abstract: There is scant knowledge on the changes in renal histological findings in type 1 @entity6 @entity1 those initially had @entity1985 and @entity177 and later had complete remission of @entity2316 by @entity34 ( @entity34 ). A 44-year-old Japanese type 1 @entity6 @entity1 (duration of @entity6 : 17 years) with massive @entity644 (2.9 g/day) and @entity177 ( @entity1011 clearance rate (Ccr): 86 mL/min) was admitted. @entity146 @entity34 was started with intensive insulin treatment, a low protein and low salt diet, @entity1289 inhibitor and a diuretic. Her levels of HbA1c decreased to less than 7% within 4 months, and her high blood pressure gradually decreased and remained around mean 116/68 mmHg. Her Ccr level gradually improved and reached 108 mL/min after 78 months. Her first renal biopsy performed before @entity34 demonstrated diffuse and/or global accumulation of periodic acid-Schiff staining-positive mesangial matrix with @entity7622 /glomerulus ratio and tubulo-interstitial @entity82 . Her second renal biopsy performed 5 years after @entity34 demonstrated decreased mesangial matrix/glomerulus ratio (42.0+/-4.0% to 29.2+/-1.9% [mean+/-S.D.], p<0.001) and increased her number of glomerular capillaries lumen per glomerulus (47+/-11 to 77+/-12, p<0.006). The number of @entity7 ( @entity7 )-expressing cells in the glomerular capillary significantly increased. Increased tubulo-interstitial @entity82 and the thickness of @entity631 ( @entity631 ) seen in the first biopsy specimen had decreased in the specimen taken at the second biopsy. Our case provides evidence that glomerular morphological improvements including decreased mesangial deposit and @entity7 -related vasculogenesis in response to @entity34 goes along with functional normalization of @entity2316 , which could not be attained in type 1 @entity6 @entity1 that underwent pancreas transplantation.

title: Complete remission of @entity2316 in a type 1 @entity6 @entity1 with near- XXXX range @entity644 and @entity177 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Aggressive']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular basement membrane', 'GBM']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['decreased renal function']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity7622 :: ('MESH:C537346', 'Disease') :: ['increased mesangial matrix']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['MFT', 'multifactorial treatment']

answer: @entity1985 :: (MESH:D009404,Disease) :: ['nephrotic']


abstract: Mediterranean diet has been suggested to explain why @entity301 mortality is lower in southern than northern Europe. Dietary habits can be revealed by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) measurement of @entity505 (  @entity7352 ) and @entity1568 (  @entity13140 ) in biological tissues. To study if diet is associated with @entity1 plaque stability, @entity731 plaques from carotid endarterectomy on 56 @entity1 (21 Portuguese and 35 Swedish) were analysed by IRMS and histology. Plaque components affecting @entity397 risk were measured. Swedish plaques had more apoptosis, lipids and larger cores, as well as fewer proliferating cells and @entity9976 than the Portuguese, conferring the Swedish a more @entity397 -prone phenotype. Portuguese plaques contained higher   @entity7352 and   @entity13140 than the Swedish, indicating that Portuguese plaques were more often derived from marine food. Plaque   @entity7352 correlated with @entity9976 and proliferating cells, and inversely with lipids, core size, apoptosis. Plaque   @entity13140 correlated with @entity9976 and inversely with lipids, core size and apoptosis. This is the first observational study showing that diet is reflected in plaque components associated with its vulnerability. The Portuguese plaques composition is consistent with an increased marine food intake and those plaques are more stable than those from Swedish @entity1 . Marine-derived food is associated with plaque stability.

title: Direct association between diet and the stability of @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic plaque']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity65 after treatment is an important concern in @entity5 survivors. However, knowledge of @entity1370 is limited by the retrospective nature of data, which often does not contain details of treatment exposure. To facilitate individual risk counselling of @entity1 , we aimed to quantify the effect of @entity8253 , @entity17074 , and radiotherapy on the risk of @entity65 in @entity1 treated for @entity978 . METHODS: In 2009-10, a Life Situation Questionnaire (LSQ) was distributed to @entity1 by mail to assess late-onset effects of @entity978 treatment in @entity1 who were included in nine successive European Organisation for Research and Treatment of @entity5 (EORTC) and the Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte (GELA, now renamed LYSA) randomised trials between 1964 and 2004. We reconstructed the mean radiation doses to the heart and carotid arteries and the cumulative doses of @entity8253 and @entity17074 for all @entity1 . Incidence of @entity65 was reported during follow-up and updated through the LSQ. We applied Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to quantify the effect of chemotherapy and radiation on the risk of a first @entity65 event. FINDINGS: Information of primary treatment was complete for 6039 @entity1 (median age at diagnosis 30 years [IQR 23-40]; median length of follow-up 9 years [6-14]). 1919 @entity1 responded to the LSQ. 1238 first cardiovascular events were recorded in 703 @entity1 , most were @entity299 (132 [19%]), @entity712 (85 [12%]), @entity943 (110 [16%]), and @entity340 (77 [11%]). The mean heart radiation dose per 1 Gy increase (HR 1  015 [95% CI 1  006-1  024], p=0  0014) and the dose of @entity8253 per 50 mg/m(2) increase in cumulative dose (1  077 [1  021-1  137], p=0  0064) were significant predictors of @entity65 . Cumulative dose of @entity5713 (unadjusted model p=0  77), @entity1891 (p=0  36), and mean radiation dose to the left (p=0  41) or right (p=0  70) internal carotid artery did not predict for cardiovascular events. INTERPRETATION: Quantification of the increased cardiovascular risk with specific doses of radiation and @entity5948 exposure will enable a quantitative assessment of the optimum combination of systemic therapy and radiation, which will help clinicians to balance the risks and benefits of different regimens for individual @entity1 . FUNDING: Rigshospitalet Research Committee, the EORTC @entity5 Research Fund, and the Sally Snowman Survivorship Fellowship.

title: XXXX after treatment for @entity978 : an analysis of nine collaborative EORTC-LYSA trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular disease']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity17074 :: ('MESH:D014748', 'Chemical') :: ['vinca-alkaloids']

entities_list: @entity5948 :: ('D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular disease']


abstract: Several studies have investigated polymorphisms in @entity4187 and @entity0 risk with inconsistent results. We have carried out a population based case-control study of the @entity69400 and @entity34321 polymorphisms in @entity4187 to clarify their importance in determining @entity0 susceptibility. A total of 1873 cases and 712 controls were genotyped for @entity69400 and 1948 cases and 1355 controls were genotyped for @entity34321 . We have also investigated a putative interaction between smoking and @entity4187 genotype and @entity0 risk using a case only study design. The genotype distribution of @entity69401 in controls was close to that expected under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). We detected no significant differences in genotype frequencies between @entity0 cases and controls (P = 0.68). Compared with the Thr/Thr homozygotes there was no significant risk for either the Thr/ @entity2574 heterozygote [OR = 1.1 (95% CI 0.8-1.4)] or the @entity2574 / @entity2574 homozygote [OR = 0.4 (0.02-6.1)]. The genotype distribution of @entity34321 in controls was also close to that expected under HWE with no significant differences between @entity0 cases and the controls (P = 0.44). No significant risk was found for either the Ile/ @entity2596 heterozygote [OR = 0.8 (0.6-1.1)] or the @entity2596 / @entity2596 homozygote [OR = 2.7 (0.3-24)] compared with the Ile/Ile homozygotes. Furthermore, subgroup analyses revealed no effect of age or menopausal status on genotypic risks, and we found no evidence for an interaction between genotype and smoking habit or @entity167 consumption and susceptibility to @entity0 . We combined our data for the @entity34321 polymorphism with those from four other published studies, but even with >5000 subjects, none of the genotype-associated risks achieved statistical significance, and there was no consistent pattern to the risks associated with increasing @entity2596 allele dosage [Ile/ @entity2596 OR = 0.9 (0.7-1.1), @entity2596 / @entity2596 OR = 2.3 (0.4-12), and @entity2596 carrier OR = 1.0 (0.9-1.1)].

title: Polymorphisms in XXXX and smoking: no association with @entity0 risk.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity69400 :: ('p|SUB|T|461|N', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Thr461Asn']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity69401 :: ('p|SUB|T|461|D', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Thr461Asp']

entities_list: @entity34321 :: ('p|SUB|I|462|V', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Ile462Val']

answer: @entity4187 :: (1543,Gene) :: ['CYP1A1']


abstract: PURPOSE: To quantify vitreous @entity535 concentrations in pressure-induced @entity2479 and to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of @entity3393 , a @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) antagonist, administered before and at two time intervals after @entity63 . METHODS: @entity2479 was induced in 10 @entity35 by elevating the intraocular pressure to 120 mm Hg. The concentrations of the @entity1522 of vitreous samples were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. In another series of 56 @entity35 , @entity63 was induced in a similar fashion. Fifteen @entity35 received 20 mg/kg x day @entity3393 by a subcutaneous osmotic pump starting 2 days before @entity63 , 13 @entity35 received 10 mg/kg @entity3393 intraperitoneally (ip) 0.5 and 4.5 hours after reperfusion, 13 @entity35 received 10 mg/kg @entity3393 ip 3.5 and 7.5 hours after reperfusion, and 15 @entity35 received the vehicle alone. @entity2806 was histologically quantified 14 days after @entity63 . RESULTS: Compared with the nonischemic fellow eyes, there was an elevation (P < 0.05) in the mean vitreous concentration of @entity2227 (223%+/-41%) and @entity2228 (428%+/-92%). The percentage of surviving neurons in the @entity4494 cell layer was 33%+/-3% in the controls, 61%+/-5% (P < 0.001) when @entity3393 was infused subcutaneously before @entity63 , 52%+/-5% (P < 0.05) when @entity3393 was injected ip 0.5 and 4.5 hours after @entity63 , and 48%+/-5% (P > 0.05) when injected ip 3.5 and 7.5 hours after @entity63 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2479 increased vitreous concentrations of @entity2227 and @entity2228 . Both @entity1522 were agonists at the @entity143 receptor. The @entity143 receptor antagonist @entity3393 reduced @entity4494 cell loss when given systemically before or within 30 minutes of @entity2479 .

