abstract: PURPOSE: @entity4672 is an orally active aromatase inhibitor for the treatment of @entity0 . The objectives of this study were to examine the pharmacokinetic profile of @entity4672 in Japanese subjects and to identify factors that influence variability in the pharmacokinetics of @entity4672 using population pharmacokinetic (PPK) analysis. METHODS: Twenty-five healthy postmenopausal Japanese @entity1 were enrolled in the study and received 2.5  mg @entity4672 once daily for 14 or 28  days. A PPK model was developed using NONMEM software. Age, body @entity353 ( @entity353 ), @entity6571 , ALT, total @entity648 , serum @entity1011 (CRE), and genotype of @entity5944 were studied as covariates. @entity1815 , @entity19517 , and @entity53 in plasma were measured as pharmacodynamic markers. RESULTS: @entity5944 genotype, CRE, and @entity6571 were significant covariates for apparent systemic clearance (CL/F), and @entity353 was a significant covariate for apparent distribution volume (Vd/F). Population mean estimates of CL/F and Vd/F in subjects without @entity5944 mutation were 1.03       (CRE/0.70)(-1.27)       ( @entity6571 /17.5)(-0.793)   L/h and 94.2       ( @entity353 /51.1)(1.12)   L respectively. CL/F in subjects possessing 1 and 2 @entity5944 mutation alleles were 84.3% and 44.8% of the value in the subjects without mutation respectively. @entity172 levels fell to below detection limits in most subjects after @entity4672 administration. Three mild and transient adverse events (upper respiratory tract @entity32 , @entity4841 , and @entity391 ) were reported in the study. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5944 genotype largely influences CL/F of @entity4672 . Genetic polymorphism of @entity5944 and body @entity353 will be causes of ethnic difference in PK. However, dose adjustment is not necessary, because of the wide therapeutic range.

title: Population pharmacokinetic analysis of @entity4672 in Japanese postmenopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity4672 :: ('MESH:C067431', 'Chemical') :: ['letrozole', 'Letrozole']

entities_list: @entity19517 :: ('MESH:C017296', 'Chemical') :: ['estrone sulfate']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Imipenem/ @entity9234 (IPM/CS) was administered to a total of 67 @entity1 with severe @entity281 complicating @entity1503 and @entity5 . Fifty @entity1 are included in the present analysis of efficacy and 64 in that of safety. 1. Out of 31 @entity1 with @entity1503 , responses were excellent in 10 @entity1 , good in 10 @entity1 , and the efficacy rate was 64.5%. Out of 19 @entity1 with @entity5 , responses were excellent in 8 @entity1 , good in 8 @entity1 and the efficacy rate was 84.2%. 2. For @entity1 whose responses to other antibiotics had been poor, the efficacy rate was 59.3% in the group with @entity1503 and 62.5% in the group with @entity5 . 3. The relationship between the neutrophil count and efficacy was studied in the @entity1 with @entity1503 . The efficacy rate for 8 @entity1 whose neutrophil counts were 500/mm3 or less was 75.0%. 4. For the @entity1 with @entity1503 , the efficacy rate for @entity1 from whom causative organisms were isolated was 70.0% and that for @entity1 for whom they were unknown was 61.9%. 5. Adverse reactions were observed in 3 @entity1 and abnormal laboratory test results in 2 @entity1 . However, they were mild and disappeared after discontinuation of this drug. From these results, IPM/CS is considered to be a useful antibiotic for the treatment of severe @entity281 complicating @entity1503 and @entity5 .

title: [Clinical evaluation of imipenem/ @entity9234 against severe @entity281 complicating XXXX and @entity5 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity9234 :: ('MESH:D015377', 'Chemical') :: ['cilastatin sodium']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematological disorders']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity1503 :: (MESH:D006402,Disease) :: ['hematological disorders']


abstract: The objective of this review was to evaluate the available medical literature concerning the electroencephalogram (EEG) during @entity101 of pregnancy. All articles found during a MEDLINE and Embase database search on the subject of EEG differences associated with @entity101 in pregnancy were screened for eligibility. In all, 22 articles which describe the EEG during @entity1468 ( @entity1468 )/ @entity3036 were retrieved. Abnormal EEG findings were observed in the majority of the preeclamptic/eclamptic @entity1 , consisting of slow waves most frequently localized in the occipital lobe, as well as spike discharges. The EEG abnormalities in @entity1468 were reversible in the majority of the cases. We conclude that these described abnormalities may be interpreted as a warning sign of deterioration of brain function in @entity1468 . However, some caution regarding this conclusion is advised because most of the retrieved articles were published in the 1950s and 1960s, and were not consistent with current clinical guidelines or medical terminology. Further research is needed to establish the clinical value of implementing EEGs in the assessment of the preeclamptic/eclamptic @entity1 . TARGET AUDIENCE: Obstetricians _ Gynecologists, Neurologists, Family Physicians. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After completion of this educational activity, the obstetrician, gynecologist and neurologist should be better able to evaluate whether the EEG is normal for pregnancy; distinguish EEG abnormalities in @entity101 in pregnancy, and assess the value of EEG @entity854 ( @entity1468 )/ @entity3036 for the detection of early signs of @entity63 .

title: Electroencephalography during normotensive and XXXX pregnancy: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive disorders']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['PE/eclampsia', 'preeclampsia', 'PE']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Longer-term results of bioabsorbable screws for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) have been reported, but results are specific to the exact screw material and design. @entity702 and @entity7049 with @entity692 ( @entity15274 -HA) screw outcomes have been compared only to 2 years. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiologic outcomes of the @entity15274 -HA screw versus @entity702 screw for hamstring tendon ACLR over a 5-year follow-up period. The hypothesis was that there are no differences in clinical scores or tunnel widening between the @entity15274 -HA and the @entity702 screws and that the @entity15274 -HA screw as seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should show high-grade resorption and ossification response over 5 years. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. METHODS: A total of 40 @entity1 undergoing ACLR were randomized to receive either a @entity15274 -HA screw (PLLA-HA group) or a @entity702 screw ( @entity702 group) for ACL fixation. Blinded evaluation was performed at 2 and 5 years with the International Knee Documentation Committee and Lysholm knee score, KT-1000 arthrometer, single-legged hop test, and MRI to evaluate tunnel and screw volumes, periscrew ossification, graft integration, and cyst formation. RESULTS: There was no difference in any clinical outcome measure at 2- or 5-year follow-up between the 2 groups. At 2 years, the femoral tunnel in the @entity15274 -HA group was smaller than that in the @entity702 group (P = .02); at 5 years, there was no difference. At 2 years, the femoral @entity15274 -HA screw was a mean 76% of its original volume, and by 5 years, it was 36%. At 2 years, the tibial @entity15274 -HA screw mean volume was 68% of its original volume, and by 5 years, it was 46%. At 5 years in the @entity15274 -HA group, 88% of femoral tunnels and 56% of tibial tunnels demonstrated a significant ossification response. There was no increase in cyst formation in the @entity15274 -HA group and no screw breakages. CONCLUSION: There were equivalent clinical results between the @entity15274 -HA and @entity702 groups at 2- and 5-year follow-ups. The @entity15274 -HA screw was not associated with increased tunnel widening or cyst formation when compared with the @entity702 screw. The @entity15274 -HA screw demonstrated progressive screw resorption and gradual but incomplete ossification over 5 years.

title: Bioabsorbable Versus XXXX Screws in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Hamstring Autograft: A Prospective, Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial With 5-Year Follow-up.

entities_list: @entity7049 :: ('MESH:C010506', 'Chemical') :: ['poly-L-lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium', 'Titanium']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['Titanium']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Neovascular @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ) is a chronic and @entity179 . Current treatment options are limited and have shown to slow disease progression. The aim of this study was to assess Ranibizumab effectiveness and safety and to describe @entity1 ' demographic and clinical characteristics. @entity1 AND METHOD: We conducted a retrospective observational study including all @entity1 who had started treatment between 1/12/2006 and 31/12/2008, and were followed up until 31/03/2009. A bivariate analysis on months 4, 12 and 18 and two logistic regression models were performed to analyze the influence of demographic and clinical factors on the effectiveness and durability of treatment. Adverse reactions were collected as described in the medical records to assess safety. RESULTS: A total of 126 eyes of 112 @entity1 were recruited. The mean age was 77.7 (   6.0) years. The mean durability of treatment was 18.2 months, and it was higher in the group of @entity1 who started treatment with visual acuity (VA) > 0.1 (p<0.001). Ranibizumab therapy maintained AV over baseline at 18 months. None of the studied variables showed any influence on treatment effectiveness. However, baseline visual acuity influenced on treatment duration, being higher in the group of @entity1 with AV > 0.1. CONCLUSIONS: Ranibizumab was shown to be effective until 18 months. Early diagnosis of @entity13785 could lead to an earlier treatment start, when @entity1 present a higher AV, in order to optimize the benefits of treatment. Ranibizumab was well tolerated and safe in most @entity1 .

