abstract: @entity26 deprivation for prolonged periods leads to cardiac cell death and @entity67 . The ability to prevent @entity296 would be of significant therapeutic value in maintaining cardiac function after injury. While caspases have been suggested to play a critical role in apoptosis, their involvement during @entity130 has not been formally determined. In this report, we show that adult ventricular myocytes subjected to @entity519 for 1 h undergo a three-fold increase (P<0.05) in the incidence of apoptosis as determined by TUNEL analysis and @entity2455 nuclear staining. Western blot analysis of @entity519 myocytes revealed a 10-fold increase in the proteolytic processing of @entity522 to @entity14848 with a concomitant cleavage of the @entity522 substrate @entity12982 from 116 kd to @entity8569 kd compared to normoxic controls. Defects in mitochondrial membrane integrity were also observed as evidenced by the translocation of @entity4674 from the mitochondrial to cytosolic compartment of @entity519 cells. Pretreatment of ventricular myocytes with the peptide-caspase inhibitor known to block caspases related to @entity9302 (Ac-YVAD- @entity435 ) attenuated @entity4674 release, processing of @entity522 , and apoptosis. While the caspase inhibitor (Ac-DEVD- @entity435 ) which blocks caspases related to @entity522 , suppressed the cleavage of @entity12982 and apoptosis, it had no effect on @entity4674 release by mitochondria. The data provide direct evidence for the proteolytic activation of caspases during @entity519 -mediated apoptosis of adult ventricular myocytes. Furthermore, the data suggest a hierarchical scheme for caspase activation with mitochondrial @entity4674 release occurring proximally to DEVD- @entity435 -inhibitable caspases.

title: Caspase activation and mitochondrial XXXX release during @entity519 -mediated apoptosis of adult ventricular myocytes.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial cell death']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic injury']

answer: @entity4674 :: (54205,Gene) :: ['cytochrome C']


abstract: The introduction of @entity4149 kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy has markedly reduced the use of allogeneic (allo) hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), which is no longer standard practice in the first chronic phase in @entity1860 and is currently reserved after failure of TKI or in advanced phase of disease. We compared the outcome of @entity1860 @entity1 who received a first allo-HSCT in our center in both the pre-TKI era and the TKI era. The primary end point was to compare the 2 groups' @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), @entity1778 ( @entity1778 ), cumulative incidence of nonrelapse mortality, and relapse incidence. The secondary end point was to underline in the TKI era the impact of the pretransplantation @entity41 ( @entity41 ) on the outcomes. A total of 69 @entity1 with Ph+ @entity1778 were included and their outcomes analyzed. For the purpose of this analysis, we defined 2 groups: group A (n  = 39) included @entity1 treated in the pre-TKI era, treated from January 1989 until December 2001, and group B (n  = 30) included @entity1 treated in the TKI era, treated from January 2002 until December 2013. Additional analysis was performed in group B for whom detailed TKIs and @entity41 data were collected. The study took place in our @entity5 center in the department of HSCT, Villejuif, France. The median follow-up duration for group A was 116.1 months (range, 1.1 to 240.1 months) and for group B was 8.3 months (range, 3.5 to 141.7 months). At 3  years, the @entity1778 and @entity1349 were higher in group B (respectively, 66% and 71%) than in group A (respectively, 63% and 57%) (P > .05). The @entity1778 and @entity1349 at 3 years of the pretransplantation @entity41 -negative (< 0.01%) @entity1 were significantly (P  < .05) higher (respectively, 83% and 94%) than the pretransplantation @entity41 -positive @entity1 (respectively, 43% and 46%). Our data, although statistically not significant, suggest better outcomes for Ph+ @entity1778 @entity1 undergoing allo-HSCT in the TKI era. Mostly TKI does not adversely affect the transplantation outcomes and can be used successfully as a bridge to allo-HSCT, especially in @entity1442 . In addition, we highlight the importance of obtaining deep pretransplantation @entity41 negativity.

title: Retrospective Study of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Philadelphia XXXX : 25 Years' Experience at Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['MRD', 'minimal residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemia-free survival', 'LFS', 'leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) leukemia', 'chronic myelogenous leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['Chromosome-Positive Leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ideally, percutaneous, mechanical closure of defects of the atrial septum should completely resolve shunt. To achieve this goal, more information is needed about the factors associated with device failure. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with cryptogenic neurological events who had severe baseline Valsalva shunt (Spencer Grade 5-5+) and intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) defined @entity4616 ( @entity4616 ) who underwent percutaneous @entity4616 closure with the GORE(  ) HELEX Septal Occluder device were evaluated for residual 3-month shunt by transcranial Doppler (TCD). RESULTS: We closed 315 @entity4616 @entity1 with the HELEX devices: 15, 20, 25, 30 mm devices in 19, 138, 150, and 8 @entity1 , respectively. Severe residual Valsalva shunt (TCD Grade 5-5+) at 3 months occurred in 23 of 315 (7%) of all @entity1 and in 2 of 108 (2%), 5 of 86(6%), and 16 of 121 (13%) @entity1 with none, Grade 4, and Grade 5-5+ baseline rest shunt, respectively (P = 0.002). At 3 months, rest shunting was essentially abolished by closure. The percent of @entity1 with severe residual Valsalva shunt was also related to device size: 15 mm (0%), 20 mm (4%), 25 mm (10%), and 30 mm (25%) (P = 0.008) and to @entity439 . All of these variables were independent predictors of failure by multivariate logistic regression. CONCLUSIONS: In an ICE-defined @entity4616 population characterized by severe baseline Valsalva shunt and a high incidence of persistent (rest) shunting, the GORE(  ) HELEX Septal Occluder device effectively reduces both provoked and persistent shunt. The causes of device failure are multifactorial. Larger devices perform less reliably suggesting the need for size-specific modifications to improve closure of more severe defects. (J Interven Cardiol 2011;24:366-372).

title: Transcranial doppler quantification of residual shunt after percutaneous XXXX closure: efficacy of the GORE(  ) HELEX septal occluder.

entities_list: @entity4616 :: ('MESH:D054092', 'Disease') :: ['PFO', 'patent foramen ovale']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal aneurysm']

answer: @entity4616 :: (MESH:D054092,Disease) :: ['patent foramen ovale']


abstract: PURPOSE. To evaluate outcomes of wide resection and reconstruction of the distal radius with non-vascularised autogenous fibular grafts for @entity5 ( @entity5 ) of bone. METHODS. Medical records of 7 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 aged 22 to 47 (mean, 31) years who underwent wide resection of the distal radius and reconstruction with non-vascularised autogenous fibular grafts for @entity5 of bone were reviewed. The mean length of the resected radius was 9 (range, 7-11) cm. The ipsilateral proximal fibula with a small portion of attached ligament was harvested. The articular surface of the graft was fixed to the scapholunate articular surface by Kirschner wires, and the ligament of the fibular head was sutured to the carpal ligaments. The graft was fixed to the proximal radius with a small dynamic compression plate. Iliac cancellous bone graft was added. @entity158 , instability, and functional status were assessed. Wrist joint movements were measured using a goniometer. The grip strength was measured. The operated and contralateral sides were compared. RESULTS. The mean follow-up was 24 (range, 20-27) months. All @entity1 achieved radiological union after a mean of 16 (range, 14-20) weeks. The mean active range of movement in the operated wrists was 32   dorsiflexion, 38   palmar flexion, 15   radial deviations, 12   ulnar deviations, 50   supination, and 60   pronation. Compared with the contralateral wrists, the operated wrists regained 60% of the function, with satisfactory grip strength, and normal finger and thumb movements and hand sensation. No @entity1 had recurrence after 2 years. Two @entity1 had minor dorsal subluxation, which was resolved with a wrist brace. Three @entity1 had superficial infection, which was resolved with intravenous antibiotics and dressings. Two @entity1 had @entity3030 , which recovered completely in 12 weeks. CONCLUSION. Non-vascularised fibular grafts for reconstruction of the distal radius after resection of a @entity5 of bone achieved good cosmetic and functional outcomes.

title: Reconstruction of the distal radius with non-vascularised fibular graft after resection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell tumour', 'GCT']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3030 :: ('MESH:D020427', 'Disease') :: ['peroneal nerve palsy']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['giant cell tumour of bone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To improve radiodiagnosis of @entity8924 at pre- and postoperative treatment stages, to provide a rationale for detailed evaluation of orbital osseous and soft tissue structures to prevent @entity260 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Clinic examined 52 (100%) @entity1 on days 1-2 after injury. A @entity1 group consisted of 49 (94%) @entity1 and 3 (6%) @entity1 whose age was 17 to 49 years. Multislice computed tomography (MSCT) was carried out prior to surgery on the day of their admission. Postoperative MSCT was done within 7-10 days after surgical treatment. RESULTS: Preoperative MSCT could reveal fractures of the inferior and lateral orbital walls in all 52 (100%) @entity1 . @entity174 of the medial and superior orbital walls were identified in 8 (15%) and 3 (6%) cases, respectively. In 12 (23%) @entity1 , prolapse of the fat and oculomotor muscles into the respective maxillary sinus was imaged, which gave rise to enophthalmos and an increase in orbital volume. Three (6%) @entity1 were identified as having sequels of eyeball @entity130 . @entity1781 was detected in 11 (21%) @entity1 . @entity121 was encountered in 20 (38%) @entity1 . After surgical treatment, 4 (8%) @entity1 had a persistent inferior orbital wall defect in the posterior portions where the retrobulbar fat prolapsed into the maxillary sinus. Three (6%) out of the 20 (38%) @entity1 with different @entity854 had persistent postoperative @entity121 that were mainly associated with erroneous orbital floor implantation. The number of @entity1 with @entity66 remained unchanged--3 (6%). Among 11 (21%) @entity1 with a postoperative pathologically changed tortuous nerve course, the optic nerve attained its correct even course all the way in 5 (10%) cases; it remained pathologically changed as before in 6 (12%) cases. CONCLUSION: MSCT is the preoperative technique of choice for examining @entity1 with @entity2694 . After surgery, MSCT in the early postoperative period makes it possible to assess the results of treatment and to reveal possible complications and it is a decisive guide for a doctor in charge when planning resurgery.

