abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of peroral endoscopic full-thickness myotomy (fPOEM) for the treatment of sigmoid-type @entity1318 . METHODS: From August 2011 to June 2014, a total of 23 sigmoid-type @entity1318 @entity1 received fPOEM at our hospital. Among these @entity1 , 19 had sigmoid-type 1 @entity1318 and the other four had sigmoid-type 2 @entity1318 . Clinical data of general characteristics, procedure-related parameters and adverse events, symptom relief, and manometry outcomes before and during the periodic follow-up were retrospectively collected and analyzed. RESULTS: All the @entity1 successfully received fPOEM, with a mean procedure time of 67.6   min; six @entity1 received a conventional fPOEM whereas the other 17 received a modified fPOEM. During a median follow-up of 18 months, the median Eckardt score decreased obviously (pre-POEM vs. post-POEM, 7.0 vs. 1.0, P<0.05), the mean lower esophageal sphincter pressures and 4s integrated relaxation pressure decreased (pre-POEM vs. post-POEM, 34.78  4.51 vs. 11.50  2.56   mmHg and 29.52  3.67 vs. 10.61  1.54   mmHg, P<0.01), and the esophageal diameter decreased (pre-POEM vs. post-POEM, 58.2  11.6 vs. 37.5  7.3   mm, P<0.05). Overall treatment success was achieved in 95.6% of the @entity1 (22/23), and morphological improvement was observed in 95% (19/20) of the @entity1 . In 10 @entity1 (43.5%) complications were encountered, including gas-related complications, mucosal perforation, and @entity354 . There was no significant difference in terms of efficacy between conventional fPOEM and modified fPOEM, but modified fPOEM may reduce the occurrence of gas-related complications. CONCLUSION: fPOEM is feasible, safe, and effective for the treatment of sigmoid-type @entity1318 . A modified fPOEM may reduce the occurrence of gas-related complications. Yet, further experiences and long-term results are warranted.

title: Peroral endoscopic full-thickness myotomy for the treatment of sigmoid-type XXXX : outcomes with a minimum follow-up of 12 months.

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['reflux esophagitis']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['achalasia']


abstract: AIM: To assess the efficacy of intravenous @entity786 pulse therapy for refractory @entity29 ( @entity29 ). METHODS: We included in our cohort eight @entity1 with (moderate/severe) steroid refractory @entity29 (4 with @entity31 and 4 with @entity30 ). They all received 6 cycles of intravenous @entity786 (800 mg) per month. RESULTS: @entity1 entered into remission after the second/third @entity786 pulse. Disease activity decreased. There were no side effects and @entity137 . All the @entity1 went into long lasting remission. All @entity30 @entity1 and 3 of 4 @entity31 @entity1 achieved complete remission. One @entity1 with @entity31 showed an impressive clinical response but did not enter into remission. For the maintenance, @entity1 with @entity30 were treated with @entity1499 (15 mg/wk) and @entity1 with @entity31 were treated with @entity500 (2.5 mg/kg body weight/d). CONCLUSION: Remission was maintained in all @entity1 for 6 mo on the average. The drug was well tolerated. These findings suggest that aggressive immunosuppressive therapy may be useful in some refractory @entity1 and further controlled study should be considered in order to fully evaluate this type of treatment as a potential therapy for @entity29 .

title: Pulse @entity786 therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: @entity2753 is a common complication of @entity1504 or surgery. An evaluation should be undertaken to determine whether cerebral salt wasting (CSW) or inappropriate secretion of @entity3488 is present as a cause. Since the treatment principles are completely different in the two pathological states, differential diagnosis is very important. CSW is defined as the renal loss of @entity1372 leading to @entity2753 and decreased extracellular fluid volume. In the literature, it has been noted that mineralocorticoid administration can be useful in CSW cases. We herein present an 11-year-old @entity1 who developed hyponatremic seizures after @entity5 resection. He was diagnosed with CSW on the basis of high urinary @entity1372 excretion and increased urine output, together with signs and symptoms of @entity2700 . Despite intensive fluid and salt therapy, we were unable to decrease the urinary output. Therefore, @entity7842 therapy was administered and his urinary output and @entity1372 excretion were decreased and his serum @entity1372 level was normalized. In conclusion, in addition to fluid and salt replacement, mineralocorticoid supplementation also seems to be a safe and effective treatment for CSW.

title: XXXX treatment in a @entity1 with severe cerebral salt wasting.

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial tumor']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial disease']

entities_list: @entity7842 :: ('MESH:D005438', 'Chemical') :: ['fludrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia', 'Hyponatremia']

entities_list: @entity3488 :: ('551', 'Gene') :: ['antidiuretic hormone']

answer: @entity7842 :: (MESH:D005438,Chemical) :: ['Fludrocortisone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess antianginal efficacy and possible adverse haemodynamic effects of combination treatment with @entity1481 and @entity3988 in @entity1 with @entity5749 . DESIGN: Double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial of four weeks duration. SETTING: Outpatient department of two Indian hospitals. SUBJECTS: 64 male @entity1 with @entity5749 , uncontrolled on @entity3988 alone. INTERVENTIONS: @entity3988 180 mg and @entity1481 60 mg, or @entity3988 180 mg and placebo daily. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Change in exercise time to 1 mm ST segment @entity308 . RESULTS: 33 @entity1 (55%) had no exercise induced @entity951 at 3 mm ST segment @entity308 at inclusion in the study (silent ischaemia). Intention to treat analysis showed that of 32 @entity1 in each treatment group, the number (%) of @entity1 responding to @entity1481 compared to placebo was: for @entity2142 , 28 (87.5) v 15 (46.9), p < 0.001; for exercise time to 1 mm ST segment @entity308 , 21 (65.6) v 9 (28.1), p < 0.003; for exercise time to @entity951 , 12 (37.5) v 5 (15.6), p < 0.05; and for maximum work at peak exercise, 17 (53.1) v 8 (25), p < 0.02. Compared to placebo, there was net improvement with @entity1481 in mean @entity2142 of 4.8/ week (95% confidence interval (CI) 7.5 to 2.1; p < 0.002); in mean exercise times at 1 mm ST segment @entity308 of 94.2 seconds (95% CI 182.8 to 5.6; p < 0.05), and at onset of @entity951 of 113.1 seconds (95% CI 181.6 to 44.6; p < 0.02); and in mean maximum work at peak exercise of 1.4 metabolic equivalents (95% CI 2.4 to 0.3; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity5749 uncontrolled with @entity3988 had a clinically important improvement after combination treatment with @entity1481 , without adverse haemodynamic events or increased side effects.

title: Combination treatment with @entity1481 and @entity3988 in stable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['stable angina']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem', 'Diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity1481 :: ('MESH:D014292', 'Chemical') :: ['trimetazidine']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['anginal attacks']

answer: @entity951 :: (MESH:D000787,Disease) :: ['angina pectoris']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Acute exercise increases @entity413 uptake in skeletal muscle by an insulin-independent mechanism. In the period after exercise insulin sensitivity to increase @entity413 uptake is enhanced. The molecular mechanisms underpinning this phenomenon are poorly understood, but appear to involve an increased cell surface abundance of @entity3240 . While increased proximal insulin signaling does not seem to mediate this effect, elevated phosphorylation of @entity54807 , a downstream target of both insulin ( @entity1994 ) and exercise (AMPK) signaling, appears to play a role. The main purpose of this study was to determine whether AMPK activation increases skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity. We found that prior AICAR stimulation of wild-type @entity19 muscle @entity1720 to stimulate @entity413 uptake. However, this was not observed in @entity19 with reduced or ablated AMPK activity in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, prior AICAR stimulation enhanced insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of @entity54807 at Thr(649) and Ser(711) in wild-type muscle only. These phosphorylation events were positively correlated with @entity413 uptake. Our results provide evidence to support that AMPK is sufficient to increase skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity. Moreover, @entity54807 phosphorylation may facilitate the effect of prior AMPK activation to enhance @entity413 uptake in response to insulin.

title: Prior AICAR stimulation @entity1720 in XXXX skeletal muscle in an AMPK-dependent manner.