title: [Assessment of the effectiveness and safety of ranibizumab in neovascular age-related XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['Age Related Macular Degeneration', 'ARMD']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disease']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['macular degeneration']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to determine clinical and histologic factors that would predict nodal @entity3 in @entity1 with major @entity5 . METHODS: A retrospective study of 40 @entity1 who underwent surgery, including neck dissection, for major @entity5 between 1975 and 1997 was performed. @entity1 charts were reviewed, and clinical and pathologic data were extracted along with outcome. Predictive factors were identified and survival curves were obtained. RESULTS: Neck dissections were performed in 40 @entity1 , which revealed histologic evidence of @entity5 in lymph nodes in 15 cases. Histologically proven @entity3 was found in 16% of specimens from elective and 73% of specimens from therapeutic neck dissection. Five-year overall and locoregional disease-free survival rates for histologically positive and negative groups were 40% versus 63% (P < 0.05) and 67% versus 69% (P = 0.59), respectively. Univariate analysis of the factors revealed that clinical evidence of nodal @entity3 (P < 0.001) and high-grade @entity5 (P < 0.033) predicted histologic nodal involvement. Multivariate analysis revealed that only a positive neck examination was a significant predictive factor (OR = 31, 95%CI = 2.99-312). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that clinical neck examination is a reliable predictor of regional @entity3 in @entity1 with major @entity5 . In view of the low frequency of occult metastases, routine elective treatment of the neck is not recommended.

title: Predictors of nodal @entity3 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'salivary gland cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['salivary gland cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity810 ( @entity810 ) is a well-known complication of @entity900 -based chemotherapy; however, its impact on long-term @entity1 survival is unclear. We sought to determine the incidence and risk factors for development of @entity900 -associated @entity810 and its impact on long-term renal function and @entity1 survival. We identified 233 @entity1 who received 629 cycles of high-dose @entity900 (99  9mg/m2) for treatment of @entity135 between 2005 and 2011. These subjects were reviewed for development of @entity810 . @entity900 nephrotoxicity (CN) was defined as persistent rise in serum @entity1011 , with a concomitant decline in serum @entity1760 and @entity972 , in absence of use of nephrotoxic agents and not reversed with hydration. All @entity1 were hydrated per protocol and none had baseline glomerular filtration rate (GFR) via CKD-EPI<60mL/min/1.73m2. The @entity1 were grouped based on development of @entity810 and were staged for levels of injury, per KDIGO- @entity810 definition. Renal function was assessed via serum @entity1011 and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) via CKD-EPI at baseline, 6- and 12-months. @entity1 with @entity810 were screened for the absence of nephrotoxic medication use and a temporal decline in serum @entity972 and @entity1760 levels. @entity2357 models were constructed to determine risk factors for @entity900 -associated @entity810 . @entity177 was compared among groups using ANOVA. Kaplan-Maier curves and Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to study its impact on @entity1 survival. Of 233 @entity1 , 158(68%) developed @entity810 ; 77 (49%) developed stage I, 55 (35%) developed stage II, and 26 (16%) developed stage III @entity810 . Their serum @entity972 and @entity1760 levels correlated negatively with level of injury (p<0.05). African American race was a significant risk factor for @entity900 -associated @entity810 , OR 2.8 (95% CI 1.3 to 6.3) and 2.8 (95% CI 1.2 to 6.7) @entity1 with stage III @entity810 had the lowest eGFR value at 12 months (p = 0.05) and long-term @entity1 survival (HR 2.1; p<0.01) than @entity1 with no or lower grades of @entity810 . Most common causes of @entity204 were recurrent @entity5 (44%) or secondary malignancy elsewhere (40%). @entity900 -associated severe @entity810 occurs in 20% of the @entity1 and has a negative impact on long-term renal function and @entity1 survival. @entity970 tube placement may be protective and should be considered in high risk- @entity1 .

title: Understanding the Risk Factors and Long-Term Consequences of @entity900 -Associated XXXX : An Observational Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Logistic regression']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Twelve-month renal function']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'Acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['Acute Kidney Injury']


abstract: PURPOSE: Assessment of the long-term results achieved with use of nasolacrimal stents in the treatment of @entity9467 caused by obstruction of the lacrimal apparatus. The role of stents in treating this condition is evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From February 1997 to April 1999, a total of 89 procedures to insert nasolacrimal stents were performed in 77 @entity1 (20 @entity1 , 57 @entity1 ; mean age, 53 years). A total of 79 stents were successfully implanted, with 10 failures (11.2%). Postprocedural course was followed for 16-38 months (mean, 27 mo) by means of clinical examinations and/or periodic dacryocystography, with removal of occluded stents. On conclusion of the study in September 2000, dacryocystography was performed in all @entity1 in whom stents were still in place. RESULTS: Of the 79 stents deployed, two were lost, two had to be excluded from the study, 45 (60%) ceased to function, and 30 (40%) remained patent. Median duration of stent patency of these 79 stents was 20 months. Mean time to occlusion was 9.2 months for all obstructed stents; 4.4 months for improperly placed stents (via a trajectory outside the normal lacrimal drainage apparatus) and 12.2 months for stents that appeared to have been inserted properly. Of the 45 occluded stents, 40 were removed and five were left in place. Upon removal, adherence of the stents to the lacrimal apparatus was frequently observed. CONCLUSIONS: The low patency rate and the difficulties encountered in removing nasolacrimal stents during the course of long-term placement calls into question the efficacy of this method as a definitive treatment for @entity9467 caused by obstruction of the lacrimal drainage system, although studies comparing this and other treatment modalities are needed. Assessment of temporary stent placement may be in order.

title: Nasolacrimal stents in the treatment of XXXX : long-term results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

answer: @entity9467 :: (MESH:D007766,Disease) :: ['epiphora']


abstract: An array of 13 biochemically well defined molecular forms of @entity291 , @entity1 and newly cloned @entity2608 ( @entity2608 ) AChEs (acetylcholinesterases) differing in glycosylation and subunit assembly status were subjected to comparative pharmacokinetic studies in @entity19 and @entity2608 . The circulatory lifetimes of recombinant @entity291 , macaque and @entity1 AChEs in @entity19 were governed by previously determined hierarchical rules; the longest circulatory residence time was obtained when @entity4360 was fully sialylated and tetramerized [Kronman, Chitlaru, Elhanany, Velan and Shafferman (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 29488-29502; Chitlaru, Kronman, Velan and Shafferman (2001) Biochem. J. 354, 613-625]. In @entity2608 , @entity291 molecular forms still obeyed the same hierarchical rules, whereas primate AChEs showed significant deviation from this behaviour. Residence times of @entity1 and rhesus AChEs were effectively extended by extensive sialylation, but subunit tetramerization and N-glycan addition had a marginal effect on their circulatory longevity in macaques. It appears that the major factor responsible for the differential pharmacokinetics of @entity291 and primate AChEs in macaques is related to differences in primary structure, suggesting the existence of a specific mechanism for the circulatory clearance of primate AChEs in @entity2608 . The 35 @entity1522 that differ between @entity291 and primate AChEs are clustered within three defined domains, all located at the enzyme surface, and may therefore mediate the facilitated removal of primate cholinesterases specifically from the circulation of monkeys. These surface domains can be effectively masked by @entity968 appendage, resulting in the generation of chemically modified @entity1 and macaque AChEs that reside in the circulation for extraordinarily long periods of time (mean residence time of 10000 min). This extended residence time is similar to that displayed by native macaque butyrylcholinesterase (9950 min), which is the prevalent @entity68968 form in the circulation of adult macaques.

title: Amino acid domains control the circulatory residence time of primate acetylcholinesterases in XXXX ( @entity2608 ).

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus macaques', 'Macaca mulatta', 'rhesus macaque']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(ethylene glycol)']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['rhesus macaques']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to present our initial experience in @entity298 treatment and the technical details of @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in the light of current literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data of 27 consecutive @entity1 who were treated with @entity1104 and @entity298 in Medical Park Samsun Hospital, between November 2012 and September 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Treatment indication and management were evaluated at the multidisciplinary oncology council. All @entity1 underwent @entity1104 and HIPEC with the aim of complete cytoreduction. @entity1 with unresectable disease and/or palliative surgery were excluded from analysis. Perioperative complications were classified according to Clavien-Dindo classification, and HIPEC-related side effects were identified using National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) criteria. Demographic, clinical and histopathological data of the @entity1 were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean age was 54 (32-72). Nineteen @entity1 were female. The origin of @entity298 was @entity14 in 12 @entity1 , @entity43 in 12 @entity1 , @entity356 in 2 @entity1 and @entity1725 in 1 @entity1 . The mean @entity298 Index was 12 (3-32), with a mean operative time of 420 (300-660) minutes. Perioperative morbidity, HIPEC-related @entity137 and perioperative mortality were observed in eight (30%), one (3.7%) and four @entity1 (14.8%), respectively. During a mean follow up of 13 (1-22) months, overall and disease-free survival rates were 95.8% and 82.6%, respectively. Two @entity1 with @entity14 (after 9 and 12 months) and one @entity1 with @entity43 (after 11 months) had intra-abdominal recurrence. One @entity1 with @entity43 had liver metastases 13 months after surgery, and underwent resection of segments 6-7. The remaining @entity1 are being followed-up without any recurrence. CONCLUSION: Cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC have favorable results in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity298 . Compatible with the literature, surgical outcomes of the presented series are encouraging for this treatment modality that have been recently popularized in our country. Careful perioperative evaluation, proper @entity1 selection and multidisciplinary approach are essential for success in curative treatment of @entity298 .

