abstract: AIM: To compare the pregnancy outcome, in particular gestational age and birth weight in @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) diagnosed before and after pregnancy, and to review data on presence or absence of the antiphospholipid (aPL) antibody and flares of disease activity. METHOD: Case histories were reviewed of @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity1252 and an obstetric event attending Monash Medical Centre (MMC) over an eight year period (1988-96). Fifty-four pregnancies in 28 @entity1 were studied, with 44 occurring after the diagnosis of @entity1252 (Group 1) and ten prior to the diagnosis of @entity1252 (Group 2). RESULTS: In Group 1 there were 25 live births (63%) with 16 full term and nine premature deliveries, 12 @entity2208 , three foetal deaths in utero and four elective terminations. In Group 2 there were seven live births (70%), two @entity2208 and one @entity204 in utero. The mean gestational age of live births was 35.8 weeks and 39.2 weeks respectively (p < 0.001). The mean birth weight of live births was 2448 g and 3030 g respectively (p < 0.023). a PL antibodies were positive in eight of 26 @entity1 tested with three live births and were negative in 18 of 26 @entity1 with 12 live births. Flares of disease activity occurred in 17 of 28 pregnancies. CONCLUSION: Pregnancy in @entity1 with a predisposition to @entity1252 have a high risk of an adverse outcome. @entity922 confers an additional risk. The mean gestational age and birth weight were significantly less in @entity1 with @entity66 . Mild flares in disease activity resulted in a favourable outcome while renal flares had a worse outcome.

title: Pregnancy outcome in @entity1252 ( XXXX ): a review of 54 cases.

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortions']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['established disease']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['foetal death']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['Clinical disease']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['SLE']


abstract: To determine whether choice of material used for patch closure following @entity2998 ( @entity2998 ) influences rates of early or late restenosis, @entity64 , and @entity204 , 274 consecutive CAEs were retrospectively reviewed. Saphenous vein (SV) was used in 159 (58.0%) procedures; everted, double-thickness jugular vein (JV) was used in 25 (9.1%); and knitted Dacron (KD) was used in 90 (32.9%). Primary closure was not used in this series. There were four perioperative @entity64 : two (1.3%) in SV, one (4%) in JV, and one (1.1%) in KD ( @entity7031 ). Follow-up was obtained on 263 (96%) operated arteries (mean 41.5 months). Duplex scan results were available for 236 (89.7%) of these arteries (mean follow-up time 33.7 months). There were three (2%) late @entity64 in SV and two (2.2%) in KD ( @entity7031 ). In long-term follow-up, one @entity1 (0.7%) in SV and two (2.4%) in KD developed > 80% @entity850 ( @entity7031 ). One @entity1 (0.7%) in SV, one (5.3%) in JV, and one (1.2%) in KD had total occlusion of the operated vessel ( @entity7031 ). Three procedures (2.2%) in SV, 1 (5.3%) in JV, and 7 (8.5%) in KD demonstrated moderate @entity850 (50-79%) ( @entity7031 ). Three-year follow-up shows that choice of patch material does not affect early or late @entity64 rate, @entity64 -related @entity204 rate, rate of high-grade (> 80%) restenosis, or rate of total occlusion. There is a higher incidence of moderate @entity850 in KD. Although our results and a review of the literature do not indicate that these @entity1 are at increased risk for symptoms or progression of @entity850 , they should be followed by duplex scanning to ensure that this is the case.

title: Long-term follow-up of saphenous vein, internal jugular vein, and knitted Dacron patches for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery endarterectomy', 'CAE']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity2998 :: (MESH:D002340,Disease) :: ['carotid artery endarterectomy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The usefulness of @entity228 therapy for @entity299 has not yet been fully clarified. METHODS: Of 40 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity299 , twenty @entity1 complicated by @entity713 but normal cardiac function (left ventricular ejection fraction > or = 50%) were divided retrospectively into one group (n = 7) receiving @entity288 and another (n = 13) not receiving these agents. Over a mean observation period of 79.4 +/- 39.9 months, long-term outcome and laboratory findings were compared between the two groups and side effects also were noted. RESULTS: There were no deaths in the @entity228 -treated group. In the untreated group, 2 @entity1 died (15.4%). @entity713 resolved in 4 of the 7 @entity1 in the treated group (57.1%), but did not resolve or improve in any of the untreated @entity1 (p < 0.05). Left ventricular ejection fraction did not differ significantly between the treated and untreated groups at the time of initial evaluation (66.7 +/- 6.5% vs. 60.5 +/- 6.4%). In the follow-up period, a marked decline in the ejection fraction had occurred in the untreated group (37.6 +/- 17.3%), but not in the treated group (62.1 +/- 4.4%; p < 0.005). @entity1165 was not present at the initial assessment in any @entity1 in either group. In the follow-up period, @entity1165 occurred in only 1 of 7 treated @entity1 (14.3%), but was present in 8 of 13 untreated @entity1 (61.5%; p < 0.05). However, side effects of @entity228 therapy were noted in 6 of the 7 treated @entity1 (85.7%). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that @entity288 are useful in the treatment of @entity299 complicated by @entity713 but with normal cardiac function. However, these agents must be used with caution, with the maintenance dose kept as low as possible.

title: Efficacy of @entity288 in sarcoidosis presenting with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular tachycardia', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block', 'Atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity713 :: (MESH:D054537,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular block']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity12290 is a common cause of adult acquired @entity85 . The cause of @entity12290 is often multifactorial and may include @entity7184 , poor blood supply to the tendon, and, rarely, @entity397 . CASE DESCRIPTION: We present the case of a 69-year-old male with @entity12290 secondary to a @entity130 that occurred directly into the posterior tibial tendon. This injury led to an acquired adult @entity85 that ultimately required surgical reconstruction. At the time of surgery, the posterior tibial tendon was severely degenerative at the site of skin penetration. LITERATURE REVIEW: Previous case reports of @entity130 describe full-thickness skin penetration with a subsequent inflammatory response and large zone of @entity16925 . This is the first reported case of stingray @entity130 and @entity5900 directly into tendon with subsequent @entity409 . CLINICAL RELEVANCE: There are thousands of stingray injuries in the United States annually. Injuries vary in severity depending on the type of stingray, size of stingray, and depth and location of injury. For certain injuries, such as direct penetration into tendon, early irrigation and debridement may limit subsequent deficits caused by progressive @entity409 . LEVELS OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, Level IV: Case study.

title: Unique Case of Posterior Tibial XXXX After Stingray Strike.

entities_list: @entity7184 :: ('MESH:D012090', 'Disease') :: ['repetitive microtrauma']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['tendon dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic rupture']

entities_list: @entity16925 :: ('MESH:D017441', 'Disease') :: ['necrobiosis']

entities_list: @entity12290 :: ('MESH:D037081', 'Disease') :: ['posterior tibial tendon dysfunction', 'Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['flatfoot deformity']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['stingray injury', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity5900 :: ('MESH:D012909', 'Disease') :: ['envenomation']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Tendon Dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We retrospectively evaluated the results of surgical treatment for anterior abdominal wall - @entity5 . METHODS: Records for 13 @entity1 operated on for @entity5 from 1997-2013 were searched for age, gender, abdominal/pelvic surgical history, pregnancy, @entity4511 , pre-operative radiological examinations, @entity5 size, multifocality, surgical procedure, @entity5 presence at surgical margins, recurrence, morbidity, and mortality. Local recurrence-free survival probabilities were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and stratified by various clinicopathological variables. RESULTS: There were 11 female (84,6%) and 2 male (15,4%) @entity1 with a median age of 36 years. Seven (53,8%) - @entity1 had previous abdominal/pelvic surgery, five (38,5%) had a history of pregnancy, and one (7,6%) had @entity4511 . Two (15,3%) @entity1 had multifocality on their pre-operative radiological examinations. Mean @entity5 -diameter was 4,6 cm (SD 3,2 cm ; range 2-12 cm). After the excision of the masses in five (38,5%) @entity1 , synthetic materials were used to close the abdominal wall defects. Two (15,3%) @entity1 with positive surgical margins after -surgery were re-operated. Three (23%) @entity1 required a second surgical intervention after the mass excisions were performed. Mean follow-up time was 56,7 months. Recurrence was observed in three @entity1 during follow-up. Increased @entity5 size, history of previous abdominal/pelvic surgery, and the presence of multifocality had a negative effect on local recurrence-free survival. There was no mortality during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 are characterized by high recurrence, even after proper surgical excisions. Preoperative differential diagnoses of these @entity5 should be done and a post-operative follow-up protocol should be followed.

title: Results of surgical treatment of anterior XXXX : 13 cases reviewed with literature.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Desmoid tumours', 'desmoid tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4511 :: ('MESH:D005736', 'Disease') :: ["Gardner's syndrome", "Gardner's Syndrome"]

