abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1021 are common and distressing. The only treatment of proven effectiveness is @entity4807 , but this has a number of side effects. @entity1760 salts have been shown to reduce leg cramp distress in pregnancy. This study tests whether @entity19068 is effective in the treatment of leg cramps in non-pregnant individuals by conducting in a randomised, double-blind, cross-over placebo-controlled trial. MATERIAL/METHODS: Volunteers suffering regular leg cramps were recruited. @entity19068 equivalent to 300 mg @entity1760 and matching placebo were given for 6 weeks each. The number of cramps recorded in the cramp diary during the final 4 weeks of @entity1760 and placebo treatment, severity and duration of cramps and the @entity1 ' subjective assessment of effectiveness were analysed. RESULTS: In subjects who started with placebo (n=29) the median (95% CI) number of cramps was 9 (6-17) on placebo and 5 (4-8) on @entity1760 . For the group starting with @entity1760 (n=17) the median no of cramps was 9 (5-13) on @entity1760 and 8 (4-14) on placebo. There was no significant carry-over effect (p=0.88), but a highly significant period effect (p=0.008). There was a trend towards less cramps on @entity1760 (p=0.07). There was no difference in cramp severity and duration between the groups. Significantly more subjects thought that the treatment had helped after @entity1760 than after placebo 36 (78%) and 25 (54%) respectively, (p=0.03). @entity294 was recorded as a side effect of @entity1760 . CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that @entity1760 may be effective in treatment of @entity1021 . Further evaluation is recommended.

title: Randomised, cross-over, placebo controlled trial of XXXX in the treatment of chronic persistent leg cramps.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['Diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity1021 :: ('MESH:D020922', 'Disease') :: ['nocturnal leg cramps', 'Nocturnal leg cramps']

entities_list: @entity19068 :: ('MESH:C110422', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium citrate', 'Magnesium citrate']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium', 'Magnesium']

answer: @entity19068 :: (MESH:C110422,Chemical) :: ['magnesium citrate']


abstract: Porcine astroviruses (PoAstVs) are ubiquitous enteric virus of @entity1707 that are distributed in several countries throughout the world. Since PoAstVs are detected in apparent healthy @entity1707 , the clinical significance of @entity281 is unknown. However, AstVs have recently been associated with a severe @entity16 in animals, including @entity1 , and zoonotic potential has been suggested. To date, little is known about the epidemiology of PoAstVs among the @entity1707 population in Japan. In this report, we present an analysis of nearly complete genomes of 36 PoAstVs detected by a metagenomics approach in the feces of Japanese @entity1707 . Based on a phylogenetic analysis and pairwise sequence comparison, 10, 5, 15, and 6 sequences were classified as @entity69262 , @entity69262 , @entity69262 , and @entity69262 , respectively. @entity325 with two or three strains was found in individual fecal samples from eight @entity1707 . The phylogenetic trees of @entity69263 , ORF1b, and @entity69264 of @entity69262 and @entity69262 showed differences in their topologies. The @entity69262 and @entity69262 strains shared high sequence identities within each genotype in all ORFs; however, one @entity69262 and one @entity69262 showed considerable sequence divergence from the other @entity69262 and @entity69262 strains, respectively, in @entity69264 . Recombination analysis using whole genomes revealed evidence of multiple possible intra-genotype recombination events in @entity69262 and @entity69262 , suggesting that recombination might have contributed to the genetic diversity and played an important role in the evolution of Japanese PoAstVs.

title: Whole genome analysis of porcine astroviruses detected in Japanese XXXX reveals genetic diversity and possible intra-genotypic recombination.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorder']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['Co-infection']

entities_list: @entity69262 :: ('1093928', 'Species') :: ['PoAstV4', 'PoAstV5', 'PoAstV3 strain', 'PoAstV3', 'PoAstV5 strain', 'PoAstV2']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hospital complications can pose a threat to @entity1 , contribute to higher mortality and morbidity, and increase both the average length of hospital stay (LOS) and the use of other resources. The purpose of this study is to express the relationship between complications and the use of hospital resources in financial parameters. METHODS: All @entity130 @entity1 admitted to the surgical ward in the period 2000 to 2008 were analyzed (n = 4,377). All activities registered during admission were obtained. The integral in-hospital cost prices of each activity were divided into various product groups. Median and interquartile ranges were presented for the number of activities in the product groups, stratified by age and Injury Severity Score. The relationship between both institutional- and @entity532 and the number of activities in the different product groups was tested with linear regression analysis with adjustment for confounding. RESULTS: Significant associations between @entity532 and LOS, therapeutic paramedical products, diagnostic radiologic products, other diagnostic products, diagnostic laboratory products, therapeutic surgical procedures, other therapeutic products, and total costs (b = 5,420; 95% confidence interval, 4,912-5,929) were found. Significant associations between institutional-related complications and LOS, therapeutic paramedical products, diagnostic radiologic products, therapeutic surgical procedures, and other therapeutic products were found. Total costs (b = 170; 95% confidence interval, -760 to 1,099) showed a nonsignificant association with institutional-related complications. CONCLUSION: Complications increase hospital costs, and even a small reduction in the number of complications will result in a substantial hospital cost savings and a reduction in the emotional and physical burdens of @entity1 .

title: Increased consumption of hospital resources due to complications: an assessment of costs in a level I XXXX center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['trauma-related complications']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of @entity1814 -based concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) with that of @entity900 -based CCRT in @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: The medical records of @entity1 with @entity5 who had undergone CCRT between 2003 and 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. Of these, 129 @entity1 were treated postoperatively with CCRT (n  =  52) or primary CCRT (n  =  77). A total of 29 @entity1 were treated with @entity1814 -based postoperative CCRT and 23 @entity1 were treated with @entity900 -based postoperative CCRT. A total of 28 @entity1 were treated with @entity1814 -based postoperative CCRT, and 49 @entity1 were treated with @entity900 -based postoperative CCRT. Progression-free survival (PFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were compared between the treatment groups. RESULTS: With postoperative CCRT, there were no significant differences in recurrence rate (P  =  1.0000), PFS (log-rank: P  =  0.8503), and @entity1349 (log-rank: P  =  0.8926) between the two treatment groups. With primary CCRT, there were no significant differences in PFS (log-rank: P  =  0.7845) and @entity1349 (log-rank: P  =  0.3659). The frequency of acute @entity137 was not significantly different between the @entity900 -based postoperative CCRT group and the @entity1814 -based postoperative CCRT group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1814 -based postoperative CCRT is an effective and well-tolerated regimen for both early-stage and advanced-stage @entity5 @entity1 .

