abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate early and long-term results of physical methods in the treatment of @entity3179 . METHOD: In group A after surgical operation, 40 @entity1 were treated with the high-voltage stimulation (HVS) (100   s, 100 Hz, 100 V) and drug therapy. In group B after operation, 37 @entity1 were treated with ultrasound (0.5 W/cm(2), 1 MHz) and drug therapy. In group C after operation, 33 @entity1 were treated with low-level laser therapy (LLLT) (810 nm, 65 mW) and drug therapy. In group D after operation, 35 @entity1 were treated with the compression stockings (25-31 mmHg) and drug therapy. In group E after operation, 37 @entity1 were only treated with drug therapy. Group F consisted of 32 @entity1 , conservatively treated with the HVS and drug therapy. Group G consisted of 20 @entity1 , conservatively treated with ultrasound and drug therapy. Group H consisted of 21 @entity1 , conservatively treated with LLLT and drug therapy. Group I consisted of 30 @entity1 , conservatively treated with compression and drug therapy. Group J consisted of 27 @entity1 only treated with drug therapy. RESULTS: Both short and long term parameters showed that compression therapy is the most efficient in @entity1066 . The electrical and ultrasound methods are less effective. The laser therapy ared useless. CONCLUSION: Superficial venous surgery in addition to compression therapy is the most efficient treatment of @entity3179 . The compression therapy should be continued both surgically and conservatively treated @entity1 with healed @entity1066 . In special cases after superficial venous surgery (isolated superficial reflux) compression therapy could be applied only to the time of @entity1066 closure without continuing it longer. HVS and ultrasound therapy are useful methods in conservative treatment of @entity3179 . For surgically-treated @entity1 these physical therapies are efficient only in superficial plus deep reflux cases. HVS and ultrasound can be alternative methods, but are less effective in recurrence risk. LLLT is not an efficient physical method in treatment of @entity3179 .

title: Early and long-term results of physical methods in the treatment of XXXX : randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer healing', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['venous leg ulcers']

answer: @entity3179 :: (MESH:D014647,Disease) :: ['venous leg ulcers']


abstract: The FDA approval of endovascular grafts for the treatment of @entity1028 has been associated with a dramatic increase in the use of these devices. Major referral centers are reporting the treatment of 75% to 80% of their @entity1 with @entity1028 with endovascular devices. The large quantity of endovascular devices being used has produced a growing number of management issues that are often not predictable during the preoperative assessment. These issues require complex intraoperative decision making and innovative techniques for their management as reflected by the subsequent case report. An 82-year-old @entity1 presented with a 7.8-cm @entity1028 . The @entity439 extended into the common iliac arteries bilaterally. The right common iliac artery was 6.5 cm and the left common iliac artery was 2.0 cm in maximal diameter. The preoperative work-up, including a computed tomography scan and arteriogram, suggested that he would be a potential candidate for endovascular repair. The plan was to extend the graft into the right external iliac artery after embolization of the right hypogastric artery and to seal the left limb in the ectatic left common iliac artery using an aortic extender cuff. During the endovascular repair of the @entity439 using the AneuRx bifurcated graft, the main device became dislodged from its infrarenal attachment site and migrated into the large right common @entity1029 with the iliac limb ending in the distal external iliac artery. A new bifurcated device was deployed from the left side to attempt an endovascular salvage of the difficult situation. The new graft was partially deployed down to the iliac limb. This allowed cannulation of the contralateral stump through the original endovascular graft that had migrated distally. The two grafts were connected with a long iliac limb. This allowed stabilization of the endovascular reconstruction by increasing its columnar strength. The deployment of the second bifurcated graft was completed and the central core with the runners removed safely without migration of the second bifurcated component. The reconstruction was completed with an aortic cuff in the left common iliac artery. The use of the aortic cuff was useful to preserve the left hypogastric artery. No intraoperative endoleak was noted. The @entity1 did well and was discharged the day following the procedure. The follow-up computed tomography scan shows the @entity1028 excluded by the endovascular graft with a defunctionalized portion of one bifurcated graft within the right common @entity1029 . There is no evidence of endoleak and the @entity1028 had decreased in size at 6 months. This case demonstrates one of the unique management problems that may arise during endovascular graft placement. Events that initially would suggest failure of the endoluminal treatment may be corrected using advanced endovascular techniques by an experienced surgeon. However, there will be times that the prudent decision will be conversion to open repair. Only good clinical judgement and adequate training will prevent catastrophic outcomes.

title: Migration of a bifurcated endovascular graft into an XXXX : endovascular salvage and future prevention--a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1029 :: ('MESH:D017543', 'Disease') :: ['iliac aneurysm', 'iliac artery aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aortoiliac aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity1029 :: (MESH:D017543,Disease) :: ['iliac aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Joint arthroplasty @entity1 have a high prevalence of co-morbidities and this impacts their surgical outcomes. There are different ways to ascertain co-morbidities and appropriate measurement is necessary. The purpose of this study was to: (1) describe the prevalence of co-morbidities in a @entity572 (THA) and knee arthroplasty (TKA) @entity1 using two diagnoses-based measures (Charlson and Elixhauser) and one prescription-based measure (RxRisk-V); (2) compare the agreement of co-morbidities amongst the measures. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of Australian veterans undergoing THAs (n   =   11,848) and TKAs (n   =   18,972) between 2001 and 2012 was conducted. Seventeen co-morbidities were identified using the Charlson, 30 using the Elixhauser, and 42 using the RxRisk-V measure. Agreement between co-morbidities was calculated using Kappa (k) statistics. RESULTS: Combining measures, 64 conditions were identified, of these 28 were only identified using the RxRisk-V, 11 using the Elixhauser, and 2 using the Charlson. The most prevalent conditions was @entity158 treated with anti-inflammatories (58.7  % THAs, 55.9  % TKAs), @entity158 treated with narcotics (55.0  % THAs, 50.9  % TKAs), @entity101 (56.0  % THAs and TKAs), and anticoagulation disorders (53.0  % THAs, 48.6  % TKAs). @entity6 was the only condition with substantial agreement (all k   >   0.6) amongst all measures. When comparing the diagnoses based algorithms, agreement was high for overlapping conditions (all k   >   0.71). CONCLUSIONS: Different measures identified different co-morbidities, provided different estimates for the same co-morbidity, and had different levels of agreement for common co-morbidities. This highlights the importance of understanding co-morbidity measures and using them appropriately in studies and case-mix adjustments analyses.

title: Comparing co-morbidities in total joint arthroplasty XXXX using the RxRisk-V, Elixhauser, and Charlson Measures: a cross-sectional evaluation.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['cohort of total hip arthroplasty']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We assessed the efficacy of a non- @entity902 -containing doublet chemotherapy of @entity136 and @entity1206 as induction therapy prior to surgical resection in @entity1 with stage IB-IIIA and selected stage IIIB @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). The primary clinical end point was radiographic disease response rate, and the secondary end points were pathologic response rate, treatment-related @entity137 , surgical resectability and outcome, and overall and disease-free survival. METHODS: @entity1 underwent staging with CT of the chest and upper-abdomen, whole-body @entity419 positron emission tomography, bronchoscopy, and mediastinoscopy. The @entity1 had to have medically and surgically resectable disease. Chemotherapy consisted of @entity136 , 1,000 mg/m(2), and @entity1206 , 25 mg/m(2), administered on days 1, 8, 22, and 29. Imaging studies were repeated between days 43 and 50. Disease response was assessed by response evaluation criteria in solid @entity5 , and @entity1 with resectable disease were offered surgery between days 50 and 70. @entity1 were followed up every 3 months for 2 years with chest CT. RESULTS: Between January 2000 and March 2004, 27 @entity1 with stage IB @entity1149 , 15 @entity1 with @entity1149 , and 20 @entity1 with stage III @entity1149 were entered. After induction chemotherapy 34% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23 to 48%) had an objective radiographic response, 2% had a complete pathologic response, 90% underwent thoracotomy, and 77% underwent a complete resection. There were four deaths in the 6-week period following surgery, and there were no deaths related to chemotherapy. There were no unexpected morbidities from surgery or chemotherapy. The 1-year and 2-year overall survival rates were 80% (95% CI, 68 to 88%) and 65% (95% CI, 50 to 76%), and the median overall survival was 38.2 months. CONCLUSIONS: Induction chemotherapy with @entity136 and @entity1206 results in 1-year and 2-year survival rates and a median survival time comparable to those obtained with @entity902 -containing doublets. However, it appears to be less efficacious in terms of radiographic and pathologic response rates compared with @entity902 -containing chemotherapy doublets.

