abstract: Background. @entity9202 are not diseases requiring compulsory notifications; rather they cause cosmetic defacements. Indian subcontinent with a varied topography is favorable for various @entity364 . Objective. To look for the epidemiological and mycological profile of superficial @entity364 . Methods. Three hundred and fifty-one clinical samples of skin, hair, and nail were examined to find the fungal etiology of the dermatomycoses. Results. @entity9202 were seen in 215/351 (61.2%) of cases. Most common isolates obtained were nondermatophyte molds (NDMs) (36.1%), followed by dermatophytes (13.8%) and @entity375 (8.6%). @entity11150 (9%) was the most common mold. @entity12734 (4.6%) was the most common dermatophyte isolated, while amongst the @entity375 Non-albicans Candida (NAC) species were more common (6%). Many other NDMs like Syncephalastrum spp., Cunninghamella spp., Rhodotorula spp., A. terreus, Scytalidium spp. and Scopulariopsis spp. were also isolated. Conclusion. Our study reflects an increasing role of NDMs (thought to be normal laboratory or environmental contaminants) as a causative agent of dermatomycoses, replacing the dermatophytes. Clinician's awareness of the demographic profile of the population involved along with more studies on dermatomycoses can help in understanding the etiological profile in area, leading to prevention of disease occurrence and cosmetic disfigurement.

title: Mycological Pattern of XXXX in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

entities_list: @entity9202 :: ('MESH:D003881', 'Disease') :: ['Dermatomycoses']

entities_list: @entity11150 :: ('5061', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus niger']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['mycoses in North India', 'fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity12734 :: ('5551', 'Species') :: ['Trichophyton rubrum']

answer: @entity9202 :: (MESH:D003881,Disease) :: ['Dermatomycoses']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Performing root cause analyses (RCA) on transfers of @entity1957 ( @entity1957 ) @entity1 to acute hospitals can help identify opportunities for care process improvements and education that may help prevent unnecessary emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations, and hospital readmissions. OBJECTIVES: To describe the results of structured, retrospective RCAs performed by @entity1957 staff on hospital transfers to identify lessons learned for reducing these transfers. DESIGN: SNFs enrolled in a randomized, controlled implementation trial of the INTERACT (Interventions to Reduce Acute Care Transfers) quality improvement program submitted RCAs on hospital transfers during a 12-month implementation period. SETTING: SNFs from across the United States that volunteered and met the enrollment criteria for the implementation trial. @entity1 : Sixty-four of 88 SNFs randomized to the intervention group performed and submitted retrospective RCAs on hospital transfers. INTERVENTIONS: SNFs received education and technical assistance in INTERACT implementation. MEASURES: Data were summarized from the INTERACT Quality Improvement (QI) tool, a structured, retrospective RCA on hospital transfers. RESULTS: A total of 4856 QI tools were submitted during the 12-month implementation period. Most transfers were precipitated by multiple symptoms and signs, many of them nonspecific. @entity1 and/or family preference or insistence was noted to have played a role in 16% of the transfers. Hospital transfers were relatively equally distributed among days of the week, and 29% occurred on the night or evening shift. Approximately 1 in 5 transfers occurred within 6  days of @entity1957 admission from a hospital, and 1 in 10 occurred within 2  days of @entity1957 admission. After completing the RCA, @entity1957 staff identified 1044 (23%) of the transfers as potentially preventable. Common reasons for these ratings included recognition that the condition could have been detected earlier and/or could have been managed safely in the @entity1957 , and that earlier advance care planning and discussions with @entity1 and families about preferences for care may have prevented some transfers. CONCLUSION: Summarizing findings from RCAs of transfers of @entity1957 @entity1 to acute hospitals can provide important insights into areas of focus for care process improvements and related education that may help prevent unnecessary ED visits, hospital admissions, and readmissions.

title: Root Cause Analyses of Transfers of Skilled Nursing Facility XXXX to Acute Hospitals: Lessons Learned for Reducing Unnecessary Hospitalizations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['SNF', 'skilled nursing facility']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical characteristics of dissections of cerebral arteries in @entity1 . METHODS: Searches of MEDLINE (1966-2000) and bibliographies were systematically performed for English-language publications that described @entity1 <18 years old with @entity18213 ( @entity18213 ) or posterior circulation @entity4066 (PCAD). RESULTS: A total of 2,027 studies were reviewed; 118 @entity1 were identified in 79 studies. Seventy-four percent of @entity1 with @entity18213 (n = 73) and 87% with PCAD (n = 47) were male (p < 0.0001). When @entity1 with preceding @entity130 were excluded, this male predominance persisted. All @entity1 had evidence of @entity2806 at the time of diagnosis. @entity10 was reported in approximately half of @entity1 . Sixty percent of @entity18213 were intracranial. @entity18213 with no preceding @entity130 were more commonly intracranial than those preceded by significant @entity130 (86 vs 25%, p = 0.002). The most common location for PCAD was the vertebral artery at the level of the C1-C2 vertebral bodies (53%). Recurrent @entity63 events after the diagnosis of dissection were reported in 15% of PCAD and 5% of @entity18213 cases. None of the PCAD group and 10% of the @entity18213 group had recurrent dissections. CONCLUSIONS: There is a marked male predominance among @entity1 with cerebral @entity4066 that is not explained by @entity130 . Unlike adult @entity18213 , childhood @entity18213 are most commonly intracranial. Spontaneous @entity18213 , in particular, tend to be intracranial, while post-traumatic @entity18213 are more often extracranial. The vertebral artery segment most susceptible to dissection is similar between @entity1 and adults.

title: XXXX and stroke in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity18213 :: ('MESH:D020759', 'Disease') :: ['ACAD', 'anterior circulation arterial dissections']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['Headache']

entities_list: @entity4066 :: ('MESH:D020217', 'Disease') :: ['arterial dissections']

answer: @entity4066 :: (MESH:D020217,Disease) :: ['Arterial dissection']


abstract: PURPOSE: Intracranial germ cell @entity5 are rare, radiosensitive @entity5 seen most commonly in the second and third decades of life. Radiotherapy alone has been the primary treatment modality for @entity3438 , and is used with chemotherapy for @entity5 . Stereotactic radiotherapy techniques minimize the volume of surrounding normal tissue irradiated and, hence, the late radiation morbidity. This study reports our experience with stereotactic radiotherapy in this group of @entity5 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between December 1992 and December 1998, 18 @entity1 with @entity2971 were treated with stereotactic radiotherapy. A total of 23 histologically proven @entity5 were treated. Thirteen @entity1 had a histologic diagnosis of @entity3438 , and 5 @entity1 had @entity3438 with nongerminomatous elements. Of those @entity1 with a histologic diagnosis of @entity3438 , 5 had multiple midline @entity5 . The median age of the @entity1 was 12.9 years (range, 5.6-17.5 years). RESULTS: A boost using stereotactic radiotherapy was delivered to 19 @entity5 following whole-brain radiation in 8 cases and craniospinal radiation in 11 cases. Three @entity5 were treated with stereotactic radiotherapy to the @entity5 volume alone following chemotherapy, and 1 @entity5 received a boost using stereotactic radiosurgery following craniospinal radiation. A median dose of 2520 cGy (range, 1500-3600) cGy was given to the whole brain, and a median dose of 2160 (range, 2100-2600) cGy was given to the spinal field. The median boost dose to the @entity5 was 2600 (range, 2160-3600) cGy, given by stereotactic radiotherapy delivered to the 95% isodose line. At a median follow-up time of 40 (range, 12-73) months, no local or marginal recurrences were reported in @entity1 with @entity3438 . Two @entity1 with @entity5 have relapsed. One had elevation of @entity5 markers only at 37 months following treatment, and the other had persistent disease following chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Eight @entity1 documented @entity1640 ; in 7 (87.5%) of these @entity1 , the dysfunction was present before commencing radiotherapy. Four @entity1 (22%) developed newly diagnosed @entity2010 following surgery. Three @entity1 (17%) received antidepressant medication at follow-up. CONCLUSION: Our series shows that stereotactic radiotherapy is achievable and well tolerated in this group of @entity1 . Longer follow-up is required to fully assess the impact on long-term @entity137 . Psychologic assessment of mood and affect should be performed as part of routine follow-up in this group of adolescent @entity1 .

title: Stereotactic radiotherapy for pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary-hypothalamic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'nongerminomatous tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity3438 :: ('MESH:D018237', 'Disease') :: ['germinoma', 'germinomas']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity2971 :: (MESH:D009373,Disease) :: ['intracranial germ cell tumors']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Immunization with @entity683 vaccine remains an important global health strategy to prevent outbreaks and epidemics of seasonal @entity683 . Influenza vaccine has rarely been associated with @entity1333 , @entity810 ( @entity810 ) and @entity1985 ( @entity1985 ). @entity8 following @entity683 vaccination have also been rarely reported. We report a @entity1 who developed acute-onset massive @entity644 with @entity1985 and severe @entity810 soon after receiving the 2009 H1N1 @entity683 vaccine. Kidney biopsy showed @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and @entity1986 ( @entity1986 ). Optimal management of @entity8 or @entity1986 following @entity683 vaccination is not known. Our @entity1 responded well to an initial course of oral @entity228 therapy with normalization of serum @entity1011 level but had a relapse of @entity1985 with @entity810 soon after completion of @entity228 therapy. A repeat kidney biopsy revealed @entity8 and resolved @entity1986 . A subsequent prolonged course of oral @entity288 resulted in complete clinical remission of the @entity1985 as well as normalization of renal function. Long-term response to @entity228 therapy in such cases is not known. However, our @entity1 continued to remain in clinical remission with normal renal function, five years after the initial treatment.