title: [Multislice computed tomography in the diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['eyeball disease']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Fractures']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['early postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['orbital injuries']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['oculomotor abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['Optic nerve abnormality']

entities_list: @entity8924 :: ('MESH:D009917', 'Disease') :: ['orbital fractures']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle injuries', 'Oculomotor muscle injury']

answer: @entity8924 :: (MESH:D009917,Disease) :: ['orbital fractures']


abstract: Psoriasis is a chronic @entity272 characterized by excessive proliferation and abnormal keratinocyte development, in which T helper type 17 cells and @entity4104 ( @entity4104 ) activation have pivotal roles. Moreover, caveolin-1 ( @entity3895 -1) has been implicated in the regulation of signal transduction, and aberrant @entity3895 -1 expression is involved in a variety of diseases. However, whether @entity3895 -1 is involved in @entity1569 is unknown. Here we examined @entity3895 -1 expression in the psoriatic epidermis and investigated its role in the pathogenesis of @entity1569 . @entity3895 -1 was markedly reduced in lesional epidermis of @entity1569 @entity1 . @entity5689 silencing in keratinocytes in vitro revealed significant activation of @entity4104 , leading to increased expression of @entity10773 and several cytokine/chemokines, such as @entity650 , @entity687 ( @entity687 ), @entity373 , and C-C chemokine ligand 20. In addition, @entity1569 -related cytokines, including @entity5 @entity39 factor-a ( @entity310 ), decreased @entity3895 -1 expression in keratinocytes. Finally, administration of @entity3895 -1 scaffolding domain peptide in a @entity19 model of @entity1569 -like @entity32 induced by imiquimod improved the skin phenotype and reduced epidermal thickness and infiltrating cell counts. Furthermore, expression of @entity310 , @entity4155 , and @entity4452 was significantly suppressed by this treatment. Collectively, our study indicated that @entity3895 -1 participates in the pathogenesis of @entity1569 by regulating the @entity4104 pathway and cytokine networks.

title: Decreased Expression of Caveolin-1 Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Psoriasiform Dermatitis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['skin inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4104 :: ('6774', 'Gene') :: ['STAT3', 'signal transducer and activator of transcription 3']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory skin disease']

entities_list: @entity687 :: ('3576', 'Gene') :: ['C-X-C chemokine ligand 8', 'CXCL8']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity11469 ( @entity11469 ) is a rare @entity157 that commonly affects young individuals without a prior history of @entity409 . The principal differential diagnosis is conventional hepatocellular @entity189 especially the scirrhous variant. Despite their distinctive appearance, recent studies have demonstrated a lack of consistency in how @entity11469 are diagnosed by pathologists. AIM: To investigate the diagnostic utility of @entity469 in differentiating between @entity11469 and @entity157 . @entity1 AND METHODS: In our retrospective study, we reviewed four cases of @entity11469 that were diagnosed at the pathology department of Mongi Slim hospital over a thirteen-year period (2002-2014). Relevant clinical information and microscopic slides were available in all cases and were retrospectively reviewed. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed using the avidin- @entity1885 complex technique with antibodies against @entity469 and @entity5822 . RESULTS: Our study group included one @entity1 and three @entity1 (sex ratio M/F   =   0.33) aged between 23 and 34 years (mean   = 28  years). All cases arose in non-cirrhotic liver. Immunohisto chemically, all cases were positive for @entity5822 and for @entity469 (n   =   4). CONCLUSIONS: @entity469 immunostaining is a sensitive marker for @entity11469 that may be of use in routine diagnostic surgical pathology. Lack of @entity469 staining should suggest caution in making a diagnosis of @entity11469 .

title: @entity189 versus XXXX   : diagnostic usefulness of @entity469 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENTS', 'man']

entities_list: @entity11469 :: ('MESH:C537258', 'Disease') :: ['Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma', 'FL-HCC']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['variant of hepatocellular carcinoma', 'scirrhous hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['scirrhous hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: The low prevalence of @entity301 in premenopausal @entity1 and its increase after menopause are well established. Although @entity172 is thought to play a role in protecting the vasculature, the mechanism has not been fully clarified. The contribution of platelets to atherosclerotic @entity65 is well recognized. The present study focused on the still-controversial effect of @entity172 on platelet function. We investigated the in vitro effects of @entity172 on @entity1 platelets, including their aggregation, @entity141 metabolism, the synthesis of @entity8613 , and NO ( @entity3542 / @entity1507 ) synthesis after stimulation with @entity556 or @entity857 . Pretreatment of platelets with @entity53 reduced the @entity1423 induced by @entity556 or @entity857 , whereas @entity42037 had no effect. @entity53 accelerated the recovery of [ @entity141 ]i after the agonist-induced peak and reduced the area under the curve of accumulated platelet [ @entity141 ]i but did not alter the baseline [ @entity141 ]i, @entity141 influx induced by @entity556 or @entity857 , the release of @entity141 from internal stores, or the size of internal @entity141 stores. Pretreatment of platelets with @entity53 had no effect on the intracellular concentration of @entity268 but increased that of cGMP in agonist-stimulated platelets. Additionally, @entity53 increased the platelet concentration of @entity3542 / @entity1507 in a dose-dependent manner. These effects of @entity53 on @entity1423 , @entity141 metabolism, and NO synthesis were abolished by exposure to @entity7293 , an NO synthesis inhibitor. These results suggest that @entity53 plays an important role in inhibiting @entity1423 by promoting @entity141 extrusion or reuptake activity that is dependent on the production of @entity6708 by increasing NO synthesis.

title: Effect of @entity53 on inhibition of XXXX in vitro is mediated by an increase in NO synthesis.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity42037 :: ('CHEBI:17160', 'Chemical') :: ['17alpha-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17Beta-estradiol', '17beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity8613 :: ('MESH:D009712', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity1423 :: (MESH:D001791,Disease) :: ['platelet aggregation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2461 ( @entity2461 ) is one of the most common congenital @entity299 and began to get treated by transcatheter occlusion since 1997 in China. Since then, several devices have been invented for occluding @entity2461 . This study aimed to evaluate the technical feasibility, safety, and efficacy of transcatheter occlusion of @entity2461 with different devices. METHODS: One thousand five hundred and twenty-six @entity1 (537 @entity1 , 989 @entity1 ) with @entity2461 from January 1997 to September 2014 underwent descending aortogram and transcatheter occlusion procedure. We retrospectively analyzed data of these @entity1 , including gender, age, weight, size and morphology of @entity2461 , and devices used in transcatheter occlusion, outcomes, and postoperational complications. RESULTS: Median age and median weight were 4.0 years (range: 0.3-52.0 years old) and 15.3 kg (range: 4.5-91.0 kg), respectively. Mean ductal diameter, aortic ductal diameter, ductal length, and pulmonary artery pressure were 3.50    2.15 mm, 10.08    2.46 mm, 7.49    3.02 mm, and 30.21    17.28 mmHg, respectively. Morphology of @entity2461 assessed by descending aortogram was of type A in 1428 @entity1 , type B in 6 @entity1 , type C in 79 @entity1 , type D in 4 @entity1 , and type E in 9 @entity1 according to the classification of Krichenko. Of all the 1526 @entity1 , 1497 @entity1 underwent transcatheter @entity2461 closure, among which 1492 were successful. Devices used were Amplatzer duct occluder I (ADO I, 1280, 85.8%), Cook detachable coils (116, 7.8%), ADO II (ADO II, 68, 4.6%), muscular @entity1757 occluder (12, 0.8%), and Amplatzer vascular plug (16, 1.0%). CONCLUSIONS: Excellent occlusion rates with low complication rates were achieved with all devices regardless of @entity2461 types. With transcatheter occlusion technique and devices developing, more @entity1 with @entity2461 can be treated with transcatheter closure both safely and efficiently.

title: A Retrospective Study of 1,526 Cases of Transcatheter Occlusion of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['PDA', 'Patent ductus arteriosus']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart diseases']

answer: @entity2461 :: (MESH:D004374,Disease) :: ['Patent Ductus Arteriosus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity320 is a rare but highly lethal malignancy. Historically, radical resection was considered the "gold standard" for treatment of potentially curable @entity320 . The dismal prognosis of this disease has prompted us to recommend wide local excision as the initial therapeutic approach. The purpose of this study was to review our results in @entity1 who underwent wide local excision or radical surgery (abdominoperineal resection [APR]) for localized @entity320 . STUDY DESIGN: We reviewed the charts of all @entity1 referred for resection of @entity320 between 1988 and 2002. Endpoints included overall survival, disease-free survival, and local, regional, or systemic recurrence. RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 underwent curative-intent surgery; four underwent APR and 11 underwent wide local excision. Eight @entity1 (53%) are alive; 7 (47%) are disease-free (followup 6 months to 13 years). Of 12 @entity1 who have been followed for more than 2 years, 4 are alive (33%) and 3 are disease-free (25%). Seven @entity1 have been followed for more than 5 years and two are alive and disease-free (29%). All of the longterm survivors underwent local excision as the initial operation. There were no differences in local recurrence, systemic recurrence, disease-free survival, or overall survival between the APR group and the local excision group. Local recurrence occurred in 50% of the APR group and 18% of the local excision group; regional recurrence occurred in 25% versus 27%. Distant @entity3 were common (75% versus 36%). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 who have undergone resection with curative intent for @entity320 , most recurrences occur systemically regardless of the initial surgical procedure. Local resection does not increase the risk of local or regional recurrence. APR offers no survival advantage over local excision. We advocate wide local excision as primary therapy for @entity320 when technically feasible.