title: Cytoreductive surgery (SRC) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for treatment of XXXX : Our initial experience and technical details.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1725 :: ('MESH:D011553', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomyxoma peritonei']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['CRS', 'cytoreductive surgery']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['HIPEC for peritoneal carcinomatosis', 'peritoneal carcinomatosis', 'Peritoneal Carcinomatosis']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritoneal carcinomatosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To provide Dutch normal values for rehabilitation outpatients with @entity1118 or @entity85 utilizing the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire abbreviated version (WHOQOL-BREF) and analyse influence of diagnosis and @entity1 characteristics on normal values and increase understanding in those values. METHODS: Five hundred and forty-two outpatients were referred to a rehabilitation psychologist. Referral diagnoses were "musculoskeletal", " @entity1118 ", "neurological" and "miscellaneous". Comparisons between groups were made for each of the four domains of the WHOQOL-BREF (scoring range 4-20). RESULTS: Domain scores of rehabilitation outpatients were physical domain 11.0 (  2.7), psychological domain 13.6 (  2.4), social domain 14.8 (  3.4) and environmental domain 14.2 (  2.2). Outpatients with @entity1118 reported the lowest scores on the WHOQOL-BREF when compared to the "musculoskeletal", "neurological" and "miscellaneous" groups. Increased age, lower education, living alone and unemployment had a negative impact on WHOQOL-BREF scores. Compared to the general Dutch population, rehabilitation outpatients scored, unadjusted for age, significantly lower difference for the physical domain 4.5 [95  % confidence interval (CI) 4.2; 4.8], the environment domain 1.7 (95  % CI 1.5; 2.0), the psychological domain 1.1 (95  % CI 0.4; 1.2) and the social domain 0.4 (95  % CI 0.0; 0.8). CONCLUSIONS: WHOQOL-BREF scores of rehabilitation outpatients are lower and differed significantly from normal values of a Dutch population in all four domains. Therefore, the WHOQOL-BREF can be used to measure the subjective @entity66 . The subjective impact of @entity1118 was found to be particularly high.

title: Quality of life in rehabilitation outpatients: normal values and a comparison with the general Dutch population and psychiatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal diseases']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['impact of their disease or injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Serum biomarkers for the early detection of @entity788 are not currently available. We evaluated the usefulness of a novel serum marker, @entity14511 , in the diagnosis of @entity788 , as compared to @entity1735 antigen (CA) 19-9. METHODS: We collected pretherapeutic sera from 92 @entity1 with @entity788 , as well as sera from 28 @entity1 with other @entity788 , 11 @entity1 with @entity788 , and 69 healthy controls. Serum levels of @entity14511 were measured using a standard sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Compared with healthy controls, serum levels of @entity14511 were higher in @entity788 @entity1 (P < 0.001), and in @entity1 with @entity788 (P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that serum @entity14511 performed better than serum CA19-9 for distinguishing @entity1 with @entity788 from healthy controls [areas under the curve (AUC) for @entity14511 and CA19-9 were 0.922 and 0.884, respectively]. When we validated the study, the sensitivity of @entity14511 for @entity788 was 94.9%, specificity was 64.0%, and accuracy was 77.5% for the @entity14511 cutoff value of 3.49 ng/ml. No correlation was seen between serum @entity14511 and CA19-9 levels, with the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the combined markers reaching 100.0, 60.0, and 77.5%, respectively. No significant differences were seen among any stages of @entity788 . In surgical specimens, immunohistochemical analysis found a correlation between serum @entity14511 levels and @entity14511 expression in @entity788 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity14511 is expressed in @entity788 , and serum levels of @entity14511 offer a useful indicator for distinguishing between @entity1 with @entity788 and healthy subjects. Serum @entity14511 has potential for use as a screening serum marker for @entity788 , including @entity5 .

title: Serum tumor antigen XXXX as a diagnostic biomarker in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic tumors', 'pancreatic cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['early-stage cancers']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity14511 :: (83998,Gene) :: ['REG4']


abstract: PURPOSE: In the dome of the bladder of the @entity1707 muscarinic receptor stimulation has been shown to release a factor from the urothelium that exerts an inhibitory effect on the underlying smooth muscle. We examined whether the urothelium in the trigone of the bladder also releases this factor, identified which receptors stimulate its release and investigated possible cross-talk among these receptor systems in the trigone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Paired longitudinal strips of @entity1707 bladder were isolated, the urothelium was removed from 1 strip per pair and tissues were set up in gassed Krebs solution at 37C. Cumulative concentration-response curves to @entity5402 , @entity2647 or @entity112 were constructed. In some tissues a second @entity2647 curve was constructed in the presence of 1 microM. @entity5402 or 1 microM. @entity112 . In a further group of tissues the second @entity2647 curve was constructed in the presence of 1 microM. @entity5402 and 1 microM. @entity3897 or 1 microM. @entity112 and 100 nM. @entity8765 . RESULTS: In the presence of an intact urothelium contractile responses to @entity5402 and @entity112 but not to @entity2647 were @entity308 . In the presence of 1 microM. @entity5402 or 1 microM. @entity112 the responses of intact urothelium strips to @entity2647 were significantly @entity308 . This effect was absent in the presence of @entity3897 and @entity8765 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5402 and @entity112 induce the release of a urothelium derived inhibitory factor in the bladder trigone. The factor appears to mediate cross-talk between these systems and the alpha-adrenoceptor system in this region of the bladder.

title: Urothelium derived inhibitory factor and cross-talk among receptors in the trigone of the bladder of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity8765 :: ('MESH:D011738', 'Chemical') :: ['mepyramine']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol', 'Carbachol']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to assess the efficacy of facial translocation in the management of @entity5 and paranasal sinuses. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: From July 1993 to December 1999, 75 @entity1 , aged 3 to 102 years old, underwent facial translocation. Thirty-three (44%) @entity1 also underwent a combined neurosurgical procedure. Nineteen (25%) had previous surgery. These @entity1 were followed up to 6 years. RESULTS: There were 21 benign and 54 @entity5 . There were no perioperative @entity204 . The morbidity rate was 31%. Of the 54 @entity1 with @entity5 , the actuarial 3-year survival rate was 59%, whereas the local control rate was 54%. CONCLUSION: The facial translocation technique offers favorable exposure of the critical zones of the anterior and middle cranial base, thus facilitating extensive resection and reconstruction. SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrates that facial translocation is one of the best surgical approaches to the skull base.

title: The use of the facial translocation technique in the management of XXXX of the paranasal sinuses and skull base.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors of the skull base', 'malignant tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: @entity2332 after induction of general anesthesia results largely from core-to-peripheral redistribution of body heat. Both central inhibition of tonic thermoregulatory vasoconstriction in arteriovenous shunts and anesthetic-induced arteriolar and @entity384 contribute to this redistribution. @entity3652 , unique among anesthetics, increases peripheral arteriolar resistance; in contrast, @entity1875 causes profound venodilation that other anesthetics do not. We therefore tested the hypothesis that induction of anesthesia with @entity3652 causes less core @entity2332 than induction with @entity1875 . Twenty @entity1 undergoing elective surgery were randomly assigned to anesthetic induction with either 1.5 mg/kg @entity3652 (n = 10) or 2.5 mg/kg @entity1875 (n = 10). Anesthesia in both groups was subsequently maintained with @entity2614 and 60% @entity3810 in @entity26 . Forearm minus finger, skin-temperature gradients <0 degrees C were considered indicative of significant @entity2758 . @entity3652 did not cause vasodilation just after induction, whereas @entity1875 rapidly induced vasodilation. Core temperatures in the @entity1 given @entity3652 remained significantly greater than those in the @entity1 induced with @entity1875 . These data suggest that maintaining vasoconstriction during induction of anesthesia reduces the magnitude of redistribution @entity2332 . IMPLICATIONS: @entity2332 during the first hour of anesthesia was less after induction of anesthesia with @entity3652 than @entity1875 . Maintaining arteriovenous shunt vasoconstriction during induction of anesthesia reduces the magnitude of redistribution @entity2332 .

title: Induction of anesthesia with @entity3652 reduces the magnitude of redistribution XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous shunt vasodilation']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['venous dilation']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine', 'Ketamine']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['Core hypothermia', 'hypothermia', 'Hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: In 15 @entity1 (8 @entity1 , 7 @entity1 ), aged 44-81 years, with idiopathic @entity304 , the effects of @entity4087 ( @entity4087 ) were observed for up to 3 years. Of these @entity1 , four had been without previous levodopa treatment, five had been on levodopa/decarboxylase inhibitor for 6.4 years and six @entity1 had been on levodopa/decarboxylase inhibitor and @entity2847 for a period of 7.5 years. @entity4087 proved to be effective in all three groups of @entity1 and for each main symptom of the disease. @entity2003 and @entity400 showed a better response than @entity910 . A decline in efficacy could be observed after 18 months of treatment. By increasing the levodopa dosage, the worsening of the symptomatology could be reduced again and after 3 years @entity1 were slightly better off than before the introduction of @entity4087 . Fine motor performance showed a longer-lasting improvement than walking, which was affected by an increase of freezing. @entity4087 was not fully sufficient when given in monotherapy and the levodopa saving effect was only temporary. Parallel with the decline in the therapeutic response as assessed by the rating scales, there was a worsening in the on/off symptomatology. The on/off symptoms, evaluated by @entity1 themselves, had shown very small or no improvement at the beginning of @entity4087 administration, contrasting with the findings reflected in the assessment scales. The most frequent side-effects were @entity1833 and @entity910 . @entity551 did not prove a problem. @entity910 were not seen during monotherapy with @entity4087 in de novo @entity1 .