title: XXXX is neuroprotective in a @entity35 model of pressure-induced @entity2479 .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic damage']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ischemia', 'Retinal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity3393 :: ('MESH:D008559', 'Chemical') :: ['memantine']

answer: @entity3393 :: (MESH:D008559,Chemical) :: ['Memantine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate in situ visualization using near-infrared quantum dots (QDs) conjugated with @entity369 - @entity2228 - @entity2574 (ROD) peptide fluorescent probes in @entity957 (08CC). METHODS: QDs with emission wavelength of 800 nm (QD800) were conjugated with RGD peptides to produce QD800-RGD fluorescent probes. @entity1 OSCC cell line BcaCD885 was inoculated in @entity19 cheeks to establish OSCC @entity19 models. Frozen BcaCD885 @entity5 slices were immunofluorescence double stained by using QD800-RGD and @entity31973 monoclonal antibody and were observed using a laser scanning confocal microscope. QD800-RGD was injected into the OSCC models through the tail veins, and the in situ visualization was analyzed at different time points. The @entity19 were sacrificed 12 h after injection to isolate @entity5 for the ex vivo analysis of probe localization in the @entity5 . RESULTS: QD800-RGD specifically targeted the integrin avb3 expressed in the endothelial cells of @entity5 angiogenic vessels in vitro and in vivo, producing clear @entity5 fluorescence images after intravenous injection. The most complete @entity5 images with maximal signal-to-noise ratios were observed 0.5 h to 6 h after injection of the probe and significantly reduced 9 h after the injection. However, the @entity5 image was still clearly visible at 12 h. CONCLUSION: Using intravenously injected QD800-RGD generates high quality OSCC images when integrin avb3, which is expressed in the endothelial cells of @entity5 angiogenic vessels, is used as the target. The technique offers great potential in the diagnosis and individual treatment of OSCC.

title: [In situ visual imaging of @entity957 in @entity19 by using near-infrared quantum dots conjugated with @entity369 - @entity2228 - XXXX peptide fluorescent probes].

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oral squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2574 :: ('CHEBI:22660', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartic acid']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity2574 :: (CHEBI:22660,Chemical) :: ['aspartic acid']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) -C in @entity1 @entity1721 to elucidate its role in lymph node @entity3 and @entity5 progression. The expression of @entity9961 and @entity7802 genes was examined in 5 @entity418 cell lines, 12 fresh biopsy specimens and 48 archival surgical specimens of @entity1 @entity418 tissues by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemistry using antibodies against @entity2280 (endothelial cell specific) was also carried out and microvessels were quantified by counting vessels in a 200x field in the most vascular area of the @entity5 . Of the 5 @entity1 @entity418 cell lines, 4 constitutively expressed @entity9961 mRNA. In 8 (66.7%) of 12 cases, @entity9961 mRNA was detected in only @entity5 tissues but not in normal mucosa by RT-PCR. There was a significant relationship between @entity9961 and @entity7802 mRNA expression. Out of the 48 surgical specimens of @entity418 , 19 (39.6%) and 10 (20.8%) exhibited intense @entity9961 immunoreactivity in the cytoplasm of many @entity5 cells and the stromal cells, respectively. In contrast, @entity7802 was mainly expressed on the lymphatic endothelial cells. Normal and @entity6349 esophageal squamous epithelium exhibited no or faint cytoplasmic staining of @entity9961 . @entity9961 expression correlated with depth of @entity5 invasion, @entity5 stage, venous invasion, lymphatic invasion and lymph node @entity3 . Vessel count was significantly higher in the @entity9961 positive @entity5 than in the negative @entity5 . These results overall suggest that @entity9961 may play a role in @entity5 progression via lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis in @entity1 @entity418 .

title: Clinicopathological significance of XXXX ( @entity7 )-C in @entity1 @entity1721 .

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinomas', 'esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: @entity3494 has been used since ancient times as a therapeutic agent. However, until recently its use in modern medicine has been restricted to the treatment of a limited number of @entity281 . In the early 1990s, reports from China described impressive results with @entity4447 in @entity1 with de novo, relapsed, and refractory @entity2799 ( @entity2799 ). Other investigators subsequently confirmed these results leading to approval of its use for relapsed or refractory @entity2799 in the United States. Investigations of this agent have demonstrated that its efficacy in @entity2799 and preclinical @entity5 models is dependent upon a number of mechanisms, including induction of apoptosis, effects on cellular differentiation, cell cycling, and @entity5 angiogenesis. Subsequent preclinical studies showed significant activity of @entity4447 in @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ). Based on this, in a phase II trial, we have evaluated the activity of @entity4447 in 14 @entity1 with relapsed @entity1582 , refractory to conventional salvage therapy. With the dose and schedule used, treatment with @entity4447 produced responses in three @entity1 and prolonged stable disease in a fourth @entity1 , with the longest response lasting 6 weeks. Although treatment was reasonably well tolerated, in these @entity1 with extensive prior therapy, 11 developed @entity1503 , five associated with infectious complications and three developed @entity1150 . The results of this small trial support further investigation of this novel drug for the treatment of @entity1 with relapsed or refractory @entity1582 .

title: Clinical activity of XXXX for the treatment of @entity1582 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4447 :: ('MESH:C006632', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic trioxide']

entities_list: @entity2799 :: ('MESH:D015473', 'Disease') :: ['APL', 'acute promyelocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic infections']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thromboses']

answer: @entity4447 :: (MESH:C006632,Chemical) :: ['arsenic trioxide']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity120 ( @entity120 ) is a life-limiting @entity102 that presents as an elevated blood pressure in the pulmonary artery. The uncertainty of the disease has a profound effect on relationships, @entity73 , spirituality, emotions, and exercise ability and can negatively impact health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The purposes of this cross-sectional, predictive, correlational study were (a) to identify relationships among the psychological factors ( @entity308 , @entity148 , stress), physiological factor (6-Minute Walk Test), situational factor (social support), and HRQOL and (b) to test a structural equation model in which @entity308 , @entity148 , stress, social support, and 6-minute walk distance predict HRQOL in adults with @entity120 . SAMPLE AND SETTING: A convenience sample of 166 adults between the ages of 21 and 80 years were recruited from the @entity120 Association's 10th International @entity120 Conference and Scientific Sessions in Orlando, Florida, and a @entity120 clinic in southeast Louisiana. Each subject completed 2 questionnaires: the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale and the Dartmouth Cooperative Functional Assessment Charts. RESULTS: The findings indicated a relationship between @entity308 , stress, @entity148 , 6-Minute Walk Test, social support, and HRQOL. The data collected from the adult @entity120 population fit the proposed predictive model for adults with @entity120 HRQOL. However, the researcher was unable to determine the best predictor of HRQOL in adults with @entity120 . CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate @entity308 , @entity148 , stress, 6-minute walk distance, and social support play important roles in HRQOL among @entity1 with @entity120 . Advanced practice nursing strategies to increase HRQOL include counseling, @entity146 referrals, psychotherapy, guided imagery, leading support groups, and low-grade resistance training.

title: A predictive model of the effects of @entity308 , XXXX , stress, 6-minute-walk distance, and social support on health-related quality of life in an adult pulmonary hypertension population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive ability']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary hypertension', 'Pulmonary Hypertension', 'PH']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are few studies addressing caregivers of @entity162 ( @entity162 ) @entity1 , especially @entity1 who are older adults with an increased need for care, often given by a relative. The aim of this study was to describe which factors increase caregiver burden among caregivers of elderly @entity162 outpatients. METHODS: @entity1 were older than 60   years and met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , fifth edition, criteria for @entity162 . They were evaluated for current mood, cognitive and other @entity146 , functionality, medical comorbidities, quality of life, years since @entity162 diagnosis, and number of @entity146 admissions. The caregiver who spent the greatest time with each @entity1 was evaluated with the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview. The caregivers' global health, mood symptoms, quality of life, and tasks performed for the @entity1 were also assessed. RESULTS: Thirty-six @entity162 @entity1 and their caregivers were assessed. The Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview was positively correlated with @entity1 ' @entity146 (r   =   0.508, P   =   0.002) and functional impairment (r   =   0.466, P   =   0.004). The Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview was also correlated with caregivers' own @entity308 (r   =   0.576, P   < 0.001), @entity148 (r   =   0.360, P   =   0.031), quality of life (r   =   -0.406, P   =   0.014), medical comorbidities (r   =   0.387, P   =   0.020), and number of tasks that they completed for the @entity1 (r   =   0.480, P   =   0.003). CONCLUSIONS: In this group of elderly @entity162 @entity1 , caregiver burden was more associated with symptoms frequently seen in others diseases as in @entity303 than with @entity308 , @entity162 , or @entity148 , which are often used as treatment outcomes measures goals in @entity162 . Potential treatable and modifiable factors associated with caregiver burden could be caregivers' @entity308 , @entity148 , and medical comorbidities, as well as support for caregivers in terms of services and social relationships.

