abstract: Numerous microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs encoded in the @entity1 genome, have been shown to be involved in @entity5 pathogenesis and progression. There is evidence that some of these miRNAs possess proapoptotic or proliferation promoting roles in the cell by negatively regulating target mRNAs. Oncogenic viruses are able to produce persistent @entity281 , favoring @entity5 development by deregulating cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. It has been recently suggested that cellular miRNAs may participate in host-virus interactions, influencing viral replication. Many @entity1 viruses counteract this cellular antiviral defense by using viral proteins but also by encoding viral miRNAs involved in virus-induced @entity105 . Interferons (IFNs) modulate a number of non-coding RNA genes, especially miRNAs, that may be used by @entity1 organisms as a mechanism of IFN system to combat @entity1800 . In particular, IFNs might induce specific cellular miRNAs that target viral transcripts thereby using this strategy as part of their effectiveness against invading viruses. Therefore IFNs, interferon stimulated genes and miRNAs could act synergistically as innate response to @entity778 to induce a potent non-permissive cellular environment for virus replication and virus-induced @entity5 . The relevance of this reviewed research topic is clearly related to the observation that although @entity778 are responsible of specific @entity5 , other unidentified genetic alterations are likely involved in the induction of malignant transformation. The identification of such genetic alterations, i.e. miRNA expression in transformed cells, would be of considerable importance for the analysis of the pathogenesis and for the treatment of @entity5 induced by specific viruses as well as for the advancement of the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying virus-host interaction. In this respect, we will review also the important, still little explored, roles of miRNAs acting both as IFN-stimulated anti-viral molecules and as critical regulators of IFNs and IFN-stimulated genes.

title: MicroRNAs in virus-induced XXXX and IFN system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['virus infections', 'virus infection']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection and related diseases']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['tumorigenesis']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['tumorigenesis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity11469 is a rare primary @entity96 that differs from @entity157 in several aspects. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical, surgical and histopathological features of @entity11469 and to analyze the factors associated with survival. METHODS: We identified 21 @entity1 with histopathologically diagnosed @entity11469 over a 22-year period. Clinical information was collected from medical records and biopsies, and surgical specimens were reviewed. RESULTS: The median age at diagnosis was 20 years. Most @entity1 were female (67%) and did not have associated @entity409 . Most @entity1 had a single nodule, and the median @entity5 size was 120 mm. Vascular invasion was present in 31% of @entity1 , and extra-hepatic metastases were present in 53%. Fourteen @entity1 underwent surgery as the first-line therapy, three received chemotherapy, and four received palliative care. Eighteen @entity1 had "pure @entity11469 ," whereas three had a distinct area of @entity157 and were classified as having "mixed @entity11469 ." The median overall survival was 36 months. The presence of "mixed @entity11469 " and macrovascular invasion were predictors of poor survival. Vascular invasion was associated with an increased risk of recurrence in @entity1 who underwent surgery. CONCLUSION: @entity11469 was more common in young female @entity1 without @entity409 . Surgery was the first therapeutic option to achieve disease control, even in advanced cases. Vascular invasion was a risk factor for @entity5 recurrence. The presence of macrovascular invasion and areas of @entity157 were directly related to poor survival.

title: Clinical and pathological evaluation of XXXX : a single center study of 21 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['malignant liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity11469 :: ('MESH:C537258', 'Disease') :: ['Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma', 'fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['conventional hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity11469 :: (MESH:C537258,Disease) :: ['fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: AIM: The aim was to examine trends in socio-demographic differences in the prevalence of @entity2973 and @entity28 among the Lithuanian adult population from 1994 to 2014. METHODS: The data from 11 postal surveys were analysed. For every survey, a nationally representative random sample aged 20-64 was drawn from the National Population Register. The sample consisted of 3000 individuals in each of the 1994-2008 surveys and 4000 in the last three surveys. Altogether, 8738 @entity1 and 11,822 @entity1 participated in the surveys. Self-reported weight and height were used to calculate BMI. RESULTS: From 1994 to 2014, the prevalence of @entity2973 and @entity28 increased in all socio-demographic groups of @entity1 , reaching 58.6% and 19.5% respectively. Highly educated @entity1 and those living in cities had higher BMI values than lower educated and non-urban inhabitants without substantial changes in the differences in BMI over the study period. In @entity1 , the prevalence of @entity2973 decreased from 51.7% to 46%, whereas the prevalence of @entity28 did not change being 19.2% in 2014. Overweight and @entity28 were more common among lower educated @entity1 and those living in non-urban areas than in the others. Educational inequalities in weight status of @entity1 increased due to the decrease of BMI only in @entity1 with university education. CONCLUSIONS: Time trends in BMI were more pronounced among Lithuanian @entity1 than @entity1 , whereas socio-demographic inequalities were greater among @entity1 . The strategies for prevention and control of @entity28 should target all @entity1 and @entity1 with lower education and living in non-urban areas of Lithuania.

title: Socio-demographic inequalities in @entity2973 and XXXX among Lithuanian adults: time trends from 1994 to 2014.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2973 :: ('MESH:D050177', 'Disease') :: ['overweight']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The detection of BRAFV600 mutations in @entity1 with @entity320 is important because of the availability of @entity817 inhibitor therapy. However, the clinical relevance of the frequency of BRAFV600 mutant alleles is unclear. @entity1 AND METHODS: Allele frequencies of BRAFV600 mutations were analyzed by ultra-deep next generation sequencing in @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded @entity320 tissue (75 primary @entity320 and 88 matched @entity3 ). In a second study, pretreatment specimens from 76 @entity1 who received @entity817 inhibitors were retrospectively analyzed, and BRAFV600 allele frequencies were correlated with therapeutic results. RESULTS: Thirty-five @entity1 had concordantly @entity817 -positive and 36 (48%) @entity1 had concordantly @entity817 -negative primary @entity320 and matched @entity3 , and four @entity1 had discordant samples with low allele frequencies (3.4-5.2%). Twenty-six of 35 @entity1 with concordant samples had BRAFV600E mutations, three of whom had additional mutations ( @entity16232 in two @entity1 and @entity17330 in one) and nine @entity1 had exclusively non- @entity8554 mutations ( @entity16232 in eight @entity1 and @entity8554 - @entity69942 - in one @entity1 ). The frequency of mutated BRAFV600 alleles was similar in the primary @entity320 and matched metastasis in 27/35 @entity1 , but differed by >3-fold in 8/35 of samples. BRAFV600E allele frequencies in @entity5 specimens were not significantly correlated with treatment outcomes in 76 @entity1 with @entity320 who were treated with @entity817 inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS: BRAFV600 mutation status and allele frequency is consistent in the majority of primary @entity320 and matched @entity3 . A small subgroup of @entity1 has double mutations. BRAFV600 allele frequencies are not correlated with the response to @entity817 inhibitors.

title: Allele frequencies of BRAFV600 mutations in primary @entity320 and matched @entity3 and their relevance for XXXX inhibitor therapy in @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pretreatment tumor']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas', 'metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity817 :: (673,Gene) :: ['BRAF']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate delays in the presentation to hospital and evaluation of @entity1 with suspected @entity64 . DESIGN: Multicentre prospective observational study. SETTING: 22 hospitals in the United Kingdom and Dublin. @entity1 : 739 @entity1 with suspected @entity64 presenting to hospital. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Time from onset of @entity64 symptoms to arrival at hospital, and time from arrival to evaluation by a senior doctor. RESULTS: The median age of @entity1 was 75 years, and 400 were @entity1 . The median delay between onset of symptoms and arrival at hospital was 6 hours (interquartile range 1 hour 48 minutes to 19 hours 12 minutes). 37% of @entity1 arrived within 3 hours, 50% within 6 hours. The median delay for @entity1 using the emergency service was 2 hours 3 minutes (47 minutes to 7 hours 12 minutes) compared with 7 hours 12 minutes (2 hours 5 minutes to 20 hours 37 minutes) for referrals from general practitioners (P<0.0001). Use of emergency services reduced delays to hospital (odds ratio 0.45, 95% confidence interval 0.23 to 0.61). The median time to evaluation by a senior doctor was 1 hour 9 minutes (interquartile range 33 minutes to 1 hour 50 minutes) but was undertaken in only 477 (65%) @entity1 within 3 hours of arrival. This was not influenced by age, sex, time of presentation, mode of referral, hospital type, or the presence of a @entity64 unit. Computed tomography was requested within 3 hours of arrival in 166 (22%) @entity1 but undertaken in only 60 (8%). CONCLUSION: Delays in @entity1 arriving at hospital with suspected @entity64 can be reduced by the increased use of emergency services. Over a third of @entity1 arrive at hospital within three hours of @entity64 ; their management can be improved by expediting medical evaluation and performing computed tomography early.