title: XXXX and severe @entity810 following @entity683 vaccination.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Glomerular diseases', 'membranous nephropathy', 'MN', 'glomerular diseases']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['AIN', 'acute interstitial nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['NS', 'nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Membranous nephropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with hyperplastic @entity47396 ( @entity47396 ) may be at risk for @entity4457 due to obstructions of the @entity227 . We describe the long-term visual and anatomic outcomes of a surgical technique for their removal. METHODS: The medical records of consecutive @entity1 <3 years of age who underwent surgical removal of PPMs between December 1998 and May 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Each @entity47396 was judged to be visually significant based on poor visual acuity, poor retinoscopic reflex, or inability to visualize the fundus. The surgical technique included injection of a viscoelastic agent beneath the pupillary strands to bow them anteriorly, careful peeling of residual adherent strands from the anterior lens capsule, and lysis of the strands at the pupillary margin with intraocular scissors. Pre- and postoperative visual and anatomic results were recorded. RESULTS: This case series included 10 eyes of 6 @entity1 : PPMs were bilateral in 4 @entity1 and unilateral in 2. The @entity1 age at time of surgery ranged from 2.5 months to 2.5 years (mean, 14 months). Mean postoperative follow-up was 5.3 years (range, 2.5-8 years). All @entity1 had successful clearance of the @entity227 . No @entity3816 occurred. CONCLUSIONS: All @entity1 in this series had excellent visual and structural outcomes, with no significant complications. The technique described here may be considered for @entity1 with visually significant PPMs to improve visual function and pupil appearance.

title: Clinical characteristics and surgical approach to visually significant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual axis and good visual acuity', 'visual axis']

entities_list: @entity47396 :: ('MESH:C562700', 'Disease') :: ['persistent pupillary membranes', 'PPM']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['deprivation amblyopia']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative complications']

answer: @entity47396 :: (MESH:C562700,Disease) :: ['persistent pupillary membranes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6 is a complex, limb-threatening disease process with major lifestyle-altering repercussions for @entity1 . When @entity746 leads to @entity85 , @entity1066 , and potential @entity281 despite conservative therapies, foot and ankle surgeons often consider reconstructive limb salvage procedures to restore function. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of @entity6 Charcot reconstruction using combined internal and external fixation. A total of 22 @entity1 were reviewed; 16 (72.73%) midfoot and 6 (27.27%) tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis procedures were consecutively performed from March 2009 to May 2013. All surgical procedures were performed in nonacute phases of the Charcot process in @entity1 with diagnosed @entity6 and @entity1897 . @entity1 were excluded from the study if they were not @entity6 despite having undergone Charcot reconstruction, regardless of the fixation method, or if they did not complete radiographic imaging. During a mean follow-up period of 58.60      42.37 (range 16 to 164) weeks, limb salvage was achieved in 20 @entity1 (90.91%), and 2 (9.09%) required below-the-knee amputation at a mean of 42      14.14  weeks. Wound dehiscence occurred in 8 (36.36%), pin tract @entity281 in 10 (45.45%), and superficial wound @entity281 in 9 (40.91%) and peaked in bimodal fashion at 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively. Radiographic analysis of the pre- versus postoperative alignment showed statistically significant changes in the lateral talo-first metatarsal angle (p  =  .02) and lateral talar declination angle (p  =  .01). The limb salvage rates with @entity6 Charcot reconstruction are improving in part because of the continued development of increasingly superior modalities for both internal and external fixation.

title: Combined Internal and External Fixation for XXXX Charcot Reconstruction: A Retrospective Case Series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic Charcot neuroarthropathy', 'diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['documented peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['Charcot neuroarthropathy']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['unstable deformity']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetic']


abstract: @entity522 ( @entity4669 ) is processed by upstream caspases to @entity9287 and @entity9289 subunits, which heterodimerize. Concomitant with formation of the active heterotetramer, @entity9289 is autoprocessed to @entity14848 . Treatment of HL-60 cells with @entity16628 , a selective inhibitor of the proteasome, exponentially increased @entity522 -like hydrolytic activity and induced apoptosis but had little or no effect on the activity of upstream @entity8186 , @entity8187 , or @entity10807 . @entity16628 treatment decreased the @entity4669 zymogen and evoked the accumulation of the @entity14848 and @entity9287 subunits. Treatment of transfected @entity1 retinoblast 911 cells with a proteasome inhibitor evoked the accumulation of epitope-tagged @entity9287 , @entity14848 , and @entity9289 but had no effect on @entity4669 zymogen. This result suggests that @entity522 subunits, in contrast to the zymogen, are unstable because of degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Ubiquitin conjugates of @entity9287 and @entity14848 accumulated in cells that were cotransfected with @entity9287 and a caspase inactive mutant of @entity14848 . Substitution of @entity369 for all eight lysines of @entity9287 almost abolished its ubiquitination. Any single @entity376 or @entity376 pair was sufficient for @entity9287 ubiquitination. @entity16628 treatment of HL-60 cells induced proteolytic processing of the @entity9846 ( @entity9846 ) and decreased full-length @entity9846 , which is known to have ubiquitin-protein ligase activity for active @entity522 . These findings indicate that @entity522 subunits can be degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system and suggest that @entity16628 induces apoptosis in part by disabling the ubiquitin-protein ligase function of @entity9846 and by stabilizing active @entity522 subunits.

title: Preservation of XXXX subunits from degradation contributes to apoptosis evoked by @entity16628 : any single @entity376 or @entity376 pair of the small subunit is sufficient for ubiquitination.

entities_list: @entity9846 :: ('331', 'Gene') :: ['XIAP', 'X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity16628 :: ('MESH:C067713', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactacystin', 'lactacystin']

answer: @entity522 :: (836,Gene) :: ['caspase-3']


abstract: PURPOSE: Clinical phase III trials have shown the benefit of adding @entity221 to radiotherapy and chemotherapy for @entity135 ( @entity498 ). The HYPERcollar, a functional prototype capable of applying @entity221 to the entire @entity498 region was developed. Specific absorption rate-based @entity221 treatment planning (HTP) is used to optimise HYPERcollar treatments. Hence, besides treatment quality, reproduction and reproducibility of the HTP are also pivotal. In the current work we analysed the impact of key parameters on treatment quality and completely redesigned the mechanical layout of the HYPERcollar for improved treatment quality and @entity1 comfort. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The requirements regarding @entity1 position and the water bolus shape were quantified by simulation studies. The complete mechanical redesign was based on these requirements and non-modellable improvements were experimentally validated. RESULTS: From simulation studies we imposed the required positioning accuracy to be within   5   mm. Simulation studies also showed that the water bolus shape has an important impact on treatment quality. Solutions to meet the requirements were 1) a redesign of the applicator, 2) a redesign of the water bolus, and 3) a renewed positioning strategy. Experiments were used to demonstrate whether the solutions meet the requirements. CONCLUSIONS: The HYPERcollar redesign improves water bolus shape, stability and skin contact. The renewed positioning strategy allows for positioning of the @entity1 within the required precision of   5   mm. By clinically introducing the new design, we aim at improving not only treatment quality and reproducibility, but also @entity1 comfort and @entity12168 , which are all important for a better @entity221 treatment quality.

title: Quality and comfort in XXXX : A redesign according to clinical experience and simulation studies.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity12168 :: ('MESH:C562385', 'Disease') :: ['operator handling']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck hyperthermia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The differences in gait abnormalities from the earliest to the later stages of @entity303 and in the different subtypes of @entity303 have not been fully examined. This study aims to compare spatiotemporal gait parameters in cognitively healthy individuals, @entity1 with @entity73 ( @entity73 ) and non- @entity73 , and @entity1 with mild and moderate stages of @entity195 ( @entity195 ) and non- @entity195 (non- @entity195 ). METHODS: Based on a cross-sectional design, 1719 @entity1 (77.4    7.3 years, 53.9% female) were recruited from cohorts from seven countries participating in the Gait, Cognition and Decline (GOOD) initiative. Mean values and coefficients of variation of spatiotemporal gait parameters were measured during normal pace walking with the GAITRite system at all sites. RESULTS: Performance of spatiotemporal gait parameters declined in parallel with the stage of @entity73 from @entity73 status to moderate @entity303 . Gait parameters of @entity1 with non- @entity73 were more disturbed compared to @entity1 with @entity73 , and @entity73 subgroups performed better than demented @entity1 . @entity1 with non- @entity195 had worse gait performance than those with @entity195 . This degradation of gait parameters was similar between mean values and coefficients of variation of spatiotemporal gait parameters in the earliest stages of @entity73 , but different in the most advanced stages, especially in the non- @entity195 subtypes. CONCLUSIONS: Spatiotemporal gait parameters were more disturbed in the advanced stages of @entity303 , and more affected in the non- @entity195 @entity303 than in @entity195 . These findings suggest that quantitative gait parameters could be used as a surrogate marker for improving the diagnosis of @entity303 .