title: Phase II study of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with @entity136 and @entity1206 in resectable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'stage II NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess, in a population of elderly @entity1 , the circumstances clinical and progressive characteristics and form of management of an acute @entity4391 (ACPO). METHOD: Retrospective study of the files of 40 @entity1 aged 70 and more having presented an acute @entity4391 and hospitalised in the university hospital in Dijon from January 1995 to June 2000. RESULTS: The population was composed of 24 @entity1 (60%) and 16 @entity1 (40%) with a mean age of 80.8 years. The reasons for hospitalisation were varied: only 15 @entity1 had been referred for an occlusive syndrome. 39 @entity1 presented with @entity1661 , 30 suffered from @entity490 . In this population, 17 @entity1 exhibited reduced or clearly limited mobility, 20 @entity1 had altered cognitive capacity with an MMS < 20. Thirty-eight @entity1 suffered from a progressive @entity299 and 8 @entity1 presented with advanced @entity303 . The usual treatment of these @entity1 to help the intestinal transit included diuretics in 25 cases and agents slowing the transit in 19 cases. Biologically speaking, hypokalaemia was observed in 21 cases and increased thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in 3 cases. An image was obtained of the abdomen without preparation in all @entity1 : the mean caecum diameter was of 9.8 cm. A colon aspiration was performed in 20 @entity1 and molecules to improve peristaltism were administered in 21 cases, with @entity1339 prescribed for 9 @entity1 . Surgery was required for 7 @entity1 and 3 of them subsequently died. In terms of progression, 20 @entity1 were cured after treatment, 13 relapsed and 7 @entity1 worsened. Unfortunately, 10 @entity1 died in our series. DISCUSSION: In our study, the clinical profiles of acute @entity4391 were similar to those described in the literature: they occurred in varying circumstances, in medical or surgical settings ina predominantly male population of elderly, heavily dependent, @entity1 . Treatment of this affection is not clearly codified for fragile @entity1 with @entity66 and the mortality rate observed should stimulate further studies, notably on pharmacological level.

title: [ XXXX in the elderly: retrospective study of 40 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4391 :: ('MESH:D003112', 'Disease') :: ['colonic pseudo-obstruction']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multiple diseases']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal distension']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1339 :: ('MESH:D009388', 'Chemical') :: ['neostigmine']

answer: @entity4391 :: (MESH:D003112,Disease) :: ['Ogilvie syndrome']


abstract: The diagnosis of @entity170 is often not considered, while many different pathophysiological conditions, as well as diseases, can determine or at least predispose to this syndrome. A detailed surveillance as well as an appropriate consideration of the general state of health and of the clinical history of the @entity1 are therefore mandatory. Once established the diagnosis of @entity170 , precise therapeutical directions are necessary as well as preventive strategies for evaluation of the disease and for the damages that can be derive: the @entity174 . It is a must to follow defined habits regarding life's style (i.e. appropriate diet, physical exercise, sun exposure, abstinence from drugs and excess of @entity167 ). Moreover, considering the age, the situation of the single @entity1 as well as the results of specific tests (i.e.: densitometry, X-ray, biochemical markers of bone metabolism), the first step is whether it is appropriate to start a therapy with antiresorptive drugs. It takes a long lasting therapeutical intervention, either for years or sometimes for the entire life, in order to avoid @entity174 due to @entity170 . These events are to be considered as the most dangerous consequences of @entity170 , since they can worsen life's quality and cause a great burden of personal sufferance and of economical costs for the community. During these long lasting pharmacological interventions, the @entity1 has to be checked at the appropriate time (usually every 18 months in terms of DXA), and at the most informative skeletal sites, in general the hip and the lumbar spine. @entity170 is a severe and @entity102 , and the related @entity174 impose an accurate consideration and surveillance by physicians. The @entity1 has to be motivated by clear information of the risks related to disease, in order to obtain a good compliance as regards the above mentioned therapy and life's style habits.

title: [Clinical surveillance of osteoporotic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 8015 Background: To assess quality of life (QL) in a multicentre phase III randomised trial evaluating the benefit of adding CT and/or @entity2670 to adjuvant @entity16235 in pre/perimenopausal @entity1 , and of adding CT to @entity16235 in postmenopausal @entity1 . Key QL outcomes included systemic and menopausal symptoms, mood, sexual functioning, body image, role functioning and global QL. METHODS: @entity1 reported QL using the EORTC QLQ-C30, BR23 @entity0 module, Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale (HADS) and Menopausal Symptom Scale (MSS), before randomisation and at 3, 6, 9, 18, 30, 48 and 72 months. RESULTS: From 1997-2000, 436/3854 @entity1 in the ABC trial were recruited to the QL study (247 in +/-CT comparison, 199 in +/- @entity2670 comparison), median age 49 (range 28-79). Compliance with QL forms was high; 99.8% at baseline ranging to 86.3% at 30 months. The addition of CT was associated with worse QL during the first 9 months for @entity308 (p=0.007), role function (p=0.003) and global QL (p=0.001) and a trend to worse QL for body image concerns (p=0.02), and sexual enjoyment (p=0.08). Systemic side effects (p=0.001) and menopausal problems (p=0.02) were worse over 30 months. The addition of @entity2670 resulted in increased menopausal symptoms (p<0.0001), @entity308 (p=0.05) and @entity148 (p=0.04) over 30 months but no deterioration in role function, global QL, body image or sexual function. CONCLUSIONS: Adverse QL counters the potential benefits of additional CT; therefore treatment choice should consider possible health gains and QL losses. The negative QL effect of @entity2670 is paralleled by a lack of clinical benefit in the ABC trial. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: The impact on quality of life of adding chemotherapy (CT) or @entity2670 ( @entity2670 ) to adjuvant tamoxifen ( @entity16235 ): Outcomes from the UK NCRI Adjuvant XXXX (ABC) trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this prospective, randomised study was to measure and evaluate regional bone mineral changes and clinical results following the use of cemented and cementless hemiarthroplasty (HA) for treatment of @entity2249 in elderly @entity1 . The study comprised 60 @entity1 , 30 with cemented HA (group A) and 30 with cementless HA (group B). All @entity1 underwent osteodensitometry of the contralateral hip, lumbar spine and bilateral distal femur. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was scheduled at 1 month, 6 months and 1 year after surgery. Harris Hip Score (HHS) was used for functional assessment. Overall mortality rate was 20.3% within 1 year after surgery. There were no significant differences in morbidity, mortality and hospital stay between the two groups of @entity1 . The implantation of cemented prosthesis took statistically significantly longer than that of cementless prosthesis (79.03  3.59 vs 68.02  5.97min; p=0.00). Functional score in @entity1 treated with cemented HA was significantly higher compared with those with cementless HA. There was a trend of less intensive reduction of @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in regions of interest of the lumbar spine and ipsilateral distal femur in @entity1 with cemented HA (group A), whereas @entity604 was less pronounced for the contralateral hip and distal femur in @entity1 treated with cementless HA (group B). Management of displaced @entity2249 in elderly @entity1 with cemented and cementless HA provides a comparable outcome with regard to morbidity and mortality; however, functional outcome of @entity1 treated with cementless HA tends to be lower. There is less intensive @entity79 in lumbar spine and ipsilateral distal femur in @entity1 treated with cemented HA, whereas @entity79 in @entity1 treated with cementless HA is more likely to be less intensive in contralateral hip and distal femur.

title: Regional XXXX following @entity2249 : A comparison between cemented and cementless hemiarthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD', 'BMD reduction']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck fracture', 'femoral neck fractures']

answer: @entity604 :: (MESH:D016301,Disease) :: ['bone loss']


abstract: MAIN CONCLUSION: @entity1110 oxidase AtrbohD an d AtrbohF negatively modulate lateral root development by changing the @entity50922 activity and increasing the local generation of @entity224 in primary roots of @entity958 in an auxin-independent manner. @entity1110 oxidase subunits AtrbohD and AtrbohF play pivotal roles in regulating growth, development and stress responses in @entity958 . However, whether they modulate lateral root (LR) formation has not yet been addressed, and the detailed mechanisms underlying the process remain unanswered. Here, we show that two null double mutants atrbohD1/F1 and atrbohD2/F2, in which both AtrbohD and AtrbohF genes are disrupted, had remarkably higher LR density than @entity164 ( @entity164 ), or the single mutant atrbohD1 and atrbohF1. Compared to @entity164 , the double mutants exhibited early emerged LRs and enhanced density of lateral root primordia (LRP). Unexpectedly, the production of @entity224 (O2 (-)), but not @entity273 , in the mature area of the primary root containing LRs significantly increased in the double mutants relative to that in @entity164 . Further experiments revealed that the local accumulation of O2 (-) led to the enhancement of LR density in the double mutants. Moreover, the @entity942 and AtrbohF caused a marked increase in @entity50922 activity in the mature root zone, which contributed to the localized accumulation of O2 (-) and the elevated LR density in the double mutants. Furthermore, the double mutants were not sensitive to exogenous auxin naphthalene acetic acid or auxin transport inhibitor @entity5563 in terms of LR formation. The auxin response of LRP in vivo in atrbohD1/F1 was also similar to that in @entity164 . Taken together, these results suggest that AtrbohD and AtrbohF negatively modulate LR development by controlling the local generation of @entity224 in an auxin-independent manner. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of @entity1110 oxidase-mediated regulation of LR branching in @entity958 .

title: AtrbohD and AtrbohF negatively regulate lateral root development by changing the localized accumulation of XXXX in primary roots of @entity958 .