title: Caregiver burden in older adults with @entity162 : relationship to functionality and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic', 'bipolar disorder', 'BD']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'Mental Disorders', 'neuropsychiatric symptoms']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['neuropsychiatric symptoms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transcriptional hotspots are defined as genomic regions bound by multiple factors. They have been identified recently as cell type specific enhancers regulating developmentally essential genes in many species such as worm, @entity238 and @entity1 . The in-depth analysis of hotspots across multiple cell types in same species still remains to be explored and can bring new biological insights. RESULTS: We therefore collected 108 transcription-related factor (TF) ChIP sequencing data sets in ten @entity19 cell types and classified the peaks in each cell type in three groups according to binding occupancy as singletons (low-occupancy), combinatorials (mid-occupancy) and hotspots (high-occupancy). The peaks in the three groups clustered largely according to the occupancy, suggesting priming of genomic loci for mid occupancy irrespective of cell type. We then characterized hotspots for diverse structural functional properties. The genes neighbouring hotspots had a small overlap with hotspot genes in other cell types and were highly enriched for cell type specific function. Hotspots were enriched for sequence motifs of key TFs in that cell type and more than 90% of hotspots were occupied by pioneering factors. Though we did not find any sequence signature in the three groups, the H3K4me1 binding profile had bimodal peaks at hotspots, distinguishing hotspots from mono-modal H3K4 @entity19 singletons. In @entity2828 cells, differentially expressed genes after perturbation of activators were enriched for hotspot genes suggesting hotspots primarily act as transcriptional activator hubs. Finally, we proposed that @entity2828 hotspots might be under control of @entity32772 and not DNMT for silencing. CONCLUSION: Transcriptional hotspots are enriched for tissue specific enhancers near cell type specific highly expressed genes. In @entity2828 cells, they are predicted to act as transcriptional activator hubs and might be under @entity32772 control for silencing.

title: XXXX transcriptional hotspots are enriched for tissue specific enhancers near cell type specific highly expressed genes and are predicted to act as transcriptional activator hubs.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Mammalian']


abstract: AIM: This study aimed to determine whether the association between thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and body mass index (BMI) is related to leptin concentration in @entity28 individuals. METHODS: Plasma TSH and leptin assays were performed in 800 consecutive @entity1 , hospitalized for a nutritional checkup, with a BMI>= 30kg/m(2). Various anthropometric, hormonal and metabolic parameters, including age, weight, BMI, insulin, leptin and TSH, were measured or calculated. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify any significant relationships between these parameters. Also, characteristics of the @entity1 in the lowest and highest quartiles of TSH distribution were compared. RESULTS: TSH was positively correlated with both BMI and leptin. When multiple regression analysis was performed, TSH and leptin maintained a significant association independent of BMI. @entity1 in the fourth quartile of TSH distribution displayed higher BMI and higher leptin levels in comparison to the first quartile. CONCLUSION: Our study has confirmed an increase in TSH in conjunction with BMI in @entity28 subjects. This increase was correlated with leptin independently of BMI. It is hypothesized that the increase in TSH observed in @entity28 subjects was the consequence of both fat mass accumulation and a positive energy-balance.

title: Increased TSH in XXXX : Evidence for a BMI-independent association with leptin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1822 of the mesosigma is a very rare entity, with low 5-year survival rates. Treatment consists of resection of the @entity5 and, if applicable, of synchronous or metachronous metastases. Local treatment options for @entity3 should be exploited as long as possible, as response to chemotherapy is reportedly disappointing. Stereotactic radiotherapy is a fairly new locally effective treatment option which has been well established in stereotactic radiotherapy of @entity2 . Whether repeated stereotactic radiotherapy sessions for treatment of lung metastases can be safely and successfully performed over a long time period is not yet well documented. CASE REPORT: We present the case of a 71-year-old female @entity1 who had a primary diagnosis of lung metastases 12 years ago. Atypical resections of 4 lung metastases were performed in 2001 and 2002. Between 2004 and 2011, 7 sessions of stereotactic body irradiation of lung metastases were performed. All stereotactic treatment were tolerated well (no radiation @entity55 , FEV1 was 1.3 L [67.8%] in 2004 and 0.99 L [56.3%] in 2011). CONCLUSIONS: The present case could demonstrate that a repetitive treatment of lung metastases with multiple stereotactic radiotherapy sessions can lead to long-term survival with a good quality of life.

title: Long-term survival in metastasized XXXX : a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['Leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity1822 :: (MESH:D007890,Disease) :: ['leiomyosarcoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Few studies have examined the clinical characteristics of @entity1 with lesions in the deep parietal operculum facing the sylvian fissure, the region recognized as the secondary somatosensory area (SII). Moreover, surgical approaches in this region are challenging. In this paper the authors report on a @entity1 presenting with @entity302 with a @entity5 in the left deep parietal operculum. The @entity1 was a 24-year-old @entity1 who suffered daily partial @entity410 with extremely uncomfortable @entity809 and/or occasional @entity158 on his right side. MRI revealed a @entity5 in the medial aspect of the anterior transverse parietal gyrus, surrounding the posterior insular point. Long-term video electroencephalography monitoring with scalp electrodes failed to show relevant changes to @entity410 . Resection with cortical and subcortical mapping under awake conditions was performed. A negative response to stimulation was observed at the subcentral gyrus during language and somatosensory tasks; thus, the transcortical approach (specifically, a transsubcentral gyral approach) was used through this region. Subcortical stimulation at the medial aspect of the anterior parietal gyrus and the posterior insula around the posterior insular point elicited strong @entity809 and @entity158 in his right side, similar to manifestation of his @entity410 . The @entity5 was completely removed and pathologically diagnosed as @entity1893 . His @entity302 disappeared without @entity16 postoperatively. In this case study, 3 points are clinically significant. First, the clinical manifestation of this case was quite rare, although still representative of @entity302 . Second, the location of the lesion made surgical removal challenging, and the transsubcentral gyral approach was useful when intraoperative mapping was performed during awake surgery. Third, intraoperative mapping demonstrated that the @entity1 experienced @entity158 with electrical stimulation around the posterior insular point. Thus, this report demonstrated the safe and effective use of the transsubcentral gyral approach during awake surgery to resect deep parietal @entity75 , clarified electrophysiological characteristics in the SII area, and achieved successful @entity5 resection with good control of @entity302 .

title: A case of secondary XXXX with a left deep parietal opercular lesion: successful @entity5 resection using a transsubcentral gyral approach during awake surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['opercular lesions']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['dysesthesia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'SII epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['somatosensory epilepsy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Non- @entity2067 antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are frequently used to prevent @entity64 in @entity1 with @entity955 . These @entity1 are often also on @entity117 or other antiplatelet agents. It is possible that treatment with both NOACs and @entity117 or other antiplatelet drug may be effective in decreasing @entity64 , but data are sparse regarding the efficacy and safety of using both agents for @entity64 prevention.To address these issues, data were pooled from the four recent randomized controlled trials of NOACs @entity5424 , @entity3925 , @entity3926 and @entity14242 , which included 42,411 @entity1 ; 14,148 (33.4%) were also on @entity117 or other antiplatelet drug. The number of @entity1031 among @entity1 on @entity15796 and @entity117 /antiplatelet was compared to the number of events in @entity1 on @entity15796 alone. Bleeding rates were also compared among those on @entity15796 + @entity117 /antiplatelet to @entity15796 alone. These results were compared to @entity1031 and @entity548 events in the @entity1229 + @entity117 /antiplatelet vs. @entity1229 alone. No greater risk for @entity1031 was seen in @entity1 on NOACs compared to @entity1 on both NOACs and @entity117 /antiplatelet drug. In this non-randomized comparison, there was initially a signal towards higher @entity1031 rates among @entity15796 users also on @entity117 /antiplatelet drugs (RR 1.16; 95% CI 1.05, 1.29) compared to @entity15796 alone. This likely reflected the higher CHADS2 scores of those on @entity117 /antiplatelet drugs. When the analysis was limited to studies that included @entity117 rather than other antiplatelet drugs, no difference was seen for @entity1031 rates comparing dual therapy to @entity15796 alone (RR 1.02; 95% CI 0.90, 1.15). Higher rates of @entity548 were seen with @entity117 /antiplatelet drug in conjunction with @entity15796 . In this meta-analysis and nonrandomized comparison of @entity117 /antiplatelet users and nonusers also on anticoagulation, there was no additional benefit seen of anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy for @entity64 4 prevention compared to anticoagulation alone. There was, however, an increased risk of @entity548 . Careful assessment of the indications for antiplatelet drugs in @entity1 with @entity955 who are also receiving oral anticoagulation is warranted, and future randomized comparisons are needed.