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['abdominal wall desmoid tumours']


abstract: CONTEXT: In majority of couples experiencing recurrent @entity393 (RPL), etiology is still unknown. Two genetic factors have been suggested to underlie @entity2208 in a subset of @entity1 , namely skewed X chromosome inactivation in females and Y chromosome microdeletions in their partners. In males, microdeletions of the Y chromosome are known to cause spermatogenetic failure and @entity4810 . AIMS: The aim of the study was to find out the role of Y chromosome microdeletion in male partners of couples experiencing RPL. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: University hospital and genetic laboratory. Prospective case-control study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 59 couples with a history of RPL and 20 fertile controls (FC) with no @entity2208 were included in the study. The study subjects were divided into male partners of RPL couples with @entity854 ( @entity854 ) (n = 8), and couples with normal semen parameters (NS) (n = 51). Fertile controls with normal semen parameters were (FC) (n = 20). Y chromosome microdeletion was performed on 40 male partners of RPL and 20 FC. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Chi-square test. P <0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: 13 of the 40 RPL cases showed deletion in three @entity3893 factor loci on the long arm of Y chromosome. The P value was significant with Y chromosome microdeletion in RPL cases as compared to 20 FC where no Y chromosome microdeletion was present. CONCLUSIONS: Y chromosome microdeletion may be an important hidden cause of recurrent pregnancy @entity2208 and can be offered to couples with the undiagnosed cause of @entity2208 .

title: Microdeletion of Y chromosome as a cause of recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['miscarriage']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male infertility']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'abnormal semen parameters']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy loss']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['pregnancy loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) is an immunomodulatory drug, and its use in @entity29 has previously been reported. The aim of this study was to review the Leeds Colitis Clinic experience of the safety and efficacy of @entity2098 in treating @entity1 with refractory @entity30 ( @entity30 ) and @entity31 ( @entity31 ). This is an extension of a previously published study from our center with a longer follow-up period and approximately twice the number of @entity1 . METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed of the records of all @entity1 treated with @entity2098 for @entity29 over a 5-year period. RESULTS: Of 70 @entity1 identified, 67 had previously been treated with @entity500 unsuccessfully. Seventeen of the 70 @entity1 had been successfully maintained in remission with @entity2098 for an average duration of 33 months. Treatment with @entity2098 was discontinued for 53 @entity1 , 17 because of side effects and 36 because they had not responded to the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In our series, 17 @entity1 (24.3%) had a sustained steroid-free remission with @entity2098 therapy. Nineteen @entity1 (27%) experienced side effects, of which 17 (24.3% of the total group) had to discontinue therapy. An additional 36 (51.4%) required an escalation in medical therapy or surgery because of failure of the @entity2098 therapy. @entity2098 may have a role in the treatment of refractory @entity29 , especially in @entity1 who have previously failed standard therapies such as @entity500 .

title: Mycophenolate mofetil therapy for refractory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['Mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most @entity1 with @entity2701 treat @entity10 episodes with over-the-counter medication. Combination analgesics containing @entity5834 may be more effective and as well tolerated as monotherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of @entity117 , @entity1443 ( @entity1443 ) and @entity5834 in @entity2701 using recently recommended endpoints. METHODS: Four randomized, controlled trials of identical design in 1,900 @entity1 with @entity2701 comparing @entity117 , @entity1443 and @entity5834 vs. @entity1443 or placebo were pooled. Analysis populations were 'all @entity10 episodes' and those with 'severe @entity158 at baseline'. Post-hoc defined primary endpoint: @entity10 episodes @entity158 -free at 2  h. Secondary endpoints: @entity10 episodes @entity158 -free at 1  h, @entity10 response at 2  h (mild or no @entity158 ), degree of interference with daily activities. RESULTS: 6,861 @entity10 episodes were treated, including 2,215 severe @entity10 episodes. The proportion of @entity10 episodes @entity158 -free at 2  h was significantly higher with the triple combination (28.5%) vs. @entity1443 (21.0%) and placebo (18.0%) (p   <   0.0001), and similarly for those severe at baseline (20.2% vs. 12.1% and 10.8%; p    <=   0.0003). A similar pattern of superiority was observed for secondary endpoints. The triple combination was generally well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of @entity117 , @entity1443 and @entity5834 is effective and well tolerated in @entity2701 , and significantly superior to @entity1443 with regard to being @entity158 -free at 2  h, @entity10 response at 2  h and ability to return to daily activities, even in those with @entity158 rated severe at baseline.

title: Use of a fixed combination of @entity117 , @entity1443 and @entity5834 compared with @entity1443 alone in XXXX : meta-analysis of four randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover studies.

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol', 'acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity2701 :: ('MESH:D018781', 'Disease') :: ['episodic tension-type headache']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity2701 :: (MESH:D018781,Disease) :: ['episodic tension-type headache']


abstract: This speculative paper concerns certain fundamentals of healing and psychotherapy which we mistakenly tend to take for granted. I discuss our need for the feeling of harmony, @entity15531 , and oneness. I call this archetypal need our 'normal autistic expectation'. When met, we experience well-being and 'healing'. If not sufficiently and reliably met, this expectation becomes an omnipotent demand ('autistic demand'). Frustration then brings about angry destructiveness, either outwardly directed or inwardly directed, with bodily changes which must be processed if bodily damage is to be minimized. Bereavement, the loss of a @entity1 necessary for one's feeling of @entity15531 (a 'self-object'), is an extreme and well-researched example of such damage. Our selfobjects are 'healing' when they help us to complete our sense of self. Our @entity1 -, our profession, our colleagues, our place of work and our financial security are normally all part of our self-object structure. I give examples where @entity1 ' own needs for survival or intactness mean that they have to externalize their own hurt and anger for long periods of their therapy. This often means that the therapist's own @entity15531 and health are under attack, and even damaged permanently, or at least until the damage can be processed. The nature of 'processing' in this sense is therefore in need of energetic research.

title: Possible psychosomatic hazards to the therapist: XXXX as self-objects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2008 are one of the most important prognostic factors in @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). However, only a limited number of @entity1 have such informative @entity2008 . The prognostic value of immunophenotyping in this disease is still unclear. METHODS: Seven hundred and eighty-three newly diagnosed @entity3052 @entity1 treated in the German SHG- @entity3052 trials in 1991 and 1996 were analyzed with a panel of 33 antibodies. Expression was correlated to overall survival, complete remission-rate, and complete remission duration, and tested in a multivariate analysis including other clinical and biological markers. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 4.3 years, @entity1 with @entity3052 blasts negative for @entity6460 , @entity9536 , @entity10793 , @entity2280 , and @entity1427 , or positive for @entity5824 , @entity1116 , @entity3053 , @entity10685 , and @entity3335 had superior overall survival. This effect was associated with a significantly higher complete remission rate ( @entity10793 , @entity2280 , @entity1427 , and @entity10685 ) or a longer complete remission duration ( @entity6460 , @entity9536 , and @entity10685 ). Cox-regression analysis, including cytogenetic, morphologic, and biologic parameters showed @entity6460 , @entity10793 , @entity2280 , and @entity10685 as independent factors for overall survival. These markers were used for a prognostic score. @entity1 were pooled in three groups with highly significant differences of overall survival. The prognostic relevance of this score was confirmed in @entity1 with normal karyotype and/or in younger @entity1 </= 60 years. CONCLUSIONS: Immunophenotyping is not only helpful for diagnosis but is of independent significance for prognosis, and may be useful for risk stratification in @entity3052 @entity1 .

title: Immunophenotyping is an independent factor for risk stratification in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities', 'Chromosomal abnormalities']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['AML']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ultraviolet radiation is thought to play a causative role in various @entity2194 such as @entity1020 , @entity231 , and possibly @entity320 . Since most of the energy is absorbed by pigmented cells, the aim of this study was to examine and compare the reactions of different ocular melanocytic cells to ultraviolet light in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity291 iris melanocytes, choroidal melanocytes, iris pigment epithelial cells, and retinal pigment epithelial cells were isolated and cultured. Semiconfluent cultures were exposed to ultraviolet radiation (280-380 nm). Cell number and melanin content were measured 10 days after radiation. Selected samples were examined by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: Following irradiation with ultraviolet light for 30 s, 60 s, and 120 s, the number of cells in culture decreased markedly. In contrast, total melanin content in the cultures of iris melanocytes, choroidal melanocytes, and iris pigment epithelial cells did not decrease despite the reduced number of cells. This finding suggested an increase in melanin per cell. However, the increase in average melanin content observed was not due to melanogenesis, because treatment with the melanogenesis inhibitor @entity8490 did not reduce the melanin content of the cultures and electron-microscopic examination showed no morphological evidence of increased melanogenesis. CONCLUSION: In vitro, there was no convincing evidence of ultraviolet radiation-induced melanogenesis in ocular pigmented cells. Thus, it seems that ultraviolet radiation is a selection factor: more densely pigmented cells survive the treatment better than less pigmented cells.

title: Effect of ultraviolet radiation on melanogenesis in four different types of cultured XXXX ocular pigmented cells.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular diseases']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity8490 :: ('CHEBI:6912', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanomas']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: PURPOSE: There is limited literature on nonoperative treatment of open type I @entity4806 fractures. Our purpose was to evaluate the rate of @entity281 in @entity4806 @entity1 with @entity4422 treated nonoperatively at our institution without admission from the @entity341  ( @entity341 ). METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of all @entity1 who sustained a type I open @entity174 of the forearm or tibia from 2000 through 2013. Forty @entity1 fit the inclusion criteria: <18  years old with type I open @entity174 treated nonoperatively with irrigation and debridement, followed by closed reduction and casting of the @entity174 under conscious sedation in the @entity341 . All @entity1 were discharged home. The primary outcome was presence of @entity281 . Secondary outcomes included occurrence of a delayed union, time to union, complications, and residual angulation. RESULTS: There were no reported or documented infections. There was one case of a retained foreign body (<1  cm) in a mid-diaphyseal forearm @entity174 , which was removed in clinic at 4  weeks after the @entity1 developed a @entity738 with no infectious sequela. There was one case of a delayed union; all @entity1 eventually had complete bony union. There was minimal residual angulation in both upper and lower extremities at last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Nonoperative treatment of @entity4422 in @entity4806 @entity1 can be performed safely with little risk of @entity281 . This preliminary evidence may serve as a foundation for future prospective studies.