entities_list: @entity5563 :: ('CHEBI:60833', 'Chemical') :: ['1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency of AtrbohD']

answer: @entity224 :: (MESH:D013481,Chemical) :: ['superoxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Biopsy progression on @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ) for @entity263 ( @entity263 ) often reflects failure of the initial biopsy to detect @entity5 present at enrollment. The risks for delayed treatment among @entity1 who progress on @entity3457 are not well defined. OBJECTIVE: To report outcomes for @entity1 who underwent surgery after @entity3457 compared to @entity1 who underwent immediate surgery and the influence of selection bias on this outcome. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : @entity3457 -eligible (ASE) @entity1 who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) after a median of 20 mo of @entity3457 were compared to ASE @entity1 who underwent RP within 6 mo of diagnosis. A subset of @entity1 on @entity3457 who underwent RP after upgrade to Gleason 3+4 was compared to matched controls with similar pretreatment biopsy features who underwent immediate RP. OUTCOME MEASUREMENT AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Rates of adverse pathology (upstaging, positive surgical margin, or Gleason upgrading) were examined. Logistic regression was used to determine associations between treatment subgroup and adverse pathology. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Of 157 ASE @entity1 who underwent delayed RP after @entity3457 , 54 were upgraded to Gleason 3+4 before surgery. ASE @entity1 who underwent immediate RP had lower probability of adverse pathology than ASE @entity1 who underwent delayed RP (hazard ratio [HR] 0.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.21-0.55). The rate of adverse pathology did not differ between immediate and delayed RP @entity1 matched for pretreatment characteristics (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.27-2.28). The observational design of this study is its main limitation. CONCLUSIONS: When compared to @entity1 with similar pretreatment biopsy features, those who underwent delayed RP were not at higher risk of adverse pathology. @entity1 SUMMARY: The oncologic safety of delayed treatment when indicated for @entity1 enrolled in @entity3457 for @entity263 is important. We found that @entity1 who underwent delayed surgery had similar outcomes to @entity1 who underwent immediate prostatectomy.

title: Immediate versus delayed radical prostatectomy: updated outcomes following @entity3457 of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'PATIENT', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PCa']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['active surveillance', 'AS']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test whether @entity1760 inhibits apoptosis during @entity7853 ( @entity7853 ) in the developing brain, we studied the effect of long-term @entity1760 treatment on an early marker of @entity528 (loss of @entity19744 ; @entity19744 ) and a marker of apoptosis (activated @entity4124 ) after @entity7853 in newborn @entity35 . METHODS: Seven-day-old @entity35 pups (n = 107) were exposed to unilateral carotid artery ligation and 2 hours of @entity519 (8% @entity26 in 92% @entity1568 ). @entity1760 was administered by a micro-osmotic pump implanted in the back, at an infusion rate of 75 mg/kg per hour for 3 days. @entity528 in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus was evaluated by loss of @entity19744 at 24 and 48 hours after @entity7853 and visually ranked by a semiquantitative, three-point scale (mild, moderate, and severe). @entity4124 activation was evaluated similarly in an adjacent section. Area and severity of the damaged lesion were compared between the two staining methods and between @entity1760 and controls, by chi(2) test and Fisher test. RESULTS: Three-day @entity1760 administration reduced loss of @entity19744 (from 33 of 50 to 21 of 45, P =.06) and activation of @entity4124 (from 34 of 50 to 21 of 45, P =.04) in the cerebral cortex after @entity7853 . There was no significant change in these immunostainings in the hippocampal regions. In the hippocampal @entity1251 , the severity ranked by activated @entity4124 staining was significantly less than that of @entity19744 staining. CONCLUSION: Long-term, post- @entity7853 treatment with @entity1760 inhibited @entity4124 activation and @entity19744 immunostaining, suggesting that @entity1760 inhibited apoptotic neuronal death of @entity7853 in 7-day-old @entity35 .

title: Effect of long-term, postasphyxial administration of magnesium sulfate on immunostaining of @entity19744 and activated XXXX in 7-day-old @entity35 brain.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity7853 :: ('MESH:D020925', 'Disease') :: ['HI', 'hypoxia-ischemia']

entities_list: @entity19744 :: ('25595(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['microtubule-associated protein-2', 'MAP-2']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damage', 'Neuronal loss']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium', 'Magnesium']

answer: @entity4124 :: (25402(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['caspase-3']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Survival from @entity5 is worse in England than in some European countries. To improve survival, strategies in England have focused on early presentation (reducing delay to improve stage at diagnosis), improving quality of care and ensuring equity throughout the @entity1 pathway. We assessed whether primary care characteristics were associated with later stage @entity5 at diagnosis (stages 3/4 versus 1/2) for female breast, lung, @entity14 . METHODS: Data obtained from the National @entity5 Registration Service, Quality Outcomes Framework, GP survey and GP workforce census, linked by practice code. Risk differences (RD) were calculated by primary care characteristics using a generalised linear model, accounting for @entity1 clustering within practices. Models were adjusted for age, sex and an area-based deprivation measure. RESULTS: For female @entity0 , being with a practice with a higher two week wait (TWW) referral rate (RD -1.8  % (95 % CI -0.5  % to -3.2  %) p   =   0.003) and a higher TWW detection rate (RD -1.7  % (95 % CI -0.3  % to -3.0  %) p   =   0.003) was associated with a lower proportion diagnosed later. Being at a practice where @entity1 thought it less easy to book at appointment was associated with a higher percentage diagnosed later (RD 1.8  % (95 % CI 0.2  % to 3.4  %) p   =   0.03). For @entity2 , being at practices with higher TWW referral rates was associated with lower proportion advanced (RD-3.6  % (95 % CI -1.8  %, -5.5  %) p   <   0.001) whereas being at practices with more @entity1 per GP was associated with higher proportion advanced (RD1.8  % (95 % CI 0.2, 3.4) p   =   0.01). A higher rate of gastrointestinal investigations was associated with a lower proportion of later stage @entity14 (RD -2.0  % (95 % CI -0.6  % to -3.6  %) p   =   0.01). No organisational characteristics were associated with @entity263 stage. CONCLUSION: Easier access to primary care, faster referral and more investigation for gastrointestinal symptoms could reduce the proportion of @entity1 diagnosed later for female breast, lung and colorectal, but not @entity263 . Differences between the four main @entity5 suggest different policies may be required for individual @entity5 to improve outcomes.

title: Primary care characteristics and stage of XXXX at diagnosis using data from the national @entity5 registration service, quality outcomes framework and general practice information.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal and prostate cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the reliability of aortic valve area planimetry by multiplane transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) in @entity472 . DESIGN: Study of the diagnostic value of aortic valve area planimetry using multiplane TOE, compared with catheterisation and the continuity equation, both being considered as criterion standards. SETTING: University hospital. @entity1 : 49 consecutive @entity1 (29 male, 20 female, aged 44 to 82 years, average 66.6 (SD 8.5)), referred for haemodynamic evaluation of an @entity472 , were enrolled in a prospective study. From this sample, 37 @entity1 were eligible for the final analysis. METHODS: Transthoracic and multiplane transoesophageal echocardiograms were performed within 24 hours before catheterisation. At transthoracic echo, aortic valve area was calculated by the continuity equation. At TOE, the image of the aortic valve opening was obtained with a 30-65 degrees rotation of the transducer. Numerical dynamic images were stored on optical discs for off-line analysis and were reviewed by two blinded observers. Catheterisation was performed in all cases and aortic valve area was calculated by the Gorlin formula. RESULTS: Feasibility of the method was 92% (48/52). The agreement between aortic valve area measured at TOE (mean 0.88 (SD 0.35) cm2) and at catheterisation (0.79 (0.24) cm2) was very poor. The same discrepancies were found between TOE and the continuity equation (0.72 (0.26) cm2). TOE planimetry overestimated aortic valve area determined by the two other methods. Predictive positive and negative values of planimetry to detect aortic valve area < 0.75 cm2 were 62% (10/16) and 43% (9/21) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Planimetry of aortic valve area by TOE is difficult and less accurate than the continuity equation for assessing the severity of @entity472 .

title: Planimetry of aortic valve area using multiplane transoesophageal echocardiography is not a reliable method for assessing severity of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic stenosis']


abstract: Two-staged resection arthroplasty with delayed reimplantation is currently the method of choice for treatment of an @entity281 . There is paucity of data regarding the risk factors for reinfection after reimplantation. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of two-stage resection arthroplasty for infected THA and to identify risk factors for reinfection. The outcome of this procedure was evaluated in 54 consecutive @entity1 at our institution from January 1999 to August 2005. The mean follow-up time for @entity1 who were successfully treated was 32 months (range: 24 to 76 months). Infection with @entity3256 -resistant organisms occurred in 33 @entity1 (61%). Recurrent @entity281 was diagnosed in 14 @entity1 (26%) after the second stage reimplantation procedure at an average of 10.6 months. An elevated ASA, which is an indicator of advanced comorbid health status, and @entity281 with @entity3256 -resistant organisms were risk factors for treatment failure. An additional 8% of the cohort developed early mechanical failure at a mean of 13.8 months. The increase in the number of resistant organisms and the rise in the number of @entity1 with comorbid conditions have compromised the efficacy of two-stage exchange arthroplasty. Hence novel techniques for the treatment of @entity281 are desperately needed.