title: Three-year observation of @entity4087 ( @entity4087 ) in advanced and newly treated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['Dyskinesias', 'dyskinesias', 'akinesia']

entities_list: @entity4087 :: ('MESH:C031649', 'Chemical') :: ['CU 32-085', 'mesulergine', 'Mesulergine']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Orthostatic hypotension']

answer: @entity304 :: (MESH:D010302,Disease) :: ['parkinsonism']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the additional analgesic efficacy of the rectal administration of @entity3522 suppository compared with placebo in @entity1 undergoing transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy. METHODS: A total of 40 consecutive @entity1 undergoing biopsy were enrolled in this study. @entity1 were randomized equally into two treatment groups. In group 1, @entity1 received an intrarectal 100-mg @entity3522 suppository 1 hour before biopsy. In group 2, @entity1 received a glycerin suppository as a placebo intrarectally 1 hour before biopsy. All @entity1 received 10 mL of 2% @entity3303 gel intrarectally 10 minutes before biopsy. A self-administrated visual analog scale was used to measure the @entity158 scores at the end of the biopsy and 2 hours and 1 day after the biopsy. RESULTS: The mean @entity1 age was 63.3 +/- 6.8 years and 61.6 +/- 6.7 years in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The mean @entity158 score in groups 1 and 2 was 3.4 +/- 1.3 versus 5.9 +/- 1.7 (P < 0.0001), respectively, at the end of the biopsy. The mean @entity158 score at 2 hours and 1 day after the procedure was 1.2 +/- 1.0 versus 3.6 +/- 1.4 (P < 0.0001) and 0.5 +/- 0.9 versus 1.4 +/- 1.3 (P = 0.017) in groups 1 and 2, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Intrarectal @entity3522 suppository administration is a simple, safe, and effective procedure to reduce @entity158 and improve @entity1 ' tolerance of transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy. We recommend intrarectal @entity3522 suppository administration, together with intrarectally administered @entity3303 gel, in @entity1 undergoing transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy.

title: XXXX suppository administration in conjunction with @entity3303 gel during transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy: prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

answer: @entity3522 :: (MESH:D004008,Chemical) :: ['Diclofenac']


abstract: Aim. To comparably assess the perioperative risk factors that differentiate off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) grafting cases from those sustaining unplanned conversion to on-pump beating heart (ONCAB/BH) approach, in @entity1 with @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) < 40%. Methods. Perioperative variables were retrospectively assessed in 216 @entity1 with @entity1002 < 40%, who underwent myocardial revascularization with OPCAB (n = 171) or ONCAB/BH (n = 45) approach. The study endpoints were operative mortality (30-day) and morbidity assessed by length of intensive care unit stay (LOS-ICU), using 2 days as cut-off point. Results. Poor @entity1002 , increased EuroSCORE II, acute presentation, @entity712 , @entity66 , perioperative @entity8 , clinical status deterioration upon admission and during ICU stay, acute @entity583 , and @entity998 supported by inotropes and/or balloon-pump counterpulsation were significantly related to ONCAB/BH group (P < 0.05). EuroSCORE II (P = 0.01) and @entity1002 (P = 0.03) were the most powerful discriminative predictors of intraoperative conversion to ONCAB/BH. Operative mortality was 2.9% in OPCAB and 6.6% in ONCAB/BH group (P = 0.224), while 23.4% @entity1 in OPCAB and 42.2% in ONCAB/BH approach had a LOS-ICU > 2 days (P = 0.007). Conclusions. @entity1 with @entity1002 < 40% undergoing ONCAB/BH are subjected to more preoperative comorbidities and implicated ICU stay than their OPCAB counterparts, which influences adversely short-term morbidity, while operative mortality remains unaffected.

title: A multidisciplinary approach to unplanned conversion from off-pump to on-pump beating heart coronary artery revascularization in XXXX with compromised left ventricular function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['low cardiac output syndrome']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular ejection fraction', 'LVEF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the safety and efficacy of arm crank ergometry in @entity0 @entity1 after axillary lymph node dissection, with regard to changes in bioelectrical impedance analysis, arm circumference, muscular strength, quality of life and @entity1295 . DESIGN: Randomized controlled clinical intervention trial. SUBJECTS: Forty-nine @entity1 with @entity0 after axillary lymph node dissection. METHODS: Arm crank ergometer training twice-weekly was compared with usual care over 12 weeks. RESULTS: The arm crank ergometer group improved significantly in terms of lean body mass and skeletal muscle mass, and showed a significant decrease in body fat. In the arm crank ergometer group, as well as the usual care group, a significant increase in armpit circumference was detected during the training period. The magnitude of the gain was higher in the usual care group. For all other measured regions of the arm a significant decrease in circumference was seen in both groups. Muscular strength of the upper extremity increased significantly in both groups, with a greater improvement in the arm crank ergometer group. In both groups a non-significant trend towards improvement in quality of life was observed. The arm crank ergometer group showed significant improvements in physical functioning, general @entity1295 and physical @entity1295 . CONCLUSION: These results confirm the feasibility of arm crank ergometer training after axillary lymph node dissection and highlight improvements in strength, quality of life and reduced arm symptoms with this training.

title: Influence of arm crank ergometry on development of lymphedema in XXXX @entity1 after axillary dissection: A randomized controlled trail.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity741 ( @entity741 ) resulting from primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for @entity583 ( @entity583 ) is considered harmful to the @entity1 , but its clinical significance remains unclear. This study explored the relationship of cardiac function examined by echocardiography and serum @entity908 kinase (CK) and CK-MB levels with @entity741 in a cohort of Chinese @entity583 @entity1 . MATERIAL/METHODS: We retrospectively analysed the clinical and angiographic data in 228 @entity583 @entity1 in whom the @entity1188 ( @entity1188 ) was successfully recanalized by primary PCI. Cardiac function was evaluated by use of echocardiography before discharge from hospital. RESULTS: The in-hospital mortality rate in the @entity741 group was 13.4% (16/119), which was significantly higher than the 4.6% (5/109) mortality rate in the non- @entity741 group (P=0.021). The median of peak serum CK level was remarkably lower in the suppression-type @entity741 group than in the non- @entity741 group. There were no significant differences in the peak serum CK or CK-MB levels between the irritation-type @entity741 group and the non- @entity741 group. The peak CK and CK-MB levels were significantly higher in the no-reflow-type @entity741 group than in the non- @entity741 group. Left ventricular ejection fraction in the no-reflow-type @entity741 group was significantly lower than in the non- @entity741 group; left ventricular end-diastolic volume was significantly higher than in the irritation-type @entity741 subgroup; and left ventricular end-systolic volume was greater than that in non- @entity741 group and suppression-type @entity741 group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity741 (especially the no-reflow type) may lead to @entity697 and increase the mortality rate. However, suppression- and irritation-type @entity741 may imply the existence of surviving myocardium.

title: Altered serum XXXX kinase level and cardiac function in ischemia-reperfusion injury during percutaneous coronary intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute hemodynamic disorders']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery', 'IRA']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury', 'MIRI']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity908 :: (MESH:D003401,Chemical) :: ['creatine']


abstract: PURPOSE: As there is no satisfying animal model simulating the @entity3384 and palate anatomy in a standardized defect on one hand, and comprising the possibilities for extensive surgical procedures on the other hand, an improved fetal lamb model for cleft surgery was developed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prior to the main study with 16 animals, a pilot study with 4 @entity742 was conducted. In the pilot study, the unilateral defect was induced at 75 days of gestation. Within 22 days the defect was repaired in 3 @entity742 ; 1 lamb remained unoperated. Disappointing results from the pilot study led to an earlier defect induction (60 to 64 days of gestation) and earlier repair (71 to 84 days) in the main study with 16 @entity742 . The subsequent delayed repair of the defect was carried out using a Tennison-Randall technique in 10 @entity742 . In 4 @entity742 the defect was repaired postnatal, using the same technique. Two @entity742 had to be excluded from the study. After being euthanized, all animals were investigated macro- and microscopically. RESULTS: According to our criteria, the esthetic results ranged from satisfactory to good. Cutis and mucosa showed a full recovery whereas subcutis and the orbicularis oris muscle showed healing with scar formation. On average the operated lips were 9% shorter and were also thinner than the contralateral control side. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the results of the closure of a standardized lip and @entity3573 in several stages of gestation were documented. Early intervention led to better esthetic results, but increased the risk of abortion by 25%. There was no prevention of scarring in subcutaneous and muscle tissue. Because there was no alignment of the orbicularis oris muscle, the goal of a functional perfect result was not achieved.

title: Prenatal @entity3384 and XXXX repair in a 2-step fetal lamb model.