title: Clinical efficacy of XXXX -based concurrent chemoradiotherapy for uterine @entity5 : a Tohoku @entity5 Unit Study.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity1814 :: ('MESH:C053989', 'Chemical') :: ['Nedaplatin', 'nedaplatin']

answer: @entity1814 :: (MESH:C053989,Chemical) :: ['nedaplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Endoscopist-Directed Nurse-Administered @entity1875 Sedation (EDNAPS) has been evaluated in community settings rather than tertiary referral centers. @entity1 AND METHODS: A hospital-wide prospectively collected database of Medical Emergency Team Calls (METCALL), emergency responses triggered by medically unstable @entity1 , was reviewed. Responses that followed EDNAPS were extracted and compared with a prospectively entered database of all endoscopies performed using EDNAPS over the same period. RESULTS: A total of 33,539 endoscopic procedures (16,393 gastroscopies, 17,146 colonoscopies) were performed on 27,989 @entity1 using EDNAPS. Intravenous drugs included @entity1363 (0-5mg), @entity3575 (0-100mcg), and @entity1875 (10-420mg). Of 23 METCALLs (18 gastroscopies and 5 colonoscopies), there were 16 with ASA scores of III or higher. Indications for gastroscopy were gastrointestinal (GI) @entity548 (n=11; 8 variceal, 3 nonvariceal), @entity1282 (n=5), @entity970 removal (n=1), and @entity2210 (n=1). Fifteen of 22 @entity1 , including all of those who had a colonoscopy, made a full recovery and returned to the ward or were discharged home. In the gastroscopy group, seven were intubated and admitted to Intensive Care, of whom six were emergency cases for @entity360 (n=4 variceal, n=2 non variceal) and one in which the indication was @entity970 removal. Two deaths occurred in the intubated group. CONCLUSIONS: In a tertiary referral center, EDNAPS for low-to-moderate risk (ASA  <=2) @entity1 undergoing gastroscopy and colonoscopy is very safe. Gastroscopy is associated with greater anesthetic risk than colonoscopy and those with high ASA scores needing urgent endoscopy for @entity360 are at particular risk of @entity712 .

title: Morbidity and mortality of endoscopist-directed nurse-administered XXXX sedation (EDNAPS) in a tertiary referral center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding', 'upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory decompensation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol', 'Propofol']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1479 shocks are potentially associated with @entity296 , altered hemodynamics, apoptosis and inflammatory signaling. Their precise cellular impact can be explored after defibrillation testing (DFT) via biomarkers. We evaluated changes in biomarkers after @entity1479 shocks during DFT. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled outpatients presenting for first implantation of a cardiac device. Biomarkers indicative of @entity296 , @entity32 and apoptosis were measured before and after implantation, and compared between @entity1 receiving DFT (DFT+) to those not (DFT-). RESULTS: Sixty-three @entity1 were enrolled, 40 in the DFT+ group and 23 in the DFT- group. Average levels of troponin I, hsCRP, @entity1190 , NTproBNP, and sFas increased by >50% after cardiac device implantation compared to baseline. Increase in troponin never exceeded 50 fold upper limit of normal (2ng/mL). Troponin trended higher in the DFT+ group at 8 hours (median 0.18 ng/mL, IQR 0.11-0.48) versus the DFT- group (0.10 ng/mL, IQR 0.06-0.28, P = 0.0501); NTproBNP had a similar trend (p = 0.0581). sFas significantly increased in the DFT+ group from baseline (median 4663 pg/mL, IQR 2908-5679) to 24 hours (5039 pg/mL, IQR 3274-6261;p = 0.0338) but not in the DFT- group (p = 0.4705). CONCLUSION: DFT testing is associated with acutely increased plasma levels of troponin and sFas, a biomarker of apoptosis, along with a trend towards higher NTproBNP. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Acute Effects of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Shocks on Biomarkers of XXXX , Apoptosis, Heart Failure, and @entity32 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity1190 :: ('MESH:D039841', 'Chemical') :: ['Calprotectin']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Injury']


abstract: The @entity1 was a 34-year-old male with chronic @entity1897 with such acute onset as seen in @entity5011 . @entity16 were gradually progressive for 4 weeks, and predominantly noted in the left side. Deep reflexes were normal and the distribution of @entity425 was uneven. Plasma exchange reduced @entity16 . Four weeks later, right drop foot was relapsed. High dose intravenous immunoglobulin was effective. Serial electrophysiological studies indicated the asymmetric reduction of @entity13432 . Repeated assays of anti- @entity26243 -GD1a IgM antibody were positive. This is the first report of chronic @entity1897 as multiple mononeuritric type associated with anti- @entity26243 -GD1a IgM antibody. This case adds to our knowledge better understanding of the pathogenetic role of anti- @entity26243 -GD1a IgM antibody in @entity16 .

title: [A case of chronic @entity1897 associated with anti- XXXX -GD1a-IgM antibody].

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological symptoms', 'neurological symptoms', 'inflammatory neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['pure motor neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['Guillain-Barr   syndrome']

answer: @entity26243 :: (CHEBI:28037,Chemical) :: ['GalNAc']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 301 Background: PFS6 was identified to be a robust intermediate endpoint in the setting of second-line therapy for advanced @entity189 (Sonpavde, ESMO Congress, 2012) We studied the impact of second-line prognostic factors (Sonpavde, ESMO Congress 2012) (liver metastasis [LM], @entity417 [Hb<10 g/dl], ECOG-performance status [PS] >= 1, @entity1054 [ @entity1054 ]) on PFS6 and response rate (RR) to enable comparison of outcomes across phase II trials. METHODS: Twelve phase II trials evaluating second-line chemotherapy and/or biologics (n=748) in @entity1 with progressive disease were pooled. PFS was defined as @entity5 progression or @entity204 from any cause. PFS6 was defined from the date of registration and calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Data regarding progression, Hb, LM, PS and @entity1054 were available in 570 @entity1 , who were considered evaluable. The mean age was 65.1 years, 45.3% had ECOG-PS >= 1, 30.2% had LM, 14.6% had @entity417 and @entity1054 was <6 months (mo) in 60.2%. The overall median PFS was 2.7 mo, PFS6 was 22.2% (95% CI: 18.8-25.9) and RR was 17.5% (95% CI: 14.5%-20.9%). PFS6 and RR varied significantly according to risk group (Table). For every unit increase in risk group, the hazard of progression in 6 mo increased by 41% and the odds of response decreased by 48%. CONCLUSIONS: PFS6 and RR vary as a function of prognostic factors in @entity1 receiving second-line therapy for advanced @entity189 . These data facilitate comparison of outcomes across phase II trials enrolling heterogeneous populations. [Table: see text].

title: Impact of baseline prognostic factors on progression-free survival at 6 months (PFS6) and response in @entity1 receiving second-line therapy for advanced @entity189 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TFPC', 'time from prior chemotherapy']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['UC']


abstract: Previous results have demonstrated addition of long-acting @entity2263 -adrenergic agonists to be beneficial in @entity565 @entity1 already receiving inhaled @entity228 . The purpose of this study was to determine, qualitatively as well as quantitatively, the @entity134 -sparing properties of @entity10453 in stable @entity565 @entity1 receiving maintenance inhaled corticosteroids (800-1600 microg day(-1)). In these @entity1 , the daily dose of @entity2715 was reduced by 200 microg each week until @entity565 deteriorated, with the minimal acceptable dose (MAD) being defined as the dose one step above deterioration (sensitivity period). Following this, @entity1 received three times the MAD for 2 weeks. @entity1 were randomized to receive either @entity10453 50 microg twice daily or placebo and the MAD was again determined (treatment period). Forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) was measured each week. Morning and evening peak expiratory flow (PEF), symptom score and use of bronchodilator were recorded each day. Fifteen @entity1 received @entity10453 and 19 placebo. The MAD was significantly lower in the @entity10453 group compared with placebo during the treatment period (P<0.01). A 50% reduction of the MAD was achieved by more @entity1 treated with @entity10453 than placebo (P = 0.001). @entity10453 caused a significantly greater reduction in daytime symptom score and use of as-needed @entity2263 -agoinist therapy between sensitivity and treatment periods compared with placebo (P<0.05 for both). The results demonstrate, that the addition of @entity10453 to @entity228 treatment offers a clinically relevant potential for reduction of inhaled @entity228 dose in @entity134 sensitive @entity748 .

