abstract: Salivary @entity29073 ( @entity29073 ), a potent toxin for the @entity1 fungal pathogen @entity5132 , induces noncytolytic efflux of cellular @entity855 , @entity972 , and @entity1760 in the absence of cytolysis, implicating these ion movements in the toxin's fungicidal activity. @entity29073 action on Candida resembles, in many respects, the action of the K1 killer toxin on @entity375 , and in that system the @entity375 plasma membrane @entity972 channel, @entity70316 , has recently been reported to be a primary target of toxin action. The question of whether the Candida homologue of @entity375 @entity70316 might be a primary target of @entity29073 action has now been investigated by disruption of the @entity5132 @entity70316 gene. The resultant strains ( @entity70316 / @entity70316 ) and ( @entity70316 / @entity70316 ) were compared with wild-type Candida ( @entity70316 / @entity70316 ) for relative @entity855 leakage and killing in response to @entity29073 . Patch-clamp measurements on Candida protoplasts were used to verify the functional deletion of @entity70316 and to provide its first description in Candida. @entity70316 is an outwardly rectifying, noisily gated, 40-pS channel, very similar to that described in @entity375 . Knockout of CaTOK1 ( @entity70316 / @entity70316 ) completely abolishes the currents and gating events characteristic of @entity70316 . Also, knockout ( @entity70316 / @entity70316 ) increases residual viability of Candida after @entity29073 treatment to 27%, from 7% in the wild type, while the single allele deletion ( @entity70316 / @entity70316 ) increases viability to 18%. Comparable results were obtained for Hst-induced @entity855 efflux, but quantitative features of @entity855 loss suggest that wild-type @entity70316 genes function cooperatively. Overall, very substantial killing and @entity855 efflux are produced by @entity29073 treatment after complete knockout of wild-type @entity70316 , making clear that @entity70316 channels are not the primary site of @entity29073 action, even though they do play a modulating role.

title: Killing of @entity5132 by @entity1 salivary @entity29073 is modulated, but not determined, by the XXXX channel TOK1.

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces', 'yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity519 in @entity1573 embryos increases hematocrit (Hct), blood @entity3612 content, and blood viscosity. The latter may limit @entity3612 transport capacity (OTC) via increased peripheral resistance. Hct increase may result from increased nucleated red blood cell concentration ([RBC]) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) or reduced plasma volume. We hypothesized changes in Hct, hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]), [RBC] and MCV and their effects on viscosity would reduce OTC. Five experimental treatments that increase Hct were conducted on day 15 embryos: 60min water submergence with 60min recovery in air; exposure to 15% @entity3612 with or without 5% @entity3158 for 24 h with 6 h recovery; or exposure to 10% @entity3612 with or without 5% @entity3158 for 120 min with 120 min recovery. Control Hct, [Hb], [RBC], MCV, and viscosity were approximately 26%, 9g%, 2.0 10(6) L(-1), 130 m(3), and 1.6mPas, respectively. All manipulations increased Hct and blood viscosity without changing blood osmolality (276mmolkg(-1)). Increased viscosity was attributed to increased [RBC] and MCV in submerged embryos, but solely MCV in embryos experiencing 10% @entity3612 regardless of @entity3158 . Blood viscosity in embryos exposed to 15% @entity3612 increased via increased MCV alone, and viscosity was constant during recovery despite increased [RBC]. Consequently, blood viscosity was governed by MCV and [RBC] during submergence, while MCV was the @entity1503 in extrinsic @entity519 with or without @entity2944 . Increased Hct and blood @entity3612 content did not compensate for the effect of increased viscosity on OTC during these challenges.

title: Dynamics of blood viscosity regulation during @entity519 challenges in the @entity1573 embryo ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['strongest determinant of blood viscosity']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxia']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['Gallus gallus domesticus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine prevalence of udder @entity2419 in a dairy herd that was experiencing an outbreak of @entity1908 . DESIGN: Clinical survey. ANIMALS: 1,597 Holstein @entity291 and late-gestation heifers. PROCEDURE: Animals were examined for udder @entity2419 and for @entity272 consistent with sarcoptic or chorioptic mange. Skin scrapings were collected from 56 @entity291 and examined for ectoparasites. The herd was revisited 1 year later, and prevalences of udder @entity2419 and lesions consistent with mange were determined in 506 @entity291 . RESULTS: Of the 1,597 @entity291 examined, 280 (18%) had udder @entity2419 , and 1,397 (87.5%) had lesions consistent with mange. In 43 of 56 (77%) @entity291 , skin scrapings revealed Sarcoptes mites. Udder @entity2419 was significantly more common in older than in younger @entity291 . In first-lactation @entity291 , udder @entity2419 was less common during the first 4 months of lactation than in the later stages of lactation, but udder @entity2419 was identified in @entity291 in all stages of lactation and in @entity291 that were not lactating. The herd was treated with eprinomectin to control mites, and prevalence of lesions consistent with mange 1 year later was only 2.8%. However, prevalence of udder @entity2419 was still 12%. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that @entity291 in any stage of lactation and @entity291 that are not lactating can have udder @entity2419 but that lesions are more common in older @entity291 . Control of @entity1908 was accompanied by a moderate reduction in the prevalence of udder @entity2419 but did not eliminate the condition.

title: Udder XXXX and @entity1908 in a dairy herd.

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity1908 :: ('MESH:D012532', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoptic mange']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

answer: @entity2419 :: (MESH:D002972,Disease) :: ['cleft dermatitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the experience with diagnosis and therapy of @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ). METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 with @entity1412 who had undergone total colectomy were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: In 5 @entity1 with benign and 8 @entity1 with @entity1412 , their average age at operation was 31.5 years (range 10 - 57), 25 years in benign @entity1 and 36 years in malignant @entity1 . @entity74 histories were found in 8 @entity1 in 6 families. Nineteen @entity1 were determined in 6 families in 3 generations. Seven familial members died of @entity14 in 4 families. History lasted 2 - 20 years. The number of @entity1412 was more than 100. All @entity1 underwent total colectomy, ileostomy or anus-preserving surgery with or without @entity4628 . All @entity1 without @entity5 survived. The longest one exceeded 25 years, but 3/8 @entity1 with @entity5 developed @entity3 of liver, brain and abdomen within 6 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1412 will turn to be @entity5 if not removed. Total colectomy or proctocolectomy should be performed before @entity5 . Total colectomy, preserving muscular sheath of the rectum after mucosectomy, @entity4628 -anal @entity254 may be the operative choice for @entity1412 .

title: [Diagnosis and treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4628 :: ('MESH:D007077', 'Disease') :: ['ileal pouch']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'canceration']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Familial inherited']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis', 'malignant adenomatous polyposis', 'FAP', 'adenomatous polyposis']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis']


abstract: We have investigated the effects of repairing knee @entity4713 in @entity95 by using porous @entity8607 66/nano- @entity692 (PA66/n-HA) combination bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Eighteen 6-month-old @entity95 were used to produce the models of 4 mm x 4 mm osteochondral defect in the middle trochlea groove of femur. These models were randomly divided into 3 groups: PA66/n-HA + MSCs Group (Group A), PA66/n-HA group (Group B) and Operation control-group (Group C) in which operation for @entity4713 was performed but neither material nor cells were implanted. The materials in Group A were seeded with MSCs (5 x 10(5)) in vitro before being implanted in to defects. The materials in groups A and B were 0.5 - 0.8 mm lower than normal cartilage. The animals were killed 1 and 4 months after operation. We assessed the effects by means of macroscopic observation, HE staining, @entity11979 staining, immunohistochemistry assay for type I and type II collagen. Group A displayed a little effect at the 1 month, but at the 4th month, Group A showed better results,compared to Groups B and C. At this time point, the repair tissue of Group A was regular; it presented more metachromatic substance visualized by @entity11979 staining, and it expressed type II collagen(+ +) and type I collagen(+). These results demonstrate that the repair tissue in Group A is nearly hyaline cartilage. So we presume that porous PA66/n-HA provides biomechanical support, and at the same time, MSCs enhance the repair effects.

title: [Preliminary studies on repairing XXXX in the @entity95 knee joint by using porous PA66/n-HA combination mesenchymal stem cells].

entities_list: @entity4713 :: ('MESH:D010007', 'Disease') :: ['osteochondral defects']

entities_list: @entity8607 :: ('CHEBI:61445', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamide']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbit', 'New Zealand rabbits']

entities_list: @entity11979 :: ('MESH:D014048', 'Chemical') :: ['toluidine blue']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroxyapatite']

answer: @entity4713 :: (MESH:D010007,Disease) :: ['osteochondral defects']


abstract: Cytotoxins directed to interleukin-4 receptors have shown to mediate relatively selective @entity137 against a variety of @entity1 @entity5 cells in vitro and in vivo. In an ongoing Phase I clinical trial, a recombinant protein comprised of circularly permuted @entity3646 fused to a mutated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin (the fusion protein termed @entity3646 (38-37)-PE38KDEL or cpIL4-PE) has shown antitumour activity against @entity11 . @entity1 @entity2946 are @entity5 that occur in @entity1 and have a poor prognosis. The goal of this study was to determine whether @entity1 @entity2946 derived cell lines express @entity9597 and whether @entity9597 expression is accompanied by sensitivity to cpIL4-PE. @entity2946 cell lines express @entity9597 at the protein and mRNA levels as determined by binding, indirect immunofluorescence and RT--PCR studies. These cells expressed @entity9597 (also known as IL-4Rbeta) and IL-13Ralpha1 (also known as IL-13Ralpha') chains, however common gamma(c), a component of the @entity9597 system in immune cells was not detected. Consistent with the expression of @entity9597 , cpIL4-PE was found to be highly and specifically cytotoxic to four of five @entity2946 cell lines. Susceptibility of @entity2946 cell lines to cpIL4-PE seemed to correlate closely to the functional @entity3646 binding sites in general as demonstrated by 125I- @entity3646 binding, but did not seem to correlate with mRNA or cell surface immunoreactive receptor protein expression. The sensitivity of @entity2946 cells to cpIL4-PE could be eliminated by concurrent incubation with @entity3646 or @entity4047 , but not with @entity1199 . None of these cell lines showed any change in proliferation upon treatment with exogenous @entity3646 . These studies establish the @entity9597 as a @entity2946 -associated target for possible @entity5 -directed @entity5 therapy. Further studies are warranted to investigate @entity9597 expression in primary @entity5 and sensitivity to cpIL-4PE in vitro and in vivo.