entities_list: @entity3573 :: ('MESH:D008439', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary alveolar defect']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['complex cleft lip']

answer: @entity3573 :: (MESH:D008439,Disease) :: ['maxillary alveolar defect']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is common in @entity1 with @entity101 , particularly resistant @entity101 . Treatment with an antihypertensive agent alone is often insufficient to control @entity101 in @entity1 with @entity27 . OBJECTIVES: To determine whether continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) added to treatment with an antihypertensive agent has an impact on blood pressure (BP) levels. METHODS: During the initial 6-week, two-center, open, prospective, case-control, parallel-design study (2:1; @entity27 /no- @entity27 ), all @entity1 began treatment with an @entity11502 receptor antagonist, @entity9886 , 50 mg daily. In the second 6-week, sex-stratified, open, randomized, parallel-design study of the @entity27 group, all subjects continued to receive @entity9886 and were randomly assigned to either nightly CPAP as add-on therapy or no CPAP. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Twenty-four-hour BP monitoring included assessment every 15 minutes during daytime hours and every 20 minutes during the night. Ninety-one @entity1 with untreated @entity101 underwent a home sleep study (55 were found to have @entity27 ; 36 were not). @entity9886 significantly reduced systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial BP in both groups (without @entity27 : 12.6, 7.2, and 9.0 mm Hg; with @entity27 : 9.8, 5.7, and 6.1 mm Hg). Add-on CPAP treatment had no significant changes in 24-hour BP values but did reduce nighttime systolic BP by 4.7 mm Hg. All 24-hour BP values were reduced significantly in the 13 @entity1 with @entity27 who used CPAP at least 4 hours per night. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9886 reduced BP in @entity27 , but the reductions were less than in no- @entity27 . Add-on CPAP therapy resulted in no significant changes in 24-hour BP measures except in @entity1 using CPAP efficiently. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00701428).   .

title: Blood Pressure Response to @entity9886 and Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in XXXX and Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['Obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan', 'Losartan']

entities_list: @entity11502 :: ('MESH:D000804', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin II']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2883 with @entity2883 (GPA) is a rare systemic @entity1333 . While aetiology is unknown the prominent respiratory involvement suggests inhaled antigens may be involved. The aim of this study was to identify environmental risk factors associated with GPA in Canterbury, New Zealand. METHODS: A case-controlled study was undertaken. All GPA cases fulfilled American College of Rheumatology (ACR), Chapel Hill Consensus Criteria (CHCC) or the European Medicines Agency (EMA) criteria. Each case was gender matched with four controls - 2 musculoskeletal ( @entity571 or @entity174 ) and 2 respiratory ( @entity565 or @entity1030 ). One musculoskeletal control and one respiratory control were age matched with the case at the time of the interview (interview) and the remaining two controls were age matched at the time their case experienced the first symptom of @entity1333 (index). A structured questionnaire to assess potential environmental agents was administered without blinding for case/control status. Data were analyzed using conditional logistic regression to allow for the individual matching of cases and controls to assess for association between environmental factors and GPA. RESULTS: 49 cases and 196 controls were recruited. 53  % were male and the mean        standard deviation (SD) age of the cases was 64.9        12.4  years, interview controls 65.1        12.4.years and index controls 53.9        14.5  years. Any reported exposure to dust (specifically @entity3440 and grain dust) was associated with GPA, @entity12904 (95  % confidence interval (CI); 1.5-8.3, p   =   0.003). Occupation as a farm worker was associated with GPA OR 3.43 (1.5-7.5, p   =   0.002). Specific gardening activities were associated with GPA including digging (OR 3.2; 1.4-7.0; p   =   0.003), mowing (OR 2.7; 1.3-5.8; p   =   0.008) and planting (OR 2.6; 1.2-5.5; p   =   0.013). CONCLUSION: We have replicated findings from northern hemisphere studies identifying dust exposure as well as farm exposure as risk factors for the development of GPA. We have shown activities associated with exposure to inhaled antigens, in particular those related to farming or gardening activities may increase the risk of GPA.

title: Association between environmental exposures and @entity2883 with XXXX in Canterbury, New Zealand.

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['Granulomatosis', 'polyangiitis']

answer: @entity2883 :: (MESH:D014890,Disease) :: ['polyangiitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity131 ( @entity131 ) constitutes a major public health problem. Most of the acute disturbances of autonomic nervous system activity seen in clinical practice resulting from @entity542 are due to @entity428 ( @entity428 ), which precipitates a complex set of changes causing lack of food tolerance. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of @entity131 on gastric myoelectric activity in @entity772 @entity1 . MATERIAL/METHODS: 24 @entity1 (23 male, 1 female; mean age 43.6 +/- 7 yr.) hospitalized for @entity131 in the Department of Neurotraumatology were included in the study. Gastric myoelectric activity was recorded using the Synectics system (Sweden) on the 1st and 2nd day after injury. The control group consisted of healthy volunteers matched for age and gender. RESULTS: In the control group, electrogastrography (EGG) showed the percentage of time with bradygastria, normogastria and tachygastria to be 9.7 +/- 6.4, 88.3 +/- 7.6 and 2.0 +/- 3.5 respectively. The amplitude of the signal was 181 +/- 11.5 [micro V2]. In @entity131 @entity1 , the percentage of time with bradygastria and tachygastria increased to 46.5 +/- 21.8 (p=0.03) and 5.5 +/- 11.8 (p=0.001) respectively, while the duration of normogastria decreased to 47.2 +/- 20.4 (p=0.001). Highly significant changes were observed in signal amplitude, which increased to 766 +/- 550 [micro V2] (p=0.0007). There was positive correlation between GCS and normogastria (r=0.66, p<0.001) and negative correlation between GCS and bradygastria (r=-0.77, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity131 and @entity772 , the functional brain-gut link is altered, causing @entity356 and intolerance to feeding. Prokinetics during enteral feeding are recommended.

title: Gastric myoelectric activity in XXXX with closed head brain injury.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['brain trauma', 'TBI', 'Traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric dysrrhythmias']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The responsiveness of the parabrachial region to electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve was first examined in anesthetized @entity35 . Action potentials were recorded in 30 parabrachial sites by single and train electrical pulses to the superior laryngeal nerve. The average latency, from the onset of stimulation to the first action potentials, was 9.9 ms (range, 6.5-18.8 ms). The responsiveness of parabrachial neurons to chemical stimulation of the laryngeal region was next examined using anesthetized, immobilized, and artificially ventilated @entity35 in which the @entity5587 were bilaterally sectioned. Taste stimuli were applied to the laryngeal region through a tracheal tube and rinsed with 0.15 @entity1219 . A total of 66 responses were recorded from 26 neurons. The most effective stimulus for these neurons was 0.03 M @entity5836 , followed by 0.01 M @entity4807 , 0.5 M @entity2827 , 0.5 M @entity969 , and distilled water. Seven responses were derived from 0.15 @entity1219 . These neurons were mainly located in a posterodorsolateral part of the parabrachial nucleus. These results suggest that chemical signals from the laryngeal region are transmitted to the parabrachial nucleus through the superior laryngeal nerve.

title: Responses of neurons in the parabrachial region of the XXXX to electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve and chemical stimulation of the larynx.

entities_list: @entity5836 :: ('MESH:D006851', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochloric acid']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity5587 :: ('MESH:D020435', 'Disease') :: ['chorda tympani and glossopharyngeal nerves']

entities_list: @entity4807 :: ('MESH:D011803', 'Chemical') :: ['quinine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Endothelial cell injury and subsequent death play an essential role in the pathogenesis of @entity731 . Autophagy of endothelial cells has a protective role against development of @entity731 , whereas the molecular regulation of endothelial cell autophagy is unclear. MicroRNA-30 ( @entity21445 -30) is a known autophagy suppressor in some biological processes, while it is unknown whether this regulatory axis may be similarly involved in the development of @entity731 . Here, we aimed to answer these questions in the current study. METHODS: We examined the levels of endothelial cell autophagy in @entity6970 (-/-) @entity19 suppled with high-fat diet (HFD), a @entity19 model for @entity731 (simplified as HFD @entity19 ). We analyzed the levels of @entity34734 ( @entity34734 , or Beclin-1) and the levels of @entity21445 -30 in the purified @entity5231 + endothelial cells from @entity19 aorta. Prediction of the binding between @entity21445 -30 and 3'-UTR of @entity34734 mRNA was performed by bioinformatics analyses and confirmed by a dual luciferase reporter assay. The effects of @entity21445 -30 were further analyzed in an in vitro model using oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-treated @entity1 aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). RESULTS: HFD @entity19 developed @entity731 in 12 weeks, while the control @entity6970 (-/-) @entity19 that had received normal diet (simplified as NOR @entity19 ) did not. Compared to NOR @entity19 , HFD @entity19 had significantly lower levels of endothelial cell autophagy, resulting from decreases in @entity34734 protein, but not mRNA. The decreases in @entity34734 in endothelial cells were due to HFD-induced increases in @entity21445 -30, which suppressed the translation of @entity34734 mRNA via 3'-UTR binding. These in vivo findings were reproduced in vitro on ox-LDL-treated HAECs. CONCLUSION: Upregulation of @entity21445 -30 by HFD may impair the protective effects of endothelial cell autophagy against development of @entity731 through suppressing protein translation of @entity34734 .