title: A multicentre observational study of presentation and early assessment of acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'patients', 'women']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity86 (POI) is the predominant cause of extended hospitalization after bowel resection surgery. @entity29141 accelerates gastrointestinal recovery, potentially reducing health care costs. We examined the value of @entity29141 in reducing prolonged POI and length of stay for @entity1 undergoing abdominal surgery using different definitions of POI. STUDY DESIGN: We developed a decision analytic model to examine costs and outcomes associated with postoperative treatment with either an @entity11139 ( @entity11139 ) only or @entity29141 + @entity11139 . To represent an overall perspective for @entity29141 , data from four phase 3 bowel resection trials and one phase 4 radical cystectomy trial were used to populate the model with 3 different definitions of POI. The period analyzed included start of surgery to 7 days post discharge. Costs were obtained from standard US costing sources and are reported in 2015 US dollars. Due to variations in published definitions of POI, alternative definitions based on adverse event reports, NG tube insertion, and time to food toleration were examined. RESULTS: The combined clinical trial data included 1,003 @entity11139 and 1,013 @entity29141 + @entity11139 @entity1 . When POI was reported as an adverse event, the incidence of POI was significantly lower with @entity29141 + @entity11139 (n  = 70 [7%]) vs @entity11139 alone (n  = 148 [15%]; p < 0.0001). Time to discharge order written was shorter for @entity1 with POI who were treated with @entity29141 + @entity11139 than with @entity11139 (202    115 hours vs 266    138 hours; p < 0.0001). As a result, costs were  731 lower with @entity29141 + @entity11139 ( 17,835) vs @entity11139 ( 18,566). Alternative definitions of POI produced similar results. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of @entity29141 to existing treatment pathways for @entity1 undergoing abdominal surgery can reduce overall hospital costs.

title: Economic Impact of XXXX Considering Varying Definitions of @entity86 .

entities_list: @entity11139 :: ('MESH:D015465', 'Disease') :: ['ACP', 'accelerated care pathway']

entities_list: @entity29141 :: ('MESH:C419502', 'Chemical') :: ['Alvimopan', 'alvimopan']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Prolonged postoperative ileus']

answer: @entity29141 :: (MESH:C419502,Chemical) :: ['Alvimopan']


abstract: @entity5967 ( @entity5011 ) is a leading cause of serious @entity281 . In this study we determine the prevalence, serotype distribution and genomic diversity of @entity5011 in vagina of pregnant @entity1 . Vaginal swabs of 531 pregnant @entity1 were cultured on Columbia Agar Base Blood, @entity5011 Agar Base and Todd Hewitt Broth. @entity5011 were characterized by group and type-specific agglutination. Genomic polymorphism was studied by random amplification of DNA (RAPD). Seventeen @entity1 (3.2%) were positive for @entity5011 , resulting serotype III the most frequent. RAPD detected 16 different RAPD profiles from 21 @entity5011 studied, revealing a good discriminatory power. In this sense, this method showed different genotype from @entity5011 serotype III recovered from successive samples of two @entity1 , suggesting reinfection. In conclusion, the combination of RAPD and serotyping appear promising for epidemiological studies. Finally, findings of reinfection after therapy during pregnancy, led us to suggest performing prenatal @entity5011 screening and intrapartum prophylaxis in order to reduce neonatal risk.

title: Phenotypic and genotypic study of @entity5967 in vagina of pregnant XXXX in Argentina.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal infection']

entities_list: @entity5967 :: ('1311', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus agalactiae']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: PURPOSE: The primary goal was to describe the injury patterns in a population of primary (first time) lateral patellar dislocators (LPD) to lend clarity to commonly held notions about injury patterns in this population. METHODS: A prospective study identifying @entity1 presenting with LPD between 2008 and 2012. Inclusion criteria were a history and physical exam consistent with primary LPD, and an MRI consistent with the diagnosis without other significant @entity130 . On MRI, location of cartilage, medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) injury, and bone @entity2981 were noted. Severity was categorized as partial or complete for MPFL and cartilage lesions. @entity4142 patellar instability risk factors ( @entity12352 , @entity6125 , @entity101 , and lateral patella tilt) were recorded and compared to the injury patterns. RESULTS: This study involved 157 @entity1 ; 107 @entity1 were skeletally mature. Of the 157 @entity1 , 26 had surgery for this injury due to clinician-perceived need for cartilage debridement. MPFL injury severity was @entity397 (N   =   69, 44%), partial (N   =   67, 43%), and none (N   =   19, 13%). MPFL injury location was isolated femoral (N   =   16, 10%), isolated patella (N   =   26, 17%), isolated mid-substance (0%), multiple locations (N   =   95, 61%), and none (N   =   20, 13%). @entity130 location was patella (N   =   67, 43%), lateral femoral condyle (N   =   11, 7%), multiple locations (N   =   53, 34%), and none (N   =   26, 17%). A majority (61%) of patellar chondral lesions were at its inferomedial aspect; all medial patellar retinacular partial injuries involved the inferomedial aspect of the patella, consistent with the insertion of the medial patellotibial ligament (MPTL). Skeletally immature @entity1 had a greater risk of isolated patellar MPFL and @entity130 . No clear relationship was found between/across the location and/or severity of bone @entity2981 , MPFL, or @entity130 . CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Underlying anatomic patellar instability risk factors defined by MRI, do not predict injury patterns. MPFL and @entity130 , as well as bone @entity2981 , are common following LPD. The medial patellotibial ligament is torn in patellar-based medial retinacular injuries, based on MRI injury location. Skeletal immaturity plays a role in the location of the injury pattern with isolated patellar-based MPFL/ @entity130 being more common in the skeletally immature @entity1 . Sex does not appear to be a factor in injury patterns after primary LPD. Knowledge of these injury trends will help focus the clinician in injury evaluation when managing primary @entity8043 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Case series, Level IV.

title: XXXX patellar instability risk factors in primary @entity8043 do not predict injury patterns: an MRI-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased TT-TG']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['complete rupture']

entities_list: @entity12352 :: ('MESH:C535568', 'Disease') :: ['patella alta']

entities_list: @entity6125 :: ('MESH:D020432', 'Disease') :: ['trochlear dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity8043 :: ('MESH:D031222', 'Disease') :: ['patellar dislocations']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ligamentous injury', 'chondral injury', 'Chondral injury']

answer: @entity4142 :: (MESH:D020763,Disease) :: ['Anatomic']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 7556 Background: Prognostic index for second-line chemotherapy of @entity1149 was previously developed, based on individual @entity1 data (IPD) of 9 randomized trials (Table) (Di Maio et al, Eur J Cancer 2010; 46: 735-743). In this study, we aimed to validate the prognostic score, with the use of an external dataset. METHODS: We analyzed IPD of @entity1 (pts) enrolled in a non-inferiority phase III trial comparing @entity24986 vs. @entity1205 in second-line treatment of advanced @entity1149 . The study showed similar efficacy for both agents. Primary endpoint of this analysis was overall survival (OS). The following variables were considered for survival analysis and score calculation: gender, performance status (PS), extent of disease, @entity5 histotype, type of first-line treatment, response to first-line treatment. Cox model, stratified by treatment arm, was used for multivariate analysis. Individual prognostic scores were derived according to our scoring system, and pts were divided into 3 categories according to the score: <5 (best), 5-9 (intermediate), >9 (worst). RESULTS: All 551 pts enrolled in the trial had complete information for prognostic score calculation. Median OS in all pts was 6.9 months. Median OS was 12.9, 6.9 and 3.8 months for the best, intermediate and worst categories, respectively. Cox model analysis showed a significant effect for intermediate vs. best category comparison (hazard ratio 1.79, 95%CI 1.31 - 2.47, p=0.0003) and for worst vs. best category comparison (hazard ratio 3.25, 95%CI 2.18 - 4.83, p<0.0001). The C-index of the model was high (0.926), indicating a good discrimination according to the proposed risk categories. CONCLUSIONS: Prognostic ability of our score for candidates to second-line treatment in advanced @entity1149 was validated. Subgroups of @entity1 with more vs. less favorable prognosis were identified. Prognostic score could be useful in clinical practice. [Table: see text].

title: Prognostic score for second-line chemotherapy of advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ): External validation in a phase III trial comparing XXXX with @entity1205 .

entities_list: @entity24986 :: ('MESH:C111217', 'Chemical') :: ['vinflunine']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity24986 :: (MESH:C111217,Chemical) :: ['vinflunine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The production and administration of drugs used intrathecally requires special care to prevent contamination with @entity2359 agents. In 2007, we investigated a widespread outbreak of @entity451 and @entity1746 among Chinese @entity1 who received intrathecal drugs to identify the presumed contaminant and its source to prevent further cases. @entity1 AND METHODS: We defined a case as onset from January 1 to October 31, 2007, of bilateral flaccid @entity1746 or @entity451 or retention and incontinence of stool or urine, in a @entity1 receiving intrathecal drugs. Using a retrospective cohort approach, we selected 12 hospitals from all hospitals that had reported cases. In these hospitals, we identified all 448 @entity1 (including 107 cases) who received intrathecal chemotherapy or chemoprophylaxis in 2007. We calculated attack rates and Mantel-Haenszel adjusted risk ratios for intrathecal drug type and lot. RESULTS: All 12 hospitals used intrathecal @entity1499 or @entity2592 produced by one pharmaceutical plant. Only two lots of each drug were associated with cases. Lot-specific attack rates ranged from 42% to 100% (risk ratio,    ; lower confidence bounds, 1.8 to 7.3). @entity1891 production had immediately preceded production of the implicated lots on the same equipment. By using ultra performance liquid chromatography, we detected @entity1891 (0.28 to 18  g) in unused vials from implicated lots of @entity1499 and @entity2592 . CONCLUSION: Trace amounts of @entity1891 that contaminated intrathecal drugs caused a large outbreak of severe @entity16 . @entity1891 and other @entity2359 drugs should not be produced on any equipment that is also used for producing drugs that are to be administered intrathecally.