title: Gait phenotype from @entity73 to moderate XXXX : results from the GOOD initiative.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementias', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline', 'MCI', 'amnestic mild cognitive impairment', 'amnestic MCI']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'AD dementia', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the Antihypertensive Treatment and Lipid Profile in a North of Sweden Efficacy Evaluation study was to compare the long-term effect of the commonly used inexpensive medication with a low-dose diuretic ( @entity918 ), alone or in combination with a beta-adrenoceptor ( @entity2165 ), with that of more modern but also more expensive antihypertensive treatment with an angiotensin-II-receptor blocker ( @entity1564 ), alone or in combination with a @entity460 antagonist ( @entity10202 ), and to do so in newly diagnosed @entity1 with primary @entity101 . The objectives included comparisons of the effects on the @entity413 metabolism, lipoprotein metabolism, electrolytes, blood pressure, and subjective symptoms. DESIGN: A 1-year, prospective randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. SUBJECTS: In an investigator-initiated study, we included 392 @entity1 (mean age 55 years, 48% @entity1 ); 370 @entity1 (94%) had never been treated with antihypertensive drugs before the study. No @entity1 was lost to follow-up. RESULTS: Both treatment regimens lowered blood pressure well (23/13 mmHg in the @entity918 group and 21/13 mmHg in the @entity1564 group), with a majority of @entity1 needing two drugs. Fasting levels of both serum insulin and plasma @entity413 increased in the @entity918 group in contrast to unaffected levels in the @entity1564 group. @entity6 was diagnosed in nine @entity1 during follow-up, in eight @entity1 in the @entity918 group (4.1%) and in one @entity1 (0.5%) in the @entity1564 group (P = 0.030). Triglycerides increased and high-density lipoprotein- @entity165 decreased more in the @entity918 group than in the @entity1564 group. Both the low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein and the apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I ratios increased in the @entity918 group. At 12 months, 18 @entity1 in the @entity918 group versus five in the @entity1564 group had a ' @entity209 ', as defined by the World Health Organization (P = 0.007) despite 1 year of active blood pressure-lowering therapy. There were less (P = 0.020) adverse events in the @entity1564 group, but no major differences in the subjective symptoms assessment profile. One subject in each group had a @entity583 . CONCLUSION: Antihypertensive treatment with a diuretic, if needed combined with a beta-adrenoceptor blocker, was associated with an aggravated metabolic profile; this was not so for @entity1 treated with an angiotensin-II-receptor blocker, if needed combined with a @entity460 antagonist. An antihypertensive treatment strategy that costs more in the short run but has no metabolic adverse effects may have a health economic impact in the long term.

title: Metabolic outcome during 1 year in newly detected XXXX : results of the Antihypertensive Treatment and Lipid Profile in a North of Sweden Efficacy Evaluation (ALPINE study).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity10202 :: ('MESH:D015736', 'Chemical') :: ['felodipine']

entities_list: @entity1564 :: ('MESH:C081643', 'Chemical') :: ['candesartan']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensives']


abstract: The short-term (three months) effects of @entity23189 on @entity262 @entity101 induced @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ) and left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions in comparison with those of @entity4687 and @entity594 -slow release (SR) formulation were studied. The short-term effects of @entity23189 on biochemical parameters and lipid profiles were evaluated. Sixty @entity1 (39 @entity1 , 21 @entity1 ) with a mean age of 59 +/- 14 years and with mild to moderate @entity262 arterial @entity101 were enrolled in three groups. The first group received 1 mg/day of @entity23189 , the second group 4 mg/day of @entity4687 , and the third group 20 mg/day of @entity594 SR. All drugs induced a similar @entity551 (BP) values. @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) and @entity1002 index decreased equally in all groups associated with a significant increase in the E/A ratio. The ratio between the reduction in @entity1002 and decrease in mean arterial pressure ( @entity1002 /mmHg) was higher in groups 1 and 2. Negative correlations between @entity1002 and LVMI. E/A, and the dv/dt ratio were obtained. @entity23189 did not change the blood chemistry and lipid profile values. Despite its neutral effect on lipid profile and biochemical parameters. @entity23189 is as effective as @entity4687 and @entity594 in controlling @entity101 and decreasing @entity4346 .

title: Short-term effects of @entity23189 on XXXX and systolic and diastolic function in @entity1 with essential @entity101 : comparison with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and a calcium antagonist.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity23189 :: ('MESH:C032302', 'Chemical') :: ['Rilmenidine', 'rilmenidine']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy', 'LVH']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular mass', 'LVM']

entities_list: @entity4687 :: ('MESH:D020913', 'Chemical') :: ['perindopril']

answer: @entity4346 :: (MESH:D017379,Disease) :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']


abstract: The clinical course of 19 @entity1 with @entity788 , as diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) and clinical criteria, was assessed retrospectively and compared to that of eight @entity1 with @entity788 diagnosed either at surgery or with percutaneous @entity1173 . Controls consisted of 55 @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity656 without CT scans and 11 @entity1 with @entity656 in whom CT scans were negative or only consistent with @entity656 (no @entity2688 ). The age, sex, and presumed etiology of the @entity788 were not significantly different in the four groups. @entity1 with @entity2688 had a higher incidence of severe @entity788 as defined by Ranson's criteria, presence of an abdominal mass, as well as a longer duration of @entity221 , @entity490 and @entity491 than controls without CT scans. With the exception of a palpable abdominal mass and @entity221 lasting over five days, the results were similar when comparing the @entity2688 group and controls with CT scans, although the severity of the disease and prolonged @entity490 tended to be increased in the former @entity1 . There was no statistically significant difference in clinical or laboratory criteria between the @entity2688 and abscess groups, although the latter group had longer hospital stays and periods with no oral intake (npo). Management of @entity1 with @entity2688 tended to include TPN, longer npo periods, antibiotics, and longer hospital stay than in controls without CT scans. Controls with CT scans were managed similarly to the @entity2688 group because of prolonged amylase elevation and @entity490 . Percutaneous @entity1173 was successful in differentiating abscess from @entity2688 in five of six cases. Major complications were rare in the @entity2688 group and spontaneous resolution was the rule. @entity788 is a distinct clinical/radiologic entity which may be very difficult to differentiate clinically from @entity788 . Early percutaneous thin-needle @entity1173 of the inflammatory mass (under CT guidance) seems to be the diagnostic procedure of choice. Management is nonsurgical unless complications arise. The role of TPN and antibiotics is unknown, and controlled studies of these therapeutic approaches in @entity788 are needed.

title: XXXX . Clinical features and course.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic phlegmon', 'pancreatitis', 'Pancreatic phlegmon', 'pancreatic abscess']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic phlegmon']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Opioid @entity1337 can be explored with quantitative sensory testing, but most investigations have used models of @entity158 , and such brief stimuli may be limited in the ability to faithfully simulate natural and clinical @entity158 experiences. Therefore, identification of appropriate experimental @entity158 models is critical for our understanding of opioid effects with the potential to improve treatment. OBJECTIVES: The aim was to explore and compare @entity158 models to @entity1286 @entity1337 in healthy volunteers. METHODS: The study was a double-blind, randomized, two-way crossover study. Thirty-nine healthy @entity1 were included and received @entity1286 30 mg (2 mg/mL) as oral solution or placebo. To cover both tonic and phasic stimulations, a comprehensive multi-modal, multi-tissue @entity158 -testing program was performed. RESULTS: Tonic experimental @entity158 models were sensitive to @entity1286 @entity1337 compared to placebo: muscle pressure (F=4.87, P=0.03), bone pressure (F=3.98, P=0.05), rectal pressure (F=4.25, P=0.04), and the cold pressor test (F=25.3, P<0.001). Compared to placebo, @entity1286 increased tolerance to muscle stimulation by 14.07%; bone stimulation by 9.72%; rectal mechanical stimulation by 20.40%, and @entity158 reported during the cold pressor test by 9.14%. In contrast, the more phasic experimental @entity158 models were not sensitive to @entity1286 @entity1337 : skin heat, rectal electrical stimulation, or rectal heat stimulation (all P>0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity158 models with deep tonic stimulation including @entity7183 activation and and/or @entity158 modulation were more sensitive to @entity1286 @entity1337 . To avoid false negative results in future studies, we recommend inclusion of reproducible @entity158 models in deep tissues, mimicking clinical @entity158 to a higher degree.

title: Sensitivity of quantitative sensory models to @entity1286 @entity1337 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'phasic pain', 'tonic pain', 'pain', 'reduced pain', 'various pain', 'painful', 'endogenous pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: Mechanical unloading leads to @entity604 and @entity2537 partly due to impaired osteoblastogenesis of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon are not fully understood. In this study, we demonstrated that cyclic mechanical stretch (CMS) promotes osteoblastogenesis of BMSCs both in vivo and in vitro. Besides, we found that Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway was activated in this process. Inhibition of which by either knockdown of @entity6832 ( @entity6832 ) or treating BMSCs with Hh inhibitors attenuated the osteogenic effect of CMS on BMSCs, suggesting that Hh signaling pathway acts as an endogenous mediator of mechanical stimuli on BMSCs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that @entity6832 expression level was regulated by DNA methylation mechanism. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay showed that @entity15701 ( @entity15701 ) binds to @entity6832 gene promoter, leading to DNA hypermethylation in mechanical unloading BMSCs. However, mechanical stimulation down-regulates the protein level of @entity15701 , results in DNA demethylation and @entity6832 expression. More importantly, we found that inhibition of @entity15701 partly rescued @entity604 in HU @entity19 by mechanical unloading. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that mechanical stimulation regulates osteoblastic genes expression via direct regulation of @entity15701 , and the therapeutic inhibition of @entity15701 may be an efficient strategy for enhancing bone formation under mechanical unloading.