title: Non-VKA Oral Anticoagulants and Antiplatelet Therapy for @entity64 Prevention in XXXX with @entity955 : a Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity3926 :: ('MESH:C554682', 'Chemical') :: ['dabigatran']

entities_list: @entity3925 :: ('MESH:C503223', 'Chemical') :: ['rivaroxaban']

entities_list: @entity5424 :: ('MESH:C522181', 'Chemical') :: ['apixaban']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism', 'thromboembolic', 'thromboembolic events']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Little is known about the functional outcome of @entity309 ( @entity309 ) in Africans treated with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). We describe our experience with 182 @entity309 @entity1 seen at a tertiary hospital in South Africa. During the median follow-up period of 3.3 years, the proportion of @entity1 with severe functional disability (American College of Rheumatology [ACR] functional classes [FCs] 3 and 4) declined significantly from 48.9% at presentation to 30.8% at last visit (P =.0006). There was a significant fall in the median Westergren erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (46-28 mm/hour, P <.00001) and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) (19-15.5 mg/L, P =.006) over this period. Logistic regression analysis showed that the factors that negatively affected functional outcome at last visit were severe functional disability at presentation (odds ratio [OR] = 4.1, P =.0004), delay in referral for specialist care > 2 years (OR = 3.1, P =.02), and ESR at last visit > 28 mm/hour (OR = 3.2, P =.002). DMARDs and oral @entity288 were prescribed in 93.1% of @entity1 at presentation and 60.4% of @entity1 at last visit. Life-table analysis showed that the survival time with @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) use was significantly longer compared with the other DMARDs (P =.0002). A total of only 37 surgical procedures were performed on 21 @entity1 . This retrospective study shows that despite the late presentation and severe disease, @entity1 do improve on DMARD therapy in the medium term. The study highlights the need for prospective studies to assess the efficacy and safety of DMARDs, particularly in @entity66 , in the developing countries where biologics are unlikely to be affordable in the foreseeable future.

title: A longitudinal study of XXXX in South Africans.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['early disease']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND DESIGN: The prognostic significance of changes in left ventricular systolic function over time is unknown in elderly @entity1 with @entity712 . We prospectively examined the relation between 1-year changes in left ventricular systolic function by echocardiographic determination of @entity713 ( @entity713 ), and subsequent 2-year mortality and morbidity in elderly @entity1 with @entity712 . @entity713 determination allows for left ventricular function to be adequately assessed even when image quality is poor, as is common in the elderly. METHODS: @entity713 was measured at baseline and 1 year in 123 @entity1 with @entity712 (age 76.0 +/- 5.4 years). An @entity713 change of 1 mm or more (corresponding to an ejection fraction change of 0.05) was considered significant. RESULTS: @entity713 decreased in 26 @entity1 (21%), increased in 46 (37%), and was unchanged in 51 (42%). During a 2-year follow-up (from the 1-year examination) mortality, total hospitalizations, and hospitalizations for @entity712 (35% of all hospitalizations) did not differ significantly between the three groups. @entity1 (n = 80) with @entity713 of 8.2 mm or less (corresponding to left ventricular ejection fraction of 0.40 or less) at the 1-year examination demonstrated a higher mortality than @entity1 with @entity713 greater than 8.2 mm (43.8 versus 23.3%; P = 0.031), and also had more hospitalizations and days in hospital due to @entity712 (1.0 +/- 1.5 versus 0.4 +/- 0.8, P = 0.020 and 10.4 +/- 15.6 versus 4.6 +/- 10.6, P = 0.033, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Left ventricular function was readily assessed in all @entity1 by determination of @entity713 . Our results indicate that single but not serial assessment of left ventricular systolic function by determination of @entity713 is of value in assessing the prognosis in elderly @entity1 with @entity712 .

title: Prognostic significance of changes in left ventricular systolic function in elderly XXXX with @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['AVPD', 'atrioventricular plane displacement']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity101 is common in @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ) and is a major determinant of @entity740 progression. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) has been proposed to be better in detecting @entity101 as compared to casual blood pressure (CBP). This study aims to study the usefulness of ABPM in detecting masked @entity101 , evaluating the adequacy of blood pressure (BP) control and predicting @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ) amongst @entity1 with @entity740 . A prospective cross-sectional study of 46 @entity1 with stage 3-5 @entity740 was conducted at the Pediatric Nephrology department of a tertiary hospital in South India. All @entity1 underwent CBP, ABPM and an echocardiography. Results were categorized as normal BP; confirmed @entity101 ; masked @entity101 and @entity19430 . Out of 46 @entity1 studied, 11 were undergoing dialysis. While 39.1% @entity1 had stage 3 and 4 @entity740 each, 21.7% had stage 5 @entity740 . Masked @entity101 was detected in 19.6% and 21.7% had confirmed @entity101 . Thirty-four (73.9%) @entity1 were already receiving antihypertensive medication. In these, CBP was elevated in 23.5% and @entity15032 in 47%. Among @entity1 with @entity101 as defined by ABPM, @entity4346 was detected in 32.2%. We found that higher the number of abnormal ABPM indices (assessed by BP Index, nocturnal dipping and BP Load) higher the likelihood of @entity4346 (P = 0.046). ABPM is better in detecting @entity101 and monitoring adequacy of treatment in @entity1 with @entity740 . The high prevalence of masked @entity101 and its association with @entity4346 supports early echocardiography and ambulatory BP monitoring to evaluate cardiovascular risks in this population.

title: Role of 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity19430 :: ('MESH:D059466', 'Disease') :: ['white coat hypertension']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LVH', 'left ventricular hypertrophy']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic kidney disease']


abstract: Of 105 cases seen over 12 years with mean 4 years followup, there were 69 with @entity6558 ( @entity6558 ) and 36 with @entity6017 ( @entity6017 ). and in 43 this complicated another @entity2597 ( @entity2597 ). Primary @entity6558 had onset a decade later than others and most severe @entity121 occurred in @entity6017 . Earliest symptoms were @entity625 and @entity2407 with frequent @entity10632 (51%). The less than universal prevalence of elevated muscle enzymes (68%), myopathic electromyography (86%). and abnormal muscle biopsy (78%) emphasizes the need for complete evaluation in all cases. Improvement occurred in 69% overall, including all 23 given no therapy or low dose @entity288 and 59% of the remainder who received high dose @entity288 with added cytotoxics in one-quarter. Outcome was worse in older @entity1 and in those where @entity425 exceeded 4 months before diagnosis. Eight of 19 @entity204 were due to @entity5442 or its therapy which also caused considerable morbidity. Malignancy in 16 cases was temporally related to @entity5442 in half of these cases.

title: XXXX and other connective tissue diseases: a review of 105 cases.

entities_list: @entity2597 :: ('MESH:D003240', 'Disease') :: ['connective tissue disease', 'CTD']

entities_list: @entity6017 :: ('MESH:D003882', 'Disease') :: ['dermatomyositis', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['polyarthritis']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ["Raynaud's phenomenon"]

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity10632 :: ('MESH:D012859', 'Disease') :: ['sicca syndrome']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['PM', 'polymyositis']

answer: @entity6017 :: (MESH:D003882,Disease) :: ['Dermatopolymyositis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is very limited information on the association between @entity50469 and serum uric acid levels or @entity210 . The aim of this study was to investigate the association of @entity50469 with @entity5052 and @entity210 in US adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 5632 adults aged 20years or older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2010 with determinations of serum uric acid and urine total @entity50469 and dimethylarsinate (DMA). @entity5052 was defined as serum uric acid higher than 7.0mg/dL for @entity1 and 6.0mg/dL for @entity1 . Gout was defined based on self-reported physician diagnosis and medication use. RESULTS: After adjustment for sociodemographic factors, comorbidities and arsenobetaine levels, the increase in the geometric means of serum uric acid associated with one interquartile range increase in total @entity50469 and DMA levels was 3% (95% CI 2-5) and 3% (2-5), respectively, in @entity1 and 1% (0-3) and 2% (0-4), respectively, in @entity1 . In @entity1 , the adjusted odds ratio for @entity5052 comparing the highest to lowest quartiles of total @entity50469 was 1.84 (95% CI, 1.26-2.68) and for DMA it was 1.41 (95% CI, 1.01-1.96). The corresponding odds ratios in @entity1 were 1.26 (0.77, 2.07) and 1.49 (0.96, 2.31), respectively. The odds ratio for @entity210 comparing the highest to lowest tertiles was 5.46 (95% CI, 1.70-17.6) for total @entity50469 and 1.98 (0.64-6.15) for DMA among @entity1 older than 40years old. Urine @entity50469 was not associated with @entity210 in @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Low level @entity50469 exposures may be associated with the risk of @entity5052 in @entity1 and with the prevalence of @entity210 in @entity1 . Prospective research focusing on establishing the direction of the relationship among @entity50469 , @entity5052 , and @entity210 is needed.

title: Arsenic exposure, XXXX , and @entity210 in US adults.