title: XXXX reduces the need for inhaled @entity228 in @entity134 -dependent @entity748 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatics']

entities_list: @entity2715 :: ('MESH:D001507', 'Chemical') :: ['beclomethasone dipropionate']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity10453 :: ('MESH:C057823', 'Chemical') :: ['salmeterol', 'Salmeterol']

answer: @entity10453 :: (MESH:C057823,Chemical) :: ['Salmeterol']


abstract: Mussel samples from four locations along the Norweigian coast were extracted by methods for diarrheic shellfish toxins (DST) and tested by chemical and biological methods, including histopathology. All samples had previously been found to be highly toxic in @entity19 , with symptoms indicating the presence of @entity11849 in the @entity19 bioassay. Chemical analysis revealed that the DST @entity7245 ( @entity7245 ) and dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1) were present each one in one sample, but only a minor part of the total @entity137 could be attributed to these toxions. In the other two samples, @entity7245 and DTX1 were absent. Incubation of the mussel extracts from all four samples with freshly prepared hepatocytes indicated the presence of unknown toxin(s) which may not be classified within the DST complex. Purified mussel samples were given to baby @entity19 both via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections and by oral intubation. @entity137 was about 25-50 times lower than @entity137 obtained by i.p. injections, a result in accordance with acute toxic properties of many toxins. Risk assessment of the unknown toxin(s) requires chemical identification, but the preliminary results obtained indicate a large margin of safety, based on the large amounts of mussel extracts necessary to yield toxic effects in the intestine and liver in experimental animals upon oral exposure versus @entity1 intake.

title: @entity137 in XXXX of algal toxins from the diarrheic shellfish toxin (DST) complex and associated toxins.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Oral toxicity']

entities_list: @entity7245 :: ('MESH:D000592', 'Disease') :: ['okadaic acid', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity11849 :: ('MESH:D065766', 'Disease') :: ['non-diarrheagenic toxins']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: In @entity468 the global (gCBF) as well as the regional cerebral blood flow ( @entity13279 ) and blood pressure were measured before, during, and after noxious inward and outward rotations of normal and inflamed @entity2720 . The animals were anesthetized with @entity1508 and immobilized by @entity9563 . The gCBF as well as the @entity13279 were measured using positron emission tomography (PET) with a camera specifically designed for use in small animals. Slow intravenous bolus injections of @entity8493 -labeled water were followed by 3-min acquisition of regional radioactivity starting at the time of injection. In all experiments the gCBF as well as the blood pressure were increased by noxious inward-outward rotations of the normal and of the inflamed joint, whereas the blood pressure and the @entity13279 remained unchanged during bolus injections under control conditions (without any joint movement). Movements of the inflamed joint evoked significantly greater increases in blood pressure and gCBF than corresponding ones of the normal joint. These increases in gCBF were paralleled by increases in @entity13279 along the complete anterior to posterior axis of the brain. Again, the increases in @entity13279 were larger, more extensive and more uniform following the stimulation of the inflamed joint relative to the results obtained with stimulation of the normal joint. No significant laterality was seen, but when an atlas-based region of interest (ROI) analysis was carried out and when the individual variations in @entity13279 were removed with two-way ANOVA, significant differences were disclosed in @entity13279 between the stimulated condition and the resting condition in a large number of brain regions. In particular, noxious rotation of the normal (right) elbow joint induced a significant increase in @entity13279 over the cerebral cortex and in the right thalamus and hippocampus. The same stimulation of the (left) inflamed joint induced a significant increase in @entity13279 throughout the brain; the biggest increase being over the right posterior cortex. It is concluded that under the conditions of the present experiments the generally accepted autoregulation of the cerebral blood flow is not fully functioning, and various factors that may be responsible for this failure (which obscures @entity13279 differences) are discussed. The more pronounced increases in @entity13279 when moving inflamed joints instead of normal ones is thought to be a direct consequence of the peripheral sensitization of the articular nociceptors and the consequent central hyperexcitability induced in the articular nociceptive pathways.

title: Positron emission tomography reveals changes in global and regional cerebral blood flow during noxious stimulation of normal and inflamed @entity2720 in anesthetized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity9563 :: ('MESH:D005703', 'Chemical') :: ['gallamine triethiodide']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['elbow joints']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with @entity6 and multivessel disease, @entity453 bypass graft surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention are treatment options. However, there is paucity of data comparing @entity453 bypass graft surgery against newer generation stents. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1 included in the New York State registries who had @entity6 and underwent isolated @entity453 bypass graft surgery or percutaneous coronary intervention with @entity2239 eluting stent (EES) for multivessel disease were included. Propensity score matching was used to assemble a cohort with similar baseline characteristics. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were @entity583 ( @entity583 ), @entity64 , and repeat revascularization. Short-term (within 30 days) and long-term outcomes were evaluated. Among 16   089 @entity1 with @entity6 and multivessel disease, 8096 @entity1 with similar propensity scores were included. At short-term, EES was associated with a lower risk of @entity204 (hazard ratio [HR] =0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34-0.98; P=0.04) and @entity64 (HR=0.14; 95% CI, 0.06-0.30; P<0.0001) but higher risk of @entity583 (HR=2.44; 95% CI, 1.13-5.31; P=0.02). At long-term, EES was associated with a similar risk of @entity204 (425 [10.50%] versus 414 [10.23%] events; HR=1.12; 95% CI, 0.96-1.30; P=0.16), a lower risk of @entity64 (118 [2.92%] versus 157 [3.88%] events; HR=0.76; 95% CI, 0.58-0.99; P=0.04) but a higher risk of @entity583 (260 [6.42%] versus 166 [4.10%] events; HR=1.64; 95% CI, 1.32-2.04; P<0.0001) and repeat revascularization (889 [21.96%] versus 421 [10.40%] events; HR=2.42; 95% CI, 2.12-2.76; P<0.0001). The higher risk of @entity583 was not seen in the subgroup of EES @entity1 who underwent complete revascularization (HR=1.37; 95% CI, 0.76-2.47; P=0.30). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity6 and multivessel disease, EES was associated with lower upfront risk of @entity204 and @entity64 when compared with @entity453 bypass graft surgery. However, at long-term, EES was associated with similar risk of @entity204 , a higher risk of @entity583 (in those with incomplete revascularization), and repeat revascularization but a lower risk of @entity64 .

title: @entity2239 Eluting Stents Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery for XXXX With @entity6 and Multivessel Disease.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['everolimus']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: The present study was intended to gain additional information on the growth regulation of prostate by @entity1943 (SRIF) and the intracellular events involved. The @entity1 @entity263 cell lines @entity11620 and LNCaP produce SRIF and express subtypes 2 and 5 of SRIF receptors. The secretion of SRIF is related to the proliferative status of these cells; an inverse relationship exists between cell proliferation and the amount of secreted SRIF. Moreover, the growth of @entity11620 cells is inhibited by SRIF overexpression and increased by blockage of endogenous SRIF. Coincident with the increase in SRIF secretion, the activity and levels of the SH2 domain containing protein @entity669 phosphatase ( @entity46999 , present in @entity11620 cells are augmented, but the effect can be partially prevented by neutralization of secreted endogenously SRIF. The activity of @entity46999 is also stimulated by the SRIF analog @entity35583 . Overexpression of @entity46999 induces inhibition of @entity11620 cell growth. @entity46999 is also present in normal prostate, @entity1067 , @entity5436 , and well differentiated @entity420 . In contrast, no signal is detected in poorly differentiated @entity263 . These findings demonstrate that SRIF inhibits @entity11620 and LNCaP cell proliferation through an autocrine/paracrine SRIF loop. This effect could be mediated by activation of the @entity669 phosphatase @entity46999 detected in these cells as well as in @entity1 prostate and @entity263 .