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['increases insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3 causes most @entity5 related mortality but the mechanisms governing metastatic dissemination are poorly defined. @entity3 involves egression of @entity5 cells from the @entity5 , their survival in circulation and colonization at the secondary sites. Cancer cell egression from the @entity5 is the least defined process of @entity3 as experimental @entity3 models directly seed @entity5 cells in circulation, thus bypassing this crucial step. Here, we developed a spontaneous @entity3 model that retains the egression step of @entity3 . By repeated in vivo passaging of the poorly metastatic @entity2 (3LL) cells, we generated a cell line (p-3LL) that readily metastasizes to lungs and liver from subcutaneous (s.c.) @entity5 . Interestingly, when injected intravenously, 3LL and p-3LL cells showed a similar frequency of @entity3 . This suggests enhanced egression of p-3LL cells may underlie the enhanced metastatic spread from @entity5 . Microarray analysis of 3LL and p-3LL cells as well as the @entity5 derived from these cells revealed altered expression of several genes including significant upregulation of a tight junction protein, @entity69378 . Increased expression of @entity69378 was confirmed in both p-3LL cells and @entity5 derived from these cells. Knockdown of @entity69378 expression in p-3LL cells by si-RNA significantly reduced their motility, invasiveness in vitro and @entity3 in vivo. Conversely, transient overexpression of @entity69378 in 3LL cells enhanced their motility. These results suggest an essential role for @entity69378 in promoting @entity2 @entity3 .

title: A spontaneous XXXX model reveals the significance of @entity69378 overexpression in @entity2 @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors', 'cancer', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lewis lung carcinoma', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Verbal language deteriorates in @entity195 , contributing to dramatic disturbances in the ability to communicate. The presence of language disturbances may be detected at earlier phases of the neurodegenerative process, like @entity73 ( @entity73 ). In daily verbal interactions, @entity1 mostly use literal language, but sometimes they employ non-literal language, which requires listeners to interpret messages beyond the plain meaning of the words and can be quite demanding. In the present study, we tested the hypotheses that @entity1 with @entity73 may have deficits in non-literal language, and these deficits are more pronounced than deficits in literal language. METHODS: @entity1 were recruited in a private memory clinic and senior universities. General cognitive evaluation included a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, the Mini-Mental State Examination, and the instrumental activities of daily living scale. Literal language was assessed with the semantic decision test, Token Test, and literal text comprehension test, and non-literal language with the proverbs comprehension, idiomatic expressions and non-literal text comprehension tests. RESULTS: Fifty-two @entity1 with @entity73 and 31 controls were recruited. @entity1 with @entity73 had lower scores in all complex language tests, both literal (Token Test, semantic decision and literal text) and non-literal (proverbs, idiomatic expressions, and non-literal text), than the controls; the difference in literal text score was marginally significant. As much as 69% of @entity73 @entity1 had deficits (performance below 1.5 SD of the mean) on at least one of the complex language tasks. Deficits were more frequent on the proverbs comprehension and semantic decision tests, and the deficits on these tests did not significantly differ from that on the Token Test. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity73 are hindered in understanding complex language, both literal and non-literal. In daily living, these @entity51 could compromise effective verbal interactions with the others. Amelioration of these deficits should be an important intervention target as part of a comprehensive rehabilitation strategy for @entity1 with @entity73 .

title: @entity51 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline', 'MCI', 'mild cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['complex language deficits']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['mild cognitive impairment']


abstract: In prior work we showed that a metallogelatinase is secreted from @entity235 @entity9600 cells and directly activated by exocytosed mast cell @entity70063 . The current work identifies the protease as a @entity235 homologue of progelatinase B (92-kDa gelatinase, @entity11799 ), determines the sites cleaved by @entity70063 , and explores the regulation of gelatinase expression in @entity9600 cells. To obtain a cDNA encoding the complete sequence of @entity9600 @entity11799 , a 2. 3-kilobase clone encoding progelatinase was isolated from a BR @entity9600 library. The sequenced cDNA predicts a 704- @entity3689 protein 80% identical to @entity1 progelatinase B. Regions thought to be critical for active site latency, such as the @entity2569 -containing propeptide sequence, PRCGVPD, and the catalytic domain sequence, HEFGHALGLDHSS, are entirely conserved. Cleavage of progelatinase B by purified @entity235 @entity70063 yielded an approximately 84-kDa product that contained two @entity2733 -terminal @entity3689 sequences, QTFEGDLKXH and EGDLKXHHND, which correspond to residues 89-98 and 92-101 of the cDNA predicted sequence, respectively. Thus, @entity70063 cleaves the catalytic domain of @entity11799 at the @entity815 88- @entity7647 89 and @entity815 91- @entity367 92 bonds. Like BR cells, the C2 line of @entity235 @entity9600 cells constitutively secrete progelatinase B which is activated by @entity70063 . By contrast, non-chymase-producing C1 cells secrete a @entity11799 (which remains in its proform) only in response to @entity4514 . Whereas @entity4514 stimulation of BR cells produced a approximately 15-fold increase in @entity11799 mRNA expression, @entity619 down-regulated its expression by approximately 5-fold. Thus, extracellular stimuli may regulate the amount of mast cell progelatinase B expressed by mast cells. These data further support a role for mast cell @entity70063 in tissue remodeling involving @entity11799 -mediated degradation of matrix proteins.

title: XXXX mast cell @entity70063 activates progelatinase B by cleaving the @entity815 88- @entity7647 89 and @entity815 91- @entity367 92 bonds of the catalytic domain.

entities_list: @entity9600 :: ('MESH:D034801', 'Disease') :: ['mastocytoma']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['Dog']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Executive dysfunctions are a key clinical feature of behavioural-variant @entity4943 (bvFTD). @entity51 are also found in @entity195 ( @entity195 ), making the differentiation between these two diseases difficult at times, particularly in the absence of extensive cognitive assessments. To address this issue, we developed the FRONTIER Executive Screen (FES), which combines three abbreviated measures of verbal fluency, inhibitory control and working memory. METHODS: We administered the FES to 28 @entity1 with @entity303 (14 bvFTD, 14 @entity195 ) matched for disease severity and 33 age-matched and education-matched healthy controls. We also administered traditional tests of executive function to establish the concurrent validity of the FES. RESULTS: Both @entity1 groups obtained lower FES scores (total and subscores) compared to controls. Correct classification into @entity1 or control groups was reached in over 90% of study @entity1 based on the FES total score. Only two @entity1 with bvFTD obtained FES scores within 2 SDs of the control group. Receiver operating characteristic analyses on the @entity1 groups showed that a cut-off FES total score of 7/15 achieved 71% sensitivity and 73% specificity for a diagnosis of bvFTD. In addition, the FES showed high correlations with traditional measures of executive function. CONCLUSIONS: The FES is a brief (5-10   min) bedside screening measure which is simple to administer and score, and demonstrates good discriminative validity to differentiate bvFTD from @entity195 . It is a useful addendum to general cognitive screening measures and can help with the differential diagnosis of @entity303 .

title: FRONTIER Executive Screen: a brief executive battery to differentiate XXXX and @entity195 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Such deficits']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['frontotemporal dementia']

answer: @entity4943 :: (MESH:D057180,Disease) :: ['frontotemporal dementia']


abstract: @entity11676 [ @entity11676 (GA)], a natural phytochemical, is known to have a variety of cellular functions including beneficial effects on @entity209 . However, the molecular mechanism by which GA exerts its beneficial effects is not known. Here we report that GA plays its role through the activation of @entity860 -activated protein kinase (AMPK) and by regulating mitochondrial function via the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-y coactivator1a ( @entity7111 ). @entity14075 ( @entity14075 ) knockdown significantly blunted GA's effect on @entity7111 activation and downstream genes, suggesting a critical role of the AMPK/ @entity14075 / @entity7111 pathway in GA's action. Moreover, diet-induced @entity28 @entity19 treated with GA showed significantly improved @entity413 and insulin homeostasis. In addition, the administration of GA protected diet-induced body @entity1017 without a change in food intake. Biochemical analyses revealed a marked activation of AMPK in the liver, muscle, and interscapular brown adipose tissue of the GA-treated @entity19 . Moreover, uncoupling protein 1 together with other genes related to energy expenditure was significantly elevated in the interscapular brown adipose tissue. Taken together, these results indicate that GA plays its beneficial metabolic roles by activating the AMPK/ @entity14075 / @entity7111 pathway and by changing the interscapular brown adipose tissue genes related to thermogenesis. Our study points out that targeting the activation of the AMPK/ @entity14075 / @entity7111 pathway by GA or its derivatives might be a potential therapeutic intervention for insulin resistance in @entity209 .

title: XXXX Regulates Body Weight and @entity413 Homeostasis Through AMPK Activation.

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases', 'metabolic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity11676 :: ('MESH:D005707', 'Chemical') :: ['3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid', 'Gallic acid']

answer: @entity11676 :: (MESH:D005707,Chemical) :: ['Gallic Acid']


abstract: CASE: A 73-year-old @entity1 with Dukes' C @entity188 , pT3N2bM0, stage IIIB, presented with voiding difficulties including poor stream and terminal dribbling for one   month. The @entity1 was under careful surveillance and had no postoperative recurrence. Physical examination revealed a palpable @entity75 (0.5   *   0.5   cm(2) ) at the @entity546 . He underwent urethroscopy, which showed a cauliflower lesion in the pendulous urethra. Transurethral resection was performed and histopathologic and immunochemical staining demonstrated a metastatic moderately differentiated @entity420 from the colorectal primary. OUTCOME: His voiding disorder improved significantly post-operation and he commenced second-line chemotherapy combined with regional radiotherapy. Follow-up urethrocystoscopy and abdominal computed tomography demonstrated no recurrence or @entity3 . His @entity5 marker remained within the normal range for 12   months. CONCLUSION: Urethral metastasis from primary @entity694 is extremely rare. This disease, with its various atypical presentations, presents a diagnostic challenge to the clinician. In @entity1 with recurrent or persistent lower urinary tract symptoms, further urologic workup including thorough history taking, physical examination, and imaging surveys is warranted.

