immune deficiency', 'Imd']

entities_list: @entity9222 :: ('7004', 'Species') :: ['migratory locust']

answer: @entity9222 :: (7004,Species) :: ['migratory locust']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity22871 ( @entity22871 ) is becoming an increasingly encountered condition both in respiratory outpatient clinics and in hospitalized @entity1 . The health consequences and social disadvantages of @entity22871 are significant. Unfortunately, the diagnosis and institution of appropriate therapy is commonly delayed when the syndrome is not recognised or misdiagnosed. Positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy remains the mainstay of treatment and is effective in controlling @entity387 in the majority of individuals. Evidence supporting one mode of therapy over another is limited. Both continuous and bilevel therapy modes can successfully improve daytime gas exchange, with adherence to therapy an important modifiable factor in the response to treatment. Despite adherence to therapy, these individuals continue to experience excess mortality primarily due to @entity65 compared to those with @entity387 using CPAP. This difference likely arises from ongoing systemic @entity32 secondary to the morbidly @entity28 state. The need for a comprehensive approach to managing nutrition, weight and physical activity in addition to reversal of @entity387 is now widely recognised. Future studies need to evaluate the impact of a more @entity146 and comprehensive treatment plan beyond managing @entity387 . The impact of early identification and treatment of @entity387 on the development and reversal of @entity409 also requires further attention.

title: XXXX : Weighing in on therapy options.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep-disordered breathing', 'eucapnic sleep apnea', 'sleep-disordered breathing and improving awake blood gases']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['cardiometabolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity22871 :: ('MESH:D010845', 'Disease') :: ['OHS', 'Obesity hypoventilation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events']

answer: @entity22871 :: (MESH:D010845,Disease) :: ['Obesity hypoventilation syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine screening patterns and the risk of cervical @entity5 in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) treated or not with @entity5 necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi). METHODS: We performed a nationwide register-based cohort study in Sweden of @entity1 with @entity309 who started a first TNFi (n=9629), biologics-naive @entity1 with @entity309 (n=34   984) and general population comparators (matched 1:10, n=300   331), followed up from 1999 to 2012. Outcomes were first cytology screening with normal outcome, first ever @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) grade 1, first ever @entity3146 2-3 or @entity420 in situ and first ever @entity3 during follow-up. HRs were assessed through Cox regressions adjusted for age, educational level, prior cervical screens, comorbidities, marital status and prior hospitalisations. RESULTS: Biologic-naive @entity1 with @entity309 had more screenings (HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.10), were at greater risk of @entity3146 1 (HR 1.53, 1.23 to 1.89) and @entity3146 2-3 (HR 1.39, 1.16 to 1.66), but not of @entity3 (HR 1.09, 0.71 to 1.65) compared with the general population. @entity1 who initiated TNFi therapy had similar screening patterns (HR 1.01, 0.98 to 1.05), were not at increased risk of @entity3146 1 (HR 1.23, 0.87 to 1.74), but were at increased risk of @entity2622 (HR 2.10, 1.04 to 4.23) compared with biologics-naive @entity1 with @entity309 . Estimates varied little with successive adjustments, but were attenuated/absent in sensitivity analyses restricted to 2006-2012 and a disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs-treated comparator. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity309 in general are at elevated risk of @entity3799 . Compared with biologics-naive @entity1 , @entity1 treated with TNFi are at increased risk of @entity5 . Whether this increase is causally linked with TNFi could not be fully disentangled.

title: Do @entity309 or TNF inhibitors increase the risk of cervical XXXX or of recurrence of previous @entity5 ? A nationwide study from Sweden.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer', 'neoplasia', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['CIN 2-3 (HR 1.36, 1.01 to 1.82) and invasive cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['cervical dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasia']


abstract: Amid the explosion of fundamental knowledge generated from transgenic animal models, a small group of scientists has been producing transgenic livestock with goals of improving animal production efficiency and generating new products. The ability to modify mammary-specific genes provides an opportunity to pursue several distinctly different avenues of research. The objective of the emerging gene "pharming" industry is to produce pharmaceuticals for treating @entity1 diseases. It is argued that mammary glands are an ideal site for producing complex bioactive proteins that can be cost effectively harvested and purified. Consequently, during the past decade, approximately a dozen companies have been created to capture the US market for pharmaceuticals produced from transgenic bioreactors estimated at  3 billion annually. Several products produced in this way are now in @entity1 clinical trials. Another research direction, which has been widely discussed but has received less attention in the laboratory, is genetic engineering of the @entity291 mammary gland to alter the composition of milk destined for @entity1 consumption. Proposals include increasing or altering endogenous proteins, decreasing fat, and altering milk composition to resemble that of @entity1 milk. Initial studies using @entity19 to investigate the feasibility of enhancing manufacturing properties of milk have been encouraging. The potential profitability of gene "pharming" seems clear, as do the benefits of transgenic @entity291 producing milk that has been optimized for food products. To take full advantage of enhanced milk, it may be desirable to restructure the method by which dairy producers are compensated. However, the cost of producing functional transgenic @entity291 will remain a severe limitation to realizing the potential of transgenic @entity291 until inefficiencies of transgenic technology are overcome. These inefficiencies include low rates of gene integration, poor embryo survival, and unpredictable transgene behavior.

title: Transgenic dairy XXXX : genetic engineering on a large scale.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['cows', 'cattle', 'bovine']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: The purpose was to investigate the effect of wet granulation with @entity11151 ( @entity19987 ) on the enhancement of @entity5018 ( @entity12690 ) dissolution. The effect of the granulation variables on the physical properties as well as the dissolution of tablets prepared from these granules was also examined. Granulation was performed using three granulating solvents: water, @entity1068 (95 vol%), and @entity5723 . Granules were either oven-dried for 2 h or air-dried for 3 days. The granules or respective physical mixtures were compressed into tablets. Powder X-ray diffraction showed that oven-dried granulation resulted in less amorphous entities thatfacilitated @entity12690 - @entity19987 complexation in solution and enhanced the dissolution of the corresponding tablets compared to the physical mixture with or without oven drying. In contrast, air-dried granulation did not cause any differences in the X-ray diffraction pattern (crystallinity) or the dissolution compared to the physical mixture without drying. @entity5723 and water, as granulating solvents, enhanced the dissolution of the oven-dried batches more than @entity1068 . The Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data showed that tablets prepared from oven-dried granules, but not air-dried granules, had lower AH values and percent loss in weight, respectively, than those prepared from the physical mixture as a result of the expulsion of the water molecules from the @entity19987 cavity and enhancement of the complexation in solution. These results showed that oven-dried granulation of @entity12690 and @entity19987 provided faster @entity12690 dissolution than the physical mixture; air-dried granulation did not substantially affect the dissolution of @entity12690 .