title: Endothelial Cell Autophagy in @entity731 is Regulated by @entity21445 -30-Mediated Translational Control of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity34734 :: ('56208(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['autophagy-associated protein 6', 'ATG6']

answer: @entity34734 :: (56208(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['ATG6']


abstract: @entity20695 mycotoxins are common contaminants of @entity2829 and cause several fatal @entity4409 . Liver is a target organ of @entity18641 in intact animals, but liver slices and primary hepatocytes, which do not proliferate in culture, are resistant to @entity20695 exposure. @entity157 cell lines, on the other hand, undergo cell division in culture and are sensitive to the toxic effects of @entity18641 . It was therefore hypothesized that @entity20695 @entity137 is dependent on cell proliferation. To test this hypothesis, the partially hepatectomized @entity35 was used as a model to determine whether @entity20695 produced greater @entity137 in rapidly proliferating liver in vivo. @entity35 were dosed intraperitoneally with @entity18639 ( @entity18640 ) 24 h after sham operation or partial hepatectomy (PH) and were killed 24 h later. The dose-related increase in free @entity18162 bases (a biomarker of @entity20695 exposure) was enhanced in the PH-treated rats. Serum @entity165 and enzymes were higher in PH-treated @entity35 dosed with @entity18640 than in those given PH without @entity18640 or in sham-operated, @entity18640 -dosed @entity35 . Multiple daily doses of @entity18640 after surgery elevated the number of apoptotic hepatocytes in both sham-operated and PH-treated @entity35 to about the same degree, suggesting that apoptosis is not associated with the enhanced @entity137 of @entity18640 in regenerating liver. Proliferating cells appear to be more sensitive to the toxic effects of @entity18641 . This enhanced @entity137 may be related to the increased ability of @entity18641 to disrupt @entity8483 metabolism in hepatectomized @entity35 , but this is yet to be determined.

title: Role of proliferation in the XXXX of @entity18639 : enhanced hepatotoxic response in the partially hepatectomized @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity18639 :: ('MESH:C056933', 'Chemical') :: ['fumonisin B1']

entities_list: @entity4409 :: ('MESH:D000820', 'Disease') :: ['animal diseases']

entities_list: @entity18641 :: ('MESH:D037341', 'Chemical') :: ['fumonisins']

entities_list: @entity20695 :: ('CHEBI:38224', 'Chemical') :: ['Fumonisin', 'fumonisin']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity8483 :: ('CHEBI:26739', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingolipid']

entities_list: @entity18162 :: ('CHEBI:35785', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingoid']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: The corpus luteum was investigated in 18 @entity1 undergoing hysterectomy. Preoperative ultrasonography with measurements was performed before the corpus luteum was extirpated, weighed, inspected and the diameters were measured. The concentrations of @entity1420 and @entity53 were also determined in peripheral serum. The ultrasound pictures show that the corpus luteum has a slightly cloudy central part, which can vary from hypoechoic to hyperechoic. The peripheral part (corpus luteum 'wall') has a stronger echo and the maximal and minimal thicknesses can be measured. The results showed correlations between ultrasound measurements and anatomical measurements for wall thickness, outer diameter, inner diameter and wall area of the corpus luteum (n = 12, p < 0.02-0.0001). Moreover, all @entity17323 with a @entity14495 (five of 13 @entity1 ) on ultrasound scan had a cystic central structure. Based on these findings, we suggest that an ultrasound investigation of the corpus luteum in the mid-luteal phase should use the following criteria to classify it into four types. Type a: @entity14495 with wall of < 3 mm; type b: hyperechoic central part with wall of < 3 mm; type c: @entity14495 with wall of >or= 3 mm; and type d: hyperechoic central part with wall of >or= 3 mm. The finding of a hypoechoic central region with a thin wall (< 3 mm) may indicate @entity1887 , since significantly lower serum @entity1420 levels were found in @entity1 with this type of corpus luteum.

title: Investigation of the XXXX corpus luteum by ultrasonography: a proposed scheme for clinical investigation.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['corpus luteal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity14495 :: ('MESH:D018227', 'Disease') :: ['hypoechoic central part']

entities_list: @entity17323 :: ('MESH:D019767', 'Disease') :: ['mid-luteal corpora lutea']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Compensatory increases in food intake are commonly observed after a period of food deprivation in many species, including @entity35 and @entity19 . Thus it is interesting that @entity329 fail to increase food intake after a period of food deprivation, despite a fall in plasma leptin concentrations similar to those seen in food-deprived @entity35 and @entity19 . In previous laboratory studies, food-deprived @entity329 increased the amount of food hoarded. We hypothesized that leptin treatment during food deprivation would attenuate food-deprivation-induced increases in hoarding. Baseline levels of hoarding were bimodally distributed, with no hamsters showing intermediate levels of hoarding. Both high (HH) and low hoarding (LH) hamsters were included in each experimental group. Fifty-six male hamsters were either food deprived or given ad libitum access to food for 48 h. One-half of each group received intraperitoneal injections of leptin (4 mg/kg) or vehicle every 12 h during the food-deprivation period. Within the HH group, the hoarding score increased significantly in food-deprived but not fed hamsters (P < 0.05). Leptin treatment significantly decreased hoarding in the food-deprived HH hamsters (P < 0.05). The LH hamsters did not increase hoarding regardless of whether they were food deprived or had ad libitum access to food. These results are consistent with the idea that HH hamsters respond to energetic challenges at least in part by changing their hoarding behavior and that leptin might be one factor that mediates this response.

title: Food hoarding is increased by food deprivation and decreased by leptin treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['laboratory rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamsters']

answer: @entity329 :: (10036,Species) :: ['Syrian hamsters']


abstract: We performed a phase II study combining 41.8 degrees C whole body @entity221 with ICE chemotherapy, i.e. @entity1260 (5 g/m(2)), @entity3003 (300 mg/m(2)) and etoposide (150 mg/m(2) on days 2 and 3), administered every 4 weeks, for @entity1 with @entity3620 . Of 27 chemon  ive, non-metastatic @entity1 enrolled, 25 @entity1 were evaluable for response. Overall response rate was 20% (five partial remissions; 95% CI 8.9-39.1%). Median survival time from the start of treatment for all @entity1 was 76.6 weeks (95% CI 65.4-87.8 weeks). Progression free survival for all @entity1 measured 29.6 weeks (95% CI 24.4-34.7 weeks). One year overall survival was 68% and 2 year overall survival was 20%. Major treatment toxicities included grade 3/4 @entity1398 and @entity882 in 74 and 33% of treatment cycles, respectively. One @entity1 died due to @entity295 . These promising results are consistent with continued clinical investigation; a phase III clinical trial with whole body @entity221 as the independent variable has been initiated.

title: @entity1260 , @entity3003 and etoposide combined with 41.8 degrees C whole body XXXX for @entity3620 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity320 ( @entity320 ) is an ocular surface @entity5 that can lead to fatal @entity3 . @entity1 developing, @entity5 -associated lymphangiogenesis have a significantly increased risk of @entity3 , because @entity5 spread primarily occurs via lymphatic vessels to the draining lymph node. Here, we describe a novel immune-competent @entity19 model of @entity320 that displays @entity5 -associated lymphangiogenesis with development of @entity3 . METHODS: C57BL/6 @entity19 received C57BL/6N-derived dermal @entity320 cells ( @entity13765 [ @entity13765 ] @entity11953 [ @entity11953 ]+) or B16F10 via subconjunctival injection. A clinical score quantified primary @entity5 growth and @entity3 were identified by macroscopic examination of the draining lymph nodes, lung, and spleen. @entity5 and @entity3 was achieved by immunohistochemical staining for markers of pigmented cells ( @entity27828 [ @entity27828 ]) and S-100, and of cell proliferation (Ki67). The intra- and peritumoral @entity5231 + blood and @entity14530 ( @entity14530 )+ lymphatic vessels were quantified immunohistochemically. RESULTS: All @entity19 rapidly developed aggressive @entity27828 +, S100+, and Ki67+ @entity320 . @entity3 were found in the lymph node (9%) and lung (6%) of @entity13765 - @entity11953 R24C-treated @entity19 and in the spleen (8%) and lung (17%) of B16F10-treated @entity19 . The amount of peri- and intratumoral blood vessels was significantly increased compared with lymphatic vessels. CONCLUSIONS: This @entity320 model in immune-competent animals offers new possibilities to study the pathobiology of @entity5 growth, invasion, and mechanisms of @entity3 spread, and provides a robust model to explore new immune-based and antilymphangiogenic treatment modalities of this malignancy.

title: A Novel Model of Metastatic @entity320 in Immune-Competent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity13765 :: ('15234(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['hepatocyte growth factor', 'HGF']

entities_list: @entity14530 :: ('114332(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['LYVE-1', 'lymphatic vessel endothelium hyaluronan receptor-1']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Confirmation of tumors']

entities_list: @entity27828 :: ('13190(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['TRP2', 'tyrosinase related protein-2']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumor', 'metastases', 'metastatic tumors', 'Metastatic tumors', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'Conjunctival melanoma', 'CM']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Organophosphorus nerve agents inhibit @entity10810 ( @entity10810 ) which causes the breakdown of the transmitter @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) in the synaptic cleft. Overstimulation of cholinergic receptors (muscarinic and nicotinic) by excessive amounts of @entity1617 causes several health problems and may even cause @entity204 . Reversible @entity10810 inhibitors play an important role in prophylaxis against nerve agents. The presented study investigated whether @entity68729 (7-MEOTA) and 7-MEOTA- @entity8124 derivatives can act as central and peripheral reversible @entity10810 inhibitors and simultaneously antagonize muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. The possible mechanism of action was studied on cell cultures (patch clamp technique, @entity460 mobilization assay) and on isolated smooth muscle tissue (contraction study). Furthermore, the kinetics of the compounds were also examined. CNS availability was predicted by determining the passive blood-brain barrier penetration estimated via a modified PAMPA assay. In conclusion, this study provides promising evidence that the new synthesized 7-MEOTA- @entity8124 derivatives have the desired anticholinergic effect; they can inhibit @entity10810 , and nicotinic and muscarinic receptors in the micromolar range. Furthermore, they seem to penetrate readily into the CNS. However, their real potency and benefit must be verified by in vivo experiments.

