abstract: BACKGROUND: Early prediction of disease severity in @entity656 ( @entity656 ) is crucial. The aim of this study was to investigate the body-mass index (BMI), plasma @entity1243 , @entity29869 and ghrelin levels as potential markers predicting @entity39 and severity in @entity656 . METHODS: In the study period, 97 consecutive @entity1 with @entity656 were prospectively analysed. Severe @entity656 was defined according to the Atlanta Criteria. BMI was also calculated. To measure plasma @entity1243 , @entity29869 and Ghrelin concentrations, the blood samples were obtained from @entity1 within 24 hours of admission. RESULTS: Out of 97 @entity1 , 92(70 females, 22 males) were considered eligible for analysis. Of the 92 @entity1 , 30 @entity1 (32.6%) were assessed as severe @entity788 . BMI and @entity1243 levels were significantly higher in @entity1 with severe @entity788 . The pooled sensitivity and specificity of BMI as a predictor for the development of @entity39 were 0.90(95%CI  =  0.56-0.99) and 0.70(95%CI  =  0.58-0.79), respectively; with an overall area under curve value of 0.78.The pooled sensitivity and specificity of @entity1243 levels as a predictor for development of @entity39 were 1(95%CI  =  0.69-1) and 0.73(95%CI  =  0.62-0.82),respectively; with an overall area under curve value of 0.82. @entity29869 and ghrelin levels showed no significant difference in @entity1 with mild @entity788 (6.97      0.84  ng/ml and 2.3(1.0-9.9);respectively) and severe @entity788 (6.74      0.65  ng/ml and 2.0(1.9-9.9); respectively) (p  =  0.1923 and 0.8531;respectively). CONCLUSION: BMI and plasma @entity1243 levels both were correlated with the severity of @entity788 . @entity1243 levels showed better area under the curve, sensitivity and specificity values compared to BMI in prediction of @entity39 . @entity29869 and ghrelin levels were not found to be predictors of the severity of disease.

title: The potential role of BMI, plasma XXXX , @entity29869 and ghrelin levels in the early detection of @entity39 and severe @entity656 : a prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['AP', 'acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic necrosis', 'peripancreatic necrosis']

answer: @entity1243 :: (3952,Gene) :: ['leptin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The present study sought to examine the specificity, developmental correlates, nature and pervasiveness of imitation deficits very early in the development of @entity2438 . METHODS: Subjects were 24 @entity1 with @entity2438 (mean age 34 months), 18 @entity1 with @entity2100 , 20 @entity1 with other @entity245 , and 15 typically-developing @entity1 . Tasks included manual, oral-facial, and object oriented imitations, developmental measures, joint attention ability, and motor abilities. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity2438 were found to be significantly more impaired in overall imitation abilities, oral-facial imitation, and imitations of actions on objects than @entity1 in all of the other groups. Imitation skills of young @entity1 with @entity2100 were strongly influenced by the absence or presence of symptoms of @entity2438 . For @entity1 with @entity2438 , imitation skills were strongly correlated with @entity2438 and joint attention, even when controlling for developmental level. For comparison groups, imitation was related to other developmental abilities including play, language, and @entity227 . Neither motor functioning nor social responsivity accounted for a significant amount of variance in imitation scores, when controlling for overall developmental level, which accounted for much of the variation in imitation ability. CONCLUSIONS: Simple imitation skills were differentially impaired in young @entity1 with @entity2438 , and lack of social cooperation did not account for their poor performance. In @entity2438 , imitation skills clustered with dyadic and triadic social interactions and overall developmental level, but were not related to play or language development. For comparison @entity1 , all these areas were inter-related. Hypotheses about a specific @entity51 underlying the imitation performance in @entity2438 were not supported.

title: Imitation performance in toddlers with @entity2438 and those with other XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual spatial skills']

entities_list: @entity2438 :: ('MESH:D001321', 'Disease') :: ['autistic symptoms', 'autism']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental disorders']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['dyspraxic deficit']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['fragile X syndrome']

answer: @entity245 :: (MESH:D002658,Disease) :: ['developmental disorders']


abstract: HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: A 61-year-old @entity1 in poor general health was admitted to hospital because of progressive diarrheo, @entity11634 , @entity1295 and @entity353 . The @entity1 had a history of @entity66 with poor dietary compliance over many years. Hence, the present clinical deterioration was unresponsive to a gluten-free diet. INVESTIGATIONS: Laboratory results showed signs of @entity32 and malabsorption. The endoscopy of the duodenum revealed a flattened @entity33 , as is typical for @entity66 . Enteroscopy revealed many small jejunal lesions. Histological examination of mucosa showed typical signs of @entity66 without definite signs of @entity706 . Immunhistochemical analysis showed atypical intraepithelial T-cells, while the molecular biological study revealed a monoclonal T-cell clone, both supporting the diagnosis of an @entity7017 associated @entity784 (EATCL). DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY: The @entity1 was enrolled in a study on @entity1893 and accordingly received 6 courses of @entity3726 -chemotherapy. Clinical and histological improvement has lasted for over a year. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity66 unresponsive to a gluten-free diet or with a deteriorating clinical condition may have an @entity7017 -associated @entity784 . This can manifest itself in the form of an @entity1066 . In the early stages of disease, immunhistochemical and molecularbiological analyses may lead to the correct diagnosis.

title: [Enteropathy-associated XXXX . Manifestation as diet-refractory @entity66 and ulcerating jejunitis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac disease']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal architecture']

entities_list: @entity7017 :: ('MESH:C538273', 'Disease') :: ['enteropathy']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity11634 :: ('MESH:D005414', 'Disease') :: ['flatulence']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative jejunitis']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal non-Hodgkin lymphomas']

answer: @entity784 :: (MESH:D016399,Disease) :: ['T-cell lymphoma']


abstract: AIM: To detect the mechanism by which @entity694 escapes the growth constraints imposed on normal cells by cell crowding and dense pericellular matrices. METHODS: An immunohistochemical study of integrin avb6 and @entity1495 ( @entity1495 ) was performed on tissue microarrays of 200 spots, including 100 cases of @entity694 . RESULTS: High immunoreactivity for avb6 (73.7%; 28/38) and @entity1495 (76.5%; 52/68) was observed in invasive @entity5 portions. Furthermore, the effects of integrin avb6 on @entity5 @entity851 in @entity19 were detected. Tumor @entity851 and high expression of both avb6 and @entity1495 were only seen in @entity5 resulting from WiDr cells expressing avb6 in the tumorigenicity assay. Flow cytometry was applied to analyze avb6 expression in @entity694 WiDr and SW480 cells. The effects of cell density on avb6 expression and @entity1495 secretion were also detected by Biotrak @entity1495 activity assay and gelatin zymography assay. High cell density evidently enhanced avb6 expression and promoted @entity1495 secretion compared with low density. CONCLUSION: Integrin avb6 sustains and promotes @entity5 @entity851 in @entity5 progression via a self-perpetuating mechanism. Integrin a  b6-mediated @entity1495 secretion facilitates pericellular matrix degradation at high cell density, which provides the basis of @entity851 .

title: Integrin avb6 sustains and promotes @entity5 @entity851 in XXXX progression.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['invasive growth']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-9', 'matrix metalloproteinase-9']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon tumors', 'colon tumor', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: The article identifies 2 national healthcare problems that are occurring in the United States. The first national healthcare problem is @entity28 and the second is @entity170 . What do these 2 healthcare problems have in common? They go hand in hand in teenagers and adults who have undergone weight reduction surgeries. These surgical procedures place a @entity1 at risk for @entity170 because of the surgical procedure causing malabsorption that comes from the bypassing of the duodenum, which is the primary location for the absorption of @entity460 . This new high-risk population needs to become educated regarding @entity170 and the treatment measures that can be instituted to prevent this disease. @entity170 is a disease where the bones of the body become very fragile and can easily break. Any bone can be affected by @entity170 and @entity174 . There is no cure for @entity170 but this disease can be controlled and prevented. This article discusses various treatment and prevention measures, ranging from dietary changes to the addition of medications.

title: The effects of weight loss on XXXX and bone.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recently, it has been proved that fractional exhaled @entity842 (FENO) results are in disagreement with other measurements of @entity565 control. The objective of this work is to present and validate new @entity55 ratios. METHODS: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study in which we evaluated data from medical documentation of 1,529 pediatric and adolescent subjects and a small number (2% of the studied population) of young adults, who presented symptoms suggestive of @entity565 (age range 4-24 y). We are the first to analyze results obtained in this manner (before the introduction of controlled medication): FENO, spirometry, specific resistance of the airways, diagnosis of @entity56 , and allergen sensitization (specific immunoglobulin E results). RESULTS: Cut-off points for the new indicators allowed us to diagnose @entity565 in the study @entity1 : for FVC/FENO ratio, 0.17 L/ppb; for FEV1/FENO ratio, 0.15 L/ppb; for forced expiratory flow during the middle half of the FVC maneuver (FEF25-75%)/FENO ratio, 0.16 L/ppb; for FENO/FVC ratio, 11.00 ppb/L; for FENO/FEV1 ratio, 12.53 ppb/L; and for FENO/FEF25-75% ratio, 11.81 ppb/L. Only the ratios described above were closely correlated with the diagnosis of @entity565 and with one another. They significantly differed between subjects with @entity565 and healthy subjects as well as between females and males. Only FEF25-75%/FENO and FENO/FEF25-75% values were significant predictors of any sensitization in the studied subjects. We found higher sensitivity than specificity and higher positive predictive value than negative predictive value for FVC/FENO, FEV1/FENO, and FEF25-75%/FENO and found a mirror image for reverse parameters. However, the positive predictive values and negative predictive values were not clearly convincing with respect to diagnostic accuracy in the case of the new parameters proposed. CONCLUSIONS: We propose new @entity55 ratios by which it may become possible to diagnose @entity565 in @entity1 and adolescents on the basis of a subject's spirometry and FENO measurements. We believe that our ratios are only supportive of the universally used parameters in the process of diagnosing @entity565 .