title: XXXX and @entity1746 from intrathecal @entity1499 and @entity2592 contaminated with trace amounts of @entity1891 in China during 2007.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic damage']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['paraparesis']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['Vincristine', 'vincristine']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

answer: @entity451 :: (MESH:C536857,Disease) :: ['Paraplegia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy and safety of infliximab in the treatment of refractory posterior @entity1596 . DESIGN: Noncomparative interventional case series. @entity1 : Five @entity1 with posterior @entity1596 were treated: 3 had Beh  et's syndrome, and 2 had @entity23351 . INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 with sight-threatening @entity1596 refractory to other immunosuppressive agents were treated with infliximab. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Intraocular inflammation, by using binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy score, @entity4816 , and visual acuity. Adverse effects of infliximab were documented. RESULTS: Within 2 weeks of the first infusion of infliximab, 4 of 5 @entity1 showed marked improvement in vitreous haze and visual acuity. By the 6-month follow-up, the same four @entity1 had achieved remission of posterior @entity1596 and had successfully withdrawn all other immunosuppressive therapy. Further infusions of infliximab were required in 3 @entity1 . One @entity1 developed @entity24181 , which responded to antituberculous treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Infliximab is effective in the treatment of sight-threatening refractory posterior @entity1596 . However, @entity1 should be thoroughly screened for @entity378 before treatment and followed up closely during and after therapy with infliximab.

title: Infliximab in the treatment of refractory posterior XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity23351 :: ('MESH:D015866', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic posterior uveitis']

entities_list: @entity24181 :: ('MESH:D014392', 'Disease') :: ['ocular and systemic tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity4816 :: ('MESH:D031300', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vasculitis']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Jumping translocations (JT) are uncommon cytogenetic abnormalities involving nonreciprocal translocations of a single donor chromosome onto 2 or more chromosomes. The clinical characteristics and prognosis of JTs in @entity1 with @entity5 are not well described. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched our cytogenetic database from 2003 to 2014 to identify cases of @entity5 associated with a JT. These cases were cross-referenced with our clinical databases to determine @entity1 characteristics, response to treatment and overall survival. RESULTS: We identified 10 @entity1 with @entity5 and a JT: 4 cases of @entity3052 with @entity2590 -related changes, 4 cases of @entity2590 , and 2 cases of postpolycythemia @entity4018 . The donor segment was derived from chromosome 1 in every case. The acquisition of a JT was a late occurrence, with a median time to JT development of 24.9 months (range, 0-248 months) from diagnosis. The overall response to treatment was poor, with no @entity1 experiencing a response to conventional chemotherapy or hypomethylating agents. The median overall survival for the group was 9 months (95% confidence interval, 2.5-15.5) after identification of a JT. CONCLUSION: The acquisition of a JT in @entity1 with @entity5 appears to be a late event and is associated with @entity2590 . In our series, this was associated with a poor prognosis with a poor response to treatment, disease transformation to @entity3052 , and short overall survival.

title: Jumping Translocations in XXXX Associated With Treatment Resistance and Poor Survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'myelodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['myelofibrosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Myeloid Malignancies']


abstract: Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play pivotal roles in plant innate immunity. Overexpression of StMEK1( @entity336 ), a constitutively active MAPK kinase that activates @entity3785 -induced protein kinase (SIPK) and wound-induced protein kinase (WIPK), provokes @entity66 in Nicotiana benthamiana. Here we purified a 51-kD MAPK, which was activated in @entity415 ( @entity415 ) tubers treated with hyphal wall elicitor of a plant pathogen, and isolated the cDNA designated @entity69070 . The deduced @entity535 sequence of the @entity69070 showed strong similarity to stress-responsive MAPKs, such as @entity286 ( @entity286 ) SIPK and @entity958 ( @entity958 ) @entity32689 . To investigate the downstream signaling of @entity69070 , we identified several proteins phosphorylated by @entity69070 (PPSs) using an in vitro expression cloning method. To dissect the biological function of PPSs in the plant defense, we employed virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in N. benthamiana. VIGS of NbPPS3 significantly delayed cell @entity204 induced by the transient expression of StMEK1( @entity336 ) and treatment with hyphal wall elicitor. Furthermore, the mobility shift of NbPPS3 on @entity214 - @entity2975 gel was induced by transient expression of StMEK1( @entity336 ). The mobility shift of NbPPS3 induced by StMEK1( @entity336 ) was not compromised by VIGS of WIPK or SIPK alone, but drastically reduced by the silencing of both WIPK and SIPK. This work strongly supports the idea that PPS3 is a physiological substrate of @entity69070 and is involved in cell @entity204 activated by a MAPK cascade.

title: Involvement of PPS3 phosphorylated by elicitor-responsive mitogen-activated protein kinases in the regulation of plant cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco', 'Nicotiana tabacum']

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitive response-like cell death']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity415 :: ('4113', 'Species') :: ['potato', 'Solanum tuberosum']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: @entity19396 (cADPR) is a novel cyclic @entity377 derived from @entity2125 that has now been established as a general @entity141 messenger in a wide variety of cells. Despite the obvious importance of monitoring its cellular levels under various physiological conditions, its measurement has been technically difficult and requires specialized reagents. In this study a widely applicable high-sensitivity assay for cADPR is described. @entity857 - @entity13338 cyclase normally catalyses the synthesis of cADPR from @entity2125 , but the reaction can be reversed in the presence of high concentrations of @entity4571 , producing @entity2125 from cADPR stoichiometrically. The resultant @entity2125 can then be coupled to a cycling assay involving @entity167 dehydrogenase and @entity45299 . Each time @entity2125 cycles through these coupled reactions, a molecule of highly fluorescent @entity30368 is generated. The reaction can be conducted for hours, resulting in more than a thousand-fold amplification of cADPR. Concentrations of cADPR in the nanomolar range can be measured routinely. The unique ability of @entity857 - @entity13338 cyclase to catalyse the reverse reaction provides the required specificity. Using this assay, it is demonstrated that cADPR is present in all tissues tested and that the levels measured are directly comparable with those obtained using a radioimmunoassay. All the necessary reagents are widely available and the assay can be performed using a multiwell fluorescence plate reader, providing a high-throughput method for monitoring cADPR levels. This assay should be valuable in elucidating the messenger role of cADPR in cells.

title: A novel cycling assay for cellular XXXX with nanomolar sensitivity.

entities_list: @entity30368 :: ('CHEBI:51602', 'Chemical') :: ['resorufin']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity19396 :: ('MESH:D036563', 'Chemical') :: ['cADP-ribose']

entities_list: @entity4571 :: ('MESH:D009536', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide']

answer: @entity19396 :: (MESH:D036563,Chemical) :: ['cADP-ribose']


abstract: @entity788 has the worst prognosis of all @entity5 with a dismal 5-year survival rate. Hence, there is a tremendous need for development of new and effective therapy for this @entity5 . In an earlier study we reported a potent antitumor activity of @entity70494 (AuriPE) against @entity788 . In addition, we have also reported that @entity10186 (bryo1) induces @entity1778 cells, but the effect of bryo1 has not been investigated in @entity788 . This is the first report where we demonstrate that bryo1 induces differentiation and potentiates the antitumor effect of AuriPE in a @entity1 @entity788 (PANC-1) xenograft model. A xenograft model was established by injecting the PANC-1 cells s.c. in @entity466 ( @entity466 ) @entity19 . After development of the s.c. @entity5 , @entity5 were dissected and small fragments were transplanted in vivo to new @entity466 @entity19 , with a success rate of 100% and a doubling time of 4.8 days. The @entity466 @entity19 xenograft model was used to test the in vivo differentiation effect of bryo1 and its efficacy when given alone or in combination with AuriPE. Sections from paraffin-embedded @entity5 excised from untreated (control) @entity466 @entity19 revealed typical poorly differentiated @entity420 . Interestingly, sections of s.c. @entity5 taken from bryo1-treated @entity19 revealed @entity189 that were much lower grade and less aggressive, and displayed prominent squamous and glandular differentiation. In this study, the @entity5 growth inhibition (T/C), activity score and cure rate for bryo1, AuriPE and bryo1+AuriPE were 80%, (+) and 0/4; 0.0%, (++++) and 3/5; and 0.0%, (++++) and 3/4, respectively. @entity19 treated with either AuriPE or bryo1+AuriPE were free of @entity5 for more than 150 days and were considered cured. The use of bryo1 as a novel differentiating agent and its combination with AuriPE should be further explored for the treatment of @entity420 .

title: XXXX induces differentiation and potentiates the antitumor effect of @entity70494 in a @entity1 @entity788 (PANC-1) xenograft model.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic tumors', 'Pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity10186 :: ('MESH:C046785', 'Chemical') :: ['bryostatin 1']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity70494 :: ('MESH:C105791', 'Chemical') :: ['Auristatin PE']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['differentiation of leukemia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity466 :: ('MESH:D016511', 'Disease') :: ['severe combined immune deficient', 'SCID']

answer: @entity10186 :: (MESH:C046785,Chemical) :: ['Bryostatin 1']


abstract: CONTEXT: Assessment techniques used to measure functional tasks involving active trunk control are restricted to linear movements that lack the explosive movements and dynamic tasks associated with activities of daily living and sport. Reliable clinical methods used to assess the diagonal and ballistic movements about the trunk are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To assess the interday reliability of peak muscular power outputs while @entity1 performed diagonal @entity3726 and lift tests and maintained a stable trunk. DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. SETTING: University research laboratory. @entity1 OR OTHER @entity1 : Eighteen healthy individuals (10 @entity1 and 8 @entity1 ; age = 32    11 years, height = 168    12 cm, mass = 80    19 kg) from the general population participated. INTERVENTION(S): @entity1 performed 2 power tests ( @entity3726 , lift) using an isotonic dynamometer and 3 endurance tests (Biering-S  rensen, side-plank left, side-plank right) to assess active trunk control. Testing was performed on 3 different days separated by at least 1 week. Reliability was compared between days 1 and 2 and between days 2 and 3. Correlations between the power and endurance tests were evaluated to determine the degree of similarity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Peak muscular power outputs (watts) derived from a 1-repetition maximum protocol for the @entity3726 and lift tests were collected for both the right and left sides. RESULTS: Intraclass correlation coefficients for peak muscular power were highly reliable for the @entity3726 (range, 0.87-0.98), lift (range, 0.83-0.96), and endurance (range, 0.80-0.98) tests between test sessions. The correlations between the power assessments and the Biering-S  rensen test (r range, -0.008 to 0.017) were low. The side-plank tests were moderately correlated with the @entity3726 (r range, 0.528-0.590) and the lift (r range, 0.359-0.467) tests. CONCLUSIONS: The diagonal @entity3726 and lift power protocol generated reliable data and appears to be a dynamic test that simulates functional tasks, which require dynamic trunk control.