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia', 'Hyperuricemia']

answer: @entity5052 :: (MESH:D033461,Disease) :: ['hyperuricemia']


abstract: @entity19 expressing MyrAkt from a proximal @entity29939 promoter construct develop @entity704 at an early age, whereas @entity19 expressing constitutively active @entity29939 -AktE40K develop primarily @entity5 of the peripheral lymphoid organs later in life. The thymus of 6- to 8-week-old MyrAkt @entity19 is normal in size but contains fewer, larger cells than the thymus of nontransgenic control and AktE40K @entity19 . Earlier studies had shown that cell size and cell cycle are coordinately regulated. On the basis of this finding, and our observations that the oncogenic potential of @entity1994 correlates with its effect on cell size, we hypothesized that mechanisms aimed at maintaining the size of the thymus dissociate cell size and cell cycle regulation by blocking MyrAkt-promoted G(1) progression and that failure of these mechanisms may promote cell proliferation resulting in an enlarged neoplastic thymus. To address this hypothesis, we examined the cell cycle distribution of freshly isolated and cultured thymocytes from transgenic and nontransgenic control @entity19 . The results showed that although neither transgene alters cell cycle distribution in situ, the MyrAkt transgene promotes G(1) progression in culture. Freshly isolated MyrAkt thymocytes express high levels of cyclins D2 and E and @entity11953 but lower than normal levels of @entity43679 and @entity17068 . Cultured thymocytes from MyrAkt @entity19 , on the other hand, express high levels of @entity43679 , suggesting that the hypothesized organ size control mechanisms may down-regulate the expression of this molecule. @entity5 cells, similar to MyrAkt thymocytes in culture, express high levels of @entity43679 . These findings support the hypothesis that @entity5 induction is caused by the failure of organ size control mechanisms to down-regulate @entity43679 and to block MyrAkt-promoted G(1) progression.

title: XXXX induction by an @entity29939 -MyrAkt transgene is delayed by mechanisms controlling the size of the thymus.

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['thymomas']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'Transgenic mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Primary tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tumor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity460 is a universal signal in the regulation of wide aspects in biology, but few are known about the function of @entity460 in the control of early embryo development. @entity141 deficiency in soil induces early @entity5852 in peanut, producing empty pods, which is a general problem; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, @entity5852 was characterized to be caused by apoptosis marked with cell wall degradation. Using a method of SSH cDNA libraries associated with library lift (SSHaLL), 62 differentially expressed genes were isolated from young peanut embryos. These genes were classified to be stress responses, catabolic process, @entity1735 and lipid metabolism, embryo morphogenesis, regulation, etc. The cell retardation with cell wall degradation was caused by up-regulated cell wall hydrolases and down-regulated cellular synthases genes. HsfA4a, which was characterized to be important to embryo development, was significantly down-regulated under @entity141 -deficient conditions from 15  days after pegging (DAP) to 30 DAP. Two AhCYP707A4 genes, encoding @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ) 8'-hydroxylases, key enzymes for @entity2272 catabolism, were up-regulated by 21-fold under @entity141 -deficient conditions upstream of HsfA4a, reducing the @entity2272 level in early embryos. Over-expression of AhCYP707A4 in Nicotiana benthamiana showed a phenotype of low @entity2272 content with high numbers of @entity5852 , small pods and less seeds, which confirms that AhCYP707A4 is a key player in regulation of @entity141 @entity5852 via @entity2272 -mediated apoptosis. The results elucidated the mechanism of low @entity141 -induced @entity5852 and described the method for other fields of study.

title: Identification of low XXXX stress-induced embryo apoptosis response genes in Arachis hypogaea by SSH-associated library lift (SSHaLL).

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity5852 :: ('MESH:D000031', 'Disease') :: ['aborted embryos', 'embryo abortion', 'deficiency-induced embryo abortion']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca(2+)']


abstract: @entity4115 ( @entity4115 ) is a urologic emergency that may result in future @entity249 problems. The pathologic process of @entity4115 is similar to an @entity63 reperfusion injury (IRI). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ) on reversing the damaging consequences of @entity4115 -induced IRI by examining its inhibitory effects on the expression of inflammatory and apoptosis mediators in a unilateral @entity4115 @entity35 model. Eighteen male @entity35 were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 underwent a sham operation of the left testis under general anesthesia. Group 2 underwent @entity63 for 1h followed by 4h reperfusion in the presence of saline. The third group was similar to group 2, however, @entity3090 (50 mg/kg) was injected i.p. 30 min after @entity63 induction. The in vivo protective effect of @entity3090 was tested by measuring testicular levels of @entity1505 , @entity568 and @entity3426 by ELISA and mRNA expression of @entity1506 , @entity4647 , @entity10740 , @entity2310 , @entity1976 and survivin by real-time PCR. Also, testicular morphological changes and damage to spermatogenesis were evaluated using H_E staining and Johnsen's scoring system, respectively. @entity3090 treatment improved testicular structures in the ipsilateral testis, markedly inhibited germ cell apoptosis (GCA) and significantly decreased testicular cytokine levels. In addition, @entity3090 was able to down regulate the mRNA expression of @entity1506 , @entity4647 and pro-apoptosis genes in favor of cell survival. For the first time we show that in vivo @entity3090 treatment rescued the torsed testes from IRI-induced @entity32 , GCA and damage to spermatogenesis thus suggesting a new preventive approach to inhibiting the inflammatory and apoptotic consequences of @entity4115 -induced IRI.

title: @entity3089 inhibits apoptosis and protects testicular seminiferous tubules from @entity63 /reperfusion-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4115 :: ('MESH:D013086', 'Disease') :: ['Testicular torsion', 'TT']

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['epigallocatechin-3-gallate']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 4254 Background: @entity356 is one of the most frequent @entity5 of the gastrointestinal tract in the Middle East region. Remarkable differences in clinical and pathological features, and the outcome of the disease are observed between countries which lead to define the cases as western and eastern types of @entity356 . However, the place of the Turkish @entity1 in this spectrum is not well defined. METHODS: In this retrospective single center study we aimed to analyze the characteristics and outcomes of Turkish @entity1 with @entity5 . RESULTS: 683 @entity1 (409 males, 274 females; m/f :1.49) were included. Mean age of diagnosis was 57.4    12 years. Anatomical localization of the @entity5 were as follows; antrum 44.1%; corpus 26.9%; @entity418 12.7%; diffuse 15.7%; pylorus 0.6%. At the initial diagnosis only 2.6% of the @entity1 had stage I disease, 8% had stage II, 37. 4% had stage III, and 50.2% had stage IV disease. All the @entity1 had histologically proven @entity420 , 41% were poorly differantiated, 41.6% were moderately differantiated, 12.7% were well differantiated, and 4.7% were @entity5 . Median survival times of the @entity1 were in stage I 52 months, in stage II 42.4 months, in stage III 33.9 and in stage IV 9.8 months. CONCLUSION: . The mean age of Turkish @entity1 are younger and the incidence of @entity5 are still much more @entity5 like the other middle-east countries. But the survival rates according the stage of the disease is different from other middle-east countries with poor survival rates and worse prognosis. High incidence of advanced stages of the disease suggests that screening programs are needed especially in east Anatolian regions of @entity233 for early detection. In conclusion Turkish @entity1 do not belong either to the easten type or the western type @entity356 and show some features of both forms of the disease. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: XXXX in @entity233 : A single center experience of 683 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['higher than cardia tumors', 'tumors', 'cancers', 'antral tumors', 'neuroendocrine tumors', 'stomach cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'Gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric cancer']


abstract: CONTEXT: It has been proposed that @entity1386 is a protective response to excess caloric supply, but it is cardiometabolically harmful once adipocytes become inflamed. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to assess whether elevated @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), a measure of systemic @entity32 , can differentiate individuals at higher mortality risk due to excess @entity1386 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : We conducted an observational study of 16,486 white and 11,168 black @entity1 and @entity1 in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in @entity64 study, a U.S. national cohort. MAIN OUTCOME: The main outcome was all-cause mortality. RESULTS: The mean age of the cohort was 64    9 yr. Over a 6-yr period, 927 whites and 669 blacks died. The absolute risk of @entity204 was highest among underweight whites and blacks (9.2 and 14%, respectively), not the @entity28 (4.7% whites; 4.0% blacks) or severely @entity28 (5.9% whites; and 4.6% blacks). Among those with elevated @entity1851 (>= 3 vs. <1 mg/liter), underweight [hazard ratio (HR) 2.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-4.21] and normal-weight (HR 2.62, 95% CI 1.87-3.67) whites were at significantly higher mortality risk but not severely @entity28 whites (HR 1.55, 95% CI 0.77-2.96), resulting in a statistical interaction (P = 0.01). Similar results were also seen for blacks, although a higher mortality risk among severely @entity28 blacks with @entity29726 or greater vs. less than 1 mg/liter was also demonstrated (HR 2.58, 95% CI 1.04-6.41). Among whites and black @entity1 , higher waist circumference was associated with an increased mortality risk, although this relationship was not modified by @entity1851 levels (P = 0.47 for whites and P = 0.25 for blacks). CONCLUSION: Among middle-aged and older adults, the addition of @entity1851 was most informative among underweight and normal-weight individuals, not the @entity28 . This negated our hypothesis that increased levels of @entity1851 would differentiate individuals at higher mortality risk due to excess @entity1386 .