title: Spirometry-Adjusted Fraction of Exhaled @entity842 Allows Asthma Diagnosis in XXXX , Adolescents, and Young Adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['lung function/lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: A recent study suggests that @entity4889 is not a risk factor for @entity49 . Since this unexpected finding would have important clinical implications if confirmed, we performed a case-control study with the aim to determine the prevalence of @entity4889 in @entity1 with @entity715 and in healthy individuals taken from the general population and the relative risk of @entity715 in @entity4889 @entity1 . Free protein S concentration was measured in 327 consecutive @entity1 with at least one venous @entity715 episode and in 317 age- and sex-matched control individuals. Different normal reference ranges were obtained and adopted for @entity1 and @entity1 . @entity4889 was found in 3.1% (95% CI: 1.5-5.2) of @entity1 and in 1.3% of controls (95% CI: 0.3-2.8). Ten @entity1 and 4 control subjects had @entity4889 , which determined a relative risk of @entity715 (sex- and age-adjusted odds ratio) of 2.4 (95% CI: 0.8-7.9). When @entity1 and @entity1 were analyzed separately, the risk was 5.0 (95% CI: 0.6-43.6) and 1.6 (95% CI: 0.4-6.7) respectively. PS-deficient @entity1 had more @entity715 episodes than @entity1 and later in life. Multivariate analysis established that sex was an independent determinant of the number of episodes, as was age, while @entity14554 was not. However sex and @entity14554 status were both determinants of age at first @entity715 episode.

title: Free XXXX is a risk factor for @entity49 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity14554 :: ('OMIM:174500', 'Disease') :: ['PS deficiency']

entities_list: @entity4889 :: ('MESH:D018455', 'Disease') :: ['protein S deficiency', 'Protein S deficiency', 'protein S-deficient']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

answer: @entity4889 :: (MESH:D018455,Disease) :: ['protein S deficiency']


abstract: Antigenic variation is a common microbial survival strategy, powered by diversity in expressed surface antigens across the pathogen population over the course of @entity281 . Even so, among pathogens, African trypanosomes have the most comprehensive system of antigenic variation described. African trypanosomes ( @entity3177 spp.) are unicellular parasites native to sub-Saharan Africa, and the causative agents of @entity25 in @entity1 and of n'agana in livestock. They cycle between two habitats: a specific species of @entity238 (Glossina spp. or, colloquially, the tsetse) and the bloodstream of their @entity1 hosts, by assuming a succession of proliferative and quiescent developmental forms, which vary widely in cell architecture and function. Key to each of the developmental forms that arise during these transitions is the composition of the surface coat that covers the plasma membrane.The trypanosome surface coat is extremely dense, covered by millions of repeats of developmentally specified proteins: procyclin gene products cover the organism while it resides in the tsetse and metacyclic gene products cover it while in the @entity238 salivary glands, ready to make the transition to the @entity1 bloodstream. But by far the most interesting coat is the Variant Surface Glycoprotein (VSG) coat that covers the organism in its infectious form (during which it must survive free living in the @entity1 bloodstream). This coat is highly antigenic and elicits robust VSG-specific antibodies that mediate efficient opsonization and complement mediated lysis of the parasites carrying the coat against which the response was made. Meanwhile, a small proportion of the parasite population switches coats, which stimulates a new antibody response to the prevalent (new) VSG species and this process repeats until immune system failure. The disease is fatal unless treated, and treatment at the later stages is extremely toxic.Because the organism is free living in the blood, the VSG:antibody surface represents the interface between pathogen and host, and defines the interaction of the parasite with the immune response. This interaction (cycles of VSG switching, antibody generation, and parasite deletion) results in stereotypical peaks and troughs of @entity5895 that were first recognized more than 100 years ago. Essentially, the mechanism of antigenic variation in @entity3177 results from a need, at the population level, to maintain an extensive repertoire, to evade the antibody response. In this chapter, we will examine what is currently known about the VSG repertoire, its depth, and the mechanisms that diversify it both at the molecular (DNA) and at the phenotypic (surface displayed) level, as well as how it could interact with antibodies raised specifically against it in the host.

title: A Host-Pathogen Interaction Reduced to First Principles: Antigenic Variation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleeping sickness']

entities_list: @entity3177 :: ('5691', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma brucei', 'T. brucei']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5895 :: ('MESH:D018512', 'Disease') :: ['parasitemia']

answer: @entity3177 :: (5691,Species) :: ['T. brucei']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate whether the combination of two psychophysical and two electrophysiological procedures improves diagnostic validity compared with single procedures. METHODS: In a clinical study, 73 @entity1 with @entity726 from the University Eye Hospital in Erlangen and 122 healthy control subjects from the university staff, ranging in age from 19 to 62 years, underwent measurement of temporal contrast sensitivity using a full-field flicker test, spatiotemporal contrast sensitivity, blue-on-yellow visual evoked potential (VEP), and a black-and-white, pattern-reversal electroretinogram. Diagnostic reference criteria included applanation tonometry, optic disc morphometry, and automated perimetry. Sensitivity was determined univariately with a fixed specificity of 80% and in a multivariate approach using logistic regression analysis. The classification rate was estimated using the leaving-one-out method. The correlation with intraocular pressure, @entity227 , and @entity1781 was determined. RESULTS: Contrast sensitivity measurements and the blue-on-yellow pattern-onset VEP showed comparable sensitivity (85%, 84%, and 85%) with 80% specificity, and a pattern-reversal electroretinogram showed lower sensitivity (64%). The first three methods contributed independent information to a diagnostic score. This score improved sensitivity to 94%, with a specificity of 89%. All procedures moderately correlated with the neuroretinal rim area of the optic disc (r=0.32-0.46). The psychophysical tests showed a higher correlation with @entity227 (r > 0.5) than the electrophysiological tests (r < 0.3). CONCLUSIONS: The multivariate approach substantially increased the diagnostic validity compared with single procedures. This was probably because the diagnostic procedures under investigation tested different aspects of visual function.

title: A multivariate sensory model in XXXX diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve defects']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the feasibility of high-speed gait training with an exoskeleton robot @entity4218 ( @entity4218 ) in @entity1 with @entity64 , and to examine the efficacy of eight sessions (8 weeks) of gait training with a @entity4218 compared with conventional physical therapy. Eighteen @entity1 with @entity64 were included in this study (nine each in the @entity4218 and control groups). The @entity4218 group underwent high-speed gait training with the @entity4218 once a week for 8 weeks (20   min/session). The control group underwent conventional physical therapy for gait disturbance. Outcome measures were walking speed, number of steps, and cadence during a 10   m walking test, a timed up and go test, a functional reach test, and the Berg Balance Scale. Assessments were performed in the absence of the @entity4218 before training and after the fourth and eighth training sessions. All @entity1 in the @entity4218 group completed the high-speed gait training without adverse events. The @entity4218 group improved significantly in walking speed (55.9% increase, P<0.001), number of steps (17.6% decrease, P<0.01), and cadence (32.8% increase, P<0.001) during the 10   m walking test. The @entity1 also exhibited significant improvements in the timed up and go test, the functional reach test, and the Berg Balance Scale after @entity4218 training (P<0.01 in all). No statistical time-dependent changes were observed in any parameter in the control group. For @entity64 @entity1 , high-speed gait training with a @entity4218 appears to be feasible and effective in improving gait and @entity409 despite the limitations of this nonrandomized pilot study.