title: XXXX : are current treatment strategies adequate?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infected total hip arthroplasty', 'periprosthetic infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Periprosthetic infection']


abstract: Skeletal biology is a complex process involving the developmental commitment and differentiation of chondrocytes and osteoblasts which produce and mineralize cartilage and bone matrix during growth and postnatal life. Several genes are involved in controlling osteogenesis by acting on target cells in a very complex manner. Manipulation of genes in @entity19 and studies of genetic mutations affecting the skeleton in @entity1 have enabled the assessment of the role of transcription factors, bone matrix proteins and regulatory factors involved in the control of chondrocyte and osteoblast differentiation, and have considerably improved our understanding of the bone formation process. Clinical studies and gene polymorphism analyses suggest that the variable expression of particular genes may be linked to clinical @entity170 . A major challenge in the future will be to develop molecularly targeted approaches to stimulating bone formation and increasing bone mass. The use of @entity19 models and transgenic animals with variable bone density may be useful to identify genetic determinants of bone mass which may serve as a basis for drug discovery and development. On the other hand, the availability of gene microarrays and other emerging genomic techniques are promising tools to identify genes that are distinctly expressed in health and disease. These technologies may also serve to test the mechanisms of action of drugs aimed at increasing bone formation. Genetic studies of the molecular signaling pathways involved in normal and pathological osteogenesis may also help to identify genes that could be targeted for therapeutic intervention. Candidate approaches include selective gene transfection in target cells and the use of drugs acting on gene promoters to selectively enhance gene expression in osteoblasts. The development of these strategies is expected not only to bring new insight into the molecular mechanisms that govern bone formation in normal and pathological situations but, in the long term, may also result in the identification of novel molecular targets for therapeutic interventions for @entity79 .

title: The molecular genetics of bone formation: implications for therapeutic interventions in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse strain']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone formation disorders']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) usually involves homework, the completion of which is a known predictor of a positive outcome. The aim of the present study was to examine the session-by-session relationships between enthusiasm to complete the homework and the improvement of @entity458 in @entity308 @entity1 through the course of therapy. METHODS: Working @entity1 with @entity308 were recruited to participate in the telephone CBT (tCBT) program with demonstrated effectiveness. Their enthusiasm for homework was enhanced with motivational interviewing techniques and was measured by asking two questions: "How strongly do you feel you want to do this homework?" and "How confident do you feel you can actually accomplish this homework?" at the end of each session. The outcome was the K6 score, which was administered at the start of each session. The K6 is an index of @entity458 including @entity308 and @entity148 . We used @entity2383 ( @entity2383 ) to elucidate the relationships between enthusiasm and the K6 scores from session to session. RESULTS: The best fitting model suggested that, throughout the course of behavior therapy (BT), enthusiasm to complete the homework was negatively correlated with the K6 scores for the subsequent session, while the K6 score measured at the beginning of the session did not influence the enthusiasm to complete the homeworks assigned for that session. CONCLUSIONS: Empirical data now support the practitioners of BT when they try to enhance their @entity1 's enthusiasm for homework regardless of the @entity1 's distress, which then would lead to a reduction in distress in the subsequent week. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00885014 . April 20, 2009.

title: Enthusiasm for homework and improvement of XXXX in @entity308 during behavior therapy: secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participant', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['subthreshold depression', 'depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['structural equation modeling', 'SEM']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['psychological distress']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aboriginal @entity1 globally, and First Nations @entity1 in Canada particularly, suffer from high rates of type 2 @entity6 and related complications compared with the general population. Research into the unique barriers faced by healthcare providers working in on-reserve First Nations communities is essential for developing effective quality improvement strategies. METHODS: In Phase I of this two-phased study, semi-structured interviews and focus groups were held with 24 healthcare providers in the Sioux Lookout Zone in north-western Ontario. A follow-up survey was conducted in Phase II as part of a larger project, the Canadian First Nations @entity6 Clinical Management and Epidemiologic (CIRCLE) study. The survey was completed with 244 healthcare providers in 19 First Nations communities in 7 Canadian provinces, representing three isolation levels (isolated, semi-isolated, non-isolated). Interviews, focus groups and survey questions all related to barriers to providing optimal @entity6 care in First Nations communities. RESULTS: the key factors emerging from interviews and focus group discussions were at the @entity1 , provider, and systemic level. Survey results indicated that, across three isolation levels, healthcare providers' perceived @entity1 factors as having the largest impact on @entity6 care. However, physicians and nurses were more likely to rank @entity1 factors as having a large impact on care than @entity497 ( @entity497 ) and physicians were significantly less likely to rank @entity1 -provider communication as having a large impact than @entity497 . CONCLUSIONS: Addressing @entity1 factors was considered the highest impact strategy for improving @entity6 care. While this may reflect " @entity1 blaming," it also suggests that self-management strategies may be well-suited for this context. Program planning should focus on training programs for @entity497 , who provide a unique link between @entity1 and clinical services. Research incorporating @entity1 perspectives is needed to complete this picture and inform quality improvement initiatives.

title: Challenges to the provision of XXXX care in first nations communities: results from a national survey of healthcare providers in Canada.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'peoples']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CHRs', 'community health representatives']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity296 can occur after @entity385 in the absence of primary cardiac causes. The neuroanatomic basis of @entity64 -related @entity296 is not well understood. OBJECTIVE: To identify regions of @entity4798 associated with @entity296 using a method free of the bias of an a priori hypothesis as to any specific location. METHODS: Of 738 consecutive @entity1 with acute @entity385 , the authors identified 50 @entity1 in whom serum @entity10020 ( @entity10020 ) elevation occurred in the absence of any apparent cause within 3 days of symptom onset. Fifty randomly selected, age- and sex-matched @entity1 with @entity385 without @entity10020 elevation served as controls. Diffusion-weighted images with outlines of @entity1188 were co-registered to a template, averaged, and then subtracted to find voxels that differed between the two groups. Voxel-wise p values were determined using a nonparametric permutation test to identify specific regions of @entity1188 that were associated with @entity10020 elevation. RESULTS: The study groups were well balanced with respect to @entity64 risk factors, history of @entity453 , @entity1188 volume, and frequency of right and left middle cerebral artery territory involvement. Brain regions that were a priori associated with @entity10020 elevation included the right posterior, superior, and medial insula and the right inferior parietal lobule. Among @entity1 with @entity2500 , the insular cluster was involved in 88% of @entity1 with and 33% without @entity10020 elevation (odds ratio: 15.00; 95% CI: 2.65 to 84.79). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1188 in specific brain regions including the right insula are associated with elevated serum @entity10020 level indicative of @entity296 .

title: Neuroanatomic correlates of XXXX -related @entity296 .

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarction']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury', 'Myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['right middle cerebral artery infarction']

entities_list: @entity10020 :: ('7139', 'Gene') :: ['cTnT', 'cardiac troponin T']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarctions', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the @entity174 strength and the mode of failure of endodontically treated molars restored with CAD/ @entity5380 overlays with fiber reinforced composite build-up of the pulp chamber. METHODS: 40 Devitalized molars were cut over the CEJ and divided into five groups (n=8). The pulp chamber area was filled with: group 0 (control), no resin build-up; group 1, hybrid composite build-up (G-aenial posterior, GC); group 2, as in group 1 but covered with 3 nets of bi-directional E-glass fibers (EverStickNET, Stick Tech Ltd.); group 3, a FRC resin (EverX posterior, GC); group 4, as in group 3 but covered by the bi-directional fibers. The crowns were restored with CAD- @entity5380 composite restorations (Lava Ultimate, 3M ESPE). Maximum @entity174 loads were recorded in Newton and data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test (p<0.05). Fragments were analyzed using SEM. RESULTS: The mean static loads in Newton were: group 0: 2448 (546); group 1: 2817 (873); group 2: 2128 (952); group 3: 2429 (1091); group 4: 2577 (833). No significant differences were found between the groups (p>0.05). All specimens fractured in a catastrophic way, under the CEJ. The main crack evolved in the corono-apical direction. In groups 2 and 4 secondary @entity174 paths with apico-coronal direction were detected close to the bi-directional fibers' layer. CONCLUSIONS: For the restoration of endodontically treated molars, the incorporation of FRCs did not influence the load-bearing capacity of the tooth-restoration complex. The SEM analysis showed a low ability of the bi-directional fibers net in deviating the @entity174 but this effect was not sufficient to lead more favorable @entity174 patterns, over the CEJ. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The use of FRCs to reinforce the "core" of devitalized molars against vertical @entity174 under static loads seems useless when the thickness of the CAD/ @entity5380 composite overlay restoration is high.

title: The effect of a fiber reinforced cavity configuration on load bearing capacity and failure mode of endodontically treated molars restored with CAD/ XXXX resin composite overlay restorations.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'fractures']

answer: @entity5380 :: (MESH:D020786,Disease) :: ['CAM']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aortic surgery is a risk factor for @entity647 and this may relate to ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) of the lower body and release of inflammatory mediators. The aim of this study was to define the changes in microvascular protein permeability and circulating inflammatory mediators after aortic surgery. METHODS: In 11 consecutive @entity1 who underwent elective aortic surgery microvascular permeability in lung and leg was measured before and a median of 2.8 hours after completion of surgery using 111indium (In)-labelled @entity69 and 99mtechnetium (Tc)-labelled red blood cells, yielding a protein leak index (PLI) that is specific for protein permeability. Circulating leucocyte counts and levels of inflammatory mediators were determined. RESULTS: In the lung the PLI rose from a median of 0.6 (range -0.5 to 2.2) x 10(-3)/min before surgery to 5.4 (-2.3 to 33.5) x 10(-3)/min after surgery, and in the leg from 0.3 (-1.6 to 1.7) x 10(-3)/min to 5.0 (1.0 to 27.8) x 10(-3)/min. The increase in PLI in the lung was related to that in the leg. Levels of activated complement C3a and @entity5 necrosis factor-alpha did not change, but levels of interleukin (IL)-6, @entity687 and elastase-alpha 1-antitrypsin increased. After surgery there was slight neutrophilia and the leucocyte counts were inversely related to the @entity687 level. The rise in lung but not in leg PLI was greatest in @entity1 with the highest @entity687 levels and the lowest leucocyte counts. CONCLUSIONS: Early after aortic surgery microvascular protein permeability increases in the leg and lung. @entity5721 may result in neutrophil activation and release of @entity687 , which may induce neutrophil sequestration and subsequently increased pulmonary microvascular permeability. These findings may help to explain the occurrence of @entity647 after I/R in @entity1 .