title: Autocrine regulation of @entity1 XXXX cell proliferation by @entity1943 through the modulation of the SH2 domain containing protein @entity669 phosphatase ( @entity46999 .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate adenocarcinoma', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is quite common that @entity1 suffering from @entity73 only visit a doctor when the symptoms have already reached an advanced stage. This is often due to a fear of @entity195 or a dread of exhausting diagnostic procedures and exposure of personal details; however, an early diagnosis and therapy increases the chance of preserving the quality of life for a longer period of time. OBJECTIVES: Evaluation of a risk assessment for @entity195 by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with respect to the acceptance and value by @entity1 . METHODS: In this prospective preventive study 106 subjects between the age of 39 and 89 years (median age 68 years) with general risk factors were included and underwent a risk assessment for @entity195 by standard MRI of the brain using a 1  T open MRI with subsequent hippocampal volumetry. @entity1 were stratified into two distinct subgroups according to the individual hippocampal @entity194 status, one with elevated and the other with reduced risk. All @entity1 were thoroughly interviewed regarding anxieties and mental well-being before and after the risk assessment. RESULTS: As expected, @entity1 with a reduced risk had a significant improvement in well-being and a reduction of fears and worries after the examination. Neither a significant deterioration of the mental situation nor an increase of fears and worries was found for @entity1 with an elevated risk. Of the @entity1 90   % stated that MRI-based risk stratification generated positive perspectives for the future. The assessment revealed a high acceptance by most of the @entity1 (94   %). CONCLUSION: An MRI-based risk assessment is beneficial to the @entity1 's quality of life and as a low threshold approach may induce more individuals with concerns to take advantage of an early diagnosis of @entity195 .

title: [Value and acceptance of risk assessment for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: The main constraints on the administration of @entity581 are the risks of nephrotoxicity and @entity2167 , which can lead to acute, renal, vestibular, and @entity2167 . In the present study we focused on nephrotoxicity. No reliable predictor of nephrotoxicity has been found to date. We have developed a deterministic model which describes the pharmacokinetic behavior of @entity581 (with a two-compartment model), the kinetics of @entity4028 accumulation in the renal cortex, the effects of @entity581 on renal cells, the resulting effects on renal function by tubuloglomerular feedback, and the resulting effects on serum @entity1011 concentrations. The pharmacokinetic parameter values were estimated by use of the NPEM program. The estimated pharmacodynamic parameter values were obtained after minimization of the least-squares objective function between the measured and the calculated serum @entity1011 concentrations. A simulation program assessed the influences of the dosage regimens on the occurrence of nephrotoxicity. We have also demonstrated the relevancy of modeling of the circadian rhythm of the renal function. We have shown the ability of the model to fit with 49 observed serum @entity1011 concentrations for a group of eight @entity1 treated for @entity884 by comparison with 49 calculated serum @entity1011 concentrations (r(2) = 0.988; P < 0.001). We have found that for the same daily dose, the nephrotoxicity observed with a thrice-daily administration schedule appears more rapidly, induces a greater decrease in renal function, and is more prolonged than those that occur with less frequent administration schedules (for example, once-daily administration). Moreover, for once-daily administration, we have demonstrated that the time of day of administration can influence the incidence of @entity4028 nephrotoxicity. The lowest level of nephrotoxicity was observed when @entity581 were administered at 1:30 p.m. Clinical application of this model might make it possible to adjust @entity4028 dosage regimens by taking into account both the efficacies and @entity137 of the drugs.

title: XXXX nephrotoxicity: modeling, simulation, and control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['auditory toxicities', 'ototoxicity']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity4028 :: (CHEBI:47779,Chemical) :: ['Aminoglycoside']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1086 ( @entity1086 ) has the propensity to fail at loco-regional (LR) and distant sites despite aggressive radical surgery. Adjuvant therapy in the form of radiotherapy (RT), systemic @entity7730 ( @entity7730 ) and chemoradiation (CRT) is the usual practice. Due to rarity of this disease, there is limited evidence to suggest the type of adjuvant treatment which should be offered to the @entity1 . AIM: The study was conducted to evaluate the impact of adjuvant treatment on curatively resected @entity1086 @entity1 . SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Histological proven @entity1 of @entity1086 registered between June, 2008 and July, 2014 were identified from our hospital database and retrospective analysis was done. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 of @entity1086 who had curative resection followed by adjuvant treatment as RT alone, @entity7730 alone or CRT were included in the study. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Adverse prognostic factors and the effect of adjuvant treatment on overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) were evaluated using Cox Regression Method and Kaplan Meier plot. RESULTS: We identified 33 @entity1 of which 23 were @entity34 (Early disease) and the remaining 10 were @entity5 ( @entity1442 ). All except one @entity1 had @entity420 . A total of 5 @entity1 were treated with RT alone while 16 @entity1 received @entity7730 alone. The remaining 12 @entity1 were treated with CRT. Median follow-up period was 8.5 months. At analysis 4 were alive while the remaining 29 were dead due to disease. With regard to "Early disease" @entity1 who had RT alone, @entity7730 alone and CRT, the median OS was 22.3, 10.3 and 15.2 months respectively (p = .440). Cohort of @entity1 with " @entity1442 " who were treated with @entity7730 alone and CRT the median OS was 7.5 and 7.0 months respectively (p = .643). On multivariate analysis none of the prognostic factors had an adverse impact on survival. CONCLUSION: The impact of adjuvant treatment in the form of RT, @entity7730 or CRT after curative resection in @entity1086 @entity1 was seen in terms of improved survival but was not statistically significant.

title: Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on Survival in Curatively Resected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stage III or IV disease']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['Advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity7730 :: ('MESH:D064146', 'Disease') :: ['CT', 'chemotherapy']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['Gallbladder carcinoma', 'GBC']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['Stage I or II disease']

answer: @entity1086 :: (MESH:D005706,Disease) :: ['Gallbladder Carcinoma']


abstract: @entity281 remains a problem in the management of @entity364 , particularly in the immunocompromised host. Signs and symptoms are non-specific, colonization is difficult to distinguish from invasive disease, @entity1503 are commonly negative and @entity1 are often unable to undergo invasive diagnostic procedures. This situation has led to the strategy of initiating empirical therapy in the high-risk @entity1 . A variety of tests has been applied to several body fluids. At the simplest level, the clinician must be familiar with the appearance of various fungi in tissue. Non-culture methods include antibody- and antigen-based assays, metabolite detection and molecular identification. The latter includes PCR identification of fungal DNA from body fluid samples using conserved or specific genome sequences. Detection of glucan in blood has been achieved using crab amoebocyte lysate. With @entity2381 , predictive clinical correlates have been defined, respiratory tract cultures are highly predictive of invasive disease in the appropriate setting and certain CT scan findings enable early diagnosis. Bronchoalveolar lavage is also very useful. Galactomannan antigen testing of blood is routine in some European centres, with EIA methodology supplanting agglutination because of apparently greater sensitivity. PCR has been made specific by genus-specific probes, with 100% sensitivity and reasonable specificity. In candidosis, the number of sites of colonization correlates with invasion. Tests for mannan antibodies and antigenaemia are currently of interest. Metabolite assays appeared promising but have not been pursued commercially. In cryptococcosis, pronase treatment of serum has reduced false positives and false negatives, and improved reproducibility of titres. Birdseed agar improves culture specificity. In @entity6656 , serology is the exemplar for all mycology. Gene probes have accelerated diagnosis by culture. In histoplasmosis, the antigenuria test's high sensitivity and specificity has dispelled the chronic @entity911 in interpreting antibody test results.

