abstract: PURPOSE: To assess efficacy, stability and safety of posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation with STAAR Visian ICL for correction of high @entity2516 , with a mean follow-up of 5 years (3.5-10 years). @entity1 AND METHODS: Ninety eyes of 53 highly ametropic @entity1 (45 @entity1714 , ten @entity3467 and 35 with mixed @entity940 ) were included in a retrospective single-surgeon study, using primarily the V4 ICL model (87 eyes). We studied pre- and postoperative refractive efficacy, endothelial cell density, crystalline lens opacification and intraocular clearances within the various compartments of the eye. RESULTS: Mean uncorrected visual acuity was 0.77 at the 12th postoperative month; 17 of 90 eyes required adjunctive photoablation for residual @entity940 . Forty-eight percent of eyes gained at least one line of best corrected visual acuity. After implantation, the decrease in endothelial cell density remained stable at 0.69%/year, and 91% of eyes showed no opacification of the crystalline lens. Mean endothelium-ICL and ICL-crystalline lens distances were 2.41 mm and 0.52 mm respectively. Overall @entity1 satisfaction achieved was 96% at 36 months postoperatively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate efficacy, stability and safety of the ICL V4 phakic IOL for the correction of high @entity2516 . Long-term follow-up did not show a significant increase in @entity231 formation in implanted eyes.

title: [Long-term results of posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation for correction of high XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['ametropia']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopia']

answer: @entity2516 :: (MESH:D012030,Disease) :: ['ametropia']


abstract: The tRNA glycylation system is amongst the most complex aminoacylation systems since neither the oligomeric structure of the enzymes nor the discriminator base in tRNAs are conserved in the phylae. To understand better this structural diversity and its functional consequences, the prokaryotic glycylation system from @entity4691 , an extreme thermophile, was investigated and its structural and functional inter-relations with those of other origins analyzed. Alignments of the protein sequence of the dimeric thermophilic glycyl-tRNA synthetase ( @entity4022 -tRNA synthetase) derived from its gene with sequences of other dimeric @entity4022 -tRNA synthetases revealed an atypical character of motif 1 in all these class 2 synthetases. Interestingly, the sequence of the prokaryotic thermophilic enzyme resembles eukaryotic and archaebacterial @entity4022 -tRNA synthetases, which are all dimeric, and diverges drastically from the tetrameric enzymes from other prokaryotes. Cross aminoacylations with tRNAs and synthetases of different origins provided information about functional interrelations between the glycylation systems. Efficient glycylations involving partners from @entity4691 and @entity526 showed conservation of the recognition process in prokaryotes despite strong structural variations of the synthetases. However, @entity4022 -tRNA synthetase from @entity4691 acylates eukaryotic tRNA( @entity4022 ) while the charging ability of the @entity526 enzyme is restricted to prokaryotic tRNA( @entity4022 ). A similar behaviour is found in eukaryotic systems where the restricted species specificity for tRNA glycylation of @entity1 @entity4022 -tRNA synthetase contrasts with the relaxed specificity of the @entity375 enzyme. The consensus sequence of the tRNAs charged by the various @entity4022 -tRNA synthetases reveals conservation of only G1-C72 in the acceptor arm, C35 and C36 in the anticodon, and the (G10-Y25)-G45 triplet involved in tRNA folding. Conservation of these nucleotides indicates their key role in glycylation and suggests that they were part of the ancestral @entity2228 identity set. These features are discussed in the context of the phylogenic connections between prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and archaebacteria, and of the particular place of @entity4691 in this phylogeny.

title: Glycyl-tRNA synthetase from XXXX --wide structural divergence with other prokaryotic glycyl-tRNA synthetases and functional inter-relation with prokaryotic and eukaryotic glycylation systems.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity4691 :: ('274', 'Species') :: ['T. thermophilus', 'Thermus thermophilus']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity4691 :: (274,Species) :: ['Thermus thermophilus']


abstract: @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) are life-threatening manifestations of @entity453 , occurring when a @entity715 forms at the site of @entity731 or fissuring. Almost all @entity1 discharged from the hospital after an @entity1187 ( @entity583 or @entity1459 ) in the United States receive antiplatelet therapy. Current recommendations for post- @entity1187 antiplatelet therapy are @entity117 75 to 162 mg/day indefinitely for all @entity1 , plus a @entity1747 (currently @entity1397 75 mg/day) for > or = 12 months in those receiving stents unless there is a high risk of @entity548 . Dual antiplatelet therapy is indicated because @entity1 with @entity1187 have a @entity49 state which persists for at least 6 months after the acute event, and agents targeting different mechanisms have synergistic antiplatelet effects. The @entity1747 class includes @entity1396 , @entity1397 , and @entity3076 . @entity1397 is recommended in guidelines because @entity1396 carries a higher risk of adverse events including @entity1503 . @entity3076 is not yet available outside of a research setting. @entity1397 + @entity117 reduces the risk of an adverse clinical event after @entity1187 by 15% and after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) by 34%. However, there is considerable interpatient variability in response to @entity1397 and a mean of 21% of @entity1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 17 % - 25%) are nonresponsive to the drug as measured by platelet aggregation inhibition. Nonresponsiveness is associated with an increased risk of secondary @entity63 events. Compared with @entity1397 , the newest @entity1747 , @entity3076 , has a faster onset of platelet inhibition and less variability of response. In clinical trials, the combination of @entity3076 + @entity117 reduced the risk of a second @entity63 event by 19% compared with @entity1397 + @entity117 . There is a small increase in the risk of @entity548 with dual antiplatelet therapy, but the benefit still outweighs the risk in most @entity1 . @entity1 with a history of transient @entity63 attack or @entity64 should not receive @entity3076 + @entity117 because of increased risk of events.

title: The potential role of @entity3076 in secondary prevention of @entity63 events in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'Acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity3076 :: ('MESH:C408153', 'Chemical') :: ['prasugrel', 'Prasugrel']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic plaque rupture']

entities_list: @entity1396 :: ('MESH:D013988', 'Chemical') :: ['ticlopidine']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel', 'Clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulable']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood dyscrasias']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity1747 :: ('MESH:C446540', 'Chemical') :: ['thienopyridine']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndromes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity12956 ( @entity12956 ) is endemic within domestic @entity233 populations. Yellow semen is of lower quality and, when used for insemination, results in reduced fertility and hatchability. Little is known about the etiology of @entity12956 . The aim of this study was to compare the proteome of white and yellow seminal plasma of @entity233 using 1) 2-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) to quantify seminal plasma proteins and 2) matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry to identify the proteins that are differentially abundant in white and yellow seminal plasma. A total of 49 protein spots (30 upregulated and 19 downregulated) were differentially expressed in yellow seminal plasma compared with white seminal plasma. Transthyretin and serum albumin-like showed a 3-fold increase in seminal plasma from males with @entity12956 , and the latter was validated using Western blot analysis. A 3-fold increase was observed for @entity70458 -like and immunoglobulin light chain V-J-C region. Pantetheinase-like showed a 1.3-fold increase. Ovotransferrin, hepatocyte growth factor activator, @entity462 -rich secretory protein 3-like, and ferritin heavy chain-like showed a significant decrease (at least a 1.3-fold decrease) in yellow semen. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the precise function of the above-mentioned proteins in @entity12956 and to establish quality markers of @entity233 semen to predict the reproductive potential of individual @entity233 .

title: Proteomic analysis of white and yellow seminal plasma in XXXX ().

entities_list: @entity12956 :: ('MESH:D056684', 'Disease') :: ['Yellow semen syndrome', 'YSS']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity233 :: ('9103', 'Species') :: ['turkey', 'turkeys']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['turkeys']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity73 ( @entity73 ) has been an important complication of cardiac surgery over the years. @entity149 can affect quality of life and lead to social, functional, emotional, and financial problems in the @entity1 's life. To reduce @entity73 , we sought to identify the association between @entity73 and perioperative factors in @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS: One hundred one @entity1 aged between 45 and 75 years undergoing elective cardiac surgery were enrolled in this study. All the surgeries were performed on-pump by the same medical team. A brief @entity2414 ( @entity2414 ) was administered before surgery, 3 to 5 days after the surgery, and 3 months after discharge. All related perioperative parameters were collected in order to study the effect of these parameters on the postoperative @entity2414 scores and @entity2414 score change. RESULTS: The study population consisted of 101 @entity1 , comprising 14 (13.8%) females and 87 (86.2%) males aged between 45 and 75 years. In univariate analysis, the baseline @entity2414 score, serum levels of @entity880 dehydrogenase and T3, cross-clamp time, and preexistence of @entity1030 showed significant effects on the postoperative @entity2414 score (p value < 0.05), whereas only the baseline @entity2414 score and @entity1030 showed strong effects on the postoperative @entity2414 score in the multiple regression model. In addition, the multiple regression model demonstrated a significant association between the baseline @entity2414 score, serum @entity1011 level, and @entity1507 administration and the @entity2414 score change. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that preexisting @entity1030 and preoperative high serum @entity1011 levels negatively affected cognitive function after surgery. In addition, there was a strong relationship between the @entity1 ' basic cognition and @entity73 . Preoperative @entity1507 administration led to a significant improvement in @entity73 . It is also concluded that the preoperative administration of specific medicines like @entity3362 can reduce @entity16 after cardiac surgery.