title: Urethral Metastasis from XXXX : A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['irregular nodular lesion']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the rectum']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile-scrotal junction']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['urethral adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['Rectal Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: The major goal of this study was the identification of predictors for motor function and survival after irradiation alone for metastatic epidural @entity1745 (MESCC) from @entity320 . Ten variables (age, gender, performance status, number of involved vertebrae, pre-radiotherapy ambulatory status, further bone @entity3 , visceral @entity3 , interval from @entity320 diagnosis to MESCC, time developing @entity51 before radiotherapy, fractionation regimen) were investigated for post-radiotherapy motor function, ambulatory status and survival in 27 @entity1 . On multivariate analysis, motor function was significantly associated with time developing @entity51 (P  =  0.006). On univariate analysis, post-radiotherapy ambulatory rates were associated with pre-radiotherapy ambulatory status (P  <  0.001) and performance status (P  =  0.046). Variables having a significant impact on survival in the univariate analysis were performance status (P  <  0.001), number of involved vertebrae (P  =  0.007), pre-radiotherapy ambulatory status (P  =  0.020), further bone @entity3 (P  =  0.023), visceral @entity3 (P  <  0.001), and time developing @entity51 (P  =  0.038). On multivariate analysis of survival, the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (risk ratio [RR]  =  4.35; 95% confidence interval [CI]  =  1.04-16.67; P  =  0.044) and visceral @entity3 (RR  =  3.70; 95% CI  =  1.10-12.50; P  =  0.034) remained significant and were included in a survival score. Scoring points were obtained from 6-month survival rates divided by 10. Total scores represented the sum scores of both variables and were 3, 9 or 15 points. Six-month survival rates were 7%, 29% and 100% (P  =  0.004). Thus, three predictors for functional outcomes were identified. The newly developed survival score included three prognostic groups. @entity1 with 3 points may receive 1     8  Gy, @entity1 with 9 points 5     4  Gy and @entity1 achieving 15 points longer-course radiotherapy. In the latter two groups, upfront decompressive surgery may be considered.

title: Motor function and survival following radiotherapy alone for metastatic epidural @entity1745 in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficits']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Partial duplication of 2p is a rare condition that causes @entity154 , @entity1155 , and @entity851 . Hypercalcaemia is rare in @entity1 . So far, duplication of 2p has never been associated with hypercalcaemia. METHODS: Here, we report a @entity1 with a partial duplication of 2p presenting with moderate to severe hypercalcaemia at the age of 2 years. She also had @entity5200 , @entity11604 , @entity177 , and secondary @entity2742 at presentation. She was thoroughly investigated, including genetic testing of the @entity29381 , @entity1631 , ALPL, and @entity6820 genes, to determine the cause of hypercalcaemia. RESULTS: @entity10692 levels were increased. Hypercalcaemia and @entity5200 responded well to glucocorticoids but not to @entity4046 . @entity2742 resolved with improving renal function. Apart from the known duplication of 2p, no pathogenic variants were detected in the studied genes. The duplication of 2p contains the @entity60516 gene, which encodes for the @entity60516 subunit. CONCLUSION: We conclude that partial duplication of 2p can be associated with hypercalcaemia and @entity5200 and hypothesise that the underlying mechanism is an increased extra-renal, parathyroid hormone-independent @entity14257 1a-hydroxylase activity, leading to raised amounts of @entity10692 . The increased enzymatic activity could possibly be caused by @entity60516 subunit-related macrophage stimulation.

title: Hypercalcaemia in a XXXX with 2p13.2-p16.1 Duplication.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['facial anomalies']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth failure']

entities_list: @entity10692 :: ('MESH:C097949', 'Chemical') :: ['1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D']

entities_list: @entity11604 :: ('MESH:D009397', 'Disease') :: ['nephrocalcinosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['decreased renal function']

entities_list: @entity4046 :: ('MESH:C476217', 'Chemical') :: ['cinacalcet']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor delay']

entities_list: @entity14257 :: ('MESH:C104450', 'Chemical') :: ['25-hydroxyvitamin D']

entities_list: @entity5200 :: ('MESH:D053565', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalciuria']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism', 'Hyperparathyroidism']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: Spinal fusion is used to treat @entity1635 in @entity1 with @entity306 ( @entity306 ). Following intervention, the WHO considers activity and participation should be assessed to guide intervention and assess the effects. This study assesses whether spinal fusion for @entity1635 improves activity and participation for @entity1 with severe @entity306 .Retrospective cohort study of 70 @entity1 (39M:31F) with GMFCS level 4/5 @entity306 and significant @entity1635 . Thirty-six underwent observational and/or brace treatment as the sole treatment for their @entity1635 , and 34 underwent surgery. @entity1 in the operative group were older and had worse @entity1635 than those in the observational group. Questionnaire and radiographic data were recorded over a 2-year period. The ASKp was used to measure activity and participation.In the observational group, Cobb angle and @entity530 increased from 51 (40-90) and 10 (0-30) to 70 (43-111) and 14 (0-37). Mean ASKp decreased from 16.3 (1-38) to 14.2 (1-36). In the operative group, Cobb angle and @entity530 decreased from 81 (50-131) and 14 (1-35) to 38 (10-76) and 9 (0-24). Mean ASKp increased from 10.5 (0-29) to 15.9 (3-38). Spinal-related @entity158 correlated most with change in activity and participation in both groups. There was no difference in mobility, GMFCS level, feeding or communication in either group before and after treatment.In @entity1 with significant @entity1635 and @entity306 classified within GMFCS levels 4 and 5, spinal fusion was associated with an improvement in activity and participation, whereas nonoperative treatment was associated with a small reduction. @entity158 should be carefully assessed to guide intervention.

title: Does Spinal Fusion and Scoliosis Correction Improve Activity and Participation for @entity1 With GMFCS level 4 and 5 XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic obliquity']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy', 'CP']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['Cerebral Palsy']


abstract: @entity10976 ( @entity10976 ) is a catalytic inhibitor of the nuclear enzyme DNA topoisomerase II (topo II). It protects cells against topo II poisons, such as @entity2879 and @entity2663 , by hindering the DNA cleavage reaction of the target enzyme. We have previously shown that this antagonism also extends to an in vivo model. Thus, @entity10976 protected @entity19 against supralethal doses of @entity2879 and @entity5257 , and the @entity2879 LD10 dose increased as much as 3.6-fold when combined with @entity10976 (B. Holm, Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol., 38: 203-209, 1996). We describe here how scheduling of this drug combination can be optimized and used. Interestingly, @entity10976 can protect when it is given after @entity2879 . Although timing is very critical here, @entity10976 was able to completely protect when given 10 min after @entity2879 . This rescue principle resembles methotrexate rescue by @entity4181 . We also found scheduling to be crucial because @entity10976 did not protect when @entity2879 was given once a day for five days, whereas effective protection was seen when @entity2879 was used three times, once every four days. Similar investigations were performed with @entity2663 in combination with @entity10976 . The combination with @entity10976 allowed a 3.4-fold @entity2663 dose escalation. Such dose escalations could be advantageous in specific situations. One such case is when the @entity5 is situated in a pharmacological sanctuary, e.g., in the brain. @entity10976 is hydrophilic and does not cross the blood-brain barrier, whereas the lipophilic @entity2879 and @entity2663 do. Therefore, @entity10976 would protect normal tissues and allow a cytotoxic dose of @entity2879 to reach the central nervous system (CNS). We therefore studied the combinations using L1210 or EHR2 cells inoculated into the CNS of @entity19 . L1210 presented a leukemic CNS model with leptomeningeal spread and infiltration of liver, spleen, and lymph nodes, whereas EHR2 cells acted as a solid @entity5 with no evidence of @entity66 . In all experiments, the combination of high-dose @entity2879 and @entity10976 was significantly superior to an equitoxic dose of @entity2879 alone. Such superiority was also seen when treatment was given on days 4, 8, and 12 after @entity5 inoculation. Here @entity2879 alone resulted in a mean increased life span of 12.3%, whereas the rescue regimen yielded an increase of 47% (P < 0.0001). In conclusion, DNA topo II rescue by catalytic inhibitors is a new strategy enabling significant epipodophyllotoxin dose escalations; in this study, we have demonstrated the superiority of this strategy in two in vivo @entity1221 models. This concept is now being tested in a clinical trial.

title: Improved targeting of brain tumors using dexrazoxane rescue of topoisomerase II combined with supralethal doses of XXXX and @entity2663 .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['folinic acid']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extracerebral disease']

entities_list: @entity5257 :: ('MESH:D000677', 'Chemical') :: ['amsacrine']

entities_list: @entity2663 :: ('MESH:D013713', 'Chemical') :: ['teniposide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurrence of transitional cell @entity150 cannot be predicted accurately by traditional criteria alone. This study examined the value of cell proliferative activity, morphometry, and expression of @entity876 , @entity1722 , and @entity588 oncogenes in predicting recurrence of superficial papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential (LMP) and Grade 1 (G1) @entity1377 of the bladder. METHODS: Sixty-two @entity1 (mean age, 62 years) with newly diagnosed superficial pTa @entity150 (19 LMP, and 43 G1) were analyzed retrospectively. All @entity1 underwent transurethral resection (TUR). Median follow-up was 69 months. Serial sections from @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded material at initial TUR were stained with monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) DO7, CB11, and @entity588 -124. Cell proliferation was assessed by @entity1758 MoAb, the quantity of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region-associated proteins (AgNORs), and mitotic count. RESULTS: Of the 62 @entity1 , 42 (67.7%) had one or more recurrences. Recurrence rates were higher in @entity1758 (P < 0.0001) and @entity876 immunopositive cases (P = 0.02), when the mitotic count was greater than 5 (P = 0.004), and in G1 @entity189 (P = 0.04). In univariate analysis, the disease-free period was shorter for @entity1758 (P < 0.0001) and @entity876 immunopositive (P = 0.0001) cases, for cases with high AgNOR quantity (P = 0.04), mitotic count greater than 5 (P = 0.01), and in G1 @entity189 (P = 0.002). In multivariate analysis, only @entity1758 immunoreactivity retained independent prognostic significance. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the small cohort, the results confirm the prognostic value of cell proliferation and @entity876 expression in @entity1 with @entity150 . The results also indicate that @entity1758 immunopositivity is the most significant predictor of recurrence and disease-free survival in superficial LMP and G1 @entity150 .