title: Surgical therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['Anorectal melanoma', 'anorectal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['anorectal melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of @entity3429 , @entity585 , and @entity1482 in the treatment of idiopathic @entity3427 . DESIGN: Prospective randomized clinical study. SETTING: University hospital. @entity1 (S): Forty-one @entity1 (median age, 21 years [range, 18-34 years]) with idiopathic @entity3427 who had requested to use an oral contraceptive. INTERVENTION(S): @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive @entity3429 (12.5 mg/d for the first 10 days of the cycle), @entity585 (5 mg/d), or @entity1482 (100 mg/d) for 12 months. Follow-up was done at the end of therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Ferriman-Gallwey score before treatment, at 6 and 12 months of treatment, and 1 year after the end of treatment, and androgenic profile before and after treatment. RESULT(S): At the end of therapy, the Ferriman-Gallwey score decreased by 38.9%, 38.6%, and 38.5% in @entity1 who used @entity3429 , @entity585 , and @entity1482 , respectively. One year after therapy, the Ferriman-Gallwey score of @entity1 who used @entity1482 was significantly lower (6.74 +/- 1.41) than that of @entity1 who used either @entity3429 (7.92 +/- 1.08), or @entity585 (9.08 +/- 0.99). The androgenic profile did not change significantly during treatment. CONCLUSION(S): In @entity1 with idiopathic @entity3427 , the short-term results of treatment with @entity3429 , @entity585 , and @entity1482 are similar, but @entity1482 is effective for a longer time.

title: Use of @entity3429 , @entity585 , and @entity1482 to treat idiopathic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity3429 :: ('MESH:D017373', 'Chemical') :: ['cyproterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity585 :: ('MESH:D018120', 'Chemical') :: ['finasteride']

entities_list: @entity1482 :: ('MESH:D013148', 'Chemical') :: ['spironolactone']

entities_list: @entity3427 :: ('MESH:D006628', 'Disease') :: ['hirsutism']

answer: @entity3427 :: (MESH:D006628,Disease) :: ['hirsutism']


abstract: By targeting the expression of sequences encoding non-milk proteins to the mammary gland of transgenic farm animals, the organ could serve as a 'bioreactor' for producing pharmacologically active proteins on a large scale. Here we report the generation of transgenic @entity742 bearing a fusion gene construct with the @entity1 @entity4461 factor @entity797 ( @entity2801 ) cDNA under the transcriptional control of a 2.2 kb fragment of the mammary gland specific promoter of the ovine beta-Lactoglobulin (beta-Lac) gene. Six founder animals were generated bearing a @entity2801 cDNA construct with the introns of the @entity19 @entity28650 ( @entity28650 ) gene (beta-Lac/ @entity2801 - @entity28650 ). Founders transmitted the transgene in a Mendelian fashion and two transgenic lines were generated. Ten out of 12 transgenic F1-females expressed rhFVIII mRNA in exfoliated mammary epithelial cells isolated from the milk. But only in transgenic F1 ewes 4010 and 603 @entity2801 clotting activity estimated at 4-6 ng/ml was detected in defatted milk. Furthermore, the presence of rhFVIII-protein in ovine milk was demonstrated by a specific band at approximately 190 kD following immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. Transgenic founder 395 expressed rhFVIII mRNA in biopsied mammary gland tissue, in exfoliated mammary cells as well as ectopically in brain, heart, spleen, kidney and salivary gland, suggesting that the employed beta-Lac promoter fragment lacks essential sequences for directing expression exclusively to the mammary gland. A rhFVIII standard preparation (rhFVIIIstd) was rapidly sequestered in a saturable fashion in ovine milk, thus rendering it largely inaccessible to immunoprecipitation although its biological activity was retained. Recovery of hFVIIIstd was dependent on milk donor, storage temperature and dilution of milk sample.

title: Expression of @entity1 @entity4461 factor @entity797 in the mammary gland of transgenic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['blood clotting']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The heterogeneity of symptoms and @entity73 in @entity161 can be explained by abnormal connectivity between brain regions. @entity19096 ( @entity19096 ) is a particularly severe form of @entity161 , with an onset during a key time period for both cerebral pruning and myelination. METHODS: Diffusion tensor images were acquired from 18 @entity1 and adolescents with @entity19096 and 25 controls. The @entity19096 group was divided into two sub-groups-one with @entity73 ( @entity73 ) and the other without (NLI). The fractional anisotropy (FA), axial ( @entity195 ), and radial diffusivity (RD) data from the two @entity19096 sub-groups were compared to each other and to the controls using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analyses, which is a voxel-based method used to identify regions of @entity62 . RESULTS: TBSS identified several regions in the left hemisphere where the @entity73 group had increased @entity195 and RD relative to the NLI and the control groups. These areas primarily localized to linguistic tracts: left superior @entity75 . Regions of increased RD overlapped regions of increased @entity195 , with the former showing more pronounced effects. CONCLUSIONS: Studies of adult-onset @entity161 typically identify areas of higher RD but unchanged @entity195 ; however, normal development studies have shown that while RD decreases are pronounced over this age range, smaller decreases in @entity195 can also be detected. The observed increases in both RD and @entity195 suggest that developmental disturbances affecting the structural connectivity of these pathways are more severe in @entity19096 accompanied by severe @entity73 .

title: White matter integrity, language, and childhood onset XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal fasciculus and left inferior longitudinal fasciculus/inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['linguistic impairment', 'cognitive deficits', 'LI', 'linguistic impairments']

entities_list: @entity19096 :: ('MESH:D012561', 'Disease') :: ['COS', 'Childhood-onset schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter abnormalities']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Estrogen triggers rapid yet transient activation of the MAPKs, @entity12206 and @entity3963 . We have reported that this estrogen action requires the G protein-coupled receptor, @entity21841 , and occurs via Gbetagamma-subunit protein-dependent transactivation of the @entity470 through the release of pro-heparan-bound EGF from the cell surface. Here we investigate the mechanism by which @entity1366 activity is rapidly restored to basal levels after estrogen stimulation. Evidence is provided that attenuation of @entity1366 activity by estrogen occurs via @entity21841 -dependent stimulation of adenylyl cyclase and @entity14695 -dependent signaling that results in @entity10242 inactivation. We show that 17beta-E2 represses EGF-induced activation of the @entity8496 -to- @entity3963 pathway in @entity1 @entity0 cells that express @entity21841 , including MCF-7 and SKBR3 cells which express both or neither, ER, respectively. MDA-MB-231 cells, which express @entity1783 , but not @entity1782 , and low levels of @entity21841 protein, are unable to stimulate adenylyl cyclase or promote estrogen-mediated blockade of EGF-induced activation of @entity1366 . Pretreatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with cholera toxin, which ADP-ribosylates and activates Galphas subunit proteins, results in G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-independent adenylyl cyclase activity and suppression of EGF-induced @entity1366 activity. Transfection of @entity21841 into MDA-MB-231 cells restores their ability to stimulate adenylyl cyclase and attenuate EGF-induced activation of @entity1366 by estrogen. Moreover, @entity21841 -dependent, @entity14695 -mediated attenuation of EGF-induced @entity1366 activity was achieved by ER antagonists such as tamoxifen or ICI 182, 780; yet not by 17alpha-E2 or progesterone. Thus, our data delineate a novel mechanism, requiring @entity21841 and estrogen, that acts to regulate @entity1366 activity via an inhibitory signal mediated by @entity14695 . Coupled with our prior findings, these current data imply that estrogen balances @entity1366 activity through a single GPCR via two distinct G protein-dependent signaling pathways that have opposing effects on the @entity470 -to-MAPK pathway.

title: Estrogen action via the G protein-coupled receptor, @entity21841 : stimulation of adenylyl cyclase and @entity14695 -mediated attenuation of the XXXX -to-MAPK signaling axis.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGF receptor', 'epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor']

entities_list: @entity12206 :: ('5595', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk)-1']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']


abstract: A phase II trial was performed to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of the novel combination of @entity1206 and @entity1311 as first-line chemotherapy in @entity1 with stages IIIB and @entity1149 . From January 1997 to September 1999, 34 @entity1 (9 stage IIIB and 25 stage IV) received a regimen consisting of the following: @entity1206 30 mg/m2 20 minutes intravenous (i.v.) infusion, days 1 and 8; and @entity1311 135 mg/m2 3-hour i.v. (starting 1 hour after @entity1206 ) on day 1. Cycles were repeated every 28 days until progression of disease or unacceptable @entity137 development. The median age was 57 years (range 41-70 years); median performance status was 1. Histology was as follows: squamous cell in 24 (71%), large cell in 1 (3%), and @entity420 in 9 (26%). All @entity1 are evaluable for @entity137 , whereas 30 are evaluable for response (4 @entity1 refused treatment). Objective response was recorded in 4 of 30 @entity1 (13%, 95% CI 1-25%). No complete response was observed. Partial response was recorded in 4 @entity1 (13%), no change in 10 @entity1 (34%), and progressive disease in 16 @entity1 (53%). The median time to treatment failure was 4 months and median survival was 9 months. The limiting @entity137 was myelosuppression: @entity1431 in 23 @entity1 (68%), whereas @entity1398 was observed in 25 @entity1 (78%). @entity1897 developed in 14 @entity1 (41%) (without G3 or G4 episodes), and @entity1142 (G1-G2: 10 @entity1 ), @entity925 (G1-G2: 11 @entity1 ), @entity294 (G1-G2: 7 @entity1 ), and @entity3136 were observed in 7 @entity1 . @entity1206 - @entity1311 combination showed only modest activity against locoregionally advanced or metastatic NSCLC.