title: Association between Perioperative Parameters and XXXX in Post-Cardiac Surgery @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['POCD', 'cognitive dysfunction', 'Postoperative cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['Neurocognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['Wechsler Memory Test', 'WMT']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Cognitive Impairment']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: @entity5512 is rare in the general population, and may be associated with significant additional @entity299 . We aimed to identify the prevalence and patterns of additional @entity299 , as well as the associated long-term morbidity and mortality, in adult @entity1 with @entity5512 , in a specialised @entity299 ( @entity299 ) service. METHODS: A retrospective study of @entity1 with @entity5512 managed by our tertiary @entity299 service, since January 2000, was performed. Medical records were reviewed and the National Death Index was consulted to confirm survival status. RESULTS: Of 3698 adults in our @entity299 Service, 19 (0.5%) had @entity5512 . Mean follow-up duration was 7  7.5 years. The mean age at last review was 36.8  10.5 years (range 20-63 years). Situs was solitus in 14 (74%) and inversus in five (26%). Eleven @entity1 (58%) had functional single ventricles, of whom five had atrioventricular (AV)-ventriculoarterial (VA) discordance and two had VA discordance only. Four @entity1 with two ventricles had AV-VA discordance. All @entity1 had at least one additional @entity299 . Fourteen @entity1 (74%) required surgical intervention. Eleven @entity1 (58%) underwent a Fontan-type operation. Five @entity1 (26%) required ablation procedures for @entity943 . One @entity1 had @entity884 and two @entity204 occurred, both in @entity1 who also had AV-VA discordance. CONCLUSION: @entity5512 remains a rare finding in adults, even in a highly select group of @entity1 with known @entity299 . Those with associated @entity4297 are likely to have complex lesions, which may require multiple surgical and medical interventions. Despite this, our series demonstrated that @entity1 surviving to adulthood and then managed in an @entity299 centre may have good medium-term survival.

title: @entity5512 in Adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5512 :: ('MESH:D003914', 'Disease') :: ['dextrocardia', 'Dextrocardia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac defects', 'cardiac malformation', 'congenital heart disease', 'cardiac malformations', 'ACHD', 'Adult Congenital Heart Disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Congenital Heart Disease']


abstract: Splenectomy has traditionally been considered as a standard first line treatment for @entity1074 ( @entity1074 ) conferring a survival advantage over chemotherapy. However it carries significant complications, especially in elderly @entity1 . The purpose of this retrospective study was to report our experience on the efficacy of Rituximab as first line treatment in 16 consecutive @entity1074 @entity1 , diagnosed in our department. The diagnosis was established using standard criteria. @entity1 ' median age was 57 years (range, 48-78). Prior to treatment initiation all @entity1 had @entity381 , nine had @entity417 , @entity6113 , five @entity1398 and six @entity882 . Rituximab was administered at a dose of 375 mg/m2/week for 6 consecutive weeks. The overall response rate was 100%. After treatment, all @entity1 had a complete resolution of @entity381 along with restoration of their blood counts. Eleven @entity1 (69%) achieved a CR, three (19%) unconfirmed CR and two (12%) a PR. Among the complete responders seven @entity1 had also a molecular remission. The median time to clinical response was 3 weeks (range, 2-6). Rituximab maintenance was given to 12 @entity1 . Eleven of them had no evidence of disease progression after a median follow-up time of 28.5 months (range, 14-36), while two out of four @entity1 who did not receive maintenance, relapsed 7 and 24 months after the completion of induction treatment. Median follow-up time for the entire series was 29.5 months (range, 15-81). No deaths were recorded during the follow-up period. Therapy was well tolerated. The present study demonstrates that rituximab is an effective treatment for @entity1074 and could be considered as a substitute or alternative to splenectomy.

title: Rituximab monotherapy is highly effective in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6113 :: ('MESH:D008218', 'Disease') :: ['five lymphocytosis']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['splenic marginal zone lymphoma', 'SMZL']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

answer: @entity1074 :: (MESH:D018442,Disease) :: ['splenic marginal zone lymphoma']


abstract: It is now possible to measure bone mass with highly precise, safe and noninvasive technology. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) can detect @entity604 well before it becomes evident by conventional X-rays or by @entity174 . Because measurement of bone density is the single most important predictor of @entity174 risk, it is a critically important tool to apply to the population at risk, which includes @entity1 who have definable risk factors for @entity170 , such as the menopause, as well as those with a family history of @entity170 , life-long low @entity460 intake, smoking, extreme @entity14968 , @entity448 , certain diseases and medications. Central DXA machines measure bone mass of the lumbar spine and hip region, the most important potential @entity174 sites. At the present time, the number of DXA machines in the United States is inadequate to detect the entire population at risk. Even if there were a sufficient number of DXA machines, lack of insurance reimbursement would limit their use. These restraints are beginning to be better defined, if not moderated, by the Bone Mass Measurement Act of 1998. With insufficient numbers of DXA machines and their heavy localization to major urban medical centers, peripheral devices have been developed. Using DXA technology, these peripheral devices can measure densities in the distal forearm, the middle phalangeal bone, and the heel. Ultrasound technology has also been developed to measure bone density of the tibia and the heel. The peripheral densitometers, in general, have the advantage of smaller size, lower cost, and portability. A very controversial issue, however, is whether measurement at a peripheral site provides sufficiently accurate information about bone mass at more important central sites to be generally reliable. Nevertheless, they have great potential in helping to detect the large numbers of @entity1 at risk for @entity170 . Eventually, however, central measurements of bone mass will be needed, especially for monitoring of therapy, so that central measurements of bone mass by DXA are still the "gold standard" in the field at this time.

title: Bone mass measurement in identification of XXXX at risk for @entity170 .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Left-ventricular diverticulum (LD) associated with @entity2461 ( @entity2461 ) is extremely rare. We have not found any previous reports of the coexistence of these two @entity600 . Such an association presenting with @entity662 mimicking an @entity1188 with @entity951 or a @entity661 with @entity662 is difficult to differentiate clinically. Here, we discuss several diseases characterized by left-ventricular apical protrusion with @entity662 to familiarize clinicians with the differential diagnosis of these diseases. CASE PRESENTATION: A 58-year-old @entity1 was referred to our hospital because of complaints of @entity662 and dyspnoea, mainly on exertion. An electrocardiograph on admission showed a q-wave in lead I, a Q-wave in lead aVL, and an abnormal T-wave in the limb leads and leads V4 to V6. A transthoracic echocardiograph revealed a @entity2461 and a protrusion arising from the apex of the left ventricle. The diagnosis on admission was @entity2461 and @entity453 with @entity1188 . To evaluate the source of the @entity662 , further evaluations were performed. Coronary angiography showed no abnormal findings. Left ventriculography confirmed the presence of an apical contractile out-pouching. Based on these findings, we revised the diagnosis as LD associated with @entity2461 . The @entity1 underwent transcatheter occlusion of the @entity2461 and was discharged 3  days later. Unexpectedly, transcatheter occlusion resolved the paroxysmal @entity662 in this case. CONCLUSION: This is the first case report of LD combined with @entity2461 . @entity2461 should be considered in the list of differential diagnosis of @entity662 . Several diseases characterized by left-ventricular apical protrusion with @entity662 , such as LD, @entity1188 and @entity661 , can be misdiagnosed as one another. Therefore, it is important to familiarize clinicians with the differential diagnosis of these diseases.

title: Adult left-ventricular diverticulum and @entity2461 misdiagnosed as XXXX with @entity1188 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['PDA', 'patent ductus arteriosus']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['takotsubo cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Nefopam is a non-opioid, non-steroidal, centrally acting analgesic drug used to prevent @entity282 , primarily in the context of multimodal @entity1337 . This paper reviews preclinical and clinical studies in which nefopam has been combined with opioids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compounds, and @entity1443 . The focus of this report is the literature during the last decade and a discussion of translational efforts between animal and clinical studies in the context of multimodal or balanced @entity1337 . In preclinical rodent models of acute and @entity158 , nefopam combinations including opioids revealed a synergistic interaction or enhanced @entity1286 @entity1337 in 6 out of 7 studies. Nefopam combinations including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( @entity117 , @entity7988 or @entity9695 ) or @entity1443 likewise showed enhanced analgesic effects for the associated compound in all instances. Clinical studies have been performed in various types of surgeries involving different @entity158 intensities. Nefopam combinations including opioids resulted in a reduction in @entity1286 consumption in 8 out of 10 studies of severe or moderate @entity158 . Nefopam combinations including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( @entity7988 or @entity12803 ) or @entity1443 also demonstrated a synergic interaction or an enhancement of the analgesic effect of the associated compound. In conclusion, this review of nefopam combinations including various analgesic drugs (opioids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and @entity1443 ) reveals that enhanced @entity1337 was demonstrated in most preclinical and clinical studies, suggesting a role for nefopam in multimodal @entity1337 based on its distinct characteristics as an analgesic. Further clinical studies are needed to evaluate the analgesic effects of nefopam combinations including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or @entity1443 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Nefopam XXXX and its role in multimodal @entity1337 : A review of preclinical and clinical studies.