title: Interday reliability of peak muscular power outputs on an isotonic dynamometer and assessment of active trunk control using the XXXX and lift tests.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'PATIENTS', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

answer: @entity3726 :: (1649,Gene) :: ['chop']


abstract: AIM: This retrospective study aimed to investigate the effect of @entity5173 ( @entity5173 ) in the management of @entity174 @entity1 with internal fixation instrument exposure caused by early @entity86 after open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). METHODS: Fourteen @entity1 (11 @entity1 , 3 @entity1 , age range 9-63 years) with spinal and extremities @entity174 were enrolled in this study, including atlanto-axial @entity174 (N.=1), thoraco-lumbar @entity174 (N.=1), humerus @entity174 (N.=1), @entity3330 (N.=2), humerus @entity174 together with @entity3330 (N.=1), @entity174 of @entity2091 and @entity17630 (N.=3), L1 @entity174 together with @entity2091 and @entity17630 @entity174 (N.=2), L1 @entity174 (N.=2) and L1 @entity174 complicated by @entity2175 (N.=1). @entity281 occurred at the surgical incisions 1-7 days after ORIF operation. Deep spread of the infection caused exposure of internal fixation device. All @entity1 underwent local debridement with retention of internal fixation device. @entity5173 foam dressings containing the drainage tube were placed into the wound, covering external fixation devices and fully eliminating the dead space of soft tissue to avoid effusion. Continuous drainage and @entity5173 irrigation was performed for 24 h with regular replacement of @entity5173 . RESULTS: After 14-43 days of @entity5173 treatment, internal fixation devices were covered by healthy granulation tissue and complete wound healing was achieved. During a postoperative follow-up period of between 2 to 52 months, physical examinations and imaging studies of all @entity1 showed good functional recovery, no loosening of internal fixation devices, and no @entity281 . CONCLUSION: The use of @entity5173 , while retaining the internal fixation device can be safe and effective with earlier wound healing and functional recovery.

title: Application of @entity5173 in the treatment of internal fixation instrument exposure after early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fractured', 'vertebral fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['vacuum sealing drainage', 'VSD']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Infections', 'systemic or local infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infection']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral fracture']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative infection']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Sequential endocrine therapy (ET) is recommended for postmenopausal @entity1 with hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/ @entity1 epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative ( @entity1722 -) metastatic @entity0 (mBC) and without visceral symptoms. Chemotherapy (CT) can be considered after sequential ETs, but is associated with adverse side effects. We assessed physicians' preferences and self-reported prescribing patterns for ET and CT in the treatment of HR+/ @entity1722 - mBC at community practices in the United States. Community-based oncologists/hematologists from a nationwide online panel who treated postmenopausal @entity1 with HR+/ @entity1722 - mBC were invited to complete a survey, blinded to the identity of study sponsor. Treatment preferences were collected by treatment class of ET-based regimens versus CT and by agent for postmenopausal HR+/ @entity1722 - mBC @entity1 after prior nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor use in the adjuvant or mBC setting. Among 213 physicians who completed the survey, 78% were male, 71% were based in small/intermediate practices (2-9 oncologists/subspecialists), 55% had >10  years of experience, and 58% referred to the National @entity5 Network Guidelines when treating mBC. Among first-line ETs, @entity13558 was the most frequently used treatment (35%), followed by @entity2239 -based (EVE, 34%) and @entity1299 -based (FUL, 15%) therapy. After first-line ET, the most preferred second- and third-line treatments were ET monotherapy (48% and 39%), ET combination therapy (31% and 19%), and CT monotherapy (13% and 30%). Comparing EVE versus FUL, physicians preferred EVE in all lines but first line. Efficacy was the most important consideration for treatment choice. Physicians prescribed CT in early lines mainly because of visceral symptoms. This survey of treatment patterns for HR+/ @entity1722 - mBC in community practice suggested that after first-line ET, ET mono- or combination therapy was commonly used for the second- and third-line treatments and CT monotherapy for third- or later line treatments. CTs were used in early lines for @entity1 with visceral symptoms.

title: Physician experiences and preferences in the treatment of HR+/ @entity1722 - metastatic XXXX in the United States: a  physician survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Comprehensive Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['everolimus']

entities_list: @entity13558 :: ('MESH:C090450', 'Chemical') :: ['anastrozole']

entities_list: @entity1299 :: ('MESH:C070081', 'Chemical') :: ['fulvestrant']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: This multicenter phase I/II study investigated the maximum tolerated dose ( @entity21035 ), safety, and efficacy of low dose intravenous (IV) @entity3601 in combination with @entity1749 for @entity1 with relapsed @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ). @entity1 received @entity1749 1.3 mg/m(2) on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 and escalating doses of IV @entity3601 (2.5-10.0 mg/m(2)) on day 2 of a 28-day cycle for a maximum of eight cycles. @entity619 20 mg was added for progressive or stable disease. Fifty-three @entity1 were enrolled. The @entity21035 was defined at @entity3601 7.5 mg/m(2) and @entity1749 1.3 mg/m(2). The overall response rate (ORR) was 68% (23% complete or near-complete responses [ @entity14078 ]) whilst at the @entity21035 (n = 33) the ORR was 76% (34% @entity14078 ). After median follow-up of 17 months, the median progression free survival was 10 months, rising to 12 months at the @entity21035 (P < 0.05 vs. non- @entity21035 regimens). The median overall survival was 28 months, but was not yet reached at the @entity21035 . Grade 3/4 adverse events included @entity882 (62%), @entity1398 (57%), @entity281 (21%), and @entity16 (15%). @entity1749 and low-dose IV @entity3601 combination therapy is a safe and highly effective regimen for @entity1 with relapsed @entity1582 . These data suggest further investigation of this combination is warranted.

title: @entity1749 , low-dose intravenous @entity3601 , and XXXX for @entity1 with relapsed @entity1582 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['melphalan']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib', 'Bortezomib']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: We present a case in which @entity2898 was applied for @entity121 following the administration of @entity19271 . An emergency surgery under general anesthesia was planned for a 43-year-old male @entity1 due to an L1 vertebral corpus and right tibia-fibula shaft fracture. Anesthesia was induced with @entity3575 , @entity1875 and @entity3303 . After applying only 30mg of the total induction dose of @entity2898 , it was learned that the neurological examination should be controlled again from the surgeon because of the controversial of the @entity51 . As a result, @entity1 awakened from anesthesia. We administered 2mg/kg @entity19271 and spontaneous breathing of @entity1 returned immediately. The @entity1 became conscious and orientated immediately afterwards. The neurological examination of the lower extremities was performed. The @entity1 was anesthetized once again and 0.6mg/kg @entity2898 was given in order to gain neoromuscular block approximately 10min after @entity19271 administration. 2min later, the @entity1 was smoothly intubated. Neuromuscular monitorization was not used because of emergency. We administered 2mg/kg @entity19271 at the end of the procedure and the @entity1 was extubated. The most suitable time for the re-establishment of @entity2898 following @entity19271 is currently unclear. This case showed that @entity4094 can be effectively re-induced by @entity2898 following the reversal of @entity2898 -induced @entity4094 with @entity19271 . In this case, we consider that the ability to effectively reuse normal induction doses of @entity2898 is an important clinical observation.

title: Case report: @entity4094 induced by XXXX following @entity19271 administration.