title: Feasibility and efficacy of high-speed gait training with a voluntary driven exoskeleton robot for gait and @entity409 in XXXX with @entity64 : nonrandomized pilot study with concurrent control.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic stroke']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['hybrid assistive limb', 'HAL']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['balance dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of temporary prophylactic intravascular balloon occlusion of the common iliac arteries (CIA) before planned cesarean hysterectomy for controlling operative @entity190 in abnormal placentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 13 pregnant @entity1 at risk for @entity8052 identified using sequential obstetric ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging from January 2007 to December 2009 was performed. Temporary prophylactic intravascular balloon catheterization of the bilateral CIA before cesarean hysterectomy was performed by interventional radiologists. The maximum duration of occlusion time of CIA must not exceed 60 minutes. The primary outcome for this study included estimated @entity190 and secondary outcomes included the development of @entity1031 , disseminated @entity5642 and surgical complications. RESULTS: Among these13 @entity1 , the mean age of the @entity1 was 32.8      0.7 years (range 29-37 years). The mean gestational age at cesarean hysterectomy was 32.2      0.9 weeks (range 28-36 weeks), and the mean intraoperative @entity190 was 1902.3      578.8  mL (range 500-8000  mL). @entity548 was controlled by conservative treatment without additional surgery in two cases. Importantly, two @entity1 (15.8%) had severe complications possibly related to the interventional procedure. One @entity1 was noted to have a popliteal artery @entity715 . A second @entity1 had an @entity715 with 80-90% occlusion. Both patients required antithrombotic treatment without sequelae. CONCLUSION: With limited experience in this small series, we observed a statistically significant reduction in operative @entity190 after the use of temporary prophylactic balloon occlusion of the CIA technique compared with historical controls of similar demographic characteristics previously published (1902.3      578.8  mL, range 500-8000  mL vs. 4445.7      996.48  mL, range 1040-15,000  mL, p  =  0.0402). Additionally, two @entity1 had arterial @entity715 . These preliminary findings are based on a small number of @entity1 , and therefore further investigation is needed to determine the effectiveness and safety of this new technique.

title: Temporary prophylactic intravascular balloon occlusion of the common iliac arteries before cesarean hysterectomy for controlling operative XXXX in abnormal placentation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Operative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity8052 :: ('MESH:D010921', 'Disease') :: ['placenta accreta']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'external iliac artery thrombosis']

answer: @entity190 :: (MESH:D006473,Disease) :: ['blood loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Quartz stone grinders are one such group of workers who are exposed to @entity3440 and thereby at risk of developing @entity5636 . However due to increased campaigning against @entity5636 the scenario has changed. OBJECTIVES: To compare the respiratory morbidities among the present quartz stone workers and the ex-quartz stone workers who have left the job. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included, 134 ex-workers and 182 current workers of quartz grinding units. All these subjects were subjected to chest radiography and pulmonary function tests. RESULTS: For 134 ex-workers, the mean age was 31.77    9.99 years and the mean duration of exposure was found to be 2.74    1.65 years while for the present workers, the mean age was 26.74   7.12 years while the mean duration of exposure was 1.36    2.68 years. The study revealed @entity5636 in 24 (17.9%), radiological suspected @entity378 in 17 (12.7%) and silico- @entity378 in 33 (24.7%) ex-workers while in present workers, radiological suspected @entity378 in 10 (5.5%) subjects and @entity5636 grade 1/1 in one subject were found. Among the ex-workers, 14 (10.4%) had a combined type of @entity73 while 8 (6.0%) and 28 (20.9%) were having restrictive and obstructive type of @entity358 , respectively. Among the present workers, pulmonary function testing revealed the combined @entity73 in 1 (0.5%), restrictive type in 13 (7.1%), and obstructive @entity73 in 17 (9.2%) subjects. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of @entity1576 in ex-workers as compared to current workers can be attributed to the out-of-the-job healthy workers' effect.

title: Comparison of XXXX between present and ex-workers of quartz crushing units: Healthy workers' effect.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['type of functional impairment', 'pulmonary function impairment']

entities_list: @entity5636 :: ('MESH:D012829', 'Disease') :: ['silicosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary impairments']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory morbidity']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory morbidity']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT The prognosis of elderly @entity1 with @entity463 ( @entity463 ) is universally poor. Currently, few studies have examined postoperative outcomes and the effects of various modern therapies such as bevacizumab on survival in this @entity1 population. In this study, the authors evaluated the effects of various factors on overall survival in a cohort of elderly @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity463 . METHODS A retrospective review was performed of elderly @entity1 (>=  65 years old) with newly diagnosed @entity463 treated between 2004 and 2010. Various characteristics were evaluated in univariate and multivariate stepwise models to examine their effects on complication risk and overall survival. RESULTS A total of 120 @entity1 were included in the study. The median age was 71 years, and sex was distributed evenly. @entity1 had a median Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score of 80 and a median of 2 neurological symptoms on presentation. The majority (53.3%) of the @entity1 did not have any comorbidities. @entity5 most frequently (43.3%) involved the temporal lobe, followed by the parietal (35.8%), frontal (32.5%), and occipital (15.8%) regions. The majority (57.5%) of the @entity5 involved eloquent structures. The median @entity5 size was 4.3 cm. Every @entity1 underwent resection, and 63.3% underwent gross-total resection (GTR). The vast majority (97.3%) of the @entity1 received the postoperative standard of care consisting of radiotherapy with concurrent @entity2903 . The majority (59.3%) of @entity1 received additional agents, most commonly consisting of bevacizumab (38.9%). The median survival for all @entity1 was 12.0 months; 26.7% of @entity1 experienced long-term (>=  2-year) survival. The extent of resection was seen to significantly affect overall survival; @entity1 who underwent GTR had a median survival of 14.1 months, whereas those who underwent subtotal resection had a survival of 9.6 months (p = 0.038). Examination of chemotherapeutic effects revealed that the use of bevacizumab compared with no bevacizumab (20.1 vs 7.9 months, respectively; p < 0.0001) and @entity2600 compared with no @entity2600 (18.0 vs 9.7 months, respectively; p = 0.027) significantly improved survival. Multivariate stepwise analysis revealed that older age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.06 [95% CI1.02-1.10]; p = 0.0077), a higher KPS score (HR 0.97 [95% CI 0.95-0.99]; p = 0.0082), and the use of bevacizumab (HR 0.51 [95% CI 0.31-0.83]; p = 0.0067) to be significantly associated with survival. CONCLUSION This study has demonstrated that GTR confers a modest survival benefit on elderly @entity1 with @entity463 , suggesting that safe maximal resection is warranted. In addition, bevacizumab significantly increased the overall survival of these elderly @entity1 with @entity463 ; older age and preoperative KPS score also were significant prognostic factors. Although elderly @entity1 with @entity463 have a poor prognosis, they may experience enhanced survival after the administration of the standard of care and the use of additional chemotherapeutics such as bevacizumab.

title: XXXX in the elderly: the effect of aggressive and modern therapies on survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['Glioblastoma']


abstract: AIMS: To assess the significance of combined neurophysiological and neurourological examinations for diagnosis of @entity250 . METHODS: This is a prospective study of 32 spinal cord injured @entity1 . Each underwent clinical and neurophysiological examinations (sympathetic skin responses (SSR), pudendal somato-sensory evoked potentials (P-SSEP), bulbocavernosus reflex (BCR)) and neuro-urological measurements (urodynamic examination (UE), @entity15881 ( @entity15881 ), @entity15881 ( @entity15881 ) and nocturnal penile tumescence recordings (NPTR)). RESULTS: @entity323 due to impairment of @entity15881 was associated with loss of BCR and @entity4894 (P > 0.001), whereas that due to impairment of @entity15881 was associated with loss of perineal SSR (P < 0.001). P-SSEP corresponded in 94% with impairment of penile sensibility and duration of erections in NPTR. The NPTRs were less related to functional @entity458 . NPTRs in complete and incomplete suprasacral (level > T10) spinal lesion showed sufficient erections despite strongly disturbed @entity15881 . NPTRs in lumbosacral lesion revealed significant reduction in or absent erections and underestimated the presence of well excitable @entity15881 . CONCLUSIONS: Combined neurophysiologic and neurourologic testing provides highly relevant diagnostic informations about @entity250 in @entity1 with @entity1566 . Loss of the BCR and @entity4894 imply loss of somatic and parasympathetic reflex activity and correlate with loss of @entity15881 . Loss of @entity15881 correlates with loss of perineal SSR (sympathetic denervation).

title: Clinical value of combined electrophysiological and urodynamic recordings to assess XXXX in spinal cord injured @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity15881 :: ('MESH:D020923', 'Disease') :: ['reflex erections', 'RE', 'psychogenic erections', 'PE']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['Erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4894 :: ('MESH:D019846', 'Disease') :: ['detrusor areflexia']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual impairment']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction', 'neurogenic male sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity250 :: (MESH:D012735,Disease) :: ['sexual disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity20293 ( @entity20293 ) is a common complication after amputation, affecting up to 80% of the amputee population. However, only 5% to 10% of amputees have severe @entity20293 impacting daily function. The present report details the management of severe, treatment-resistant @entity20293 in a 72-year-old @entity1 with a traumatic left transradial amputation and a comorbid complication of @entity2736 ( @entity2736 ). OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of @entity20293 with @entity2736 and the possible role of @entity175 in the treatment of both conditions. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature regarding the management of @entity20293 . RESULTS: Seventeen articles that directly addressed @entity20293 were identified; 11 were randomized controlled trials. All involved small samples and follow-up ranged from 6 h to one year, with the majority limited to six weeks. DISCUSSION: In the present case, medication management was limited by side effects, lack of response and the @entity1 's desire to avoid long-term medication. Investigations revealed @entity2736 , which was suspected to envelop the median nerve in the proximal forearm. After several unsuccessful medication trials, the literature was reviewed in search of common variables between @entity2736 formation and persistent @entity20293 . Ultimately, the biochemical effects associated with @entity128 were identified to be a possible factor in both @entity2736 and @entity20293 development. @entity175 's proposed mechanisms of action may help to manage @entity2736 and @entity20293 at multiple stages of disease development and maintenance. In the present case, a four-week trial of intranasal @entity175 was successful, with @entity158 control lasting at least 18 months. CONCLUSION: The present case report provided a review of the current literature in @entity20293 pharmacological management and the current understanding of the etiology of @entity20293 and @entity2736 , as well as how the two may coexist. It also provided an opportunity to discuss the proposed mechanisms of action of @entity175 in the management of @entity20293 and @entity2736 .