title: Enhancement of XXXX dissolution via wet granulation with @entity11151 .

entities_list: @entity11151 :: ('MESH:C031215', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-cyclodextrin']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity5723 :: ('MESH:D019840', 'Chemical') :: ['Isopropanol', 'isopropanol']

answer: @entity5018 :: (MESH:D007052,Chemical) :: ['ibuprofen']


abstract: The extracellular deposition of short amyloid peptides in the brain of @entity1 is thought to be a central event in the pathogenesis of @entity195 . The generation of the amyloid peptide occurs via a regulated cascade of cleavage events in its precursor protein, @entity477 PP. At least three enzymes are responsible for @entity477 PP proteolysis and have been tentatively named alpha-, beta- and gamma-secretases. The recent identification of several of these secretases is a major leap in the understanding how these secretases regulate amyloid peptide formation. Members of the ADAM family of metalloproteases are involved in the non-amyloidogenic alpha-secretase pathway. The amyloidogenic counterpart pathway is initiated by the recently cloned novel @entity492 protease named @entity6705 . The available data are conclusive and crown @entity6705 as the long-sought beta-secretase. This enzyme is a prime candidate drug target for the development of therapy aiming to lower the amyloid burden in the disease. Finally, the gamma-secretases are intimately linked to the function of the presenilins. These multi-transmembrane domain proteins remain intriguing study objects. The hypothesis that the presenilins constitute a complete novel type of protease family, and are cleaving @entity477 PP within the transmembrane region, remains an issue of debate. Several questions remain unanswered and direct proof that they exert catalytic activity is still lacking. The subcellular localization of presenilins in neurons, their integration in functional multiprotein complexes and the recent identification of additional modulators of gamma-secretase, like nicastrin, indicate already that several players are involved. Nevertheless, the rapidly increasing knowledge in this area is already paving the road towards selective inhibitors of this secretase as well. It is hoped that such drugs, possibly in concert with the experimental vaccination therapies that are currently tested, will lead to a cure of this inexorable disease.

title: Secretases as therapeutic targets for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's Disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has proven to be an effective strategy in the management of @entity7026 (AVMs) in @entity1 and adults over the past three decades. Its application has resulted in lowering the morbidity and mortality associated with treatment of @entity2758 . SRS has been used as a primary modality of therapy as well as in conjunction with embolization and microsurgery in the management of AVMs. The obliteration rate after SRS has been reported to range from 35% to 92%. Smaller AVMs receiving higher marginal doses have obliteration rates of 70% and more. The median follow-up reported in most series is approximately 36-40 months. The median time to obliteration has been reported to be approximately 24-36 months in most series. Radiation-induced @entity16 have been reported in less than 10% of @entity1 , with a 1.5%-6% risk of developing a new permanent @entity51 . The @entity548 rate during the latency to obliteration has been reported to be approximately 5%. This review describes the experience reported in literature with respect to the indications, dosage, factors affecting obliteration rate of AVMs, and complications after SRS.

title: Stereotactic radiosurgery for XXXX : A review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7026 :: ('MESH:D002538', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial arteriovenous malformations']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['deep-seated AVMs']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

answer: @entity7026 :: (MESH:D002538,Disease) :: ['intracranial arteriovenous malformations']


abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the correlation of previous @entity150 history with the recurrence and progression of @entity1 with high-risk non-muscle-invasive @entity150 treated with adjuvant Bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin (BCG) and to evaluate their natural history. Materials and Methods: @entity1 were divided into two groups based on the existence of previous @entity150 (primary, non-primary). A logistic regression analysis was used to identify the possible differences in the probabilities of recurrence and progression with respect to @entity5 history, while potential differences due to gender, @entity5 size (> 3 cm, < 3 cm), stage (pTa, T1), concomitant @entity189 in situ (pTis) and number of @entity5 (single, multiple) were also assessed. Univariate and multivariate models were employed. In addition, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to compare recurrence- and progression-free survival between the groups. Results: A total of 192 @entity1 were included (144 with primary and 48 with @entity5 ). The rates of recurrence and progression for @entity1 with @entity5 were 27.8% and 12.5%, respectively. The corresponding percentages for @entity1 with @entity5 were 77.1% and 33.3%, respectively. The latter group of @entity1 displayed significantly higher probabilities of recurrence (p=0.000; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.067 to 18.804) and progression (p=0.002; 95% CI, 1.609 to 7.614) in a univariate logistic regression analysis. Previous @entity150 history remained significant in the multivariate model accounting for history, age, gender, @entity5 size , number of @entity5 , stage and concomitant pTis (p=0.000; 95% CI, 4.367 to 21.924 and p=0.002; 95% CI, 1.611 to 8.182 for recurrence and progression respectively). Kaplan-Meier curves revealed that the non-primary group hadreduced progression- and recurrence-free survival. Conclusion: Previous non-muscle-invasive @entity150 history correlates significantly with recurrence and progression in @entity1 with high-risk non-muscle-invasive disease treated with adjuvant BCG.