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular block']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle relaxation']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity2898 :: ('MESH:C061870', 'Chemical') :: ['rocuronium']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity19271 :: ('MESH:C453980', 'Chemical') :: ['sugammadex']

answer: @entity2898 :: (MESH:C061870,Chemical) :: ['rocuronium']


abstract: The fumigant activity of essential oil vapors distilled from sweet basil Ocimum basilicum L. and spearmint Mentha spicata L. (Lamiaceae) were tested against two major stored products pests Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller) and Plodia interpunctella (H  bner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Various oil doses (0.5, 2.5, 5, 50, 250, 500, 1,000, and 1,500   l/liter air), for an exposure period of 24   h, were tested. The essential oils were subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and revealed that the major compounds were for spearmint oil @entity23919 (67.1%) and @entity4108 (+1,8 cineole; 14.3%) and for basil oil @entity22527 (45.9%), 1,8 cineole (16.7%) and @entity4744 (10.3%). Apart from a few exceptions, no significant differences in insecticidal action were observed between basil and spearmint oil. Both oils were highly effective against adult moths, given that notable mortality (>80%) was recorded after exposure to low doses such as 2.5     l/liter. Noteworthy, egg mortality was also recorded, reaching 73-79% for basil and 56-60% for spearmint. @entity137 data indicated that larvae and pupae were the most tolerant stages in all cases. Larval mortality never exceeded 21 and 18%, for basil and spearmint, respectively, irrespective of moth species. Basil and spearmint oils displayed mortalities as high as 38 and 28% in pupae. Lethal doses (LD50 and LD99) values were estimated via probit analysis. Developmental stage proved to be a significant factor, whereas the effect of oil species on insect mortality was insignificant. With the exception of adult individuals, basil and spearmint oils did not show satisfactory overall insecticidal activity against E. kuehniella and P. interpunctella.

title: Fumigant XXXX of Essential Oils from Basil and Spearmint Against Two Major Pyralid Pests of Stored Products.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4108 :: ('MESH:C008281', 'Chemical') :: ['limonene']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Toxicity']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) has been applied to attenuate drug relapses in animal studies and clinical treatments. However, the mechanisms by which DBS produces its therapeutic effects remain largely unknown. This study is the first to combine @entity921 -enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with DBS to explore the effects of accumbal DBS on the relapse pathway of @entity35 . The images suggested that DBS produced an antidromic activation of the cortico-accumbal afferents. To verify the activating effects of DBS, the expression levels of the protein encoded by the immediate early gene @entity5019 following DBS were measured using immunochemical methods. Intra-shell DBS increased @entity5019 expression at the site of stimulation as well as in the infralimbic prefrontal cortex (IL), and increased @entity5019 -expressing GABAergic interneurons in the IL. This activity is consistent with a previous study demonstrating that DBS of the NAc shell attenuated @entity2072 reinstatement via local activation and/or the activation of GABAergic interneurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). For further examination, @entity3303 was microinjected into the NAc shell to block the fibers during DBS before the reinstatement test. Inactivation of the target fibers attenuated the effects of DBS on the reinstatement of @entity1286 seeking. Moreover, @entity1246 receptor antagonists administered into the IL weakened the effect of DBS, while @entity1246 receptor agonists microinjected into the IL attenuated the reinstatement of @entity1286 seeking.

title: Exploring the mechanism by which accumbal deep brain stimulation attenuates XXXX -induced reinstatement through @entity921 -enhanced MRI and pharmacological intervention.

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Sequence variations in the @entity29714 ( @entity29714 ) gene account for approximately 2% to 4% of @entity726 cases. One particular @entity29714 mutation, @entity30607 (dbSNP accession number: @entity66928 ), is the most common genetic mutation causing @entity726 by @entity2790 (IOP). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of this @entity29714 mutation on IOP using data from large-scale European population panels (directly sequenced and imputation based). DESIGN: Cross-sectional, cohort study. @entity1 : For this study, the penetrance of the variant @entity66928 was estimated in 2 population-based cohorts, the TwinsUK (N = 6092) and the Rotterdam Study (RS) (N =11 189). METHODS: Carriers of the risk allele for @entity66928 were identified using whole-genome sequencing and imputation data (based on 1000 Genomes Project and Haplotype Reference Consortium panels). The penetrance of this variant was evaluated using IOP measurements and data on visual field testing/a diagnosis of @entity726 (if available). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The penetrance of the variant @entity66928 was estimated from the percentage of the carriers of the risk allele of the variant who had high IOP ( @entity2790 ) or @entity726 . RESULTS: In our study, the observed penetrance of the variant @entity66928 in relation to increased IOP was 12.5% and 19.4% in the TwinsUK and the RS, respectively. Thus, our study suggests a much lower penetrance for @entity66928 for @entity2790 (and thus @entity726 ), in comparison with that reported previously. CONCLUSIONS: The significance of this finding is that higher numbers of healthy individuals in the population are expected to be carriers of this mutation, which in turn reduces the utility of identifying carriers of this mutation as a screening tool for @entity726 .

title: Evaluation of the @entity29714 Mutation Gln368Stop Demonstrates Reduced Penetrance for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity30607 :: ('p|SUB|Q|368|X', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Gln368Stop']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['increasing intraocular pressure', 'ocular hypertension']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['Glaucoma in European Populations']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of electronic health record (EHR) implementation on primary care @entity6 care. DATA SOURCES: Charts were abstracted semi-annually for 14,051 @entity6 @entity1 seen in 34 primary care practices in a large, fee-for-service network from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2010. The study sample was limited to @entity1 aged 40 years or older. STUDY DESIGN: A naturalistic experiment in which GE Centricity Physician Office-EMR 2005 was rolled out over a staggered 3-year schedule. DATA COLLECTION: Chart audits were conducted using the AMA/Physician Consortium Adult @entity6 Measure set. The primary outcome was the HealthPartners' "optimal care" measure: HbA1c  <= 8 percent; LDL @entity165 < 100 mg/dl; blood pressure < 130/80 mmHg; not smoking; and documented @entity117 use in @entity1 >=  40 years of age. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: After adjusting for @entity1 age, sex, and insulin use, @entity1 exposed to the EHR were significantly more likely to receive "optimal care" when compared with unexposed @entity1 (p < .001), with an estimated difference of 9.20 percent (95% CI: 6.08, 12.33) in the final year between exposed @entity1 and @entity1 never exposed. Components of the optimal care bundle showing positive improvement after adjustment were systolic blood pressure <80 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure <130 mmHg, @entity117 prescription, and smoking cessation. Among @entity1 exposed to EHR, all process and outcome measures except HbA1c and lipid control showed significant improvement. CONCLUSION: Implementation of a commercially available EHR in primary care practice may improve @entity6 care and clinical outcomes.

title: The effectiveness of implementing an electronic health record on XXXX care and outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate systematic thyroid ultrasonography (US) relevance in newly diagnosed @entity2743 among @entity1 presenting without palpable @entity9384 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We consecutively recruited 208 cases of @entity2743 without palpable @entity9384 . All @entity1 were screened for thyroid antibodies and underwent a thyroid US. Ultrasonically guided biopsy was proposed for the assessment of all @entity9384 upper or equal to 10mm in diameter. RESULTS: Two third of @entity1 had an @entity1374 requiring an US. One third of @entity1 had a normal thyroid at palpation and US was consequently unwarranted. Among all @entity1 , US detected non-palpable @entity9384 in 26% of cases. We found no smears suspected to be cancerous. CONCLUSIONS: In newly diagnosed @entity2743 , the US relevance is only questionable in @entity1 without @entity1374 . Ultrasonography detected non-palpable @entity9384 and none was suspected to be cancerous. These data suggest that US is not useful in @entity1 without @entity1374 . Nevertheless, the recent Thyroid Imaging-Reporting And Data System classification (TI-RADS) might change our conclusions. The TI-RADS classification indeed improves the selection of @entity9384 lower than 10mm in diameter requiring a biopsy. Nodules lower than 10mm in diameter were not biopsied in the present study. The other US data presented herein (echogenicity, vascularisation) provide no further relevance for systematic US in newly diagnosed @entity1 .

title: Screening for thyroid cancer according to French recommendations with thyroid ultrasound in newly diagnosed XXXX without palpable @entity9384 is not useful.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal thyroid at palpation']

entities_list: @entity9384 :: ('MESH:D016606', 'Disease') :: ['nodule', 'nodules']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['Graves' disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the correlations in target volumes based on @entity419 PET/CT and four-dimensional CT (4DCT) to detect the feasibility of implementing PET in determining gross target volumes (GTV) for @entity5 motion for primary @entity418 (EC). METHODS: Thirty-three @entity1 with EC sequentially underwent contrast-enhanced 3DCT, 4DCT, and @entity419 PET-CT thoracic simulation. The internal gross target volume (IGTV)10 was obtained by combining the GTV from ten phases of 4DCT. The GTVs based on PET/CT images were defined by setting of different standardized uptake value thresholds and visual contouring. The difference in volume ratio, conformity index (CI), and @entity2803 ( @entity2803 ) between IGTV10 and GTVPET was compared. RESULTS: The images from 20 @entity1 were suitable for further analysis. The optimal volume ratio of 0.95  0.32, 1.06  0.50, 1.07  0.49 was at standardized uptake value (SUV)2.5, SUV20%, or manual contouring. The mean CIs were from 0.33 to 0.54. The best CIs were at SUV2.0 (0.51  0.11), SUV2.5 (0.53  0.13), SUV20% (0.53  0.12), and manual contouring (0.54  0.14). The mean DIs of GTVPET in IGTV10 were from 0.60 to 0.90, and the mean DIs of IGTV10 in GTVPET ranged from 0.35 to 0.78. A negative correlation was found between the mean CI and different SUV (P=0.000). CONCLUSION: None of the PET-based contours had both close spatial and volumetric approximation to the 4DCT IGTV10. Further evaluation and optimization of PET as a tool for target identification are required.

title: A comparative study of target volumes based on XXXX PET-CT and ten phases of 4DCT for primary @entity418 .