title: Use of @entity175 in recalcitrant phantom limb @entity158 complicated by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcitonin', 'calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity2736 :: ('MESH:D009999', 'Disease') :: ['HO', 'heterotopic ossification']

entities_list: @entity20293 :: ('MESH:D010591', 'Disease') :: ['Phantom limb pain', 'PLP']

answer: @entity2736 :: (MESH:D009999,Disease) :: ['heterotopic ossification']


abstract: Early screening for @entity458 has been suggested to improve @entity1 management for individuals experiencing @entity1643 . This study compared 2 approaches to psychological screening (ie, multidimensional and unidimensional) so that preliminary recommendations on which approach may be appropriate for use in clinical settings other than primary care could be provided. Specifically, this study investigated aspects of the STarT Back Screening Tool (SBT): 1) discriminant validity by evaluating its relationship with unidimensional psychological measures and 2) construct validity by evaluating how SBT risk categories compared to empirically derived subgroups using unidimensional psychological and disability measures. @entity1 (N  =  146) receiving physical therapy for @entity5752 were administered the SBT and a battery of unidimensional psychological measures at initial evaluation. Clinical measures consisted of @entity158 intensity and self-reported disability. Several SBT risk-dependent relationships (ie, SBT low  <  medium  <  high risk) were identified for unidimensional psychological measure scores, with depressive symptom scores associated with the strongest influence on SBT risk categorization. Empirically derived subgroups indicated that there was no evidence of distinctive patterns among @entity717 measures other than high or low profiles; therefore, 2 groups may provide a clearer representation of the level of @entity158 , maladaptive coping, and disability in this setting compared with 3 groups as suggested when using the SBT in primary care settings. PERSPECTIVE: This study suggests that the SBT can replace administering several unidimensional psychological measures as a first-line screening measure for @entity458 . However, clinicians need to be aware of the potential for misclassification with SBT results when compared to unidimensional measures. This study also suggests that a modified SBT risk stratification scheme based on empirically derived subgroups could potentially assist in identifying elevated levels of @entity158 , maladaptive coping, and disability in practice settings outside of primary care. @entity1 identified with elevated levels of @entity158 and maladaptive coping may be indicated for additional assessment using construct-specific questionnaires.

title: Subgrouping for XXXX With @entity1643 : A Multidimensional Approach Incorporating Cluster Analysis and the STarT Back Screening Tool.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain-associated distress', 'pain-associated psychological distress', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['psychological or disability']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: B-type natriuretic peptides (BNPs) are secreted by the @entity1 heart in response to ventricular wall stretch or @entity296 , and predict adverse cardiovascular events and @entity204 in the general population. Following non-cardiac surgical procedures, there is growing evidence supporting @entity3876 measurement as a powerful independent predictor of @entity204 and perioperative complications. However, the clinical implication of elevated @entity3876 measurements after pulmonary resection has not been completely defined. This study aimed to evaluate the role of @entity3876 in predicting adverse cardiopulmonary events after thoracic surgery. METHODS: A prospective, short-term, observational cohort study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital, including consecutive @entity1 undergoing scheduled pulmonary resection between April 2012 and October 2013. Baseline clinical details were obtained; serum @entity3876 levels were measured at baseline and on postoperative days 1 and 4. RESULTS: We enrolled 294 consecutive @entity1 , median age 66 [interquartile range (IQR): 57-73], 67% male. There were 2 perioperative @entity204 , and 52 @entity1 experienced one or more @entity532 . The baseline median @entity3876 value was normal (29.5 pg/ml, IQR: 16-57.2), and showed significant postoperative increase, peaking on day 1. @entity1 who developed @entity260 had a significantly greater @entity3876 increase (P < 0.0001) when compared with those without complications. A postoperative day 1 @entity3876 measurement of >= 118.5 [receiver operating characteristic area: 0.654; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57-0.74; P = 0.001] was associated with a 3-fold risk of developing @entity260 [odds ratio (OR): 2.94; 95% CI: 1.32-6.57; P = 0.008]. Logistic regression analysis showed major pulmonary resections (lobectomies or pneumonectomies), @entity3876 >=  118.5 and age >=  65 to be the only independent predictive variables. In the subset of @entity1 undergoing lobectomy or pneumonectomy (n = 226), @entity3876 was the strongest independent predictor of complications (OR: 3.49; 95% CI: 1.51-8.04). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that @entity3876 elevation, measured in the first days after thoracic surgery, is independently associated with postoperative adverse events. In @entity1 undergoing major pulmonary resections, a postoperative @entity3876 elevation is the strongest independent predictor of @entity532 .

title: B-type natriuretic peptide following thoracic surgery: a predictor of XXXX   .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative cardiopulmonary complications', 'postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['postoperative cardiopulmonary complications']


abstract: @entity295 describes the life-threatening @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ) of an organism to an @entity281 and is the leading cause of mortality on @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) worldwide. An acute episode of @entity295 is characterized by the extensive release of cytokines and other mediators resulting in a dysregulated immune response leading to organ damage and/or @entity204 . This initial pro-inflammatory burst often transits into a state of immune suppression characterised by loss of immune cells and T-cell dysfunction at later disease stages in @entity295 survivors. However, despite these appreciations, the precise nature of the evoked defect in T-cell immunity in post-acute phases of @entity1850 remains unknown. Here we present an in-depth functional analysis of T-cell function in post-acute @entity1850 / @entity295 . We document that T-cell function is not compromised on a per cell basis in experimental rodent models of @entity1850 ( @entity558 or CpG) or @entity298 . Transgenic antigen-specific T-cells feature an unaltered cytokine response if challenged in vivo and ex vivo with cognate antigens. Isolated CD4+/CD8+ T-cells from post-acute septic animals do not exhibit defects in T-cell receptor-mediated activation at the the level of receptor-proximal signalling, activation marker upregulation or expansion. However, @entity1850 / @entity295 induced transient @entity2905 and gave rise to an environment of immune attenuation at post @entity697 stages. Thus, systemic @entity32 has an acute impact on T-cell numbers and adaptive immunity, but does not cause major cell-autonomous enduring functional defects in T-cells.

title: Immunosuppression after @entity295 : systemic @entity32 and XXXX induce a loss of na  ve T-cells but no enduring cell-autonomous defects in T-cell function.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Sepsis']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute disease']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['intensive care units', 'ICU']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['SIRS', 'systemic inflammatory response', 'infection-free SIRS']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['septic peritonitis']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine if the incidence of recall was equivalent between light and deep sedation for colonoscopy. Secondary analysis included complications, @entity1 clinical recovery, and post-procedure @entity73 . METHODS: Two hundred @entity1 undergoing elective outpatient colonoscopy were randomized to light (bispectral index [BIS] 70-80) or deep (BIS < 60) sedation with @entity1875 and @entity3575 . Recall was assessed by the modified Brice questionnaire, and cognition at baseline and discharge was assessed using a Cogstate test battery. RESULTS: The median (interquartile range [IQR]) BIS values were different in the two groups (69 [65-74] light sedation vs 53 [46-59] deep sedation; P < 0.0001). The incidence of recall was 12% in the light sedation group and 1% in the deep sedation group. The risk difference for recall was 0.11 (90% confidence interval, 0.05 to 0.17) in the intention-to-treat analysis, thus refuting equivalence in recall between light and deep sedation (0.05 significance level; 10% equivalence margin). Overall sedation-related complications were more frequent with deep sedation than with light sedation (66% vs 47%, respectively; P = 0.008). Recovery was more rapid with light sedation than with deep sedation as determined by the mean (SD) time to reach a score of 5 on the Modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale [3 (4) min vs 7 (4) min, respectively; P < 0.001] and by the median [IQR] time to readiness for hospital discharge (65 [57-80] min vs 74 [63-86] min, respectively; P = 0.001). The incidence of post-procedural @entity73 was similar in those randomized to light (19%) vs deep (16%) sedation (P = 0.554). CONCLUSION: Light sedation was not equivalent to deep sedation for procedural recall, the spectrum of complications, or recovery times. This study provides evidence to inform discussions with @entity1 about sedation for colonoscopy. This trial was registered at the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, number 12611000320954.

title: A randomized controlled trial of light versus deep XXXX sedation for elective outpatient colonoscopy: recall, procedural conditions, and recovery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: The @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ) is a well-recognized phenomenon attending cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery. @entity1850 leads to costly complications and several strategies intended to ameliorate the symptoms have been studied, including leukocyte reduction using filtration. Although the body of work suggests that leukoreduction attenuates @entity1850 , discrepancies remain within the literature. The recent literature is reviewed, highlighting the areas where concordance is lacking. Investigations into many promising device-related technologies are often deterred by the high costs of clinical trials. Adding to costs is the fact that clinical end points generally require large sample sizes. An understanding, however, of the pathogenesis of @entity5721 can guide the investigator to choose physiologic response measures that correlate well with clinical outcome, but feature low inherent variability, allowing for clinical trials with smaller sample sizes. With this goal in mind, a model for the pathogenesis of @entity5721 is described. Using a model of @entity5721 as underpinnings for the design of prospective pilot studies, we show that salvaged blood reinfused following CPB elicits time-dependent effects on pulmonary function as predicted by the model. Data are illustrative of principles that could expand the scope of clinical investigations designed to validate the use of physiologic response measures as correlates of clinical outcome. Such investigations would target surrogate markers of clinical outcome, measured at clinically relevant times. Once validated, these surrogate markers would, thereafter, become economical screening tools for clinical studies of device-related or pharmacological anti- inflammatory interventions.

title: A review of leukofiltration in cardiac surgery: the time course of XXXX may facilitate study design of anti-inflammatory effects.