title: Is nonoperative treatment of XXXX @entity4422 safe and effective?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4422 :: ('MESH:D005597', 'Disease') :: ['type I open fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity4806 :: ('MESH:D063766', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity4806 :: (MESH:D063766,Disease) :: ['pediatric']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity286 , @entity167 and @entity281 are associated with increased risk of @entity213 . However, little is known about the underlying signaling events influencing risk. We aimed to investigate the relationship between these risk factors and @entity584 phosphorylation, to determine prognostic value. METHOD: VEGF-positive @entity213 biopsies, with known HPV status, were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for @entity584 , phosphorylated at residues S473 and T308. Comparisons between the tissues were carried out using a Mann-Whitney U test. Associations between the variables and continuous immunohistochemical parameters were evaluated with general linear models. @entity1 characteristics and pAkt IHC score were analyzed for possible association with overall survival by Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry revealed that @entity5 @entity1 had significantly higher levels of pAkt T308 than S473 (P   <   0.001). Smoking and @entity167 were found to be independent risk factors for @entity584 phosphorylation at T308 (P   =   0.022 and 0.027, respectively). @entity1 with @entity5 positive for HPV or pAkt S473 had a poorer prognosis (P   =   0.005, and 0.004, respectively). @entity1 who were heavy drinkers were 49 times more likely to die than non-drinkers (P   =   0.003). @entity1 with low pAkt T308 were more likely to be HPV positive (P   =   0.028). Non-drinkers were also found to have lower levels of pAkt T308 and were more likely to have @entity5 positive for HPV than heavy drinkers (P   =   0.044 and 0.007, respectively). CONCLUSION: This study suggests different mechanisms of @entity105 are initiated by smoking, @entity167 and HPV. Our data propose higher phosphorylation of @entity584 at T308 as a reliable biomarker for smoking and @entity167 induced @entity213 progression and higher phosphorylation of @entity584 at S473 as a prognostic factor for @entity213 .

title: Activation of @entity584 at T308 and S473 in XXXX , @entity286 and HPV-induced @entity213 : is there evidence to support a prognostic or diagnostic role?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: The main strategy used for the detection of circulating @entity5 cells (CTC) and micrometastases in solid @entity5 is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of tissue specific messenger RNA present in the @entity5 cells. PCR was more sensitive than conventional techniques, allowing the identification of one @entity5 cell diluted into 1 mL of blood. PCR was shown to be specific in most studies related to the detection of CTC and marrow micrometastases in @entity320 and @entity263 ( @entity263 ). PCR positivity for thyroid markers was reported in the blood of control subjects. Large variations in the PCR positivity rates and the prognostic value of these assays have been encountered in @entity263 and @entity320 . There was a correlation between PCR and stage in some but not all the studies. Despite these discrepancies, many investigators have shown PCR to be predictive of outcome in @entity263 and especially in @entity320 . PCR in blood and bone marrow was an independent predictor of overall and disease-free survival in @entity320 @entity1 rendered surgically free of disease. These tests may help better stratify @entity1 for radical surgeries and adjuvant therapy. Large prospective and interlaboratory studies are needed to confirm the accuracy and prognostic value of these assays.

title: Review: polymerase chain reaction detection of micrometastases and circulating @entity5 cells: application to XXXX , prostate, and thyroid carcinomas.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['PC', 'prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relationship between changes in endocardial cushion and resultant @entity299 ( @entity299 ) has yet to be established. It has been shown that increased regurgitant flow early in embryonic heart development leads to @entity4007 , but it remains unclear how abnormal endocardial cushions during the looping stages might affect the fully septated heart. The goal of this study was to reproducibly alter blood flow in vivo and then quantify the resultant effects on morphology of endocardial cushions in the looping heart and on CHDs in the septated heart. METHODS: Optical pacing was applied to create regurgitant flow in @entity299 , and optical coherence tomography (OCT) was utilized to quantify regurgitation and morphology. Embryonic quail hearts were optically paced at 3 Hz (180 bpm, well above intrinsic rate 60-110 bpm) at stage 13 of development (3-4 weeks @entity1 ) for 5 min. Pacing fatigued the heart and led to at least 1 h of increased regurgitant flow. Resultant morphological changes were quantified with OCT imaging at stage 19 (cardiac looping-4-5 weeks @entity1 ) or stage 35 (4 chambered heart-8 weeks @entity1 ). RESULTS: All paced embryos imaged at stage 19 displayed structural changes in cardiac cushions. The amount of regurgitant flow immediately after pacing was inversely correlated with cardiac cushion size 24-h post pacing (P value   <   .01). The embryos with the most regurgitant flow and smallest cushions after pacing had a decreased survival rate at 8 days (P < .05), indicating that those most severe @entity4007 were lethal. Of the embryos that survived to stage 35, 17/18 exhibited CHDs including @entity340 , @entity1757 , hypoplastic ventricles, and common AV canal. CONCLUSION: The data illustrate a strong inverse relationship in which regurgitant flow precedes abnormal and smaller cardiac cushions, resulting in the development of CHDs.

title: Increased regurgitant flow causes @entity4007 in an avian embryonic model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4007 :: ('MESH:D004694', 'Disease') :: ['endocardial cushion defects']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defects']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic hearts', 'CHD', 'congenital heart diseases']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve defects']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Harm reduction is an evidence-based, effective response to @entity645 transmission and other harms faced by @entity1 who inject drugs, and is explicitly supported by the Global Fund to Fight @entity791 , @entity378 and @entity311 . In spite of this, @entity1 who inject drugs continue to have poor and inequitable access to these services and face widespread stigma and discrimination. In 2013, the Global Fund launched a new funding model-signalling the end of the previous rounds-based model that had operated since its founding in 2002. This study updates previous analyses to assess Global Fund investments in harm reduction interventions for the duration of the rounds-based model, from 2002 to 2014. METHODS: Global Fund @entity645 and @entity1906 / @entity645 grant documents from 2002 to 2014 were reviewed to identify grants that contained activities for @entity1 who inject drugs. Data were collected from detailed grant budgets, and relevant budget lines were recorded and analysed to determine the resources allocated to different interventions that were specifically targeted at @entity1 who inject drugs. RESULTS: 151 grants for 58 countries, plus one regional proposal, contained activities targeting @entity1 who inject drugs-for a total investment of @entity10479  620million. Two-thirds of this budgeted amount was for interventions in the "comprehensive package" defined by the United Nations. 91% of the identified amount was for Eastern Europe and Asia. CONCLUSION: This study represents an updated, comprehensive assessment of Global Fund investments in harm reduction from its founding (2002) until the start of the new funding model (2014). It also highlights the overall shortfall of harm reduction funding, with the estimated global need being @entity10479  2.3billion for harm reduction in 2015 alone. Using this baseline, the Global Fund must carefully monitor its new funding model and ensure that investments in harm reduction are maintained or scaled-up. There are widespread concerns regarding the withdrawal from middle-income countries where harm reduction remains essential and unfunded through other sources: for example, 15% of the identified investments were for countries which are now ineligible for Global Fund support.

title: The Global Fund to Fight XXXX , @entity378 and @entity311 's investments in harm reduction through the rounds-based funding model (2002-2014).

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE: To evaluate differences in sedentary time and compare levels of physical activity and sedentary behavior to the Australian physical activity recommendations between toddlers with @entity306 ( @entity306 ) according to functional capacity (Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS]) and age-matched @entity1 with typical development (CTD). METHODS: @entity1 (2.4    0.5 yr old) were split into CTD (n = 20), GMFCS I-II (n = 32), GMFCS III (n = 14), and GMFCS IV-V (n = 12) groups and wore a triaxial ActiGraph   for 3 d. Validated cut points were applied to identify sedentary and active time and the number and duration of sedentary bouts and breaks for each group. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc testing, chi-square analysis, and the Fisher exact test were used to compare groups. RESULTS: No difference between the CTD group (49%) and GMFCS I-II group (52%) was found for sedentary time as a percentage of wear time. The GMFCS III group was more sedentary than both these groups (62%, P < 0.05). The GMFCS IV-V group was more sedentary than all the other groups (74%, P < 0.05). The CTD group and GMFCS I-II group was more likely to spend 180 min or longer in active play on all 3 d than the GMFCS IV-V group (P < 0.05). The GMFCS IV-V group was more likely to have sedentary bouts >= 60 min or longer than all other groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Differences in sedentary behavior between the CTD and mildly impaired @entity1 with @entity306 (GMFCS I-II) are not evident in the toddler years. @entity1 with moderate-to-severe functional impairment are progressively more sedentary and less likely to meet physical activity guidelines. Further research into the health implications of high levels of sedentary behavior in toddlers is required.

title: Sedentary and Active Time in Toddlers with and without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['Cerebral Palsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High-flexion TKA prostheses are designed to improve flexion and clinical outcomes. Increased knee flexion can increase implant loads and fixation stresses, creating concerns of @entity177 . Whether these goals can be achieved without @entity177 is unclear. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We assessed @entity158 relief, knee motion, function, incidence of @entity177 , and radiographic appearance in @entity1 with a mobile-bearing high-flexion TKA and determined whether preoperative knee flexion affects postoperative knee flexion. @entity1 AND METHODS: We prospectively followed all 142 @entity1 implanted with 154 mobile-bearing high-flexion TKAs between 2004 and 2007. We obtained Knee Society scores (KSS) and assessed radiographs for loosening. Minimum followup was 24 months (mean, 46 months; range, 24-79 months). RESULTS: Average knee flexion improved from 123   to 129  . @entity1 with preoperative flexion of 100   to 120   had a greater postoperative flexion increase (mean, 13  ; range, 114  -126  ) than @entity1 with preoperative flexion of greater than 120   (mean, 3.0  ; range, 128  -131  ). The mean KSS improved from 41 to 95 postoperatively. @entity1 with preoperative flexion of less than 120   had a greater improvement in KSS (62 versus 48). Posterior femoral radiolucent lines were observed in 43% without evidence of prosthetic loosening. CONCLUSIONS: Our data were similar to those reported in @entity1 implanted with traditional and other designs of high-flexion TKA. We found no increased incidence of @entity177 , although a higher than expected incidence of posterior femoral radiolucent lines merit continued observation. @entity1 with less preoperative motion were more likely to benefit from a high-flexion TKA.

title: Can a high-flexion total knee arthroplasty relieve XXXX and restore function without @entity177 ?