title: Mechanical stimulation promote the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells through epigenetic regulation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity2537 :: ('MESH:D020966', 'Disease') :: ['disuse osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity15701 :: ('13436(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['DNA methyltransferase 3b', 'Dnmt3b']

answer: @entity6832 :: (20423(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Sonic Hedgehog']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relative effect of @entity1229 versus non- @entity2067 oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in @entity715 and @entity548 outcomes in subgroups of @entity955 ( @entity955 ) @entity1 with varying degrees of @entity8 . METHODS: Systemic review and meta-regression analyses on NOACs versus @entity1229 , supplemented with indirect comparisons were conducted. The eligibility criteria for inclusion were randomised controlled trials comparing NOACs against @entity1229 for @entity64 prevention in @entity955 @entity1 . Outcomes of interest were @entity64 or @entity887 ( @entity887 ) and major @entity548 . RESULTS: Five studies comprising 72,845 @entity955 @entity1 randomised to either a NOAC or @entity1229 were included in the meta-regression analysis. A shift in strata from no @entity8 to @entity8 resulted in a non-significant impact on @entity548 and @entity64 / @entity887 , indicating similar safety and efficacy, despite renal function status. Apixaban was associated with less major @entity548 compared to @entity3926 and @entity3925 but not @entity14242 in @entity1 with moderate @entity8 . For efficacy outcomes, only @entity3926 150  mg was statistically significantly favoured compared to @entity14242 30  mg. For efficacy outcomes in mild @entity8 , both @entity3926 150  mg and @entity3925 10  mg (J-ROCKET) were statistically significantly favoured against @entity14242 30  mg. CONCLUSION: Non- @entity2067 oral anticoagulants had similar efficacy and safety compared to @entity1229 across different levels of renal function. Indirect comparisons suggest that @entity5424 and @entity14242 were associated with a better safety profile in @entity1 with moderate @entity8 . However, caution is warranted when interpreting indirect comparisons of drugs investigated in different trials. Prescribers should fit the most appropriate NOAC to the @entity955 @entity1 characteristics (and vice versa) to individualise effective @entity64 prevention.

title: Renal function and non- @entity2067 oral anticoagulants in comparison with @entity1229 on safety and efficacy outcomes in XXXX @entity1 : a systemic review and meta-regression analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity3926 :: ('MESH:C554682', 'Chemical') :: ['dabigatran']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['SE', 'systemic embolism']

entities_list: @entity3925 :: ('MESH:C503223', 'Chemical') :: ['rivaroxaban']

entities_list: @entity5424 :: ('MESH:C522181', 'Chemical') :: ['apixaban']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: This study investigated the mechanism of direct and indirect actions of @entity10245 ( @entity10245 ) on osteoclast differentiation using two @entity19 cell culture systems. In the coculture system of osteoblasts and bone marrow cells, @entity10245 stimulated osteoclast formation. This effect was decreased markedly by @entity16323 ( @entity16323 ) or @entity8228 , a selective cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitor. @entity10245 (> or = 10(-9) M) stimulated receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand/osteoclast differentiation factor ( @entity5271 / @entity5271 ) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression from 2 h to 7 days in cultured osteoblasts. @entity8228 did not affect the early induction but decreased the later one, indicating that the later effect is mediated by COX-2 induction in osteoblasts. To study the direct action of @entity10245 on osteoclast precursors, we used @entity19 macrophage-like cell line C7 cells that can differentiate into osteoclasts in the presence of soluble @entity5271 / @entity5271 ( @entity5271 ) and @entity9827 ( @entity9827 ). Although osteoblasts expressed all FGF receptors ( @entity10824 to -4), only @entity10824 was detected in C7 cells at various differentiation stages. @entity10245 alone or in combination with sRANKL/ @entity5271 did not induce osteoclastogenesis from C7 cells; however, @entity10245 from lower concentrations (> or = 10(-11) M) significantly decreased osteoclast formation induced by @entity9827 in the presence of sRANKL/ @entity5271 . @entity10245 did not alter mRNA levels of @entity9827 receptor (Fms) or RANK in C7 cells. Immunoprecipitation/ immunoblotting analyses revealed that @entity669 phosphorylation of several cellular proteins including Fms in C7 cells induced by @entity9827 was inhibited by @entity10245 in the presence of @entity5271 . We conclude that @entity10245 regulates osteoclast differentiation through two different mechanisms: (1) an indirect stimulatory action via osteoblasts to induce @entity5271 / @entity5271 partly through COX-2 induction and @entity3009 production and (2) a direct inhibitory action on osteoclast precursors by counteracting @entity9827 signaling.

title: Regulation of osteoclast differentiation by @entity10245 : stimulation of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand/osteoclast differentiation factor expression in osteoblasts and inhibition of XXXX function in osteoclast precursors.

entities_list: @entity9827 :: ('12977(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['M-CSF', 'macrophage colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity9827 :: (12977(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['macrophage colony-stimulating factor']


abstract: @entity513 in situ of the breast (DCIS) is surrounded by a layer of myoepithelial cells. Our previous studies have suggested that these myoepithelial cells exert paracrine @entity5 -suppressive effects on invasion of @entity0 cells. @entity558 ( @entity558 ), concentrated 10-100x of @entity37007 -1, @entity37007 -3, and @entity37007 -4, @entity1 myoepithelial cell lines, block Matrigel invasion of a series of @entity189 cell lines. Immunoprecipitation of @entity24208 , a recently described serpin, from these @entity558 abolishes this anti-invasive effect. Both @entity558 and @entity24208 -immunoprecipitated @entity558 , however, exert equal antiproliferative effects on a series of ER+ and ER- cell lines including MCF-7, T47D, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-468. These antiproliferative effects are characterized by induction of a G2/M arrest, a twofold increase in @entity994 ( @entity994 / @entity994 ) transcription and expression, and a threefold increase in apoptosis in the @entity0 lines examined. The antiproliferative effects mediated by myoepithelial cell @entity558 do not manifest themselves in an autocrine manner, are not mediated by @entity2533 , nor involve ER- or @entity876 -dependent pathways. Neither the antiproliferative nor the anti-invasive effects of myoepithelial cell @entity558 is observed with nonmyoepithelial cell @entity558 . The in vitro observations of our present study may have relevance in explaining the increased degree of apoptosis exhibited by DCIS cells in vivo. Our findings illustrate another way myoepithelial cells function as natural paracrine @entity5 suppressors.

title: The @entity1 myoepithelial cell exerts antiproliferative effects on XXXX cells characterized by p21WAF1/ @entity994 induction, G2/M arrest, and apoptosis.

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'Conditioned medium']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['Ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate morphological parameters of optic disc and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) examined with confocal laser tomography ( @entity12447 ) and laser polarimetry (GDx-VCC) in a normal population, and analyze correlations of these parameters with demographic variables. @entity1 AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study in the context of a @entity726 screening campaign in the primary care center of Barcelona. The individuals selected were non-hypertensive Mediterranean Caucasians with risk for @entity726 development (individuals>= 60 years old or>= 40 years old with family history of @entity726 or intraocular pressure or @entity1714 >3diopter). All subjects underwent a complete ophthalmic examination, confocal laser tomography ( @entity12447 ) and scanning laser polarimetry (GDX-VCC), subjects with results within normal limits only being included. Structural parameters were analyzed along with age, refraction, and pachymetry based on the Spearman rank correlation test. RESULTS: A total of 224 subjects included, with a mean age of 63.4  11.1 years. Disc areas, excavation and ring area were 2.14  0.52mm(2), 0.44  0.34mm (2) and 1.69  0.38mm(2), respectively. The mean RNFL (GDX) was 55.9  6.9 m. Age was correlated with lower ring volume, highest rate of cup shape measure, largest mean and maximum cup depth, lower nerve fiber index (NFI) and RNFL (all p-values below .05). CONCLUSION: The mean values and distribution of several parameters of the papilla and the RNFL in normal Mediterranean Caucasians population are presented. A loss of thickness of the RNFL, ring thinning, and enlarged cup was observed with increased age.

title: Morphological characteristics of the optic nerve evaluated by confocal laser tomography ( XXXX ) and laser polarimetry (GDx-VCC) in a normal population from the city of Barcelona.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity12447 :: (26508,Gene) :: ['HRT3']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) have a lower health related quality of life (HRQOL) compared to both healthy controls and the normal population. The aim of this study was to compare HRQOL between two groups of veteran and non-veteran @entity1566 @entity1 . METHODS: All male paraplegic non-veterans who had sustained complete @entity1566 before 1988 and were residents of Tehran province (Iran), and a similar group of @entity1566 veterans who consecutively participated in a health screening program were enrolled in this study. @entity1 fewer than 35 and older than 65 years of age were not included in this study. The @entity1 were interviewed based on the Persian version of SF-36 questionnaire by two psychologists. Eight sub-scales and two physical and mental component summaries of the instrument were assessed. We used chi-square, odds ratio, Mann-Whitney U, independent t-test and linear regression for analysis. RESULTS: Overall, 25 veterans and 22 non-veterans were enrolled in the study. The mean age, time since injury and the presence of comorbid illnesses were not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05). A greater number of veterans were married (p= 0.003) and employed (p= 0.047). On average, veterans had more years of formal education than non-veterans (p= 0.001). The mean (SD) @entity158 sub-scale was 72.73(31.253) for non-veterans and 49.7 (28.287) for veterans (p=0.011). Absence of comorbid illnesses was associated with a better physical component summary (p< 0.001). Employment was associated with a better mental component summary (p= 0.022). CONCLUSION: We did not find any differences in HRQOL between the two groups except for the @entity158 sub-scale. Further studies with larger sample sizes are recommended.