entities_list: @entity7988 :: ('MESH:D007660', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoprofen']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity12803 :: ('MESH:C032801', 'Chemical') :: ['tenoxicam']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity9695 :: ('MESH:C012655', 'Chemical') :: ['nimesulide']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The incidence of rare intradural @entity4097 is 3 to 10 per 100,000 of population. Open bilateral laminectomy with partial or total facet removal is the standard surgical access for gross total resection (GTR) of such @entity5 . Retrospective studies in adults revealed that for @entity1 operated with bilateral laminectomy as well with less invasive procedures, the risk of developing @entity86 or worsening @entity85 is still significant. The this study describes integration of Minimally invasive Spine Surgery (MISS) techniques with preoperative MRI data and intraoperative 3 dimensional fluoroscopic images with the aim of planning skin incision according to a precise transmuscular trajectory, thus tailoring @entity5 access with minimal bone resection in @entity1 with intradural extramedullary lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of 45 consecutive surgical cases of @entity5 was carried out. Seven @entity1 operated for intradural extramedullary @entity5 using the image merged guided MISS were selected. Preoperative MRI and intraoperative 3D fluoroscopic data were manually merged using Synergy Cranial 2.2 software and Stealth Merge 1.2. Accuracy of manual image merging was verified with anatomic landmarks as references. After a 3D fluoroscopic image acquisition using the merged data, a skin incision was planned according to the chosen entry point and the transmuscular trajectory was optimised for @entity5 access. Under microscopic and neuronavigation guidance, tailored bone resection and lesion removal were carried out. RESULTS: From December 2012 to August 2014, we performed MISS removal of intradural extramedullary spine @entity5 in seven @entity1 , four male and three female as described above. Pre-operative Nurick score was 3 in three @entity1 , 1 in two @entity1 and 0 in other two cases. One @entity1 presented with local @entity1410 that regressed in the immediate postoperative period. Follow up ranges from 2 to 14months (average 5.8months). Follow up neurological Nurick scores recording reveals a favorable neurological outcome with a score of 0 in six @entity1 . Any @entity1 showed postoperative @entity16 . Only one @entity1 with a resected L1 @entity808 complains of postoperative @entity158 , which is responsive to medical treatment. MRI confirms GTR in all cases. CONCLUSION: The goal of treatment of intradural extramedullary lesions ismaximum @entity5 resection, adapting surgical approach to minimise manipulation of neural structures and reducing bone resection without comprising @entity5 resection. Image merged guided MISS is a safe and feasible procedure for @entity5 removal in @entity1 with intradural extramedullary @entity5 . In the present study, we demonstrate that this technique allows the surgeon to define entry point, to tailor transmuscular trajectory and @entity5 access while minimizing bone removal and achieving GTR of @entity75 .

title: Image merged guided spine surgery for XXXX : Retrospective series of 7 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['Schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intradural tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intardural lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative deformity']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['radicular pain']

entities_list: @entity4097 :: ('MESH:D013120', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord tumors']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative deformity']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['intradural tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Flow cytometry provides a powerful tool to assess cells in G0/G1, S and G2/M phase and ploidy. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the correlation between diffusion tensor (DTI) and dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI metrics with cell cycle analysis findings in @entity11 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We studied thirty @entity1 who were operated on for @entity11 . DTI and DSC MRI were performed within a week prior to surgical excision. Lesion/normal ratios were calculated for the ADC, FA and rCBV. In an excised @entity5 sample flow cytometric analysis was performed. RESULTS: There were 24 @entity463 , 2 @entity816 , 1 @entity816 and 3 diffuse @entity816 . There were significant differences between low and high-grade @entity11 for rCBV and ADC values. Low grade @entity5 had higher G0/G1 phase fraction and lower S-phase, G2/M, S+G2/M and S+G2/M/G0/G1 fractions There was a significant negative correlation between rCBV and G0/G1 phase fraction and a positive correlation with G2/M, S+G2/M and the S+G2/M/G0/G1 fraction. Significant correlation was also observed between FA ratio and S+G2/M/G0/G1. There was a negative significant correlation between ADC and S+G2/M and the S+G2/M/G0/G1 fraction. There were 21 (70%) diploid and 9 (30%) @entity5 . No significant difference was found between diploid and @entity5 with respect to rCBV, ADC and FA values. CONCLUSION: Dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI and diffusion tensor imaging metrics are correlated to @entity5 @entity146 as assessed by cell cycle analysis.

title: Correlation of diffusion tensor and dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI with DNA ploidy and cell cycle analysis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'aneuploid tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic astrocytomas', 'oligoastrocytoma', 'astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: @entity2316 and @entity454 are still a major cause of mortality amongst @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). In this study, we evaluated the Clinitek-Microalbumin (CM) screening test strip for the detection of microalbuminuria (MA) in a random morning spot urine in comparison with the quantitative assessment of @entity633 in the timed overnight urine collection ("gold standard"). One hundred thirty-four @entity1 , adolescents, and young adults with insulin-dependent @entity6 Type 1 were studied at 222 outpatient visits. Because of @entity293 and/or haematuria, the data of 13 visits were excluded. Finally, 165 timed overnight urine were collected in the remaining 209 visits (79% sample per visit rate). Ten (6.1%) @entity1 presented MA of > or =15 microg/min. In comparison however, 200 spot urine could be screened (96% sample/visit rate) yielding a significant increase in compliance and screening rate (P<.001, McNemar test). Furthermore, at 156 occasions, the gold standard and CM could be directly compared. The sensitivity and the specificity for CM in the spot urine (cut-off > or =30 mg albumin/l) were 0.89 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56-0.99] and 0.73 (CI 0.66-0.80), respectively. The positive and negative predictive value were 0.17 (CI 0.08-0.30) and 0.99 (CI 0.95-1.00), respectively. Considering CM albumin-to- @entity1011 ratio, the results were poorer than with the albumin concentration alone. Using CM instead of quantitative assessment of @entity633 is not cost-effective (35 US dollars versus 60 US dollars/ @entity1 /year). In conclusion, to exclude MA, the CM used in the random spot urine is reliable and easy to handle, but positive screening results of > or =30 mg albumin/l must be confirmed by analyses in the timed overnight collected urine. Although the screening compliance is improved, in terms of analysing random morning spot urine for MA, we cannot recommend CM in a paediatric @entity6 outpatient setting because the specificity is far too low.

title: Microalbuminuria in XXXX : efficacy of a new screening method in comparison with timed overnight urine collection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: In anesthetized spontaneously breathing @entity235 , @entity57772 caused dose-dependent periods of @entity386 and, at high doses, @entity1576 . In artificially ventilated @entity235 , i.v. @entity57772 caused complex dose-related cardiovascular changes consisting of: (1) @entity1168 ; (2) triphasic blood pressure changes, sequentially characterized by depressor/pressor/depressor phases; (3) @entity943 including @entity2224 ; (4) muscle @entity2901 . Prevention of @entity1168 by @entity3897 , vagotomy or ganglionic blockage unmasked a tachycardic action of the toxin. Ganglionic blockade, but not @entity3897 or vagotomy, reduced the initial depressor effect of toxin. @entity5521 prevented the toxin-induced @entity551 and secondary @entity101 . @entity1169 prevented the tachycardic and late depressor effects of toxin. In reserpinized @entity235 , low doses of toxin caused muscle @entity2901 but none of the above cardiovascular effects; large doses caused @entity1168 preventable by @entity3897 , but not by vagotomy or @entity14523 . These results suggest that @entity57772 : elicits the Bezold-Jarisch effect, i.e. @entity551 , @entity1168 and @entity386 ; releases @entity2661 , probably adrenal @entity1425 , causing tachycardic, secondary pressor and late depressor effects; in large doses, releases vagal @entity934 ; -induced @entity2922 and @entity934 release is not nicotinic; produces effects, like those reported for @entity13981 , attributable to a common action on excitable membranes.