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['premature failure', 'premature failures']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the predictive value of three-dimensional (3D)-power Doppler sonography on recurrent @entity2208 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study @entity1 were divided into a recurrent @entity2208 group (30 cases) and a normal pregnancy group (21 cases). Measurement of endometrial thickness was performed using two-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound in the midluteal phase. The endometrial volume, vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI), and @entity455 ( @entity455 ) in midluteal and placenta volume, as well as the VI, FI, and @entity455 of early pregnancy were measured using Virtual Organ Computer-aided Analysis of 3D-power Doppler ultrasound. RESULTS: Endometrial thickness, endometrial volume, endometrial vascular data, VI, FI, and @entity455 of the midluteal phase were lower in the recurrent @entity2208 group compared with the normal pregnancy group (p  <  0.05). Placental volume, VI, and @entity455 during early pregnancy were lower in the @entity2208 group compared with the normal pregnancy group (p  <  0.05). There was no significant change in FI between the recurrent @entity2208 and control groups during early pregnancy (p  >  0.05). The predictive accuracy of endometrial thickness, endometrial volume, VI, FI, and @entity455 in the midluteal phase, and placenta volume, VI, FI, and @entity455 in early pregnancy as measured by the receiver operating characteristic curve to predict @entity2208 before 12 gestational weeks in @entity1 was 0.681, 0.876, 0.770, 0.720, 0.879, 0.771, 0.907, 0.592, respectively. CONCLUSION: The 3D-power Doppler ultrasound is a more comprehensive and sensitive method for evaluating endometrial receptivity. Endometrial volume, VI, FI, and @entity455 in the midluteal phase, as well as VI in early pregnancy, can be considered as predictive factors for recurrent @entity2208 .

title: Decreased endometrial vascularity and receptivity in unexplained recurrent XXXX @entity1 during midluteal and early pregnancy phases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['miscarriage']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['VFI', 'vascularization-flow index']

answer: @entity2208 :: (MESH:D000022,Disease) :: ['miscarriage']


abstract: @entity295 is defined as the systemic inflammatory response to @entity281 . @entity3900 ( @entity3900 ) plays an important role in @entity32 processes by initiating the production of inflammatory mediators. The role of cytosolic PLA ( @entity3901 ) has not yet been identified in inflammatory and infectious disease clinical settings. The aim of the present research was to determine whether @entity3901 ) activity has a role during @entity295 . Since neutrophil activation has been documented during @entity295 , these cells were chosen as a model to evaluate the function of @entity3901 ) in this clinical setting. @entity3901 )was studied at 3 levels: activity, protein expression, and messenger RNA (mRNA). Neutrophils from 32 septic @entity1 with and without @entity2259 were examined. @entity3901 ) activity was measured using labeled @entity2434 vesicles as a substrate, and total @entity3900 was determined by the release of labeled @entity1426 from prelabeled cells. A significant increase in @entity3901 activity, protein expression, and total @entity3900 activity in neutrophils was detected during @entity295 . mRNA levels, detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, were significantly higher during @entity295 , indicating that the increase in the amount of @entity3901 ) is regulated on the mRNA level. The significant elevation of @entity3901 ) activity and expression in neutrophils during @entity295 suggests that this enzyme plays a major role in neutrophil function in this clinical setting. (Blood. 2000;95:660-665)

title: Elevated cytosolic @entity3900 expression and activity in @entity1 neutrophils during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Sepsis']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidyl choline']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to facilitate interpretation of @entity38817 (MAG3) diuretic scans by identifying key interpretative variables and developing a predictive model for computer-assisted diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-seven studies were randomly selected from an archived database of MAG3 baseline and @entity1483 acquisitions and scan interpretations (obstruction, equivocal finding, or no obstruction) derived from a consensus of three experts. Sixty-one studies (120 kidneys) were randomly chosen to build a predictive model for diagnosing or excluding obstruction. The other 36 studies (71 kidneys) composed the validation group. The probability of normal drainage (no obstruction) at the baseline acquisition and the probability of no obstruction, equivocal finding, or obstruction after @entity1483 administration were determined by logistic regression analysis and proportional odds modeling of MAG3 renographic data. RESULTS: The single most important baseline variable for excluding obstruction was the ratio of postvoid counts to maximum counts. Renal counts in the last minute of @entity1483 acquisition divided by the maximum baseline acquisition renal counts and time to half-maximum counts after @entity1483 administration in a pelvic region of interest were the critical variables for determining obstruction. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for predicting normal drainage in the validation sample was 0.93 (standard error, 0.02); sensitivity, 85%; specificity, 93%. The AUC for the diagnosis of obstruction after @entity1483 administration was 0.84 (standard error, 0.06); sensitivity, 82%; specificity, 83%. CONCLUSION: A predictive system has been developed that provides a promising computer-assisted diagnosis approach to the interpretation of MAG3 diuretic renal scans; this system has also identified the key variables required for scan interpretation.

title: Key variables for interpreting XXXX diuretic scans: development and validation of a predictive model.

entities_list: @entity38817 :: ('MESH:D017263', 'Chemical') :: ['(99m)Tc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

answer: @entity38817 :: (MESH:D017263,Chemical) :: ['99mTc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The damage caused by @entity3296 is permanent, and has been recognized as a public health problem in a number of regions of the world. Although multiple studies provided evidence that @entity3163 ( @entity7034 ) elicits adverse effects on reproductive function, the effect of @entity1388 on female germ cell development is not well understood. Therefore, the present study aimed at evaluating the effect of @entity1388 treatments on in vivo maturation and developmental potential of @entity19 oocytes, in which female ICR @entity19 were treated with a range of doses (0, 30, 60, and 150 mg/L) of @entity7034 . After treatment, @entity19 were superovulated to collect ovulated oocytes. The effects of @entity7034 on oocyte quality, fertilization potential and early embryonic development were evaluated, as well as the underlying mechanisms were primarily investigated. The findings of this study showed that @entity7034 treatment resulted in abnormal spindle configuration, actin cap formation, and cortical granule-free domain formation. Additionally, overexposure of @entity19 to @entity7034 notably reduced @entity855 production and mitochondrial membrane potential, further influencing in vitro fertilization and subsequent embryonic development. These results indicated that @entity7034 treatment impairs the subsequent embryonic developmental potential of the oocytes. In conclusion, overexposure to @entity1388 in vivo was associated with a significant disruption of cytoskeletal dynamics and decreased oocyte quality, affecting the oocyte's subsequent fertilization and embryonic development. Results of this study provide a rationale for treating @entity66 such as @entity249 or @entity2208 caused by environmental contaminants.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2015.

title: XXXX impairs oocyte maturation and subsequent embryonic development in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity3163 :: ('MESH:D012969', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium fluoride']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['reproductive diseases']

entities_list: @entity3296 :: ('MESH:D009050', 'Disease') :: ['fluorosis']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity1388 :: (MESH:D005459,Chemical) :: ['Fluoride']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between periodontal condition and premature @entity397 ( @entity13493 ) in order to provide basis to keep pregnant @entity1 from @entity66 . METHODS: 18 cases of preterm pregnant @entity1 with @entity13493 (Group @entity13493 ) and 20 cases of full-term pregnant @entity1 with @entity13493 (Group @entity13493 ) were selected as the study group, and 28 cases of full-term normal pregnant @entity1 were selected as the control group. Everyone's plaque index (PLI), @entity92 ( @entity92 ) and sulcular bleeding index (SBI) were checked and recorded. Meanwhile, immunohistochemical method was used to detect the distribution and expression of @entity1495 ( @entity1495 ) in fetal membrane of cervix. The relationship between the expression of @entity1495 and @entity13493 was analyzed. RESULTS: The expression of @entity1495 in the pregnant @entity1 with @entity13493 (Group @entity13493 and Group @entity13493 ) was higher than that in the control group. There was no relationship between the expression of @entity1495 in chorion and @entity92 (r = 0.053, P = 0.075). The expression of @entity1495 in chorion had direct correlation with SBI (r = 0.433, P < 0.05) and PLI (r = 0.310, P < 0.05). The expression of @entity1495 in amniotic membrane hadn't dependence with @entity92 (r = 0.077, P = 0.597), while had direct correlation with SBI (r = 0.430, P < 0.05) and PLI (r = 0.324, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity1495 was involved in the pathological process of @entity13493 and periodontal @entity32 .

title: [Study on the relationship between the expression of XXXX and premature @entity397 as pregnant @entity1 with periodontal @entity32 ].