title: @entity1386 , @entity32 , and risk for XXXX in black and white @entity1 and @entity1 in the United States: the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in @entity64 (REGARDS) study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Despite the absence of a complete physiologic-pathologic understanding, common accepted theory for development of @entity1468 is @entity3 leading to failed uterine and spiral arteriolar remodeling, causing @entity455 by secreted molecules in response to decreased placental perfusion, placental @entity519 , and @entity63 . Placental @entity7499 is especially ineffective in early onset @entity1468 and fetal morbidity/mortality rates are higher because of further @entity551 . In this study, we aim to compare the maternal and umbilical cord blood levels of @entity519 -inducible transcription factor-1a ( @entity7738 ), which is believed to regulate @entity519 -related transcriptional responses, to play role in activating genes for initial phases of placental development and @entity7499 and a physiologic vasodilator molecule @entity842 (NO) in normal, early and late onset preeclamptic pregnant @entity1 . METHODS: Pregnant @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity1468 (early onset  <=34 weeks; late onset >34 weeks) and delivered in our clinic were enrolled for this prospective case-controlled study. Pregnant @entity1 without @entity1468 were recruited as control group. @entity7738 and NO levels in maternal and umbilical cord blood measured and compared among groups. FINDINGS: A total of 46 cases were enrolled for this study, including 25 preeclamptic (13 in the early onset group and 12 in the late onset group) and 21 normal pregnant @entity1 in the control group. @entity1468 group to controls revealed higher maternal blood @entity7738 levels in the control group, however higher umbilical cord NO levels in the @entity1468 group (p   <   0.05 and p   <   0.001, respectively). In a second analysis, when compared to control group, both early and late onset @entity1468 subgroups were found to have higher umbilical cord blood NO levels (p   <   0.001). RESULTS: In this study, we observed lower maternal blood @entity7738 levels and higher umbilical cord NO levels in @entity1468 group than controls. These findings suggest that umbilical cord blood NO levels in pregnant @entity1 with @entity1468 increase in response to @entity519 . However, lower @entity7738 levels in @entity1468 group can be due to our limited number of cases and we think that there is a need for further studies with larger sample size.

title: Comparison of maternal and umbilical cord blood @entity7738 and XXXX levels in early and late onset preeclamptic pregnancies.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['maternal vascular endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity7499 :: ('MESH:D016510', 'Disease') :: ['angiogenesis']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['Comparison of preeclampsia', 'preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete trophoblastic invasion']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['decreased blood flow']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyse morphological types, location in the large bowel and demographic characteristics of @entity1586 . METHODS: The retrospective descriptive study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman, and comprised biopsy specimens of @entity1586 from @entity1 related to a two-year period from 2011 to 2012. Demographic data, types of @entity1127 , anatomical location and grade of @entity1141 were analysed. SPSS 20 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: There were 160 biopsy specimens from 143 @entity1 . Of the @entity1 , 91(63.6 %) were male and 52(36.4%) were female. The mean age was 55.27+-14.2 years. Of the 160 @entity1127 , 37((23.1%) were in the rectum. The most common type was the @entity6523 in 88(55.0%) cases followed by @entity1127 51(31.9%) and inflammatory @entity1127 21(13.1%). Of the 88 @entity6523 , 23(26%) showed high-grade @entity1141 . CONCLUSIONS: The commonest colon polyp type was @entity6523 . Screening programmes, such as stool occult blood testing and colonoscopies, are recommended.

title: A retrospective study of clinico-pathological characteristics of XXXX in adults seen at a tertiary care centre.

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['polyps', 'hyperplastic polyps']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyps', 'adenomatous polyp']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colonic polyps']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1586 :: (MESH:D003111,Disease) :: ['colonic polyps']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Fermented @entity9688 spoilage (FCS) characterized by rising pH and the appearance of manure- and cheese-like aromas is a challenge of significant economical impact for the pickling industry. Previous culture-based studies identified the @entity375 Pichia manshurica and Issatchenkia occidentalis, 4 Gram-positive bacteria, @entity30050 , @entity30050 parrafaraginis, Clostridium sp., and Propionibacterium and 1 Gram-negative genus, Pectinatus, as relevant in various stages of FCS given their ability to metabolize @entity880 . It was the objective of this study to augment the current knowledge of FCS using culture-independent methods to microbiologically characterize commercial spoilage samples. Ion Torrent data and 16S rRNA cloning library analyses of samples collected from commercial fermentation tanks confirmed the presence of L. rapi and @entity30050 and revealed the presence of additional species involved in the development of FCS such as @entity30050 namurensis, @entity30050 acetotolerans, @entity30050 panis, @entity37106 peroxydans, @entity33182 , and @entity37106 at pH below 3.4. The culture-independent analyses also revealed the presence of species of Veillonella and Dialister in spoilage samples with pH above 4.0 and confirmed the presence of Pectinatus spp. during @entity880 degradation at the higher pH. @entity37106 spp. were successfully isolated from commercial samples collected from tanks subjected to air purging by plating on @entity2656 @entity375 Peptone agar. In contrast, @entity30050 spp. were primarily identified in samples of FCS collected from tanks not subjected to air purging for more than 4 mo. Thus, it is speculated that @entity26 availability may be a determining factor in the initiation of spoilage and the leading microbiota.

title: Bacterial Ecology of Fermented XXXX Rising pH Spoilage as Determined by Nonculture-Based Methods.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['Mannitol']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity30050 :: ('1581', 'Species') :: ['L. buchneri', 'Lactobacillus buchneri', 'Lactobacillus']

entities_list: @entity33182 :: ('435', 'Species') :: ['Acetobacter aceti']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity37106 :: ('438', 'Species') :: ['Acetobacter', 'Acetobacter pasteurianus']

answer: @entity9688 :: (3659,Species) :: ['Cucumber']


abstract: In order to clarify the functional role of @entity2227 receptors of the gracile nucleus neurons in @entity35 with @entity128 -induced @entity1931 , pharmacological, electrophysiological and in situ hybridization techniques were used in @entity35 with @entity8638 ( @entity8638 ) of the sciatic nerve. A total of 54 wide dynamic range neurons were recorded from the gracile nucleus in the @entity35 with @entity8638 . Mechanical evoked responses were significantly @entity308 following application of @entity140 receptor antagonist, CNQX, with noxious and non-noxious responses being similarly affected. AP-5, an @entity143 receptor antagonist, induced @entity308 of the pressure-evoked response only after application of the 1-microM concentration of this drug. The size of the receptive fields was significantly decreased after CNQX, but not @entity3390 or AP-5, application. Afterdischarge was significantly @entity308 following the application of CNQX (1000 microM). The expression of ionotropic @entity2227 receptor subunit mRNAs in the gracile nucleus was studied using the in situ hybridization technique. The signals for @entity143 subunits, NR2A, -2B and -2C, in the gracile nucleus neurons were not prominent, suggesting a low level expression of functional @entity143 receptor complex. @entity140 receptor subunits @entity4860 , -R2, -R3 and -R4 mRNAs were expressed in a large number of gracile nucleus neurons. These data are consistent with the pharmacological results that @entity140 receptor antagonists @entity308 nociceptive neuronal activity, but @entity143 receptor antagonists showed limited effects. These results suggest that the ionotropic @entity2227 receptors, i.e. the @entity140 and @entity143 receptors, are differentially involved in modulation of the wide dynamic range neuronal activity in the gracile nucleus following peripheral @entity128 .

title: Involvement of @entity2227 receptors on hyperexcitability of wide dynamic range neurons in the gracile nucleus of the XXXX with experimental mononeuropathy.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity8638 :: ('MESH:D020208', 'Disease') :: ['CCI', 'chronic constriction nerve injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity263 is the most frequently diagnosed @entity5 in @entity1 and the second highest contributor of male @entity5 mortality. The crude extract of Euphorbia formosana (CEEF) has been used for treatment of different diseases but the cytotoxic effects of CEEF on @entity1 @entity5 cells have not been reported. The purpose of the present experiments was to determine effects of CEEF on cell cycle distribution and induction of apoptosis in DU145 @entity1 @entity263 cells in vitro. Contrast-phase microscope was used for examining cell morphological changes. Flow cytometric assays were used for cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis, reactive @entity26 species, and @entity141 production and mitochondria membrane potential (    m ). Western blotting was used for examining protein expression of cell cycle and apoptosis associated proteins. Real-time PCR was used for examining mRNA levels of @entity15418 , AIF, and @entity17836 . Confocal laser microscope was used to examine the translocation of AIF, @entity17836 , and cytochrome in DU145 cells after CEEF exposure. CEEF-induced cell morphological changes, decreased the percentage of viable cells, and induced S phase arrest and apoptosis in DU145 cells. Furthermore, CEEF promoted RAS and @entity141 production and reduced     m levels. Real-time QPCR confirmed that CEEF promoted the mRNA expression of @entity9189 , AIF and @entity17836 and we found that AIF and @entity17836 and @entity4674 were released from mitochondria. Taken together, CEEF-induced cytotoxic effects via ROS production, induced S phase arrest and induction of apoptosis through caspase-dependent and independent and mitochondria-dependent pathways in DU245 @entity5 cells.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2015.