title: @entity1206 and @entity1311 for locoregional advanced or metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['IV non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine', 'Vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral neurotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 2507 Background: We have previously demonstrated that administration of a recombinant @entity1199 /diphtheria toxin conjugate (DAB/ @entity1199 ; ONTAK; Denileukin Diftitox) to @entity320 @entity1 transiently depletes T cells, including regulatory T cells, and promotes the expansion of @entity320 -specific effector T cells. The goals of this study were to examine the effects of DAB/ @entity1199 on additional lymphocyte subsets, monocytes, neutrophils and @entity2841 and assess clinical efficacy in stage IV @entity320 @entity1 . METHODS: We first administered DAB/ @entity1199 (12   g/kg; daily x 4 days; 21 day cycles) to 10 stage IV @entity320 @entity1 and measured effects on lymphocyte subsets and myeloid-derived cells by flow cytometry and serum @entity2841 by ELISA. We then determined objective response rates (using FDG-PET and CT) and one year survival in a total of 60 @entity1 given DAB/ @entity1199 . RESULTS: We found that DAB/ @entity1199 transiently depleted total lymphocytes, NK, B and T cells and conversely increased monocyte and neutrophil counts with a coincident increase in serum @entity2841 (baseline, 0.54    0.27; day 7, 1.38    0.19 pg/ml, p value <0.01). 16.7% of @entity1 had partial responses, 5% stable disease and 15% mixed responses (83% of these @entity1 were pre-treated with 1-5 prior systemic regimens). However, 45.5% of the chemo/immune-na  ve @entity1 , the majority with visceral metastases (stage M1C), had partial responses including delayed @entity5 regressions and durable stability of residual metastases, indicating a potential immunotherapeutic mechanism. While the total 1 year survival was 40    6.2%, the partial responder 1 year survival was 80   11.9% ( p value < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these data indicate that DAB/ @entity1199 demonstrates significant clinical activity in chemo/immune-na  ve stage IV @entity320 @entity1 that may be due to a combination of transient depletion of multiple lymphocyte subsets including regulatory T cells, stimulation of @entity2841 secretion and myeloid cell expansion. The high partial response rate in na  ve @entity1 coupled to the improved 1 year survival in responders supports the conduct of additional trials of DAB/ @entity1199 for the treatment of @entity320 .

title: Effect of denileukin diftitox on serum XXXX and clinical responses in stage IV @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity2841 :: (1437,Gene) :: ['GM-CSF']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the changes of the clinical aspects of @entity96 ( @entity96 ) during the past 30 years. METHODS: The clinical data of 3,250 @entity1 with @entity96 , from 10 regions of China were collected, analyzed, and compared with the clinical data of 3254 @entity96 cases 30 years before. RESULTS: The 3,250 @entity1 were aged 1- 80, with an average age of 49.1 years, younger than those 30 years before (43.7 years). The male to female ratio was 2.3:1, lower than that 30 years before (7.7:1). 73.5% of them sought medical advice within 3 months after the onset in comparison of 63.8% 30 years before. Compared with those 30 years before the symptoms and signs were alleviated in general. The HBsAg positive rate was 81.0%, the @entity3531 -Ag positive rate was 13.2%, and the alpha-fetoprotein positive rate was 75%. 1912 cases underwent pathological examination of which 91.8% were diagnosed as with @entity157 . The overall resection rate was 46,3%. Those of early, median, and late stages accounted for 29.9%, 51.5%, and 18.6% respectively in comparison with the rates of 0.4%, 47.0%, and 52.6% 30 years before. The one-year survival rate, three-year survival rate, and five-year survival rate were 66.1%, 39.7%, and 32.5% respectively for the whole group, 93.5%, 70.1%, and 59.1% for the early stage @entity1 , and 65.3%, 30.5%, and 23.5% respectively for the median stage @entity1 . The half-year survival rate and one-year survival rate of the late stage @entity1 were 52.5% and 14.7% respectively. Compared with the data 30 years before a lower percentages of the @entity1 died of @entity5693 , @entity548 of upper digestive tract and @entity548 due to @entity5 , and a higher percentage of then died of asthenia universalis and other causes. CONCLUSION: In comparison with the situation 30 years ago, @entity96 can be diagnosed earlier. More @entity1 undergo resection. The prognosis of @entity96 has been improved greatly.

title: [Changes of clinical aspect of @entity96 in China during the past 30 years--control study for 3,250 cases with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5693 :: ('MESH:D006501', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic coma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['PLC', 'primary liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rupture of tumor']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['primary liver cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: There are several practical problems encountered in the TLIF procedure with implantation of two @entity702 cages, such as difficulty in achieving symmetric positioning with two cages, loosening of the first cage following insertion of the second cage and higher direct costs to the @entity1 . METHOD: From January 2005 to December 2007, a total of 76 consecutive @entity1 treated with instrumented TLIF with single cage and excised local bone were enrolled in the current study. There were 45 males and 31 females aged between 31 and 75 years (mean 50.9 years). Forty-five @entity1 had @entity179 alone, 23 had associated isthmic or degenerative spondylolisthesis and 8 had recurrent disc herniations. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Oswestry Disability Index and a visual analog scale. Intervertebral height and fusion status were assessed on X-ray and two-dimensional computed tomography reconstruction. RESULTS: All the @entity1 followed up. The mean follow-up period was 21.8 months (range from 12 to 48 months). No nerve @entity130 occurred during operation. Postoperative ODI and VAS scores in all the @entity1 were more than the preoperative ones with significant differences. All the @entity1 had complete interbody fusion and, at the final follow-up, none had instrumentation failure. Postoperative intervertebral height in all the @entity1 was better than the preoperative ones with statistical significances. CONCLUSIONS: Instrumented TLIF with single cage is a safe and effective method for the treatment of @entity179 .

title: Instrumented transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with single cage for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disc diseases', 'degenerative lumbar diseases']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['degenerative lumbar disease']


abstract: @entity2026 in the basal ganglia were analyzed. Five @entity1 with @entity1315 who were candidates for surgery had diagonal depth electrodes implanted in the basal ganglia: four of them in the putamen, and one in the pallidum and caudate. Time-frequency and power spectral analyses were used to analyze the EEG. Significant frequency components of 2-10 Hz were consistently observed in the basal ganglia. The frequency of this component slowed during @entity410 . There was a significant ictal increase in power spectral density in all frequency ranges. The changes in the basal ganglia were consistent while @entity410 activity spread over the cortex, and partially persisted after the clinical @entity410 ended. They were inconsistent in the period after @entity410 onset. @entity410 originating in the mesiotemporal structures can affect physiological rhythms in the basal ganglia. The basal ganglia did not generate epileptiform EEG activity. An inhibitory role for the basal ganglia during temporal lobe @entity410 is suggested.

title: XXXX in the @entity1 basal ganglia in @entity1315 .

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['Preictal, ictal, and postictal oscillations']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizures', 'seizures']

answer: @entity2026 :: (MESH:D001037,Disease) :: ['Ictal and peri-ictal oscillations']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Early diagnosis and treatment are keys to improve survival of @entity1 with @entity1200 ( @entity1200 ). The clinical characteristics of these @entity1 in Thailand were not well defined. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the clinical characteristics and outcomes of @entity1 with @entity1200 in Thailand. METHODS: Medical records of @entity1200 @entity1 in the past 18 years were reviewed. RESULTS: Sixty-seven @entity1 were registered. @entity465 were the most common @entity1200 (52.2%), followed by combined T cell and B cell @entity465 (25.4%), other well-defined @entity465 syndromes (11.9%), and phagocytic defects (10.4%). The most common presentations of antibody deficiencies, combined T cell and B cell @entity465 , and phagocytic defects were @entity281 in the upper respiratory tract (74.3%), gastrointestinal tract (82.4%), and skin (85.7%), respectively. The highest mortality rate (52.9%) was found in severe combined @entity465 . CONCLUSION: These results provide clinical features of @entity1200 in Thailand. Knowing these features will lead to prompt diagnosis and appropriate management.