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['oral diseases']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture of membrane']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'probing depth']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-9', 'matrix metalloproteinase-9']

answer: @entity1495 :: (4318,Gene) :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-9']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectroscopy coupled to microscopy (IR imaging) has shown unique advantages in detecting morphological and molecular pathologic alterations in biological tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of IR imaging as a diagnostic tool to identify characteristics of breast epithelial cells and the stroma. In this study a total of 19 breast tissue samples were obtained from 13 @entity1 . For 6 of the @entity1 , we also obtained Non-Adjacent Non-Tumor tissue samples. Infrared images were recorded on the main cell/tissue types identified in all breast tissue samples. Unsupervised Principal Component Analyses and supervised Partial Least Square Discriminant Analyses (PLS-DA) were used to discriminate spectra. Leave-one-out cross-validation was used to evaluate the performance of PLS-DA models. Our results show that IR imaging coupled with PLS-DA can efficiently identify the main cell types present in FFPE breast tissue sections, i.e. epithelial cells, lymphocytes, connective tissue, vascular tissue and erythrocytes. A second PLS-DA model could distinguish normal and @entity5 breast epithelial cells in the breast tissue sections. A @entity1 -specific model reached particularly high sensitivity, specificity and MCC rates. Finally, we showed that the stroma located close or at distance from the @entity5 exhibits distinct spectral characteristics. In conclusion FTIR imaging combined with computational algorithms could be an accurate, rapid and objective tool to identify/quantify breast epithelial cells and differentiate @entity5 from normal breast tissue as well as normal from @entity5 , paving the way to the establishment of a potential complementary tool to ensure safe @entity5 margins.

title: Characterization of XXXX breast cancer tissues by infrared imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumor-associated stroma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A field experiment was conducted in eight 13.6-MT steel bins containing 6.8 MT each of @entity3505 to assess efficacy of @entity42939 or SF fumigant to control @entity29281 -resistant and susceptible Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) and @entity5399 (Herbst). Approximately 400 adults of each type of beetle were added to each bin. Additionally, muslin bags containing immature stages and adults, with their respective diets, were also placed in bins. Four bins were fumigated with SF and others were untreated control bins. The SF dosages in treated bins ranged from 1,196-1,467   mg-h/liter. Mortality of adults in each bag was assessed 5   d postfumigation; diet minus adults was incubated in a jar, and number of adults counted after 8 wk. No significant change occurred in number of insect-damaged kernels in SF-treated bins. In trier samples from SF-treated bins, R. dominica numbers declined from 24 prefumigation to 0 at 3- and 6-wk postfumigation; @entity5399 numbers were unchanged. In WBII traps from SF-treated bins, numbers R. dominica and @entity5399 declined from 25 and 33, respectively, prefumigation to 0 or near 0 at 3- and 6-wk postfumigation. Mortalities of resistant and susceptible adult R. dominica, and adult and large larvae of @entity5399 in SF-treated bags was 100%. For all four types of beetles, adult numbers in jars associated with SF-treated bins were 0 or near 0. Results show SF is effective against all life stages of @entity29281 -resistant R. dominica and @entity5399 , and can be used for @entity29281 resistance management.

title: Effectiveness of @entity42939 Fumigation for the Control of @entity29281 -Resistant Grain Insects Infesting Stored XXXX .

entities_list: @entity29281 :: ('MESH:C044646', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphine']

entities_list: @entity42939 :: ('MESH:C048899', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfuryl fluoride']

entities_list: @entity5399 :: ('7070', 'Species') :: ['Tribolium castaneum', 'T. castaneum']

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['Wheat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Testing for oncogenic @entity1082 ) DNA at a 1.0-pg/mL threshold represents a promising approach for colposcopy triage of @entity10479 ( @entity10479 ), but not for @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ). Considering age or viral load could improve colposcopy triage. METHODS: We determined the sensitivity for detecting @entity3146 3 (CIN3) and @entity5 and the percentage of referrals for colposcopy using HPV testing and repeat thin-layer cytopathology in 2198 @entity1 with @entity10479 and in 848 @entity1 with @entity2784 enrolled in ALTS from November 1996 through December 1998. We analyzed results by age and at two thresholds for HPV load and repeat cytopathology. RESULTS: For @entity10479 , the overall sensitivity of HPV testing at 1.0 pg/mL was 96.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 92.8 to 99.5%) and varied minimally with age (range, 93.9% to 97.8%). HPV testing at this threshold would refer 31.2% (95% CI = 28.0% to 34.3%) of @entity1 aged 29 years or older as compared with more than 65% of younger @entity1 . Among @entity1 aged 29 years or older with @entity10479 , referral for repeat cytopathology of @entity10479 had a sensitivity of 90.9% (95% CI = 81.1% to 100.0%) and would refer 50.1% (95% CI = 46.7 to 53.5%). Among all @entity10479 , HPV testing using a 10.0-pg/mL threshold decreased sensitivity to 91.5% and referrals to 41.7%. More than 63% of @entity2784 would have been referred using any strategy achieving 90% sensitivity. CONCLUSION: For @entity1 with @entity10479 , HPV testing was highly sensitive for detecting CIN3 and @entity5 with dramatically fewer referrals of older @entity1 . Neither a single HPV test nor repeat cytopathology provides useful triage for @entity1 with @entity2784 .

title: Effects of age and @entity1 papilloma viral load on colposcopy triage: data from the randomized Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance/Low-Grade XXXX Triage Study (ALTS).

entities_list: @entity10479 :: ('MESH:D065309', 'Disease') :: ['ASCUS', 'atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['LSIL', 'low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia']

answer: @entity2784 :: (MESH:D065310,Disease) :: ['Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective: Thin supporting tissues may cause @entity1464 and esthetic problems in the anterior area. The objectives of this study were to present a simple and reliable radiographic technique to measure thickness of alveolar bone labial to mandibular incisors, and to establish a possible correlation of bone thickness with its tissue biotype. Method and Materials: A metal strip was placed over the @entity1464 of the mandibular incisor axis, and a perpendicular occlusal radiograph was taken of 51 @entity1 . @entity1 in routine orthodontic practice before any orthodontic treatment was started were distributed into three groups according to their periodontal biotype (A1, thin with < 2 mm keratinized @entity1464 ; A2, thin with > 2 mm; and B, thick with wide zone of keratinized @entity1464 ), as described by M  ller and Eger.1 Radiographs were scanned and thickness of gingival tissue and of bone at two levels (at the bone crest and at 3 mm below the bone crest) was measured to the nearest 0.1 mm. Measurements of soft tissue and bone thickness were compared and correlated. Results: Groups @entity3750 showed a significant difference in bone thickness at the bone crest. Correlation of @entity79 was only found in gingival biotype B at 3 mm below the bone crest level only (R = 0.290; P < .001). No other correlation between @entity79 was observed in any group. Conclusions: The radiographic technique proposed in this study is a simple and reliable method for calibrating the amount of buccal bone in the mandibular anterior area. It is a cheap and fast diagnostic tool that may help determine the amount of buccal @entity79 , and therefore avoid excessive radiation to @entity1 . Groups @entity3750 showed a significant difference in bone thickness at the bone crest. Although not significant, group A1 showed the lowest values of @entity79 , whereas group B showed the highest @entity79 . A clear correlation between thickness of bone and @entity1464 3 mm below the cementoenamel junction was found in group B.

title: A simple method for measuring thickness of XXXX and labial bone of mandibular incisors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone and gingival thickness']

entities_list: @entity1464 :: ('MESH:D005889', 'Disease') :: ['gingiva', 'gingival recessions']

answer: @entity1464 :: (MESH:D005889,Disease) :: ['gingiva']


abstract: This analytic (phase II) study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that the decline in serum @entity320 -inhibiting activity (MIA) levels following initiation of treatment might have prognostic value. The mean serum @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH), MIA and S100 levels in @entity1 with @entity320 before treatment were higher than in the control group. @entity1 with visceral dissemination had much higher mean serum MIA levels than @entity1 with nodal spread only. A regression model was constructed to analyse the prognostic factors in @entity1 with advanced stage @entity320 . Therapy included surgical excision or lymph node dissection, hypofractionated radiotherapy, and immunotherapy or chemotherapy. Blood samples were collected within 24 h before the initiation of systemic treatment and two or three times more at 20-28 day intervals. Overall survival was investigated by univariate analysis, and correlation with clinical factors was compared using the log-rank test. Gender, primary @entity5 site, surgery, radiation therapy, serum S100 levels before systemic treatment and choice of chemotherapy were not correlated with the outcome. In addition to the stage of disease, low serum LDH levels before systemic treatment and a decline in serum MIA levels following initiation of systemic treatment predicted a favourable outcome. @entity3 to visceral organs was associated with higher serum MIA levels. Persistence of high serum MIA levels despite systemic treatment predicts an unfavourable prognosis.