title: @entity3646 receptors on @entity1 @entity5 serve as a sensitive target for a circular permuted XXXX -Pseudomonas exotoxin fusion protein.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity9597 :: ('3566', 'Gene') :: ['IL-4Ralpha', 'IL-4R', 'interleukin-4 receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neuroectodermal tumours', 'medulloblastoma tumours', 'cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant glioma']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma', 'Medulloblastoma', 'medulloblastomas']

answer: @entity3646 :: (3565,Gene) :: ['IL-4']


abstract: This article aims to emphasize that @entity292 following peptic ulcer surgery, though uncommon in the post vagotomy era, still continues to occur. We stress the changing trends in its epidemiology, aetiopathogenesis and treatment. The case records of 12 @entity1 with @entity292 (seen over a 15 year period) were reviewed. Details regarding clinical presentation, investigations and treatment were analyzed and the results compared with previous published series. All the 12 @entity1 in this study had a short loop posterior retrocolic gastrojejunostomy as part of the primary peptic ulcer surgery. @entity294 and profound @entity353 was present in all of them. @entity445 was proved in all the six @entity1 investigated for the same. The @entity292 was demonstrated in all of them on barium enema, while it was seen on upper GI endoscopy in 4. Eight @entity1 were treated by a one stage resection and repair of @entity292 . A three stage procedure was performed in two.

title: XXXX following surgery for peptic ulcer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['Diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity445 :: ('MESH:C536298', 'Disease') :: ['Incompleteness of vagotomy']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['gastrojejunocolic fistula', 'fistula']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['Gastrojejunocolic fistula']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diagnostic laparoscopy plays a significant role in the evaluation of acute and chronic @entity490 in the era of therapeutic laparoscopic surgery. METHODS: We referred to our personal series of laparoscopy for both acute and chronic @entity490 . This is a retrospective review of data accumulated prospectively between 1979 and the present. RESULTS: In our series, 387 consecutive @entity1 underwent laparoscopy because of @entity490 . In a group of 121 @entity1 with acute @entity490 , a definitive diagnosis was made in 119 cases (98%). Two @entity1 needed laparotomy to confirm the diagnosis; both had a disease process that did not require laparotomy to treat. A definitive therapeutic laparoscopic procedure was performed in 53 cases 944%). In 45 @entity1 (38%), a diagnosis was made that did not require therapeutic laparoscopy or laparotomy to treat. In the remaining 21 @entity1 (17.5%), exploratory laparotomy was needed to treat the condition. In a chronic @entity490 group of 265 @entity1 , the etiology was established laparoscopically in 201 cases (76%). A definitive therapeutic laparoscopic procedure was performed in 128 @entity1 (48%). There was a normal laparoscopic examination in 64 @entity1 (24%). There was one false negative laparoscopy that required laparotomy to treat 1 month later. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopy is an accurate modality for the diagnosis of both acute and chronic @entity490 . These data support the use of laparoscopy as the primary invasive intervention in @entity1 with acute and chronic @entity490 .

title: The role of laparoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain syndromes', 'abdominal pain']

answer: @entity490 :: (MESH:D015746,Disease) :: ['abdominal pain syndromes']


abstract: The targeted delivery of genes whose products arrest the cell cycle and/or induce apoptosis represent an important tool for the understanding and controlling forms of unregulated cell growth. The vpr gene product of @entity2858 has been reported to interfere with cell growth and induce apoptosis, but the mechanism of its action is not clearly understood. In order to study these important properties of Vpr, we created a recombinant adenovirus H5.010 @entity2834 -vpr (adCMV-vpr) as a tool to deliver the vpr gene to various cell lines to examine its biology. Vpr protein expression was confirmed by Western blot analysis in adCMV-vpr infected cells. We tested the effects of adCMV-vpr on cell growth of several @entity5 cell lines. Infection of both @entity876 positive and @entity876 deficient @entity5 cell lines with adCMV-vpr resulted in dramatic induction of cell death in short-term assays. We observed that apoptosis was induced through the mitochondrial pathway as we observed changes in the @entity4674 content accompanied by @entity8187 activation. As @entity588 is reported to interfere with apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway, we examined the effect of adCMV-vpr in @entity588 over expressing cell lines. We observed that @entity588 overexpression does not inhibit adCMV-vpr induced apoptosis. The properties of adCMV-vpr inducing apoptosis through @entity8187 in a @entity876 pathway independent manner suggest that this is an important reagent. Such a vector may give insight into approaches designed to limit the growth of pathogenic @entity1 cells.

title: Adenovirus encoding XXXX Vpr activates @entity8187 and induces apoptotic cell death in both @entity876 positive and negative @entity1 @entity5 cell lines.

answer: @entity2858 :: (11676,Species) :: ['HIV-1']


abstract: One case of primary @entity358 is presented. @entity358 is a rare @entity5 . Of 83 cases reported in the literatures, 54 were recorded in detail. The incidence of the disease in the male is higher than that in the female. @entity1 , adolescents and young adults may be involved. Its clinical and X-ray manifestations are similar to those of @entity2 . The diagnosis is established by pathologic examination. Direct visualization, biopsy and brushing during bronchoscopy are important methods for preoperative diagnosis. The chance of positive sputum cytology is very small. The pathologic features of this disease are emphasized. It is suggested that surgery be more effective for this @entity5 than the other @entity2 .

title: [Primary XXXX --a case report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Leiomyosarcoma of the lung', 'leiomyosarcoma of the lung']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers', 'lung cancer']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['leiomyosarcoma of the lung']


abstract: Transoral laser surgery today is the mainstay of treatment for T1 and T2 @entity189 . The vocal ability remains sufficient in the majority of @entity1 . However, in some cases, a significant glottic gap may persist, leading to poor voice quality. We report a special technique of medialization thyroplasty using autologous cartilage specifically adapted for vocal rehabilitation after laser resection. Six @entity1 with a significant glottic gap following laser surgery were treated. For vocal rehabilitation, a special medialization technique was performed. The superior rim of the thyroid cartilage of the resected side was exposed. A 1 x 2-cm piece of cartilage was harvested and reimplanted into a subperichondrial pouch created on the inner side of the thyroid cartilage. When phonation was optimal, this cartilaginous strut was sutured and/or glued in place. In all 6 cases, the vocal function improved significantly. The @entity7364 index (0 = normal, 3 = aphonia), which includes objective parameters as well as expert voice ratings and the @entity1 's perception, increased by 1.1 on average (range, 0.4 to 1.6). The results have been lasting. The established medialization techniques are of limited value in a larynx scarred by laser surgery. Injection augmentation is often futile because the tight scar tissue does not lend itself to augmentation. Implantation of nonorganic material may cause problems if revision surgery for @entity5 recurrence should become necessary or if the implant protrudes into the scarred endolarynx. The technique reported avoids these pitfalls and leads to voice quality improvement comparable to that of established medialization procedures.

title: Surgical voice rehabilitation after laser surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['glottic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7364 :: ('MESH:D055154', 'Disease') :: ['dysphonia']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['glottic carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1737 is a condition in which neuromuscular transmission is affected by antibodies against @entity3161 components ( @entity6107 , MG; and @entity27939 gravis, NMG) or by defects in genes for @entity3161 proteins ( @entity8491 , CMSs). Clinically, some individuals seem to benefit from treatment with @entity6358 , but its effects and adverse effects have not been systematically evaluated. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects and adverse effects of @entity6358 in @entity1 with @entity792 , transient neonatal MG, and the @entity8491 . SEARCH METHODS: On 17 November 2014, we searched the Cochrane @entity4094 Group Specialized Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE and EMBASE. We also searched reference lists of articles, conference proceedings of relevant conferences, and prospective trial registers. In addition, we contacted manufacturers and researchers in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA: We considered randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs comparing @entity6358 as a single or add-on treatment with any other active treatment, placebo, or no treatment in adults or @entity1 with @entity792 , NMG, or CMSs. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently assessed study design and quality, and extracted data. We contacted study authors for additional information. We collected information on adverse effects from included articles, and contacted authors. MAIN RESULTS: We found no RCTs or quasi-RCTs, and therefore could not establish the effect of @entity6358 on MG, NMG and CMSs. We describe the results of 53 non-randomised studies narratively in the Discussion section, including observations of endurance, muscle strength and quality of life. Effects may differ depending on the type of @entity1737 . Thirty-seven studies were in @entity1 with CMS, five in @entity1 with MG, and in 11 the precise form of @entity1737 was unknown. We found no studies for NMG. Reported adverse effects included @entity591 , @entity25 , nervousness, and withdrawal symptoms. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There was no evidence available from RCTs or quasi-RCTs, but some observations from non-randomised studies are available. There is a need for more evidence from suitable forms of prospective RCTs, such as series of n-of-one RCTs, that use appropriate and validated outcome measures.