title: @entity647 after aortic surgery: the relation between lung and leg microvascular permeability to 111indium-labelled XXXX and circulating mediators.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['Leg I/R injury']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity69 :: (7018,Gene) :: ['transferrin']


abstract: HIGHLIGHTS: The combined use of fasting plasma @entity413 and hemoglobin A1c test is associated with significantly higher diagnostic rates of @entity5710 across age, race/ethnicity, and BMI than using only one test.Combined use of fasting plasma @entity413 , hemoglobin A1c, and oral @entity413 tolerance test do not improve the overall and gender-specific @entity5710 prevalence beyond what is observed using a combination fasting plasma @entity413 and hemoglobin A1c test.A redefined hemoglobin A1c test that incorporates racial/ethnic, gender, age, and BMI differences may provide a better way to use hemoglobin A1c test in population-based and clinical settings. AIM: To determine combinations of blood @entity413 tests: oral @entity413 tolerance (OGT), fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG), and hemoglobin @entity3916 (HbA1C) that are associated with highest diagnostic rates of @entity5710 in non-diabetic American @entity1 and adults. METHODS: The 2007-2008 U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys data were used for this study. Overall and specific prevalence of @entity5710 (defined using OGT   +   FPG, OGT   +   HbA1C, HbA1C   +   FPG, and OGT   +   FPG   +   HbA1C tests) were determined across age, race/ethnicity, sex, and BMI categories. RESULTS: FPG   +   HbA1C test was associated with significantly higher diagnostic rates of @entity5710 across age, race/ethnicity, and BMI. Estimates of overall prevalence of @entity5710 using OGT   +   FPG, OGT   +   HbA1C, HbA1C   +   FPG, and OGT   +   FPG   +   @entity4051 C tests were 20.3, 24.2, 33, and 34.3%, respectively. Compared to OGT   +   FPG, the use of HbA1C   +   FPG test in screening was associated with 44.8, 135, 38.6, and 35.9% increased prevalence of @entity5710 in non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Mexican-American, and other racial/ethnic @entity1 , respectively. The corresponding values in @entity1 were 67.8, 140, 37.2, and 42.6%, respectively. Combined use of all blood @entity413 tests did not improve the overall and gender-specific @entity5710 prevalence beyond what was observed using HbA1C   +   FPG test. CONCLUSION: @entity4051 C criteria were associated with higher diagnosis rates of @entity5710 than FPG and OGT tests in non-diabetic American @entity1 and adults. Using a combination of HbA1C and FPG test in screening for @entity5710 reduces intrinsic systematic bias in using just HbA1C testing and offers the benefits of each test. A well-defined HbA1C that takes into consideration race/ethnicity, gender, age, and body mass index may improve detection of @entity5710 in population and clinical settings.

title: Improving Detection of Prediabetes in @entity1 and Adults: Using Combinations of Blood XXXX Tests.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5710 :: ('MESH:D011236', 'Disease') :: ['prediabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['Glucose']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Weight-shifting exercise was empirically practised in correcting the biased posture of @entity1 with @entity64 -induced @entity1158 . OBJECTIVES: (1) Evaluate the loading symmetry at the buttock-seat interface as a reflection of a @entity154 in sitting. (2) Investigate if weight-shifting exercises could correct the postural problem of @entity1 with @entity1158 . DESIGN: Control group design. @entity1 : 16 subjects with @entity1158 after @entity64 and 14 healthy individuals. PROCEDURES: Subjects were assessed for buttock-seat interface loading while in erect sitting using a seat pressure mapping system. Subjects with @entity64 then practised one session of weight-shifting exercise followed by a reassessment. RESULTS: The subjects with @entity1158 , particularly those with right hemisphere lesion, had more load borne at the buttock ipsilateral to the side of @entity64 . The weight-shifting exercise did not produce an immediate improvement on the loading asymmetry. CONCLUSION: The exercise would require further investigation to clarify its benefits in treating postural problems after @entity64 .

title: Does weight-shifting exercise improve postural symmetry in sitting in XXXX with @entity1158 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['postural defect']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke lesion', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: @entity842 synthase requires @entity8083 for its activity. In animal models of @entity295 , changes in circulating @entity8083 concentrations precede increases in @entity1507 . We measured plasma @entity8083 and @entity1507 concentrations on three consecutive days in 10 @entity1 with @entity326 and 10 critically ill control @entity1 . Total @entity1507 concentration was measured after reduction of @entity3542 to @entity1507 . @entity8083 concentrations were measured using HPLC. The median (range) APACHE II score was 22 (13-27) in the @entity1 with @entity326 and 25 (7-28) in the control group. The @entity1507 concentration was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity326 than in controls (P = 0.01) on all days but did not change with time. @entity8083 concentrations were highest in the @entity1 with @entity326 on day 1 only (P = 0.037). In the seven @entity1 with @entity177 , both @entity1507 and @entity8083 concentrations tended to be higher than in the 13 @entity1 without @entity177 . The @entity1507 concentration correlated with @entity8083 concentration on day 1 only (P = 0.05). In @entity1 with @entity326 , both @entity8083 and total @entity1507 concentrations were higher than those in critically ill controls but were increased mainly in @entity1 with @entity177 . In summary, @entity8083 concentration increases during @entity326 , in line with increases in @entity1507 concentration. However, as for @entity1507 , concentrations

title: Circulating XXXX concentrations in @entity1 with @entity326 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8083 :: ('MESH:C003402', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrahydrobiopterin', 'Tetrahydrobiopterin']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

answer: @entity8083 :: (MESH:C003402,Chemical) :: ['tetrahydrobiopterin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Use of blue dye alone as a marker for @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) biopsy is effective, but combining it with isotope marking can improve the success rate. Use of the isotope adds extra cost and there are potential radiation hazards. The two techniques were compared in a randomized trial. METHODS: @entity1 with early @entity0 (less than 3 cm) and no palpable axillary nodes were recruited. @entity1 older than 70 years with @entity5 or previous surgery to the breast or axilla were excluded. @entity1 were randomized to either blue dye alone or combined mapping for @entity1600 biopsy. All @entity1 had a level I and II axillary dissection after the @entity1600 biopsy. RESULTS: A total of 123 @entity1 were recruited, of whom five were excluded from analysis. Blue dye alone was used in 57 @entity1 and 61 had combined mapping. Baseline demographic data were similar in the two cohorts. The success rate of @entity1600 biopsy was higher with combined mapping than with blue dye alone (100 versus 86 per cent; P = 0.002). The accuracy and false-negative rate were similar (accuracy 100 per cent for combined mapping versus 98 per cent for blue dye; false-negative rate 0 versus 5 per cent). CONCLUSION: Combined mapping was superior to blue dye alone in identification of the @entity1600 , but accuracy and false-negative rates were similar.

title: Randomized clinical trial comparing blue dye with combined dye and isotope for @entity1600 biopsy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['multicentric cancers']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['sentinel lymph node', 'SLN']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity2247 ( @entity2247 .) that had been malted for 5 d developed only a small amount of bound (inactive) limit dextrinase, and very little free (active) enzyme was detected. Continuation of malting for up to 10 d only slightly increased the amount of both bound and free forms. Grain grown under conditions of ample moisture (wet grown) for 5 d produced a much higher amount of bound enzyme but a similarly low amount of free enzyme compared to malting conditions. After 10 d of growth there was a decrease in the amount of bound enzyme and a large increase in the amount of free enzyme, such that almost all of the enzyme was present in the free form. A more detailed study of limit dextrinase development in wet-grown grains revealed that a bound form was rapidly produced soon after germination. Five to 6 d after germination the amount of bound enzyme decreased rapidly and a very low amount was found in grains 9 d after germination. Meanwhile, a free form appeared slightly later and its initial rate of development was slow. At about 5 d after germination, precisely when the bound enzyme began to decrease, the free form increased rapidly, so that by 9 d after germination nearly all the enzyme was in the free form. The release of bound limit dextrinase in vitro occurred by proteolytic modification through the action of @entity462 proteinases that were kept active or activated by the presence of reduced @entity1433 in the extraction medium. The presence of @entity462 proteinases was confirmed by inhibition studies using the inhibitors @entity8867 , @entity8816 , antipain, and leupeptin. In addition, most of the bound form of limit dextrinase was soluble in 0.2 M @entity13101 buffer (pH 5.0) following extraction at 30[deg]C for 16 h and centrifugation at 3000g.

title: Development of Limit Dextrinase in Germinated @entity2247 ( XXXX .) (Evidence of Proteolytic Activation).