title: Comparison of health related quality of life between two groups of veteran and non-veteran spinal cord injured XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bodily pain']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the distribution of @entity3841 serotypes and DGGE subtypes among isolates from Thai @entity7278 @entity1 . DESIGN: Forty-four adult Thai @entity2521 @entity1 were assessed by a full mouth recording for CAL, @entity4035 , and @entity19537 . Seventy-nine strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans were isolated from deep pockets on selective TSBV agar and 17 strains were isolated from shallow pockets. The strains were serotyped using PCR and subtyped using DGGE. RESULTS: The prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans was 84.1%. Non-serotypeable A. actinomycetemcomitans strains occurred equally frequent as serotypeable (54.5%); serotype a 18.2%, serotype c 15.9%, serotype e 9.1%, and serotype f 11.4%. Serotype b and d were not detected. A @entity39300 like strain but serotyped @entity2031 was isolated from two @entity1 , and another two strains showed an 886bp insertion on the ltx promoter of their A. actinomycetemcomitans isolates. DGGE typing disclosed 16 different subtypes among the non-serotypeable strains. Two of them ( @entity8768 and @entity3535 ) were more common (12.7 and 10.1%) among the strains than the other 14 subtypes (  5.1%). Most @entity1 showed only one subtype (32.4%) but 29.7% had 2 and 3 different subtypes while 8.1% revealed 4 subtypes in one and the same deep pocket. CONCLUSION: This study showed a greater subtype diversity of A. actinomycetemcomitans predominated by non-serotypeable strains than previously reported in an adult Thai population. It was also revealed for the first time that isolates with a 530bp deletion or 886bp insertion of the ltx promoter were serotyped as serotype c.

title: XXXX serotypes and DGGE subtypes in Thai adults with @entity7278 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity3841 :: ('714', 'Species') :: ['Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans']

answer: @entity3841 :: (714,Species) :: ['Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans']


abstract: Thirteen cases of @entity263 with endometrioid features were reviewed. The @entity1 were older @entity1 (49-81 years) presenting with symptoms of @entity811 and @entity1876 . Each of the @entity5 displayed exophytic growth into the prostatic urethra, with involvement of the verumontanum. The urethral orifices of the large (primary) prostatic ducts were uniformly involved, and coexistent invasive (acinar) @entity420 was identified in 10 cases (77%). The @entity5 exhibited a complex glandular pattern strikingly similar to uterine @entity1204 , with prominent papillary formation in six cases. All cases demonstrated intense cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for prostatic acid phosphatase and @entity1486 in at least part of the @entity5 . Focal staining for carcinoembryonic antigen was seen in three cases. Five @entity5 examined ultrastructurally demonstrated typical features of @entity263 . Follow-up information was available on all 13 @entity1 (6-83 months). Seven @entity1 died of @entity3 (9-70 months after diagnosis), and the other six @entity1 exhibited recurrent local or @entity3 . The sites of @entity3 were identical to those seen with invasive "acinar" @entity263 , including pelvic lymph nodes, bones, and lungs. Crude 5-year survival was 15%, with a mean survival of 37 months. Adjuvant therapy provided palliative relief for many @entity1 , but did not appear to influence survival. These findings indicate that @entity4348 is a histologically distinct variant of @entity263 , with a more aggressive clinical behavior than previously thought.

title: XXXX with endometrioid features. Clinical, pathologic, and ultrastructural findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['urinary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid carcinoma']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostatic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: The reported incidence of patellar problems after total knee replacement has ranged from 5 to 30 per cent. @entity8043 is infrequent but can cause disabling symptoms. Between January 1974 and May 1982, eleven @entity1 (twelve knees) with symptomatic @entity12351 after total knee replacement were treated at The Hospital for Special Surgery by realignment of the extensor mechanism. All of the @entity1 were @entity1 . Their average age was sixty-two years and average weight, eighty-seven kilograms. The diagnosis was @entity571 in seven knees and @entity309 in five. Most of the @entity1 had had preoperative @entity85 (average, 18 degrees). The cause of dislocation was @entity130 in three knees, incorrect tracking of the patella after replacement in six, and malrotation of the tibial component in three. Four different prosthetic designs had been used. The design of the implant did not appear to be a factor causing dislocation in this group. The @entity8043 was treated by proximal realignment of the quadriceps in ten knees, lateral retinacular release alone in one, and revision of the tibial and femoral components combined with proximal realignment in one. After an average follow-up of thirty-four months (range, twenty-four to fifty-seven months), the results according to The Hospital for Special Surgery knee-rating scale were excellent in ten knees and good in two, and there had been no redislocations.

title: XXXX following total knee replacement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity12351 :: ('MESH:C538081', 'Disease') :: ['lateral dislocation of the patella']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['valgus deformity']

entities_list: @entity8043 :: ('MESH:D031222', 'Disease') :: ['Patellar dislocation', 'patellar dislocation']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity8043 :: (MESH:D031222,Disease) :: ['Patellar dislocation']


abstract: The bioactivity of matrix metalloproteinases was studied in tissues from @entity14 @entity1 by means of both quantitative gelatin zymography and a fluorometric activity assay. Next to paired samples of @entity5 tissue and distant normal mucosa (n=73), transitional tissue was analysed from a limited (n=33) number of @entity1 . Broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase activity and both the active and latent forms of the gelatinases @entity5379 were higher in @entity5 than in normal mucosa. The ratio's between active and latent forms of @entity5379 were highest in @entity5 tissue and normal mucosa, respectively. @entity1476 levels, both active and latent forms, correlated inversely with stage of @entity5 without synchronous distant metastases containing significantly (P=0.005) more active @entity1476 than the others. At much lower levels of activity, the same trend was observed in distant normal mucosa. The level of latent form of @entity1495 in @entity5 depended on @entity5 location. Neither the active form of @entity1495 nor broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase activity in @entity5 tissue did correlate with any of the clinicopathological parameters investigated. The results demonstrate explicit differences between the activity of @entity5379 , indicating different roles for both gelatinases in @entity5 progression. Such data are necessary in order to develop rational anti- @entity5 therapies based on inhibition of specific matrix metalloproteinases.

title: Tissue levels of active XXXX in @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5379 :: ('4313;4318', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9']

entities_list: @entity1476 :: ('4313', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-2', 'Matrix metalloproteinase-2']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['disease, the tumours', 'cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-9']

answer: @entity5379 :: (4313;4318,Gene) :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9']


abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying co-contraction in @entity1 with @entity3519 (n = 6) and @entity3520 (n = 5). Multi-unit needle and surface EMGs were recorded from extensor carpi radialis (ECR) and flexor carpi radialis (FCR) muscles during motor tasks that elicited @entity3519 or @entity3520 . The EMGs from ECR and FCR were recorded simultaneously and analysed using cross-correlation analysis. Similar recordings were obtained from healthy age- and sex-matched control subjects (n = 8). Despite co-contraction of the muscles, cross-correlograms from the healthy subjects did not reveal evidence of motor unit synchronization. Cross-correlograms from the dystonic subjects revealed a central peak with a median duration of 37 ms, indicating broad-peak motor unit synchronization. Cross-correlograms from @entity1 with @entity3520 were either flat or modulated by a 11-12-Hz @entity400 . Frequency-domain analysis of ECR and FCR EMGs demonstrated significant coherence in the @entity1 with @entity3519 and @entity3520 . These results indicate that co-contraction in @entity3519 is neurophysiologically distinct from voluntary co-contraction and is produced by abnormal synchronization of presynaptic inputs to antagonist motor neuron pools. ECR and FCR co-contraction in @entity3520 may be a compensatory process under voluntary control.

title: Abnormal motor unit synchronization of antagonist muscles underlies pathological co-contraction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ["writer's cramp"]

answer: @entity3519 :: (MESH:D004421,Disease) :: ['upper limb dystonia']


abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of disease-modifying drugs (DMARDs) in everyday clinical practice in Central European States (the Czech and Slovak republics). This was a retrospective, multicentre study. With the help of a special questionnaire, the medical files of 760 @entity1 in 15 centres were analysed looking for reasons for DMARD discontinuation (e.g. insufficient efficacy, @entity137 ). The secondary endpoints were duration of therapy with individual DMARDs and the influence of other factors (demographic, disease specific, concomitant therapy) on duration of therapy. In 47.1 % of @entity1 therapy was interrupted because of lack of efficacy, in 43.2 % because of adverse events, and in 9 % for undefined reasons. Toxic reactions leading to withdrawal were most common with gold (62.6 %) and @entity1499 (62.5 %). Because of insufficient effect, treatment was most frequently interrupted with antimalarials (62.3 %) and @entity2361 (53.2 %), but in only 22% treated with @entity1499 . The mean duration of one treatment episode with DMARDs was 28.1 +/- 48.9 months. Surprisingly, it was longest for @entity786 (53.5 + 55.1 months) and shortest for @entity205 (7.0 +/- 6.7 months). The mean duration of treatment with @entity1499 was only 14.9; +/- 16.2 months. The mean duration of treatment with one DMARD was statistically longer in @entity1 with positive @entity309 and age lower than 50 years. There was no impact of sex, concomitant @entity134 treatment and high or low sedimentation rate on treatment duration. Considerable differences in everyday clinical practice with DMARDs between Central European states and published data from the US and western Europe have been found. More education about modern strategies in the treatment of @entity309 is probably necessary for practising rheumatologists.