title: @entity6358 for XXXX , @entity27939 and the @entity8491 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'people']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['Neuromuscular Disease']

entities_list: @entity27939 :: ('MESH:D020941', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal myasthenia']

entities_list: @entity6358 :: ('MESH:D004809', 'Chemical') :: ['ephedrine']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia', 'Myasthenia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity3161 :: ('MESH:D020511', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular junction']

entities_list: @entity8491 :: ('MESH:D020294', 'Disease') :: ['congenital myasthenic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity6107 :: ('MESH:D020720', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune MG']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbances']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['myasthenia gravis']


abstract: We evaluated 58 @entity1 (mean age 30.4 years) who had undergone an isolated anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction for chronic instability (mean time from injury to surgery, 8.2 +/- 5.2 years) and showed radiographic evidence of degenerative @entity4040 . Objective evaluation at a mean of 4.1 years postoperatively included KT-1000 arthrometer stability, range of motion, and quadriceps muscle strength testing. Subjective analysis at a mean of 5.5 years postoperatively included rating of @entity158 , stability, activity level, and a total score both preoperative and postoperative. @entity1 were divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 28) with a follow-up < or = 5 years (mean 3.3 years); group 2 (n = 30) with a follow-up > 5 years (mean 7.2 years). Results were analyzed by length of follow-up and by the grade and compartment of @entity4040 . All @entity1 enjoyed a full range of motion preoperatively and postoperatively. The mean KT-1000 arthrometer manual maximum difference improved from a mean of 8.2 mm preoperatively to 2.4 mm postoperatively. All subjective scores showed statistically significant improvement over the preoperative values. @entity1 with medial compartment @entity4040 reported a better subjective total score (mean 87) than @entity1 with lateral compartment (mean 73) or bicompartmental (mean 79) @entity4040 , but there was not a statistically significant difference. There was no correlation between @entity158 , stability, or total scores and time after surgery. @entity1 in groups 1 and 2 had equal objective stability and similar subjective scores, but group 2 reported a lower activity level. An isolated ACL reconstruction can provide long-term stability and symptomatic @entity158 relief in @entity1 with chronic instability and @entity4040 . The procedure has low morbidity and does not compromise future tibial osteotomy or total knee replacement.

title: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient knee with degenerative XXXX : treatment with an isolated autogenous patellar tendon ACL reconstruction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity4040 :: ('MESH:C537208', 'Disease') :: ['arthrosis']

answer: @entity4040 :: (MESH:C537208,Disease) :: ['arthrosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The inter-relationship between arousal events and body and/or limb movements during sleep may significantly impact the performance and clinical interpretation of actigraphy. As such, the objective of this study was to quantify the temporal association between arousals and body/limb movement. From this, we aim to determine whether actigraphy can predict arousal events in @entity1 , and identify the impact of arousal-related movements on estimates of sleep/wake periods. Thirty otherwise healthy @entity1 (5-16 years, median 9 years, 21 male) with suspected @entity25 were studied using full polysomnography and customised raw tri-axial accelerometry measured at the left fingertip, left wrist, upper thorax, left ankle and left great toe. Raw data were synchronised to within 0.1 s of the polysomnogram. Movements were then identified using a custom algorithm. On average 67.5% of arousals were associated with wrist movement. Arousals associated with movement were longer than those without movement (mean duration: 12.2 s versus 7.9 s respectively, p      <      0.01); movements during wake and arousal were longer than other @entity10522 (wrist duration: 6.26 s and 9.89 s versus 2.35 s respectively, p      <      0.01); and the movement index (movements/h) did not predict apnoea-hypopnoea index (        =      -0.11). Movements associated with arousals are likely to unavoidably contribute to actigraphy's poor sensitivity for wake. However, as @entity10522 tend to be shorter than those during wake or arousal, incorporating movement duration into the actigraphy scoring algorithm may improve sleep staging performance. Although actigraphy-based measurements cannot reliably predict all arousal events, actigraphy can likely identify longer events that may have the greatest impact on @entity25 .

title: Temporal associations between arousal and body/limb movement in XXXX with suspected obstructed sleep apnoea.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity10522 :: ('MESH:D020189', 'Disease') :: ['sleep movements', 'sleep-related movements']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnoea', 'sleep quality']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to use the Swedish National Registry of @entity150 (SNRUBC) to investigate changes in @entity1 and @entity5 characteristics, management and survival in @entity150 cases over a period of 15 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All @entity1 with newly detected @entity150 reported to the SNRUBC during 1997-2011 were included in the study. The cohort was divided into three groups, each representing 5 years of the 15 year study period. RESULTS: The study included 31,266 @entity1 (74% @entity1 , 26% @entity1 ) with a mean age of 72 years. Mean age was 71.7 years in the first subperiod (1997-2001) and 72.5 years in the last subperiod (2007-2011). Clinical T categorization changed from the first to the last subperiod: Ta from 45% to 48%, T1 from 21.6% to 22.4%, and T2-T4 from 27% to 25%. Also from the first to the last subperiod, intravesical treatment after transurethral resection for T1G2 and T1G3 @entity5 increased from 15% to 40% and from 30% to 50%, respectively, and cystectomy for @entity5 increased from 30% to 40%. No differences between the analysed subperiods were found regarding relative survival in @entity1 with T1 or @entity5 , or in the whole cohort. CONCLUSIONS: This investigation based on a national @entity150 registry showed that the age of the @entity1 at diagnosis increased, and the proportion of muscle-invasive @entity5 decreased. The treatment of all @entity5 stages became more @entity146 but relative survival showed no statistically significant change over time.

title: Swedish National Registry of XXXX : No difference in relative survival over time despite more @entity146 treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary Bladder Cancer', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['T2-T4 tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['Urinary Bladder Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the success rate of @entity887 in stopping @entity548 for unstable @entity1 with severe @entity174 , to calculate the time to achieve @entity887 , and to determine the yield from angiography. DESIGN: Retrospective review of @entity1 admitted to a Level I @entity130 center with @entity174 during a 5-year period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Charts were reviewed for Injury Severity Score, age, blood pressure, @entity556 time/partial thromboplastin time, pelvic fracture type, mortality, time to reach the angiography suite, time to achieve @entity887 , and mechanism of injury. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of 806 @entity1 admitted with @entity174 , 35 underwent pelvic angiography, and 15 (1.9%) required @entity887 . Embolization was successful for all @entity1 . No deaths resulted from ongoing @entity548 . Angiography yield in initially unstable @entity1 was 64%. The mean age and initial hemodynamic instability were significantly greater in nonsurvivors. The time from arrival in the @entity130 bay to arrival in the angiography suite ranged from 50 to 1,140 minutes, and the time spent in the angiography suite performing @entity887 ranged from 50 to 140 minutes, with an average time of 90 minutes. @entity1 who were embolized within 3 hours of arrival had a significantly greater survival rate. CONCLUSION: Only a small percentage of @entity1 with @entity174 require @entity887 , but when it is used, @entity887 can be 100% effective. Age, time to achieve @entity887 , and initial hemodynamic instability appear to be important factors in survival.

title: Arterial embolization is a rapid and effective technique for controlling pelvic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic fractures']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolization']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['fracture hemorrhage']


abstract: Acquired @entity447 is a rare, but often severe @entity3459 caused by autoantibodies against @entity3459 factor, usually @entity2801 ( @entity2801 ). Between 1997 and 2004 we observed 14 @entity1 (mean age of 78 years) with acquired @entity447 . The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of activated prothrombin complex concentrate (aPCC) for @entity548 and the response to @entity288 and @entity786 to eradicate the offending autoantibodies. The most common clinical presentations were severe profuse @entity2981 (12) and haematuria (5). Ten @entity1 were classified as idiopathic. At the time of diagnosis all @entity1 had a very low @entity2801 level, and one @entity1 also showed factor IX < 1%. High levels of antibodies to @entity2801 varying from 10 to 1340 Bethesda units (BU) and prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time were disclosed in all @entity1 . Eight severe @entity548 were treated with aPCC (FEIBA) at a dosage of 70 IU kg(-1) every 8 h until haemostasis. Ten @entity1 received @entity288 and @entity786 as immunomodulatory therapy. Effective haemostasis was achieved in all @entity548 after aPCC. Ten of 11 @entity1 responded either completely or partially to the immunomodulatory regime within 6 months. Five @entity1 achieved complete response (CR) whereas partial responses were seen in five patients. The anti- @entity2225 monoclonal antibody rituximab was given to two @entity1 in conventional doses and a CR was seen in one @entity1 . aPCC is effective in treating @entity548 in @entity1 with acquired @entity447 with high inhibitor levels. The combination of oral @entity288 and @entity786 seems to be effective to eradicate the inhibitor.