entities_list: @entity13101 :: ('MESH:D019346', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium acetate']

entities_list: @entity2247 :: ('4513', 'Species') :: ['Barley', 'Hordeum vulgare L']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity8867 :: ('MESH:D007460', 'Chemical') :: ['iodoacetamide']

entities_list: @entity8816 :: ('MESH:D005033', 'Chemical') :: ['N-ethylmaleimide']

answer: @entity2247 :: (4513,Species) :: ['Hordeum vulgare L']


abstract: @entity1 @entity860 -activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the downstream component of a cascade that is activated by cellular stresses associated with @entity855 depletion. AMPK exists as heterotrimeric alphabetagamma complexes, where the catalytic subunit has two isoforms ( @entity6927 ) with different tissue distributions. The budding @entity375 homologue is the SNF1 kinase complex, which is essential for derepression of @entity413 -repressed genes, and seems to act by the direct phosphorylation of transcription factors in the nucleus. AMPK complexes containing the alpha2 rather than the @entity6927 isoform have a greater dependence on @entity860 (approx. 5-fold stimulation compared with approx. 2-fold) both in direct allosteric activation and in reactivation by the upstream kinase. We have also examined their subcellular localization by using Western blotting of nuclear preparations, and by using two detection methods in the confocal microscope, i.e. indirect immunofluorescence of endogenous proteins and transfection of DNA species encoding green fluorescent protein-alpha-subunit fusions. By all three methods a significant proportion of alpha2, but not @entity6927 , is localized in the nucleus. Like SNF1, @entity33725 complexes could therefore be involved in the direct regulation of gene expression. The observed differences in the regulation of @entity6927 complexes by @entity860 might result in differential responses to @entity855 depletion in distinct cellular and subcellular locations.

title: @entity860 -activated protein kinase: greater XXXX dependence, and preferential nuclear localization, of complexes containing the alpha2 isoform.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Mammalian']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity860 :: (MESH:D000249,Chemical) :: ['AMP']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the influence of baseline U-100 insulin @entity2794 ( @entity2794 ) on clinical outcomes in severely insulin-resistant @entity1 with inadequately controlled type 2 @entity6 treated with @entity1 regular U-500 insulin (U-500R) from the perspective of current dosing recommendations. METHODS: Data from a recent prospective, randomized @entity2794 ( @entity2794 ) and twice-daily (BID) U-500R in 325 @entity1 transitioned from high-dose/high-volume U-100 insulin were analyzed across baseline U-100 @entity2794 units and units/kg subgroups ( <=300 units [n = 224, 68.9%] and >300 units [n = 101, 31.1%];  <=2 units/kg [n = 96, 29.5%] and >2 units/kg [n = 229, 70.5%]). Subgroup effects on treatment differences were evaluated, and outcomes between treatment-pooled subgroups were compared. RESULTS: At 24 weeks, significant reduction in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was observed for all subgroups (range: -1.01% to -1.38%, P < .05). Within-subgroup treatment effects were similar with no treatment-by-subgroup interactions; however, greater reduction was noted in the >300-units subgroup (P = .04). No @entity2794 /BID differences within subgroups or treatment-by-subgroup interactions were observed for @entity2794 or weight increase from baseline. Overall @entity4053 rates were similar between treatments (within subgroups) and showed no interactions. However, rates were higher in the >300-units subgroup for severe @entity4053 (P = .04) and in both higher-dose subgroups for documented symptomatic @entity4053  <=70 mg/dL (P < .001, units; P = .001, units/kg). CONCLUSION: Both @entity2794 and BID U-500R were efficacious and safe across @entity2794 subgroups, though higher @entity4053 rates were observed in higher-dose, treatment-pooled subgroups. Accordingly, U-500R dosing recommendations have been updated.

title: EFFECT OF TOTAL DAILY DOSE ON EFFICACY, DOSING, AND SAFETY OF 2 DOSE TITRATION REGIMENS OF @entity1 REGULAR U-500 INSULIN IN SEVERELY INSULIN-RESISTANT XXXX WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['total daily dose', 'trial comparing thrice-daily', 'TID', 'TDD']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['PATIENTS']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the management of coexisting severe @entity543 in candidates for coronary artery bypass grafting. METHODS: Twenty-six candidates for coronary artery bypass complicated with severe @entity543 > or = 70% were analyzed retrospectively. The prevalence of significant @entity543 was 6.4%. There were 21 males and 5 females with a mean age of 65.3 +/- 9.3 years. The hemodynamics of cerebral circulation, intervention for @entity543 , surgical mortality, morbidity, and long-term survival were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The prevalence of bilateral @entity543 was 30.8% (8/26). Nine @entity1 had total occlusion of the internal carotid artery, 10 had @entity543 of 90-99%, and 7 had @entity543 of 70-89%. Seven @entity1 required mechanical support for @entity1887 , including six @entity1 requiring simultaneous artificial ventilation and intraaortic balloon pumping, and one requiring intraaortic balloon pumping. Concomitant carotid endarterectomy and coronary bypass grafting was performed in 10 @entity1 , preceding carotid endarterectomy in 1, and preceding coronary bypass grafting with subsequent carotid endarterectomy in 7. Cardiopulmonary bypass was used in 22 @entity1 . There was no surgical @entity204 . Although one @entity1 undergoing concomitant carotid endarterectomy and coronary artery bypass grafting had perioperative @entity64 , the remaining @entity1 recovered without any @entity16 (morbidity of @entity64 : 3.8%). The five-year survival rate was 71.9 +/- 11.7%. CONCLUSIONS: Coronary artery bypass grafting in candidates with @entity543 can be treated safely when appropriate preoperative evaluation and surgical strategies are utilized.

title: [Clinical outcome for coronary artery bypass grafting in XXXX with severe carotid occlusive disease].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complication']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6701 nanoparticles ( @entity3759 NP) are present in several daily use products, and the risks associated with their bioaccumulation must be stablished. Thus, an evaluation of several toxicological-related effects was conducted after intraperitoneal injection of @entity3759 NPs in @entity19 . @entity19 were divided into two groups, which received 2 mg kg(-1) day(-1) of @entity3759 NPs or vehicle saline. Assessments of body and organ weight as well as biochemical, hematological, and histopathological analyses were performed in order to evaluate adverse effects. The results showed that treatment resulted in an increased visceral and abdominal fat deposition, as well as a mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates in the abdominal fat tissue. The @entity3759 NPs induced significant @entity1017 and @entity381 . Additionally, @entity3759 NP-treated @entity19 showed altered hematological parameters and significant @entity99 , which were characterized by histopathological and biochemical changes. Our results also indicated that @entity3759 NPs were absorbed and significantly accumulated in the spleen, liver, and kidney. These results showed the ability of @entity3759 NPs to infiltrate different organs and to induce @entity32 and liver and @entity16 . The data obtained are useful for the governmental authorities to legislate and implement regulations concerning the use and the production of this kind of material that might be hazardous to the living beings, as well as to the environment.

title: Visceral fat increase and signals of @entity32 in adipose tissue after administration of XXXX nanoparticles in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['spleen damage with visceral fat accumulation']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in the weight gain']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity6701 :: ('MESH:C009495', 'Chemical') :: ['Titanium dioxide']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injuries']

answer: @entity6701 :: (MESH:C009495,Chemical) :: ['titanium dioxide']


abstract: Whole body fat oxidation increases during exercise. However, 24-h fat oxidation on a day with exercise often remains similar to that of sedentary day, when energy intake is increased to achieve an @entity558 . The present study aimed to examine a possibility that time of the day when exercise is performed makes differences in 24-h fat oxidation. As a potential mechanism of exercise affecting 24-h fat oxidation, its relation to exercise-induced transient @entity51 was examined. Nine young male endurance athletes underwent three trials of indirect calorimetry using a metabolic chamber, in which they performed a session of 100 min of exercise before breakfast (AM), after lunch (PM), or two sessions of 50 min of exercise before breakfast and after lunch (AM/PM) at 65% of maximal @entity26 uptake. Experimental meals were designed to achieve individual energy balance. Twenty-four-hour energy expenditure was similar among the trials, but 24-h fat oxidation was 1,142    97, 809    88, and 608    46 kcal/24 h in descending order of its magnitude for AM, AM/PM, and PM, respectively (P < 0.05). Twenty-four-hour @entity1735 oxidation was 2,558    110, 2,374    114, and 2,062    96 kcal/24 h for PM, AM/PM, and AM, respectively. In spite of @entity558 over 24 h, exercise induced a transient @entity51 , the magnitude of which was negatively correlated with 24-h fat oxidation (r = -0.72, P < 0.01). Similarly, transient @entity1735 deficit after exercise was negatively correlated with 24-h fat oxidation (r = -0.40, P < 0.05). The time of the day when exercise is performed affects 24-h fat oxidation, and the transient energy/ @entity1735 deficit after exercise is implied as a factor affecting 24-h fat oxidation.

title: Transient XXXX induced by exercise increases 24-h fat oxidation in young trained men.