title: Proliferative activity is the most significant predictor of recurrence in noninvasive papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential and grade 1 XXXX of the bladder.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neoplasms', 'bladder tumors', 'carcinoma of the bladder', 'papillary bladder carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity1377 :: (MESH:D002291,Disease) :: ['papillary carcinomas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Vesicular transporter proteins are an essential component of the presynaptic machinery that regulates neurotransmitter storage and release. They also provide a key point of control for homeostatic signaling pathways that maintain balanced excitation and inhibition following changes in activity levels, including the onset of sensory experience. To advance understanding of their roles in the developing auditory forebrain, we tracked the expression of the vesicular transporters of @entity3264 ( @entity18358 , @entity53793 ) and @entity1246 ( @entity18359 ) in primary auditory cortex (A1) and medial geniculate body (MGB) of developing @entity19 (P7, @entity14819 , @entity3843 , @entity5207 , adult) before and after ear canal opening (~ @entity14819 -P13). RNA sequencing, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry were combined to track changes in transporter expression and document regional patterns of transcript and protein localization. Overall, vesicular transporter expression changed the most between P7 and @entity5207 . The expression patterns and maturational trajectories of each marker varied by brain region, cortical layer, and MGB subdivision. @entity18358 expression was highest in A1, moderate in MGB, and increased with age in both regions. @entity53793 mRNA levels were low in A1 at all ages, but high in MGB, where adult levels were reached by @entity3843 . @entity53793 immunoreactivity was prominent in both regions. @entity18358 (+) and @entity53793 (+) transcripts were co-expressed in MGB and A1 somata, but co-localization of immunoreactive puncta was not detected. In A1, @entity18359 mRNA levels were relatively stable from P7 to adult, while immunoreactivity increased steadily. @entity18359 (+) transcripts were rare in MGB neurons, whereas @entity18359 immunoreactivity was robust at all ages. Morphological changes in immunoreactive puncta were found in two regions after ear canal opening. In the ventral MGB, a decrease in @entity53793 puncta density was accompanied by an increase in puncta size. In A1, perisomatic @entity18359 and @entity18358 terminals became prominent around the neuronal somata. Overall, the observed changes in gene and protein expression, regional architecture, and morphology relate to-and to some extent may enable-the emergence of mature sound-evoked activity patterns. In that regard, the findings of this study expand our understanding of the presynaptic mechanisms that regulate critical period formation associated with experience-dependent refinement of sound processing in auditory forebrain circuits.

title: Differential maturation of vesicular XXXX and @entity1246 transporter expression in the @entity19 auditory forebrain during the first weeks of hearing.

answer: @entity3264 :: (D018698,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: PURPOSE: The clinical significance of preoperative serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen ( @entity787 ) and @entity5 antigen 15-3 ( @entity2355 ) in @entity0 is controversial. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical value of preoperative serum levels of @entity787 and @entity2355 on the risk of @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) in @entity1 with @entity0 . METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed 1148 @entity0 @entity1 whose preoperative @entity787 and @entity2355 levels were measured. The association of these @entity5 markers and clinicopathologic parameters with @entity1600 was determined by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: A median of 15 lymph nodes were removed. Seven hundred seventy-eight (67.8%) @entity1 had node-negative disease and 370 (32.2%) had @entity1600 . Univariate analysis showed that @entity5 location (P = 0.024), stage (P = 0.001), grade (P < 0.001), lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (P < 0.001), @entity787 level (P < 0.001), @entity2355 level (P < 0.001), and @entity0 subtype (BCS) (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with @entity1600 . @entity1600 was present in 4.5% of @entity1 with normal @entity787 and 11.6% of @entity1 with elevated @entity787 . @entity1600 was present in 8.0% of @entity1 with normal @entity2355 and 17.0% of @entity1 with high @entity2355 . Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that @entity5 location, stage, grade, LVI, @entity787 , @entity2355 , and BCS were significantly and independently associated with @entity1600 (P < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSION: The probability of @entity1600 was greater in @entity1 with elevated preoperative serum levels of @entity787 and @entity2355 . @entity787 and @entity2355 appear to be independent predictors of @entity1600 in @entity0 .

title: Use of XXXX and @entity2355 to Predict Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis in @entity1 with @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['ALNM', 'axillary lymph node metastasis']

answer: @entity787 :: (1084,Gene) :: ['CEA']


abstract: Family history of @entity8 has been associated with an increased risk of @entity454 ( @entity454 ). It is uncertain whether this risk is mediated by familial aggregation of risk factors for @entity454 , such as @entity6 and @entity101 . The association of @entity454 with @entity8 was examined in a large, population-based case-control study conducted in Maryland, Virginia, @entity739 , and Washington, DC. The number of first-degree relatives who were affected with any @entity8 was compared between 689 newly treated @entity454 @entity1 registered in the Medicare @entity454 program (92% of all eligible incident cases presenting between January and July of 1991) and 361 control subjects without @entity454 who were selected by random-digit dialing (90% response rate). @entity1 and control subjects were frequency matched by age; @entity1 with @entity454 caused by @entity8 and other known @entity8 were excluded. Analysis was conducted using multiple logistic regression. After controlling for the proband's age, gender, race, family size, socioeconomic status, and personal and family histories of @entity6 and @entity101 , having one first-degree relative with @entity8 increased the odds of @entity454 by 1.3 (95% confidence interval, 0.7 to 2.6) and having two or more affected first-degree relatives increased the odds of @entity454 by 10.4 (95% confidence interval, 2.7 to 40.2). These data support @entity8 in excess of that predicted by clustering of @entity6 and @entity101 within families, suggesting that either genetic susceptibility or environmental exposures shared within families increase the risk of developing @entity454 . This risk is also much higher when two or more first-degree relatives have @entity8 . Unraveling the molecular basis of this increase in risk may provide new avenues for treatment and prevention of @entity454 .

title: Familial aggregation of XXXX in a population-based case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic kidney disease', 'type of renal disease', 'hereditary kidney diseases', 'renal disease', 'familial aggregation of renal disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['West Virginia']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Cardiac computed tomography perfusion (CTP) using stress testing is an emerging application in the field of cardiac computed tomography. We evaluated @entity1 with acute @entity662 ( @entity662 ) in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) with evidence of obstructive @entity453 ( @entity453 ), defined as >70% @entity850 on coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and confirmed by invasive coronary angiography (ICA), to evaluate the applicability of resting CTP in the acute @entity662 setting. METHODS: From January to December 2013, 183 low-intermediate risk symptomatic @entity1 with negative cardiac biomarkers and no known @entity453 underwent a rapid CCTA protocol in the @entity341 . Of these, 4 @entity1 (1.4%) had obstructive @entity453 (>= 70% @entity850 ) on CCTA confirmed by ICA. All 183 CCTA studies were evaluated retrospectively with CTP software by a transmural perfusion ratio (TPR) method with a superimposed 17-segment model. A TPR value <0.99 was considered abnormal based on previously published data. RESULTS: A total of four @entity1 were included in this pilot analysis. The duration from resolution of @entity662 to performance of CCTA ranged from 1.6 to 5.0 hours. Three @entity1 underwent revascularization, two with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and one with coronary artery bypass grafting. The fourth @entity1 was managed with aggressive medical therapy. Two @entity1 had multivessel obstructive @entity453 and two @entity1 had @entity453 . The first @entity1 underwent CCTA 5 hours after resolution of @entity662 symptoms. CCTA demonstrated noncalcified obstructive @entity453 in the mid- @entity3980 and mid-right coronary artery. ICA showed good correlation by quantitative coronary assessment (QCA) in both vessels and the @entity1 underwent PCI. CTP analysis demonstrated perfusion defects in the @entity3980 and right coronary artery territories. The second @entity1 underwent CCTA 1.6 hours after resolution of @entity662 symptoms with findings of obstructive ostial left main @entity453 . ICA confirmed obstructive left main @entity453 by QCA and intravascular ultrasound. The @entity1 underwent revascularization with coronary artery bypass grafting. CTP demonstrated perfusion defects in the anterior and lateral wall segments. The third @entity1 was evaluated for @entity662 in the @entity341 with CCTA demonstrating @entity453 10 hours after resolution of symptoms with findings of a @entity850 in the mid- @entity3980 . The @entity1 subsequently underwent ICA demonstrating good correlation to the CCTA findings in the @entity3980 by QCA. CTP analysis revealed perfusion defects in @entity3980 territory. He was successful treated with PCI. The final @entity1 underwent CCTA 5.4 hours following resolution of @entity662 with the finding of an intermediate partially calcified @entity850 in the distal @entity3980 . ICA was performed, with fractional flow reserve demonstrating a hemodynamically insignificant distal @entity3980 at 0.86. CTP detected a perfusion defect in the @entity3980 territory. CONCLUSIONS: When positive, rest CTP may have value in the risk stratification of @entity1 presenting to the @entity341 with nontraumatic acute @entity662 .