title: Acquired XXXX : management of @entity548 and immune therapy to eradicate autoantibodies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['acute bleeds', 'bleeds']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['haemophilia']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['a coagulation', 'bleeding disorder']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['haemophilia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the incidence, clinical features and outcome of @entity6134 with special reference to long-term @entity9467 after Snip-punctoplasty and curettage. METHODS: Single center, retrospective, telephonic questionnaire study. The medical records of @entity1 who visited Orbit and Oculoplasty clinic, Tertiary Eye Hospital, India from 01 July 2011 to 31 June 2012 were analyzed. Records of the @entity1 with @entity6134 were reviewed for clinical profile and management. Post-surgical @entity1 thus identified were telephonically contacted in December 2012. Questionnaire was used to assess the @entity9467 . Symptomatic @entity1 were given clinic appointment, reassessed and managed. RESULTS: 2245 @entity1 visited Orbit and Oculoplasty clinic during the study period. The incidence of @entity6134 was 1.4% (31 @entity1 ). The median age of the @entity1 with @entity6134 was 65  years (range, 14-80  yrs). Sixteen @entity1 were male. All cases were unilateral and four eyes showed both upper and lower canalicular involvement. The commonest clinical presentations were pus or concretion from punctum (28), mucous discharge (23), @entity9467 (18) and conjunctival injection (18). Three snip punctoplasty and canalicular curettage was performed in 30 of these @entity1 . Twenty of the 25 available culture results were positive and streptococcus species was the most common isolated organism. Records revealed that five (22%) of these @entity1 had persistence of symptoms. Twenty-three @entity1 could be contacted telephonically. The median follow-up of these @entity1 was 11  months. On telephonic communication we found that two (8.7%) @entity1 had @entity9467 . @entity9467 score in these @entity1 was three and one respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Incidence of @entity6134 was 1.4%. Most common isolate was streptococcus species. Snip-punctoplasty and curettage is a safe and efficacious modality of treatment of @entity6134 . @entity9467 occurred in 8.7% @entity1 .

title: Primary XXXX : The incidence, clinical features, outcome and long-term @entity9467 after snip-punctoplasty and curettage.

entities_list: @entity9467 :: ('MESH:D007766', 'Disease') :: ['epiphora', 'Post-operative epiphora', 'postsurgical epiphora', 'Munk epiphora']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6134 :: ('MESH:C538406', 'Disease') :: ['primary canaliculitis', 'canaliculitis']

answer: @entity6134 :: (MESH:C538406,Disease) :: ['canaliculitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Most early phase trials in @entity64 and @entity131 have failed in phase 3, including efforts to improve acute @entity385 outcomes beyond that achieved by intravenous recombinant @entity3479 ) (IVT). With the exception of more recent stent retriever trials, most subsequent phase 3 trials failed. We previously showed that baseline imbalances, non-linear relationships of these factors to outcome, and unrepresentative control populations invalidate traditional statistical analysis in early trials of heterogeneous diseases such as @entity64 . We developed an alternative approach using a pooled outcome model derived from control arms of randomized clinical trial (RCTs). This model then permits comparing treatment trials to an expected outcome of a pooled population. Here, we hypothesized we could develop such a model for IVT and tested it against outcomes without IVT. We surveyed literature for all trials involving one arm with IVT reporting baseline National Institute @entity64 Scale (NIHSS), age, and outcome. A non-linear fit was performed including multi-dimensional statistical intervals (  95  %) permitting visual comparison of outcomes at their own baselines. We compared models derived from non-IVT control arms. Models from 24 IVT RCTs representing 3195 subjects were successfully generated for functional outcome, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0-2 (r (2)   =   0. 83, p   <   0.001), and mortality (r (2)   =   0.54; p   =   0.001). We confirmed better outcomes compared to no IVT and mixed use IVT models across the range of baseline factors. It was possible to generate an expected outcome model for IVT from existing literature. We confirmed benefit compared to placebo. This model should be useful to compare to new agents without the need for statistical manipulation.

title: An Outcome Model for Intravenous rt-PA in Acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['brain trauma']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity3479 :: ('5327', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Restraint stress produces @entity356 and acidity leading to stress @entity1066 . Intracerebroventricular (ICV) salmon calcitonin (sCT) @entity130 and acidity, but its effects on restraint-induced hypercontractility are unknown. METHODS: Using stereotactic guidance, ICV catheters were placed into the lateral ventricle of adult male @entity35 and calibrated gastric strain gauge transducers were implanted 5 days prior to restraint stress. sCT @entity35 (n = 8) were pretreated with 5 microg of calcitonin ICV (10 microl volume), while controls (n = 10) received 10 microl of ICV saline prior to restraint for 2 h at 20 degrees C followed by 2 h at 4 degrees C. Gastric motility data were collected with AT-CODAS and analyzed with ADVANCED CODAS. Gastric volume, pH, and lesions were recorded following the stress. RESULTS: ICV @entity175 prevented @entity1819 in all animals (0% vs 100%, P <.01) and @entity8487 slightly (2.5 +/-.3 vs 1.6 +/-.1, P <.05). Stress caused the force of contractions to increase from 0.35 +/-.1 to 1.38 +/-.4 g in controls (P <.01), while treated animal's force fell from.42 +/-.1 to 0.2 +/-.05 g (P <.01 vs control). Stress did not affect contractions/min (3.4 +.6 vs 3.5 +.3), but sCT increased frequency (2.5 +.4 to 5.0 +.2, P <.01). Stress prolonged contraction duration (11.5 + 1 to 16.5 + 1.7 s, P <.01), but stress's effect was prevented by sCT (11.0 +.5 to 11.2 +.3, P <.01 vs control). CONCLUSIONS: Pretreatment with 5 microg central sCT prevents the increased amplitude and duration of @entity356 produced by restraint stress for 2 h, in association with gastroprotection.

title: Intracerebroventricular calcitonin prevents stress-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity8487 :: ('MESH:D010677', 'Disease') :: ['elevated pH']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric mucosal injury']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric hypercontractility', 'gastric contractions']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['decreases restraint injury']

answer: @entity1819 :: (MESH:D013272,Disease) :: ['gastric dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The Mycotic Ulcer Treatment Trial I (MUTT I) was a double-masked, multicentre, randomised controlled trial, which found that topical @entity5896 is superior to @entity5074 for the treatment of @entity3283 . In this study, we determine risk factors for @entity4064 -related quality of life in @entity1 with @entity364 . METHODS: The Indian visual function questionnaire (IND-VFQ) was administered to MUTT I study @entity1 at 3   months. Associations between @entity1 and ulcer characteristics and IND-VFQ subscale score were assessed using generalised estimating equations. RESULTS: 323 @entity1 were enrolled in the trial, and 292 (90.4%) completed the IND-VFQ at 3   months. Out of a total possible score of 100, the average VFQ score for all @entity1 was 81.3 (range 0-100, SD 23.6). After correcting for treatment arm, each logMAR line of worse baseline visual acuity in the affected eye resulted in an average 1.2 points decrease on VFQ at 3   months (95% CI -1.8 to 0.6, p<0.001). Those who required therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty had an average of 25.2 points decrease on VFQ after correcting for treatment arm (95% CI -31.8 to -18.5, p<0.001). Study @entity1 who were unemployed had on average 28.5 points decrease on VFQ (95% CI -46.9 to -10.2, p=0.002) after correcting for treatment arm. CONCLUSIONS: Monocular vision loss from @entity5575 due to @entity364 reduced vision-related quality of life. Given the relatively high worldwide burden of @entity5575 , improving treatment outcomes of @entity281 should be a public health priority. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00996736.

title: Risk factors for XXXX related functioning in the Mycotic Ulcer Treatment Trial: a randomised trial comparing @entity5896 with @entity5074 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5575 :: ('MESH:D003318', 'Disease') :: ['corneal opacity']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['corneal infections']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal keratitis']

entities_list: @entity3283 :: ('MESH:D003320', 'Disease') :: ['filamentous fungal corneal ulcers']

entities_list: @entity5074 :: ('MESH:C102790', 'Chemical') :: ['voriconazole']

entities_list: @entity5896 :: ('MESH:D010866', 'Chemical') :: ['natamycin']

entities_list: @entity4064 :: ('MESH:D015354', 'Disease') :: ['low vision']

answer: @entity4064 :: (MESH:D015354,Disease) :: ['low vision']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Symptoms of heartburn has an impact on health-related quality of life (HRQL). When a questionnaire is translated into a new language, a linguistic validation is necessary but not sufficient unless the psychometric characteristics have been verified. The aim is to document the psychometric characteristics of the German translation of the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) and Quality of Life in Reflux and @entity2210 (QOLRAD) questionnaire. METHODS: 142 @entity1 with symptoms of heartburn (Age: M = 47.5, +/- 14.6; Males = 44.4%) completed the German translation of GSRS, the QOLRAD, the Short-Form-36 (SF-36) and the Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 (HAD) scale. RESULTS: The internal consistency reliability of GSRS ranged from 0.53-0.91 and of QOLRAD from 0.90-0.94, respectively. The test-retest reliability of GSRS ranged from 0.49-0.73 and of QOLRAD from 0.70-0.84. The relevant domains of the GSRS and QOLRAD domain scores significantly correlated. GSRS domains of Abdominal @entity158 and Constipation correlated (negatively) with most of the domains of the SF-36. The relevant QOLRAD domains significantly correlated with all SF-36 domains. CONCLUSIONS: The psychometric characteristics of the German translation of GSRS and QOLRAD were found to be good, with satisfactory reliability and validity. The reliability of the GSRS Abdominal @entity158 domain was moderate.