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome', 'SIRS']

answer: @entity5721 :: (MESH:D015427,Disease) :: ['reperfusion injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the timing and suitable method of reconstructing @entity546 caused by devastating electrical burn. METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 with @entity546 after devastating electrical burn, hospitalized from September 1998 to August 2013, were included in this study. After the @entity39 tissues in the wounds were removed by dressing changes, a local or a hinge-like flap constructed from scrotum or abdominal wall, a prelaminated hinge-like flap from forearm, or a free forearm flap was selected, according to the injury degree of the penis, for the repair of the defect or reconstruction of penis respectively. RESULTS: The flaps survived and the wounds healed well in 2 @entity1 repaired with local flaps from scrotum or abdominal wall. @entity6369 occurred in 2 @entity1 6 to 9 months after the transplantation of hinge-like flaps from scrotum, and they were cured by appropriate drugs. Functions of urination and erection of penis were recovered in these 4 @entity1 . All flaps survived in the 5 @entity1 repaired with hinge-like flaps from abdominal wall or prelaminated flaps from forearm. The wounds in 2 @entity1 healed; wound @entity6783 occurred in the other 3 @entity1 in different degrees, and they healed after suturing for 2 or 3 times. The function of erection of penis recovered in these 5 @entity1 , but with discontinuity of urinary stream during urination. Among them, 3 married @entity1 enjoyed satisfactory sexual life. All free forearm flaps survived and the wounds healed well in 4 @entity1 . @entity9132 occurred in 1 @entity1 , and it was repaired by a secondary operation. These 4 @entity1 experienced normal urination function, but only 2 @entity1 in whom corpus spongiosum partially remained retained the function of erection of penis to certain degree. All these 4 @entity1 could not perform normal sexual intercourse. All @entity1 were followed up for 6 to 13 months after surgery. Under ordinary state, the length of penis was 5.9-9.3 cm, and the circumference of penis was 8.4-10.0 cm. Wound scar was not obvious in all cases. Nine @entity1 reported a restricted erection. CONCLUSIONS: @entity546 caused by devastating electrical burn should be repaired with a suitable flap after @entity39 tissues are removed with dressing change. To repair affected penis with @entity39 of a small part of cavernous body and/or corpus spongiosum, or combined with urethra defects, local flaps from scrotum or abdominal wall or hinge-like flap from scrotum should be employed. To repair those with @entity39 of a large part or the whole of corpus spongiosum combined with urethra defects, hinge-like skin flaps from abdominal wall or prelaminated flaps from forearm should be employed. In @entity1 with @entity39 of a large part of cavernous body and corpus spongiosum combined with urethra defect, or total loss of penis, free forearm flaps should be employed to reconstruct penis.

title: [Opportune time and method of reconstruction of XXXX caused by devastating electrical burn.]

entities_list: @entity6369 :: ('MESH:D014526', 'Disease') :: ['Urethritis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity6783 :: ('MESH:D013529', 'Disease') :: ['dehiscence']

entities_list: @entity9132 :: ('MESH:D014548', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary fistula']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile defects', 'Penile defect']

answer: @entity546 :: (MESH:D004414,Disease) :: ['penile defects']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Early @entity1545 is proposed to be the primary cause of the poor outcome after @entity510 ( @entity510 ), which is closely related to the neural apoptosis. To date, the relationship between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor b/   ( @entity12578 /  ) and nuclear factor-kB/matrix metalloproteinase-9 ( @entity4026 / @entity6929 ) pathway, both of which are closely related to apoptotic effects, has been poorly studied in @entity510 . The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of @entity12578 /   on early @entity1545 and @entity4026 / @entity6929 pathway after @entity510 in @entity35 . METHODS: @entity510 model was established by injecting nonheparinized autologous arterial blood into the prechiasmatic cistern in male @entity35 . Adenoviruses or small interfering RNAs were injected into the right lateral cerebral ventricle to, respectively, up- or downregulate @entity12578 /   expression before @entity510 . All animals were assessed with a neurological score and then killed at 24 hours after @entity510 surgery. The indexes of brain water content, blood-brain barrier permeability, and apoptosis were used to detect @entity1545 . The expression of @entity12578 /  , @entity4026 , and @entity6929 were measured by immunohistochemistry, gelatin zymography, and Western Blot methods, respectively. In addition, @entity26221 , a specific agonist of @entity12578 /  , was used to treat @entity510 in @entity35 , the effects of which were evaluated by neurological scoring and Evans blue extravasation. RESULTS: Overexpression of @entity12578 /   by adenoviruses treatment significantly ameliorated @entity1545 with improvement in @entity51 , @entity2657 , @entity75 , and neural cell apoptosis at 24 hours after @entity510 in @entity35 , whereas downregulation of @entity12578 /   by small interfering RNAs administration resulted in the reverse effects of the above. The expression levels of @entity4026 and @entity6929 were markedly downregulated when @entity12578 /   increased after @entity12578 /   adenovirus transfection and upregulated when @entity12578 /   decreased by @entity12578 /   small interfering RNAs treatment. Moreover, @entity26221 improved @entity51 and reduced Evans blue extravasation at 24 hours after @entity510 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity12578 /  's overexpression may attenuate early @entity1545 after @entity35 ' @entity510 administration, which reduces neural apoptosis possibly through blocking @entity4026 / @entity6929 pathway.

title: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor b/   Alleviates Early @entity1545 After @entity510 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['SAH', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['blood-brain barrier impairment']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: Isolated @entity4816 (IRV) is a form of @entity4816 without other @entity32 or systemic @entity1333 . Treatment of IRV is a difficult problem. We report the results of treatment of 43 IRV @entity1 (25 @entity1 and 18 @entity1 , mean age 32.5 +/- 5.5 years with a range of 22-42 years). The main therapy for IRV were corticosteroids. They were used by pulse therapy, orally and locally (periocular injections). Improvement of visual acuity was more pronounced in @entity1 treated by pulse therapy (0.35 +/- 0.15) than in those treated orally (0.16 +/- 0.06, p = 0.0132) and parabulbarly (0.06 +/- 0.12, p = 0.0009). Resorption of retinal perivascular exudate was sooner achieved by @entity134 pulse therapy than by oral treatment (8.1 +/- 2.2 days vs. 17.9 +/- 2.8 days, p < 0.0000) or periocular injection of @entity230 (30.9 +/- 7.1 days, p < 0.0000). @entity617 (10-20 mg) was prescribed for 4-12 months in order to prevent IRV recurrences. @entity134 -resistant @entity1 were treated with @entity205 (5 mg/kg). The treatment was supplemented by fibrinolytics, angioprotectors, and antioxidants.

title: [Conservative therapy of isolated XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['types of eye inflammation']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity4816 :: ('MESH:D031300', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vasculitis']

answer: @entity4816 :: (MESH:D031300,Disease) :: ['retinal vasculitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Because the rate of @entity604 is an important risk factor for @entity174 , we studied longitudinal changes in @entity79 ( @entity79 ). Although the @entity79 of the hip decreased over time, spine @entity79 remained largely stable or increased. Therefore, spine @entity79 may not be appropriate for assessing @entity79 change. INTRODUCTION: The rate of age-dependent @entity604 has been shown to be an important risk factor for @entity174 . However, longitudinal rates of @entity604 in Korea have not yet been reported. The objective of this study was to evaluate longitudinal changes in @entity79 in Korea. METHODS: This cohort study was performed in a population of individuals 40  years of age or older living in the rural area of Chungju City, Korea. A second @entity79 examination was conducted approximately 4  years after a baseline examination. A total of 3755 of the 6007 subjects completed the follow-up visit, corresponding to a follow-up rate of 62.51%. RESULTS: The age-standardized @entity170 prevalence was 12.81% in males and 44.35% in females. In males, the average annual @entity604 at the total hip increased from -0.25% per year in their 40s to -1.12% per year in their 80s. In females, the average annual @entity604 at the total hip increased from -0.69% per year in their 40s to -1.51% per year in their 80s. However, the average annual percentage change in spine @entity79 in females increased from -0.91% per year in their 40s to +1.39% per year in their 80s. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial number of subjects had @entity170 , even though we standardized the prevalence of @entity170 . In total hip, the mean @entity79 was decreased during the follow-up period; in addition, the annual percentage loss increased with age. However, spine @entity79 remained approximately stable or increased over time and therefore may not be appropriate for assessing @entity79 change.

title: The prevalence of @entity170 and the rate of XXXX in Korean adults: the Chungju metabolic disease cohort (CMC) study.