title: Rest-Only Myocardial CT Perfusion in Acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'chest pain']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'single-vessel CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['noncalcified obstructive stenosis', 'stenosis']

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['Chest Pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aims to document and analyze the central venous catheter (CVC)-related complications in @entity1 with @entity1503 who were treated within a single institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective investigation was conducted in 106 pediatric @entity1 in whom 203 CVCs were inserted. A total of 175 catheter-related complications occurred in 5 years. RESULTS: The rates of clinical @entity1212 , local @entity1212 , @entity1211 , @entity548 , and mechanical complications were 2.6, 1.1, 0.2, 0.2, and 0.2 per 1000 catheter days. @entity3256 -resistant @entity5938 was the predominant infectious organism in blood and catheter cultures. The @entity1 with @entity1778 had a significantly higher frequency of clinical @entity1212 (p=0.046). The @entity1 who underwent bone marrow transplantation had a significantly lower frequency of clinical @entity1212 (p=0.043) and higher frequency of local @entity1212 (p=0.003). The @entity1 with implanted catheters had a significantly lower frequency of clinical @entity1212 (p=0.048). The @entity1 with @entity882 had significantly fewer local @entity1212 and significantly more clinical @entity1212 and catheter-related @entity548 (respectively p=0.001, p=0.042, and p=0.024). CONCLUSION: @entity1778 , bone marrow transplantation, and @entity882 are risk factors for CVC-associated complications. The relatively higher number of interventions performed via permanent catheters may be responsible for the significantly increased incidence of @entity1317 .

title: Cohort Study: Central Venous Catheter-Related Complications in @entity1 with XXXX at a Single Center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['Methicillin']

entities_list: @entity1212 :: ('MESH:D055499', 'Disease') :: ['catheter infections']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5938 :: ('1282', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus epidermidis']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematological diseases']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['Leukemia', 'leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['systemic infections and mechanical injury']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1503 :: (MESH:D006402,Disease) :: ['Hematologic Diseases']


abstract: Assessment of suicide enzyme activity would have considerable impact on the planning and the individualization of suicide gene therapy of @entity5 . This may be done by determining the pharmacokinetics of specific substrates. We generated @entity4540 (GCV)-sensitive @entity1 @entity189 cell lines after transfection with a retroviral vector bearing the herpes simplex virus @entity1014 kinase (HSV-tk) gene. Thereafter, uptake measurements and HPLC analyses were performed up to 48 h in an HSV-tk-expressing cell line and in a wild-type cell line using tritiated GCV. HSV-tk-expressing cells showed higher GCV uptake and phosphorylation than control cells, whereas in wild-type MCF7 cells no phosphorylated GCV was detected. In bystander experiments the total GCV uptake was related to the amount of HSV-tk-expressing cells. Furthermore, the uptake of GCV correlated closely with the growth inhibition (r = 0.92). Therefore, the accumulation of specific substrates may serve as an indicator of the HSV-tk activity and of therapy outcome. Inhibition and competition experiments demonstrated slow transport of GCV by the @entity2353 carriers. The slow uptake and low affinity to HSV-tk indicate that GCV is not an ideal substrate for the @entity2353 transport systems or for HSV-tk. This may be the limiting factor for therapy success, necessitating the search for better substrates of HSV-tk.

title: @entity4540 uptake in XXXX @entity189 cells expressing herpes simplex virus @entity1014 kinase.

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mammary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity4540 :: ('MESH:D015774', 'Chemical') :: ['ganciclovir']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare peri-operative complications, @entity158 , and the immediate functional results of the sub-urethral sling procedure for @entity3142 by the retropublic and transobturator routes, using a non-elastic @entity7502 sub-urethral sling. @entity1 AND METHODS: This prospective, multicentre study involved 88 @entity1 undergoing the sub-urethral sling procedure for stress @entity322 (SUI). The retropubic route (RPR) and the transobturator route (TOR) were used in respectively 42 and 46 cases. The characteristics of the @entity1 in the RPR and TOR groups were as follows: mean age (+/-standard deviation) 56.8+/-12 years and 53.4+/-10 years, respectively; mean BMI: 25+/-4 and 26+/-4; mean parity: 2.1+/-0.9 and 2+/-1 @entity1 ; post-menopausal status: 66.7% and 58.7%; prior surgery for SUI: 7.1% and 6.5%; and prior hysterectomy: 21.4% and 26.1%. None of these characteristics differed significantly between the groups. Likewise, pre-operative urinary functional status (SUI stage, and pollakiuria, @entity2183 and urgency rates) was similar in the two groups. RESULTS: Mean hospital stay and overall morbidity rate were not significantly different between the RPR and TOR groups. Mean operating time was longer in the RPR group. @entity1494 was significantly more frequent in the RPR group and @entity130 was significantly more frequent in the TOR group. @entity158 scores were significantly lower in the TOR group. The objective functional results at one month did not differ between the groups. Quality of life, evaluated with questionnaires and numerical rating scales, was similarly improved in the two groups. DISCUSSION: The suburethral sling procedure was less painful by the TOR route than by the RPR route. @entity1494 , haematomas and @entity733 were only observed in the RPR group, while @entity130 only occurred in the TOR group. The immediate functional results of the two approaches were similar.

title: Peri-operative complications and XXXX after the suburethral sling procedure for @entity3142 : a French prospective randomised multicentre study comparing the retropubic and transobturator routes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['Bladder injury']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscesses']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal injury']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['urinary stress incontinence']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Background. @entity414 can acutely activate various inflammatory transcription factors. Since high levels of oxyradicals and lower antioxidant levels in septic @entity1 are believed to result in @entity177 , @entity414 levels could be used as a marker of oxidative stress and poor prognosis in @entity1 with @entity295 . Design. We conducted a prospective cohort study on Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU) @entity1 and hypothesized that elevated @entity414 in @entity1 with @entity295 is predictive of greater morbidity. The primary end point was the correlation between @entity5052 and the morbidity rate. Secondary end points were @entity810 ( @entity810 ), mortality, @entity649 ( @entity649 ), and duration of stay. Results. We enrolled 144 @entity1 . 54 (37.5%) had the primary end point of @entity5052 . The overall morbidity rate was 85.2%. The probability of having @entity5052 along with @entity810 was 68.5% and without @entity810 was 31.5%. Meanwhile the probability of having a @entity414 value <7   mg/dL along with @entity810 was 18.9% and without @entity810 was 81.1% (p value < 0.0001). Conclusion. We report that elevated @entity414 levels on arrival to the MICU in @entity1 with @entity295 are associated with poor prognosis. These @entity1 are at an increased risk for @entity810 and @entity649 .

title: XXXX : An Early Marker for Severity of Illness in @entity295 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome', 'ARDS']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['Acute Kidney Injury', 'AKI']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['Uric acid', 'uric acid']

answer: @entity5052 :: (MESH:D033461,Disease) :: ['Hyperuricemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Esophageal stricture due to caustic ingestion is one of the most difficult problems to manage. Esophageal dilations are the usual treatment and they require a great number of sessions in the majority of cases. This implies time, risks for the @entity1 , anguish for the relatives, and very often, frustration for the physician. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of the application of topical @entity1138 and intralesional @entity2713 in the prevention of post-dilation esophageal stricture recurrence. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective, comparative, nonrandomized, and longitudinal study was conducted that compared a cohort of 16 @entity1 treated with @entity1138 (2009-2012) with a retrospective cohort of 34 @entity1 treated with @entity2713 (2002-2009). RESULTS: The @entity1 treated with intralesional @entity2713 had a median of 11 dilations (minimum 4 and maximum 24), whereas the median in the @entity1 treated with topical @entity1138 was 4.5 (minimum 3 and maximum 8). The groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test, finding a statistically significant difference of a two-tailed P<.001. In the multiple linear regression model, the dependent variable was the number of dilations and the independent variables were the @entity75 and treatment. The result was an R(2) .676 with a significance level of P<.001, in which the regression coefficient for treatment was B -.682 (95% CI -8.286 to -5.025) and the lesion grade was B .435 (95% CI 2.043- 4.573). The ANOVA result was an F 49.08 and a P<.001 and showed that the independent variables of @entity75 and treatment had a linear relation with the number of dilations, reinforcing the fact that our results were not due to chance. CONCLUSIONS: Topical @entity1138 considerably reduced the number of esophageal dilations compared with the use of intralesional @entity2713 to alleviate @entity1282 , and therefore we suggest it as a treatment option in strictures due to caustic ingestion.