title: Psychometric validation of the German translation of the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) and Quality of Life in Reflux and @entity2210 (QOLRAD) questionnaire in XXXX with reflux disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['Dyspepsia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated the existence of a subset of B lymphocytes, regulatory B cells (Bregs), which modulate immune function. In this study, in vivo and in vitro experiments were undertaken to elucidate the role of these Bregs in controlling neuroinflammation following viral @entity75 . We used multicolor flow cytometry to phenotype lymphocyte subpopulations infiltrating the brain, along with in vitro cocultures to assess their anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory roles. This distinctive subset of @entity6440 (+) @entity776 (hi) @entity6689 (+) B cells was found to infiltrate the brains of chronically infected animals, reaching highest levels at the latest time point tested (30 d postinfection). B cell-deficient Jh(-/-) @entity19 were found to develop exacerbated neuroimmune responses as measured by enhanced accumulation and/or retention of CD8(+) T cells within the brain, as well as increased levels of microglial activation (MHC class II). Conversely, levels of @entity3744 (+) regulatory T cells were found to be significantly lower in Jh(-/-) @entity19 when compared with wild-type (Wt) animals. Further experiments showed that in vitro-generated @entity1618 -secreting Bregs (B10) were able to inhibit cytokine responses from microglia following stimulation with viral Ags. These in vitro-generated B10 cells were also found to promote proliferation of regulatory T cells in coculture studies. Finally, gain-of-function experiments demonstrated that reconstitution of Wt B cells into Jh(-/-) @entity19 restored neuroimmune responses to levels exhibited by infected Wt @entity19 . Taken together, these results demonstrate that Bregs modulate T lymphocyte as well as microglial cell responses within the infected brain and promote @entity1961 (+) @entity3744 (+) T cell proliferation in vitro.

title: Infiltrating Regulatory B Cells Control Neuroinflammation following Viral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain infection']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['Brain Infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To analyze the clinical impact derived from endovascular treatment failure on @entity1 with @entity432 ( @entity432 ) regarding their preoperative clinical stage. METHODS: Retrospective review for primary endovascular procedures for @entity432 from 2008 to 2013. Primary end point included clinical deterioration defined as @entity63 ( @entity63 ) or clinical worsening by, at least, one Rutherford's classification category, related to procedure's failure (restenosis >70% or occlusion). RESULTS: Ninety procedures were analyzed in 85 @entity1 , 87.8% operated due to @entity63 . The lesion treated was classified as Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC)-A/B in 76.7%, with a mean length of 98.5      54  mm. Covered stent graft (SG) was used in 31.1% of the cases. Median follow-up was 14.5  months and treatment failure occurred in 33.3% of cases (n  =  30, 9 restenosis and 21 occlusions). Clinical worsening was assessed in 40% of treatment failures and 6 of 21 (28.6%) presented as @entity63 . Twenty-two major adverse limb events (MALEs) were recorded and 8 major amputations. Regarding the type of stent, more occlusions were recorded on @entity1 treated with SG compared with bare metal stent (39.3% vs. 16%; P  =  0.02). However, no differences were found between groups regarding clinical worsening attributable to treatment failure (HR, 1.33; CI 95%, 0.5-3.5; P  =  0.5). On multivariate analysis, TASC-C/D lesions (HR, 5.5; CI 95%, 2.3-13.3; P  <  0.001) and female sex (HR, 4.9; CI 95%, 1.9-12.5; P  =  0.001) behaved as significant predictors for failure and dual-antiplatelet therapy as a protective factor (HR, 0.3; CI 95%, 0.3-0.13; P  =  0.03). No predictors were obtained regarding clinical worsening and occurrence of MALEs in our series. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with failure of endovascular procedures on @entity432 appeared with clinical worsening in a no negligible number of cases in our sample regarding their preoperative clinical situation. Thus, we believe that endovascular treatment should be carefully deliberated.

title: Clinical Outcomes after Endovascular Treatment Failure in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['femoropopliteal occlusive disease', 'FPOD']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['acute limb ischemia', 'ALI', 'critical limb ischemia']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['Femoropopliteal Occlusive Disease']


abstract: AIM: To present our experience with emergency or programmed @entity887 of @entity359 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The retrospective study 1999-2000 included a total of 20 @entity1 with @entity3052 , five of whom had @entity1375 . Group I emergency @entity887 : 11 @entity1 age being 61.4    15.6 years and the size of @entity3052 8.2    2.8 cm presented retroperitoneal hemorrhage from @entity1409 . Two had a @entity548 . A transfusion of 3.4 blood units per @entity1 was performed for five @entity1 . A clinical and radiological follow-up was done by scanning during the first week and in one month. Group II preventive @entity887 : nine @entity1 , with age between 58.3    15.2 years and @entity5 size 5.2    2.2 cm, all asymptomatic. All successfully received a unilateral preventive @entity887 . A scan was performed one month later. RESULTS: Group I: the @entity887 was effective in 100% of @entity1 . No intraoperative incident was reported. After one month, the reduction in @entity5 volume was 40%. At eight months, a @entity1 underwent nephrectomy because of a new @entity174 , and another a second @entity887 after 14 months. The technical result was maintained in 83% of cases after 18 months. Two @entity1 developed HTA after @entity887 controlled by a single treatment, and five had limited @entity8 sequels. Group II: no intraoperative incidents and no postoperatively complications have been reported. One month after @entity887 , the reduction in @entity5 volume was 23%. After 24 months, @entity1 remained completely asymptomatic, no spontaneous @entity548 has been reported, no surgery has been performed, and no HTA has been described. Only one re- @entity887 was done at 20 months (artery duplicity). Limited @entity8 sequels were reported for one @entity1 but no @entity177 . CONCLUSIONS: The required @entity887 became the method of choice in emergency with excellent results and few complications at distance. Programmed @entity887 effectively prevented the risk of @entity548 , without impact on the renal function, with a low economic cost compared to hospitalization and emergency care. The significance of the observed @entity3052 -- @entity1375 association in our series requires a confrontation with more important cohorts.

title: [Preventive and emergency @entity887 of XXXX : our experience].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal ischemic']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity1409 :: ('MESH:D012422', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous rupture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolization']

entities_list: @entity359 :: ('MESH:D018207', 'Disease') :: ['angiomyolipomas']

answer: @entity359 :: (MESH:D018207,Disease) :: ['angiomyolipomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: There is no consensus on the treatment strategy for adult @entity1 with cerebral @entity11 . The diagnosis and primary treatment are usually undertaken by surgery. Some investigators doubt the efficacy of postoperative radiotherapy (RT), whereas others advise routine postoperative RT. We report the primary results of a multicenter randomized trial on this controversy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From 24 European centers, 311 adult @entity1 with @entity11 were randomized centrally after surgery from March 1986 through September 1997, between the two arms of the trial. The irradiated group received 54 Gy in 6 weeks. The other @entity1 did not receive any treatment after surgery until the @entity5 showed progression, defined as @entity16 and evidence of progressive @entity5 on imaging. RESULTS: Of 290 eligible and assessable @entity1 (93%), the irradiated group showed a significant (log-rank p = 0.02) improvement in time to progression but not in overall survival, with a median follow-up of 5 years. The 5-year estimate was, respectively, 63% vs. 66% (overall survival) and 44% vs. 37% (time to progression) for the treated and control arms. Different treatment modalities, including RT, were undertaken for the 85 controls when a progressive @entity5 was noted. CONCLUSION: Early postoperative conventional RT such as that used for this protocol appears to improve the time to progression or progression-free survival, but not overall survival, for @entity1 with @entity11 .

title: Randomized trial on the efficacy of radiotherapy for cerebral XXXX in the adult: European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 Study 22845 with the Medical Research Council study BRO4: an interim analysis.

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['low-grade glioma']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['clinical-neurologic deterioration']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['low-grade glioma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study describes the implications of cardiac ventricular microscopy in @entity15117 relating to its ability to dive. For this work, 11 specimens of the marine turtle species @entity15117 found dead on the coast of Rio Grande do Norte (Northeast Brazil) were used. After necropsy, fragments of the cardiac ventricular wall were fixed in 10% buffered @entity406 solution for 24  h and then subjected to routine processing for light and @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ). The ventricle in this species is formed by the epicardium, @entity1562 and endocardium. The subepicardial layer consists of highly vascularised connective tissue that emits septa to reinforce the @entity1562 surface. There is an abundant and diffuse @entity129 plexus shown by immunostaining technique. The thickness of the spongy @entity1562 and the nature of its trabeculae varied between the heart chambers. The endocardium shows no characteristic elements of the heart conduction system. The valves have a hyaline cartilage skeleton, coated by dense irregular connective tissues characterised by elastic fibres. These findings in the green turtle ventricular microscopy are related to @entity519 resistance during diving.

title: Histology and Immunohistochemistry of the Cardiac Ventricular Structure in the Green Turtle ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['subepicardial nerve']

entities_list: @entity15117 :: ('8469', 'Species') :: ['C.  mydas', 'Chelonia mydas']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity15117 :: (8469,Species) :: ['Chelonia mydas']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 @entity6249 ( @entity6249 ) has been hypothesized to be an age-dependent disease accompanied by similar vascular changes in other organs. SHRSP feature numerous vascular risk factors and may be a valid model of some aspects of @entity1 @entity6249 . Here we compare renal histopathological changes with the brain pathology of spontaneously @entity101 @entity64 -prone @entity35 (SHRSP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We histologically investigated the brains and kidneys of 61 SHRSP at different stages of age (12 to 44 weeks). The brain pathology (aggregated erythrocytes in capillaries and arterioles, microbleeds, microthromboses) and the kidney pathology (aggregated erythrocytes within peritubular capillaries, tubular protein cylinders, @entity631 ) were quantified separately. The prediction of the brain pathology by the kidney pathology was assessed by creating ROC-curves integrating the degree of kidney pathology and age of SHRSP. RESULTS: Both, brain and kidney pathology, show an age-dependency and proceed in definite stages whereas an aggregation of erythrocytes in capillaries and arterioles, we parsimoniously interpreted as stases, represent the initial finding in both organs. Thus, early renal @entity16 characterized by rather few intravasal erythrocyte aggregations and tubular protein cylinders predicts the initial step of SHRSPs' cerebral vascular pathology marked by accumulated erythrocytes. The combined increase of intravasal erythrocyte aggregations and protein cylinders accompanied by @entity631 and @entity9818 in kidneys of older SHRSP predicts the final stages of SHRSPs' @entity75 marked by microbleeds and @entity1188 . CONCLUSION: Our results illustrate a close association between structural brain and kidney pathology and support the concept of small vessel disease to be an age-dependent systemic pathology. Further, an improved joined nephrologic and neurologic diagnostic may help to identify @entity1 with @entity6249 at an early stage.