title: Diagnosis of XXXX : current status.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood cultures']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Diagnosing infections']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal diseases']

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity6656 :: ('MESH:D003047', 'Disease') :: ['coccidioidomycosis']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['fungal infections']


abstract: A retrospective review of all hepatic @entity733 identified at autopsy over the 24-year period 1977-2000 at the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI), Kingston, Jamaica, was conducted. Post mortem and microbiology records were reviewed. Data collected included age, gender, predisposing factors, organisms isolated, number of @entity733 and associated conditions, such as @entity6 . Data for the adults was analyzed separately. Thirty-nine cases of pyogenic @entity733 were identified from 7480 post-mortems. Thirty-three occurred in adults of mean age 59.5 years. Sixty per cent of the @entity733 were solitary. @entity253 was the predisposing factor in 33% of cases. Six per cent were cryptogenic: 11/33 @entity1 were @entity6 and these were significantly older than non- @entity6 (p < 0.014) @entity3274 was the most common organism isolated from @entity6 (6.9). Only 2/33 @entity733 were diagnosed ante-mortem. The @entity733 in @entity1 were more frequently multiple and associated with @entity1320 . Gram positive cocci were the commonly isolated organisms in @entity1 . There were no cases of amoebic abscess. The prevalence of @entity99 was low. @entity6 was a significant contributing factor. A high index of clinical suspicion is therefore warranted particularly in elderly @entity6 .

title: XXXX at the University Hospital of the West Indies. A 24-year autopsy review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus', 'Diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3274 :: ('573', 'Species') :: ['Klebsiella pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['extra-abdominal infection']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscesses']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['Biliary tract disease']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic abscess']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['Hepatic abscesses']


abstract: AIMS: There is increasing evidence suggesting that @entity1243 plays a major role in the regulation of energy homeostasis, as well as in the neuroendocrine and reproductive systems. @entity1243 is synthesized in the @entity1 placenta. The aim of this study was to relate serum @entity1243 levels during pregnancy to @entity413 tolerance, body mass index (BMI) and specific metabolic variables, such as specific insulin and @entity2690 . METHODS: A 2-h 75 g oral @entity413 tolerance test was performed in 221 pregnant @entity1 at 22-29 weeks of gestation (median 25th week). Serum @entity1243 was measured using a radioimmunoassay. In 49 @entity1 , sequential @entity1243 measurements were performed (during pregnancy and post partum (median 5 months)). RESULTS: During pregnancy serum @entity1243 was significantly related to body weight (r = 0.49), BMI (r = 0.51), fasting immunoreactive insulin (r = 0.46), specific insulin (r = 0.43) and @entity2690 (r = 0.29) (all P-values <0.0001). In @entity1 with mild @entity6677 (GDM, n = 55), @entity1243 levels were lower compared to @entity1 with normal @entity413 tolerance (n = 166) after adjusting for BMI and fasting insulin (26.9 vs. 19.4 ng/ml, P = 0.0001). @entity1243 was significantly higher during pregnancy compared to post partum (mean +/- SE: 24.3+/-1.5 vs. 19.6+/-1.6 ng/ml, P = 0.0003), even after adjustment for changes in BMI and changes in fasting insulin (P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1243 levels are elevated in pregnancy. @entity1 with mild GDM presented with relative hypoleptinaemia compared to @entity1 with normal @entity413 tolerance.

title: Relative hypoleptinaemia in XXXX with mild gestational diabetes mellitus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pleural effusion may complicate acute Stanford type B aortic dissection ( @entity23643 ). AIMS: To identify the relationships between the quantity and side of the @entity1143 , biomarkers and outcomes in @entity1 with @entity23643 . METHODS: We undertook a retrospective review of 105 @entity1 with @entity23643 . Their demographics, the data on admission and during hospital stay, the volume of @entity1143 calculated from the area on computed tomography images and clinical outcomes were analysed. RESULTS: The median estimated peak volume (median 6.7 days after onset) was 129 ml (63-192, range 26-514 ml) on the left and 11 ml (6-43, range 2-300 ml) on the right. On univariate analysis, the volume of bilateral effusions was associated with @entity417 , hypoalbuminaemia and inflammatory markers, whereas the volume of left-sided effusions was associated with older age, low diastolic blood pressure and maximum aortic diameter. Multivariate analysis revealed that hypoalbuminaemia was independently associated with bilateral effusion volume (P<0.001), while maximum aortic diameter was associated with left-sided effusion volume (P=0.019). A greater volume of bilateral plural effusion was associated with longer intensive care unit stay. CONCLUSIONS: Larger bilateral @entity1143 in @entity1 with @entity23643 were associated with hypoalbuminaemia and potentially with @entity417 and @entity32 , and may increase the length of intensive care unit stay. Left-sided effusion volume appears to be influenced by the nature of the @entity384 . Multiple mechanisms may underpin the development of @entity1143 in @entity23643 , and are likely to influence clinical outcomes.

title: Clinical implications of @entity1143 in XXXX with acute type B aortic dissection.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion', 'pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dilatation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9285 ( @entity9285 ) is a well-documented treatment of @entity56 . Little is known about potential effects of @entity9285 on the risk of other chronic immune-related diseases. Over the years, a few casuistic reports have caused concern that @entity9285 might act as a trigger of @entity792 . OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the association of @entity9285 with the incidence of @entity792 and @entity741 ( @entity741 ), as well as all-cause mortality. METHODS: All Danish citizens without other known diseases were linked and followed through central registries on medications and hospital admissions. @entity1 receiving @entity9285 and @entity1 receiving conventional allergy treatment (CAT; nasal @entity230 or oral antihistamines) were compared with regard to mortality and development of @entity792 , @entity583 ( @entity583 ), and @entity741 . Cox regression (survival analysis) with age as the underlying time scale was used to estimate relative risks (hazard ratios [HRs] with 95% CIs) associated with @entity9285 compared with CAT adjusted for age, sex, vocational status, and income. RESULTS: During the 10-year study period (1997-2006), a total of 18,841 and 428,484 @entity1 were followed in the @entity9285 and CAT groups, respectively. Receiving @entity9285 was associated with lower mortality (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.62-0.81) and lower incidence of @entity583 (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.52-0.93), @entity741 (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.73-1.05), and @entity792 (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.74-0.99). CONCLUSION: In this registry-based observational study, receiving @entity9285 compared with CAT was associated with lower risk of @entity792 and @entity583 , as well as decreased all-cause mortality.