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['BMD loss', 'bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity604 :: (MESH:D016301,Disease) :: ['bone loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: - @entity6817 substantially reduce cardiovascular mortality and appear to have beneficial effects independent of their lipid lowering properties. We evaluated the hypothesis that statin use may modulate the secretion of @entity1369 , a well-known contributor to @entity65 . METHODS AND RESULTS: -We measured adrenal hormones in two intervention studies. In study 1 in @entity101 subjects, @entity1369 was analyzed at baseline and after @entity2178 stimulation (AngII) on both high (HS) and low @entity1372 (LS) diets (1122 observations, 15% on @entity6817 > 3 months). Statin users had 33% lower @entity1369 levels in adjusted models (p < 0.001). @entity701 was not modified by @entity6817 . In secondary analyses, the lowest @entity1369 levels were seen with lipophilic @entity6817 and with higher doses. Statin users had lower blood pressure (BP) and reduced salt sensitivity of BP (p=0.001). In study 2, @entity1369 was measured in @entity6 @entity1 on a HS diet, before and after AngII stimulation (143 observations, 79% @entity6817 users). Again, statin users had 26% lower @entity1369 levels (p =0.006), particularly those using lipophilic @entity6817 . Ex vivo studies in @entity35 adrenal glomerulosa cells confirmed that lipophilic @entity6817 acutely inhibited @entity1369 , but not @entity2819 , in response to different secretagogues. CONCLUSIONS: -Statin use among @entity101 and @entity6 subjects was associated with lower @entity1369 secretion in response to AngII and LS diet in two @entity1 intervention studies. This effect appeared to be most pronounced with lipophilic @entity6817 and higher doses. Future studies to evaluate whether @entity1369 inhibition may partially explain the robust cardioprotective effects of @entity6817 are warranted.

title: Statin Use and Adrenal @entity1369 Production in @entity101 and XXXX Subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6817 :: ('D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['statin', 'Statins', 'statins']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3852 is an aggressive cutaneous @entity5 with a high propensity for nodal metastases. Regional lymph @entity1817 involvement develops in 45 to 65 p. 100 of @entity1 . We evaluated in @entity3852 the use of sentinel lymph @entity1817 biopsy which allows the identification of occult nodal metastases. @entity1 AND METHODS: Eleven @entity1 diagnosed with @entity3852 without clinical nodal involvement underwent pre-operative lymphoscintigraphy followed by sentinel lymphadenectomy with histologic analysis. Identification of microscopic nodal metastases led to complete lymph @entity1817 dissection and adjuvant radiation therapy to the lymph @entity1817 basin. RESULTS: The sentinel lymph @entity1817 was successfully identified in 9 @entity1 . Two @entity1 demonstrated @entity3 in their sentinel lymph nodes. At subsequent complete @entity1817 dissection, one of two @entity1 had an additional metastatic lymph @entity1817 . None of the eleven @entity1 experienced recurrent disease at a follow-up varying from 1 to 42 months. One @entity1 with a negative sentinel lymph @entity1817 experienced lymphoedema. COMMENTS: Our results are consistent with the 14 published studies which totalled 93 @entity1 with @entity3852 and identified 29 @entity1 (30 p. 100) with nodal involvement. @entity3 was identified only after immunohistochemical analysis in 20 p. 100 of these @entity1 (n=6). Lymph @entity1817 involvement appears to be a bad prognostic factor with 29.6 p. 100 of disease recurrence, as opposed to 3 p. 100 in @entity1 with an uninvolved sentinel lymph @entity1817 . Although the prognostic significance of this technique seems interesting, there is no optimal therapeutic approach to sentinel lymph @entity1817 involvement.

title: [Significance of sentinel lymph @entity1817 XXXX . Analysis of 11 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3852 :: ('MESH:D015266', 'Disease') :: ['Merkel cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastatic disease', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity3852 :: (MESH:D015266,Disease) :: ['biopsy in Merkel cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The need for thyroid screening of @entity1 presenting with @entity4697 ( @entity4697 ), @entity913 ( @entity913 ) or @entity148 ( @entity148 ) remains uncertain. METHODS: We examined thyroid histories and serum testing in 169 @entity1 , 92 with @entity4697 , 48 with @entity913 , and 29 with @entity148 . Combined prevalence rates of @entity1378 and @entity1375 were compared with expected rates (2.7%) derived from the population based Whickham Survey. Data from previously published studies were also compared with these expected rates. RESULTS: In our sample, only 2/169 @entity1 had @entity1374 detected by serum testing, but 5/169 [1/92 (1%) with @entity4697 , 1/48 (2%) with @entity913 , and 3/29 (10%) with @entity148 ], all currently euthyroid, reported a history of @entity1374 . The rates were statistically significant only for @entity148 (10.4%; z = 2.56, p = 0.01). However, combining prior @entity4697 studies that examined both thyroid history and test results with our data also suggests significantly elevated rates of @entity1374 (6.5%; z = 4.69, p < 0.0001). LIMITATIONS: As with previous data, the 95% confidence interval for our findings is broad, reflecting the instability of low rates of illness in relatively small samples. Further, methods for obtaining thyroid histories and tests were not uniform. CONCLUSIONS: Despite relatively low yields on serum testing, lifetime prevalence of @entity1374 does appear elevated for @entity148 and @entity4697 , with minimal data addressing this issue for @entity913 . The data support the need to query @entity148 and @entity4697 @entity1 regarding thyroid history and perform serum testing in those without prior testing.

title: XXXX and @entity1378 in @entity148 revisited: new data and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'panic disorder']

entities_list: @entity913 :: ('MESH:D010698', 'Disease') :: ['social phobia', 'SP']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['GAD', 'generalized anxiety disorder']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease', 'thyroid dysfunction']

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['Hypothyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postanesthetic shivering develops in as many as one half of @entity1 recovering from @entity5161 anesthesia. Cholinergic stimulation of the @entity2339 and adrenal medulla by @entity2607 enhances secretion of @entity5463 , @entity1425 , and @entity1063 . Because the hypothalamus is the dominant thermoregulatory controller in mammals, and these neurotransmitters may be involved in body temperature control, @entity2607 administration may influence the incidence of shivering. Accordingly, the authors tested the hypothesis that @entity2607 administration inhibits postanesthetic shivering. Its efficacy was compared with that of saline (negative control) and @entity6882 and @entity1338 (positive controls). METHODS: Sixty @entity1 having surgery of the ear or nose were tested. General anesthesia was induced with 2 mg/kg @entity1875 , 0.1 mg/kg @entity3369 , and 1.5 microg/kg @entity3575 and maintained with @entity5161 (1.5 +/- 0.4%) in 70% @entity3810 . At the end of surgery, the @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive an intravenous bolus of 0.04 mg/kg @entity2607 , isotonic saline, 0.5 mg/kg @entity6882 , or 1.5 microg/kg @entity1338 . Heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, @entity26 saturation, visual analog @entity158 score, temperature, and postanesthetic shivering were measured during recovery. RESULTS: Postanesthetic shivering occurred in 6 of 15 (40%) @entity1 given saline. In contrast, postanesthetic shivering was significantly reduced in @entity2607 -treated @entity1 (1 of 15, or 7%) and was absent in @entity1 given @entity1338 or @entity6882 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2607 inhibited shivering as well as did two established treatments, @entity6882 and @entity1338 . These data suggest that cholinergic systems contribute to the genesis and control of postanesthetic shivering.

title: XXXX prevents postanesthetic shivering as does @entity6882 or @entity1338 .