title: Previous XXXX History in @entity1 with High-Risk, Non-muscle-invasive @entity150 Correlates with Recurrence and Progression: Implications of Natural History.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['non-primary tumors', 'tumor', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['Bladder Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: HER family receptors play a key role in @entity5 progression in several @entity5 , such as @entity0 . The aims of this study were to investigate expression of @entity470 , @entity1722 and @entity7514 in @entity788 ( @entity788 ) samples and evaluate the association between HER-family receptor expression and @entity1 ' clinical outcomes. METHODS: Tissue samples from 91 @entity788 @entity1 were subjected to immunohistochemical staining to assess the expression of @entity470 , @entity1722 and @entity7514 . Semiquantitative scores of zero (no staining or staining in less than 10% of @entity5 cells), 1+, 2+ or 3+ were assigned to each sample based on the intensity of staining for HER receptors. Scores of 2+ or 3+ were defined as positive staining. RESULTS: @entity470 overexpression was observed in 41 out of 91 samples (45.1%), while @entity1722 was not overexpressed in any of the analyzed samples. @entity7514 was overexpressed in 37 samples (40.7%) and was found to be associated with advanced TNM stage. In particular, @entity7514 was overexpressed in 12 out of 16 stage IV @entity1 (75%) compared with only 33.3% of stage I-III @entity1 (p = 0.02). Among 79 @entity1 with available survival data, the 6 @entity1 with strong @entity7514 expression (score 3+) had a shorter survival compared with remaining @entity1 (median overall survival 6.9 months vs. 12.3 months, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: @entity470 and @entity7514 were found to be expressed in a significant proportion of @entity788 @entity1 . Strong @entity7514 expression represents an indicator of poor prognosis in @entity788 @entity1 , being associated with advanced stage and shorter survival.

title: HER family receptor expression and prognosis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'PC']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal, lung or breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: Accumulating evidence suggests that, independent of physical activity levels, sedentary behaviours are associated with increased risk of @entity209 , all-cause mortality, and a variety of physiological and psychological problems. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review is to determine the relationship between sedentary behaviour and health indicators in school-aged @entity1 and youth aged 5-17 years. Online databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO), personal libraries and government documents were searched for relevant studies examining time spent engaging in sedentary behaviours and six specific health indicators (body composition, @entity410 , @entity209 and @entity65 , self-esteem, pro-social behaviour and academic achievement). 232 studies including 983,840 @entity1 met inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Television (TV) watching was the most common measure of sedentary behaviour and body composition was the most common outcome measure. Qualitative analysis of all studies revealed a dose-response relation between increased sedentary behaviour and unfavourable health outcomes. Watching TV for more than 2 hours per day was associated with unfavourable body composition, decreased @entity410 , lowered scores for self-esteem and pro-social behaviour and decreased academic achievement. Meta-analysis was completed for randomized controlled studies that aimed to reduce sedentary time and reported change in body mass index (BMI) as their primary outcome. In this regard, a meta-analysis revealed an overall significant effect of -0.81 (95% CI of -1.44 to -0.17, p = 0.01) indicating an overall decrease in mean BMI associated with the interventions. There is a large body of evidence from all study designs which suggests that decreasing any type of sedentary time is associated with lower health risk in youth aged 5-17 years. In particular, the evidence suggests that daily TV viewing in excess of 2 hours is associated with reduced physical and psychosocial health, and that lowering sedentary time leads to reductions in BMI.

title: Systematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in school-aged XXXX and youth.

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'cardio-metabolic disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This is an update of a Cochrane overview published in Issue 9, 2011; that overview considered both efficacy and adverse events. This overview considers adverse events, with efficacy dealt with in a separate overview.Thirty-nine Cochrane reviews of randomised trials have examined the adverse events associated with individual drug interventions in acute @entity282 . This overview brings together the results of those individual reviews. OBJECTIVES: To provide an overview of adverse event rates associated with single-dose oral analgesics, compared with placebo, for acute @entity282 in adults. METHODS: We identified systematic reviews in The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews on The Cochrane Library through a simple search strategy. All reviews were overseen by a single review group. We extracted information related to @entity1 experiencing any adverse event, and reports of serious adverse events, and deaths from the individual reviews. MAIN RESULTS: Information was available from 39 Cochrane reviews for 41 different analgesics or analgesic combinations (51 drug/dose/formulations) tested in single oral doses in @entity1 with moderate or severe @entity282 . This involved around 350 unique studies involving about 35,000 @entity1 . Most studies involved younger @entity1 with @entity158 following removal of molar teeth.For most nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), @entity1443 , and combinations not containing opioids, there were few examples where @entity1 experienced significantly more or fewer adverse events than with placebo. For @entity117 1000 mg and @entity1622 1000 mg, opioids, or fixed-dose combination drugs containing opioids, @entity1 typically experienced significantly more adverse events than with placebo. Studies of combinations of @entity5018 and @entity1443 reported significantly fewer adverse events.Serious adverse events were rare, occurring a rate of about 1 in 3200 @entity1 .Most reviews did not report specific adverse events. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Despite ongoing problems with the measurement, recording, and reporting of adverse events in clinical trials and in systematic reviews, the large amount of information available for single oral doses of analgesics provides evidence that adverse events rates are generally similar with active drug and placebo in these circumstances, except at higher doses of some drugs, and in combinations including opioids.

title: Adverse events associated with single dose oral analgesics for acute XXXX in adults - an overview of Cochrane reviews.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1622 :: ('MESH:D004061', 'Chemical') :: ['diflunisal']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: We had previously found that a @entity9901 -soluble protein ( @entity55384 ) occurs in @entity35 liver, and that this novel protein inhibits protein synthesis in a @entity95 reticulocyte lysate system (T. Oka, H. Tsuji, C. Noda, K. Sakai, Y.-H. Hong, I. @entity6953 , S. Mu  oz, Y. Natori, J. Biol. Chem. 270 (1995) 30060-30067). In the present study, we analyzed lipid components bound to @entity55384 . Native @entity55384 was purified from @entity35 liver using Sephadex G-75, DE-52 cellulose and IgGPSP-affinity chromatography, and the lipid components were extracted. The components obtained from the purified @entity55384 were shown to be free @entity1718 by thin-layer chromatography. By GC-MS, six major @entity1718 were identified as 14:0, 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2 and 20:4. 1 mol of @entity55384 contained 1.26 mol of total @entity844 components. The @entity844 -binding assay of @entity55384 showed that the Bmax was 1.25 mol @entity844 /mol @entity55384 and the Kd value for @entity7609 was 6.03 microM. The concentration of @entity55384 mRNA in @entity35 liver increased 2.3-fold by the administration of peroxisome proliferator, @entity10569 . These findings show that @entity55384 is a @entity844 -binding protein-like protein, which is involved in the intracellular metabolism of @entity844 and is quite different from the known @entity844 -binding proteins.