title: Kidney pathology precedes and predicts the pathological cascade of @entity75 in XXXX prone @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity9818 :: ('MESH:D057049', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic renal microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6249 :: ('MESH:D059345', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral small vessel disease', 'CSVD']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['tubulointerstitial damage']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic infarcts']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Consistent delivery of medication to treat @entity565 and @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) is critical for disease control. Dose tracking may eliminate the possibility of sub-therapeutic dosing. This study evaluated the overall performance, including accuracy and ruggedness, of the @entity10438 / @entity6410 (MF/F) @entity4185 ( @entity4185 ) with an integrated numerical dose-counting mechanism in adolescent and adult subjects (aged >=  12 y) with persistent @entity565 or @entity1030 . METHODS: In a phase III, open-label, single-arm, multicenter study, subjects demonstrating at least 90% compliance with MF/F during the screening period received twice daily MF/F @entity4185 100/10  g with the integrated dose counter for 4 weeks. Accuracy and ruggedness of the dose counter were assessed by the overall discrepancy rate of subject-recorded actuations versus subject-recorded dose counter readings. Discrepancy rates for Counterstrip   , a manual counting method, were evaluated for reference. Compliance and ergonomic safety were also assessed. RESULTS: The 233 subjects who used >=  90% of labeled actuations were included in the primary analysis. Of 26,317 total actuations, 33 dose counter discrepancies occurred (rate = 0.13/100 actuations), of which 13 were due to undercounting. In comparison, the Counterstrip discrepancy rate was 10-fold higher (1.34/100 actuations). Compliance with medication use, Counterstrip use, and e-diary recordings were all high (>98%). No new repetitive strain injuries or exacerbations of preexisting ergonomic injuries of the finger, hand, or arm were reported. CONCLUSIONS: The MF/F @entity4185 dose counter was accurate and rugged in subjects with @entity565 or @entity1030 . No new repetitive strain injuries or exacerbations of existing ergonomic injuries were associated with inhaler use. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier = NCT00604500.

title: Dose counter performance of XXXX / @entity6410 inhalers in subjects with @entity565 or @entity1030 .

entities_list: @entity4185 :: ('MESH:D058545', 'Disease') :: ['MDI', 'metered-dose inhaler']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity6410 :: ('MESH:C012629', 'Chemical') :: ['formoterol']

entities_list: @entity10438 :: ('MESH:C053915', 'Chemical') :: ['mometasone furoate']

answer: @entity10438 :: (MESH:C053915,Chemical) :: ['mometasone furoate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Maternal high-fat diet (HFD) and @entity28 increases the risk of the offspring to develop inflammatory processes in various organs including the gut. We hypothesized that maternal diet-induced @entity28 programs the fetal gut towards @entity32 in a @entity19 model of genetically-driven @entity30 ( @entity30 )-like @entity13570 . METHODS: @entity637 (WT/WT) and @entity637 (  ARE/WT) dams were fed an experimental control diet (CTRLD; 13 kJ% fat) or HFD (48 kJ%). Offspring @entity19 were fed CTRLD or HFD at 4 weeks of age. Metabolic characteristics and severity of @entity30 -like @entity13570 was assessed in 8- and 12-week old WT and ARE offspring measuring tissue histopathology and markers of @entity32 in the distal ileum as well as plasma cytokine and LPS levels. To study prenatal effects, we laser microdissected fetal intestinal epithelial cells at 17.5 days postconception and performed microarray-based global gene expression analysis. RESULTS: Maternal HFD significantly accelerated the severity of @entity30 -like @entity13570 in HFD-fed ARE @entity19 at early life stages associated with increased mucosal neutrophil infiltration, @entity12782 expression, and portal vein LPS levels. In contrast to WT @entity19 , metabolic characteristics of ARE offspring were not affected by maternal HFD. Gene expression patterns in fetal intestinal epithelial cells of ARE @entity19 remained largely unchanged under conditions of maternal diet-induced @entity28 suggesting that the positive association of intestinal @entity32 , portal vein @entity5694 , and plasma @entity637 levels is independent of prenatal conditioning of the gut epithelium. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal HFD promotes the early onset of severe @entity30 -like @entity13570 in genetically susceptible offspring independent of metabolic alterations.

title: Maternal High-fat Diet Accelerates Development of XXXX in @entity637  ARE/WT Offspring.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's Disease-like Ileitis']


abstract: Indigenous DNA adducts (I-compounds) are considered to be a biomarker of aging tissues. Thus far, few studies have been conducted to investigate the accumulation patterns of I-compounds in the brain during aging. Particularly, identities of age-dependent I-compounds have largely remained unknown. In the current study, we have determined the amounts of I-compounds in the brains of male Fischer 344 @entity35 at ages 1, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months using a 32P-postlabeling technique. The results indicate that I-compounds increase in the @entity35 brain age dependently from 6 to 24 months of age. Total I-adduct levels (central and upper cutouts) increase 3.5-fold from 6 to 24 months. Contrary to the results of other investigators, brains of 1-month-old @entity35 contain the highest level of I-compounds, which may be due to the @entity2495 status during the @entity1 period. In an effort to characterize I-compounds, different deoxynucleosides were coincubated with @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ). The results show that only @entity16614 ( @entity24849 )- @entity1865 adducts overlap with I-compounds of the @entity35 brain DNA adducts map. A total of five @entity24849 - @entity1865 adducts have been identified as responsible for I-compounds in brain tissues. It is known that brain tissue contains high levels of lipids that are susceptible to @entity26 free radicals and that @entity1865 is the most abundant and genotoxic product of lipid peroxidation. The present study provides supporting evidence that lipid peroxidation and its product ( @entity1865 ) may play an important role in endogenous brain DNA modification, which may partly contribute to cerebral aging and age-related @entity75 . The accumulation of I-compounds with aging may serve as an index of indirect oxidative damage to DNA as evidenced by the presence of @entity1865 -DNA adducts.

title: Age-dependent increase of indigenous DNA adducts in XXXX brain is associated with a lipid peroxidation product.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disorders of the brain']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2495 :: ('MESH:C565498', 'Disease') :: ['hypermetabolic']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity16614 :: ('MESH:D003849', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyguanosine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 25-year-old, female eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus) presented for @entity1353 3 weeks after anesthesia and surgery for egg yolk coelomitis. Radiography, computed tomography, and tracheoscopy revealed multiple tracheal strictures spanning a length of 2.6 cm in the mid to distal @entity825 . Histopathologic examination revealed mild @entity82 , @entity32 , and @entity1373 consistent with acquired tracheal strictures. Tracheal resection was not considered possible because of the length of the affected @entity825 . The strictures were resected endoscopically, and repeated @entity384 under fluoroscopic guidance over the course of 10 months resulted in immediate but unsustained improvement. Computed tomography was used to measure the stenotic area. A 4 * 36-mm, custom-made, @entity5648 wire stent was inserted into the @entity825 under fluoroscopic guidance. After stent placement, intermittent episodes of mild to moderate @entity1353 continued, and these responded to nebulization with a combination of saline, @entity898 , and @entity619 . Multiple attempts to wean the @entity1 off nebulization therapy and to switch to a corticosteroid-free combination were unsuccessful. The parrot eventually developed @entity532 , was euthanatized, and necropsy was performed. Histologically, the tracheal mucosa had widespread erosion to @entity1066 , with accumulation of intraluminal exudate and bacteria, severe @entity121 and tracheal rings, prominent @entity82 , and mild to moderate, @entity32 . Clinicopathologic findings in this case suggested @entity825 , which has not been previously described in birds. Custom-made tracheal stents can be used for severe @entity6184 in birds when tracheal resection and @entity254 is not possible. Complications of tracheal stent placement in birds may include @entity6062 and @entity825 . To our knowledge, this is the first report of tracheal stent placement in an avian species.

title: Use of a XXXX Wire Stent for Management of Severe @entity6184 in an Eclectus Parrot (Eclectus roratus).

entities_list: @entity825 :: ('MESH:D055090', 'Disease') :: ['tracheomalacia', 'trachea']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'submucosal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6062 :: ('MESH:D014136', 'Disease') :: ['tracheitis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complications']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity6184 :: ('MESH:D014135', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration of skeletal muscle']

answer: @entity5648 :: (MESH:C013616,Chemical) :: ['Nitinol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few studies have recently showed functional and morphological changes of the thyroid gland in relation to @entity28 . To our knowledge, no data are available about the prevalence of thyroid nodules in @entity28 @entity1 . The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of thyroid nodules in morbidly @entity28 @entity1 . METHODS: One hundred eight consecutive @entity28 @entity1 were selected from those referred to our medical and surgery outpatients providing that following criteria were satisfied: (1) affected by @entity5845 (body mass index (BMI) >40  kg/m(2)); (2) no previous diagnosis of @entity1374 ; (3) biochemically proven euthyroid state at the time of recruitment. Ninety-seven control subjects, constituted by normo-weight and/or slightly overweight (BMI    <=   30  kg/m(2)) @entity1 , should satisfy the above criteria 2 and 3. All the subjects were submitted to ultrasound investigation. RESULTS: The two groups of @entity1 displayed no differences for age and fT4 levels. @entity28 @entity1 clearly showed a lower prevalence of thyroid nodules [odds ratio 0.294, 95% confidence interval 0.206-0.382]. A single nodule was found in 23% of @entity28 @entity1 as compared to 65% of control subjects (p   <   0.0001). No difference for age (year) was found between @entity28 and @entity28 subjects with nodules (40.5        8.2 vs. 44.2        8.9, respectively, p   =   0.07). CONCLUSIONS: Our data clearly show a significantly lower prevalence of thyroid nodules in morbidly @entity28 @entity1 . Further studies are needed to confirm and to understand this first observation.