title: Cardiovascular effects of brevetoxins in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity57772 :: ('MESH:C053342', 'Chemical') :: ['brevetoxin']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['Phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity14523 :: ('MESH:D002714', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorisondamine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

entities_list: @entity13981 :: ('MESH:D014701', 'Chemical') :: ['veratridine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['initial hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory arrest']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2901 :: ('MESH:D005207', 'Disease') :: ['fasciculations']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The gut microbiota has been implicated in @entity28 and its progression towards @entity209 . Dietary interventions that target the gut microbiota have been suggested to improve metabolic health. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of interventions with @entity6983 F19 or flaxseed mucilage on the gut microbiota and metabolic risk markers in @entity28 . A total of fifty-eight @entity28 postmenopausal @entity1 were randomised to a single-blinded, parallel-group intervention of 6-week duration, with a daily intake of either @entity6983 F19 (9  4  *  1010 colony-forming units), flaxseed mucilage (10  g) or placebo. Quantitative metagenomic analysis of faecal DNA was performed to identify the changes in the gut microbiota. Diet-induced changes in metabolic markers were explored using adjusted linear regression models. The intake of flaxseed mucilage over 6 weeks led to a reduction in serum C-peptide and insulin release during an oral @entity413 tolerance test (P<  0  05) and improved insulin sensitivity measured by Matsuda index (P<  0  05). Comparison of gut microbiota composition at baseline and after 6 weeks of intervention with flaxseed mucilage showed alterations in abundance of thirty-three metagenomic species (P<  0  01), including decreased relative abundance of eight Faecalibacterium species. These changes in the microbiota could not explain the effect of flaxseed mucilage on insulin sensitivity. The intake of @entity6983 F19 did not modulate metabolic markers compared with placebo. In conclusion, flaxseed mucilage improves insulin sensitivity and alters the gut microbiota; however, the improvement in insulin sensitivity was not mediated by the observed changes in relative abundance of bacterial species.

title: Dietary modulation of the gut microbiota - a randomised controlled trial in XXXX postmenopausal @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6983 :: ('1597', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus paracasei', 'L. paracasei']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical characteristics of mesenteric @entity1416 (MAE) and mesenteric arterial @entity715 (MAT), and to clarify the diagnosis and treatment status of MAE and MAT in China. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 111 cases suffering from MAE or MAT was performed. Data of these cases were collected from Chinese Journal Full-text Database from 1994 to 2006. RESULTS: There were 61 cases (54.9%) with MAE and 50 cases (45.1%) with MAT. Fifty-two @entity1 (46.8%) had @entity955 . Ninety-seven cases (87.4%) were diagnosed by exploratory laparotomy or autopsy, and 14 cases (12.6%) by imageology. @entity887 or @entity715 in @entity6029 ( @entity6029 ) accounted for 92.8%, 4.5% in @entity6029 plus inferior mesenteric artery. 15.2%(14/92) @entity39 were located in jejunum or ileum, 39.1%(36/92) in jejunum and ileum, 38.0%(35/92) in jejunum, ileum and colon. Thrombolysis or anticoagulation in artery were operated in 7 cases(6.3%). Extraction of @entity887 or @entity715 in operation were implemented in 18 cases(16.2%). Intestinal resection were finished in 76 cases(68.5%). Sixty-eight @entity1 (61.3%) were misdiagnosed. Sixty-three cases (60.6%) died. CONCLUSION: The manifestation of MAE or MAT is quite complicated and changeable, so that many cases are misdiagnosed. The clinic and image characteristics of MAE and MAT have not been well known by doctors.

title: [Meta-analysis of mesenteric @entity1416 or mesenteric arterial XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolism']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism', 'Embolism']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['arterial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity6029 :: ('MESH:D013478', 'Disease') :: ['superior mesenteric artery', 'SMA']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: In the @entity1201 control programme, 75 @entity1 affected by @entity1201 , in three different geographical areas, were investigated. Each @entity1 was documented as having anaesthesia to the 10 g monofilament. The study sought to determine why some @entity1 developed @entity1066 whilst others did not. According to the records, 43 had an @entity1066 during the last 5 years but 32 had never had an @entity1066 . In order to examine protective sensation on the sole of the foot, various sensory modalities were tested and the functional anatomy of the foot was examined. The results showed, as may be expected, that it is not possible to define a specific threshold for protective sensation that could be applied to all cases. Some @entity1 with only slightly diminished sensation developed @entity1066 , while many others with almost complete anaesthesia remained @entity1066 -free. In these rural communities, being a farmer reduced the risk of developing an @entity1066 , but no other demographic features were significant. Graded monofilaments were found to be the most appropriate test, with @entity1109 at any of five points tested being a 'positive' result. The 10 g filament was the most sensitive, but only 43% of feet identified by this test actually developed an @entity1066 . As @entity1 with partial @entity1109 were excluded from this study, this figure may be lower under programme conditions. The 50 g and 100 g filaments decrease the number of feet identified as at risk, but increase the percentage which actually develop an @entity1066 , to 46% and 49%, respectively. An appropriate test for selecting those for special programmes which may have a limited capacity, for example the provision of subsidized footwear or involvement in self-care groups, would be a 100 g filament, which would detect 86% of those feet likely to develop an @entity1066 , while reducing the number of those selected who are not at great risk. Vibrometry was found to be no better than graded filaments and an examination of functional anatomy did not help in identifying those at risk.

title: Can XXXX affected by @entity1201 at risk of developing plantar ulcers be identified? A field study from central Ethiopia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['person', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['loss of sensation']

entities_list: @entity1201 :: ('MESH:D007918', 'Disease') :: ['ALERT leprosy', 'leprosy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Altered miRNA expression, a typical feature of many @entity5 , is reportedly associated with prognosis according to several studies. Although numerous studies on miRNAs in @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ) have also attempted to identify prognostic biomarkers, more large-scale clinical studies are needed to establish the clinical significance of the results. Present study aimed to identify prognosis related molecular subtypes of primary @entity5 using miRNA expression profiling. METHODS: Expression profiles of 1,733 miRNAs were obtained by using microarray analysis of 104 @entity788 of Korean @entity1 . To detect subgroups informative in predicting the @entity1 's prognosis, we applied unsupervised clustering methods and then analyzed the association of the molecular subgroups with survival time. Then, we constructed a classifier to predict the subgroup using penalized regression models. RESULTS: We have determined three @entity1124 @entity5 subtypes associated with prognosis based on miRNA expression profiles. These subtypes showed significantly different survival time for @entity1 with the same clinical conditions. This demonstrates that our prognostic molecular subgroup has independent prognostic utility. The molecular subtypes can be predicted with a classifier of 19 miRNAs. Of the 19 signature miRNAs, miR-106b-star, @entity66586 -3p, and @entity69481 were related to a @entity876 canonical pathway, and @entity66586 , miR-145-5p, miR-26b-5p, and @entity48768 were related to a @entity2247 centered pathway. CONCLUSIONS: Our prognostic molecular subtypes demonstrated that miRNA profiles could be used as prognostic markers. Additionally, we have constructed a classifier that may be used to determine the molecular subgroup of new @entity1 sample data. Further studies are needed for validation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Molecular subtypes of XXXX based on miRNA expression profiles have independent prognostic value.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['PDAC', 'pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'pancreas tumors']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: AIM: The study was aimed to examine the appropriateness of using the Mini Nutritional Assessment to screen for risk of under- and over-nutrition in adults with @entity717 . BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity717 are at increased risk of @entity3147 , but routine monitoring of their nutritional conditions are not widely done. DESIGN: The study purposively recruited 104 institutionalised adults (>= 19 years old) with @entity717 to serve as @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 were interviewed with a structured questionnaire to elicit personal data, health-related information and answers to items in the Activities of Daily Living and the Mini Nutritional Assessment scales and measured for anthropometrics. Biochemical data were taken from their routine medical measurements. Each subject was graded with the Mini Nutritional Assessment that adopted Taiwanese-specific anthropometric cut-off points (T1) and an alternative version that omitted the body mass index item (T2). RESULTS: Both Mini Nutritional Assessment versions were able indentifying individuals at risk of @entity3147 among adults with @entity717 and rated comparable proportions of @entity1 malnourished (6  7 and 5  8% for Mini Nutritional Assessment-T1 and Mini Nutritional Assessment-T2, respectively) or at risk of @entity3147 (14  4 and 17  3%, respectively). @entity1 with @entity306 were at greater risk of malnourishment than @entity1 with other disabilities. CONCLUSION: The Mini Nutritional Assessment is appropriate for screening for under- and over-nutrition in adults with @entity717 . The Mini Nutritional Assessment (especially the version without body mass index) can make routine monitoring of nutritional status of these @entity1 an easier task. However, further studies are needed to develop subtype-specific versions (tools) as various subtypes of @entity717 are associated with different nutritional problems. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The Mini Nutritional Assessment can serve as a tool for routine screening for under- and over-nutrition in @entity1 with @entity717 .

title: The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) is useful for assessing the risk of XXXX in adults with @entity717 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Persons', 'patients', 'Participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disabilities', 'intellectual disability']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['malnutrition']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate reliability of Trans-rectal ultra-sonography (TRUS) guidance with @entity4831 injection for prostate localization before radiotherapy planning. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From October 1997 to March 2000, 31 @entity1 with @entity263 and six @entity1 with anastomotic recurrence after radical prostatectomy had TRUS-guided injection of @entity4831 . Two milliliters of @entity4831 were injected into each side of the prostate and 1 ml into both seminal vesicles with a 22 Gauge CHIBA needle and US probe guide before radiotherapy planning. We had established a contrast quality index (0 for no prostate enhancement to 5 for efficient pacification without any diffusion). On simulation films, we had performed anatomic measurements for comparison with other anatomic studies. RESULTS: For all 37 @entity1 , TRUS-guided injection was well tolerated. Among 31 @entity1 with the prostate in situ, three had no apex opacification and 15 had no vesicle enhancement or peri-vesicle space diffusion. However, in 19 @entity1 there was good contrast quality with an index score of > or =3. The majority of @entity1 had prostatic apex between 1.5 and 3.5 cm from ischial tuberosities ligne (27 from 28 evaluable for apex). Among 19 evaluable @entity1 , 15 had seminal vesicles 2-4 cm above the top of pubis. For six @entity1 with anastomotic recurrence after radical prostatectomy, @entity4831 was precious aid to locate it. We had only one failure because of a precocious bladder absorption relating to a delay which is too long between rectal probe locating and portal films. CONCLUSION: TRUS injection of @entity4831 is a simple, inexpensive, relatively safe technique for localization of prostatic apex, but not appropriate for seminal vesicles enhancement. This is also an interesting method to locate anastomotic recurrence.