title: Analysis of the XXXX components in a @entity9901 -soluble protein.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity10569 :: ('MESH:D001629', 'Chemical') :: ['bezafibrate']

entities_list: @entity9901 :: ('MESH:D010472', 'Chemical') :: ['perchloric acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity7609 :: ('MESH:D019308', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitic acid']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: Staging criteria for @entity5 are based on survival groupings that allow the stage groups to be used as prognosticators for @entity5 treatment. Definitive staging of @entity418 facilitates allocation of @entity1 to appropriate treatment regimens according to each @entity1 's stage. Existing noninvasive staging methods are imperfect in detecting abdominal and thoracic lymph node @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity418 . Thoracoscopy is an excellent means for staging the chest and mediastinum. We have used thoracoscopic lymph node staging and laparoscopic lymph node staging for @entity418 since 1992. Thoracoscopy was performed in 45 @entity1 with biopsy specimen-proved @entity189 . Laparoscopy was done in the last 20 @entity1 . Laparoscopic-assisted feeding jejunostomies were performed in @entity1 with obstructive symptoms. Directed liver biopsies were performed if lesions were present. Thoracoscopy was aborted in three @entity1 because of adhesions. @entity5 was N0 in 40 @entity1 and N1 in 3. Celiac lymph nodes were normal in 14 @entity1 and abnormal in 6. Esophageal resection was performed in 30 @entity1 after thoracoscopic lymph node staging; 18 of these underwent laparoscopic lymph node staging. Thoracoscopic staging showed N0 lymph node status in 28 @entity1 and N1 in 2. Two of these N0 @entity1 (7%) were found at resection to have paraesophageal lymph involvement (N1). Thoracoscopic lymph node staging was accurate in detecting the status of thoracic lymph nodes in 28 of 30 cases (93%). Laparoscopic staging found normal celiac nodes in 13 @entity1 and abnormal lymph nodes in 5. After esophagectomy, final pathologic finding of the 13 N0 @entity1 was N0 in 12 @entity1 and N1 in 1 @entity1 . Thus, laparoscopic lymph node staging was accurate in detecting lymph node status in 17 of 18 @entity1 (94%). Six of 20 @entity1 undergoing laparoscopy had unsuspected celiac axis lymph node involvement missed by standard noninvasive techniques. Three percent of thoracic lymph nodes and 17% of celiac lymph nodes were downstaged after preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Thoracoscopic and laparoscopic lymph node staging are more accurate than existing staging methods.

title: Advances in staging of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic malignancies', 'cancer', 'Thoracic lymph node stage']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the esophagus']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The discovery and validation of biomarkers in @entity16 is an important challenge for early diagnosis of disease and for the development of therapeutics. @entity302 is often a consequence of brain insults such as @entity131 or @entity64 , but as yet no biomarker exists to predict the development of @entity302 in @entity1 at risk. Given the complexity of @entity302 , it is unlikely that a single biomarker is sufficient for this purpose, but a combinatorial approach may be needed to overcome the challenge of individual variability and disease heterogeneity. The goal of the present prospective study in the @entity1091 - @entity2134 model of @entity302 in @entity35 was to determine the discriminative utility of combinations of phenotypic biomarkers by examining their ability to predict @entity302 . For this purpose, we used a recent model refinement that allows comparing @entity35 that will or will not develop @entity410 ( @entity410 ) after @entity2134 -induced @entity159 ( @entity159 ). Potential biomarkers included in our study were @entity410 threshold and @entity410 severity in response to timed i.v. infusion of @entity5093 ( @entity17202 ) and behavioral alterations determined by a battery of tests during the three weeks following @entity159 . Three months after @entity159 , video/EEG monitoring was used to determine which @entity35 had developed @entity410 . To determine whether a biomarker or combination of biomarkers performed better than chance at predicting @entity302 after @entity159 , derived data underwent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. When comparing @entity35 with and without @entity410 and sham controls, the best intergroup discrimination was obtained by combining all measurements, resulting in a ROC area under curve (AUC) of 0.9592 (P<0.01), indicating an almost perfect discrimination or accuracy to predict development of @entity410 . These data indicate that a combinatorial biomarker approach may overcome the challenge of individual variability in the prediction of @entity302 .

title: Novel combinations of phenotypic biomarkers predict development of @entity302 in the @entity1091 - @entity2134 model of temporal lobe epilepsy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'SRS', 'spontaneous recurrent seizures']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological and neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity5093 :: ('MESH:D010433', 'Chemical') :: ['pentylenetetrazole']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus', 'SE']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The @entity7494 ( @entity7494 ) is characterized by cyclic episodes of @entity390 , @entity391 , and @entity490 , and occurs in young adults with long-term @entity835 use. The feature of this syndrome is the relief of symptoms with hot showers. We report here six cases report. CASE REPORTS: Three @entity1 and 3 @entity1 , chronic consumers of @entity835 , presented with typical features of the @entity7494 , but the syndrome remained undiagnosed until then: @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity490 with @entity7127 and loss of weight occurring in adult's of less than 50 years. The symptoms were improved by taking repeated hot showers. The medical investigations were negative. After addictologist care and @entity835 weaning, digestive symptoms disappeared. CONCLUSION: The @entity7494 is based on a clinical diagnosis. When undiagnosed, clinical presentation leads to a medical wandering and to the realization of repeated, expensive, and sometimes invasive exams. The physiopathology is not clear. The treatment relies on the definitive @entity835 weaning.

title: [ XXXX : About 6 cases.]