title: Topical XXXX versus intralesional @entity2713 in the management of esophageal stricture due to caustic ingestion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['type of lesion']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: Mutations in the @entity8251 gene cause the severe @entity245 called @entity6694 . Preliminary evidence suggests that @entity8251 may be involved in a broader phenotype than classical @entity6694 including preserved speech variants (PSV). Here we report clinical and mutation analysis of 18 PSV @entity1 . Ten of them had a @entity8251 mutation (55%). The clinical features of these @entity1 have been characterized and two subgroups defined. All of them had slow recovery of verbal and praxic abilities, evident @entity146 , and normal head circumference. Six were overweight, often @entity28 , had @entity1513 , coarse face, and mental age of two-to-three years, and were able to speak in sentences; four had normal weight, mental age not beyond one-to-two years, and spoke in single words and two-word phrases. The @entity74 was in stages as in classic @entity6694 . Hand-washing was present in the first years of life but often subsequently disappeared. Significantly, all mutations found in PSV are either missense or late truncating mutations. In particular, we did not find the four early truncating hot spots: @entity69442 , @entity69443 , @entity69444 , @entity38923 . These results suggest that early truncating mutations lead to a poor prognosis (classic Rett), while late truncating and missense mutations lead either to classic Rett or PSV. We hypothesize that a missense or late truncating mutation is necessary but not sufficient to produce a PSV, based on the presence of one (or more) modifier genes whose product may interact in a epistatic manner with @entity8251 protein.

title: Preserved speech variants of the XXXX : molecular and clinical analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['autistic behavior']

entities_list: @entity6694 :: ('MESH:D015518', 'Disease') :: ['Rett syndrome']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental disorder']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['course of the disorder']

answer: @entity6694 :: (MESH:D015518,Disease) :: ['Rett syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of BMI on @entity694 in average-risk @entity1 aged between 40 and 59 years, analyzed by sex. METHODS: A total of 4443 @entity1 aged between 40 and 59 years undergoing a first-time screening or average-risk colonoscopy were included in this study. Data on demographics, smoking, and BMI were collected and correlated to the presence of @entity652 and advanced @entity652 . RESULTS: We evaluated 1197 colonoscopies in @entity1 aged between 40 and 49 years, and 3246 in those aged between 50 and 59 years. Among @entity1 between 40 and 49 years, increasing BMI [odds ratio (OR)=1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00-1.09] and BMI of at least 27 (OR=1.95, 95% CI: 1.15-3.29) were predictors of @entity652 . Younger @entity1 with a BMI of at least 27 were more likely to have proximal @entity652 (OR=2.23, 95% CI: 1.14-4.37) but not advanced @entity652 . There was no relation between BMI and @entity652 in younger @entity1 . Among @entity1 aged between 50 and 59 years, increasing BMI (OR=1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.05) and a BMI of at least 24 (OR=1.43, 95% CI: 1.06-2.94) was found to be correlated with @entity652 , and increasing BMI was also found to be associated with proximal @entity652 (OR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.13-2.45). Among @entity1 aged between 50 and 59 years, there was no relation between BMI and @entity652 , but there was a positive correlation for advanced @entity652 (OR=1.05, 95% CI: 1.002-1.09). Among @entity1 aged between 50 and 59 years, BMI was not predictive of advanced @entity652 . CONCLUSION: The association between BMI and @entity652 differs by age and sex. If BMI is utilized to refine screening practices for @entity14 , its influence on sex and age should be taken into account.

title: Can adjusting BMI for age and sex provide for a better predictor of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic neoplasia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Surgical correction for @entity3792 is increasingly being performed for @entity1 with @entity1646 ( @entity1646 ). Reported case series have predominantly included @entity1 with Type I (Hurler) and Type IV (Morquio) @entity1646 . To their knowledge, the authors describe the first case report of surgical management of thoracolumbar @entity3792 in @entity5684 ( @entity1646 Type II) and the rare occurrence of @entity19339 following surgical stabilization. A 12-year-old @entity1 with @entity5684 presented with severe thoracolumbar @entity3792 and no associated symptoms. Spinal radiographs demonstrated @entity1513 of 48   (T11-L3) and @entity1635 of 22   (T11-L3) with an anteriorly hypoplastic @entity5022 vertebra. The @entity85 progressed to @entity1513 of 60   and @entity1635 of 42   prior to surgical intervention. Spinal CT scans identified left T12-L1 facet subluxation, causing anterior rotatory displacement of the spine proximal to @entity5022 isthmic spondylolysis with no spondylolisthesis. A combined single-stage anterior and posterior instrumented spinal arthrodesis from T-9 to @entity14331 was performed. @entity1513 and @entity1635 were corrected to 4   and 0  , respectively. Prolonged ventilator support and nasogastric feedings were required for 3 months postoperatively. At 2.5 years following surgery, the @entity1 was asymptomatic, mobilizing independently, and had achieved a solid spinal fusion. However, he had also developed a Grade II spondylolisthesis at L4-5; this was managed nonoperatively in the absence of symptoms or further deterioration of the spondylolisthesis to the 3.5-year postoperative follow-up visit. Satisfactory correction of thoracolumbar @entity3792 in @entity5684 can be achieved by combined anterior/posterior instrumented arthrodesis. The risk of developing @entity85 or instability in motion segments adjacent to an instrumented fusion may be greater in @entity1 with @entity1646 related to the underlying @entity2597 .

title: Thoracolumbar XXXX with unilateral subluxation of the spine and postoperative @entity19339 in @entity5684 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity2597 :: ('MESH:D003240', 'Disease') :: ['connective tissue disorder']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['Kyphosis', 'kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity3792 :: ('MESH:C565711', 'Disease') :: ['kyphoscoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1646 :: ('MESH:D009083', 'Disease') :: ['mucopolysaccharidosis', 'MPS']

entities_list: @entity19339 :: ('MESH:D013168', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar spondylolisthesis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity']

entities_list: @entity5684 :: ('MESH:D016532', 'Disease') :: ['Hunter syndrome']

answer: @entity3792 :: (MESH:C565711,Disease) :: ['kyphoscoliosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was performed to find the optimal volume of local anesthetics needed for a successful ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion block (SGB) to treat head and neck pathology. METHODS: Fifteen female and fourteen male @entity1274 @entity1 received 4 times SGBs with 0.2% @entity1342 in volumes of 6, 4, 3 and 2 ml at 1 to 3 day intervals. Using the transverse short-axis view of the neck that showed Chassaignac's tubercle at the C6 level, a 25-gauge, and 4 cm needle was inserted via the lateral paracarotid approach with out-of-plane targeting between the prevertebral fascia and the ventral surface of longus colli muscle (subfascial injection). A successful block was confirmed with the onset of @entity1736 ( @entity4820 ). RESULTS: There were no significant statistical differences between the presence of @entity4820 and the volume of local anesthetics given. However, @entity4820 was present in all trials for the 4 ml and 6 ml groups. Six (20.7%) and three out (10.4%) of twenty-nine trials in the 2 ml and 3 ml groups, respectively, failed to elicit @entity4820 . The duration of action was significantly different in the 2 ml group compared to that of the 6 ml group, but there was no significant difference between the other groups, including the 4 ml vs. 6 ml groups. The side effects were not different between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: This data suggests that the optimal volume of 0.2% @entity1342 for ultrasound-guided SGB to treat the head and neck pathology in daily practice is 4 ml.

title: The optimal volume of 0.2% XXXX required for an ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion block.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensory-neural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity4820 :: ('MESH:D006732', 'Disease') :: ["Horner's syndrome"]

answer: @entity1342 :: (MESH:C037663,Chemical) :: ['ropivacaine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility, acceptability and potential efficacy of group exercise for residents in care homes. DESIGN: Exploratory cluster randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Five randomly selected care homes in South Birmingham, UK. @entity1 : Fifty-six care home residents (mean age 84.5, 71% female), 39 (70%) with @entity73 . INTERVENTION: Two homes (n = 28) were randomized to group exercise held twice weekly for five weeks. The remaining three homes (n = 28) formed the control group and received usual care, with no @entity1 specifically responsible for exercise training. OUTCOME MEASURES: Assessments were conducted at zero (pre-intervention), three (post-intervention) and six months (follow-up) using the Rivermead Mobility Index and Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale or @entity64 Aphasic @entity308 Questionnaire (depending on @entity73 ). Adherence to group exercise and retention to the study were also documented. RESULTS: No statistically significant improvements in mobility or @entity308 were found in favour of group exercise. Retention to the study was high with 46 (82%) @entity1 completing all assessments. Adherence to group exercise was somewhat lower with @entity1 attending a mean of 3.61 out of 8.5 prescribed sessions (42.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Group exercise can be delivered to care home residents with reduced mobility but it is not suitable for residents with severe @entity73 . An estimated sample size of 240 @entity1 would be required to detect a clinically significant difference in the Rivermead Mobility Index with 90% power.