title: Clinical characteristics and outcomes of primary @entity465 in Thai XXXX : an 18-year experience from a tertiary care center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['PID', 'primary immunodeficiency diseases']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency', 'immunodeficiencies', 'Antibody deficiencies']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Outbreaks of @entity281 occur in several parts of India with clockwork precision closely related to changing seasons. Most recent outbreak in Puducherry occurred between October 2012 and January 2013, affected a sizable pediatric population. A prospective study was done to characterize the demographic, diagnostic and clinical profile of pediatric @entity1 in a tertiary care center in Puducherry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data of @entity1 serologically positive for either dengue @entity8768 antigen or anti-dengue IgM antibodies were analyzed. Duration of @entity221 , platelet count, complications, risk factors, morbidity and mortality were analyzed. RESULTS: Among pediatric cases with @entity221 who were screened for @entity8768 /IgM antibody during the recent outbreak, 161 (37.5%) tested positive. @entity8768 was detected in 85% while 5.5% tested positive for IgM and 3% for IgG. Few (4.9%) tested positive for both @entity8768 and IgM and 1.2% were positive for both @entity8768 and IgG. The mean age was 6 years of which 9% were <1-year, the youngest being 1-month old @entity1 . Mean duration of @entity221 was 4 days. Vomiting was associated in 42% of cases. @entity882 (51%) and @entity382 (41%) were two major observations. Among the @entity8768 positive cases, 49% had @entity882 . IgM alone and @entity8768 with IgM were associated with @entity882 in 67% and 78% respectively. 14 @entity1 had complications of @entity7643 , and four had @entity7643 . Totally, 22 of the @entity1 had platelet transfusion. There was no mortality reported among any of these @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Combination of clinical findings and rapid @entity8768 , IgM detection helped in confirming the diagnosis for appropriate management of dengue in @entity1 .

title: Dengue virus infection: Need for appropriate laboratory tests for diagnosis and management of the condition in XXXX during an outbreak.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia', 'thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity7643 :: ('MESH:D019595', 'Disease') :: ['dengue hemorrhagic fever', 'dengue shock syndrome']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['dengue infection']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: (1) The reference prophylaxis of attacks of @entity4 is oral @entity1872 , an androgenic @entity134 , which takes a few days to act. There was previously no curative treatment authorised in France. (2) @entity1660 inhibitor is now licensed in France as replacement therapy for @entity1 with @entity4 due to a quantitative or qualitative deficiency in this protein. (3) The clinical evaluation file partly answers the practical questions that arise in this setting, but it does not include trials versus @entity1872 . (4) In 36 @entity1 with acute attacks of @entity4 , a double-blind trial showed that symptom relief was achieved in less than half an hour in 69% of attacks treated with @entity19459 , compared to only 2% of attacks treated with placebo. (5) In the prophylactic setting, a crossover trial involving six @entity1 refractory to conventional @entity342 therapy showed that injections of @entity19459 every three days were more effective than a placebo in reducing the risk of attacks. (6) No major adverse effects have been attributed so far to @entity19459 , but the fact that the drug is derived from @entity1 blood means that treatment carries a theoretical risk of @entity281 by conventional infectious agents (especially nude viruses) and prions. (7) In practice, for life-threatening attacks of @entity4 , @entity19459 is rapidly effective in two-thirds of @entity1 and is now the reference treatment. In the absence of comparative trials, @entity1872 remains the first-line prophylaxis when @entity1 are scheduled for surgery a few days later, but @entity19459 is useful when @entity1872 is ineffective. @entity19459 is the only available prophylaxis for @entity1 undergoing emergency surgery (within a few hours).

title: XXXX : new preparation. A major advance in emergency treatment of @entity4 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary angioneurotic oedema', 'angioneurotic oedema']

entities_list: @entity19459 :: ('710', 'Gene') :: ['C1 esterase inhibitor']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity19459 :: (710,Gene) :: ['C1 esterase inhibitor']


abstract: OVERVIEW: Awake fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB) guided intubation is the gold standard of airway management in @entity1 with @entity130 . It is essential to sufficiently anesthetize the upper airway before the performance of awake FOB guided intubation in order to ensure @entity1 comfort and cooperation. This randomized controlled study was performed to compare two methods of airway anesthesia, namely ultrasonic nebulization of local anesthetic and performance of airway blocks. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 50 adult @entity1 with @entity130 were randomly allocated into two groups. Group L received airway anesthesia through ultrasonic nebulization of 10 ml of 4% @entity3303 and Group NB received airway blocks (bilateral superior laryngeal and transtracheal recurrent laryngeal) each with 2 ml of 2% @entity3303 and viscous @entity3303 gargles. FOB guided orotracheal intubation was then performed. Hemodynamic variables at baseline and during the procedure, @entity1 recall, vocal cord visibility, ease of intubation, coughing/gagging episodes, and signs of @entity3303 @entity137 were noted. RESULTS: The observations did not reveal any significant differences in demographics or hemodynamic parameters at any time during the study. However, the time taken for intubation was significantly lower in Group NB as compared with the Group L. Group L had an increased number of coughing/gagging episodes as compared with Group NB. @entity3746 and ease of intubation were better in @entity1 who received airway blocks and hence the amount of supplemental @entity3303 used was less in this group. Overall @entity1 comfort was better in Group NB with fewer incidences of unpleasant recalls as compared with Group L. CONCLUSION: Upper airway blocks provide better quality of anesthesia than @entity3303 nebulization as assessed by @entity1 recall of procedure, coughing/gagging episodes, ease of intubation, vocal cord visibility, and time taken to intubate.

title: Topical airway anesthesia for awake fiberoptic intubation: Comparison between airway nerve blocks and nebulized XXXX by ultrasonic nebulizer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lignocaine']

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['Vocal cord visibility']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['cervical spine injury']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lignocaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: One-stage anterior release and posterior reduction is one of the most effective methods for irreducible @entity3029 . However, the criteria of appropriate tissue release for successful posterior reduction is yet to be confirmed. Hence, an assistant technique using the transoral approach to verify satisfactory release is required. To evaluate the efficacy of the modified technique of transoral release for irreducible @entity3029 (IAAD) with @entity1 underwent one-stage anterior release and posterior reduction. METHODS: Between January 2009 and June 2014, 23 consecutive @entity1 diagnosed with IAAD free from bony union between the C1-C2 facet joints on reconstructive computed tomography scan underwent one-stage anterior release and posterior reduction after no response to 2 weeks of skull traction. During transoral release, an elevator was used as a lever repeatedly to confirm a 3-5  mm bilateral joint space between the lateral masses of the atlas and @entity2270 . The release was accomplished since a 3-5  mm joint space was achieved. After anterior release, posterior reduction and instrumented fusion were subsequently performed. RESULTS: All @entity1 were observed for an average of 18 (range 6-50) months. Nineteen of 23 @entity1 achieved complete reduction while four had an incomplete reduction. Significant differences in pre- and postoperative JOA scores and cervicomedullary angle (CMA) were found. Twenty-one @entity1 presenting with @entity602 had a JOA score of 12.9 at final follow-up, improved from 7.8 before surgery. The mean CMA improved to 143.5   postoperatively from 101.8   preoperatively. Bony fusion was confirmed in all cases under radiologic assessment during follow-up; there were no instrument failures. CONCLUSION: The modified technique of transoral release provides appropriate criteria for anterior release, to achieve good posterior reduction without excessive tissue release or intraspinal manipulation, proving its value as an assistant technique in one-stage anterior release and posterior reduction for IAAD.

title: Modified technique of transoral release in one-stage anterior release and posterior reduction for irreducible XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['atlantoaxial dislocation']

answer: @entity3029 :: (MESH:D004204,Disease) :: ['atlantoaxial dislocation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The molecular pathogenesis of @entity8703 of the gastrointestinal tract (GI PDECs) remains unclear. It has been suggested that these lesions either originate from multipotent stem cells that also can serve as the origin of nonendocrine @entity420 or arise due to the @entity8703 (WDECs). METHODS: Ten gastric and 9 colorectal PDECs, 9 gastric WDECs, and 12 @entity14 ( @entity189 ) were analyzed for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at 11q13 ( @entity16857 ), 17p13.1 ( @entity876 ), 3p14.2 ( @entity21900 ), 3p21.3 ( @entity15893 ), and 18q23 (DCC/ @entity1594 / @entity2536 ), and for immunohistochemical expression of @entity876 , @entity21900 , Rb, and @entity986 . RESULTS: PDECs exhibited high fractional allelic loss (FAL; 0.49), with frequent (> 40%) alterations in @entity876 , Rb, @entity16857 , @entity21900 , and 18q. No significant differences were found between gastric and colorectal PDECs. Gastric WDECs also exhibited high FAL (0.44), with frequent alterations in Rb and/or @entity986 , @entity16857 , and 3p21. @entity189 exhibited a low level of FAL (0.23), with frequent (> 50%) @entity986 and @entity876 alterations. When gastric PDECs and WDECs were compared, substantial similarities were found with respect to FAL (0.42 vs. 0.44) and with respect to individual gene alterations, except in @entity876 , which was consistently altered only in PDECs. @entity189 , which were characterized by a lower FAL (0.56 vs. 0.23) and which lacked alterations in both 3p and Rb, were found to be significantly different from colorectal PDECs. CONCLUSIONS: GI PDECs demonstrated a high level of chromosomal instability; consistent inactivation of both the @entity876 and @entity986 /Rb pathways; and frequent LOH at 3p (possibly involving @entity21900 ), the @entity16857 locus, and 18q. The profile of genetic alterations in PDECs was more consistent with the profile in WDECs than with the profile in @entity189 .

title: Genetic alterations in XXXX of the gastrointestinal tract.