title: Analysis of the reasons for DMARD therapy discontinuation in XXXX with @entity309 in the Czech and Slovak republics.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2361 :: ('MESH:D010396', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillamine']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid factor, extra-articular disease', 'RA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity67 ( @entity67 ) increases morbidity and mortality. The RECOVER RIGHT study evaluated the safety and efficacy of a novel percutaneous right ventricular assist device, the Impella @entity6391 (Abiomed, Danvers, MA), in a prospective, multicenter trial. METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with @entity67 refractory to medical treatment received the Impella @entity6391 device at 15 United States institutions. The study population included 2 cohorts: 18 @entity1 with @entity67 after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation (Cohort A) and 12 @entity1 with @entity67 after cardiotomy or @entity583 (Cohort B). The primary end point was survival to 30 days or hospital discharge (whichever was longer). Major secondary end points included indices of safety and efficacy. RESULTS: The @entity1 (77% male) were a mean age of 59    15 years, 53% had @entity6 , 88.5% had a history of @entity712 , and 37.5% had @entity8 . @entity1 were on an average of 3.2 inotropes/pressors. Device delivery was achieved in all but 1 @entity1 . Hemodynamics improved immediately after @entity6391 support, with an increase in cardiac index from 1.8    0.2 to 3.3    0.23 liters/min/m(2) (p < 0.001) and a decrease in central venous pressure from 19.2    4 to 12.6    1 mm Hg (p < 0.001). @entity1 were supported for an average of 3.0    1.5 days (range, 0.5-7.8 days). The overall survival at 30 days was 73.3%. All @entity1 discharged were alive at 180 days. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with life-threatening @entity67 , the novel percutaneous Impella @entity6391 device was safe, easy to deploy, and reliably resulted in immediate hemodynamic benefit. These data support its probable benefit in this gravely ill @entity1 population.

title: Benefits of a novel percutaneous ventricular assist device for XXXX : The prospective RECOVER RIGHT study of the Impella @entity6391 device.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['RP', 'initiation of Impella RP']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['Right ventricular failure', 'RVF']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['right heart failure']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1313 lacks effective delivery system for treatment. Focused ultrasound (FUS) can reversibly open BBB without impacts on normal tissues. As a potential drug carrier, cationic liposomes (CLs) have the ability to passively accumulate in @entity5 tissues for their positive charge. In this study, FUS introduced @entity632 -loaded cationic liposomes ( @entity3105 -CLs) were applied to improve the efficiency of @entity11 -targeted delivery. @entity632 -loaded CLs ( @entity3105 -CLs) and quantum dot-loaded cationic liposomes (QD-CLs) were prepared using extrusion technology, and their characterizations were evaluated. With the advantage of QDs in tracing images, the @entity11 -targeted accumulation of FUS  +  CLs was evaluated by fluorescence imaging and flow cytometer. Cell survival rate, @entity5 volume, animal survival time, and brain histology in @entity36 model were investigated to evaluate the @entity11 -targeted delivery of FUS  +  @entity3105 -CLs. @entity3105 -CLs and QD-CLs had suitable nanoscale sizes and high entrapment efficiency. The combined strategy of FUS introduced CLs significantly increased the @entity11 -targeted accumulation for load drugs. FUS  +  @entity3105 -CLs showed the strongest inhibition on @entity11 based on @entity11 cell in vitro and @entity11 model in vivo experiments. From MRI and histological analysis, FUS  +  @entity3105 -CLs group strongly suppressed the @entity11 progression and extended the animal survival time to 81.2  days. Among all the @entity3105 treatment groups, FUS  +  @entity3105 -CLs group showed the best cell viability and highest level of @entity5 apoptosis and @entity39 . Combining the advantages of BBB reversible opening by FUS and @entity11 -targeted binding by CLs, ultrasound introduced cationic liposomes could achieve @entity11 -targeted delivery, which might be developed as a potential strategy for future @entity1313 therapy.

title: XXXX -targeted delivery and therapy by focused ultrasound introduced @entity632 -loaded cationic liposomes.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin', 'Doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'Brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['Brain tumor']


abstract: The influence of elevated concentration of lipids in blood on the concentration of drugs in organism was observed in 1976. The following experiments have revealed that pharmacokinetics of lipophilic drugs in @entity407 is altered. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the effect of hypolipemic treatment on the @entity1169 pharmacokinetics, to take into account phenotype of hydroxylation and type of primary @entity407 . The study was carried out on 37 @entity1 (34 @entity1 EM and 3 @entity1 PM) with @entity1007 , @entity2298 and mixed form of @entity407 . Duration of hypolipemic therapy was 30 days. Pharmacokinetic studies were carried out twice i.e. at the onset of the study and following a 30-day period of hypolipemic treatment. @entity1169 was given orally as a single dose 80 mg. Blood serum was sampled during administration. HPLC method was used to determine blood serum concentration of @entity1169 . The one-compartment model was applied for calculation of pharmacokinetic parameters. The obtained results have disclosed that hypolipemic therapy altered pharmacokinetic parameters of @entity1169 . Intensity and course of these changes depend on the type of @entity407 . The most pronounced changes were observed in @entity1 EM with @entity2298 . Lowering of @entity1169 concentration in blood, elevated penetration into tissues and accelerated elimination were revealed (Fig. 3, 4). Similar changes, but lesser intensity were observed in @entity1 with mixed form of @entity407 (Fig 5, 6). Alteration of pharmacokinetic parameters of @entity1169 in @entity753 @entity1 were slight and contrasting the @entity1 with @entity2298 and mixed form of @entity407 . The lowering of @entity165 concentration in blood has slight influence on normalization of @entity1169 kinetics (Fig 1, 2). In @entity1 with phenotype PM pharmacokinetic parameters of @entity1169 were changed, under used treatment too. Due to the limited number of @entity1 , conclusions should be carefully drawn. The actual results have disclosed a decrease in lipids concentration, mainly @entity1674 , which causes changes in pharmacokinetics of @entity1169 in @entity1 with phenotype PM as well.

title: [The effect of hypolipemic treatment on the pharmacokinetics of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1169 :: (MESH:D011433,Chemical) :: ['propranolol']


abstract: AIM: To see if pre-partum factors have a relationship to the development of @entity169 in @entity1 . METHOD: A prospective study on @entity1 with @entity547 . On first contact, the affected @entity1 was examined and data like the age, sex, weight, blood group, the diagnosis, side of the lesion and other co-morbid conditions was recorded. The mother filled a questionnaire about her age, parity, illness during pregnancy, her mode of delivery and the @entity1 's position in the family. RESULTS: There were 104 @entity1 from 103 mothers, their ages ranged from 13 days to 14 years with the highest incidence in the 1-4 age group. The sex ratio was overwhelmingly male (M:F ratio was 38:1). Right sided @entity547 were predominant. Only 7% had a family history. The peak age group of the mothers was 26-32 years and about 33% of the mothers had some illness during pregnancy. The birth positions of the @entity1 showed that majority of them were either 1st or 2nd born @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 of ages 26-32 likelyto have @entity1 with @entity169 . Malaria during pregnancy is unlikely to have a role to play. 1st and 2nd born male @entity1 have a higher chance of having @entity169 .

title: Pregnancy, parturition, parity and position in the family. Any influence on the development of XXXX /hydrocele?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'Women', 'child']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['paediatric inguinal hernia']


abstract: @entity2675 is a relatively rare disease that represents about 1% of all male @entity5 . Its genetic basis has received little attention. @entity74 , reflected by change in @entity124 ( @entity17798 ) or loss of heterozygosity (LOH), is thought to play an important role in @entity105 . In this study we have examined DNA extracted from paraffin tissue from 15 @entity1 treated for @entity2675 , for evidence of such abnormalities, at 20 different loci across the genome. Polymerase chain reaction amplified products of normal and @entity5 DNA pairs were compared by electrophoresis on Spreadex gels. @entity17798 was detected in 5 @entity1 ; at a single site in 2 cases and at 3, 7 and 9 sites in another 3 cases. LOH was seen in 8 cases (53%); at more than one site in 4 of these. Two @entity1 had allelic variation at 56 and 62% of assessable sites. The most unstable loci were D2S441 (33%) and D13S325 (27%). These observations indicate that replication errors and allelic loss characterise @entity2675 tissue in much the same way as they do in @entity1 . More studies will be needed to establish whether these are random lesions or whether there are specifically affected sites that occur in both male and female @entity0 .