title: Cholinergic properties of new XXXX - @entity8124 derivatives.

entities_list: @entity68729 :: ('MESH:C016222', 'Chemical') :: ['7-methoxytacrine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity10810 :: ('43', 'Gene') :: ['AChE', 'acetylcholinesterase']

entities_list: @entity8124 :: ('MESH:C076946', 'Chemical') :: ['donepezil']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity68729 :: (MESH:C016222,Chemical) :: ['7-methoxytacrine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity308 appears to be more enduring amongst @entity1 with @entity717 , suggesting that it is a more chronic problem or more poorly managed in this population. This is not helped by a lack of evidence about the effectiveness of psychological therapies for @entity1 who have @entity717 and @entity308 . Behavioural activation, which aims to counteract @entity308 by increasing individuals' level of meaningful activity and their exposure to positive reinforcers, has proven to be as effective as cognitive behavioural therapy in the general population. Given that this therapy makes fewer communicative demands and focuses on activity, it was thought that behavioural activation would be both accessible and apt for @entity1 with @entity717 , who are often socially marginalised. METHODS/DESIGN: This study is a multi-centre single-blind randomised controlled trial of behavioural activation versus a self-help attention control intervention for @entity308 in adults with mild/moderate @entity717 . The study has an internal pilot in one centre, to establish that recruitment can be built up and sustained at the required level, before being rolled out across the other sites. One hundred sixty-six @entity1 will be randomly assigned to the behavioural activation or self-help interventions, which will be delivered to individuals with mild to moderate @entity717 , accompanied by someone who provides them with regular support. Both interventions are manualised and will be delivered over a period of approximately 4  months. The primary outcome measure will be the Glasgow @entity308 Scale, a self-report measure which is completed at baseline and 4 and 12  months post-randomisation. Secondary outcomes include measures of @entity1 ' activity levels, proxy reports of @entity308 , and cost-effectiveness. DISCUSSION: The study will provide evidence about the effectiveness of behavioural activation for @entity308 , adapted for @entity1 who have mild/moderate @entity717 , and will inform the delivery of psychological therapies to @entity1 with @entity717 in practice. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Date trial registered: Nov. 13, 2012; trial registration number: ISRCTN 09753005.

title: BEAT-IT: Comparing a behavioural activation treatment for XXXX in adults with @entity717 with an attention control: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disabilities']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive symptoms', 'depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background @entity1073 is generally incurable. Initial treatment is not standardized but usually includes cytotoxic chemotherapy. @entity6985 , an immunomodulatory compound, and rituximab, an anti- @entity2225 antibody, are active in @entity1 with recurrent @entity1073 . We evaluated @entity6985 plus rituximab as a first-line therapy. Methods We conducted a single-group, multicenter, phase 2 study with induction and maintenance phases. During the induction phase, @entity6985 was administered at a dose of 20 mg daily on days 1 through 21 of every 28-day cycle for 12 cycles; the dose was escalated to 25 mg daily after the first cycle if no dose-limiting adverse events occurred during the first cycle and was reduced to 15 mg daily during the maintenance phase. Rituximab was administered once weekly for the first 4 weeks and then once every other cycle until disease progression. The primary end point was the overall response rate. Secondary end points included outcomes related to safety, survival, and quality of life. Results A total of 38 @entity1 were enrolled at four centers from July 2011 through April 2014. The median age was 65 years. On the basis of the Mantle Cell Lymphoma International Prognostic Index scores, the proportions of @entity1 with low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk disease at baseline were similar (34%, 34%, and 32%, respectively). The most common grade 3 or 4 adverse events were @entity1398 (in 50% of the @entity1 ), @entity1910 (in 29%), @entity882 (in 13%), an @entity32 (" @entity5 flare") (in 11%), @entity417 (in 11%), serum sickness (in 8%), and fatigue (in 8%). At the median follow-up of 30 months (through February 2015), the overall response rate among the @entity1 who could be evaluated was 92% (95% confidence interval [CI], 78 to 98), and the complete response rate was 64% (95% CI, 46 to 79); median progression-free survival had not been reached. The 2-year progression-free survival was estimated to be 85% (95% CI, 67 to 94), and the 2-year overall survival 97% (95% CI, 79 to 99). A response to treatment was associated with improvement in quality of life. Conclusions Combination biologic therapy consisting of @entity6985 plus rituximab was active as initial therapy for @entity1073 . (Funded by Celgene and Weill Cornell Medical College; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01472562 .).

title: @entity6985 plus Rituximab as Initial Treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory syndrome']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['mantle-cell lymphoma', 'Mantle-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity6985 :: ('MESH:C467567', 'Chemical') :: ['Lenalidomide', 'lenalidomide']

answer: @entity1073 :: (MESH:D020522,Disease) :: ['Mantle-Cell Lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Blood pressure (BP) instability after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is a risk factor for @entity65 . The role of the operative technique in the development of post-CEA hemodynamic instability is unclear. The primary goal of this study was to systematically review the literature to determine whether @entity101 in the early postoperative period is dependent on the surgical technique used. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science through June 2016 without restrictions to language or starting date. The interventions of interest were eversion CEA (E-CEA) compared with conventional CEA (C-CEA) with or without patch plasty. The primary outcome of interest was the incidence of postoperative need for vasodilator therapy because of @entity101 in the early postoperative period, the duration of which was predefined in the individual studies. Secondary outcomes were the intergroup mean difference of the mean within-group changes of postoperative (24  hours) to baseline systolic BP, the incidence of @entity551 requiring vasopressor therapy, and the rate of complications. The odds ratio (OR) of each binary outcome was pooled across studies with its 95% confidence interval (CI). For meta-analysis of continuous outcomes, the weighted mean differences with the corresponding 95% CIs were pooled. Strength of evidence of the outcomes was judged according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines. RESULTS: We identified six studies, of which four were nonrandomized prospective and two retrospective with low to moderate risk of bias. In addition, results of a post hoc analyses of a randomized controlled trial were included, resulting in a total number of seven included studies. Duration of the postoperative study period ranged from 1 to 6  days. The meta-analysis of all studies regarding the primary outcome demonstrated increased rates of post-CEA @entity101 after E-CEA (pooled OR, 2.75; 95% CI, 1.82-4.16; I(2)  = 49.9%). The pooled weighted intergroup mean difference between the E-CEA and C-CEA effects on postoperative systolic BP was  +12.92  mm Hg (95% CI, 8.06-17.78; I(2)  = 93.6%; P  < .0001). @entity551 was significantly higher in the C-CEA group (pooled OR, 11.37; 95% CI, 1.95-66.46; I(2)  = 0%). There was no difference in postoperative complications including @entity583 , @entity64 , neck @entity1410 , or @entity204 . Strength of evidence contributing to the primary outcome as well as the @entity551 outcome was graded as moderate and that contributing to the other secondary outcomes was graded as very low. CONCLUSIONS: E-CEA increases the risk for post-CEA @entity101 , whereas C-CEA is more often associated with @entity551 , Careful BP monitoring at least in the early postoperative period after CEA is mandatory, especially when the eversion technique is used.

title: Systematic review and meta-analysis of postcarotid endarterectomy XXXX after eversion versus conventional carotid endarterectomy.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotension', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular and cardiovascular complications']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: The @entity649 ( @entity649 ) frequently results in a fibroproliferative response that precludes effective alveolar repair. @entity310 ( @entity7790 ), a potent epithelial and mesenchymal cell mitogen, may modulate the response to @entity651 . In this study, we determined whether bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) concentrations of @entity7790 are increased during the first 2 wk after the onset of @entity649 and, if so, whether increased @entity7790 levels in lavage fluid are associated with increased levels of procollagen peptide III (PCP III), a biological marker of fibroproliferation, and with increased fatality rates. We enrolled 74 consecutive @entity1 with @entity649 prospectively identified on admission to the intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital, and 11 @entity1 with chronic @entity401 . Thirteen healthy volunteers served as control subjects. @entity7790 concentrations were measured in BALF recovered on Days 3, 7, and 14 after the onset of @entity649 (total of 130 lavage samples). @entity7790 was detected in the lavage fluid of 90% of @entity1 with @entity649 (67 of 74), and in 100% of @entity1 with @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ) (10 of 10), but in none of 13 normal volunteers. At each day tested, the median lavage @entity7790 level of @entity1 with @entity649 was significantly higher than that of normals. The overall fatality rate was 45% (33 of 74 @entity1 ). In a univariate analysis, the median @entity7790 levels in nonsurvivors were 1.5-fold higher at Day 7 (p = 0.06) and 1.8-fold higher at Day 14 (p = 0.048). The fatality rate was 4 times higher (CI 1.6, 17.5) for @entity1 with both increased lavage @entity7790 and PCP III concentrations at Day 7 than for @entity1 with low @entity7790 and PCP III values, indicating a synergistic relationship between @entity7790 and PCP III. We conclude that increased levels of @entity7790 in BALF are common in @entity1 with @entity649 and that lavage @entity7790 is associated with a marker of the fibroproliferative response in sustained @entity649 .