title: Association of subcutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy with incidence of @entity792 , XXXX , and mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity9285 :: ('MESH:D013352', 'Disease') :: ['Subcutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy', 'SCIT']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['IgE-mediated allergic disease']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['IHD', 'ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease', 'autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['ischemic heart disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The diagnosis of pediatric @entity497 ( @entity497 ) is based on clinical criteria. Even though chest x- @entity16039 (CXR) is only recommended in severe cases, it is often requested from physicians in mild cases, thus increasing radiation exposure. @entity358 ( @entity358 ) is not included in the diagnostic workup. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of @entity358 against CXR. METHODS: @entity1 who presented to the emergency department with clinical signs suggesting @entity497 and had already been evaluated with a CXR were included in the study. Availability of a pediatric sonographer expert in @entity358 was also considered a criterion for participation. Chest x- @entity16039 and @entity358 were considered positive for @entity497 in cases of alveolar or interstitial pattern of disease. The diagnostic criterion standard was the ex post diagnosis of @entity55 , made by an independent senior expert pediatrician, after evaluation of the complete medical chart. RESULTS: Sixty-nine @entity1 were enrolled in the study, with 66 of 69 positive for @entity497 . Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis results for CXR were 95.5% sensitivity and 100% specificity, whereas for @entity358 , sensitivity was reported 92.42% and specificity 100%. Comparison of the 2 receiver operating characteristic curves revealed no difference in the diagnostic value of the 2 methods for the diagnosis of @entity55 (P = 0.658). However, @entity358 classified more cases as @entity66 compared with CXR. CONCLUSIONS: @entity358 plays a significant role in the detection of @entity497 , not inferior to CXR. The aim of this study was to encourage the use of ultrasound as a first-line examination for @entity497 in @entity1 .

title: Lung Ultrasound as First-Line Examination for the Diagnosis of @entity497 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar disease']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'community-acquired pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['LUS', 'Lung ultrasound']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: [Purpose] To investigate the effects of Phase II cardiac exercise therapy (CET) on exercise capacity and changes in coronary risk factors (CRFs) of @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ). [Subjects] Thirty male subjects with @entity583 were divided into an experimental group (EG) and a control group (CG). Another 30 age-matched subjects with patent coronary arteries served as a normal-control group (NCG). [Methods] Subjects in EG (n=20) trained using a stationary bicycle for 30   min at their target heart rate twice a week for 8 weeks. Exercise capacity was defined as the maximal @entity209 ( @entity209 ) that subjects reached during the symptom-limited maximal exercise test. HR, BP and RPP were recorded. Subjects in EG and CG received exercise tests and screening for CRFs at the beginning of, end of, and 3 months after Phase II CET, while subjects in NCG participated only in the 1st test. [Results] @entity209 of CG did not improve until the 3rd test, while RPP at the 2nd test showed a significant increase. However, EG showed increased @entity209 at the 2nd test without increase of RPP, and increased their high density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) during the follow-up period between the 2nd and 3rd tests. [Conclusion] Phase II CET shortens the recovery time of exercise capacity, helps to maintain the gained exercise capacity and increases HDL-C in phase III.

title: Supervised Phase II Cardiac Exercise Therapy Shortens the Recovery of Exercise Capacity in @entity1 with Acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic equivalents', 'METs']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the efficacy of percutaneous nucleoplasty using coblation technique for the treatment of chronic nonspecific @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ), after 5 years of follow-up. METHODS: From September 2004 to November 2006, 172 @entity1 underwent percutaneous nucleoplasty for chronic @entity1643 in our department. Forty-one of these @entity1 were followed up for a mean period of 67 months. Nucleoplasty was performed at L3/4 in 1 @entity1 ; L4/5 in 25 @entity1 ; L5/S1 in 2 @entity1 ; L3/4 and L4/5 in 2 @entity1 ; L4/5 and L5/S1 in 7 @entity1 ; and L3/4, L4/5, and L5/S1 in 4 @entity1 . @entity1 were assessed preoperatively and at 1 week, 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years postoperatively. @entity158 was graded using a 10-cm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the percentage reduction in @entity158 score was calculated at each postoperative time point. The @entity717 Index (ODI) was used to assess disability-related to lumbar spine degeneration, and @entity1 satisfaction was assessed using the modified MacNab criteria. RESULTS: There were significant differences among the preoperative, 1-week postoperative, and 3-year postoperative VAS and ODI scores, but not between the 3- and 5-year postoperative scores. There were no significant differences in age, sex, or preoperative symptoms between @entity1 with effective and ineffective treatment, but there were significant differences in the number of levels treated, Pfirrmann grade of @entity1797 , and provocative discography findings between these two groups. Excellent or good @entity1 satisfaction was achieved in 87.9% of @entity1 after 1 week, 72.4% after 1 year, 67.7% after 3 years, and 63.4% at the last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Although previously published short- and medium-term outcomes after percutaneous nucleoplasty appeared to be satisfactory, our long-term follow-up results show a significant decline in @entity1 satisfaction over time. Percutaneous nucleoplasty is a safe and simple technique, with therapeutic effectiveness for the treatment of chronic @entity1643 in selected @entity1 . The technique is minimally invasive and can be used as part of a stepwise treatment plan for chronic @entity1643 .

title: Percutaneous Nucleoplasty Using Coblation Technique for the Treatment of Chronic Nonspecific Low Back XXXX : 5-year Follow-up Results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain', 'LBP']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['intervertebral disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the evidence regarding the effect of time of gluten introduction and breastfeeding on the risk of developing @entity1593 ( @entity1593 ). STUDY DESIGN: We included randomized controlled trials and observational studies evaluating the proper timing for introducing gluten to the @entity1 diet, the appropriate quantity of gluten consumption at weaning, and the effect of breastfeeding on @entity1593 risk. Studies were located through the electronic databases Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), and System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe (SIGLE). Two independent authors collected the data. RESULTS: A total of 1982 studies were identified, 15 of which were eligible for data extraction. A meta-analysis was performed on 2 randomized controlled trials, 10 cohort studies, and 1 case-control study. There was a 25% increase in @entity1593 risk with late (>6  months) vs recommended (4-6  months) gluten introduction (risk ratio [RR], 1.25; 95% CI, 1.08-1.45). There was no significant effect of breastfeeding vs no breastfeeding on @entity1593 risk (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.28-1.10), with substantial heterogeneity (I(2)  =  92%) among studies. CONCLUSION: There is currently no evidence to support that early introduction of gluten to the @entity1 diet increases the risk of @entity1593 ; however, late introduction of gluten may be associated with increased risk of @entity1593 . More studies are needed that control for potential confounders and that evaluate environmental factors in low-risk families.

title: Gluten Introduction to XXXX Feeding and Risk of Celiac Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'celiac disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Infant']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There is growing evidence for a gut-brain connection associated with @entity72 ( @entity72 ). This suggests a potential benefit from introduced digestive enzymes for @entity1 with @entity2438 . METHODS: We performed a double-blind, randomized clinical trial on 101 @entity1 with @entity2438 (82 @entity1 and 19 @entity1 ) aged from 3 to 9 years. @entity2438 @entity1 were diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 4th edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR) diagnostic criteria. Structured interviews of at least one hour each both with the parents and the @entity1 were performed. Later on, another two hours-session was conducted applying the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). @entity2438 @entity1 were randomized to receive digestive enzymes or placebo. RESULTS: The @entity2438 group receiving digestive enzyme therapy for 3 months had significant improvement in emotional response, general impression autistic score, general behavior and gastrointestinal symptoms. Our study demonstrated the usefulness of digestive enzyme in our population of @entity2438 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Digestive enzymes are inexpensive, readily available, have an excellent safety profile, and have mildly beneficial effects in @entity2438 @entity1 . Depending on the parameter measured in our study, we propose digestive enzymes for managing symptoms of @entity2438 . Digestive enzyme therapy may be a possible option in treatment protocols for @entity2438 in the future.