title: Loss of heterozygosity and microsatellite instability in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['microsatellite repeat number']

entities_list: @entity2675 :: ('MESH:D018567', 'Disease') :: ['Male breast cancer', 'male breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Allelic imbalance']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity2675 :: (MESH:D018567,Disease) :: ['male breast cancer']


abstract: Inner-ear decompression @entity2704 ( @entity389 ) may occur in isolation ('pure' inner- @entity2169 ), or as part of a multisystem @entity8939 presentation. Symptoms may develop during decompression from deep, mixed-gas dives or after surfacing from recreational air dives. Modelling of inner-ear inert gas kinetics suggests that onset during decompression results from supersaturation of the inner-ear tissue and in-situ bubble formation. This supersaturation may be augmented by inert gas counterdiffusion following @entity31750 to @entity1568 gas switches, but such switches are unlikely, of themselves, to precipitate inner- @entity2169 . Presentations after surfacing from air dives are frequently the 'pure' form of @entity389 with short symptom latency following dives to moderate depth, and the vestibular end organ appears more vulnerable than is the cochlea. A large right-to-left shunt (usually a persistent @entity4616 ) is found in a disproportionate number of cases, suggesting that shunted @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) cause injury to the inner-ear. However, this seems an incomplete explanation for the relationship between inner- @entity2169 and right-to-left shunt. The brain must concomitantly be exposed to larger numbers of @entity1211 , yet inner- @entity2169 frequently occurs in the absence of cerebral symptoms. This may be explained by slower inert gas washout in the inner ear than in the brain. Thus, there is a window after surfacing within which @entity1211 arriving in the inner-ear (but not the brain) would grow due to inward diffusion of supersaturated inert gas. A similar difference in gas kinetics may explain the different susceptibilities of cochlear and vestibular tissue within the inner-ear itself. The cochlea has greater perfusion and a smaller tissue volume, implying faster inert gas washout. It may be susceptible to injury by incoming arterial bubbles for a shorter time after surfacing than the vestibular organ.

title: Pathophysiology of @entity389 XXXX : potential role of the persistent @entity4616 .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity389 :: ('MESH:D007759', 'Disease') :: ['inner ear DCS']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous gas emboli', 'VGE']

entities_list: @entity4616 :: ('MESH:D054092', 'Disease') :: ['foramen ovale']

answer: @entity2704 :: (MESH:D008881,Disease) :: ['sickness']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity8 is a rare clinical entity that is difficult to diagnose. In the past it was treated with partial or complete nephrectomy. However, in the age of minimally invasive procedures endoscopy has enabled more accurate diagnosis and management. We reviewed our experience with transurethral ureterorenoscopy using a flexible ureteroscope to determine the feasibility and success of endoscopic treatment of @entity8 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the records of 15 @entity1 with a mean age of 37.5 years who presented with recurrent lateralized gross @entity811 and were diagnosed with @entity8 based on transurethral ureterorenoscopy using a flexible ureteroscope. Lesions were treated using a 2 or 3Fr electrocautery probe, or a 200 mu. laser fiber with holmium or @entity3278 :YAG energy. RESULTS: Followup was 2 to 96 months (mean 20.2). Of the 15 cases 14 were successfully managed by endoscopy. A single @entity1 initially treated with endoscopy in 1988 underwent partial nephrectomy shortly thereafter secondary to continued @entity548 . No @entity1 had any complication related to the procedure. All except 1 of the 12 @entity1 on whom followup data were available remain free of any @entity811 . CONCLUSIONS: When the source of unilateral @entity811 is unknown or in doubt, particularly in young @entity1 , the diagnosis of a @entity2695 should be considered. Transurethral ureterorenoscopy using a flexible ureteroscope is an excellent method of visualizing the offending lesion and safely treating it using an electrocautery probe or laser fiber.

title: Endoscopic management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3278 :: ('MESH:D009354', 'Chemical') :: ['neodymium']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal hemangioma', 'renal hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal hemangioma']


abstract: The specific effect of central rather than general @entity28 on @entity0 risk is not clear. This review examines the relationship between waist and waist-hip ratio (WHR) and risk of @entity0 in pre- and post-menopausal @entity1 using all available cohort and case-control data. The databases of the Cochrane Library, Medline, Cancer Lit and Embase were searched until October 2002. Relevant cohort and case-control studies with separate analyses in pre- and/or post-menopausal @entity1 were included. Random effects meta-analyses were carried out, subgrouped by pre- or post-menopausal status and cohort or case-control design. Sensitivity analyses were also performed. Five cohort studies with 72,1705 @entity1 years of observation (453 pre-menopausal and 2684 post-menopausal cases), and three case-control studies comprising 276 pre-menopausal cases with 758 pre-menopausal controls and 390 post-menopausal cases with 1071 post-menopausal controls were included. Pooled results from cohort studies using the most adjusted data [but without adjustment for weight or body mass index (BMI)] suggest a 39% lower risk of @entity0 in post-menopausal @entity1 with the smallest waist (compared with the largest) and a 24% lower risk in @entity1 with the smallest WHR. In pre-menopausal @entity1 , however, pooled results suggest that measurement of waist or WHR have little effect on risk of @entity0 . Adjustment for BMI abolished the relationship between waist or WHR and risk of post-menopausal @entity0 , but introduced such a relationship amongst pre-menopausal @entity1 . The relationship between a smaller measurement of waist or WHR and lower risk of post-menopausal @entity0 appears to result from the associated correlation with BMI. Amongst pre-menopausal @entity1 , central (not general) @entity28 may be specifically associated with an increased risk of @entity0 .

title: Central obesity and XXXX risk: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'person']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Established causes of @entity393 ( @entity393 ) include @entity1701 , @entity4547 , @entity2008 , particularly translocations, and abnormal embryonic karyotypes. The number of centers performing @entity74 ( @entity74 ) for @entity1 with translocations has steadily increased worldwide. The live birth rate with @entity74 was reported to be 27-54%. The live birth rate with natural conception was reported to be 37-63% on the first trial and 65-83% cumulatively. To date, however, there has been no cohort study comparing age and the number of previous miscarriages in matched @entity1 undergoing or not undergoing @entity74 . Thus, we compared the live birth rate of @entity1 with @entity393 associated with a translocation undergoing @entity74 with that of @entity1 who chose natural conception. METHODS AND FINDINGS: After genetic counseling, 52 @entity1 who desired natural conception and 37 @entity1 who chose @entity74 were matched for age and number of previous miscarriages and these comprised the subjects of our study. @entity74 was performed by means of fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. The live birth rates on the first @entity74 trial and the first natural pregnancy after ascertainment of the carrier status were 37.8% and 53.8%, respectively (odds ratio 0.52, 95% confidence interval 0.22-1.23). Cumulative live birth rates were 67.6% and 65.4%, respectively, in the groups undergoing and not undergoing @entity74 . The time required to become pregnancy was similar in both groups. @entity74 was found to reduce the miscarriage rate significantly. The prevalence of twin pregnancies was significantly higher in the @entity74 group. The cost of @entity74 was  7,956 U.S. per @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: While @entity74 significantly prevented further miscarriages, there was no difference in the live birth rate. Couples should be fully informed of the similarity in the live birth rate, the similarity in time to become pregnancy, the advantages of @entity74 , such as the reduction in the miscarriage rate, as well as its disadvantages, such as the higher cost, and the advantages of a natural pregnancy, such as the avoidance of IVF failure. The findings presented here should be incorporated into the genetic counseling of @entity1 with @entity393 and carrying a translocation.

title: Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Natural Conception: A Comparison of Live Birth Rates in @entity1 with Recurrent XXXX Associated with Translocation.

entities_list: @entity4547 :: ('MESH:C562565', 'Disease') :: ['uterine anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['antiphospholipid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PGD', 'preimplantation genetic diagnosis']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['parental chromosomal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['recurrent pregnancy loss', 'RPL']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['Pregnancy Loss']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Epidemiologic studies in @entity1 have demonstrated that infection with helminth parasites is associated with a reduced risk of developing @entity792 . Mechanistic studies in @entity19 have linked the protective effect of helminths on @entity792 to the suppressive activity of helminth-induced regulatory T cells (Tregs) or @entity61 cells. In this study, we demonstrate that treatment of @entity19 with @entity8072 excretory-secretory products (FHES) attenuated the clinical signs of @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ), a @entity19 model of @entity15 . Protection was associated with a significant reduction in the infiltration of pathogenic @entity630 and Th17 cells into the brain. Although FHES enhanced anti-inflammatory cytokine and @entity61 responses, protection against @entity6503 was independent of @entity58 , @entity1618 , and Tregs. However, administration of FHES induced production of the type 2 cytokines @entity26051 and @entity59 , which promoted accumulation of eosinophils. FHES-induced expansion of eosinophils and protection against @entity6503 was lost in @entity26051 (-/-) @entity19 and upon neutralization of @entity59 . Furthermore, transfer of FHES-induced or @entity26051 -induced eosinophils conferred protection against @entity6503 . In addition, treatment of @entity19 with recombinant @entity26051 attenuated @entity792 , and this was dependent on @entity59 . To our knowledge, this study is the first to report a role for helminth-induced @entity59 and @entity26051 in protection against @entity792 .

title: Helminth Products Protect against @entity792 Cytokines XXXX and @entity26051 , Which Promote Eosinophilia.