title: Trans-rectal ultrasonography (TRUS) with XXXX injection for localization of the prostatic apex before radiotherapy planning.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4831 :: ('MESH:D004998', 'Chemical') :: ['lipiodol']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity4831 :: (MESH:D004998,Chemical) :: ['lipiodol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and @entity2843 ( @entity2843 ) have been found in high concentrations in @entity1143 . Because MMP and @entity2843 may play a part in the causation of the @entity82 seen in @entity378 ( @entity378 ) @entity5641 their occurrence was examined. DESIGN: Pleural effusion fluid and plasma concentrations of @entity3334 , @entity1476 , @entity1549 , @entity5952 , @entity1495 , @entity2843 and @entity1552 were determined by ELISA in 21 @entity1 with @entity5641 . To adjust for the total protein content, respective ratios were calculated. Activities of @entity1476 and @entity1495 were measured by gelatine zymography and the @entity1495 / @entity1476 ratios calculated. Pleural effusions and plasma of 15 @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) and plasma of 15 healthy @entity1 (CON) served as controls. RESULTS: Immunoreactive pleural fluid concentrations of @entity3334 , @entity1476 , @entity5952 , and @entity1495 were higher in @entity378 compared to @entity712 , but plasma concentrations were not different between the groups. @entity378 pleural fluid concentrations of @entity3334 , @entity1476 , @entity2843 , and @entity1552 were higher compared to @entity378 plasma. @entity1549 was found in trace amounts only. The @entity1495 /total protein ratios in pleural fluid were higher in @entity378 compared to @entity712 (0.4492+/-0.1633 vs 0.0364+/-0.0145, P<0.005) but the @entity2843 ratios were lower (139.0+/-28.7 vs 517.8+/-183.7, P<0.0005). In @entity378 pleural fluid vs @entity378 plasma, the respective @entity3334 , @entity1476 , @entity2843 , and @entity1552 ratios were increased (0.46+/-0.10 vs 0.17+/-0.02; 25.2+/-2.8 vs 4.2+/-0.9; 139.0+/-28.7 vs 27.8+/-8.2; 0.67+/-0.13 vs 0.18+/-0.04, P<0.0005 each). Gelatine zymography demonstrated @entity1476 and @entity1495 bands of different brightness in @entity378 effusions but in @entity712 effusions the @entity1495 band was barely visible. The @entity1495 / @entity1476 effusion ratios were therefore higher in @entity378 compared to @entity712 (0.46+/-0.15 vs 0.05+/-0.04, P<0.0005). CONCLUSION: Compartmentalized @entity3334 , @entity1476 , @entity2843 , and @entity1552 and, compared to @entity712 , a surplus of @entity3334 , @entity1476 , @entity5952 , and @entity1495 in the pleural space obviously contribute to the fibrotic reactions in @entity5641 .

title: Occurrence of matrix metalloproteinases and @entity2843 in @entity378 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heat failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity5641 :: ('MESH:D010998', 'Disease') :: ['TB pleuritis', 'pleuritis']

entities_list: @entity2843 :: ('7076', 'Gene') :: ['TIMP', 'TIMP-1', 'tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous', 'TB']

answer: @entity5641 :: (MESH:D010998,Disease) :: ['pleuritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stereotactic radiosurgery has proved to be an effective alternative to microsurgical resection in treatment of @entity5513 . Still, microsurgery is considered by many to be the therapy of choice. In case of recurrence microsurgical resection is much more difficult because of scarring and has a higher risk of complications. Therefore in cases of recurrence the role of radiosurgery needed to be evaluated. @entity1 AND METHODS: From April 1992 to July 1997 135 @entity1 suffering from @entity5513 were treated at the Neurosurgical Department of the University Medical School of Graz by means of the gamma-Knife. 12 @entity1 had recurrence after a single or several microsurgical resections. The age distribution was between 38 and 71 years with a mean of 57 years. The diameter of the @entity5 varied between 10.5 and 31.2 mm. RESULTS: In all 12 cases the @entity5 could be inactivated biologically in a mean follow-up period of 58.8 months by means of stereotactic radiosurgery. @entity5 shrinkage was achieved in 3 cases (25%), central necrotic areas were observed in 8 cases (67%). No additional @entity129 occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Stereotactic radiosurgery has proven to be a safe and effective treatment option instead of repeated microsurgery. Stereotactic radiosurgery should be considered as the therapy of choice in cases of recurrent @entity5513 .

title: [Radiosurgery of recurrent XXXX or: the elegant solution of a surgical problem?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neuromas', 'acoustic neuroma']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve palsies']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['acoustic neurinoma']


abstract: Although the frequency of smell disorders after the operations of the anterior communicating @entity438 depends to a large degree on the used surgical approach, several independent of surgery factors may contribute to the postoperative smell tests outcome. THE AIM OF OUR STUDIES: The evaluation of the sense of smell in @entity1 who underwent the operation of @entity438 using pterional approach. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the retrospective studies the results of smell test of the group of 21 @entity1 operated for @entity438 and 21 healthy volunteers of control group were compared. The @entity1 suffering from neurodegenerative, @entity209 , as well as those with rhinoscopic symptoms of rhinosinusitis and with decreased nasal potency confirmed by anterior rhinomanometry were excluded from the study. RESULTS: During the operations it was possible to anatomically retain olfactory nerves in all operated @entity1 . @entity4838 (severe @entity9905 and @entity4838 ) were detected in 1 (4.7%) @entity1 of the control group and in 6 (28.5%) @entity1 of postoperative group. The mean composite olfactory score in @entity9909 test of the postoperative group was 4.53, and in the control group 5.47 points. The difference did not reach statistic significance (Mann-Whitney test, p = 0.068). CONCLUSIONS: Although pterional approach to anterior communicating artery is relatively low traumatic to olfactory tract, the @entity510 may have an unfavorable effect on postoperative olfactory nerve functioning. Considering the fact, that in spite of thorough examination of the @entity1 , we were not able to exclude from the studied groups all the @entity1 with preoperatively impaired smell, it seems reasonable to perform similar smell test studies in the prospective way.

title: [The evaluation of @entity4838 after the operation of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity4838 :: ('MESH:D000857', 'Disease') :: ['Severe smell disorders', 'anosmia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic and endocrynological disorders']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm', 'artery aneurysm']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm']


abstract: This prospective, double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled trial was performed to evaluate the effect of preincisional scalp infiltration with 0.25% @entity1341 on the @entity282 perception and analgesic requirement of @entity1 undergoing elective supratentorial craniotomy. Twenty @entity1 ( @entity1341 group) received scalp infiltration with 25 mL of 0.25% @entity1341 followed by intravenous 5 mL of saline as placebo 5 minutes before incision, and another 21 @entity1 ( @entity3575 group) received scalp infiltration with a similar volume of 0.9% saline solution followed by 2 microg/kg of intravenous @entity3575 5 minutes before incision. Following standard anesthesia technique, basal, preincisional, and postincisional hemodynamic data were recorded. @entity282 was assessed at 1, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours by using a 10-cm visual analog scale. @entity3522 was used as rescue analgesic in the postoperative period. Results showed rescue analgesic was required only during the first 12 hours. In each group the same number of @entity1 needed rescue analgesia, but @entity1341 delayed this requirement 105 (30-720; median [range]) minutes compared with 60 (15-720; median [range]) minutes for the @entity3575 group (P = 0.13). But there was no difference in the amount of analgesic consumed at different time intervals. Six of 20 @entity1 in the @entity1341 group required rescue analgesic at the end of 1 hour compared with 9 of 21 @entity3575 @entity1 (P = 0.61). At 6 hours, the fraction of @entity1 who required rescue analgesia were 7 of 20 and 11 of 21, respectively (P = 0.44). In conclusion, @entity1341 preincision scalp infiltration did not have any significant effect on postcraniotomy @entity158 and analgesic requirement. However, @entity1341 may delay the requirement of the first analgesic dose.