title: Crude extract of Euphorbia formosana induces apoptosis of DU145 XXXX @entity263 cells acts through the caspase-dependent and independent signaling pathway.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cost-effectiveness of routine postoperative radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery has not been prospectively evaluated earlier. In times of rationing of medical resources, valid assessments of cost-effectiveness are important for rational allocation of resources. PURPOSE: Cost and cost-effectiveness of routine postoperative radiotherapy was calculated in a prospective randomized trial comparing sector resection plus axillary dissection with (XRT group) or without (non-XRT group) postoperative radiotherapy in @entity0 . Three hundred eighty-one @entity1 were included. After a median follow-up of five years 43 local recurrences, six of them in the XRT-group occurred (P < 0.0001). No difference in regional and distant recurrence (P = 0.23) or survival (P = 0.44) was observed. @entity1 AND METHODS: Direct medical costs as well as indirect costs in terms of production lost during the treatment period and travel expenses were estimated from data in the medical records and the national insurance registry of each @entity1 . Average costs of different treatment activities and measures were estimated for the XRT-group and the non-XRT group respectively. From these estimates differences in costs and effectiveness between the groups were calculated and marginal cost-effectiveness ratios were estimated. For the construction of QALYs each life-year was quality-adjusted by a utility value depending on which health state the @entity1 was considered to perceive. RESULTS: Taking into account the cost of primary treatment, the cost of follow-up, the cost of treatment of a local recurrence, travel expenses and indirect costs (production lost) excluding costs for treatment of regional and distant recurrence the cost per avoided local recurrence at five years was SEK 337,727 ( 44,438, Pounds 27,018). Adjustment for quality of life showed a cost for every gained QALY to be SEK approximately 1.6 million, ( 210,526, Pounds 128,000), range SEK 0.2-3.9 million ( 26,315-513,158, Pounds 16,000-312,000). CONCLUSION: The cost of routine postoperative radiotherapy after sector resection and axillary dissection in @entity0 per avoided local recurrence and gained QALY is high. The cost per gained QALY show great variation depending on utility value, which in this study was derived from external observers and not from the @entity1 themselves. These results stress the importance of identifying risk factors for local recurrence, better understanding of impact on quality of life of a local recurrence and adding cost evaluations to clinical trials in early @entity0 .

title: The cost-effectiveness of routine postoperative radiotherapy after sector resection and axillary dissection for XXXX . Results from a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer stage I', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer stage I']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine if voxel-based histogram analysis of intravoxel incoherent motion imaging (IVIM) parameters can differentiate various subtypes of @entity703 , including benign and malignant lesions. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 44 @entity1 with @entity703 who underwent surgery and had histopathology available were included in this Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant, institutional review board-approved, single-institution prospective study. In addition to routine renal magnetic resonance imaging examination performed on a 1.5-T system, all @entity1 were imaged with axial diffusion-weighted imaging using 8 b values (range, 0-800 s/mm). A biexponential model was fitted to the diffusion signal data using a segmented algorithm to extract the IVIM parameters perfusion fraction (fp), tissue diffusivity (Dt), and pseudodiffusivity (Dp) for each voxel. Mean and histogram measures of heterogeneity (standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis) of IVIM parameters were correlated with pathology results of @entity5 subtype using unequal variance t tests to compare subtypes in terms of each measure. Correction for multiple comparisons was accomplished using the Tukey honestly significant difference procedure. RESULTS: A total of 44 @entity703 including 23 clear cell (ccRCC), 4 papillary ( @entity35642 ), 5 chromophobe, and 5 @entity1358 , as well as benign lesions, 4 @entity1637 ( @entity1637 ) and 3 @entity359 ( @entity359 ), were included in our analysis. Mean IVIM parameters fp and Dt differentiated 8 of 15 pairs of @entity703 . Histogram analysis of IVIM parameters differentiated 9 of 15 subtype pairs. One subtype pair (ccRCC vs @entity35642 ) was differentiated by mean analysis but not by histogram analysis. However, 2 other subtype pairs ( @entity3052 vs @entity1637 and ccRCC vs @entity1637 ) were differentiated by histogram distribution parameters exclusively. The standard deviation of Dt [  (Dt)] differentiated ccRCC (0.362    0.136 * 10 mm/s) from @entity3052 (0.199    0.043 * 10 mm/s) (P = 0.002). Kurtosis of fp separated @entity1637 (2.767    1.299) from @entity3052 (-0.325    0.279; P = 0.001), ccRCC (0.612    1.139; P = 0.042), and @entity35642 (0.308    0.730; P = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: Intravoxel incoherent motion imaging parameters with inclusion of histogram measures of heterogeneity can help differentiate malignant from benign lesions as well as various subtypes of @entity703 .

title: Subtype Differentiation of XXXX Using Voxel-Based Histogram Analysis of Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Parameters.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1637 :: ('MESH:D018249', 'Disease') :: ['oncocytomas', 'Onc']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['cystic renal cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity359 :: ('MESH:D018207', 'Disease') :: ['angiomyolipomas', 'AMLs']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancers', 'renal tumors']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['Renal Tumors']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Disease-modifying treatments for @entity195 ( @entity195 ) may require implementation during early stages of b-amyloid accumulation, well before @entity1 have objective @entity73 . In this study we aimed to assess the clinical value of @entity73 ( @entity73 ) by examining the cross-sectional relationship between b-amyloid load and @entity73 . Cerebral b-amyloid and @entity73 was assessed in a cohort of 112 cognitively normal subjects. Subjective cognition was evaluated using specific questions on memory and cognition and the MAC-Q. @entity1 had cerebral b-amyloid load measured with @entity8984 -Florbetaben Positron Emission Tomography (PET). No associations were found between measures of subjective @entity2414 and cerebral b-amyloid. However, by self-reported @entity911 was predictive of a higher global b-amyloid burden (p  =  0.002), after controlling for confounders. Regional analysis revealed significant associations of @entity911 with b-amyloid in the prefrontal region (p  =  0.004), posterior cingulate and precuneus cortices (p  =  0.004) and the lateral temporal lobes (p  =  0.001) after controlling for confounders. An in vivo biomarker for @entity195 pathology was associated with @entity73 by self-reported @entity911 on cross-sectional analysis. Whilst there has been a large body of research on @entity9976 , our results indicate more research is needed to explore symptoms of @entity911 .

title: Self-reported @entity911 is related to global and regional b-amyloid: data from the XXXX 's healthy ageing project.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['SCI', 'subjective cognitive impairment', 'cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairment']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Delayed @entity2806 (DCI) after @entity510 ( @entity510 ) can be reversible or progress to @entity385 . In @entity1 with a deterioration clinically diagnosed as DCI, we investigated whether CT perfusion (CTP) can distinguish between reversible @entity63 and @entity63 progressing to @entity385 . METHODS: From a prospectively collected series of @entity510 @entity1 , we included those with DCI, CTP on the day of clinical deterioration, and follow-up imaging. In qualitative CTP analyses (visual assessment), we calculated positive and negative predictive value ( @entity2286 and NPV) with 95  % confidence intervals (95%CI) of a perfusion deficit for @entity1188 on follow-up imaging. In quantitative analyses, we compared perfusion values of the least perfused brain tissue between @entity1 with and without @entity1188 by using receiver-operator characteristic curves and calculated a threshold value with @entity2286 and NPV for the perfusion parameter with the highest area under the curve. RESULTS: In qualitative analyses of 33 included @entity1 , 15 of 17 @entity1 (88  %) with and 6 of 16 @entity1 (38  %) without @entity1188 on follow-up imaging had a perfusion deficit during clinical deterioration (p   =   0.002). Presence of a perfusion deficit had a @entity2286 of 71  % (95%CI: 48-89  %) and NPV of 83  % (95%CI: 52-98  %) for @entity1188 on follow-up. Quantitative analyses showed that an absolute minimal cerebral blood flow (CBF) threshold of 17.7  mL/100  g/min had a @entity2286 of 63  % (95%CI: 41-81  %) and a NPV of 78  % (95%CI: 40-97  %) for @entity1188 . CONCLUSIONS: CTP may differ between @entity1 with DCI who develop @entity1188 and those who do not. For this purpose, qualitative evaluation may perform marginally better than quantitative evaluation.

title: CT perfusion during delayed XXXX after @entity510 : distinction between reversible @entity63 and @entity63 progressing to @entity1188 .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage', 'aSAH']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A better understanding of the relationship between @entity463 molecular subtypes and radio-chemotherapy is needed for the development of individualized strategies. In this study, we aimed to assess whether non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) protein expression is associated and could predict responses to treatment of @entity361 ( @entity361 ) and proneural (PN) subtypes. @entity5 from 122 @entity1 with a @entity463 treated at the University Hospital of Poitiers between 2002-2013 by an association of radiotherapy and @entity2903 were collected. Among these @entity5 , 80 were suitable for in situ analysis and were included in TissueMicroArray. The expression of @entity10322 , @entity10320 , @entity10321 and @entity1759 , @entity14382 (respectively surrogate markers of @entity361 and PN subtypes) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The median survival of @entity1 with high and low @entity1759 expression was 11.9 months (95% CI 7.7-14) and 19.1 months (95% CI 15.2-22.4) respectively (p   =   0.008). Median survival of @entity1 with high and low @entity10322 levels was 20.0 months (95% CI 15.2-25.3) and 12.9 months (95% CI 9.9-19.5) respectively (p   =   0.036). High levels of @entity14382 , @entity10320 and @entity10321 tended to be associated with better overall survival but no significant differences were found. Overall survival of class I @entity1 ( @entity1759 + and @entity10322 +) was longer than class II ( @entity1759 + and @entity10322 - or @entity1759 - and @entity10322 +) and class III ( @entity1759 - and @entity10322 -), (p   =   0.005 and 0.003 respectively). High levels of @entity1759 and @entity10322 are associated with a better survival and better response to radiotherapy and @entity2903 and could establish prognosis classes by predicting survival and response to therapy for GBMs @entity1 .