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['energy deficit']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['energy-balanced condition']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity51 :: (MESH:D009461,Disease) :: ['energy deficit']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The expansion of the indications for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) to include early @entity356 has enabled extensive resection. However, post-ESD @entity850 after large resections applied to the @entity356 or pylorus is often difficult to manage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefit of oral @entity617 and @entity2713 injection for @entity850 after gastric ESD. METHODS: Eight @entity1 who underwent ESD for large neoplastic lesions that extended more than three-fourths of the luminal circumference were enrolled in this study. Four @entity1 underwent ESD for @entity356 , and four @entity1 were treated for pyloric lesions. To prevent post-ESD stricture, oral @entity617 was started at 30 mg daily on the second day after ESD and then tapered gradually in two cases, while topical injection of 80 mg @entity2713 was performed once immediately after ESD in six cases. @entity384 ( @entity384 ) was used for stricture-related symptoms or signs including @entity390 , @entity391 , or food residuals observed on endoscopy. @entity384 was also applied if a 10-mm-diameter endoscope was not able to pass through the lumen. The incidence of @entity850 , the frequency and period required for @entity384 , the duration required for @entity1066 after ESD, and the incidences of @entity548 and perforation were assessed. RESULTS: One of the eight @entity1 had post-ESD @entity850 requiring @entity384 . The median @entity1066 period after ESD was 87.5 (range, 56-133) days. No @entity1 experienced @entity548 or perforation. There were no adverse events due to @entity134 therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study showed the safety and usefulness of @entity134 therapy for management of @entity850 after large ESD in the @entity356 or pylorus.

title: Oral @entity617 and @entity2713 injection for XXXX after endoscopic submucosal dissection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['post-procedural bleeding']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['EBD', 'Endoscopic balloon dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer healing']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cardia cancer', 'gastric cardia', 'gastric cancers']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric stricture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We aimed to analyse the frequency and patterns of @entity998 -related injuries presenting to the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) across Pakistan. METHODS: Pakistan National Emergency Departments surveillance system collected data from November 2010 to March 2011 on a 24/7 basis using a standardized tool in seven major @entity341 (five public and two private hospitals) in six major cities of Pakistan. For all @entity1 presenting with @entity998 -related injuries, we analysed data by intent with focus on unintentional falls. Simple frequencies were run for basic @entity1 demographics, mechanism of falls, outcomes of @entity130 , mode of arrival to ED, investigations, and procedures with outcomes. RESULTS: There were 3335 @entity998 -related injuries. In cases where intent was available, two-thirds (n = 1186, 65.3%) of @entity130 were unintentional. Among unintentional @entity998 @entity1 presenting to @entity341 , the majority (76.9%) were males and between 15-44 years of age (69%). The majority of the unintentional falls (n = 671, 56.6%) were due to slipping, followed by @entity998 from height (n = 338, 28.5%). About two-thirds (n = 675, 66.6%) of @entity130 involved extremities, followed by head/neck (n = 257, 25.4%) and face (n = 99, 9.8%). Most of the @entity1 were discharged from the hospital (n = 1059, 89.3%). There were 17 (1.3%) deaths among unintentional @entity998 cases. CONCLUSION: Falls are an important cause of @entity130 to @entity341 in Pakistan. Most of the @entity130 @entity1 were @entity1 and in a productive age group. @entity130 pose a burden on the healthcare system, especially emergency services, and future studies should therefore focus on safety measures at home and in workplaces to reduce this burden.

title: Pattern of XXXX in Pakistan: the Pakistan National Emergency Department Surveillance (Pak-NEDS) study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency departments', 'EDs']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury-related visits', 'fall injury', 'fall injuries', 'Fall injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['fall injuries']


abstract: Selective posterior rhizotomy is effective for relieving @entity508 associated with @entity306 . In current techniques dorsal roots from @entity6812 to S1/S2 are selectively divided. With transoperative electromyography (EMG) significant sensory loss has been prevented, but postoperative @entity2421 following excessive reduction of the fusimotor drive is still of concern for surgeons and therapists. To decrease the volume of deafferentiated rootlets we proposed a limited selective posterior rhizotomy (LPSR) that limits the extent of the surgery to three (L4-S1) or two (L5-S1) dorsal roots. We present the results of two group of @entity508 @entity1 ; group 1 (n = 59, 32 quadriplegic and 27 diplegic) who had a L4-S1 LPSR, and group 2 (n = 12) in whom L5 and S1 were selectively rhizotomized. Posture, passive movilization, range of joint movement, and muscle tone in hip flexors, adductors, @entity1795 were graded according to the method proposed by Sindou and Jeanmonod. In all groups these was a significant reduction of the mentioned parameters (Friedman test p < 0.001) at 6, 12 and 18 months after surgery. The preoperative and postoperative ability to ambulate was classified into five grades. In all groups there was a significant (chi 2 between p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) improvement in the quality of their gait. A third of the @entity1 achieved some form of independent ambulation. Our results suggest that extensive selective deafferentation of the lower limbs is not an absolute requisite for reducing muscle tone or achieving functional improvement in @entity508 @entity1 .

title: Limited (L4-S1, L5-S1) selective dorsal rhizotomy for reducing @entity508 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity', 'spastic']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity1795 :: ('MESH:D052582', 'Disease') :: ['leg flexors and plantar flexors']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['cerebral palsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity842 (NO) promotes endothelial proliferation and migration, essential for angiogenesis. The purpose of this study was to determine the cellular expression of inducible and endothelial @entity842 synthases (iNOS and eNOS) in an @entity296 animal model of needle-induced transmyocardial revascularization (TMR). METHODS: @entity583 was created in @entity35 by ligating the left coronary artery, and animals were divided into two groups: no-TMR group (served as control) and TMR group (underwent concomitant TMR by the creation of six transmural channels with a 25-gauge needle in the @entity63 area). @entity35 were sacrificed at intervals of 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks. Immunohistochemistry using specific antisera was performed for iNOS, eNOS, and endothelial cell marker factor VIII. Vascular density and positive staining area with either iNOS or eNOS were assessed in the @entity1188 . RESULTS: Vascular density in the @entity1188 was significantly increased in the TMR group (p < 0.001). The positive staining area for iNOS and the intensity of iNOS immunoreactivity in cardiomyocytes, vascular endothelium, and macrophages were significantly greater in the TMR group (p < 0.05). However, these differences were seen only in the first 2 weeks after TMR. There was no significant difference in the expression of eNOS between groups. CONCLUSIONS: A mechanical injury using needle puncture in an @entity63 myocardium increased vascular density and is associated with increased expression of myocardial iNOS. Increased production of NO derived from iNOS may contribute to the angiogenic response of TMR.

title: XXXX system in needle-induced transmyocardial revascularization.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcted myocardium']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide', 'nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['Nitric oxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the complications of surgical treatments for femoral intertrochateric @entity174 using @entity572 ( @entity572 ). METHODS: From Jan. 2002 to Dec. 2007, sixty-nine @entity1 with intertrochanteric @entity174 were treated by @entity572 fixation included 27 males and 42 females,with an average age of 72.9 years ranging from 53 to 96 years. According to Evans classification there were 10 cases in type I ,21 in type II, 22 in type III, and 16 in type IV, of which 51 @entity1 (73.9%) suffered from @entity66 preoperatively. RESULTS: Fifty-seven @entity1 were followed up for 8 to 70 months (41 months on average). Four @entity1 died, 17 cases occurrenced systematic complications postoperatively. Internal fixation related complications occurred in 12 @entity1 . There were 8 cases with mechanical failure of @entity572 including 4 of screw loosen,3 of cutting-out of device through femoral head and neck and 1 of plate breakage. Five @entity1 had a @entity3192 , and delayed union occurred in 4 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Unstable @entity174 pattern produced high percentage of mechanical failure. In such cases @entity572 should not be the first choice for treatment. The appropriate treatment should be in relation to pre-operative @entity174 stability and @entity170 .

title: [Complications of surgical treatment for femoral intertrochanteric @entity174 using XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['systematic diseases']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['dynamic hip screw', 'DHS']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['dynamic hip screw']


abstract: @entity1468 , hallmarked by de novo @entity101 and @entity644 in pregnancy, has a familial tendency. Recently, a large Icelandic genome-wide scan provided evidence for a maternal susceptibility locus for @entity1468 on chromosome 2p13 which was confirmed by a genome scan from Australia and New Zealand (NZ). The current study reports on a genome-wide scan of Dutch affected sib-pair families. In total 67 Dutch affected sib-pair families, comprising at least two siblings with @entity1468 , @entity3036 or @entity2102 , were typed for 293 polymorphic markers throughout the genome and linkage analysis was performed. The highest allele sharing lod score of 1.99 was seen on chromosome 12q at 109.5 cM. Two peaks overlapped in the same regions between the Dutch and Icelandic genome-wide scan at chromosome 3p and chromosome 15q. No overlap was seen on 2p. Re-analysis in 38 families without @entity2102 ( @entity1468 families) and 34 families with at least one sibling with @entity2102 ( @entity2102 families), revealed two peaks with suggestive evidence for linkage in the non- @entity2102 families on chromosome 10q (lod score 2.38, D10S1432, 93.9 cM) and 22q (lod score 2.41, D22S685, 32.4 cM). The peak on 12q appeared to be associated with @entity2102 ; it increased to a lod score of 2.1 in the @entity2102 families and @entity2402 in the @entity1468 families. A nominal peak on chromosome 11 in the @entity1468 families showed overlap with the second highest peak in the Australian/NZ study. Results from our Dutch genome-wide scan indicate that @entity2102 might have a different genetic background than @entity1468 .

title: A genome-wide scan for XXXX in the Netherlands.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity2402 :: ('MESH:D010015', 'Disease') :: ['almost disappeared']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2102 :: ('MESH:D017359', 'Disease') :: ['HELLP', 'HELLP-syndrome', 'HELLP syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia', 'proteinuric preeclampsia', 'Preeclampsia']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['preeclampsia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: House dust mites (HDMs) are the most important source of indoor aeroallergens that contribute to the rising incidence of @entity56 such as @entity56 . The major HDM, Der f 2, induces inflammatory cytokine expression. Little is known about the signaling pathway involved. OBJECTIVE: We wanted to define the Der f 2 signaling pathway from its receptor to the transcription factor responsible for @entity1312 expression and production. METHODS: @entity1 bronchial epithelial cells were stimulated with Der f 2. The release and gene expression of @entity1312 were measured by means of ELISA and RT-PCR, respectively. In the airway inflammation @entity19 model, airway responses were assessed using ELISA, histology, BAL fluid, and @entity2710 responsiveness. RESULTS: Here, we show that Der f 2 binds to @entity1990 and induces @entity1312 expression and production. In the airway inflammation @entity19 model, Der f 2-induced @entity1312 production significantly decreased with treatment of @entity34041 , a novel @entity1990 inhibitor. Activation of @entity1990 by Der f 2 requires the recruitment and activation of @entity26511 , which leads to phosphorylation of PLCy and membrane translocation of @entity18335 . @entity1995 is then activated by @entity18335 and stimulates @entity60992 activity by phosphorylating the Thr147 residue of @entity60992 . @entity60992 activation enhanced binding of @entity8235 to @entity37362 and leads to increased expression of @entity1312 . CONCLUSION: Our data extend the knowledge for a variety of possible roles of @entity60992 in @entity56 including @entity565 pathogenesis and suggest possible candidacy of @entity60992 as a molecular target for novel therapeutic approaches.

title: The @entity1990 -associated phospholipase D1 activation is crucial for Der f 2-induced XXXX production.