title: An exploratory cluster randomized controlled trial of group exercise on mobility and XXXX in care home residents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'person', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive impairments']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study evaluated the setup uncertainties for brain sites when using BrainLAB's ExacTrac X- @entity16039 6D system for daily pretreatment to determine the optimal planning target volume ( @entity343 ) margin. METHODS: Between August 2012 and April 2015, 28 @entity1 with @entity1313 were treated by daily image-guided radiotherapy using the BrainLAB ExacTrac 6D image guidance system of the Novalis-Tx linear accelerator. DUONTM (Orfit Industries, Wijnegem, Belgium) masks were used to fix the head. The radiotherapy was fractionated into 27-33 treatments. In total, 844 image verifications were performed for 28 @entity1 and used for the analysis. The setup corrections along with the systematic and random errors were analyzed for six degrees of freedom in the translational (lateral, longitudinal, and vertical) and rotational (pitch, roll, and yaw) dimensions. RESULTS: Optimal @entity343 margins were calculated based on van Herk et al.'s [margin recipe = 2.5  - + 0.7   - 3 mm] and Stroom et al.'s [margin recipe = 2  - + 0.7  ] formulas. The systematic errors (  -) were 0.72, 1.57, and 0.97 mm in the lateral, longitudinal, and vertical translational dimensions, respectively, and 0.72  , 0.87  , and 0.83   in the pitch, roll, and yaw rotational dimensions, respectively. The random errors (  ) were 0.31, 0.46, and 0.54 mm in the lateral, longitudinal, and vertical rotational dimensions, respectively, and 0.28  , 0.24  , and 0.31   in the pitch, roll, and yaw rotational dimensions, respectively. According to van Herk et al.'s and Stroom et al.'s recipes, the recommended lateral @entity343 margins were 0.97 and 1.66 mm, respectively; the longitudinal margins were 1.26 and 3.47 mm, respectively; and the vertical margins were 0.21 and 2.31 mm, respectively. CONCLUSION: Therefore, daily setup verifications using the BrainLAB ExacTrac 6D image guide system are very useful for evaluating the setup uncertainties and determining the setup margin.  -  .

title: SU-F-J-24: Setup Uncertainty and Margin of the ExacTrac 6D Image Guide System for XXXX with @entity1313 .

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine cognitive function in individuals with @entity131 ( @entity131 ) prior to and after participation in an aerobic exercise training program. DESIGN: Pre-post intervention study. SETTING: Medical research center. @entity1 : Volunteer sample of individuals (N=7) (age, 33.3  7.9y) with chronic nonpenetrating @entity131 (injury severity: 3=mild, 4=moderate; time since most current injury: 4.0  5.5y) who were ambulatory. INTERVENTION: Twelve weeks of supervised vigorous aerobic exercise training performed 3 times a week for 30 minutes on a treadmill. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cognitive function was assessed using the Trail Making Test Part A (TMT-A), Trail Making Test Part B (TMT-B), and Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Sleep quality and @entity308 were measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Beck Depression Inventory, version 2 (BDI-II). Indices of @entity410 were used to examine the relation between improvements in cognitive function and @entity410 . RESULTS: After training, improvements in cognitive function were observed with greater scores on the TMT-A (10.3  6.8; P=.007), TMT-B (9.6  7.0; P=.011), and RBANS total scale (13.3  9.3; P=.009). No changes were observed in measures of the PSQI and BDI-II. The magnitude of cognitive improvements was also strongly related to the gains in @entity410 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that vigorous aerobic exercise training may improve specific aspects of cognitive function in individuals with @entity131 and @entity410 may be a determinant of these improvements.

title: Improved cognitive performance following aerobic exercise training in XXXX with @entity131 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness gains', 'cardiorespiratory fitness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Correct positioning and differentiation of neurons during brain development is a key precondition for proper function. @entity10067 ( @entity10067 ) are increasingly recognized as causes of therapy refractory @entity302 . Neuropathological analyses of respective surgical specimens from neurosurgery for @entity410 control often reveal aberrant cortical architecture and/or aberrantly shaped neurons in @entity10067 . However, the molecular pathogenesis particularly of @entity10067 with aberrant lamination (so-called FCD type I) is largely unresolved. Lipoproteins and particularly low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 12 ( @entity69074 ) are involved in brain development. Here, we have examined a potential role of @entity69074 in the pathogenesis of @entity10067 . In vitro knockdown of @entity69074 in primary neurons results in @entity528 . In vivo ablation of @entity69074 by intraventricularly in utero electroporated shRNAs elicits cortical maldevelopment, i.e. aberrant lamination by malpositioning of upper cortical layer neurons. Subsequent @entity302 phenotyping revealed @entity5093 ( @entity17202 )-induced @entity410 to be aggravated in cortical @entity69074 -silenced @entity19 . Our data demonstrates IUE mediated cortical gene silencing as an excellent approach to study the role of distinct molecules for @entity302 associated focal @entity75 and suggests @entity69074 and lipoprotein homeostasis as potential molecular target structures for the emergence of @entity302 -associated @entity10067 .

title: XXXX silencing during brain development results in cortical dyslamination and @entity410 sensitization.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity5093 :: ('MESH:D010433', 'Chemical') :: ['pentylenetetrazol']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsies', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity10067 :: ('MESH:C537067', 'Disease') :: ['Focal cortical dysplasias', 'FCDs']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['impaired neuronal arborization']

answer: @entity69074 :: (239393(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['LRP12']


abstract: Like most vertebrates, birds have two forms of @entity1176 (GnRH). @entity1573 @entity1574 ( @entity1574 ) is released at the median eminence to elicit gonadotropin release; @entity1573 @entity69841 (cGnRH-II) is thought to be non-hypophysiotropic and its function is unclear. Both forms are hypothesized to act as neurotransmitters in the control of reproductive behavior. In the present study, we implanted chronic cannulae aimed at the third ventricle in female white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii) to test the effects of both forms of @entity1176 on copulation solicitation, a female courtship behavior. This behavior can be elicited in captive, @entity172 -primed females by playing a recording of male song. We quantified the behavioral response to recorded song 30, 60, and 90 min after intracerebroventricular infusion of @entity1574 , -II, or saline. cGnRH-II, but not @entity1574 , increased solicitation behavior compared with saline 30 min after infusion. Under control conditions, responses to the playback diminish from the 30-min to the 90-min time point. Responses after cGnRH-II infusion followed a similar pattern, whereas after @entity1574 , there was no significant response decrement. @entity1574 appears to maintain the level of solicitation seen at 30 min after infusion. Our results suggest a behavioral role for cGnRH-II that may be independent of @entity1574 .

title: Central administration of XXXX gonadotropin-releasing hormone-II enhances courtship behavior in a female sparrow.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chicken', 'Chicken']

entities_list: @entity1176 :: ('MESH:D007987', 'Chemical') :: ['GnRH', 'gonadotropin-releasing hormone']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Explicit but not implicit facial emotion perception has been shown to be impaired in @entity161 . In this study, we used newly developed technology in social neuroscience to examine implicit emotion processing. It has been shown that when @entity1 look at faces, they automatically infer social traits, and these trait judgments rely heavily on facial features and subtle emotion expressions even with neutral faces. Eighty-one individuals with @entity161 or @entity914 and 62 control subjects completed a computer task with 30 well-characterized neutral faces. They rated each face on 10 trait judgments: attractive, mean, trustworthy, intelligent, dominant, fun, sociable, aggressive, emotionally stable and weird. The degree to which trait ratings were predicted by objectively-measured subtle emotion expressions served as a measure of implicit emotion processing. Explicit emotion recognition was also examined. Trait ratings were significantly predicted by subtle facial emotional expressions in controls and @entity1 . However, impairment in the implicit emotion perception of fear, happiness, anger and surprise was found in @entity1 . Moreover, these deficits were associated with poorer everyday problem-solving skills and were relatively independent of explicit emotion recognition. Implicit emotion processing is impaired in @entity1 with @entity161 or @entity914 . Deficits in implicit and explicit emotion perception independently contribute to the @entity1 ' poor daily life skills. More research is needed to fully understand the role of implicit and explicit processes in the functional deficits of @entity1 , in order to develop targeted and useful remediation interventions.

title: Implicit emotion perception in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorder']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The French @entity120 ( @entity120 ) registry allows the survey of epidemiological trends. Isolated cases of precapillary @entity120 have been reported in @entity1 who have @entity1860 treated with the @entity669 kinase inhibitor @entity8947 . METHODS AND RESULTS: This study was designed to describe incident cases of @entity8947 -associated @entity120 reported in the French @entity120 registry. From the approval of @entity8947 (November 2006) to September 30, 2010, 9 incident cases treated by @entity8947 at the time of @entity120 diagnosis were identified. At diagnosis, @entity1 had moderate to severe precapillary @entity120 with functional and @entity73 . No other incident @entity120 cases were exposed to other @entity669 kinase inhibitors at the time of @entity120 diagnosis. Clinical, functional, or hemodynamic improvements were observed within 4 months of @entity8947 discontinuation in all but 1 @entity1 . Three @entity1 required @entity120 treatment with endothelin receptor antagonist (n=2) or @entity460 channel blocker (n=1). After a median follow-up of 9 months (min-max 3-36), the majority of @entity1 did not demonstrate complete clinical and hemodynamic recovery, and no @entity1 reached a normal value of mean pulmonary artery pressure ( <=20 mm Hg). Two @entity1 (22%) died at follow-up (1 of unexplained @entity944 and 1 of @entity712 in the context of @entity295 , respectively, 8 and 12 months after @entity8947 withdrawal). The lowest estimate of incident @entity120 occurring in @entity1 exposed to @entity8947 in France was 0.45%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8947 may induce severe precapillary @entity120 fulfilling the criteria of @entity120 , thus suggesting a direct and specific effect of @entity8947 on pulmonary vessels. Improvement is usually observed after withdrawal of @entity8947 .