title: Preincision 0.25% XXXX scalp infiltration and postcraniotomy @entity158 : a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['Diclofenac sodium']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: We report a case of a 24-year-old @entity1 who presented with @entity490 , a tense abdomen, and rebound tenderness. A vague, ill-defined mass was palpated, and an ultrasound examination revealed a @entity5409 in the left adnexal region. At laparotomy, a slightly dilated fallopian tube was seen and excised. Light microscopy showed @entity5274 , with a diffuse infiltrate of foam cells in the lamina propria. There were no associated inflammatory cells. The foam cells were positive for @entity469 and negative for @entity1325 / @entity1326 . Discontinuous areas of the epithelium also showed epithelial cells with "foamy cytoplasm." These cells were negative for @entity469 but positive for @entity1325 / @entity1326 . To our knowledge, this represents the first case of a fallopian tube xanthelasma that shows a resemblance to lesions encountered in the stomach. @entity5274 must be distinguished from @entity9414 , which is associated with an inflammatory cell infiltrate, often including giant cells. However, this lesion may share pathogenetic similarities with @entity9414 , since both processes are mediated by inflammation.

title: Xanthelasma or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesion']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['Fallopian tube xanthelasma', 'intact fallopian tube mucosa']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity9414 :: ('MESH:D012488', 'Disease') :: ['xanthogranulomatous salpingitis']

answer: @entity5274 :: (MESH:D005184,Disease) :: ['xanthoma of the fallopian tube']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In 2008 Fiji implemented a nationwide @entity1082 ) vaccine campaign targeting all @entity1 aged 9-12 years through the existing school-based immunisation program. Parents of vaccine-eligible @entity1 were asked to provide written consent for vaccination. The purpose of this study was to describe parents' knowledge, experiences and satisfaction with the campaign, the extent to which information needs for vaccine decision-making were met, and what factors were associated with vaccine consent. METHODS: Following vaccine introduction, a cross-sectional telephone survey was conducted with parents of vaccine-eligible @entity1 from randomly selected schools, stratified by educational district. Factors related to vaccine consent were explored using Generalised Estimating Equations. RESULTS: There were 560 vaccine-eligible @entity1 attending the participating 19 schools at the time of the campaign. Among these, 313 parents could be contacted, with 293 agreeing to participate (93.6  %). Almost 80  % of @entity1 reported having consented to HPV vaccination (230/293, 78.5  %). Reported knowledge of @entity5 and HPV prior to the campaign was very low. Most respondents reported that they were satisfied with their access to information to make an informed decision about HPV vaccination (196/293, 66.9  %). and this was very strongly associated with provision of consent. Despite their young age, the vaccine-eligible @entity1 were often involved in the discussion and decision-making. Most consenting parents were satisfied with the campaign and their decision to vaccinate, with almost 90  % indicating they would consent to future HPV vaccination. However, negative media reports about the vaccine campaign created @entity911 and concern. Local health staff were cited as a trusted source of information to guide decision-making. Just over half of the @entity1 who withheld consent cited vaccine safety fears as the primary reason (23/44, 52.3  %). CONCLUSION: This is the first reported experience of HPV introduction in a Pacific Island nation. In a challenging environment with limited community knowledge of @entity5 , media controversy and a short lead-time for community education, Fiji has implemented an HPV vaccine campaign that was largely acceptable to the community and achieved a high level of participation. Community sensitisation and education is critical and should include a focus on the local health workforce and the vaccine target group.

title: Implementation of a national school-based XXXX ) vaccine campaign in Fiji: knowledge, vaccine acceptability and information needs of parents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['HPV and cervical cancer', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human Papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['Human Papillomavirus (HPV']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and the performance of @entity4555 ( @entity4555 ) tests in a heterogeneous group of @entity1 and to investigate the sociodemographic characteristics, patterns of referral, clinical manifestations and outcomes among these @entity1 . The medical charts of 725 @entity1 referred to a central coagulation laboratory during a 12-month period for @entity4555 were reviewed. The data collected included demographic characteristics, the specialty of the referring physicians, the clinical indications for ordering the test, and the influence of the test results on the diagnosis and the treatment approach. Special attention was paid to identifying clinical manifestations known to be associated with antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA). A positive test was defined by abnormal results obtained by at least two techniques from the reagents used and confirmed by a platelet-neutralising procedure. Chi(2) and t-tests were used for independent samples. Fifty-six @entity1 (7.7%) were found to have @entity4555 . Rheumatologists and gynaecologists emerged as the major contributors to this group. The presence of @entity4555 was significantly associated only with @entity1252 and @entity882 . The number of @entity1 treated with antiaggregants or anticoagulants tripled following the test results. A positive dRVVT test strongly correlated with elevated anticardiolipin antibodies. We concluded that @entity4555 tests are ordered by a variety of physicians but yield better results when ordered by rheumatologists and gynaecologists. In this heterogeneous cohort, it was most useful in the investigation of @entity882 and suggests a pathogenetic role in this condition. The dRVVT test correlates most closely with elevated anticardiolipin antibodies.

title: Antiphospholipid antibodies in a heterogeneous group of XXXX : experience from a central laboratory.

entities_list: @entity4555 :: ('MESH:C531622', 'Disease') :: ['lupus anticoagulant', 'LA']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Several characteristic morphological and functional differences distinguish arteries from veins. It was thought that hemodynamic forces shaped these differences; however, increasing evidence suggests that morphogenetic programs play a central role in blood vessel differentiation. @entity1884 ( @entity1884 ) is a @entity455 characterized by the inappropriate fusion of arterioles with venules. The genes implicated in this disease, @entity20356 and @entity31973 , may be involved in defining the fundamental boundaries between arteries and veins. We previously showed that @entity19 lacking @entity20356 lost structural, molecular, and functional distinctions between arteries and veins. Here, we report that @entity19 lacking @entity31973 develop @entity455 and fail to confine intraembryonic hematopoiesis to arteries. In contrast to @entity20356 mutants, @entity31973 mutants do not show profound vessel dilation or downregulation of arterial @entity33592 . Finally, our data indicate that a failure in cardiac cushion formation observed in both strains may be secondary to the peripheral vasculature defect. The phenotypic similarities, yet reduced severity, implicates @entity31973 as an accessory coreceptor that specifically modulates @entity20356 signaling. We propose that @entity31973 and @entity20356 are necessary for the maintenance of distinct arterial-venous vascular beds and that attenuation of the @entity20356 signaling pathway is the precipitating event in the etiology of @entity1884 .

title: @entity455 in @entity19 lacking XXXX , a vascular-specific TGFbeta coreceptor.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dysplasia', 'arterial-venous malformations']

entities_list: @entity1884 :: ('MESH:D013683', 'Disease') :: ['HHT', 'Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia']

answer: @entity31973 :: (13805(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['endoglin']


abstract: The primary objectives of this study were to assess the efficacy and safety of Lys( @entity18752 ), Pro(B29) in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity6 and to compare Lys( @entity18752 ), Pro(B29) to currently available regular @entity2690 with respect to quality of life. This study was designed as an open-label, non-comparative one. The number of @entity1 enrolled in the trial was 39. At Visit 1 (week 0), blood samples for fasting, 1- and 2-hour postprandial blood @entity413 , and HbA1c were taken. At Visit 2 (week 6) and Visit 3 (week 12), fasting, 1- and 2-hour postprandial blood @entity413 , and HbA1c levels were measured again. There was no significant change in HbA1c, fasting blood @entity413 and 1- and 2-hour postprandial blood @entity413 levels. The 1- and 2-hour postprandial blood @entity413 excursions decreased significantly from Visit 1 to Visit 3. There were no serious adverse events during the study. Half of the @entity1 had less @entity4053 with LysPro @entity2690 , while 25% had an increase in episodes. Thirty percent of @entity1 were more satisfied with LysPro @entity2690 than with the short-acting @entity2690 that they had previously used. In conclusion, LysPro therapy can be regarded as safe, since there were no unexpected adverse events and no changes in the usual physical parameters.

title: Safety and efficacy of [Lys( XXXX ), Pro(B29)]- @entity1 @entity2690 in @entity1 with @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity18752 :: (54069,Gene) :: ['B28']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We aimed to characterize genotype-phenotype correlations and establish baseline clinical data for @entity1897 caused by mutations in the @entity32852 ( @entity32852 ) gene. @entity32852 mutations are the second leading cause of @entity5108 . Recent research makes clinical trials for @entity1 with @entity32852 mutations a realistic possibility. However, the clinical severity varies with different mutations and natural history data on progression is sparse. We present cross-sectional data to begin to define the phenotypic spectrum and clinical baseline of @entity1 with these mutations. A cohort of @entity1 with @entity32852 gene mutations was identified in 13 centres of the @entity74 Consortium - Rare Disease Clinical Research Consortium (INC-RDCRC) between 2009 and 2012 and at Wayne State University between 1996 and 2009. @entity1 phenotypes were quantified by the @entity16 score version 1 or 2 and the @entity5108 paediatric scale outcome instruments. Genetic testing was performed in all @entity1 and/or in first- or second-degree relatives to document mutation in @entity32852 gene indicating diagnosis of @entity5108 . There were 103 @entity1 from 71 families with 47 different @entity32852 mutations with a mean age of 40 years (range 3-84 years). @entity1 and mutations were separated into infantile, childhood and adult-onset groups. The infantile onset group had higher @entity16 score version 1 or 2 and slower nerve conductions than the other groups, and severity increased with age. Twenty-three @entity1 had no family history of @entity5108 . Sixty-one @entity1 wore foot/ankle orthoses, 19 required walking assistance or support, and 10 required wheelchairs. There was @entity393 in 21 and @entity1635 in 17. Forty-two @entity1 did not begin walking until after 15 months of age. Half of the infantile onset @entity1 then required ambulation aids or wheelchairs for ambulation. Our results demonstrate that virtually all @entity32852 mutations are associated with specific phenotypes. Early onset (infantile and childhood) phenotypes likely represent developmentally impaired myelination, whereas the adult-onset phenotype reflects @entity528 without antecedent @entity17 . Data from this cohort of @entity1 will provide the baseline data necessary for clinical trials of @entity1 with @entity5108 caused by @entity32852 gene mutations.