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['degree of inclusion', 'DI']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['(18)F-FDG']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to analyze changes in the T-helper cell 1/T-helper cell 2 ( @entity1198 /Th2) balance of peripheral T-helper cells after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (auto-PBSCT) for @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) and to evaluate the effects of chemotherapy and @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) on the @entity1198 /Th2 balance. A series of peripheral blood samples from four @entity1 with @entity1893 were collected before peripheral blood stem cell harvest and after auto-PBSCT. Using flow cytometry, @entity1198 and Th2 cells were identified by their intracellular cytokines: @entity379 + and @entity3646 +/ @entity379 -, respectively. The @entity1198 /Th2 balance was estimated as the ratio of IL4-/ @entity379 + cells to @entity3646 +/ @entity379 - cells. Although the @entity1198 /Th2 balance decreased initially, it increased markedly 28 days after the cessation of @entity1261 , following auto-PBSCT, in parallel with an increase in lymphocytes. This increase was mainly due to an increase in the proportion of @entity1198 cells. The @entity1198 /Th2 balance did not change appreciably before PBSC harvest. Serum @entity379 increased after auto-PBSCT in three @entity1 . These preliminary data demonstrate that, after auto-PBSCT for @entity1893 , the @entity1198 /Th2 balance decreases initially and then increases after 1 month to levels above pretreatment levels and that the effects of chemotherapy and @entity1261 on the @entity1198 /Th2 balance are negligible before PBSC harvest. Further evaluation of the @entity1198 /Th2 balance after allogeneic PBSCT at the single-cell level should be undertaken using this method.

title: Changes in the T-helper cell 1/T-helper cell 2 balance of peripheral T-helper cells after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'interleukin (IL)-4-/interferon (IFN)-gamma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: An in vitro glucuronidation assay was used to optimize a series of @entity36174 -containing @entity1437 inhibitors for metabolic stability. The glucuronidation of these compounds in @entity5434 microsomes followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics allowing calculation of V(max) and K(M). The V(max) values ranged from 0.02 to 7.9 nmol/min/mg microsomal protein, a 400-fold difference, whereas K(M) ranged from 204 to 2500 microM, only a 12-fold difference. In vitro intrinsic clearance values (CL(int) were calculated for 18 compounds tested in the kinetic assay and compared with the in vivo plasma clearance (CL(p)) calculated from intravenous studies done in @entity5434 . These initial results suggested a relationship between the in vitro CL(int) and in vivo duration as defined by CL(p). A more rapid in vitro assay was developed in a 96-well format using a single concentration of substrate (100 microM) from which a glucuronidation rate was calculated. The results from this assay for 40 compounds correlated with in vivo plasma clearance (r = 0.57). This more efficient assay was used to test more than 100 compounds and develop structure-metabolism relationships based on metabolic stability and improved duration. The culmination of this effort contributed to the discovery of @entity70339 , a @entity1437 inhibitor with in vivo duration in monkey improved 40-fold over thefirst generation inhibitor. Further studies performed in @entity1 liver microsomes demonstrated a similar trend that was corroborated by the 8-fold increase in duration after oral dosing in @entity1 observed with @entity70339 .

title: Improving the in vivo duration of XXXX inhibitors: application of an in vitro glucuronosyltransferase assay.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkey', 'cynomolgus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity36174 :: ('CHEBI:44423', 'Chemical') :: ['N-hydroxyurea']

answer: @entity1437 :: (240,Gene) :: ['5-lipoxygenase']


abstract: Repeated @entity1317 , because it challenges already activated cells, may elicit a reaction that differs from that provoked by a single injury. We compared the response of @entity35 aorta to single and @entity130 and tested the inhibitory effect of heparin in both situations. For repeated injury, the first and second lesions were induced 3 weeks apart. Two weeks after repeated injury, the @entity8233 that existed from the first lesion had expanded, with significant increases in intima-media wet weight and its DNA and @entity4116 content and in the intima-to-media (I/M) thickness ratio. Two days after repeated injury, the expression of @entity1975 ( @entity1975 ) was enhanced in both the media and the intima, indicating that cells from both layers are involved in the aortic response to a second lesion. As established previously, treatment with heparin (continuous intravenous administration, 50 IU/kg.h-1) almost totally suppressed the response to single injury. However, heparin only attenuated the response to repeated injury, with a partial decrease in intima-media wet weight and its DNA and @entity4116 content and in I/M thickness ratio. @entity1975 labeling showed that heparin inhibited the proliferative activity in medial cells much more strongly than in intimal cells. In conclusion, repeated @entity130 elicits a reaction of both the media and preexisting @entity8233 . In this mixed response, neointimal smooth muscle cells are less sensitive than medial cells to inhibition by heparin, which results in a weakened effect of the drug on the fibromuscular reaction.

title: @entity130 of @entity35 aorta. A model of XXXX with attenuated inhibition by heparin.

entities_list: @entity1975 :: ('25737(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['PCNA', 'proliferating cell nuclear antigen']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['arterial injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['aortic injury', 'double balloon injury']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['neointima']

answer: @entity8233 :: (MESH:D058426,Disease) :: ['neointima']


abstract: Deuteration provides a novel means for studying metabolism in biological organisms and avoids the use of radioisotopes. Ingestion of @entity2768 enriched drinking water causes @entity6189 to be metabolically incorporated into molecules within tissues. The incorporation of @entity6189 into various chemical functional groups then can be monitored via infrared spectroscopy. The excellent spatial resolution that can be achieved with Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) microspectrometers allows collection of infrared spectra from select microscopic regions of tissue specimens. Thus, combining deuteration together with FT-IR microspectroscopy enables analysis of metabolic activities by probing subregions within the microscopic field. In the present study, adult @entity35 were given drinking water containing 30% or 40% @entity2768 for 5 1/2 weeks. Frozen sections were prepared from the cerebellum, and infrared spectra were collected from the molecular layer, granule cell layer and white matter with FT-IR microspectrometers, using both conventional and synchrotron sources. The CD:CH and @entity11702 , @entity5771 :NH, @entity2145 ratios were highest in the molecular layer and lowest in the white matter. The high ratios in the molecular layer are consistent with the active synthesis and recycling at synapses, which are abundant structures in this layer. The low levels in the white matter are consistent with radioactive measures that found slow turnovers of proteins and lipids in myelin, which is the main constituent of white matter. In addition to describing the metabolic incorporation of @entity6189 , a graphic description of the distribution of chemical functional groups in the various layers of the cerebellum is presented. In summary, this study demonstrates that FT-IR microspectroscopy in conjunction with administration of @entity2768 in drinking water can be used to reveal relative metabolic activities in various layers of the cerebellum. We predict that metabolic activities in other tissues and tissues in different states, e.g., disease states, can be analyzed in a similar manner.

title: FT-IR microspectroscopic detection of metabolically deuterated compounds in the XXXX cerebellum: a novel approach for the study of brain metabolism.

entities_list: @entity6189 :: ('MESH:D003903', 'Chemical') :: ['deuterium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Rurally situated African Americans suffer from stress and drug-related health disparities. Unfortunately, research on potential mechanisms that underlie this public health problem have received limited focus in the scientific literature. This study investigated the effects of perceived stress, @entity285 consumption, and genotype on the @entity2339 . METHODS: A rural sample of African American emerging adults (n = 84) completed a battery of assessments and provided six samples of salivary @entity701 at wakeup, 30 min post wakeup, 90 min post wakeup, 3:00 PM, 3:30 PM, and 4:30 PM. RESULTS: @entity1 with a TT genotype of the @entity20583 ( @entity69543 ) gene tended to produce the most basal @entity701 throughout the day while @entity1 with a CC genotype produced the least amount. Increased levels of perceived stress or @entity285 consumption were associated with a blunted @entity701 awakening response (CAR). Moreover, the CAR was obliterated for @entity1 who reported both higher stress and @entity285 consumption. CONCLUSION: Perceived stress and @entity285 consumption had a deleterious effect on the @entity2339 . Furthermore, genotype predicted level of @entity701 production throughout the day. These findings support the need to further investigate the relationship between @entity1642 , drug-use vulnerability, and associated health disparities that affect this community.

title: The relationship between XXXX consumption, perceived stress, and @entity20583 genotype on the @entity2339 in rural African Americans.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['HPA-Axis', 'hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) Axis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['stress dysregulation']

answer: @entity285 :: (D000431,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: The importance of @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) due to @entity49 is recognized in the treatment of @entity455 . We have investigated the physiological effects of plasmin generation in experimental acute @entity1151 using @entity19 deficient in plasminogen ( @entity43312 -/-) or @entity54663 ( @entity54663 -/-). @entity1151 was induced by continuous induction of @entity1211 in the left jugular vein by endothelial injury due to photochemical reaction. The mortality of wild-type @entity19 was 68.8% at 2 h after the initiation of @entity49 and it was significantly reduced in @entity54663 -/- @entity19 (41.7%). In contrast, @entity43312 -/- @entity19 did not survive. Histological evidence of @entity1031 in the lung was obtained in all @entity19 . However, whereas a strict @entity1031 was observed in @entity43312 -/- @entity19 , only a few thrombi were detected in the lungs of @entity54663 -/- @entity19 . Plasma fibrinogen levels measured in @entity19 were not different. When @entity54663 was infused in @entity54663 -/- @entity19 , the mortality was indistinguishable from wild-type @entity19 . Tissue-type plasminogen activator ( @entity865 ) did not reduce the mortality due to acute @entity1151 in wild-type @entity19 . However, in @entity54663 -/- @entity19 , @entity865 (0.52 mg x kg-1) significantly decreased the mortality compared with that of @entity54663 -/- @entity19 without @entity865 . The bleeding time was not significantly prolonged in either type of @entity19 treated with @entity865 . The lack of plasminogen increases the mortality due to acute @entity1151 while a lack of @entity54663 decreases the mortality rate, which can be further reduced by @entity865 administration. Therefore, the combination of inhibition of @entity54663 with thrombolytic therapy could be beneficial in the treatment of acute @entity1151 .