title: A Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial of Digestive Enzymes in XXXX with @entity72 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASDs', 'autism spectrum disorders']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: Donor-derived @entity364 can be associated with severe complications in transplant recipients. Donor-derived @entity7553 has been described in kidney transplant recipients where contamination of the preservation fluid (PF) was a commonly proposed source. In liver transplantation, these @entity364 have been less explored. The aim of this study was therefore to determine the incidence and clinical relevance of Candida contamination of preservation fluid in the context of liver transplantation. A 5-year (2008-2012) retrospective multicentre study involving six French liver transplantation centers was performed to determine the incidence of Candida PF contamination. Postoperative clinical features, outcomes in recipients, and risk factors for Candida-related complications of liver transplantation were studied. Candida sp. was isolated from 28 of 2107 preservation fluid samples (1.33%). @entity5132 was the most common @entity375 (n  =  18, 64%). Twenty-two recipients (78.5%) received antifungal therapy (echinocandins in 68%) for 7-37  days. Eight @entity1 developed @entity375 -related complications (28.6%) including hepatic @entity438 (n  =  6) and @entity298 (n  =  2). The 1-year mortality rate among @entity1 after a @entity375 -related complication was 62.5%. The incidence of Candida PF contamination was low, but was associated with @entity260 and high mortality. Close radiological follow-up may enable early recognition of the arterial complications associated with PF contamination by Candida.

title: XXXX after Candida preservation fluid contamination in liver transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['dramatic postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity7553 :: ('MESH:D002177', 'Disease') :: ['candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['Candida peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['artery aneurysms']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['Fungal complications']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity306 ( @entity306 ) and @entity508 are often managed with intrathecal @entity1772 treatment (ITB). Complications of ITB include @entity281 at the pump or catheter site and late complications as well as revisions of the pump and catheter because of events such as battery expiration or implant malfunction. The goal of this study is to report the short-term and long-term incidence, risk factors, and treatment outcomes of @entity281 in @entity1 . METHODS: This was a retrospective review of 294 @entity1 with @entity306 . The number of ITB surgeries per @entity1 , risk of @entity281 for primary and secondary ITB-related procedures, microorganisms responsible, and associated factors, such as concurrent orthopaedic interventions, medical comorbidities, and subsequent management of ITB-related @entity281 , were evaluated. RESULTS: Infection occurred in 28/294 @entity1 (9.5%) with a 4.9% rate per procedure. There were 14 acute (within 90 d of surgery) and 14 late @entity281 . The @entity281 risk per ITB procedure was 2.4%. Risk of late @entity281 over 5-year mean follow-up was 0.95% per year. Pump removal with acute contralateral implantation was the most successful treatment of @entity281 . Gross Motor Function Classification System level V and G-tube were the main risk factors for @entity281 . A total of 133 concurrent orthopaedic procedures were performed during 277 ITB procedures with no increased risk of @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: ITB in @entity1 with @entity306 has a relatively low and manageable risk of @entity281 . It is important to always consider @entity281 as a complication with ITB because with prompt treatment the positive impact of ITB is still possible. It is safe to perform concurrent orthopaedic procedures with ITB procedures. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE: Level III-therapeutic study.

title: Infection as a Complication of Intrathecal @entity1772 Treatment in XXXX With @entity306 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['ITB infections', 'infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['baclofen']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy', 'CP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5145 ( @entity5145 ) is one of the major complications in @entity1 undergoing long-term hemodialysis. To the best of our knowledge, an @entity7181 occurring at the level of preexisting cervical @entity5145 has not been well described in the literature. We report a unique case of @entity1688 caused by an @entity7181 occurring at the same level of preexisting cervical @entity5145 . CASE PRESENTATION: A 49-year-old @entity1 was transferred to our emergency department with 5  days of @entity295 , @entity1032 , and @entity1688 below the C5 level. The @entity1 had a medical history of hemodialysis for 10  years. Magnetic resonance imaging showed @entity1745 by an @entity7181 at the level of preexisting cervical @entity5145 . Blood culture revealed @entity3256 -sensitive @entity794 . Infection of the arteriovenous (AV) shunt was considered as the primary focus of @entity295 and @entity1511 . We performed an emergent open door laminoplasty and the vascular team debrided the infected AV shunt site. Approximately 8  months after surgery, the @entity1 was able to perform activities of daily living somewhat independently. CONCLUSIONS: Emergent surgical decompression and intensive medical care led to successful recovery from a septic and quadriplegic state in this @entity1 . When diagnosing a @entity1 who has undergone long-term hemodialysis presenting with @entity51 , the possibility of @entity1511 at the same level as @entity5145 should be considered.

title: XXXX caused by an @entity7181 occurring at the same level of cervical @entity5145 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['quadriplegia']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['drowsy mental status']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['infectious spondylitis', 'pyogenic spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity5145 :: ('MESH:D025242', 'Disease') :: ['DSA', 'Destructive spondyloarthropathy']

entities_list: @entity7181 :: ('MESH:D020802', 'Disease') :: ['epidural abscess']

answer: @entity1688 :: (MESH:D011782,Disease) :: ['Quadriplegia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the analgesic efficacy and the opioid-sparing effect of oral @entity13586 compared with intramuscular (IM) @entity7988 in tonsillectomy. METHODS: Seventy-seven adult @entity1 were randomized into 2 groups: group R (n = 39), which received a single oral preoperative dose of @entity13586 50 mg, and group K (n = 38), which received 2 IM doses of @entity7988 100 mg (before surgery and after 12 hours). In both groups, additional IM @entity6882 1 mg/kg was given. All @entity1 received general anesthesia. A @entity158 score (visual analog scale, 0 to 100) was assessed both at rest and during swallowing at 30 minutes and at 4, 8, 12, 16, and 24 hours after operation. If the @entity158 score exceeded 40, @entity1 were given @entity6882 as rescue analgesia. RESULTS: The @entity158 scores during rest and swallowing in group R were significantly lower (p < .05) than those of group K at 4, 8, and 12 hours after operation. @entity6882 was given as rescue medication in significantly more @entity1 of group K (76%) than of group R (38%; p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Oral premedication with @entity13586 seems to be more effective than use of @entity7988 in decreasing @entity282 and the need for opioid rescue medication after elective tonsillectomy. Both drugs seem to be relatively safe as far as @entity86 is concerned.

title: Preoperative administration of XXXX versus @entity7988 for @entity158 relief after tonsillectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7988 :: ('MESH:D007660', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoprofen']

entities_list: @entity13586 :: ('MESH:C116926', 'Chemical') :: ['rofecoxib']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['Meperidine', 'meperidine', 'meperidine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity13586 :: (MESH:C116926,Chemical) :: ['rofecoxib']


abstract: 50 @entity1 (mean age 53.8 +/- 9.2 years) were studied at 1.5 to 2 months (U1), 12 months (U2) and 24 months (U3) after acute @entity583 . Late potentials were registered at the body surface using the signal-averaging technique and a digital Butterworth filter with high pass cut-off frequencies DC, 25, 50, 100 Hz and a low pass cut-off frequency 300 Hz, 18 db/octave, and a 24-hour ECG was recorded. All @entity1 underwent coronary angiography at U1. Late potentials were found at least once during the observation period in 56% of @entity1 , and 18% of @entity1 demonstrated late potentials at all three examinations but up to 38% at one of the three examinations. Complex @entity591 (Lown class IV) were found at least once in 48% of @entity1 and at all three examinations in 18% but up to 38% at one of the three examinations. Only four @entity1 demonstrated late potentials and complex @entity591 at all three examination dates. In contrast, 36% of @entity1 showed neither late potentials nor complex @entity591 at all three examinations. When late potentials and complex @entity943 were present simultaneously, the former were most often detected at the cut-off frequencies DC, 25 to 300 Hz (p less than 0.05). The median of the duration of late potentials was significantly longer at @entity68831 when complex @entity943 were also present. There was a significant relation between late potentials and complex @entity943 at @entity68831 (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.025) and between the latter and disorders of regional wall motion at all examination dates (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Follow-up of late potentials and complex XXXX following @entity583 over a 2-year period].