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity7494 :: ('MESH:D006939', 'Disease') :: ['cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome', 'CHS']

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis']

entities_list: @entity7127 :: ('MESH:D048968', 'Disease') :: ['morning ascendancy']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity7494 :: (MESH:D006939,Disease) :: ['Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1316 are among the major health problems that exist worldwide. They are highly prevalent in the general population and cause significant disturbance of life quality and social functioning of the affected @entity1 . The two major classes of @entity1316 are @entity162 and @entity308 . The latter is assumed to be the most frequent @entity146 comorbidity in @entity302 . Studies published during the second half of the 20th century recognized that certain @entity1 with @entity302 present a depressed mood. Synthesized pharmaceuticals have been in use for decades to treat both @entity1316 and @entity302 , but despite their efficiency, their use is limited by numerous side effects. On the other hand, animal models have been developed to deeply study potential botanicals which have an effect on @entity1316 . Studies to investigate the potential effects of medicinal plants acting on the nervous system and used to treat @entity410 and @entity148 are increasingly growing. However, these studies discuss the two conditions separately without association. In this review, we present animal models of @entity308 and investigative models (methods of assessing @entity308 ) of @entity308 and @entity148 in animals. Other classical test models for prediction of clinical antidepressant activity are presented. Finally, this review also highlights antidepressant activities of herbals focusing specially on @entity308 -like behaviors associated with @entity302 . The pharmacological properties and active principles of cited medicinal plants are emphasized. This review, therefore, provides an overview of the work done on botanicals for @entity1316 , potential mechanisms of action of botanicals, and the major compounds. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Botanicals for @entity302 ".

title: Botanicals for XXXX with a focus on @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorders']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['Mood disorders', 'mood disorders']

answer: @entity1316 :: (MESH:D019964,Disease) :: ['mood disorders']


abstract: @entity4657 are rarely described in the absence of @entity11530 . In this report we present a case of @entity4657 associated with trichophagia in the absence of @entity11530 . A 16-year-old @entity1 presented to surgery outpatient with complaints of @entity158 in @entity391 for the last 6 months. Physical examination revealed a 14 * 16 cm firm, tender, mass with smooth surface, irregular margins, which was mobile with respiration. Ultrasound abdomen revealed a bizarre lesion in the right upper and middle abdomen suggestive of @entity356 . Upper @entity344 did not reveal any abnormality in the esophagus and showed a large mobile mass in the stomach. In view of @entity4657 , psychiatry consultation was sought. Exploration of history revealed that the @entity1 was eating hairs and clay since early childhood. As per @entity1 she would eat hairs thrown by others. She would like the taste of hair and had strong persistent desire to eat hair and would go out searching for the same. At times she would also eat clay. However, she denied of pulling her own hairs. Physical examination of scalp and other body parts did not show any evidence of @entity1665 or pulling of hair/short hair. She was managed surgically and was counseled about the consequences of eating hairs and clays and was encouraged not to eat hair. To conclude our case suggests that @entity1 can have @entity4657 and trichophagia even in the absence of @entity11530 .

title: Trichophagia along with @entity4657 in the absence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4657 :: ('MESH:D001630', 'Disease') :: ['Trichobezoars', 'trichobezoar']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['abdomen and vomiting']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy']

entities_list: @entity11530 :: ('MESH:D014256', 'Disease') :: ['trichotillomania']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric bezoars']

answer: @entity11530 :: (MESH:D014256,Disease) :: ['trichotillomania']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the initial and long-term results of angioplasty and primary stenting for the treatment of @entity432 ( @entity432 ) of the subclavian artery (SA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 1999 to February 2010, 56 @entity1 (25 @entity1 with a mean age of 58    8 years) underwent endovascular treatment for @entity432 of the SA. Duplex scans and arteriograms confirmed occlusion in all cases. Indications for recanalization were @entity3526 in 33 @entity1 (58.1%), @entity613 in 13 @entity1 (23.2%), and @entity63 in 7 @entity1 (12.5%) who had a history of previous coronary artery bypass grafting that included left internal thoracic artery graft. Three @entity1 (5.4%) were treated before the scheduled coronary artery bypass surgery, which included left internal thoracic artery graft. After successful recanalization, all arteries were stented, and all of the @entity1 were followed-up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery and annually thereafter. RESULTS: Successful recanalization of the SA was achieved in 46 @entity1 (82.1%), and the complication rate was 7.1%. During follow-up (mean 40    26 months; range 2 to 125), the primary patency rates after 1 and 3 years were 97.9% and 82.7%, respectively. At the end of follow-up, 76% of the arteries showed no evidence of @entity256 . Univariate analysis failed to identify any variable predictive of long-term patency of successfully recanalized SA. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with stenting of the complete total occlusion of the SA is a safe and effective procedure associated with low risks and good long-term results.

title: Initial and long-term results of endovascular therapy for XXXX of the subclavian artery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['coronary ischemia']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['arm claudication']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['chronic total occlusion', 'CTO']

entities_list: @entity3526 :: ('MESH:D013349', 'Disease') :: ['subclavian steal syndrome']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['chronic total occlusion']


abstract: Spermatozoa from @entity1 who underwent @entity52 ( @entity52 ) therapy were prepared free from seminal plasma with the use of @entity52 culture medium supplemented with 8% human serum. Samples were then stored either at room temperature or in a refrigerator, and their motility and ability to penetrate zona-free hamster eggs were assessed every second day. With storage at room temperature, motility declined by less than half over the first 14 days, with some samples still active 20 days after preparation. The ability of the samples to penetrate hamster eggs was unchanged during the first 6 days of storage, and most of the samples still had positive tests after 14 days. Some spermatozoa could still penetrate after 17 days. Room-temperature-stored spermatozoa were still able to fertilize @entity1 oocytes 5 days after preparation. With storage in a refrigerator motility declined rapidly, and few sperm were motile after 14 days. However, these samples penetrated relatively more hamster eggs after 14 days' storage than room-temperature-stored samples did. Spermatozoa stored overnight in a refrigerator had significantly higher hamster egg penetration rates than spermatozoa stored overnight at room temperature. After storage overnight at room temperature, false-positive and false-negative results of hamster egg penetration tests were common in relation to @entity52 outcome; after refrigerated storage, no false-negative results were found.