title: @entity54663 plays a significant role in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombus']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['acute pulmonary embolism']


abstract: @entity796 produces a low basal level of @entity32168 (0.002 to 0.004 IU/mg of protein when @entity3397 is used as substrate). The @entity32168 specific activity can be increased several hundredfold by growing the bacteria in the presence of @entity3405 antibiotics. This induction was studied in @entity796 1822s. The single-cell resistance to @entity3397 was 750 mug/ml. In liquid culture all concentrations of @entity3397 tested (25 to 2,000 mug/ml) affected the bacteria similarly: @entity32168 formation was induced, the cells became cholate sensitive, growth rate decreased, filaments were formed, and @entity32168 was excreted. The effect appeared earlier the higher the concentration of the antibiotic. Most of the effects obtained are concerned with the functioning of the outer membrane. The excretion of @entity32168 seems to be due to an opening of the periplasmic volume rather than to lysis of the cells. @entity7911 gave the same effects as @entity3397 at the same concentrations; the 10-fold lower resistance to @entity7911 than to @entity3397 can be explained by the inability of the inducible @entity32168 to hydrolyze @entity7911 . The induced @entity32168 was first cell bound and to a great extent located in the periplasmic volume, but later it was excreted into the medium. This extracellular activity was responsible for the detoxification of the medium. This is analogous to the behavior of gram-positive bacteria rather than to that of Enterobacteriaceae.

title: Effects of sublethal concentrations of @entity3397 on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity7911 :: ('MESH:D002228', 'Chemical') :: ['carbenicillin', 'Carbenicillin']

entities_list: @entity3397 :: ('MESH:D010400', 'Chemical') :: ['benzylpenicillin']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study aims to describe time trends of epidemiologic characteristics and imaging features over 14 years among histologically confirmed @entity2220 ( @entity420 ) in China and to discuss the possible reasons for these changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data of 21,113 pathologically confirmed @entity2 @entity1 from January 1999 to December 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. Preoperative high-resolution computer tomography (HRCT) images were available and reviewed in 5,439 lung @entity420 @entity1 since 2005. Time trends of the @entity420 proportion of @entity2 cases, gender distribution, age at diagnosis, the proportion of early-stage @entity420 and imaging features were investigated. RESULTS: The proportion of @entity420 increased during the 14 years (P = 0.000). The ratio of female to male @entity420 cases was higher than both @entity957 ( @entity957 ) and @entity2 cases (P = 0.000). The median age at diagnosis of @entity420 @entity1 was younger than that of both @entity5 during the 14 years (P = 0.000). The proportion of age group 45-59 years @entity2 cases (P = 0.000). When stratified by @entity2 histopathologic subtypes, this trend was also observed in @entity420 (P = 0.001) and @entity957 (P = 0.007). The proportion of early-stage cases of @entity420 increased from 2008 to 2012 (P < 0.001). The proportion of subsolid nodules (SSN) in @entity420 increased (P = 0.001) from 2005 to 2012. CONCLUSION: The data suggests that the proportion of @entity420 increased from 1999 to 2012 especially in middle-aged, female @entity1 ; early-stage @entity420 and SSN on HRCT images gradually increased, which may have been caused by a change in smoking habits and increased application of HRCT.

title: Time Trends in Epidemiologic Characteristics and Imaging Features of XXXX : A Population Study of 21,113 Cases in China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['SQCC and total lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['SQCC', 'squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['increased in total lung cancer', 'lung cancer', 'total lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2220 :: (MESH:C538231,Disease) :: ['Lung Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Relapse of @entity521 ( @entity521 ) is deemed invariably fatal yet increasing numbers of @entity521 @entity1 achieve a second complete/very good partial remission (CR/VGPR), hence the urgency to find a successful consolidative therapy. Identifying efficacy in @entity1 without assessable disease, however, is problematic. We report the first study providing outcome data for this group of @entity1 with poor prognosis. To prevent another relapse, @entity521 @entity1 in second or later CR/VGPR received the anti-GD2 murine antibody 3F8 plus @entity2841 plus @entity10211 in a Phase II trial. Upon meeting the target aim for progression-free survival (PFS) in the initial cohort of 33 @entity1 , the trial was amended to allow @entity1 who developed human anti-mouse antibody (HAMA) to receive rituximab to ablate HAMA with or without low-dose maintenance chemotherapy until immunotherapy could resume. For the total of 101 study @entity1 , 5-year PFS and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) rates were 33%    5% and 48%    5%, respectively. Among the 33 long-term progression-free survivors, 19 had @entity4180 amplification, 19 had previously received anti-GD2 immunotherapy plus @entity10211 (as first-line therapy), and 15 never received maintenance chemotherapy. In a multivariate analysis of prognostic factors, only absence of minimal @entity66 in bone marrow after 2 cycles of immunotherapy and before initiation of @entity10211 or anti-HAMA therapy was significantly favorable for both PFS and @entity1349 . Therefore, long-term PFS is possible for @entity521 @entity1 who achieve at least a second CR/VGPR and receive consolidation that includes anti-GD2 immunotherapy plus @entity10211 , even if the @entity1 received these biological treatments before relapse. Results from this prospective study will aid in the development of future Phase II studies for this growing ultra high-risk @entity1 population.

title: Prolonged progression-free survival after consolidating second or later remissions of XXXX with Anti-GD2 immunotherapy and @entity10211 : a prospective Phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity10211 :: ('MESH:D015474', 'Chemical') :: ['isotretinoin']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['HR-NB', 'high-risk neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ) is a very prevalent disease and @entity179 ( @entity179 ) usually account for the @entity1643 . However, the pathogenesis of @entity179 is complicated and difficult to elucidate. Alternative splicing is a sophisticated regulatory process which greatly increases cellular complexity and phenotypic diversity of eukaryotic organisms. In addition, the cartilage endplate-derived stem cells have been discovered and identified by our research group. In this paper, we continue to investigate gene expression profiling and alternative splicing events during chondrogenic differentiation of cartilage endplate-derived stem cells. We adopted Affymetrix @entity1 Transcriptome Array 2.0 (HTA 2.0) to compare the transcriptional and splicing changes between the control and differentiated samples. RT-PCR and quantitative PCR are used to validate the microarray results. The GO and KEGG pathway analysis was also performed. After bioinformatics analysis of the data, we detected 1953 differentially expressed genes. In terms of alternative splicing, the Splicing Index algorithm was used to select alternatively spliced genes. We detected 4411 alternatively spliced genes. GO and KEGG pathway analysis also revealed several functionally involved biological processes and signaling pathways. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the alternative splicing mechanisms in chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells on a genome-wide scale.

title: Global Gene Expression Profiling and Alternative Splicing Events during the Chondrogenic Differentiation of XXXX Cartilage Endplate-Derived Stem Cells.

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['Low back pain', 'LBP']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disc diseases', 'DDDs']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Distinguishing primary cutaneous @entity189 from @entity189 of unknown primary can be a diagnostic challenge due to the frequent overlap of histologic and immunohistochemical features. A 58-year-old @entity1 presented with a tender, indurated plaque on axillary skin. Biopsy revealed infiltrating atypical cells throughout the dermis, without connection to the epidermis. @entity5 cells had a histiocytoid appearance and displayed mild pleomorphism. The @entity5 was discohesive and had areas with a single file pattern. Signet ring cells were also present. Cells were reactive with @entity5822 , @entity4205 , @entity4206 , @entity9388 , @entity4552 and @entity1722 . Additional studies were negative, including @entity10922 , @entity6628 , E-cadherin, mammaglobin, @entity172 receptor and @entity1420 receptor. Thorough clinical and radiologic evaluation failed to identify an occult primary extracutaneous @entity5 ; however, regional @entity3329 , @entity75 and multiple subcentimeter liver @entity6152 were noted. Considering the clinical and histopathologic features, the diagnosis of primary cutaneous @entity189 with distant @entity3 was favored.

title: Primary cutaneous XXXX with distant @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity6152 :: ('MESH:C565408', 'Disease') :: ['hypodensities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['widespread osteoblastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['histiocytoid carcinoma', 'metastatic carcinoma', 'adnexal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['histiocytoid carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The database of a major regional health insurer was employed to identify the number and frequency of covered @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ). We then examined the characteristics of their care as defined, in part, by the frequency of physician visits and specialty referral, the characteristics of laboratory testing and total costs as indices of the quality of care of the subject population. METHODS: This retrospective, cross-sectional study analyzed insurance claims, laboratory results and medication prescription data. @entity1 with two estimated glomerular filtration rate readings below 60  ml/ @entity1009 .73  m(2) (n   =   20,388) were identified and classified by @entity740 stage. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity740 stages 3a and above was 12 %. Vascular comorbidities were common with prevalence increasing steadily from stage 3a through stage 5. Only 55.6 % of stage 4 @entity740 @entity1 had claims for nephrology visits within one year of their index date. Fifty-nine percent of @entity1 had claims for renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers. Twenty-five percent of @entity1 in stage 3a @entity740 filled a prescription for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Fifty-two percent of @entity1 who developed @entity454 received their first dialysis treatment as inpatients. CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of medical practice observed highlights apparent deficiencies in the care of @entity740 @entity1 including inappropriate medication use, delayed nephrology referral, and a lack of preparation for dialysis. This study shows the potential value of using large @entity1 databases available through insurers to assess and likely improve regional @entity740 care.