title: Pulmonary arterial hypertension in XXXX treated by @entity8947 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8947 :: ('MESH:C488369', 'Chemical') :: ['Dasatinib', 'dasatinib']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic impairment']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'pulmonary arterial hypertension', 'PH']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myelogenous leukemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) reduces sphincter function, which may allow reflux of pancreatic juice and intestinal contents into the common bile duct. The reflux, if present, may cause development of @entity1125 , as may @entity3161 . We prospectively investigated pancreatobiliary and duodenobiliary reflux after ES. METHODS: In 15 @entity1 with @entity2877 , ductal bile was sampled for amylase concentration and bacterial culture during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, before and at 7 days to 5 yr after ES. To provide comparative data, ductal bile was sampled in 11 @entity1 with gallbladder @entity165 polyps or @entity3161 who did not undergo ES. RESULTS: Amylase concentration of ductal bile in @entity1 with @entity2877 before ES was not different from that in @entity1 with @entity1127 . Its concentration was increased 7 days after ES compared with that before ES, reaching the level of that in @entity1 with @entity3161 . Thereafter, amylase concentration gradually decreased, returning to that before ES by 1 yr. After ES, bactobilia occurred in 60-80% of @entity1 , although none developed acute @entity255 . CONCLUSIONS: Although ES causes transient @entity354 is abolished by 1 yr after ES. ES is unlikely to increase the risk for development of biliary tract @entity189 as long as @entity255 or bile duct stones do not recur.

title: Does endoscopic sphincterotomy cause prolonged XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder polyps']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity3161 :: ('MESH:D020511', 'Disease') :: ['anomalous pancreaticobiliary junction']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatobiliary reflux, the reflux']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['choledocholithiasis']

entities_list: @entity1125 :: ('MESH:D001661', 'Disease') :: ['biliary tract carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['pancreatobiliary reflux']


abstract: Primary @entity5 of female urethra is rare and represents about 0.02% of all @entity5 found in @entity1 and the majority of them are @entity957 . Diagnosis is difficult due to the fact that the disease has usually reached advanced stage. We report our experience with two @entity1 with @entity420 . METHODS: We describe clinical-pathological findings and treatment carried out in two @entity1 with @entity420 . We review the literature focusing on the origin of these @entity5 and available treatment options. RESULTS: After diagnosis, radical surgery was performed in both @entity1 . Despite this, one @entity1 died of local progression. The other @entity1 is still alive and free of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: @entity420 of the female urethra is a rare @entity5 of difficult diagnosis. Surgery is the only curative treatment. Chemotherapy (CT ) and radiotherapy (RT ) must be used in @entity1 in whom surgery is not possible, although there is no consensus on the best therapeutic approach. Prognosis tends to be poor due to delay in diagnosis.

title: XXXX : report of two cases and bibliographic review.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasias', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Adenocarcinoma', 'urethral adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['Female urethra adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have investigated the efficacy of preoperative @entity221 combined with radiation therapy (HIRP) in cases of soft tissue @entity242 (STS) that could be consequently treated with limb salvage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 with STS in an extremity received HIRP at our institution. Local @entity221 for 1 hour was administered eight to ten times. Radiation therapy (40-60 Gy) was administered at 2 Gy per session. The operation was performed at 2 or 3 weeks after HIRP. RESULTS: Limb salvage surgery was achieved in 12 @entity1 . No local recurrence was observed during a mean follow-up of 27 months. 7 @entity1 had shown only a partial response to the HIRP. There was no correlation between the histological response and the observed reduction in @entity5 volume. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggested that HIRP was an effective local treatment for limb salvage in limb-threatening STS.

title: The efficacy of @entity221 combined with radiation therapy for high-grade soft tissue XXXX .

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: A review of the treatment of @entity1152 ( @entity1152 ) was undertaken to examine current methods of management and to ascertain the influence of prematurity and associated medical defects on survival. One hundred @entity1 with @entity1152 presented at The @entity1 's Orthopedic Hospital and Medical Center, Seattle, between 1967 and 1979. Eighty-two percent had a blind proximal esophageal pouch and @entity4501 ( @entity4501 ). Ninety-two @entity1 were initially treated by gastrostomy. Fifty-nine @entity1 were born at term and had no major medical problems. They underwent either primary or delayed (up to 1 week) repair of the esophagus. The survival rate was 93% and surgical mortality was 3%. Twenty-two @entity1 born prematurely or having major medical problems underwent a staged repair. Survival in the staged group was 55% with a surgical mortality of 27%. Overall survival for the entire series was 79% (79/100). The use of air rather than contrast material for the radiographic diagnosis of @entity1152 was associated with fewer subsequent @entity358 . There was an 18% incidence of minor @entity834 , regardless of technique. The route of approach (transpleural, retropleural) did not influence mortality or morbidity in this series. There were more than three times as many significant strictures among @entity1 who had double-layer anastomoses (18%) as among those who had single-layer repairs (5%). The surgical treatment of @entity1 with @entity1152 has reached a level in which associated @entity154 , or prematurity are now the most significant determinants of survival.

title: @entity1152 and XXXX . Review of thirteen years' experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['illness, anomalies']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leaks']

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['TEF', 'distal tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity1152 :: ('MESH:D004933', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal atresia', 'EA']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary abnormalities']

answer: @entity4501 :: (MESH:D014138,Disease) :: ['tracheoesophageal fistula']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of @entity2092 ( @entity2092 ) on intraocular pressure (IOP) and the anterior chamber angle in primary angle closure after @entity1897 ( @entity1897 ). SETTING: Tertiary eyecare center at a university hospital, New Delhi, India. DESIGN: Prospective case series. METHODS: The study included eyes with primary angle closure and an IOP over 25.0 mm Hg more than 8 weeks after @entity1897 . All eyes had @entity2092 by phacoemulsification. Absolute success was defined as an IOP less than 18.0 mm Hg without medications at 12 months. RESULTS: In 44 eyes (24 @entity1 , 20 @entity1 ; mean age 57.2 years    4.2 [SD]), the mean preoperative IOP of 27.1    1.55 mm Hg decreased to 13.2    1.12 mm Hg at 12 months (P < .0001). The angle opening distance at 500  m increased from baseline values at 0 degrees (from 0.104    0.015 mm to 0.31    0.013 mm) and 180 degrees (from 0.202    0.008 mm to 0.412    0.012 mm). The trabecular iris angle also increased at 0 degrees (from 9.3    3.2 degrees to 32.7    5.6 degrees) and 180 degrees (from 9.12    3.2 degrees to 31.7    5.6 degrees) (all P < .0001). In multivariate analysis, the preoperative IOP was the strongest determinant of IOP change (R(2) = 0.69, P < .0001). Absolute success was achieved in 38 eyes (86.3%). CONCLUSION: Clear lens extraction led to a significant reduction in IOP, a widening of the anterior chamber angle, and a reduced need for @entity551 medications in eyes with primary angle closure and persistently raised IOP after @entity1897 . FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

title: Clinical outcomes of XXXX in eyes with primary angle closure.

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['laser peripheral iridotomy', 'LPI']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity2092 :: ('MESH:D007905', 'Disease') :: ['clear lens extraction', 'CLE']

answer: @entity2092 :: (MESH:D007905,Disease) :: ['clear lens extraction']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that @entity455 may play crucial role in several @entity66 , such as @entity1569 , port wine stain, and @entity1489 . To improve our understanding of vascular involvement in these @entity272 , there is a need for a non-invasive imaging modality capable of assessing 3D microcirculations within skin tissue beds in vivo. This study aims to demonstrate whether ultra-high sensitive optical microangiography (UHS-OMAG) is feasible to visualize skin microcirculations in 3D and to quantify microvascular vessel density under normal and @entity5144 in vivo. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIAL AND METHODS: An UHS-OMAG system operating at 1,310   nm wavelength was used for in vivo imaging of microcirculation in @entity1 skin. The system has a spatial resolution of    10     m       20     m (axial       lateral), running at 280   fps to acquire 3D imaging dataset to represent morphology and capillary level microvascular blood perfusion within the scanned skin tissue volume. The sensitivity of the system to the blood flow is as low as    4     m/second. With this system, we performed the imaging experiments on the skin of a volunteer with stable plaque-type @entity1569 . The microcirculation and structural information of normal and diseased skins were compared both qualitatively and quantitatively. RESULTS: The UHS-OMAG is capable of differentiating the microcirculation within the normal skins from that in the psoriatic skins. The 3D optical images show that the blood vessel elongation and the dense network in the @entity75 skin, the appearance of which is not observed within the normal skin. Based on the results obtained from one subject, the statistical analyses show that higher blood vessel density presented within the @entity75 skin than that of the normal skin. CONCLUSIONS: UHS-OMAG can be a valuable tool for imaging skin microcirculations non-invasively with high-speed and high-sensitivity, and therefore may have a useful role in future clinical diagnosis and treatment of @entity66 such as @entity1569 in @entity1 subjects.

title: In vivo volumetric imaging of microcirculation within @entity1 skin under XXXX using optical microangiography.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['dermatologic diseases']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis lesion', 'psoriatic lesion']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic conditions']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin conditions']

answer: @entity5144 :: (MESH:D015535,Disease) :: ['psoriatic conditions']