title: Prolonged storage of XXXX spermatozoa at room temperature or in a refrigerator.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in vitro fertilization']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: This study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear, colposcopically-directed biopsy (CDB), and endocervical curettage (ECC) in preconization detection of @entity15709 ( @entity15709 ) of the uterine cervix. @entity1 , whose cervical conization specimens contained @entity15709 without any associated invasive lesion at Chiang Mai University Hospital between March 1998 and March 2006, were reviewed. During the study period, fifty-one @entity1 who matched the study inclusion were identified. @entity854 was detected by Pap smears in 22 @entity1 (43.1%). Among 29 @entity1 with @entity2784 on Pap smears, 9 additional glandular abnormalities were detected on CDB and/or ECC. In @entity854 was suspected in 31 @entity1 (60.8%) preoperatively. According to the histological type of @entity15709 , @entity854 suspected from preoperative evaluation was noted in 20 @entity1 (70.4%) who had pure @entity15709 . Among @entity1 with mixed @entity15709 / @entity2784 , only 12 @entity1 (50.0%) had preoperative evaluation suggesting @entity854 . These data demonstrate that the sensitivity of combining Pap smear, CDB and/or ECC in detecting glandular lesions before conization containing @entity15709 appears to be suboptimal. Further study concerning the improvement of detecting @entity15709 before conization is warranted to select the most appropriate diagnostic conization method for such lesions.

title: Can XXXX be predicted before cervical conization?

entities_list: @entity15709 :: ('MESH:D065311', 'Disease') :: ['AIS', 'adenocarcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['glandular abnormality', 'total, glandular abnormality', 'Glandular abnormality']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['squamous lesions', 'HSIL']

answer: @entity15709 :: (MESH:D065311,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the usefulness of the @entity8021 time (ST) test for evaluating the mucociliary function of the maxillary sinus after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for chronic @entity1244 . STUDY DESIGN:                 <AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">This study was conducted on 88 maxillary sinuses of 74 @entity1 after ESS. The maxillary sinus fontanel was broadly opened via the middle meatus using an endoscope, and a @entity8021 granule was adhered to the bottom of the maxillary sinus mucosa The time until the @entity1 recognized the sweet taste was recorded. Before the ST test, the bilateral maxillary sinuses were classified into the following four groups on the basis of the post-ESS severity of @entity4 and @entity4 as revealed by endoscopic observation: normal (45 sinuses), mild @entity4 and @entity4 (24), moderate mucosal finding (14), and severe mucosal finding or filling of the sinus with a polyp(s) (5). RESULTS: The mean ST values in the normal group and the groups with mild, moderate, and severe @entity4 and @entity4 were 35.7, 38.1, 63.6, and 88.0 minutes, respectively. Thus the ST increased with the post-ESS severity of the @entity3137 . However, for the group with mild @entity4 and @entity4 , scanning electron microscopic observation of three maxillary sinuses in which the ST exceeded 120 minutes and four sinuses in which the ST was 40 minutes revealed extensive cilia loss in the former sinuses, but not in the latter. A second post-ESS endoscopic observation was performed in 17 @entity1 , revealing improvement in 11 sinuses, no change in 5 sinuses, and aggravation in 1 sinus (compared with the initial test). The ST test was also repeated, revealing that the ST became shorter in most of the endoscopically improved sinus group. However, a few sinuses showed a discrepancy between the change in the endoscopic findings and the ciliary function (ST). CONCLUSION: Measurement of the maxillary sinus ST is a simple, accurate, and useful technique for assessing the post-ESS mucociliary function in conjunction with endoscopy, and the information gained can help in deciding subsequent therapy.

title: XXXX test of maxillary sinus mucociliary function after endoscopic sinus surgery.

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling', 'mucosal edema']

entities_list: @entity8021 :: ('MESH:D012439', 'Chemical') :: ['saccharin']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal lesion']

answer: @entity8021 :: (MESH:D012439,Chemical) :: ['Saccharin']


abstract: Tissue pieces of @entity95 fetal lung, 23 days gestation, were cultured for 7 days in serum-free medium to obtain lamellar body material for phospholipid analysis. Cultures were maintained in culture medium without serum and (1) with no added hormones (control cultures), (2) with @entity1955 (1 x 10(-7) M), (3) with @entity701 (1 x 10(-7) M) and (4) with @entity1955 plus @entity701 (1 x 10(-7) M each). The hormonal response was evaluated by measuring the quantity of lamellar body material isolated from the tissue pieces after the 7-day culture period. Compared to control cultures, more lamellar body material was recovered from cultures treated with @entity701 (180% of control) and with @entity1955 plus @entity701 (250% of control). Cultures treated with @entity1955 alone yielded the same amount of lamellar body material as the controls. Hormone treatment produced only minor changes in the glycerophospholipid profile of the lamellar body material. A small but significant increase in the percentage of @entity3634 and a small but significant decrease in @entity4357 were found in lamellar body material from cultures treated with @entity1955 and @entity1955 plus @entity701 . The disaturated @entity2434 content of the lamellar body material from culture was 28% of the total lamellar body phospholipid and was not affected by hormone treatment. This disaturated @entity2434 content was low compared to the disaturated @entity2434 of lamellar body material from adult lung (46%). The low proportion of disaturated @entity2434 was due to the unusual presence of @entity20765 (16:1(cis-9)), which was more than one-fourth of the total @entity844 of the lamellar body @entity2434 . It is possible that an abnormal delta 9 @entity844 desaturation activity was expressed in the lung tissue in vitro, which resulted in the high incorporation of the 16:1 @entity844 into lamellar body @entity2434 .

title: The phospholipids of lamellar body material from fetal @entity95 lung tissue in culture. Unusual @entity2434 XXXX profile.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity20765 :: ('MESH:C008757', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitoleic acid']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity3634 :: ('MESH:D010715', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylglycerol']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: Twenty-three @entity1 with @entity1582 were studied. They were grouped according to their clinical response and changes in @entity1582 globulin in the serum or urine while under chemotherapy. Sixteen responded favorably with clinical improvement and marked reduction in the respective M-globulins. Four did not respond and showed progression of disease, and three had short-lived clinical response with essentially unchanged @entity1582 -globulin values. @entity1 with @entity177 showed simultaneous improvement of @entity5507 and M-globulins in response to chemotherapy. Three @entity1 had solitary plasmacytomas when first seen, and dissemination occurred later in one. Combination of alkylating agents with @entity230 appeared to give faster, longer-lasting and more satisfactory clinical remissions, although the bone marrow may remain essentially unchanged. Radiation therapy was the most effective agent against @entity158 (without altering the M-globulin) when used alone. Twenty-two of the 23 @entity1 already had a significant decrease in IgM at the time @entity1582 was diagnosed. A diminution in IgM can be considered of diagnostic significance although the mechanism for this reduction is not known. It has been felt to involve a feed-back mechanism, where one immunoglobulin elevation results in a subsequent diminution in the other immunoglobulins.