title: Genotype-phenotype characteristics and baseline natural history of heritable @entity16 caused by mutations in the XXXX gene.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity5108 :: ('MESH:D002607', 'Disease') :: ['Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1B', 'Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1', 'Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Inherited Neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['axonal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity32852 :: ('4359', 'Gene') :: ['myelin protein zero', 'MPZ']

answer: @entity32852 :: (4359,Gene) :: ['MPZ']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In broiler @entity1573 , feed additives, including prebiotics, are widely used to improve gut health and to stimulate performance. Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) are hydrolytic degradation products of arabinoxylans that can be fermented by the gut microbiota. In the current study it was aimed to analyze the prebiotic properties of XOS when added to the broiler diet. Administration of XOS to @entity1573 , on top of a @entity3505 /rye-based diet, significantly improved the feed conversion ratio. XOS significantly increased villus length in the ileum. It also significantly increased numbers of lactobacilli in the colon and @entity8466 in the caeca. Moreover, the number of gene copies encoding the key bacterial enzyme for @entity4876 production, @entity6854 : @entity598 CoA-transferase, was significantly increased in the caeca of @entity1573 administered XOS. In this group of @entity1573 , at species level, @entity10265 and Anaerostipes butyraticus were significantly increased in abundance in the colon and caecum, respectively. In vitro fermentation of XOS revealed cross-feeding between @entity10265 and A. butyraticus. @entity880 , produced by @entity10265 during XOS fermentation, was utilized by the @entity4876 -producing Anaerostipes species. These data show the beneficial effects of XOS on broiler performance when added to the feed, which potentially can be explained by stimulation of @entity4876 -producing bacteria through cross-feeding of lactate and subsequent effects of @entity4876 on gastrointestinal function.

title: The effects of xylo-oligosaccharides on performance and microbiota in broiler XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4876 :: ('MESH:D002087', 'Chemical') :: ['butyrate']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity8466 :: ('MESH:D003015', 'Disease') :: ['Clostridium cluster XIVa']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactate']

entities_list: @entity6854 :: ('MESH:C024343', 'Chemical') :: ['butyryl-CoA']

entities_list: @entity10265 :: ('47770', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus crispatus', 'L. crispatus']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chickens']


abstract: The correlation between genetic variation and recombination rate was investigated in a structured @entity19 population. @entity377 sequence data from 19 autosomal DNA loci from eight inbred strains of @entity19 ( @entity19 ) sampled from three major subspecies were analyzed. The recombination rate was estimated from the comparison of genetic and physical map distances between markers flanking a 10-cM region of each locus. The strains were categorized into four groups (subpopulations) based on geography. By partitioning the genetic diversity into within-group and among-group variation, we detected a positive correlation between the recombination rate and @entity377 diversity within groups. The level of @entity377 differentiation among groups (G(ST)) showed a negative correlation with the rate of recombination. There was no significant correlation between recombination rate and @entity377 diversity when data from different subpopulations were pooled. No correlation was detected between recombination rate and @entity377 divergence of @entity19 and M. spicilegus. These patterns deviate from the strict neutral expectation under the constant @entity377 substitution rate, and they are likely to have been formed either by a hitchhiking effect of positively selected mutants or by background selection of deleterious mutants occurring in a subdivided population. Our series of comparisons show that because a real population always has some structure, incorporation of its information is important in detecting non-neutral evolution.

title: Genetic variation versus recombination rate in a structured population of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['M. musculus', 'mouse', 'Mus musculus']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide', 'Nucleotide']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity68904 ( @entity48076 ) as an @entity5139 flame retardant and plasticizer has been widely used in industrial and household products. It not only was detected in residential indoor air and dust, surface and drinking water, but also in @entity1 plasma and breast milk, and tissue samples of liver, kidneys and brain from rodents. @entity48076 is classified as carcinogenic category 2 and toxic for reproduction category 1B. Sufficient evidence from experimental animals indicated carcinogenicity of @entity48076 in the liver, and kidneys as well as cell loss in the brain. However, the underlying mechanisms of @entity48076 -induced hepatotoxicity are mostly unknown. We investigated the in vitro effects of @entity48076 as well as @entity48076 -induced cell growth in the L02 and HepG2 cells through the @entity10412 / @entity584 / @entity3470 pathway. We found that @entity48076 reduced cell viability of these cell lines, induced the cell growth arrest, upregulated mRNA and protein levels of @entity4093 , and attenuated the @entity10412 / @entity584 / @entity3470 pathway. However, growth arrest of the L02 and HepG2 cells were aggravated after inhibiting the @entity4093 expression with @entity35984 . The findings above suggested that @entity48076 induced the cell growth arrest of L02 and HepG2 cells via attenuation of the @entity4093 -independent @entity10412 / @entity584 / @entity3470 pathway. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: XXXX -induced cell growth arrest via attenuation of @entity4093 -independent @entity10412 / @entity584 / @entity3470 pathway.

entities_list: @entity68904 :: ('CHEBI:35037', 'Chemical') :: ['Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate']

entities_list: @entity5139 :: ('D010755', 'Chemical') :: ['organophosphorus']

answer: @entity68904 :: (CHEBI:35037,Chemical) :: ['Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 norovirus (HuNoV) is the leading cause of @entity6766 with an increasing number of outbreaks associated with leafy greens. Because HuNoV cannot be routinely cultured, culturable @entity21063 ), @entity19 norovirus (MNV), porcine sapovirus (SaV) and Tulane virus (TV) have been used as surrogates. These viruses are generated in different cell lines as infected cell lysates which may differentially affect their stability. Our objective was to uniformly compare the survival of these viruses on postharvest lettuce, while evaluating the effect of cell lysates on their survival. Viruses were semi-purified from cell lysates by ultrafiltration or ultracentrifugation followed by re-suspension in sterile water. Virus survival was examined before and after semi-purifications: in suspension at @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) until day 28 and on lettuce leaves stored at @entity1054 for 3 days, or 4   C for 7 and 14 days. In suspension, both methods significantly enhanced the survival of all viruses. On lettuce, the survival of MNV in cell lysates was similar to that in water, under all storage conditions. In contrast, the survival of @entity21063 , SaV and TV was differentially enhanced, under different storage conditions, by removing cell lysates. Following semi-purification viruses showed similar persistence to each other on lettuce stored under all conditions, with the exception of ultracentrifugation-purified @entity21063 which showed higher inactivation rate than MNV at 4    C for 14 days. In conclusion, the presence of cell lysates in viral suspensions underestimated the survivability of these surrogate viruses while viral semi-purifications revealed a similar survivability on postharvest lettuce leaves.

title: XXXX , @entity19 Norovirus, Porcine Sapovirus and Tulane Virus Survival on Postharvest Lettuce.

entities_list: @entity21063 :: ('11978', 'Species') :: ['FCV', 'feline calicivirus (FCV']

entities_list: @entity6766 :: ('MESH:D005517', 'Disease') :: ['foodborne illnesses']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'room temperature']

answer: @entity21063 :: (11978,Species) :: ['Feline Calicivirus']


abstract: Background. @entity551 ( @entity551 ) is an important nonmotor manifestation of @entity191 ( @entity191 ). Changes in cerebrovascular reactivity may contribute to this manifestation and can be monitored using transcranial Doppler. Objective. To identify possible changes in cerebrovascular reactivity in @entity1 with @entity551 . Methods. Twenty-two individuals were selected and divided into three groups: with and without @entity551 and controls. Transcranial Doppler was used to assess basal mean blood flow velocity, postapnea mean blood flow velocity, percentage increase in mean blood flow velocity, and cerebrovascular reactivity as measured by the breath-holding index. Results. @entity191 @entity1 had lower values of basal velocity (p = 0.019), postapnea velocity (p = 0.0015), percentage increase in velocity (p = 0.039), and breath-holding index (p = 0.04) than the controls. @entity1 with @entity551 had higher values of basal velocity (p = 0.09) and postapnea velocity (p = 0.19) but lower values of percentage increase in velocity (p = 0.22) and breath-holding index (p = 0.32) than @entity1 without @entity551 . Conclusions. @entity191 @entity1 present with abnormalities in a compensatory mechanism that regulates cerebral blood flow. @entity551 could be an indicator of these abnormalities.