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity3369 :: ('MESH:D014673', 'Chemical') :: ['vecuronium']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['meperidine']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity2607 :: ('MESH:D010830', 'Chemical') :: ['physostigmine', 'Physostigmine']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity2607 :: (MESH:D010830,Chemical) :: ['Physostigmine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: One of the most challenging problems in clinical dermatology is the early detection of @entity320 . Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is an added tool to dermoscopy improving considerably diagnostic accuracy. However, diagnosis strongly depends on the experience of physicians. High-definition optical coherence tomography ( @entity2033 -OCT) appears to offer additional structural and cellular information on @entity75 complementary to that of RCM. However, the diagnostic potential of @entity2033 -OCT seems to be not high enough for ruling out the diagnosis of @entity320 if based on morphology analysis. The aim of this paper is first to quantify in vivo optical properties such as light attenuation in @entity75 by @entity2033 -OCT. The second objective is to determine the best critical value of these optical properties for @entity320 diagnosis. The technique of semi-log plot whereby an exponential function becomes a straight line has been implemented on @entity2033 -OCT signals coming from four successive skin layers (epidermis, upper papillary dermis, deeper papillary dermis and superficial @entity2363 ). This permitted the @entity2033 -OCT in vivo measurement of skin entrance signal (SES), relative attenuation factor normalized for the skin entrance signal (   @entity10242 ) and half value layer (z 1/2). The diagnostic accuracy of @entity2033 -OCT for @entity320 detection based on the optical properties,    @entity10242 , SES and z 1/2 was high (95.6, 82.2 and 88.9  %, respectively). High negative predictive values could be found for these optical properties (96.7, 89.3 and 96.3  %, respectively) compared to morphologic assessment alone (89.9  %), reducing the risk of mistreating a malignant lesion to a more acceptable level (3.3  % instead of 11.1  %). @entity2033 -OCT seems to enable the combination of in vivo morphological analysis of cellular and 3-D micro-architectural structures with in vivo analysis of optical properties of tissue scatterers in @entity75 . In vivo @entity2033 -OCT analysis of optical properties permits @entity320 diagnosis with higher accuracy than in vivo @entity2033 -OCT analysis of morphology alone.

title: In vivo assessment of optical properties of melanocytic skin lesions and differentiation of XXXX from non-malignant lesions by high-definition optical coherence tomography.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['melanocytic lesions']

entities_list: @entity2363 :: ('MESH:C538361', 'Disease') :: ['reticular dermis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the visual outcome after surgery for persistent hyperplastic primary @entity15811 using modern vitreoretinal techniques. DESIGN: Retrospective medical record review during a 5-year period (June 1992 to June 1997). Information recorded for each @entity1 included age, medical history, sex, results of preoperative ocular examination, age at diagnosis, procedure performed, intraoperative and postoperative complications, location and number of sclerotomy sites, type of aphakic rehabilitation, amblyopic therapy given, final visual acuity, and length of follow-up. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity1 who underwent surgical management of combined anterior and posterior persistent hyperplastic primary @entity15811 were identified. Eleven @entity1 underwent aphakic rehabilitation and aggressive amblyopic therapy consisting of occlusive therapy for several waking hours each day. One additional older @entity1 received aphakic rehabilitation only. Ten eyes (71%) achieved a visual acuity of 20/300 or better, and 8 (57%) obtained a final visual acuity of 20/100 or better. Average length of follow-up was 22 months (range, 4-57 months). Nine @entity1 were fitted with an aphakic soft contact lens, 2 older @entity1 had a posterior chamber intraocular lens placed at the time of vitrectomy, and 1 @entity1 wore aphakic spectacles. CONCLUSIONS: With modern vitreoretinal techniques, aphakic rehabilitation, and aggressive amblyopic therapy, useful vision can be obtained in the majority of @entity1 with combined anterior and posterior persistent hyperplastic primary @entity15811 .

title: Visual outcomes following lensectomy and vitrectomy for combined anterior and posterior persistent hyperplastic primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity15811 :: (MESH:D014823,Disease) :: ['vitreous']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Describe objective and subjective physical activity levels and time spent being sedentary in adults with @entity161 or @entity914 (SZO/SA). METHOD: Baseline physical activity and sedentary behaviors were assessed among 46 overweight and @entity28 community-dwelling adults (aged 18-70 years; BMI > 27 kg/m(2)) diagnosed with SZO/SA by DSM-IV-TR, with mild symptom severity (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale score < 90) who were interested in losing weight and participated in the Weight Assessment and Intervention in @entity161 Treatment (WAIST) study from 2004 to 2008. Objective physical activity levels, measured using actigraphs, in WAIST were compared to a nationally representative sample of users (n = 46) and nonusers (n = 46) of @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2003-2004) matched by sex, BMI, and age. RESULTS: On average, adults with SZO/SA wore actigraphs more than 15 h/d for 7 days averaging 151,000 counts/d. The majority of monitoring time (81%) was classified as sedentary (approximately 13 h/d). Moderate/vigorous and light physical activity accounted for only 2% (19 min/d) and 17% (157 min/d) of monitoring time/d, respectively. Primary source of activity was household activities (409    438 min/wk). Fifty-three percent reported walking for transportation or leisure. Adults with SZO/SA were significantly less active (176 min/d) and more sedentary (756 min/d) than NHANES users of @entity1032 (293 and 640 min/d, respectively) and nonusers of @entity1032 (338 and 552 min/d, respectively) (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Overweight and @entity28 adults with SZO/SA were extremely sedentary; engaged in unstructured, intermittent, low-intensity physical activity; and significantly less active than NHANES users and nonusers of @entity1032 . This sedentary lifestyle is significantly lower than those of other inactive US populations, is costly for the individual and community, and highlights the need for physical activity promotion and interventions in this high risk population.

title: Physical activity and sedentary behavior measured objectively and subjectively in overweight and @entity28 adults with XXXX or @entity914 .

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['MHS', 'mental health service']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorders']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Islet primary nonfunction (PNF) is defined as the loss of islet function after transplantation for reasons other than graft rejection. It is a major obstacle to successful and efficient islet transplantation. @entity70543 /TR6 is a soluble death decoy receptor belonging to the @entity5 @entity39 factor (TNF) receptor family, and it can block apoptosis mediated by several TNF receptor family members such as Fas and @entity29956 . In this study, we used TR6 to protect islets from PNF after transplantation. Untreated isogeneic or allogeneic islet transplantation had PNF incidence of 25 and 26.5%, respectively. Administration of TR6 totally prevented PNF in allogeneic islet transplantation. In vitro experiments showed an increased apoptosis among islets that were treated with @entity9699 and @entity60 ( @entity60 ) in combination. TR6 significantly reduced such apoptosis. Functional study showed that insulin release was compromised after @entity9699 and @entity60 treatment, and the compromise could be prevented with TR6-Fc. This indicates that TR6 indeed protected beta-cells from damage caused by @entity9699 and @entity60 . Further in vivo experiments showed that syngeneic islet transplantation between lpr/lpr and gld/gld @entity19 was significantly more efficacious than that conducted between wild-type @entity19 . These results suggest that Fas-mediated apoptosis plays an important role in PNF, and use of TR6 may be a novel strategy to prevent PNF in clinical islet transplantation.

title: XXXX /TR6 effectively prevents islet primary nonfunction after transplantation.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity60 :: ('15978(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['gamma-interferon', 'IFN-gamma']

answer: @entity70543 :: (497118(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['DcR3']


abstract: @entity14761 is rare in pediatric @entity1 . The three main manifestations, defined by Klein et al. in 1970, were (a) predominant mucosal, (b) predominant muscular-layer, and (c) predominant @entity66 . The predominant subserosal type is the rarest of the three. We report on a 43-month-old @entity1 who, on admission, suffered from recurrent @entity490 , @entity391 and @entity294 for one week, with @entity843 and @entity1143 noted. The white blood cell (WBC) count of @entity843 fluid was 8,000/mm3, with a differential count of 99% eosinophils. The peripheral WBC count was 44,000/mm3, with 78% eosinophils. Three days after diagnosis, @entity843 , @entity1143 and other @entity344 were gradually relieved using @entity134 therapy, with the peripheral eosinophil count returning to normal. The @entity134 therapy was discontinued after two months with tapering dose. The @entity1 was in good health with no recurrence of symptoms in a follow-up conducted after one year.

title: @entity14761 in XXXX -report of one case.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['subserosal disease']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity14761 :: ('MESH:C535952', 'Disease') :: ['Eosinophilic gastroenteritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Unusual as well as well-known complications can occur after aortic reconstruction. In an effort to heighten awareness of these possibilities, a case is presented of a 71-year-old male who was brought to the emergency department with severe back @entity158 of 2 days duration and @entity551 . He had undergone repair of an @entity1028 6 years earlier. An emergency computed tomography scan demonstrated a 10-cm @entity1028 extending from just above the celiac axis, through the aortic bifurcation, with retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal @entity1410 . He was found at operation to have extension of his @entity439 proximally, with complete separation of the proximal suture line, and @entity397 of the distal aortic wall. Since the @entity439 had been closed around the graft at the time of the original operation, his @entity439 had essentially been restored, and the diseased wall was again exposed to the tensile stresses from the pulsatile column of blood. Emergency repair was successful, despite postoperative complications including @entity583 , and later @entity397 of an @entity1029 . @entity1 presenting with signs and symptoms consistent with a @entity1755 after previous repair should be addressed aggressively with computed tomography if it is immediately available and the diagnosis is in doubt. The @entity1 should then undergo an immediate operation. Such recurrence, although rare, must always be considered a possibility. Similar scenarios may be encountered secondary to endoleaks occurring after endoluminal aortic repairs.

title: @entity397 of an XXXX , previously repaired using an endoaneurysmorrhaphy technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal disease', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1029 :: ('MESH:D017543', 'Disease') :: ['iliac artery aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: With respect to the @entity5 there is no difference between the proposal of the UICC and the Heidelberg version for TNM classification of the @entity189 . Clinically the Heidelberg scheme seems more practical, but there were no statistical differences between them. With respect to the prognosis for the @entity1 , the size and localization of the @entity5 are of secondary importance. What is important is the degree of @entity5 spreading in the lymph system. From this point of view, one needs only to differentiate between T1 ( @entity5 restricted to the penis) and T2 ( @entity5 extending the bounds of the penis). On the other hand, size, localization, and degree of infiltration of @entity189 do have different therapeutic consequences, so from this point of view the differentiation of the @entity5 from T1 up to T4 should be retained. With respect to the classification of the state of the corresponding lymph system it is our opinion that the UICC proposal is too differentiated and has little meaning. In its stead, the Heidelberg scheme is clear and simple. Any examiner can complete it. With the help of life tables extending beyond 10 years after diagnosis we were able to determine that 5 years is not a sufficiently long time to clsoe a case of @entity5 . Even with proper treatment, the @entity1 may suffer up to 10 years or more from the disease. In @entity1 aged between 50 and 59 years of age the @entity5 seems to grow faster; in spite of proper and intensive treatment those @entity1 had a clearly limited life expectancy. In @entity1 aged 60-69 and more so in those between 70 and 79 years of age the @entity5 seemed to grow slowly and often had no effect on the survival rate.