title: XXXX . Clinical correlation of immunoglobulin changes with therapy. A report of 23 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'myeloma']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['localized pain']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['Multiple myeloma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Management of blunt @entity99 is predominantly nonoperative. However, complications occur in 10% to 25% of @entity1 , with half taking place more than 24 hours after injury. Few reports have addressed the management of the new pattern of these delayed complications, which is the objective of this study. METHODS: Adult @entity1 admitted to our level one @entity130 center from 1995 to 2000 with blunt @entity99 were identified. Demographic, physiologic and laboratory data, computed tomography (CT) and operative findings, and complications were reviewed. RESULTS: Blunt @entity99 was identified in 192 @entity1 . Thirty-nine @entity1 (20%) underwent immediate celiotomy. The remaining 153 @entity1 were initially managed nonoperatively. Liver-related complications developed in 19 (12%) @entity1 . Fifteen @entity1 underwent delayed celiotomy to treat secondary inflammatory processes, from @entity1157 (6), @entity548 (5), and @entity99 (1), and to treat @entity8479 (2), and decompress @entity99 (1). Although no @entity204 or complications were directly caused by delayed celiotomy, 2 @entity204 (11%), occurring early in this series, were attributed to liver-related complications. CONCLUSIONS: These complications, occurring in 12% of @entity1 with @entity99 , may be a consequence of initial nonoperative management. Although these findings do not negate nonoperative management of blunt @entity99 , this approach can be hazardous and requires diligence to recognize and treat delayed and potentially fatal complications.

title: Delayed celiotomy for the treatment of XXXX , compartment syndrome, and other hazards of nonoperative management of blunt @entity99 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity8479 :: ('MESH:D059325', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal compartment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic abscess', 'liver injuries', 'hepatic compartment syndrome', 'liver injury']

answer: @entity1157 :: (MESH:D001649,Disease) :: ['bile leak']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our group previously published data showing that @entity1 could be stratified by constructed molecular subtype with respect to locoregional recurrence (LRR)-free survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and breast-conserving therapy (BCT). That study predated use of trastuzumab for @entity1 @entity1722 ( @entity1722 )-positive @entity1 . The current study was undertaken to determine the impact of subtype and response to therapy in a contemporary cohort. METHODS: Clinicopathologic data from 751 @entity0 @entity1 who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (with trastuzumab if @entity1722 (+)) and BCT from 2005 to 2012 were identified. @entity5282 ( @entity5282 ) and @entity1722 status were used to construct molecular subtypes: @entity5282 (+)/ @entity1722 (-) (n  =  369), @entity5282 (+)/ @entity1722 (+) (n  =  105), @entity5282 (-)/ @entity1722 (+) (n  =  58), and @entity5282 (-)/ @entity1722 (-) (n  =  219). Actuarial rates of LRR were determined by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine factors associated with LRR. RESULTS: The pathologic complete response (pCR) rates by subtype were as follows: 16.5  % ( @entity5282 (+)/ @entity1722 (-)), 45.7  % ( @entity5282 (+)/ @entity1722 (+)), 72.4  % ( @entity5282 (-)/ @entity1722 (+)), and 42.0  % ( @entity5282 (-)/ @entity1722 (-)) (P  <  0.001). Median follow-up was 4.6  years. The 5-year LRR-free survival rate for all @entity1 was 95.4  %. Five-year LRR-free survival rates by subtype were 97.2  % ( @entity5282 (+)/ @entity1722 (-)), 96.1  % ( @entity5282 (+)/ @entity1722 (+)), 94.4  % ( @entity5282 (-)/ @entity1722 (+)), and 93.4  % ( @entity5282 (-)/ @entity1722 (-)) (P  =  0.44). For @entity1 with @entity5282 (-)/ @entity1722 (+) disease, the LRR-free survival rates were 97.4 and 86.7  % for those who did and those who did not experience pCR, respectively. For @entity1 with @entity5282 (-)/ @entity1722 (-) disease, the LRR-free survival rates were 98.6  % (pCR) versus 89.9  % (no pCR). On multivariate analysis, the @entity5282 (-)/ @entity1722 (-) subtype, clinical stage III disease, and failure to experience a pCR were associated with LRR. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 undergoing BCT after neoadjuvant chemotherapy have excellent rates of 5-year LRR-free survival that are affected by molecular subtype and by response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

title: Locoregional Control According to XXXX Subtype and Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in @entity0 @entity1 Undergoing Breast-conserving Therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5282 :: ('3164', 'Gene') :: ['HR', 'Hormone receptor']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1722 :: ('2064', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor 2', 'HER2']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A prospective, randomized trial was performed to evaluate the long-term outcome and @entity1 satisfaction of laparoscopic complete 360 degrees fundoplication compared with partial posterior 270 degrees fundoplication. Partial fundoplication is purported to have fewer side effects with a higher failure rate in controlling @entity354 ( @entity354 ), while complete fundoplication is thought to result in more @entity1282 and gas-related symptoms. METHODS: @entity1 were randomized to either laparoscopic Nissen (LN) or laparoscopic Toupet (LT) fundoplication. Esophageal manometry, 24-h pH studies, a detailed questionnaire, and a visual analog symptom (VAS) score were completed before and after surgery. A final global outcome questionnaire was performed. Failure was defined as recurrent @entity354 requiring revision surgery, maintenance proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy, or surgery for postoperative @entity1282 . RESULTS: One hundred @entity1 were randomized to LN (50) or LT (50). There were no differences between LN and LT with respect to postoperative symptoms and physiological variables except a higher wrap pressure in the LN group (15.2 vs. 12.0 mmHg). Dysmotility improved in 8/14 (57%) and 6/11 (54%) @entity1 in the LN group and the LT group, respectively, after surgery. There was no correlation between @entity4423 and @entity1282 both pre- and post surgery in the two groups. Recurrent symptoms of @entity354 occurred in 8/47 (17.0%) and 8/48 (16.6%) in the LN group and the LT group, respectively. Outcome of @entity1 with @entity4423 was similar to those with normal motility in both groups. At final follow-up (59.76 + or - 24.23 months), in the LN group, 33/37 (89.1%) would recommend surgery to others, 32/37 (86.4%) would have repeat surgery, and 34/37 (91.8%) felt they were better off than before surgery. The corresponding numbers for the LT group (follow-up = 55.18 + or - 25.97 months) were 35/36 (97.2%), 30/36 (83.3%), and 33/36 (91.6%). CONCLUSION: LN and LT are equally effective in restoring the lower esophageal sphincter function and provide similar long-term control of @entity354 with no difference in @entity1282 . @entity4423 had no influence on the outcome of either operation.