title: @entity5845 in XXXX is associated to a lower prevalence of thyroid nodules.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5845 :: ('MESH:D009767', 'Disease') :: ['morbid obesity']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['female obese', 'Obese', 'non-obese', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We report treatment outcomes for a large non-endemic cohort of @entity1 with @entity189 treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and chemotherapy. METHODS: We identified 177 consecutive @entity1 with newly diagnosed, non-metastatic @entity5 treated with definitive IMRT between 1998 and 2011. Endpoints included local, regional, distant control, and overall survival. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 52months. The 3-/5-year actuarial rates of local control, regional control, distant control, and overall survival were 92%/83%, 93%/91%, 86%/83%, and 87%/74%, respectively. The median time to local recurrence was 30months; the annual hazard of local recurrence did not diminish until the 6th year of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, we observed excellent rates of disease control and survival consistent with initially reported results from our institution. Attaining locoregional control in @entity1 with extensive @entity5 remains a significant clinical challenge. With mature follow-up we observed that more than half of observed local relapses occurred after 2years, a pattern distinct from that of @entity189 arising from other head and neck sites. These findings raise the possibility that @entity1 with @entity11408 may benefit from close follow-up during post-treatment years 3-5.

title: Long-term patterns of relapse and survival following definitive intensity-modulated radiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors', 'nasopharyngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'carcinomas']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['non-endemic nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine whether @entity5 shrinkage (ETS) at 6  weeks after treatment correlates with progression-free survival (PFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in advanced @entity1125 ( @entity1125 ) @entity1 receiving @entity136 plus @entity901 (GEMOX), with or without @entity3866 . METHODS: This was a multicenter, open label, randomized, phase III trial of 103 @entity1125 @entity1 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier; NCT01149122, and Rigistration date; January, 7, 2010), comparing GEMOX with GEMOX plus @entity3866 . @entity5 shrinkage was expressed as a relative decrease compared to baseline and was dichotomized according to a previously reported cutoff value of 10  %. RESULTS: Fifty-four @entity1 (52.4  %) received GEMOX and 49 @entity1 (47.6  %) received GEMOX plus @entity3866 . The latter achieved a better overall response rate (RR) (40.8  % vs. 18.6  %, p   =   0.02) and showed ETS more frequently (63.2  % vs. 40.7  %, p   =   0.03). ETS was significantly correlated with the overall RR (correlation coefficient, 0.53; p   <   0.01). The median PFS and @entity1349 did not differ according to @entity3866 administration. However, the median PFS (7.3 vs. 2.1  months, p   <   0.01) and @entity1349 (10.7 vs. 5.8  months, p   <   0.01) were significantly longer amongst @entity1 with ETS at 6  weeks after treatment, irrespective of @entity3866 administration. In @entity1 with wild-type @entity984 who were treated with GEMOX plus @entity3866 , ETS was a significant prognostic factor for PFS (p   <   0.01). CONCLUSIONS: ETS might predict PFS and @entity1349 in @entity1125 @entity1 treated with GEMOX with or without @entity3866 . Additionally, ETS may be an indication for adding @entity3866 to chemotherapy for @entity1125 @entity1 wild-type @entity984 . These findings need to be prospectively validated.

title: @entity5 shrinkage at 6  weeks predicts favorable clinical outcomes in a phase III study of @entity136 and @entity901 with or without XXXX for advanced @entity1125 .

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumor', 'early tumor']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1125 :: ('MESH:D001661', 'Disease') :: ['biliary tract cancer', 'BTC']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity3866 :: (MESH:C400278,Chemical) :: ['erlotinib']


abstract: Atrial natriuretic peptides (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptides ( @entity3876 ) are powerful neurohormonal indicators of @entity1002 and prognosis in @entity712 ( @entity712 ). @entity1526 ( @entity1526 ) caused by the protozoan @entity1527 remains a major cause of @entity712 in Latin America. We assessed whether the plasma concentration of the third natriuretic peptide, @entity21695 ( @entity21695 ), also has diagnostic and prognostic properties in @entity1 with @entity1526 or other @entity384 ( @entity384 ). Blood samples were obtained from 66 @entity1 with @entity1526 , 50 @entity1 with @entity384 from other causes, and 30 gender- and age-matched healthy subjects. @entity1 were subdivided according to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) class. The @entity21695 concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay (Immundiagnostik, Bensheim, Germany). The main duration of follow-up was 31.4 months (range 13 to 54 months); 19 @entity1 had died and 11 @entity1 received a heart transplant. @entity21695 concentrations were only significantly altered in @entity1 with @entity384 or @entity1526 of the NYHA classes III and IV (P < 0.05). The Pearson correlation of echocardiographic data with @entity21695 revealed an association only with the left-ventricular end systolic volume (P = 0.03) in @entity1 with @entity384 . Furthermore, @entity21695 did not predict mortality or the necessity for heart transplant. Our data are the first to demonstrate the raised levels of the third natriuretic peptide @entity21695 in @entity1526 and other @entity384 . Whereas ANP and @entity3876 have a high predictive value for mortality in both diseases, @entity21695 is without any predictive potency.

title: Does the @entity21695 have prognostic value in @entity1526 and other XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity21695 :: ('4880', 'Gene') :: ['CNP', 'C-type natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity1527 :: ('5693', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['DCM', 'dilated cardiomyopathies']

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'Chagas disease']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left-ventricular function']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['dilated cardiomyopathies']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The mechanism of the nearly universal decreased muscle strength in @entity82 is not known. We evaluated if @entity3263 in @entity82 causes @entity409 independent of reduced skeletal muscle mass. Blood @entity3265 concentrations and grip strength normalized to lean body mass were measured in the @entity254 ( @entity254 ) and sham operated, pair fed control @entity35 (n=5 each) . Ex-vivo studies of soleus muscle contractility from a separate group of @entity35 (n=7) were removed and placed in a muscle bath of Kreb's solution with or without the addition of 10mM @entity6190 . Skeletal muscle force of contraction, rate of force development and rate of relaxation were measured. In addition, the muscles were also subject to a series of pulse trains at a range of stimulation frequencies from 20 to 110Hz. @entity254 @entity35 had a 52.7  13% lower normalized grip strength compared to control @entity35 and grip strength was strongly correlated (r(2) =0.81) with the blood @entity3265 concentrations. In ex vivo muscle preparations, following a single pulse the maximal force, rate of force development and rate of relaxation were 12.1  3.5g vs. 6.2  2.1g; 398.2  100.4g/s vs. 163.8  97.4g/s; -101.2  22.2g/s versus -33.6  22.3g/s in @entity3265 treated compared with control muscle preparation respectively (p<0.001 for all comparisons). In addition, tetanic force, rate of force development and rate of relaxation continued to be @entity308 across a range of stimulation from 20-110 Hz. These data provide the first direct evidence that @entity3263 impairs skeletal muscle strength and @entity2057 and identifies a potential therapeutic target to improve clinical outcomes.

title: XXXX Results in Reduced Muscle Function Independent of Muscle Mass.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['PCA', 'portacaval anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['contractile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity6190 :: ('MESH:C018824', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium acetate']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['increased muscle fatigue']

entities_list: @entity3263 :: ('MESH:D022124', 'Disease') :: ['hyperammonemia']

answer: @entity3263 :: (MESH:D022124,Disease) :: ['Hyperammonemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate changes in the concentrations of @entity7309 ( @entity7309 ) and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) in @entity7462 of @entity1 with @entity2297 ( @entity2297 ) before and after an intravitreal injection of ranibizumab (IVR) and to determine the underlying correlation between the levels. METHODS: The prospective interventional comparative study involved 20 eyes of 20 @entity1 with surgery-required advanced @entity2297 and 20 control subjects from January 2013 to November 2013. The @entity2297 eyes received the IVR treatment before @entity726 surgery. @entity7462 was collected at the time of the IVR injection (pre- IVR) and at the time of antiglaucomatous surgery (post-IVR). @entity7462 was also collected at the time of @entity231 surgery in normal control. @entity7462 and plasma @entity7 and @entity7309 levels were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods, respectively. RESULTS: The mean @entity7462 @entity7309 and @entity7 concentrations in the pre-IVR eyes were significantly higher than in those of the control subjects (p<0.001), whereas the plasma levels showed no significant difference. There was a statistically significant correlation between the @entity7462 @entity7309 and the @entity7 concentration (r = 0.612, p = 0.003). The mean @entity7462 @entity7309 in the post-IVR eyes dramatically decreased from 1078.36    755.83 to 177.64    151.73 pg/mL (p<0.001). The @entity7 level showed a similar trend from 3697.64    2104.47 pg/mL to 183.54    130.35 pg/mL (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity7462 concentrations of @entity7 and @entity7309 were significantly elevated in the eyes with @entity2297 , and there was a positive correlation between the levels. After an IVR treatment, @entity7 and @entity7309 were significantly decreased in @entity2297 eyes.