title: On the classification of XXXX and its 10-year survival.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'primary tumor', 'penis cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['penis carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['penis carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity3909 ( @entity3909 ) has increased in @entity1 with metastatic @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of @entity41059 in the treatment of @entity3909 . METHODS: Twenty-one @entity1149 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity3909 and treated with @entity41059 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: An exon 21 point mutation and an exon 19 deletion of @entity470 were found in 10 and 11 @entity1 , respectively. A standard dose of @entity41059 (125mg/day, three times a day) was prescribed to 16 @entity1 without previous @entity41059 therapy. A double dose of @entity41059 was prescribed to five @entity1 who developed @entity3909 during @entity41059 therapy with a standard dose. Eighteen of 20 @entity1 showed improvement of @entity1296 and @entity10 . Seventeen of 21 @entity1 had an improved Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) score after @entity41059 treatment. The median overall survival of the @entity1 after the diagnosis of @entity3909 was 10.1 months (95% confidence interval (CI): 8.4-12.0 months). Univariate analysis showed that the ECOG PS score, parenchymal brain metastasis, and previous @entity41059 administration were significantly associated with @entity1 survival. Multivariate analysis also demonstrated that the ECOG PS score was an independent predictor for survival. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that @entity41059 is effective for the treatment of @entity3909 from @entity1149 with an @entity470 mutation, especially for @entity1 with a good ECOG PS score.

title: @entity41059 might be effective for the treatment of @entity3909 in XXXX with sensitive @entity470 mutations.

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3909 :: ('MESH:D055756', 'Disease') :: ['leptomeningeal carcinomatosis', 'LMC']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In the treatment of @entity438 , @entity902 coils often fail to elicit a fibrotic response. We tested the hypothesis that a new, collagen-based endovascular coil would improve angiographic and histologic outcomes as compared with those achieved with @entity902 coils in a @entity95 model of @entity439 . METHODS: Elastase-induced @entity439 were created in 12 New Zealand White @entity95 (body weight, 3-4 kg). Embolization was performed either by use of collagen-based coils (n = 6) or @entity902 coils (n = 6). In both coil groups, subjects were kept alive for either 2 weeks (n = 3 [collagen], n = 3 [ @entity902 ]) or 10 weeks (n = 3 [collagen], n = 3 [ @entity902 ]) after embolization and then were sacrificed. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed immediately after embolization and immediately before sacrifice. Postmortem histologic analysis of all coils was performed. RESULTS: Collagen-based coils were loosely packed in all cases because of limitations in size of coils available for embolization. In all six @entity439 packed with collagen-based coils, progressive @entity715 was noted at follow-up (DSA). @entity902 coil samples were densely packed in all six cases. Progressive @entity715 was seen in one case, and interval regrowth was present in one case. Two weeks after embolization, collagen-based coil samples showed a marked peri-coil cellular response. Ten weeks after embolization, collagen-based samples had dense connective tissue matrix deposition in two of three cases. @entity902 coils had unorganized thrombus at 2 weeks; loose-matrix deposition was only seen in the 10-week samples. Smooth muscle actin-positive cells were seen across the neck of the @entity439 in four of six collagen-based coil cases. CONCLUSION: Collagen-based coils show a marked cellular response in @entity439 , with resultant high rates of progressive occlusion after embolization. Dense matrix deposition is commonly seen with collagen-based coils. This contrasts with low rates of progressive @entity715 and high rates of loose matrix deposition seen with @entity902 coils.

title: A collagen-based coil for embolization of @entity439 in a New Zealand White XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['saccular aneurysms', 'aneurysms', 'animal-model aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum', 'platinum']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysms']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Extreme @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ) is a known risk factor for @entity1164 in @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ). Extreme @entity8158 ( @entity8158 ) is rare, and whether it is linked to a poor outcome is unknown. This study was designed to investigate differences between @entity1121 @entity1 with extreme @entity8158 and those with extreme @entity4346 . METHODS: Among 2,413 @entity1121 @entity1 , 31 with extreme @entity8158 (maximum right ventricular wall thickness >= 10 mm) and 194 with extreme @entity4346 (maximum left ventricular wall thickness >= 30 mm) were investigated. The main clinical features and natural history were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS: The prevalence of extreme @entity8158 and extreme @entity4346 was 1.3 and 8.0%, respectively. @entity1 with extreme @entity8158 tended to be younger and female (p < 0.01). Cardiovascular-related mortality and morbidity within 10 years were significantly greater in the extreme @entity8158 group (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated 3 independent predictors for cardiovascular mortality - extreme @entity8158 , left ventricular end-diastolic dimension >= 50 mm, and age  <=18 years at baseline - and 2 for morbidity - extreme @entity8158 and @entity1163 . CONCLUSIONS: Compared with extreme @entity4346 , extreme @entity8158 was quite uncommon in @entity1121 and had a worse prognosis. A right ventricle examination should be performed in routine @entity1121 evaluation.

title: The Prevalence and Long-Term Outcomes of Extreme Right versus Extreme Left Ventricular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['presyncope']

entities_list: @entity8158 :: ('MESH:D017380', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular hypertrophy', 'RVH']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy', 'LVH']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCM', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Global cognitive scales and meta-analyses thereof are used to appraise therapeutic efficacy over a broad range of disease severity. Clinically, however, different aspects of cognition change in different stages of disease. METHODS: Calculation of effect sizes for single cognitive functions on treatment as assessed by the @entity195 Assessment Scale ( @entity11509 -cog), the Mini-Mental-Status Examination (MMSE), and the Severe Impairment Battery (SIB). In these scales, subdomains of 'cognition', e.g. memory and language, are represented in different proportions. To exemplify the analysis of 'cognition', we used original data of previously published clinical studies with @entity3393 . RESULTS: Depending on @entity303 severity and on the scale used, the effect size for memory varies between -0.44 and +0.34 and for language between -0.40 and +0.26. CONCLUSION: Beyond interstudy variance, effect sizes for treatment with antidementia drugs are subject to disease stage, instruments used, and interaction thereof. Therefore, clinical interpretation is necessary to appraise therapeutic efficacy in clinical studies and meta-analyses thereof when @entity1 with different severity are included or different instruments are used. Alternatively, severity-adapted endpoints should be used for appraisal and meta-analysis of therapeutic efficacy.

title: Measuring therapeutic efficacy in @entity1 with XXXX : role of instruments.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity3393 :: ('MESH:D008559', 'Chemical') :: ['memantine']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's Disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: @entity1 enterocytes express apolipoprotein (apo)B-48, which is produced after posttranscriptional RNA editing of the nuclear @entity9331 transcript by the catalytic deaminase @entity19081 . Earlier studies in @entity19081 -/- @entity19 revealed an @entity9331 -only lipoprotein profile but no gross defects in @entity412 absorption. However, @entity154 may have been obscured by the mixed genetic background. In addition, the intrinsic susceptibility to proteolytic degradation of intestinal @entity9331 and @entity9331 has been questioned. Accordingly, we examined @entity412 absorption, intestinal @entity9331 expression, and lipoprotein secretion in @entity19081 -/- @entity19 backcrossed into a C57BL/6 background. Inbred @entity19081 -/- @entity19 absorb @entity412 normally, yet secrete @entity412 -rich lipoproteins more slowly than wild-type congenic controls. There was comparable induction of @entity9331 synthesis in response to fat feeding in both genotypes, but @entity9331 was preferentially retained and more extensively degraded than @entity9331 . By contrast, synthesis, secretion, and content of @entity36342 were indistinguishable in @entity19081 -/- and wild-type @entity19 with 100% recovery, suggesting no degradation of this apoprotein in either genotype. Newly secreted lipoproteins from isolated enterocytes of wild-type @entity19 revealed @entity9331 in both high-density lipoproteins and very low-density lipoproteins. By contrast, @entity19081 -/- @entity19 secreted @entity9331 -containing particles that were almost exclusively in the low and very low-density lipoproteins range with no @entity9331 -containing high-density lipoproteins. These studies establish the existence of preferential degradation of intestinal @entity9331 and @entity154 in @entity412 secretion in @entity19081 -/- @entity19 , coupled with a shift to the production of larger particles, findings that suggest an important divergence in intestinal lipoprotein assembly pathways with the different isoforms of @entity9331 .

title: Intestinal lipoprotein assembly in @entity19081 -/- XXXX reveals subtle alterations in @entity412 secretion coupled with a shift to larger lipoproteins.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Mammalian']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['subtle defects']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']