title: Abnormal Cerebrovascular Reactivity in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Orthostatic hypotension', 'OH']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's Disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The serotonergic system plays a crucial role in the energy balance regulation. Energy balance is mediated by food intake and caloric expenditure. Thus, the present study investigated the mechanisms that might be associated with @entity905 treatment-induced @entity353 . @entity35 male @entity35 pups received daily injections with subcutaneous @entity905 (Fx-group) or vehicle solution (Ct-group) from day 1 until 21  days of age. Several analyses were conducted to verify the involvement of mitochondria in @entity353 . We found that body weight in the Fx-group was lower compared to control. In association to lower fat mass in the Fx-group (25  %). Neither neonatal caloric intake nor food intake reveals significant differences. Evaluating caloric expenditure (locomotor activity and temperature after stimulus), we did not observe differences in locomotor activity. However, we observed that the Fx group had a higher capacity to maintain body temperature in a cold environment compared with the Ct-group. Since brown adipose tissue-(BAT) is specialized for heat production and the rate of heat production is related to mitochondrial function, we found that Fx-treatment increases respiration by 36  %, although after addition of @entity3006 respiration returned to Ct-levels. Examining ROS production we observe that Fx-group produced less ROS than control group. Evaluating uncoupling protein (UCP) expression we found that Fx-treatment increases the expression by 23  %. Taken together, our results suggest that modulation of @entity750 system results in positive modulation of UCP and mitochondrial bioenergetics in brown fat tissue.

title: XXXX induces lean phenotype in @entity35 by increasing the brown/white adipose tissue ratio and UCP1 expression.

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity905 :: (MESH:D005473,Chemical) :: ['Fluoxetine']


abstract: Selective posterior rhizotomy is effective for relieving @entity508 associated with @entity306 . In current techniques dorsal roots from @entity6812 to S1/S2 are selectively divided. With transoperative electromyography (EMG) significant sensory loss has been prevented, but postoperative @entity2421 following excessive reduction of the fusimotor drive is still of concern for surgeons and therapists. To decrease the volume of deafferentiated rootlets we proposed a limited selective posterior rhizotomy (LPSR) that limits the extent of the surgery to three (L4-S1) or two (L5-S1) dorsal roots. We present the results of two group of @entity508 @entity1 ; group 1 (n = 59, 32 quadriplegic and 27 diplegic) who had a L4-S1 LPSR, and group 2 (n = 12) in whom L5 and S1 were selectively rhizotomized. Posture, passive movilization, range of joint movement, and muscle tone in hip flexors, adductors, @entity1795 were graded according to the method proposed by Sindou and Jeanmonod. In all groups these was a significant reduction of the mentioned parameters (Friedman test p < 0.001) at 6, 12 and 18 months after surgery. The preoperative and postoperative ability to ambulate was classified into five grades. In all groups there was a significant (chi 2 between p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) improvement in the quality of their gait. A third of the @entity1 achieved some form of independent ambulation. Our results suggest that extensive selective deafferentation of the lower limbs is not an absolute requisite for reducing muscle tone or achieving functional improvement in @entity508 @entity1 .

title: Limited (L4-S1, L5-S1) selective dorsal rhizotomy for reducing XXXX in @entity306 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity', 'spastic']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity1795 :: ('MESH:D052582', 'Disease') :: ['leg flexors and plantar flexors']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity508 :: (MESH:D009128,Disease) :: ['spasticity']


abstract: The @entity1 was a 51-year-old @entity1 who had been prescribed @entity2049 for right third-branch trigeminal @entity9 . He had stopped taking the medication after the @entity9 resolved. When the @entity9 recurred, he resumed medication, and about 1 month later he developed @entity221 , @entity1295 , cervical @entity3329 , generalized skin flushing, @entity4 and @entity24423 , and was admitted to Ichikawa General Hospital, Tokyo Dental College. Oral findings showed @entity14705 . Routine laboratory examination revealed @entity491 and @entity409 . Human herpesvirus 6 antibody titer remarkably increased during development of @entity203 . These findings led to a diagnosis of @entity56 . @entity2049 was discontinued, and @entity617 (30 mg/day) was started and tapered based on improvement of symptoms. Because skin symptoms recurred after he was discharged 15 days after admission, the dose of @entity617 was increased and the symptoms finally disappeared. The @entity1 has experienced no further recurrence.

title: A case of @entity56 due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity14705 :: ('MESH:D007967', 'Disease') :: ['reddening and erosion of the buccal mucosa']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['facial edema']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity203 :: ('MESH:D003875', 'Disease') :: ['eruptions']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbamazepine', 'carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome']

entities_list: @entity24423 :: ('MESH:D019557', 'Disease') :: ['perioral vesicles']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity2049 :: (MESH:D002220,Chemical) :: ['carbamazepine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The subject of post-conflict mental health lacks studies that are nationally representative or large enough to allow robust examination of levels of distress according to residency in geographical zones of conflict and ethnic minority status. We undertook a nationwide study in @entity3595 Lanka to address these issues. METHODS: We used tablet devices to survey 20   632 @entity1 across 18 of 25 districts in @entity3595 Lanka, of which nine were purposefully selected and nine randomly selected districts. Based on their exposure to war and levels of population displacement, these districts were classified as being in the severe, moderate, or minimal conflict zones. Trained local fieldworkers did private interviews with the @entity1 in the local language; responses were entered directly into the tablet devices. The questions assessed exposure to a wide range of stresses, including ongoing adversities, threat or protection issues, and service access factors, and respondents provided categorical responses (yes/no) to a list of items. We used the 25-item Hopkins Symptom Checklist to measure @entity308 and @entity148 in @entity1 . We used multivariate analysis and calculated population-attributable fractions to estimate potential improvement in mental distress if modifiable factors were addressed. FINDINGS: Our results showed a stepwise increase in symptoms of @entity308 (10%, 33%, 40%) and @entity148 (13%, 23%, 23%) across minimal, moderate, and severe conflict zones, respectively. Membership of an ethnic minority group was associated with @entity308 (Tamil odds ratio [OR] 2  4 [95% CI 1  8-3  1], other ethnic minority OR 2  7 [2  1-3  6]) and @entity148 (Tamil OR 1  5 [1  1-2  0], other ethnic minority OR 1  5 [1  2-1  8]). Other fixed characteristics associated with @entity308 and @entity148 were older age (both @entity308 and @entity148 ; OR 2  7 [95% CI 2  0-3  7] for @entity148 and 2  3 [1  7-3  0] for @entity308 ), being married ( @entity148 only; OR 1  5 [95% CI 1  1-2  1]), and time spent in camps for internally displaced @entity1 ( @entity148 only; @entity16135 [95% CI 1  0-1  9]). Modifiable characteristics were threat or protection issues ( @entity308 @entity20786 [95% CI 1  2-2  8], @entity148 @entity20786 [1  3-2  6]) and scarcity of food ( @entity308 @entity16135 [1  2-1  6], @entity148 @entity16135 [1  2-2  7]), loss of job (OR 1  2 [95% CI 1  2-1  4] for @entity148 ), and proximity to army camps ( @entity13562 [95% CI 1  2-2  2] for @entity308 ). Allaying of safety concerns had the potential to reduce @entity308 by 53% and @entity148 by 57%, with other factors (removal of army camps from proximity and addressing @entity6766 , @entity393 and threat/protection issues) making smaller contributions to a reduction in @entity308 and @entity148 . INTERPRETATION: Our findings offer a basis for detecting high-risk groups and provide directions in devising policies and programmes aimed at alleviating @entity458 in @entity3595 Lanka. Restoration of safety seems to be crucial to mental health recovery. FUNDING: Australian National University-Department of Immigration Border Protection Collaborative Research Program.

title: Associations of mental distress with residency in conflict zones, ethnic minority status, and potentially modifiable social factors following conflict in XXXX Lanka: a nationwide cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity6766 :: ('MESH:D005517', 'Disease') :: ['food scarcity']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of jobs']

answer: @entity3595 :: (6717,Gene) :: ['Sri']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The treatment of lymph node @entity3 involving the carotid artery is controversial. The aim of the present study was to determine the outcomes of @entity135 @entity1 with radiographic carotid artery involvement in neck @entity3 . A total of 27 @entity1 with @entity135 and radiologically diagnosed advanced @entity3 involving the common carotid artery or internal carotid artery were enrolled. All @entity1 underwent a primary or salvage neck dissection and surgical carotid peeling. The oncological outcome and survival of all @entity1 were analyzed. Loco-regional control was observed in 13 of the 27 @entity1 (48.1%). During follow-up, five @entity1 (18.5%) developed second primaries and 11 (40.7%) developed distant @entity3 . The survival time was poor independent of regional control. The median overall survival was 1.55 years and disease-free survival was 0.71 year. Radiographic carotid artery involvement in neck @entity3 in @entity135 appears to correlate with a poor long-term prognosis, with a high rate of distant @entity3 despite loco-regional control.

title: Clinical impact of radiographic carotid artery involvement in neck @entity3 from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']