entities_list: @entity8703 :: ('MESH:D004701', 'Disease') :: ['dedifferentiation of well-differentiated endocrine carcinomas', 'poorly differentiated endocrine carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity8703 :: (MESH:D004701,Disease) :: ['poorly differentiated endocrine carcinomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the use of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) in @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity1 during the perioperative period. METHODS: Systematic review of studies retrieved by a sensitive search strategy in Medline (1961-July 2007), Embase (1961-July 2007), Cochrane Library (up to July 2007), and from the abstracts of the ACR (2005, 2006) and EULAR (2005-2007) annual scientific meetings. SELECTION CRITERIA: (population) studies had to include @entity1 with @entity309 undergoing surgery; (intervention and control) studies had to test continuing @entity1500 versus stopping @entity1500 ; and (outcomes), studies had to report complications within a year after the surgery including @entity281 , wound morbidity, surgery complications, and @entity309 flares. Only randomized controlled trials (RCT) or high quality cohort studies with a control group were included. RESULTS: @entity1 from the four included studies were mostly @entity1 with mean ages around 60. All of them underwent elective orthopaedic surgery and were taking @entity1500 doses mainly from 5 mg/week to 10 mg/week. By order of level of evidence, we found two RCTs, in which continuing on @entity1500 was not associated with increasing risk of surgery complications, but it was statistically associated with less @entity309 flares. In a prospective cohort study, four @entity281 were observed in the @entity1500 group while none were observed in the control group. No disease flare was reported in any group. A retrospective study showed that @entity1 on @entity1500 reported fewer cases of wound morbitity (p=0.038), @entity309 flares (p=0.050), and no differences related to @entity281 compared to those who stopped @entity1500 . CONCLUSIONS: Continuing with low doses of @entity1500 seems to be a safe option during the perioperative period in @entity309 @entity1 without relevant comorbidities and/or risk factors of @entity281 , undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery, while maintaining disease control.

title: A systematic review on the optimum management of the use of @entity1499 in XXXX @entity1 in the perioperative period to minimize perioperative morbidity and maintain disease control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['metho-trexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study examined whether @entity2332 (< 36.0  C) incidence among @entity3124 @entity1 varied over time, the determinants of change, and the associated risk for ICU mortality. METHODS: Interrupted time series analysis among adults admitted to ICUs in Calgary, Canada over 8.5 years. Changes in the incidence of @entity2332 within the first 24 hours of ICU admission were modelled using segmented regression. RESULTS: Among 15,291 first admissions to ICU, @entity2332 incidence decreased from 29% to 21% during the study period. Implementation of a new temporal artery thermometer (TAT) was associated with the majority of the decrease in incidence (10%; 95% CI 7.1-13%; P < .0001). However, subgroup analysis revealed important differences between medical and surgical @entity1 . @entity2332 incidence decreased among surgical @entity1 before TAT implementation (0.4% per quarter, 95% CI 0.1-0.7%, P = .009), but not after, whereas in medical @entity1 , the incidence increased after (1.0% per quarter, 95% CI 0.6-1.4%, P < .0001) but not before TAT implementation. Segmented logistic regression suggested that increases in the proportion of @entity1 with non-traumatic neurologic admission diagnoses were associated with @entity2332 incidence among medical @entity1 , whereas there was no measurable clinical factor associated with the observed time trends among surgical @entity1 . @entity2332 at ICU admission was independently associated with ICU mortality in medical and surgical @entity1 throughout the entire study. CONCLUSION: The incidence of @entity2332 at ICU admission was dependent on medical versus surgical status, and the method of non-invasive temperature measurement, but was persistently associated with ICU mortality.

title: XXXX in Adult ICUs: Changing Incidence But Persistent Risk Factor for Mortality.

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothermia', 'hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['Hypothermia']


abstract: @entity5123 ( @entity5123 ) of the salivary gland has diverse biological behavior in spite of its being a @entity5 . So the nuclear DNA content of 36 PAs was measured by flow cytometry to determine the relationship between proliferative activity and histopathological variable. DNA histograms were evaluated according to the rate of S and G2+ M phase cells (S + G2M%). We assumed that the DNA histogram measured algebraically, S + G2 M% < or = 0%, is the near diploid pattern and calculated its ratio to the near diploid pattern. A statistically significant difference between @entity5123 and normal salivary gland was found by the ratio to the near diploid pattern (P < 0.05), which confirmed the usefulness of the ratio to the near diploid pattern for measuring low proliferative activity. The @entity5 were divided into 3 groups: epitheloid type, intermediate type and myxochondroid type. In the 3 groups no differences were found by S + G2M% and the ratio to the near diploid pattern. The areas of the @entity5 were divided into 5 groups according to the ratio in the epitheloid region and the myxochondroid region. In the 5 groups, the area which consists partly of epitheloid components and mostly of myxochondroid components had the lowest ratio to the near diploid pattern and the highest S + G2M%, and the area which consists of only myxochondroid components had the highest ratio to the near diploid pattern and the lowest S + G2M%. Between only these two areas a statistically significant difference was found by the ratio to the near diploid pattern (P < 0.05). We considered that the area which consists partly of epitheloid components, and mostly of myxochondroid components has the highest proliferative activity in @entity5123 . Neither @entity2007 cells were found in any @entity5 , but the S + G2M% is more than 20% in 4 @entity5 . None of these high S + G2M% @entity5 except one recurrent @entity5 had clinical and histopathological features. A differences between PAs of the parotid glands and PAs of the submandibular glands was not found in S + G2M%.

title: [Flow cytometric analysis of proliferative activity of XXXX of salivary gland].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploid or polyploid']

entities_list: @entity5123 :: ('MESH:D008949', 'Disease') :: ['PA', 'Pleomorphic adenoma']

answer: @entity5123 :: (MESH:D008949,Disease) :: ['pleomorphic adenoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Characterization of the prognostic variables for persistent @entity9 (PNP) remains incomplete despite multiple articles addressing this topic. To provide more insight into the recovery and prognosis of @entity9 , high-quality data are required that provide information about the predictors that contribute to the development of PNP. OBJECTIVE: To determine the methodological quality of studies about predictors for PNP and to summarize findings of predictors found in high-quality studies. STUDY DESIGN: A systematic review. SETTING: VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. METHODS: Studies were identified by searching the electronic databases PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Methodological quality of each article was independently assessed by 2 reviewers. RESULTS: Forty-six relevant studies were identified, classified into 4 different @entity9 ( @entity9 )-syndromes: @entity14000 (n = 35), @entity158 and sciatica (n = 3), postsurgical @entity158 (n = 6), and other types of @entity9 (n = 2). Seven studies were of high quality. The 3 high-quality studies found for PHN reported male gender, older age, smoking, @entity130 at the site of lesion, missed antiviral prescriptions, higher @entity12761 severity, higher rash severity, more neuropathic characteristics, @entity1910 , and a lower health status as predictors for PNP. For persistence of @entity158 one high-quality study reported negative outcome expectancies, @entity158 -related fear of movement, and passive @entity158 coping as predictors for PNP. @entity458 , @entity12761 , @entity0 surgery, higher body mass index, area of secondary @entity1931 , neuropathic characteristics, @entity1183 , and @entity17401 were found to be predictive for postsurgical @entity158 in 3 high-quality studies. LIMITATIONS: Some publications may have been missed during literature search. The low-quality of the studies could be the result of an incomplete description of their methods. CONCLUSIONS: High-quality studies mainly assessed factors related to disease functions and structures. Due to shortcomings in methodological quality and limited areas of predictor selection, there is a need for high-quality studies focusing on predictor measurement, statistical analysis and the use of a standardized set of predictors.

title: Predictors of Persistent XXXX - A Systematic Review.

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['hypoesthesia']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['shorter rash duration']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['Psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'radicular pain']

entities_list: @entity14000 :: ('MESH:D051474', 'Disease') :: ['postherpetic neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity17401 :: ('MESH:D006941', 'Disease') :: ['hyperesthesia']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'NP']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['Neuropathic Pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5663 ( @entity5663 ) and rhizotomy are all selected for treating @entity9 ( @entity9 ). Nonetheless, controversies still exist about their curative effect on @entity9 . Here we evaluate the effectiveness of @entity5663 together with rhizotomy of the glossopharyngeal nerve for the treatment of @entity9 . METHODS: This study was carried out on 21 @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity9 between the years 2005 and 2010. @entity1 underwent @entity5663 and glossopharyngeal rhizotomy through a retromastoid keyhole approach. Surgical technique, operation results and complications were our particular concern. RESULTS: Eighteen (85.7%) of 21 @entity1 experienced immediate and complete relief of @entity158 after surgery. In the remaining 3 @entity1 (14.3%), the @entity158 faded away within the following week. No @entity1 complained of @entity7364 or @entity1282 . All 21 @entity1 reported no change in their outcome at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Intracranial vagoglossopharyngeal nerve @entity5663 with glossopharyngeal rhizotomy is an effective and safe procedure to treat @entity9 .