entities_list: @entity8072 :: ('6192', 'Species') :: ['Fasciola hepatica']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity6503 :: ('MESH:D004681', 'Disease') :: ['EAE', 'experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity', 'autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity59 :: (16191(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IL-5']


abstract: A variety of controlled mild stressors have been applied for activation of temporary response in oocytes, embryos, and somatic cells. So far, several stressors have been used to induce mild stress, including that of hydrostatic pressure, osmotic stress, mechanical stress, and oxidative challenges. Based on these evidences, we hypothesised that the @entity1068 in sublethal concentration would be capable of generating mild stress that may ultimately leads to an adaptive response in spermatozoa. To evaluate this hypothesis, semen samples (n=24, 6 ejaculates/bull) from 4 Holstein bulls were collected and pooled for each replicate. Pooled samples were divided into 5 equal parts and each part diluted with tris-glycerol-based (Optidyl(  )) extender containing 0 (O-E0), 0.03 ( @entity68561 ), 0.09 (O-E9), and 0.15 (O-E15) % (vol/vol) @entity1068 and frozen. After thawing, sperm motility and velocity parameters (sperm class analysis), apoptosis status (Phospatidylserin Translocation Detection commercial kit), plasma membrane integrity (eosin-Nigrosin staining), @entity1234 concentration ( @entity4466 reaction), and mitochondrial activity ( @entity3514 and @entity2667 ) were evaluated. The data were analysed using Proc Mixed of SAS 9.1 (version 9.1; SAS Institute Inc., 2002, Cary, NC, USA). Tukey's test was used to compare least squares means. As a result, the O-E9 group showed higher (85.2%) percentage of total motility compared with O-E0 (73.6%), @entity68561 (51.9%), and O-E15 (67.5%) groups (P<0.05). A highest (P<0.05) percentage of live spermatozoa were observed in the O-E9 (62.9%) group as compared with O-E0 (49.4%), @entity68561 (50.3%), and O-E15 (49.6%) groups, and also the proportion of apoptotic spermatozoa in the O-E9 (10.6%) group tended to be lowest as compared with those of O-E0 (15.6%), @entity68561 (17.2%), O-E15 (14.1%) groups (P>0.05). The plasma membrane integrity was higher (P<0.05) in O-E9 (90.8%) compared with @entity68561 (75%) and O-E15 (77.2%) groups; however, the difference was not significant when the O-E9 group was compared with the O-E0 group (83.2%; P>0.05). Obtained results revealed that @entity1234 level was lower in @entity68561 (1.03%), O-E9 (0.63%), and O-E15 (0.89%) groups compared with the O-E0 (1.94%) group (P<0.05). Furthermore, the percentage of live spermatozoa with active mitochondria was higher in O-E9 (57.7%) and O-E15 (57.5%) groups compared with O-E0 (49.1%) and @entity68561 (38.2%) groups (P<0.05). These results strongly suggest that supplementation of Optidyl(  ) extender with sublethal concentration of @entity1068 influences post-thawed bull sperm quality in a dose-dependent manner. However, further studies are needed to empirically determine the effect of supplementation on fertilization and pregnancy outcome.

title: 51 stress preconditioning of spermatozoa with sublethal concentrations of XXXX improve post-thaw sperm quality in bull.

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity4466 :: ('MESH:C029684', 'Chemical') :: ['thiobarbituric acid']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity215 ( @entity215 ) with @entity1146 ( @entity1146 ) and multiple aortopulmonary collaterals (MAPCAs) is a rare and severe form of @entity299 with poor prognosis. Aortopulmonary collaterals expose pulmonary arterioles to systemic pressure resulting in @entity120 ( @entity120 ). To date, reports regarding the role of @entity120 medications in this population are sparse. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of @entity120 medications in @entity1 with @entity215 , @entity1146 and MAPCAs or similar anatomy, with emphasis on symptoms, echocardiography and invasive hemodynamics. A retrospective review was performed for @entity1 at a single tertiary care pediatric center. Twelve of 66 @entity1 were treated with @entity120 medications (18  %), and eight of these @entity1 had adequate follow-up for further analysis. Median age at last follow-up was 6  years (range 1.4-21  years). Median length of therapy with @entity120 medication was 4  years (range 0.3-17  years). @entity120 medications included @entity7855 , @entity12584 , @entity15940 , inhaled @entity13992 and @entity4770 infusion. @entity120 therapy was associated with improvement in symptoms in all @entity1 and improvement in @entity120 by hemodynamic measures in the majority of @entity1 . All @entity1 underwent at least one cardiac intervention by catheterization or surgery while taking @entity120 medication. Two @entity1 died from non- @entity120 -related causes. The remaining six @entity1 are alive and remain on @entity120 medication. This review indicates that @entity120 medications are well tolerated by this @entity1 group and provide symptomatic improvement. Further studies are required to determine whether @entity120 medications provide long-term survival benefit for @entity1 with complex @entity299 .

title: Use of Pulmonary Hypertension Medications in @entity1 with @entity215 with XXXX and Multiple Aortopulmonary Collaterals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'Tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'PH']

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['prostacyclin']

entities_list: @entity13992 :: ('MESH:C427248', 'Chemical') :: ['treprostinil']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atresia', 'PA']

entities_list: @entity15940 :: ('MESH:C467894', 'Chemical') :: ['ambrisentan']

answer: @entity1146 :: (MESH:D018633,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary Atresia']


abstract: In France, the incidence of @entity7135 is increasing. The most severe presentation, called @entity18536 , has a death rate of 20-25%; 5 to 20% of the survivors need skin grafts and/or amputations. Diagnosis of invasive @entity7135 is very difficult when @entity4125 and "toxic" appearance are absent: one should take into account parents' impression of their ill @entity1 . This diagnosis must be evoked in any @entity1 presenting with @entity4125 (like in the United Kingdom, parents should be encouraged to use the "tumbler test" to identify a @entity1910 ); a fulminant form is to be suspected in the presence of only one ecchymosis and signs of @entity281 , remembering that recognition of shock is difficult in @entity1 . Recently, the Health Authority has recommended to administer a third generation @entity5898 promptly (before biological investigations) for any @entity1 with signs of @entity281 and a @entity39 (> 3 mm of diameter), and then to refer the @entity1 to the hospital. By grouping the @entity1 from 7 studies, it can be observed that preadmission antibiotic administration has a protective effect on mortality (odds ratio: 0.36; 95% confidence interval: 0.23-0.56); a negative effect was observed in only one of these series. @entity1 with @entity18536 should be referred to a paediatric intensive care unit. Management includes antibiotics, @entity230 , fluid resuscitation and @entity2661 (be aware of hypoglycaemia, particularly in @entity1 , and hypocalcaemia). Treatment of cutaneous @entity39 and @entity63 is difficult and still controversial: @entity5582 , @entity3790 , tissue plasminogen activator and vasodilator infusion have no proven efficacy. Cases must be rapidly notified to the Public Health Service who will institute chemoprophylaxis for close contacts. Given the predominance of serogroup B in France, we hope that an efficient vaccine will soon become available.

title: [Treatment of XXXX fulminans].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'patient', 'infants', 'child', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitic rash']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'necrotic or ecchymotic purpura']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['distal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5898 :: ('CHEBI:23066', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporin']

entities_list: @entity18536 :: ('MESH:D055665', 'Disease') :: ['purpura fulminans']

entities_list: @entity4125 :: ('MESH:D011693', 'Disease') :: ['purpura', 'febrile purpura']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity7135 :: ('MESH:D008589', 'Disease') :: ['meningococcal infection', 'meningococcal infections']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity7135 :: (MESH:D008589,Disease) :: ['meningococcal purpura']


abstract: @entity2829 ( @entity2829 ) stem gravitropism involves differential elongation of cells within a highly specialized region, the stem internodal pulvinus. In the present study, we investigated factors that control gravitropic responses in this system. In the graviresponding pulvinus, hexose @entity3363 (D-Glc and D-Fru) accumulated asymmetrically across the pulvinus. This correlated well with an asymmetric increase in acid invertase activity across the pulvinus. Northern analyses revealed asymmetric induction of one @entity2829 acid invertase gene, @entity69571 , consistent with transcriptional regulation by gravistimulation. Several lines of evidence indicated that auxin redistribution, as a result of polar auxin transport, is necessary for gravity-stimulated @entity69571 transcript accumulation and differential cell elongation across the @entity2829 pulvinus. First, the auxin transport inhibitor, @entity51257 , inhibited gravistimulated curvature and @entity69571 transcript accumulation. Second, a transient gradient of free @entity9634 ( @entity6207 ) across the pulvinus was apparent shortly after initiation of gravistimulation. This temporarily free @entity6207 gradient appears to be important for differential cell elongation and @entity69571 transcript accumulation. This is based on the observation that @entity51257 will not inhibit gravitropic responses when applied to pulvinus tissue after the free @entity6207 gradient peak has occurred. Third, @entity6207 alone can stimulate @entity69571 transcript accumulation in non-gravistimulated pulvini. The gravity- and @entity6207 -stimulated increase in @entity69571 transcripts was sensitive to the protein synthesis inhibitor, @entity1880 . Based on these results, a two-phase model describing possible relationships between gravitropic curvature, @entity6207 redistribution, and @entity69571 expression is presented.

title: Gravity-stimulated changes in auxin and invertase gene expression in XXXX pulvinal cells.

entities_list: @entity51257 :: ('MESH:C002687', 'Chemical') :: ['N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid']

entities_list: @entity2829 :: ('4577', 'Species') :: ['Maize', 'maize', 'Zea mays']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity9634 :: ('MESH:C030737', 'Chemical') :: ['indole-3-acetic acid']

answer: @entity2829 :: (4577,Species) :: ['maize']