title: Long-term outcome of laparoscopic Nissen and laparoscopic Toupet fundoplication for XXXX : a prospective, randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4423 :: ('MESH:D015154', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal dysmotility', 'dysmotility']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity17433 (collodion baby) is a cornification disorder classified under the category of @entity74 and characterized by @entity5656 . Early-stage retinoid treatment has been shown to improve survival in these @entity1 . In this article, a @entity17433 case is presented of an @entity1 who had the symptoms at birth and was treated successfully with @entity14028 . CASE PRESENTATION: A term newborn @entity1 presented after delivery. Physical examination showed that the skin on her @entity2133 , neck, axillae, and inguinal fold areas had collodion membranes and peelings. On the third day of life, the skin all over her body became dry and seemed similar to parchment paper, with peeling in some areas, as well as ectropion and eclabium development. After her daily bath, liquid Vaseline was applied all over her body, but it did not provide enough benefits. The @entity1 was started on @entity14028 treatment. On the 14(th) day of treatment, the skin appeared nearly normal. On the 28(th) day of life, the @entity1 was discharged. CONCLUSIONS: Early oral @entity554 treatment facilitates increased quality of life improves survival rates for @entity5657 @entity1 .

title: Congenital Ichthyosis: A Case Treated Successfully With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity14028 :: ('MESH:D017255', 'Chemical') :: ['acitretin']

entities_list: @entity5656 :: ('MESH:D017488', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkeratosis']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['outer mouth']

entities_list: @entity17433 :: ('MESH:D017490', 'Disease') :: ['Lamellar ichthyosis', 'lamellar ichthyosis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis']

entities_list: @entity5657 :: ('MESH:D007057', 'Disease') :: ['ichthyosis']

entities_list: @entity554 :: ('CHEBI:26537', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoid']

answer: @entity14028 :: (MESH:D017255,Chemical) :: ['Acitretin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We report a 13-year-old female @entity1 followed since birth for multiple rare @entity154 , including @entity3798 , @entity8721 , and severe dilatation of the ascending aorta. METHODS: Comprehensive phenotype assessment throughout childhood included repeated echocardiographic measurements, evaluation of renal function, and immunohistochemical analysis of skin biopsy samples. Whole-exome sequencing was performed for the @entity1 and both unaffected parents. RESULTS: We identified a novel de novo mutation in the transcription factor @entity58599 ( @entity6869 :p.Gln161*) in the @entity1 , which was absent in all unaffected family members. Echocardiography revealed early onset and progressive dilatation of the ascending aorta. Skin biopsy results confirmed the defects of the blood vasculature in the presence of intact lymphatic vessels. Assessment of renal function did not show any signs of @entity8 or @entity177 in the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The genetic finding of a pathogenic @entity58599 mutation enabled the diagnosis of the rare @entity3798 - @entity8721 in our @entity1 . The identification of a novel stop gain mutation in the @entity58599 gene in association with dilatation of the aorta highlights the importance of this gene during the development of the circulatory system. Our study highlights the importance of whole-exome sequencing in the rapid identification of genes and gene mutations involved in rare conditions and thus expanding the knowledge and spectrum of clinical manifestations associated with them.

title: Aortic Dilatation Associated With a De Novo Mutation in  the  @entity58599 Gene: Expanding the Clinical Spectrum of  @entity3798 - XXXX .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital defects']

entities_list: @entity3798 :: ('MESH:D007039', 'Disease') :: ['hypotrichosis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal problems']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasia', 'lymphedema-telangiectasia syndrome']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

answer: @entity8721 :: (MESH:D013684,Disease) :: ['Lymphedema-Telangiectasia Syndrome']


abstract: For a better understanding of the formal pathogenesis of @entity1575 , the @entity409 was investigated three dimensionally. The histological reconstruction method, using serial histological sections, was adopted for the three-dimensional observation. Histology of the case showed @entity3619 with occasional fibrous bridging of the portal to portal tract or hepatic vein. Graphic reconstructions revealed various degrees of altered angioarchitecture from place to place. While the conducting portion of the portal vein was almost preserved, the pathological changes mostly began at the parenchymal portion, especially second step or subsequent branches of the portal vein. In general, portal vein branches showed damage such as stenoses, disappearance, an increase and decrease in number and distorted spatial arrangements. Even in less damaged portal tracts, portal veins showed such changes to some extent. In severely damaged places with bridging @entity82 , a normal lobular angioarchitecture was completely lost; instead, portal veins, arteries and hepatic veins were tangled with each other. Parenchymal nutrition was suggested to be dependent on the remaining third-step portal branches or newly formed ones. However, the hepatic vein system had a tendency to be preserved and distributed fluently in the parenchyma. The distortion of these portal vessels indicated various degrees of loss of the lobular architecture. In conclusion, it is suggested that an early histological sign of @entity82 develops in the course of @entity3619 .

title: Three-dimensional observations on the alterations of lobular architecture in XXXX with special reference to its angioarchitecture for a better understanding of the formal pathogenesis of @entity1575 .

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic active hepatitis', 'chronic hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['angioarchitecture of the liver lobule in chronic viral hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

answer: @entity3619 :: (MESH:D006521,Disease) :: ['chronic hepatitis']