title: XXXX treated by microvascular decompression and glossopharyngeal rhizotomy: clinical results of 21 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5663 :: ('MESH:D003665', 'Disease') :: ['MVD', 'Microvascular decompression']

entities_list: @entity7364 :: ('MESH:D055154', 'Disease') :: ['dysphonia']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['vagoglossopharyngeal neuralgia', 'VGPN']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['Vagoglossopharyngeal neuralgia']


abstract: The specificity of a previously developed 57-criteria/32-point QRS scoring system for estimating @entity583 ( @entity583 ) size is evaluated in an extensive control population and the method of application of this system for determining a QRS score from a standard 12-lead electrocardiogram is described. Points are accumulated from Q- and R-wave durations, R- and S-wave amplitudes, R/Q- or R/S-amplitude ratios and the presence of R-wave notching, with each point representing approximately 3% of the left ventricle. The subjects were selected because of the minimal likelihood of their having had @entity583 or other sources of QRS modification. There were 500 consecutively selected normal Caucasian subjects, aged 20 to 69 years, with 50 @entity1 and 50 @entity1 in each of the 5 decades. Specificity for the 57 individual criteria ranged from 89 to 100%. Fifty-one criteria met the required standard of at least 95% specificity; of the 6 that failed, 3 were successfully modified to achieve this standard and 3 were eliminated. In the resultant 54-criteria/32-point complete system, the total population, as well as both @entity1 and @entity1 , required more than 3 points to attain at least 95% specificity. Subjects in each of the 5 decades met the specificity standard either at or below the level of more than 3 points. The point score at which 95% or greater specificity was attained for the 10 age/sex subsets varied.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Evaluation of a QRS scoring system for estimating XXXX size. V. Specificity and method of application of the complete system.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarcts', 'MI', 'myocardial infarct']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarct']


abstract: A new strategy for the characterization of Coomassie Brilliant Blue stained @entity214 -PAGE separated proteins by UV-MALDI- @entity15 is reported. The proteins are extracted directly from the @entity2975 gel by treatment with an organic solvent mixture consisting of @entity5189 , @entity1626 , @entity5723 and water in an ultrasonic bath. A fraction of the supernatant is then mixed directly with the matrix solution and measured by MALDI- @entity15 . High quality spectra could be obtained from gels which were loaded with 6 pmol of myoglobin. Compared to other methods based on electroblotting or electroelution this method is much simpler and less time consuming. The sensitivity is higher than or comparable to the Coomassie Blue staining procedure for proteins up to about 25 kDa. Another advantage is that mass shifts due to charging effects of the membranes, which are common if membranes are mounted directly on the sample target, can be avoided. However, all proteins studied showed slightly higher masses than expected which reduces mass accuracy to 0.2-0.3%. This is presumably partly due to formylation of @entity563 or @entity1889 residues during incubation in formic acid. Gel electrophoresis induced modifications can contribute as well. The possibility of further characterizing the remaining part of the supernatant after extraction by means of proteolytic digestion is also demonstrated. The knowledge of both molecular weight of the whole protein and of the proteolytic fragments increases specificity for protein identification by searching in sequence databases.

title: Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry of proteins extracted directly from @entity214 - XXXX gels.

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity5723 :: ('MESH:D019840', 'Chemical') :: ['isopropanol']

entities_list: @entity5189 :: ('MESH:C030544', 'Chemical') :: ['formic acid']

answer: @entity2975 :: (CHEBI:51135,Chemical) :: ['polyacrylamide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity299 associated with @entity2916 induce @entity854 in the electrocardiogram. Electrocardiographic evidence of @entity123 may appear if the @entity5 is electrically active. To our knowledge, electrocardiographic evidence of @entity123 has been reported only in association with @entity712 . Follow-up studies of changes in electrocardiographic findings are also lacking. METHODS: We studied 21 consecutive @entity1 with @entity299 associated with @entity2916 , 10 males and 11 females, aged from the date of birth to 9 years at diagnosis. The mean period of follow-up was 53 months. None of the @entity1 developed @entity712 . We evaluated the electrocardiographic changes during the follow-up, and their association with echocardiographic findings. RESULTS: Of the 21 @entity1 , 12 showed one or more abnormalities on the electrocardiogram at presentation, with five demonstrating right or @entity4346 . In all of these five cases, the @entity5 were mainly located in the respective ventricular cavity. In one @entity1 with a @entity5 expanding exteriorly, there was marked @entity4346 on the electrocardiogram. Followup studies showed spontaneous regression of the @entity5 in 12 of 19 @entity1 , with abnormalities still present in only 7 @entity1 . A gradual disappearance of @entity4346 as seen on the electrocardiogram was noted in the @entity1 with marked @entity4346 at presentation in parallel with regression of the @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: The presence of @entity299 in @entity1 with @entity2916 might explain the @entity123 seen on the electrocardiogram through its electrically active tissue without ventricular pressure overload or ventricular enlargement, although @entity3155 might affect the amplitude of the QRS complex. Even in cases with large @entity5 , nonetheless, the electric potential might- not alter the surface electrocardiogram if the direction of growth of the @entity5 is towards the ventricular cavity. In many cases, @entity854 tend to disappear, concomitant with regression of the @entity5 .

title: Electrocardiographic changes in @entity1 with @entity299 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3155 :: ('MESH:D011226', 'Disease') :: ['pre-excitation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['giant tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['various abnormalities', 'electrocardiographic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac rhabdomyomas', 'Cardiac rhabdomyomas', 'cardiac rhabdomyoma']

entities_list: @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hypertrophy']

answer: @entity2916 :: (MESH:D014402,Disease) :: ['tuberous sclerosis']


abstract: Serous @entity1377 is an aggressive @entity5 . Point mutations in the @entity876 suppressor gene might explain in part the rapid growth of this @entity5 and its unfavorable outcome. The aims of this study were to evaluate the behavior of serous @entity1377 developing in @entity1478 and to assess the @entity876 protein overexpression. @entity1 included in this study were treated in our institution between 1982 and 2003. All clinical and pathological materials were examined. A @entity876 protein immunohistochemical analysis was performed on paraffin-embedded tissues. Thirteen serous @entity1377 arising from benign polyps of the endometrium were identified. The @entity1 ' age averaged 73 years. All @entity1 were treated surgically. After an average follow-up of 22 months, 54% of the @entity1 were dead or alive with disease. Of 10 serous @entity1377 , 8 (80%) for which @entity982 blocks were available overexpressed the @entity876 protein. A serous @entity1377 arising from benign polyps of the endometrium remains a malignant @entity5 with an unfavorable outcome even if the @entity5 is limited to the polyp. The high rate of protein @entity876 overexpression suggests that a @entity876 gene mutation occurs early in the disease and might explain the rapid growth of the @entity5 .

title: Serous @entity1377 of the endometrium arising from XXXX : a clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical study of 13 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinomas', 'papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia', 'tumor', 'primary tumor', 'malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial polyps']

answer: @entity1478 :: (MESH:D014591,Disease) :: ['endometrial polyps']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The present study shows the results of a double-blind sham-controlled pilot trial to test whether measurable stimulus-specific functional connectivity changes exist after Automatic Mechanical Peripheral Stimulation (AMPS) in @entity1 with @entity191 . METHODS: Eleven @entity1 (6 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 ) with @entity191 underwent brain fMRI immediately before and after sham or effective AMPS. Resting state Functional Connectivity (RSFC) was assessed using the seed-ROI based analysis. Seed ROIs were positioned on basal ganglia, on primary sensory-motor cortices, on the supplementary motor areas and on the cerebellum. Individual differences for pre- and post-effective AMPS and pre- and post-sham condition were obtained and first entered in respective one-sample t-test analyses, to evaluate the mean effect of condition. RESULTS: Effective AMPS, but not sham stimulation, induced increase of RSFC of the sensory motor cortex, nucleus striatum and cerebellum. Secondly, individual differences for both conditions were entered into paired group t-test analysis to rule out sub-threshold effects of sham stimulation, which showed stronger connectivity of the striatum nucleus with the right lateral occipital cortex and the cuneal cortex (max Z score 3.12) and with the right anterior temporal lobe (max Z score 3.42) and of the cerebellum with the right lateral occipital cortex and the @entity76 (max Z score 3.79). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that effective AMPS acutely increases RSFC of brain regions involved in visuo-spatial and sensory-motor integration. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class II evidence that automatic mechanical peripheral stimulation is effective in modulating brain functional connectivity of @entity1 with @entity191 at rest. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trials.gov NCT01815281.

title: Acute Modulation of Brain Connectivity in XXXX after Automatic Mechanical Peripheral Stimulation: A Pilot Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['right cerebellar cortex']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic Parkinson Disease', 'Parkinson Disease']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson Disease']


abstract: A 44-year-old @entity1 presented to her GP with excessive tiredness. She had positive thyroid microsomal and thyroglobulin autoantibodies and was found to have an elevated serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration of 8.37 (normal = 0.15-3.5)mU/L and a low normal total @entity1955 (T4) of 86 (reference range 60-145)nmol/L. She was rendered symptom free on a dose of 150 microg of @entity1955 per day. However, her TSH failed to return to normal, and following a further increase in her @entity1955 dose she was referred to the endocrine clinic for further assessment. Her TSH at this stage was 14mU/L, free T4 (fT4) 28 (normal = 10-27)pmol/L and free T3 (fF3) 10 (normal = 4.3-7.6)pmol/L. She denied any problems with adherence to her medication. Her serum prolactin was elevated at 861 (normal = 60-390)mU/L. @entity5 was suspected and an MRI scan showed a macroadenoma of the right lobe of the pituitary, extending into the suprasellar cistern. The @entity5 was resected trans-sphenoidally. Electron microscopy showed a dual population of neoplastic cells compatible with a thyrotroph cell and prolactin-secreting @entity652 . Immunocytochemistry and cell culture studies confirmed the secretion of TSH, prolactin and alpha-subunit. Postoperative combined anterior pituitary function tests did not demonstrate any deficiency of anterior pituitary hormones. A repeat MRI scan showed no significant @entity5 ; however, her serum TSH and prolactin levels remained high and she was given a course of pituitary irradiation. This case illustrates the difficulty of diagnosing a TSHoma when it coexists with @entity12012 . We believe the combination of pathologies reported here is unique.