title: Mesenchymal subtype of XXXX with high @entity10322 expression is associated with better response to radiotherapy and @entity2903 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['MES', 'mesenchymal']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: Screw fixation (osteosynthesis) can be performed percutaneously by interventional radiologists. We report our experience in @entity5 @entity1 . MATERIAL/METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all cases of percutaneous osteosynthesis (PO) of the pelvic ring and proximal femur performed in our hospital. PO were performed for @entity174 palliation or for osteolytic metastases consolidation. Screws were inserted under CT- or cone-beam CT- guidance and general anaesthesia. @entity1 were followed-up with pelvic-CT and medical consultation at 1  month, then every 3  months. For @entity174 , the goal was @entity158 palliation and for osteolytic metastases, pathologic @entity174 prevention. RESULTS: Between February 2010 and August 2014, 64 @entity5 @entity1 were treated with PO. Twenty-one @entity1 had PO alone for 33 painful @entity174 (13 bone-insufficiency, 20 pathologic @entity174 ). The @entity158 was significantly improved at 1  month (VAS score   =   20/100 vs. 80/100). In addition, 43 @entity5 @entity1 were preventively consolidated using PO plus cementoplasty for 45 impending pathologic @entity174 (10 iliac crests, 35 proximal femurs). For the iliac crests, no @entity174 occurred (median-FU   =   75  days). For the proximal femurs, 2 pathological @entity174 occurred ( @entity174 rate   =   5.7  %, median-FU   =   205  days). CONCLUSION: PO is a new tool in the therapeutic arsenal of interventional radiologists for @entity158 management. KEY POINTS:     Screw fixation (osteosynthesis) can be performed percutaneously by interventional radiologists.     CT- or CBCT-guidance results in high technical success rates for screw placement.     This minimally invasive technique avoids extensive surgical exposure in @entity3478 @entity1 .     Osteosynthesis provides @entity158 relief for @entity174 .     Osteosynthesis plus cementoplasty provide prophylactic consolidation of impending pathological @entity174 .

title: Percutaneous osteosynthesis in the pelvis in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'bone-insufficiency fractures and for pathologic fractures']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with @entity12040 , circulating lymphocytes are activated, and histological findings indicate that cell-mediated immunity plays an important role in the pathogenetic sequence leading to @entity455 . METHODS AND RESULTS: To delineate the profile of inflammatory and chemoattractant cytokines involved in T-cell activation in @entity12040 , we measured by ELISA serum levels of @entity650 , @entity1356 , and @entity5737 in 18 @entity1 . Subsequently, we wanted to establish whether any of these molecules could be used as a marker to monitor the clinical course of the disease and to predict disease exacerbations. We found that all @entity1 with @entity12040 studied during an active phase of the disease have increased serum concentration of @entity650 compared with healthy control subjects (P<0.01). Enhanced @entity650 serum levels paralleled disease activity to the extent that its serum concentrations were comparable to those of control subjects when @entity1 were studied in remission. @entity5737 concentrations were also higher than normal in the serum of all @entity1 with @entity12040 (P<0.01) studied during an active phase of the disease. @entity5737 serum levels tended to normalize in remission, but values remained higher than those of control subjects (P<0.05). In contrast, serum concentrations of @entity1356 were below the detection limit of ELISA in both healthy subjects and all @entity1 with @entity12040 . A positive correlation was found between either @entity650 (rho=0.705, P<0.01) or @entity5737 (rho=0.607, P<0.05) serum level and disease activity. CONCLUSIONS: The close correlation of serum @entity650 and @entity5737 levels with disease activity suggests that these cytokines contribute to @entity75 in @entity12040 and raises the possibility that their monitoring in serum helps clinicians find adequate treatment adjustments in individual @entity1 .

title: @entity650 and XXXX in @entity12040 : a guide for therapeutic decisions?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitic lesions']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ['Takayasu arteritis']

answer: @entity5737 :: (6352,Gene) :: ['RANTES']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Type 2 @entity6 is an independent risk factor for @entity73 . @entity2690 resistance occurring during midlife may increase the risk of @entity73 later in life. We hypothesised that @entity2690 resistance is associated with poorer cognitive performance and that sex and @entity2204 *E4 might modulate this association. METHODS: The association of @entity2690 resistance and @entity2204 *E4 genotype on cognitive function was evaluated in a nationwide Finnish population-based study (n   =   5,935, mean age 52.5  years, range 30-97  years). HOMA-IR was used to measure @entity2690 resistance. Cognitive function was tested by word-list learning, word-list delayed-recall, categorical verbal fluency and simple and visual-choice reaction-time tests. Linear regression analysis was used to determine the association between HOMA-IR and the results of the cognitive tests. RESULTS: Higher HOMA-IR was associated with poorer verbal fluency in @entity1 (p   <   0.0001) but not in @entity1 (p   =   0.56). Higher HOMA-IR was also associated with poorer verbal fluency in @entity2204 *E4 -negative individuals (p   =   0.0003), but not in @entity2204 *E4 carriers (p   =   0.28). Furthermore, higher HOMA-IR was associated with a slower simple reaction time in the whole study group (p   =   0.02). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive, population-based study, including both young and middle-aged adults, to report that female sex impacts the association of HOMA-IR with verbal fluency. Our study was cross-sectional, so causal effects of HOMA-IR on cognition could not be evaluated. However, our results suggest that HOMA-IR could be an early marker for an increased risk of @entity73 in @entity1 .

title: @entity2690 resistance is associated with poorer verbal fluency performance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about long-term results of gamma knife (GK) stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) as a primary or a secondary postoperative therapy for @entity7824 ( @entity7824 ). The authors retrospectively reviewed long-term outcomes of 13 @entity1 with CN treated with GK SRS. METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 were treated with GK SRS as a primary (6 @entity1 ) or a secondary postoperative therapy (7 @entity1 ). Follow-up clinical status and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were thoroughly analyzed. The functional status of @entity1 was assessed with the Karnofsky Performance Scale during follow-up. RESULTS: The median follow-up period for clinical status and imaging studies was 61 months (range, 6 months to 96 months). @entity5 decreased in 5 @entity1 who received GK SRS as a primary treatment. However, the @entity5 recurred in 2 @entity1 treated with a secondary GK SRS after surgery from the @entity41 bed that was not covered by the GK SRS. Parenchymal changes and secondary @entity5 were not found in follow-up MRIs of all 13 @entity1 . The Karnofsky Performance Scale score of all @entity1 , except for 1 @entity1 who suffered from an unrelated anteriorly communicating arterial @entity1756 , did not change after GK SRS. CONCLUSIONS: GK SRS may be useful as a primary or a secondary postoperative therapy for the treatment of CN. However, more attention should be paid to residual or recurrent CN during treatment, and regular long-term follow-up MRI should be mandatory to validate the procedure.

title: Gamma knife radiosurgery for XXXX : primary and secondary treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity7824 :: ('MESH:D018306', 'Disease') :: ['CNs', 'central neurocytomas']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal rupture']

answer: @entity7824 :: (MESH:D018306,Disease) :: ['central neurocytoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Tropical peatland fires play a significant role in the context of global warming through emissions of substantial amounts of greenhouse gases. However, the state of knowledge on @entity505 loss from these fires is still poorly developed with few studies reporting the associated mass of peat consumed. Furthermore, spatial and temporal variations in burn depth have not been previously quantified. This study presents the first spatially explicit investigation of fire-driven tropical peat loss and its variability. An extensive airborne Light Detection and Ranging data set was used to develop a prefire peat surface modelling methodology, enabling the spatially differentiated quantification of @entity4808 over the entire burned area. We observe a strong interdependence between @entity4808 , fire frequency and distance to drainage canals. For the first time, we show that relative @entity4808 decreases over the first four fire events and is constant thereafter. Based on our results, we revise existing peat and @entity505 loss estimates for recurrent fires in drained tropical peatlands. We suggest values for the dry mass of peat fuel consumed that are 206  t  ha(-1) for initial fires, reducing to 115  t  ha(-1) for second, 69  t  ha(-1) for third and 23  t  ha(-1) for successive fires, which are 58-7% of the current IPCC Tier 1 default value for all fires. In our study area, this results in @entity505 losses of 114, 64, 38 and 13  t  C  ha(-1) for first to fourth fires, respectively. Furthermore, we show that with increasing proximity to drainage canals both @entity4808 and the probability of recurrent fires increase and present equations explaining @entity4808 as a function of distance to drainage canal. This improved knowledge enables a more accurate approach to emissions accounting and will support IPCC Tier 2 reporting of fire emissions.

title: Variable XXXX losses from recurrent fires in drained tropical peatlands.

entities_list: @entity4808 :: ('MESH:D002056', 'Disease') :: ['burned area depth']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']