title: Placenta Growth Factor in Eyes with XXXX Is Decreased after Intravitreal Ranibizumab Injection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7309 :: ('5228', 'Gene') :: ['placental growth factor', 'PlGF']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor-A', 'VEGF-A']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity7462 :: ('MESH:C562390', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous humor', 'Aqueous humor']

entities_list: @entity2297 :: ('MESH:D015355', 'Disease') :: ['NVG', 'neovascular glaucoma']

answer: @entity2297 :: (MESH:D015355,Disease) :: ['Neovascular Glaucoma']


abstract: Based on our recent work with @entity6898 , ubiquitin-like (Ubl) proteins (SAMP1 and SAMP2) are known to be covalently attached to proteins in archaea. Here, we investigated the enzymes required for the formation of these Ubl-protein conjugates (SAMPylation) and whether this system is linked to @entity599 transfer. Markerless in-frame deletions were generated in @entity6898 target genes. The mutants were examined for: (i) the formation of Ubl protein conjugates, (ii) growth under various conditions, including those requiring the synthesis of the @entity599 -containing @entity5334 cofactor ( @entity70095 ), and (iii) the thiolation of tRNA. With this approach we found that UbaA of the E1/MoeB/ThiF superfamily was required for the formation of both SAMP1- and SAMP2-protein conjugates. In addition, UbaA, SAMP1, and MoaE (a homolog of the large subunit of molybdopterin synthase) were essential for @entity70095 -dependent @entity3733 reductase activity, suggesting that these proteins function in @entity70095 -biosynthesis. UbaA and SAMP2 were also crucial for optimal growth at high temperature and the thiolation of tRNA. Based on these results, we propose a working model for archaea in which the E1-like UbaA can activate multiple Ubl SAMPs for protein conjugation as well as for @entity599 transfer. In @entity599 transfer, SAMP1 and SAMP2 appear specific for @entity70095 biosynthesis and the thiolation of tRNA, respectively. Overall, this study provides a fundamental insight into the diverse cellular functions of the Ubl system.

title: E1- and ubiquitin-like proteins provide a direct link between protein conjugation and XXXX transfer in archaea.

entities_list: @entity6898 :: ('2246', 'Species') :: ['H. volcanii', 'Haloferax volcanii']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulfoxide']

entities_list: @entity5334 :: ('MESH:D008982', 'Chemical') :: ['molybdenum']

answer: @entity599 :: (MESH:D013455,Chemical) :: ['sulfur']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1611 ( @entity1611 ) is an angiogenic factor critically involved in @entity5 progression. @entity859 @entity23925 receptor plays a pivotal role in promoting @entity5 growth. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the pro-angiogenic effects of @entity23925 and to determine whether @entity23925 blockade could enhance the effectiveness of anti- @entity1611 treatment. @entity19 treated with @entity24980 , a selective @entity23925 receptor agonist, showed enhanced @entity5 @entity1611 expression and vessel density. This effect was associated with accelerated @entity5 growth, which could be reversed with anti- @entity1611 treatment. Bay60-6583 increased the accumulation of @entity5 @entity3804 +Gr1+ cells. Depletion of MDSCs in @entity19 significantly reduced @entity23925 -induced @entity1611 production. However, @entity23925 receptor stimulation did not directly regulate @entity1611 expression in @entity5 myeloid cells. Mechanistically, Bay60-6583-treated @entity320 tissues showed increased @entity10433 activation. Inhibition of @entity10433 significantly decreased the pro- @entity5 activity of Bay60-6583 and reduced @entity5 @entity1611 expression.Pharmacological blockade of @entity23925 receptor with @entity40046 significantly reduced @entity5 growth by inhibiting @entity5 angiogenesis and @entity5 microenvironment. These effects are, at least in part, dependent on @entity5 accumulation of Gr1+ cells upon @entity23925 receptor blockade. @entity40046 increased the effectiveness of anti- @entity1611 treatment.

title: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells contribute to @entity23925 XXXX receptor-induced @entity1611 production and angiogenesis in a @entity19 @entity320 model.

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'isolated tumor', 'increasing T cells numbers within the tumor', 'impaired tumor']

entities_list: @entity1611 :: ('22339(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF', 'VEGF-A']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['adenosine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The effect of exercise on cytokines may improve muscle strength. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is a muscle-preserving therapy that benefits @entity1 unable to participate in active exercise. How NMES alters cytokines is unclear. The aim of this study was to study the effects of 1 NMES session on cytokines associated with protein metabolism during exercise. METHODS: We evaluated the effects of NMES on @entity1192 , @entity650 , @entity688 and @entity310 levels in peripheral blood. @entity1 received NMES to bilateral lower extremity muscles (quadriceps, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius) for 30  min. Blood samples immediately pre- and post-NMES were drawn at 15-min intervals to 2-h follow-up, and the mean values of pre-NMES levels were compared to peak and trough post-NMES levels. For cytokines with significant changes, we conducted a repeated-measures linear regression analysis. We also measured post-NMES lactate and @entity908 kinase levels. RESULTS: We enrolled nine eligible @entity1 . There was a significant increase in peak @entity650 from the mean pre-NMES value [0  65 (0  89) to 1  04 (0  89) pg  ml(-1) , P  =  0  001] and a significant decrease in trough @entity1192 [0  08 (0  07) to 0  02 (0  02) pg  ml(-1) , P  =  0  041] and @entity310 [2  42 (0  54) to 2  16 (0  59) pg  ml(-1) , P  =  0  021]. In repeated-measures regression analysis, we identified significantly higher mean @entity650 values throughout the full 120  min post-NMES period, and a significantly higher mean @entity1192 value at 30  min post-NMES. There were no significant differences in peak @entity688 , trough @entity650 , @entity880 , or @entity908 kinase values. CONCLUSIONS: In nine healthy @entity1 , 30  min of NMES was temporally associated with changes in cytokines similar to the effects of active exercise and may mediate NMES' observed effects on reducing @entity425 .

title: Effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on cytokines in peripheral blood for healthy XXXX : a prospective, single-blinded Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'humans', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['participants']


abstract: @entity2381 is responsible for a high mortality rate, despite the use of antifungal drugs. Adjuvant therapies are urgently needed to improve the outcome. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that the cytoprotective effect of @entity14190 ( @entity14190 ) combined with @entity2379 can reduce the mortality rate in a @entity19 model of @entity2381 . After infection with @entity54 , @entity1398 @entity19 were randomized to receive vehicle or 7.5   mg/kg liposomal @entity2379 ( @entity19095 ) or 7.5   mg/kg @entity19095 combined with 1000   IU/kg @entity14190 (16 @entity19 per group). @entity54 galactomannan and organ cultures were performed to evaluate fungal burden at day 5. Cumulative long-term survival was analyzed at day 12 post-infection according to the Kaplan-Meier method. At day 5, fungal burden was similar between non-treated and treated groups. At day 12, mortality rates were 75, 62.5, and 31% in control group, @entity19095 group, and @entity14190 / @entity19095 group, respectively. We observed a significant decrease in mortality using @entity14190 / @entity19095 combination compared to control group (p   <   0.01). @entity19095 single treatment did not improve the survival rate compared to control group (p   =   0.155). Our results provide the first evidence that @entity14190 improved the outcome of @entity19 presenting with @entity2381 when combined with @entity2379 .

title: @entity14190 Combined with Liposomal @entity2379 Improves Outcome during @entity2381 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['disseminated aspergillosis', 'Disseminated aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus', 'Aspergillus']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: 25 @entity1 with a @entity2914 diagnosed in the first 24 hours of life were referred to the Clinique de Chirurgie P  diatrique de Nancy. The total survival rate was 68%. @entity1 were divided into two chronologic groups. From 1979 to 1981. Of this group of 11 @entity1 , five died: two, one week after the operation and three immediately after. From 1982 to 1984. Of those 14 @entity1 treated, three died: two before the intervention and one three months after. Three factors explain these results: Antenatal diagnosis. It was made in 8 @entity1 . Only one died before the operation (a 620 g polymalformated premature baby). All were in the second group. High frequency ventilation. It was made in 4 @entity1 . All survived although one of them had a severe @entity358 . They were all in the second group. In 16 @entity1 , no @entity1143 was used. These three factors act in the same way: no persistent fetal circulation. The antenatal diagnosis helps to a better neonatal care and the chances of returning to the fetal circulation are reduced. The high frequency ventilation and the absence of chest cavity drainage lessen the over inflation and barotraumatism with @entity519 , @entity520 , @entity120 and reversion to fetal circulation.

title: [ XXXX . Antenatal diagnosis. thoracic drainage. High frequency ventilation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural cavity']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['congenital diaphragmatic hernia']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypoplasia']

answer: @entity2914 :: (MESH:D065630,Disease) :: ['Congenital diaphragmatic hernia']


abstract: In this chapter the use of @entity1486 (PSA) as a @entity5 marker for @entity263 is discussed. The chapter provides an overview of biological and clinical aspects of PSA. The main drawback of total PSA (tPSA) is its lack of specificity for @entity263 which leads to unnecessary biopsies. Moreover, PSA-testing poses a risk of overdiagnosis and subsequent overtreatment. Many PSA-based markers have been developed to improve the performance characteristics of tPSA. As well as different molecular subforms of tPSA, such as proPSA (pPSA) and free PSA (fPSA), and PSA derived kinetics as PSA-velocity (PSAV) and PSA-doubling time (PSADT). The prostate health index (phi), PSA-density (PSAD) and the contribution of non PSA-based markers such as the urinary transcripts of @entity21416 and TMPRSS-ERG fusion are also discussed. To enable further risk stratification @entity5 markers are often combined with clinical data (e.g. outcome of DRE) in so-called nomograms. Currently the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the detection and staging of @entity263 is being explored.

title: XXXX as a Tumor Marker in Prostate Cancer: Biochemical and Clinical Aspects.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['Prostate Specific Antigen']