title: Prognostic significance of XXXX inhibiting activity levels in @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and @entity2843 ( @entity2843 ) have been found in high concentrations in @entity1143 . Because MMP and @entity2843 may play a part in the causation of the @entity82 seen in @entity378 ( @entity378 ) @entity5641 their occurrence was examined. DESIGN: Pleural effusion fluid and plasma concentrations of @entity3334 , @entity1476 , @entity1549 , @entity5952 , @entity1495 , @entity2843 and @entity1552 were determined by ELISA in 21 @entity1 with @entity5641 . To adjust for the total protein content, respective ratios were calculated. Activities of @entity1476 and @entity1495 were measured by gelatine zymography and the @entity1495 / @entity1476 ratios calculated. Pleural effusions and plasma of 15 @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) and plasma of 15 healthy @entity1 (CON) served as controls. RESULTS: Immunoreactive pleural fluid concentrations of @entity3334 , @entity1476 , @entity5952 , and @entity1495 were higher in @entity378 compared to @entity712 , but plasma concentrations were not different between the groups. @entity378 pleural fluid concentrations of @entity3334 , @entity1476 , @entity2843 , and @entity1552 were higher compared to @entity378 plasma. @entity1549 was found in trace amounts only. The @entity1495 /total protein ratios in pleural fluid were higher in @entity378 compared to @entity712 (0.4492+/-0.1633 vs 0.0364+/-0.0145, P<0.005) but the @entity2843 ratios were lower (139.0+/-28.7 vs 517.8+/-183.7, P<0.0005). In @entity378 pleural fluid vs @entity378 plasma, the respective @entity3334 , @entity1476 , @entity2843 , and @entity1552 ratios were increased (0.46+/-0.10 vs 0.17+/-0.02; 25.2+/-2.8 vs 4.2+/-0.9; 139.0+/-28.7 vs 27.8+/-8.2; 0.67+/-0.13 vs 0.18+/-0.04, P<0.0005 each). Gelatine zymography demonstrated @entity1476 and @entity1495 bands of different brightness in @entity378 effusions but in @entity712 effusions the @entity1495 band was barely visible. The @entity1495 / @entity1476 effusion ratios were therefore higher in @entity378 compared to @entity712 (0.46+/-0.15 vs 0.05+/-0.04, P<0.0005). CONCLUSION: Compartmentalized @entity3334 , @entity1476 , @entity2843 , and @entity1552 and, compared to @entity712 , a surplus of @entity3334 , @entity1476 , @entity5952 , and @entity1495 in the pleural space obviously contribute to the fibrotic reactions in @entity5641 .

title: Occurrence of matrix metalloproteinases and XXXX in @entity378 @entity5641 .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heat failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity5641 :: ('MESH:D010998', 'Disease') :: ['TB pleuritis', 'pleuritis']

entities_list: @entity2843 :: ('7076', 'Gene') :: ['TIMP', 'TIMP-1', 'tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous', 'TB']

answer: @entity2843 :: (7076,Gene) :: ['tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current research emphasizes the high prevalence and costs of @entity1643  ( @entity1643 ). The STarT Back Tool was designed to support primary care decision making for treatment by helping to determine the treatment prognosis of @entity1 with non-specific @entity1643 . The German version is the STarT-G. The cross-cultural translation of the tool followed a structured and widely accepted process but to date it was only partially validated with a small sample. The aim of the study was to test the psychometric properties construct validity, discriminative ability, internal consistency and test-retest-reliability of the STarT-G and to compare them with values given for the original English version. METHODS: A consecutive cohort study with a two-week retest was conducted among @entity1 with non-specific @entity1643 , aged 18 to 60  years, from primary care practices. Questionnaires were collected before the first consultation, and two weeks later by post, using the following reference standards: the Roland and Morris disability questionnaire, the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale and the Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale. Psychometric properties examined included the tool's discriminative abilities, whether the psychosocial subscale was one factor, internal consistency, item redundancy, test-retest reliability and floor and ceiling effects. RESULTS: There were 228 @entity1 recruited with a mean age of 42.2 (SD 11.0) years, and 53  % were female. The areas under the curve (AUC) for discriminative ability ranged from 0.70 (STarT-G Subscale - Pain Catastrophizing Scale; CI95 0.63, 0.78) to 0.77 (STarT-G Total - Composite reference standard, CI95 0.60, 0.94). Factor loadings ranged from 0.49 to 0.74. Cronbach's alpha testing the internal consistency and redundancy for the total/subscale scores were a   =   0.52/0.55 respectively. The STarT-G test-retest reliability Kappa values for the total/subscale scores were 0.67/0.68 respectively. No floor or ceiling effects were present. CONCLUSIONS: The STarT-G shows acceptable psychometric properties although not in exact agreement with the original English version. The items previously regarded as a psychosocial subscale may be better seen as an index of different individual psychosocial constructs. The relevance of using the tool at the point of consultation should be further examined.

title: Validation of the German version of the STarT-Back Tool (STarT-G): a cohort study with XXXX from primary care practices.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain', 'LBP']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known regarding the neurocognitive impact of @entity1315 resection. OBJECTIVE: To clarify subacute surgery-related changes in neurocognitive functioning (NCF) in @entity1 with left (LTL) and right (RTL) @entity1315 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity11 in the LTL (n = 45) or RTL (n = 19) completed comprehensive pre- and postsurgical neuropsychological assessments. NCF was analyzed with 2-way mixed design repeated-measures analysis of variance, with hemisphere (LTL or RTL) as an independent between-subjects factor and pre- and postoperative NCF as a within-subjects factor. RESULTS: About 60% of @entity1 with @entity11 and 40% with @entity75 exhibited significant worsening on at least 1 NCF test. Domains most commonly impacted included verbal memory and executive functioning. @entity1 with @entity5 showed greater decline than @entity1 with @entity5 on verbal memory and confrontation naming tests. Nonetheless, over one-third of @entity1 with @entity75 also showed verbal memory decline. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity1315 , NCF decline in the subacute postoperative period is common. As expected, @entity1 with @entity5 show more frequent and severe decline than @entity1 with @entity5 , particularly on verbally mediated measures. However, a considerable proportion of @entity1 with @entity5 also exhibit decline across various domains, even those typically associated with left hemisphere structures, such as verbal memory. While @entity1 with @entity75 may show even greater decline in visuospatial memory, this domain was not assessed. Nonetheless, neuropsychological assessment can identify acquired deficits and help facilitate early intervention in @entity1 with @entity1315 .

title: Neurocognitive Changes Associated With Surgical Resection of Left and Right XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['RTL lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['LTL tumor', 'RTL tumor']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['LTL glioma', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe glioma', 'temporal lobe tumor']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['Temporal Lobe Glioma']


abstract: The majority of high-grade serous @entity43 cases are detected in advanced stages when treatment options are limited. Surgery is less effective at eradicating the disease when it is widespread, resulting in high rates of disease relapse and chemoresistance. Current screening techniques are ineffective for early @entity5 detection and consequently, @entity5345 mutations carriers, with an increased risk for developing high-grade serous @entity43 , elect to undergo risk-reducing surgery. While prophylactic surgery is associated with a significant reduction in the risk of @entity5 development, it also results in surgical menopause and significant adverse side effects. The development of efficient early-stage screening protocols and imaging technologies is critical to improving the outcome and quality of life for current @entity1 and @entity1 at increased risk. In addition, more accurate animal models are necessary in order to provide relevant in vivo testing systems and advance our understanding of the disease origin and progression. Moreover, both genetically engineered and @entity5 xenograft animal models enable the preclinical testing of novel imaging techniques and molecularly targeted therapies as they become available. Recent advances in xenograft technologies have made possible the creation of avatar @entity19 , personalized tumorgrafts, which can be used as therapy testing surrogates for individual @entity1 prior to or during treatment. High-grade serous @entity43 may be an ideal candidate for use with avatar models based on key characteristics of the tumorgraft platform. This review explores multiple strategies, including novel imaging and screening technologies in both @entity1 and animal models, aimed at detecting @entity5 in the early-stages and improving the disease prognosis.

title: Advances in XXXX screening, imaging, and avatar technologies for high-grade serous @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Using a proteomic approach, we aimed to identify and compare the urinary excretion of proteins involved in lipid transport and metabolism in @entity1 with @entity1290 and @entity5200 (CAL), hypocitraturia (CIT), and normal metabolic work-up (NM), and in healthy controls (HCs). Additionally, we aimed to confirm these results using ELISA, and to examine the relationship between the urinary excretion of selected proteins with demographic, dietary, blood, and urinary parameters. METHODS: Prospective, controlled, pilot study of pooled urine from CAL, @entity7792 , and NM versus age- and gender-matched HCs, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Relative protein abundance was estimated using spectral counting. Results were confirmed by ELISA performed on individual samples. RESULTS: Of the 1,813 proteins identified, 230 met the above criteria. Of those, 5 proteins ( @entity3294 [ @entity3294 ]; @entity15783 [ @entity69261 [APOA3]; @entity844 -binding protein, liver [ @entity20506 ]; @entity844 -binding protein, adipocyte [ @entity5548 ) involved in lipid metabolism and transport were found in the CAL group, with significant differences compared with HCs. ELISA analysis indicated statistically significant differences in the urinary excretion of @entity12436 , @entity15783 , and @entity20506 in the CAL group compared with HCs. Twenty-four-hour urinary @entity460 excretion correlated significantly with concentrations of @entity12436 (r   =   0.77, p   <   0.001), and @entity20506 (r   =   0.80, p   =   0.005). CONCLUSIONS: We provide proteomic data showing increased urinary excretion of lipid metabolism/transport-related proteins in @entity1 with @entity1290 and @entity5200 . These findings suggest that @entity209 might play a @entity1290 formation.