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic disorders', 'allergic diseases', 'allergic asthma']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity1312 :: (16163(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IL-13']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since the identification of @entity8265 ( @entity8265 ) as the antigen for the @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ), several antigen-specific immunoassays have been reported for @entity1593 ( @entity1593 ) screening. A first objective was to evaluate the suitability for @entity1593 screening of three different IgA @entity8265 ELISAs, two of them based on @entity840 liver @entity8265 (gp- @entity8265 ) (an in-house ELISA with a partially purified extract and a commercial ELISA with purified gp- @entity8265 antigen) and a third recombinant @entity1 @entity8265 (rh- @entity8265 ) ELISA. The results are compared with @entity1701 and with the final clinical diagnosis. A second objective was to analyze antibody reactivities in those patients with anti- @entity8265 and @entity1701 . METHODS: ELISA and @entity1701 tests were used to measure IgA anti- @entity8265 levels in sera from 259 @entity1 (107 had @entity1593 and 72 had @entity6 ). RESULTS: The purified gp- @entity8265 ELISA was highly sensitive (97.7%) and specific (98.8%) in the detection of @entity1593 , almost equaling @entity1701 . Rh- @entity8265 ELISA did not improved the sensitivity of @entity1701 , but its specificity was slightly superior. Immunoblot analysis with partially purified gp- @entity8265 extract, the antigen most frequently used for anti- @entity8265 detection, showed that the majority of false positives were due to IgA reactivities to contaminant proteins present in the liver antigenic extract. This low specificity was particularly problematic in diabetics. CONCLUSION: Purified @entity8265 ELISAs, either with purified @entity840 liver or recombinant human antigens, can be used as quantitative and observer-independent alternatives to the traditional and time-consuming @entity1701 in the screening of @entity1593 .

title: Anti-transglutaminase IgA ELISA: clinical potential and drawbacks in XXXX diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease', 'CD']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Type I diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['EMA discrepancies', 'anti-endomysial antibodies', 'EMA']

entities_list: @entity8265 :: ('7052', 'Gene') :: ['tissue transglutaminase', 'tTG']

answer: @entity1593 :: (MESH:D002446,Disease) :: ['celiac disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of Cefaclor AF vs @entity4581 in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic @entity3617 in adult subjects. @entity1 AND METHODS: This study was conducted on 300 @entity1 suffering from acute exacerbation of chronic @entity3617 , who attended the out @entity1 clinics of ten different hospitals throughout Pakistan. @entity55 , @entity4595 and @entity378 were excluded with the help of chest radiography and sputum smear examination. Pretherapy sputum culture and sensitivity (c/s) were tested and @entity1 were randomized and supplied with either tablet Cefaclor 375 mg or tablet @entity4581 250 mg to be taken twice daily. @entity1 were evaluated at day 0 and then at day 3-5 and day 10-11. Post therapy sputum c/s was done on day 10-11. A fourth and final visit was planned on day 20-24 which was optional. At each visit, the severity of disease and the signs and symptoms were recorded on the clinical report forms according to the preset standards. RESULTS: Of 136 @entity1 in the Cefaclor group and 142 @entity1 in the @entity4581 group, cure was achieved in 44 vs 35 subjects, improvement in 78 vs 91 subjects and failure in 16 vs 18 subjects among Cefaclor vs @entity4581 groups respectively. The overall clinical efficacy (cure and improvement combined ) was 88.4% in the Cefaclor group and 87.5% in the @entity4581 group. Nine @entity1 in the Cefaclor group and @entity1 in the @entity4581 group had one adverse event whereas twelve @entity1 in each group had two or more adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: The above results show that both Cefaclor AF and @entity4581 are equally effective and safe in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic @entity3617 in adult @entity1 .

title: Cefaclor AF vs XXXX in acute exacerbation of chronic @entity3617 (B3M-PK-AJBG).

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['Clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity4581 :: (MESH:D017291,Chemical) :: ['Clarithromycin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 6068 Background: This study assessed willingness to pay (WTP) to avoid chemotherapy induced @entity1209 (CINV) among 303 @entity5 @entity1 . METHODS: WTP was assessed using results from a conjoint survey. @entity1 viewed 25 scenarios each involving 2 descriptions of CINV and indicated which they preferred. Each scenario represented a combination of levels from 8 CINV related attributes. Importance scores assessing attribute contribution to selection and WTP values were calculated using preference coefficients from a series of probit models. RESULTS: @entity1 were 79% Caucasian and 16% African American. Mean age was 59.4 years (range=26-86). 40% had @entity0 , 35% @entity2 , and 25% @entity14 . 68% were on HEC/ @entity17469 , 22% had been on HEC/ @entity17469 in the last 6 months, and 10% were chemotherapy na  ve. Important scores for attributes were cost: 0.21, chance @entity390 : 0.07, length @entity390 : 0.15, severity @entity390 : 0.16, chance @entity391 : 0.18, and dehydration: 0.15, indicating cost was the strongest driver of @entity1 choice and choice was driven more by a desire to avoid @entity390 than @entity391 . @entity1 were willing to pay to avoid > 30% chance of @entity390 (WTP to avoid 50%:  42.61; WTP to avoid 70%:  49.57), > 1 day of @entity390 (2-5 days:  62.80; 5+ days:  107.50), @entity391 > 1-2 times/day (3-5 times/day:  45.52; 5+ times/day:  52.10), and @entity391 longer than a half-day (1 day:  20.12; 2-5 days:  133.05) with p-values from 0.0004 to <.0001. @entity1 with income  40,000+ were willing to pay more than others to avoid more than 1 day of @entity390 (2-5 days: difference= 93.23; 5+ days: difference= 107.43) and @entity390 that impaired self-care ( 42.62) with p-values from 0.01 to <0.0001. @entity0 @entity1 were willing to pay less to avoid a 25% chance of @entity391 versus lung (difference= 49.95; p=0.0083) and @entity14 @entity1 (difference= 50.80; p=0.0166), respectively. WTP also varied by disease stage, ECOG performance status, HEC/ @entity17469 group, and whether @entity1 had worked while on chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: The study identifies a significant WTP to avoid @entity1209 and substantial group differences in WTP that could be incorporated into the management of CINV.

title: Willingness to pay to prevent chemotherapy-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting: 0.02, frequency vomiting: 0.07, length vomiting', 'vomiting']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity1209 :: (MESH:D020250,Disease) :: ['nausea and vomiting']


abstract: @entity116 is a life-threatening but preventable disease caused by the toxin of @entity3336 , a ubiquitous, spore-forming, gram-positive bacillus found in high concentrations in soil and animal excrement. Reported @entity116 cases have declined >95%, and deaths from @entity116 have declined >99% in the United States since 1947, when the disease became reportable nationally. To update a previous report and to determine the populations at greatest risk for the disease, CDC analyzed cases reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) during 2001--2008. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which found that 233 @entity116 cases were reported during 2001--2008; among the 197 cases with known outcomes, the case-fatality rate was 13.2%. Average annual incidence during that period was 0.10 per 1 million population overall and 0.23 among @entity1 aged >= 65 years. Incidence among Hispanics was nearly twice that among non-Hispanics, a difference accounted for by 16 cases among Hispanic injection drug users (IDUs). Among the 92 @entity1 for whom @entity116 toxoid-containing (TT) vaccination status was available, 37 (40.2%) had received no doses of TT vaccine. Thirty (15.4%) of 195 @entity1 had @entity6 , and 27 (15.3%) of 176 were IDUs. Of 51 @entity1 with an acute wound and a surveillance report complete enough to evaluate @entity116 prophylaxis, 49 (96.1%) had not received appropriate prophylaxis. @entity116 remains a rare but life-threatening disease in the United States. Health-care providers should ensure up-to-date TT vaccination of all their @entity1 , especially @entity1 aged >= 65 years, @entity1 with @entity6 , and injection drug users.

title: XXXX surveillance --- United States, 2001-2008.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity116 :: ('MESH:D013746', 'Disease') :: ['tetanus', 'Tetanus']

entities_list: @entity3336 :: ('1513', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium tetani']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity116 :: (MESH:D013746,Disease) :: ['Tetanus']