title: Elevated @entity310 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of XXXX with @entity649 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['Transforming growth factor-alpha']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['IPF', 'idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Nocturnal paroxysmal arousals with @entity146 have been described in a few individuals, and their possible @entity302 origin as @entity70147 has been suggested. However, the clinical and polysomnographic differentiation from @entity4939 and physiologic movements during sleep have not been clarified yet. In this study, we evaluated a group of @entity1 with nocturnal @entity146 and tried to characterize paroxysmal arousals. Thirty-four @entity1 (mean [+/-SD] age 22.7 [+/-12.9] years) noting nocturnal motor @entity2146 or behaviors and 12 healthy controls (mean age 24.1 [+/-3.1] years) underwent nocturnal polysomnography with video-tape recording and @entity146 analysis. Arousals with motor attacks were classified as minimal, minor, or major depending on semiology, complexity, and duration of behaviors. All @entity1 showed several minimal (e.g., scratching or rubbing the nose and the head) and minor (e.g., pelvic thrusting or swinging with dystonic component) attacks, and 53% also had major episodes (e.g., sudden elevation of the head and trunk from the bed with complex behaviors) occurring mainly in non-rapid eye @entity10522 . In all the @entity1 , motor attacks were characterized by stereotypy, sudden onset, short duration, and repetitiveness. In 80%, @entity302 were found. All control subjects showed motor events, but they were fewer, slower, nonstereotyped, and semiologically different from the @entity1 '. No significant difference in conventional sleep parameters between the two groups were found. Paroxysmal arousals with @entity146 probably represent a particular form of @entity4940 rather than an unusual @entity4939 . The semiologic characteristics of these type of arousals are difficult to recognize and differentiate from physiologic movements or @entity4939 without video-polygraphic analysis.

title: Nocturnal paroxysmal arousals with XXXX during sleep: @entity4940 or @entity4939 ?

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['motor behaviors']

entities_list: @entity10522 :: ('MESH:D020189', 'Disease') :: ['movement sleep']

entities_list: @entity4939 :: ('MESH:D020447', 'Disease') :: ['parasomnia', 'parasomnias']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epileptiform abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4940 :: ('MESH:D017034', 'Disease') :: ['nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity70147 :: ('MESH:C566400', 'Disease') :: ['nocturnal frontal lobe seizures']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['motor behaviors']


abstract: PURPOSE: Mastermind-like domain containing 1 ( @entity29786 ) is a causative gene for the fetal development of male external genitalia. Almost 10% of @entity1 with both severe and non-severe @entity2650 exhibit mutations of @entity29786 . The aim of this work was to determine whether polymorphisms of @entity29786 are a genetic risk factor for @entity2650 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study included 150 @entity2650 with a range of severities and 150 controls. Direct sequencing of the @entity29786 coding exons and their flanking splice sites was performed. In silico secondary and tertiary structure prediction and accessibility of changed @entity1522 were evaluated using JPred, Netsurf and PHYRE software. Functional studies of the transactivation of haplotypes on @entity23196 promoter were performed in  vitro using cDNAs of missense variants of @entity29786 . RESULTS: The @entity46383 polymorphism was identified in 17/150 @entity1 and 12/150 controls (11.3% vs. 8.0%, p  =  0.32). The @entity70516 polymorphism was identified in 22/150 @entity1 and 12/150 controls (14.6% vs. 8.0%, p  =  0.068). The double polymorphism (S-S haplotype) was present in 16/150 @entity1 and 6/150 controls (10.6% vs. 4.0%, p  =  0.044, OR  =  2.87, CI from 1.09 to 7.55). The association of polymorphisms consistently revealed a modification in the structure prediction or @entity535 accessibility in all three in silico models. The @entity46383 , @entity70516 and @entity46383  +  @entity70516 proteins did not exhibit reduced transactivating activity on @entity23196 promoter. CONCLUSION: Polymorphisms of @entity29786 gene are frequent in @entity1 with @entity2650 . Although no change in transactivation was noted on @entity23196 promoter, the in silico studies and the significantly increased incidence of the S-S haplotype in hypospadiac @entity1 raise the hypothesis of a particular susceptibility conferred by these variants.

title: Polymorphisms of XXXX gene in @entity2650 .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity29786 :: (10046,Gene) :: ['MAMLD1']


abstract: RATIONALE: In response to injury, the rodent heart is capable of virtually full regeneration via cardiomyocyte proliferation early in life. This regenerative capacity, however, is diminished as early as 1 week postnatal and remains lost in adulthood. The mechanisms that dictate postinjury cardiomyocyte proliferation early in life remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To delineate the role of @entity8204 , a regulator of age-associated physiology, in regulating cardiac regeneration secondary to @entity583 ( @entity583 ) in neonatal and adult @entity19 hearts. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity299 was induced in neonatal and adult hearts through experimental @entity583 via coronary ligation. Adult hearts demonstrated overt cardiac structural and functional remodeling, whereas neonatal hearts maintained full regenerative capacity and cardiomyocyte proliferation and recovered to normal levels within 1-week time. As early as 1 week postnatal, @entity8204 expression was found to have increased and was maintained at high levels throughout the lifespan. Intriguingly, 7 days after @entity583 , @entity8204 levels further increased in the adult but not neonatal hearts. Delivery of a @entity8204 mimic to neonatal hearts prohibited both cardiomyocyte proliferation and subsequent cardiac recovery post @entity583 . Conversely, locked nucleic acid-based anti- @entity8204 treatment diminished post- @entity583 @entity8204 upregulation in adult hearts and significantly improved post- @entity583 remodeling. In isolated cardiomyocytes, we found that @entity8204 directly regulated cell cycle activity and @entity204 via modulation of its targets, including @entity1379 , @entity1896 , and @entity14075 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity8204 is a critical regulator of cardiac repair and regeneration post @entity583 in neonatal hearts. Modulation of @entity8204 may be harnessed for cardiac repair in adult myocardium.

title: MicroRNA-34a Plays a Key Role in Cardiac Repair and Regeneration Following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac injury']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intramedullary clavicle fixation is a potential alternative to plate fixation. Previous studies documenting the complication rates of intramedullary clavicle fixation have demonstrated variable rates of soft tissue complications and @entity174 healing. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We asked the following questions: (1) Does use of the Rockwood Clavicle @entity7894 (DePuy Orthopaedics Inc, Warsaw, IN) predispose @entity1 to soft tissue complications requiring additional surgery or a high infection risk? (2) Does the Rockwood Clavicle @entity7894 provide a truly minimally invasive insertion technique and reliable @entity174 fixation? @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 18 @entity1 (mean age, 31 years) who sustained a closed midshaft @entity174 of the clavicle treated with open intramedullary nailing with a Rockwood Clavicle @entity7894 . We determined the incidence of complications and rate of @entity174 healing. RESULTS: Fourteen complications occurred in 10 @entity1 . Five @entity1 experienced a complication with @entity174 healing, including three nonunions. Nine @entity1 experienced complications relating to soft tissue, including @entity39 , or posterior @entity158 from @entity7894 prominence. CONCLUSIONS: The Rockwood Clavicle @entity7894 remains a historically relevant method of clavicle fixation. However, due to an unacceptably high rate of nonunion, repeat operation, and soft tissue complications, we do not recommend this device for treating @entity174 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Excessive complications of open intramedullary nailing of midshaft @entity174 with the Rockwood Clavicle XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'middiaphyseal clavicle fractures']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['infection, skin necrosis']

answer: @entity7894 :: (8655,Gene) :: ['Pin']


abstract: Changes in @entity1372 concentration and osmolality in lateral ventricle cerebrospinal fluid (c.s.f.) caused by intracarotid infusion of hypertonic solutions were measured in conscious @entity1237 . Intracarotid infusion (1.5 ml X min-1) of 1.0 or 2.0 mol X kg-1 or @entity1133 4.0 mol X kg-1 produced significant increased in osmolality and increases in @entity1372 concentration of the c.s.f. 5 and 10 min after the beginning of the infusion. No significant effect was seen following intracarotid infusion of 0.15 M- @entity1219 . Only intracarotid @entity1219 1.0 or 2.0 mol X kg-1 caused significant drinking. Blood osmolality was significantly increased by the two hypertonic @entity1219 solutions as well as by hypertonic @entity1133 . In conclusion, drinking in @entity1237 following peripheral administration of hypertonic solutions is probably due to an osmoreceptor mechanism. A c.s.f. @entity1372 receptor mechanism is unlikely because hypertonic @entity1219 or @entity1133 both increased the @entity1372 concentration in c.s.f. but only the osmotically effective @entity1219 solution produced significant drinking.

title: Osmotically induced drinking in the XXXX : an osmoreceptor or a @entity1372 receptor mechanism?

answer: @entity1237 :: (9925,Species) :: ['goat']