title: Marked increase in urinary excretion of apolipoproteins in @entity1 with nephrolithiasis associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity69261 :: ('337;345', 'Gene') :: ['APOA4]; apolipoprotein C-III']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity15783 :: ('337', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein A-IV', 'APOA4']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in lipid metabolism']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['kidney stones', 'role in kidney stone']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3294 :: ('336', 'Gene') :: ['APOA2', 'apolipoprotein A-II']

entities_list: @entity5200 :: ('MESH:D053565', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalciuria']

answer: @entity5200 :: (MESH:D053565,Disease) :: ['hypercalciuria']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity33 induced by anti-neoplastic drugs is an important, dose-limiting and costly side-effect of @entity5 therapy. AIM: To evaluate the effect of the topical application of @entity12557 ( @entity12558 ), a @entity842 donor, on @entity1487 ( @entity1487 )-induced @entity3136 in hamsters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity3136 was induced in male hamsters by two intraperitoneal administrations of @entity1487 on the first and second days of the experiment (60 and 40 mg/kg, respectively) followed by mechanical @entity130 on the fourth day. Animals received saline, HPMC or HPMC/ @entity12558 (0.1, 0.5 or 2.0 mM) 1 h prior to the @entity1487 injection and twice a day for 10 or 14 days. Samples of cheek pouches were harvested for: histopathological analysis, @entity310 and @entity1356 levels, immunohistochemical staining for @entity3623 , @entity310 , @entity1356 , Ki67 and @entity2533 RII and a TUNEL assay. The presence and levels of 39 bacterial taxa were analyzed using the Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method. The profiles of NO released from the HPMC/ @entity12558 formulations were characterized using chemiluminescence. RESULTS: The HPMC/ @entity12558 formulations were found to provide sustained release of NO for more than 4 h at concentration-dependent rates of 14 to 80 nmol/mL/h. Treatment with HPMC/ @entity12558 (0.5 mM) significantly reduced @entity16 , inflammatory alterations and cell death associated with @entity1487 -induced @entity3136 on day 14 but not on day 10. HPMC/ @entity12558 administration also reversed the inhibitory effect of @entity1487 on cell proliferation on day 14. In addition, we observed that the chemotherapy significantly increased the levels and/or prevalence of several bacterial species. CONCLUSION: Topical HPMC/ @entity12558 accelerates mucosal recovery, reduces inflammatory parameters, speeds up re-epithelization and decreases levels of @entity9645 .

title: @entity12557 accelerates recovery from XXXX -induced @entity3136 .

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucositis', 'Oral mucositis']

entities_list: @entity12557 :: ('MESH:D026422', 'Chemical') :: ['S-nitrosoglutathione']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['Mucositis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal damage']

entities_list: @entity9645 :: ('MESH:D019226', 'Disease') :: ['periodontopathic species in mucosal ulcers']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-Fluorouracil']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the features of crush @entity130 in Sichuan earthquake victims using chest digital radiography (CDR). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 772 CDR of 417 females and 355 males who had suffered crush @entity130 in the Sichuan earthquake. @entity1 age ranged from 0.5 to 103 years. CDR was performed between May 12, 2008 and June 7, 2008. We looked for @entity764 , @entity358 . RESULTS: Antero-posterior (AP) and lateral CDR were obtained in 349 @entity1 , the remaining 423 @entity1 underwent only AP CDR. Thoracic cage @entity174 , @entity358 and @entity130 were noted in 331 (42.9%; 95% CI: 39.4%-46.4%), 67 and 135 @entity1 , respectively. Of the 256 @entity1 with @entity174 , the mean number of @entity174 per @entity1 was 3. @entity174 were mostly distributed from the 3rd through to the 8th ribs and the vast majority involved posterior and lateral locations along the rib. @entity174 had a significant positive association with non-rib @entity174 , @entity358 and @entity130 (P < 0.001). The number of @entity174 and @entity358 were significant factors associated with @entity1 @entity204 . CONCLUSION: Earthquake-related crush @entity130 has the potential for multiple @entity174 . The high number of @entity174 and @entity358 were significant factors which needed appropriate medical treatment.

title: Digital radiography of crush XXXX in the Sichuan earthquake.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'thoracic fractures', 'Rib fractures', 'fractured ribs', 'rib fractures']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the thoracic cage']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary contusions', 'pulmonary contusion', 'pulmonary parenchyma and the pleura']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic trauma', 'pleural injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['thoracic trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To provide a preliminary assessment of the efficacy and safety of @entity35787 treatment of @entity5815 . DESIGN: A placebo-controlled, double-blind, random-allocation crossover trial of 6 weeks of @entity7842 . SETTING: An outpatient clinical trials unit. @entity1 : Twenty-five @entity1 with @entity5815 (mean age, 40 years; 19 [76%] @entity1 ; mean duration of illness, 7.0 years) were recruited from a research and clinic registry. Five @entity1 withdrew from the trial. INTERVENTIONS: All @entity1 were scheduled to receive @entity35787 (0.1-0.2 mg) or a placebo for 6 weeks in each treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-administered questionnaires were completed at the beginning and end of each treatment arm that asked @entity1 to rate the severity of their symptoms on a visual analogue scale. The Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, a reaction time test, and a treadmill exercise test were used to assess functional status. Blood pressure, heart rate, and plasma @entity1063 levels were obtained at baseline. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded at the end of the exercise test and monitored at all subsequent visits. RESULTS: At baseline, the study @entity1 reported symptom severity greater than 5 for most symptoms, and all had evidence of marked @entity73 . No improvement was observed in the severity of any symptom or in any test of function for the 20 @entity1 who completed both arms of the trial. Blood pressure and heart rate readings were unaffected by treatment, and plasma @entity1063 levels did not differ from those of a healthy control group. The incidence of adverse experiences was similar in the @entity7842 and placebo arms of the trial. CONCLUSION: Low-dose @entity7842 does not provide sufficient benefit to be evident in a preliminary blinded trial of unselected @entity1 with @entity5815 .

title: A preliminary placebo-controlled crossover trial of @entity7842 for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['functional impairments']

entities_list: @entity35787 :: ('MESH:C034635', 'Chemical') :: ['fludrocortisone acetate']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity7842 :: ('MESH:D005438', 'Chemical') :: ['fludrocortisone']

answer: @entity5815 :: (MESH:D015673,Disease) :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is important to assess physical activity objectively during daily life circumstances, to understand the association between physical activity and diseases and to determine the effectiveness of interventions. Accelerometer-based physical activity monitoring seems a promising method and could potentially capture all four FITT (i.e. Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type) components of physical activity considered by the World Health Organization (WHO). AIM: To assess the four FITT components of physical activity with an accelerometer during daily life circumstances and compare with self-reported levels of physical activity in @entity1 with @entity626 ( @entity571 ) and a healthy control group. METHODS: @entity1 (n=30) with end-stage knee @entity571 and age-matched healthy subjects (n=30) were measured. An ambulant tri-axial accelerometer was placed onto the lateral side of the upper leg. Physical activity was measured during four consecutive days. Using algorithm-based peak detection methods in Matlab, parameters covering the four FITT components were assessed. Self-reported physical activity was assessed using the Short questionnaire to assess health enhancing physical activity (SQUASH). RESULTS: Knee @entity571 @entity1 demonstrated fewer walking bouts (154   79 versus 215   65 resp.; p=0.002), step counts (4402   2960 steps/day versus 6943   2581 steps/day; p=0.001) and sit-to-stand (STS) transfers (37   14 versus 44   12; p=0.031) compared to controls. Knee @entity571 @entity1 demonstrated more time sitting (65   15% versus 57   10% resp.; p=0.029), less time walking (8   4% versus 11   4% resp.; p=0.014) and lower walking cadence (87   11steps/min versus 99    8steps/min resp.; p<0.001). Accelerometer-based parameters of physical activity were moderately-strong (Pearsons's r= 0.28-0.49) correlated to self-reported SQUASH scores. CONCLUSION: A single ambulant accelerometer-based physical activity monitor feasibly captures the four FITT components of physical activity and provides more insight into the actual physical activity behavior and limitations of knee @entity571 @entity1 in their daily life.

title: Accelerometer-based Physical Activity Monitoring in XXXX with @entity626 : Objective and Ambulatory Assessment of Actual Physical Activity During Daily Life Circumstances.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: The first published @entity6588 @entity3082 in @entity233 had been reported in 1936 from Luleburgaz (located in European part-Thrace region-of @entity233 ), and the second was in 1945 again in the same province. Following a long period of time without any @entity6588 report from Thrace region, in 2005 another @entity3082 occurred in a village of Edirne, another province located in the same region. Since there is presumptive evidence of circulation of the infectious agent, @entity5092 in Thrace region of @entity233 , a large scale seroepidemiological study is needed. In this study, the presence of antibodies against @entity5092 in 1782 subjects, choosen by "thirty cluster" method, inhabiting in 90 different villages of Edirne, Kirklareli, and Tekirdag provinces in Thrace Region, were investigated. The subjects were included to the study on the basis of volunteering (74.3% were male; mean age: 46 years; age range: 6-92 years) and demographical characteristics and their possible risky behaviours were recorded in a questionnaire form. Antibodies specific for @entity5092 were screened by microagglutination test, and were found positive in five (0.3%) of the subjects between the titers of 1/20- 1/160. All of the seropositive subjects were adult males (ages between 22-74 years); three were living in the two villages of Kirklareli, while the others were from the villages of Tekirdag and Edirne. Rose Bengal test was also found positive in three of the seropositive subjects, and with the thought of a probable cross reaction they were taken into an advanced investigation for @entity3377 . The risk evaluation revealed that male gender, being together with livestock and exposure to ticks were the major risk factors. Since the data of this study indicated that @entity5092 is in circulation in Thrace Region, the educational programmes for both the healthcare workers and inhabitants of this region should be attempted for the prevention of a possible @entity3082 .

title: [Investigation of XXXX seroprevalence in the rural area of Thrace region in @entity233 ].