title: An observational study of the quality of care for XXXX : a Buffalo and Albany, New York metropolitan area study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic kidney disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity356 can be classified into three subgroups according to pattern of @entity5 infiltration into the surrounding tissue: @entity13089 (expanding growth and a distinct border with the surrounding tissue), INFc (infiltrating growth and an indistinct border with the surrounding tissue), and INFb (in-between a and c). How the @entity5 infiltration pattern (INF) relates to prognosis and type of recurrence in advanced @entity356 has not been sufficiently explored. We examined 805 consecutive advanced @entity356 @entity1 who underwent curative gastrectomy at our institution between 1980 and 2005. Poor differentiation, serosal invasion, and lymph node @entity3 were significantly more frequent in @entity1 with @entity5 than in those with @entity13089 /b @entity5 . For @entity1 with a T2 or T3 @entity5 , there was no significant difference in prognosis between those with @entity13089 /b and with INFc. However, for @entity1 with a T4a or T4b @entity5 , the prognosis of those with INFc was significantly worse than that of those with @entity13089 /b. In multivariate analysis, INF was an independent prognostic indicator in T4a but not T2, T3, and T4b. Furthermore, the prognosis of T4 @entity1 with @entity5 was significantly worse than that of those with @entity13089 /b, especially in node-negative but not in node-positive cases. In @entity1 with a T4a or T4b @entity5 , peritoneal recurrence was significantly more frequent for those with INFc than for those with @entity13089 /b. Our data indicate that INF is useful to predict the prognosis and recurrence pattern in T4a node-negative @entity356 .

title: Tumor infiltration pattern into the surrounding tissue has prognostic significance in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'INFc tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric adenocarcinoma', 'Gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recent years have seen rising concerns over increasing antibiotic resistance of the @entity2954 -causing bacterium, @entity6368 . This is especially true for third-generation @entity2886 , which are currently recommended for the treatment of such infections. Therefore, susceptibility to these antibiotics should be monitored internationally to the greatest extent possible. The susceptibility of @entity6368 strains to @entity2756 and @entity114 , as well as production of beta-lactamase by the Cefinase test was determined. Moreover, the presence and type of penicillinase plasmids were determined by PCR. All strains were susceptible to @entity2756 , the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged from 0.002 to 0.125  mg/L; MIC50 was =0.016  mg/L and MIC90 was =0.064  mg/L. As much as 7.7  % of the strains demonstrated @entity2756 MIC of 0.125  mg/L. For @entity114 , the MICs ranged from 0.064 to 32  mg/L; MIC50 was =0.5  mg/L and MIC90 was =4  mg/L. It was shown that only 1.5  % of the strains were sensitive to @entity114 according to The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). Among the @entity114 -resistant strains, six (30.0  %) produced penicillinase. The MICs of @entity114 were substantially higher for penicillinase-producing than for @entity114 -resistant, penicillinase-negative strains. MICs of @entity2756 for penicillinase-producing strains were low (0.002-0.016  mg/L). Three of the penicillinase-producing strains possessed plasmids of African type (50  %) and three Toronto/Rio type (50  %). An increase of the proportion of beta-lactamase-positive strains in the last years as well as emergence of strains with elevated MIC of @entity2756 indicate a need to constantly monitor @entity6368 strains for their susceptibility to @entity8545 antibiotics, as well as for their ability to produce beta-lactamases.

title: Susceptibility to XXXX and occurrence of penicillinase plasmids in @entity6368 strains isolated in Poland in 2012-2013.

entities_list: @entity2954 :: ('MESH:D006069', 'Disease') :: ['gonorrhea']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity6368 :: ('485', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae', 'N. gonorrhoeae']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporins']

answer: @entity2756 :: (MESH:D002443,Chemical) :: ['ceftriaxone']


abstract: To determine the origin of conduction disturbances commonly seen in the ECG after correction of Fallot's tetralogy, 36 @entity1 underwent electrophysiologic studies; these included endocardial recordings of right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) apical activation and His-bundle recordings. The surface ECG showed a pattern of complete @entity714 ( @entity714 ) in 22, and @entity714 with @entity2270 ( @entity2270 )--so-called @entity616 --in nine; the remaining five had @entity714 , @entity2270 , and a long PR interval, often considered as indicating @entity616 . Eight of 22 @entity1 with @entity714 and normal axis had delayed RV apical activation (36%), indicating a proximal lesion. Of nine @entity1 with @entity714 and @entity2270 , four only had delayed RV apical activation (44%); in the other five, therefore, the @entity714 pattern was due to a peripheral lesion (ventriculotomy); they cannot be considered as having true @entity616 . LV activation was not delayed in any case. In five cases, the surface ECG suggested @entity616 (long PR in the presence of @entity714 and @entity2270 ). His-bundle recordings showed the HV interval to be prolonged in only two cases, at the upper limit of normal in two, and short in one. The AH interval was prolonged in all and was mainly responsible for the long PR interval. Thus, the surface ECG is not a reliable tool for making a diagnosis of true @entity616 and @entity16 after correction of Fallot's tetralogy. This may explain controversies existing about the prognosis of @entity616 .

title: Intraventricular conduction disturbances after correction of tetralogy of Fallot: can bifascicular and XXXX be diagnosed from the surface ECG?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['RBBB', 'right bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['trifascicular damage']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['LAD', 'left-axis deviation']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['trifascicular block', 'such conduction abnormalities', 'bifascicular block']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['trifascicular block']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To validate the ability of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) clinical classification criteria and the ACR clinical plus radiographic classification criteria for @entity571 of the knee to predict articular @entity16 . METHODS: Ninety subjects with @entity626 ( @entity571 ) who were enrolled in a prospective study determining the therapeutic efficacy of arthroscopic irrigation were characterized as to whether they fulfilled the ACR clinical classification criteria or the ACR clinical plus radiographic classification criteria. Ten @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity1 were included as controls. @entity16 was defined using the ACR/Knee Arthroscopy @entity571 Scale (ACR/KAOS) system, which is a validated outcome instrument for knee @entity571 based on arthroscopic visualization. Mean values of the damage scores in each group were calculated and compared by t-test to determine statistical significance between the 3 groups. RESULTS: The mean ACR/KAOS score for the 10 @entity309 @entity1 was 1.8 [SD 1.22; range 0 to 4]. Of the 90 @entity571 @entity1 who underwent arthroscopy, only 73 @entity1 had sufficient videotape to make an accurate assessment by the blinded assessor. The mean ACR/KAOS score for the 6 @entity571 @entity1 who fulfilled only the ACR clinical classification was 17.4 [SD 11.3; range 5 to 34.3] and the mean ACR/KAOS score for the 67 @entity1 who fulfilled the ACR clinical plus radiographic classification criteria was 42.0 [SD 29.1; range 5.1 to 118.4]. These differences were statistically significant ( @entity309 versus @entity571 clinical P=0.02; @entity309 versus @entity571 clinical+radiographic P<or=0.01). Nonparametric multivariate analysis did not reveal significant correlations between ACR/KAOS scores and WOMAC global scores (r=0.11, P=0.39), @entity1 VAS (r=0.29, P=0.022), and age (r=0.29, P=0.08). CONCLUSIONS: The ACR clinical and clinical plus radiographic criteria for @entity571 of the knee accurately predict @entity16 as assessed by arthroscopy. Furthermore, the ACR clinical classification criteria identify @entity571 @entity1 with @entity16 before any radiographic change, while the ACR clinical plus radiographic classification criteria identify @entity571 @entity1 with more severe @entity16 . RELEVANCE: The ACR classification criteria correlates well with articular @entity16 in @entity1 with @entity571 .

title: Validation of American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for @entity626 using arthroscopically defined XXXX scores.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Cartilage damage', 'cartilage damage']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['cartilage damage']


abstract: AIM: In this study, it was aimed to investigate which method was superior by applying selective head cooling or whole body cooling therapy in newborns diagnosed with moderate or severe @entity519 ischemic @entity75 . MATERIALS AND METHOD: Newborns above the 35th gestational age diagnosed with moderate or severe @entity519 ischemic @entity75 were included in the study and selective head cooling or whole body cooling therapy was performed randomly. The newborns who were treated by both methods were compared in terms of adverse effects in the early stage and in terms of short-term results. Ethics committee approval was obtained for the study (06.01.2010/35). RESULTS: Fifty three babies diagnosed with @entity519 ischemic @entity75 were studied. Selective head cooling was applied to 17 babies and whole body cooling was applied to 12 babies. There was no significant difference in terms of adverse effects related to cooling therapy between the two groups. When the short-term results were examined, it was found that the hospitalization time was 34 (7-65) days in the selective head cooling group and 18 (7-57) days in the whole body cooling group and there was no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.097). Four @entity1 in the selective head cooling group and two @entity1 in the whole body cooling group were discharged with tracheostomy because of the need for prolonged mechanical ventilation and there was no difference between the groups in terms of discharge with tracheostomy (p=0.528). Five @entity1 in the selective head cooling group and three @entity1 in the whole body cooling group were discharged with a @entity5274 because they could not be fed orally and there was no difference between the groups in terms of discharge with a @entity5274 (p=0.586). One @entity1 who was applied selective head cooling and one @entity1 who was applied whole body cooling died during hospitalization and there was no difference between the groups in terms of mortality (p=0.665). CONCLUSIONS: There is no difference between the methods of selective head cooling and whole body cooling in terms of adverse effects and short-term results.

title: Comparison of selective head cooling therapy and whole body cooling therapy in newborns with @entity519 ischemic XXXX : short term results.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['gastrostomy tube']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['encephalopathy']