title: XXXX coexisting with a pituitary adenoma secreting thyroid-stimulating hormone, prolactin and alpha-subunit.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumour', 'A pituitary tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity12012 :: ('MESH:C562768', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hypothyroidism']

answer: @entity12012 :: (MESH:C562768,Disease) :: ['Autoimmune hypothyroidism']


abstract: Strongyloides venezuelensis (SVZ) @entity281 was chronologically monitored in 85 @entity35 (SDR), which were orally inoculated with approximately 1,000 infective larvae. In order to describe the characteristics of migrating larvae ( @entity32489 ) in various visceral organs (the liver, lung, cardiac blood, and small intestine), 5 SDR were sacrificed at 20 min, 45 min, 1 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr, 4 hr, 8 hr, 12 hr, 16 hr, 48 hr, 72 hr, 96 hr, 120 hr, 144 hr, 168 hr and 192 hr post inoculation (PI). @entity32489 were recovered from the liver and blood 20 and 45 min PI and measured 788 +/- 26 microm and 846 +/- 40 microm in length, respectively. @entity32489 were first observed in the lung tissue 45 min PI and measured 925 +/- 38 microm on the average. In the @entity825 , @entity32489 measuring 849 +/- 75 microm appeared 3 to 96 hrs PI. @entity5294 ( @entity5294 ) measuring 1,926 +/- 521 microm to 2,956 +/- 159 microm in length were observed in the small intestine from 120 hr PI. The worms appeared to mature more than 168 hr PI and attained the average maximum length of 2,420 +/- 532 microm. At 3 hr PI focal @entity39 were evidently observed in the liver and lung, together with eosinophilic infiltration in the stomach, liver, and lung. The parasites were histologically detectable in the lung tissues but were very difficult to find in the liver and the epithelial layer of small intestine. These data demonstrate that SVZ parasites take 20 min to reach the liver via the stomach and only three hours to reach the @entity825 through the same route. The development from eggs to adults takes 168 hr in the SDR model.

title: Migration of Strongyloides venezuelensis in XXXX after oral inoculation of free-living infective larvae.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemic and necrotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity5294 :: ('MESH:D004320', 'Disease') :: ['AWS', 'Adult worms']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Several experimental studies have suggested that the vasodilatory effects of @entity460 channel blockers (CCBs) are due in part to an endothelium-dependent mechanism. However, it remains unknown whether CCBs directly augment liberation of endothelium-derived dilator substances such as @entity842 (NO) in the @entity1 vasculature. The aim of this study was to examine whether CCBs of several kinds directly increase the bioavailability of NO in forearm resistance vessels. Twenty-four healthy @entity1 (mean age 30 +/- 2 years) were randomly assigned to three study groups (n = 8 in each), and each group was assigned one of three first-generation CCBs ( @entity594 , @entity3360 , @entity3988 ). Subdepressor doses of CCBs [4, 8, 16, 24, and 36 ( @entity3988 only) nmol/min; for 2 min in each dose] were infused intra-arterially, and forearm blood flow (FBF) was determined plethysmographically. After control FBF responses to CCBs had been measured, a NO synthase inhibitor (N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine: @entity7293 ) was infused intra-arterially, and the FBF response to CCBs was again determined. Further, as a positive control for NO stimulation, @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) was also examined before and after @entity7293 in each group. Systemic blood pressure and heart rate did not change significantly during the study protocol. The FBF responses to these CCBs did not differ before and after NO synthase inhibition by @entity7293 (FBF at maximum doses: @entity594 , 8.0 +/- 0.8 vs. 7.3 +/- 0.7; @entity3360 , 7.3 +/- 1.5 vs. 6.5 +/- 1.3; @entity3988 , 5.7 +/- 0.7 vs. 4.2 +/- 0.7 ml/min per 100 ml: all not significant), although FBF responses to @entity1617 were significantly reduced by @entity7293 . In conclusion, direct NO liberation does not make a significant contribution to the vasodilation associated with first-generation CCBs in healthy @entity1 resistance vessels.

title: @entity842 plays an insignificant role in direct vasodilator effects of XXXX channel blockers in healthy @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity3360 :: ('MESH:D009529', 'Chemical') :: ['nicardipine']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Polyomavirus associated @entity8 (PVAN) is a significant cause of early allograft loss and the course is difficult to predict. The aim of this study is to identify factors influencing outcome for PVAN. METHODS: Between 2006 and 2014, we diagnosed PVAN in 48 (7.8%) of 615 @entity1 monitored for @entity8999 every 1-4 weeks after modification of maintenance immunosuppression. Logistic or Cox regression analysis were performed to determine which risk factors independently affected clinical outcome and graft loss respectively. RESULTS: After 32.1  26.4 months follow-up, the frequencies of any graft functional decline at 1 year post-diagnosis, graft loss and any graft functional decline at the last available follow-up were 27.1% (13/48), 25.0% (12/48), and 33.3% (16/48), respectively. The 1, 3, 5 year graft survival rates were 100%, 80.5% and 69.1%, respectively. The mean level of serum @entity1011 at 1 year post-diagnosis and long-term graft survival rates were the worst in class C (p<0.05). Thirty-eight of 46 (82.6%) @entity8999 DNAuria @entity1 reduced viral load by 90% with a median time of 2.75 months (range, 0.25-34.0 months) and showed better graft survival rates than the 8 @entity1 (17.4%) without viral load reduction (p<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that extensive @entity32 (OR 20.2, p = 0.042) and delayed fall in urinary viral load (>2.75 months for >90% decrease) in urine (OR 16.7, p = 0.055) correlated with worse @entity1011 at 1 year post-diagnosis. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that extensive @entity32 (HR 46988, p = 0.032) at diagnosis, and high PVAN stage (HR 162.2, p = 0.021) were associated with worse long-term graft survival rates. CONCLUSIONS: The extent of @entity32 influences short and long-term graft outcomes in @entity1 with PVAN. The degree of PVAN, rate of reduction in viral load, and viral clearance also can be used as prognostic markers in PVAN.

title: Factors Influencing Graft Outcomes Following Diagnosis of XXXX after Renal Transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Polyomavirus -Associated Nephropathy']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: The goals of this study were to identify the effects of @entity1007 on the cochlea and to find out where the pathologic changes first occur. BACKGROUND: Some authors have stated that @entity1007 alone does not produce @entity2167 . Others propose that @entity2167 is caused by glycogen accumulation and other alterations on cochlear ultrastructure. METHODS: Twenty @entity840 were classified as a control group fed with a normal diet, and a @entity165 group of 24 animals was given a diet composed of 1 g @entity165 per day for 4 months. The hearing acuity of the animals before the diets was compared with that after the diets by means of auditory brainstem responses. The basal and apical turns of the cochleas were examined by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: The control group showed normal cochlear ultrastructures consistent with normal hearing thresholds, whereas the @entity165 group had profound @entity4 in the strial marginal layer and slight @entity4 in the outer hair cells, in line with data from auditory brainstem responses revealing changes in hearing sensitivity in various degrees. The pathologic changes in the basal turn and the stria vascularis were qualitatively prominent in comparison with those of the apical turn and the outer hair cell. CONCLUSIONS: These observations confirm that @entity1007 alone may cause @entity2167 if dietary @entity165 is kept at a high level for a long time. Alterations attributed to @entity1007 begin in the stria vascularis and then spread over the outer hair cells, mainly in the basal turn.

title: Ultrastructural effects of XXXX on the cochlea.

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['auditory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1007 :: (MESH:D006937,Disease) :: ['hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: @entity5938 is one of the leading causes of @entity281 associated with biofilm formation on implant devices. @entity4422 are at risk of @entity5938 transcutaneous contamination leading to higher non-union development compared to closed @entity174 . Although the role of @entity281 in delaying @entity174 healing is well recognized, no in vivo models investigated the impact of subclinical low-grade infections on bone repair and non-union. We hypothesized that the non-union rate is directly related to the load of this commonly retrieved pathogen and that a low-grade contamination delays the @entity174 healing without clinically detectable @entity281 . @entity35 femurs were osteotomized and stabilized with plates. @entity174 were infected with a characterized clinical-derived @entity3256 -resistant @entity5938 (103, 105, 108 colony forming units) and compared to uninfected controls. After 56 days, bone healing and @entity4034 were clinically assessed and further evaluated by micro-CT, microbiological and histological analyses. The biofilm formation was visualized by scanning electron microscopy. The control group showed no signs of @entity281 and a complete bone healing. The 103 group displayed variable response to @entity281 with a 67% of altered bone healing and positive bacterial cultures, despite no clinical signs of @entity281 present. The 105 and 108 groups showed severe signs of @entity4034 and a non-union rate of 83-100%, respectively. The cortical bone reaction related to the periosteal elevation in the control group and the metal scattering detected by micro-CT represented limitations of this study. Our model showed that an intra-operative low-grade @entity5938 contamination might prevent the bone healing, even in the absence of infectious signs. Our findings also pointed out a dose-dependent effect between the @entity5938 inoculum and non-union rate. This pilot study identifies a relevant preclinical model to assess the role of @entity4092 in orthopaedic and @entity130 surgery and to test specifically designed diagnostic, prevention and therapeutic strategies.

title: Modeling XXXX -Induced Non-Unions: Subclinical and Clinical Evidence in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity4422 :: ('MESH:D005597', 'Disease') :: ['Open fractures']

entities_list: @entity5938 :: ('1282', 'Species') :: ['S. epidermidis']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'orthopaedic infections']

entities_list: @entity4092 :: ('MESH:D058345', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical infections']

answer: @entity5938 :: (1282,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus epidermidis']