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity5092 :: ('263', 'Species') :: ['Francisella tularensis', 'F. tularensis']

entities_list: @entity6588 :: ('MESH:D014406', 'Disease') :: ['tularemia']

answer: @entity6588 :: (MESH:D014406,Disease) :: ['tularemia']


abstract: The assay of intraperitoneal (ip) injection to @entity35 was used as experimental system to study the mechanisms of carcinogenic effects of fibrous dusts. With this test system, fibers were shown to induce @entity2615 in the peritoneal cavity. Although the data of the ip assay are discussed controversially in terms of risk assessment, it is a valuable tool to investigate the molecular mechanisms of @entity105 in vivo. This test system allows one to investigate both the effects of fibers on signal transduction and the genotoxic potential of fibers. On the level of mRNA expression, different stages of fiber-induced @entity5 development in the peritoneal space were examined using differential display techniques. Genes of signal transduction pathways are mainly affected by the fiber treatment; for example, the activation of genes for the AP-1 transcription factor could be observed in the tissues of the peritoneal cavity. Thus, our in vivo data confirm the findings reported from cell culture systems. Moreover, our results from the differential display assays reveal that genes involved in the integrin-linked signal transduction are upregulated. In addition, the ip assay can be applied to transgenic animals to perform mutagenicity testing. Using the Big Blue transgenic animal system, we provide data of a significant increase in mutation frequency after treatment with @entity17110 asbestos.

title: Effects of @entity17110 Fibers on the Peritoneal Mesothelium of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity17110 :: ('MESH:D017638', 'Chemical') :: ['crocidolite']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Surgical resection is not generally indicated for para-aortic lymph node (PALN) @entity3 from @entity14 . However, the clinical significance of PALN dissection (PALND) in the current @entity7971 of modern chemotherapy has not been fully discussed. METHODS: Between November 2006 and February 2013, 14 @entity1 underwent PALND for @entity14 and were proven as having pathological PALN @entity3 . The median follow-up was 33.2 months. RESULTS: Primary location was the right-colon in 2 @entity1 , and the left-colon or rectum in 12 @entity1 . The timing of @entity3 was metachronous in 5 @entity1 and synchronous in 9 @entity1 . Eleven @entity1 (79%) received perioperative aggressive modern chemotherapy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with targeted drugs was introduced in 9 @entity1 (64%) and 6 @entity1 received adjuvant chemotherapy. Recurrence after PALND occurred in 12 @entity1 (86%). The most common site was the lung in 6 @entity1 (43%). The 1- and 3-year disease-free survivals were 39.3 and 7.9%, respectively. The 3-year overall survival were 41.2%. CONCLUSION: The recurrence rate after PALND for strictly selected @entity1 was quite high even in the current @entity7971 of modern chemotherapy. However, some @entity1 achieved long-term survival or could be cured. Therefore, we should re-evaluate the efficacy of PALND in a larger prospective study.

title: Clinical Significance of Para-Aortic Lymph Node Dissection for Advanced or Metastatic @entity14 in the Current XXXX of Modern Chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity7971 :: (26284,Gene) :: ['Era']


abstract: The natural history of @entity1121 is characterized, in particular, in younger @entity1 by @entity1164 , in the majority of @entity1 by progressive @entity712 [14, 26, 27, 33-36]. With the aid of beta-adrenergic receptor blockers, @entity460 channel blockers and antiarrhythmic agents the clinical outlook for most of the @entity1 can be improved [17, 19, 23, 28]. @entity1 who do not respond to medical treatment can be regarded as possible candidates for surgical revision of the left ventricular outflow tract. In consideration of surgical treatment, two morphologic and hemodynamic forms of the disease must be differentiated: the typical subaortic muscular @entity1184 in the region of the outflow tract and the atypical, more mid-ventricular muscular @entity1184 with systolic entrapment of a distal portion of the ventricle in which frequently a typical subaortic @entity1184 also may be present [15, 43]. As a result of @entity1184 which may substantially compromise left ventricular ejection during systolic contraction, in @entity1121 there is a deviation of the left ventricular major @entity2270 , @entity2055 in the sequence of contraction, @entity1184 of the left ventricular walls, diminished diastolic compliance and, to a varying extent, @entity339 . Diagnostically useful findings are a mid-systolic murmur at the aortic valve, bisferiens carotis pulse, systolic pressure gradient between the left ventricle and the aorta and a postextrasystolic paradoxical pressure response. Echocardiographically, @entity14087 , systolic anterior motion of the anterior mitral valve leaflet, premature mid-systolic closure of the aortic valve and an enlarged left atrium will be detected. Surgical intervention is indicated for @entity1 with class III clinical symptoms (NYHA) not amenable to medical treatment and pressure gradients between left ventricle and aorta, at rest or postextrasystolically, in excess of 50 mm Hg. An overview of the variety of surgical approaches and procedures employed for @entity1121 is provided by Table 1. From initial attempts to eliminate the outflow tract obstruction by myotomy, the @entity3888 was developed in which an about 1 cm wide section of muscle is resected; this procedure can be carried out from a transaortic, transatrial or transventricular approach [4, 9, 21, 22, 24, 38, 39, 47]. Under the assumption that the anterior motion of the anterior mitral valve leaflet contributes to systolic obstruction, some authors recommended reconstructive procedures or replacement of the mitral valve.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX : surgical treatment and results].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy', 'septal subvalvular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity3888 :: ('MESH:D011662', 'Disease') :: ['subvalvular myectomy']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['dyscoordination']

entities_list: @entity14087 :: ('MESH:C566005', 'Disease') :: ['asymmetric septal hypertrophy']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relationship between @entity65 and @entity1897 is mainly sustained by data retrieved from cross-sectional studies focused on cardiovascular risk factors. We aimed to assess the presence of @entity65 as a risk factor for developing @entity1897 in a @entity6 population. METHOD: A 10-year prospective, primary care, multicentre study in a randomly selected cohort. @entity65 presence @entity64 , @entity453 and/or peripheral ischaemia. @entity1897 diagnosis was based on clinical neurological examination as well as the @entity16 score and nerve conduction studies. RESULTS: Three hundred and ten (N=310) @entity1 were initially recruited. Two-hundred and sixty seven (N=267) @entity1 were included in the study. @entity1897 cumulative incidence was 18.3% (95% confidence intervals 14.1-23.4; N=49). @entity1897 development was significantly more frequent in @entity1 presenting with @entity65 at baseline (P=0.01). In the final logistic regression analysis, the presence of @entity65 remained associated with an increased risk for @entity1897 (odds ratio 2.32, 95% confidence intervals 1.03-5.22) in addition to @entity6 duration and low density lipoprotein- @entity165 levels. CONCLUSIONS: In our series, @entity6 @entity1 with @entity65 at baseline present with an increased risk of developing @entity1897 at 10 years of follow-up. Our results suggest that measures aimed at the prevention, control and treatment of @entity65 can also help prevent @entity1897 development.

title: @entity65 predicts diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy in subjects with type 2 XXXX : A 10-year prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['included stroke']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic peripheral neuropathy', 'diabetic peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: The purpose of this paper is to describe seasonal fluctuations in hospitalisation for @entity55 in Finland over the period 1972-1993. Treatment periods with @entity55 as the main or secondary diagnosis were collected from the national hospital discharge register. The seasonality of monthly hospital admissions was analysed using the X11 ARIMA procedure. The population of Finland numbered 5 million during the period concerned, and there were a total of 453,393 @entity55 treatment periods, 17.9% in the age-group under 16 years, 29.6% among working-age @entity1 and 52.5% among @entity1 aged over 64 years. The number was greatest in the total population in December (20.5%) and January (25.1%) and lowest in July (-19.7%) and August (-24.3%). Seasonal fluctuations in @entity55 hospitalisations pointed to the same trend in both the sexes, in that the number increased in winter and decreased in summer. @entity1 's admissions began to increase a month earlier than those of the other age groups, however, in November, while a transient increase in admissions of working age @entity1 in March is attributable to the more extensive use of hospital services by army conscripts. Admissions of @entity1 aged over 64 years fell more slowly from the winter peak than did those of the other segments of the population. The winter peak in hospital admissions for @entity55 can be anticipated administratively by increasing the number of hospital beds and intensifying outpatient care. It may not be necessary to increase health care resources to achieve this, however, as the necessary resources can be obtained through reductions in the summer months. Proper recognition of admission peaks, the points in time at which these regularly occur and the target groups within the population can contribute greatly to health care planning and its economy.

title: Seasonal fluctuations in hospitalisation for XXXX in Finland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['persons', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']