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['tachycardiac arrhythmias']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) lobectomy is increasingly accepted for the management of early-stage @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), but its role for locally advanced @entity5 has not been as well characterized. We compared outcomes of @entity1 who received induction therapy followed by lobectomy, via VATS or thoracotomy. METHODS: Perioperative complications and long-term survival of all @entity1 with @entity1149 who received @entity7730 ( @entity7730 ) (with or without induction radiation therapy) followed by lobectomy from 1996-2012 were assessed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard analysis. Propensity score-matched comparisons were used to assess the potential impact of selection bias. RESULTS: From 1996 to 2012, 272 @entity1 met inclusion criteria and underwent lobectomy after @entity7730 : 69 (25%) by VATS and 203 (75%) by thoracotomy. An 'intent-to-treat' analysis was performed. Compared with thoracotomy @entity1 , VATS @entity1 had a higher clinical stage, were older, had greater body mass index, and were more likely to have @entity301 and @entity1030 . Induction radiation was used more commonly in thoracotomy @entity1 [VATS 28% (n = 19) vs open 72% (n = 146), P < 0.001]. Thirty-day mortality was similar between the VATS [3% (n = 2)] and open [4% (n = 8)] groups (P = 0.69). Seven (10%) of the VATS cases were converted to thoracotomy due to difficulty in dissection from fibrotic tissue and adhesions (n = 5) or @entity548 (n = 2); none of these conversions led to perioperative @entity204 . In univariate analysis, VATS @entity1 had improved 3-year survival compared with thoracotomy (61% vs 43%, P = 0.010). In multivariable analysis, the VATS approach showed a trend towards improved survival, but this did not reach statistical significance (hazard ratio, 0.56; 95% confidence interval, 0.32-1.01; P = 0.053). Moreover, a propensity score-matched analysis balancing @entity1 characteristics demonstrated that the VATS approach had similar survival to an open approach (P = 0.56). CONCLUSIONS: VATS lobectomy in @entity1 treated with induction therapy for locally advanced @entity1149 is feasible and effective and does not appear to compromise oncologic outcomes.

title: Long-term survival following open versus thoracoscopic lobectomy after preoperative chemotherapy for XXXX   .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity7730 :: ('MESH:D064146', 'Disease') :: ['ICT', 'induction chemotherapy']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: A number of studies demonstrate the positive benefits of exercise for @entity1 with @entity161 and @entity914 ; however the exercise program variables resulting in these positive effects have not been evaluated. Therefore the aim of this systematic review was to describe the aerobic exercise program variables used in randomized controlled trials reporting the positive effect of exercise in the treatment of @entity161 or @entity914 . Studies were analyzed for exercise frequency, intensity, session duration, exercise type, intervention duration, delivery of exercise, and level and quality of supervision and adherence. Study quality was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. Three studies met the inclusion criteria. In general, exercise intervention variables are reported poorly. We find that aerobic exercise including treadmill walking and cycle exercise undertaken as a supervised group intervention lasting 30 to 40 min per session and undertaken 3 times weekly at moderate intensity appears to be valuable for @entity1 with @entity161 or @entity914 . Interventions ranged from 10 to 16 wk. No adverse events were reported in the included studies. Evidence suggests that aerobic exercise is safe and beneficial for @entity1 with @entity161 or @entity914 .

title: A systematic review of the aerobic exercise program variables for @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorders', 'schizoaffective disorder']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective. To evaluate the role of preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and absolute neutrophil count (ANC) in @entity1 ' prognosis with localized @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). Methods. Data from 218 localized @entity1358 @entity1 (T1-3 N0/+ M0), operated between 1991 and 2011 at two centers, were evaluated retrospectively. Univariable and multivariable analyses using the Cox regression model were performed to determine the associations of NLR and ANC with @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). Prognostic accuracy was evaluated with the Harrell concordance index. Results. The 5-year @entity1349 rate was 87.0%. Multivariable analysis identified increased NLR (>= 3.6) and ANC (>= 5300/ L) as independent prognostic factors for @entity1349 (hazard ratio (HR) = 4.01, P = 0.018) and (HR = 4.71, P = 0.045). The final model built by the addition of NLR or ANC improved predictive accuracy (c-index: 0.824, 0.842) compared with the clinicopathological base model (c-index: 0.800), which included TNM stage and tumor @entity39 . Conclusions. The NLR and ANC appear to be independent prognostic factors for @entity1349 after surgery for localized @entity1358 . They significantly increase the accuracy of established prognostic factors. Therefore, we recommend adding NLR and ANC to traditional prognostic model, which may improve its predictive accuracy.

title: Preoperative Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Neutrophilia Are Independent Predictors of Recurrence in XXXX with Localized @entity1358 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['papillary renal cell carcinoma', 'pRCC']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'recurrence-free survival']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Skin microcirculation and skin temperature of 10 healthy subjects (6 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 , 20-44 yr of age) without any @entity455 were registered when a thermoindifferent tap water iontophoresis was applied. The aim of this controlled study was to evaluate the development of @entity272 after the intake of 500 mg of @entity117 ( @entity1281 ). The measurement was conducted by laser-Doppler flowmetry on the proximal forearm. The skin temperature was measured before and after the treatment by an infrared thermometer. In all @entity1 there was an intense erythema on the side of the cathode and only a modest one on the side of the anode. Without ASA preliminary treatment, the cutaneous flow showed an increase of 106% at the anodal side and that of 834% at the cathodal side (P < 0.001). After ending tap water iontophoresis, the skin temperature increased more on the cathode side than on the anode side (P < 0.001). After the intake of 500 mg ASA, the increase of the flow was 78% at the anode and 88% at the cathode. The comparison of the skin microcirculation did not show any differences at the anodal side when @entity117 was taken before, but a strong suppression of the @entity5105 at the cathodal side was observed after the intake of ASA. There is a direct influence of @entity117 on the induction of the @entity13624 caused by a @entity5105 . The intensity of the induced erythema correlates with the analgesic effects of constant current treatment. An attenuation of the electrotherapeutic analgesia is possible.

title: Reduced @entity272 during tap water iontophoresis after intake of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity5105 :: ('MESH:D004890', 'Disease') :: ['galvanic erythema']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity13624 :: ('MESH:D020078', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic inflammation']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cognitive theories of @entity308 and @entity148 have traditionally emphasized the role of attentional biases in the processing of negative information. The dot-probe task has been widely used to study this phenomenon. Recent findings suggest that biased processing of positive information might also be an important aspect of developing psychopathological symptoms. However, despite some evidence suggesting @entity1 with symptoms of @entity308 and @entity148 may avoid positive information, many dot-probe studies have produced null findings. The present review used conventional and novel meta-analytic methods to evaluate dot-probe attentional biases away from positive information and, for comparison, toward negative information, in @entity308 and anxious individuals. Results indicated that avoidance of positive information is a real effect exhibiting substantial evidential value among @entity1 experiencing psychopathology, with individuals evidencing primary symptoms of @entity308 clearly demonstrating this effect. Different theoretical explanations for these findings are evaluated, including those positing threat-processing structures, even-handedness, self-regulation, and reward devaluation, with the novel theory of reward devaluation emphasized and expanded. These novel findings and theory suggest that avoidance of prospective reward helps to explain the cause and sustainability of @entity308 states. Suggestions for future research and methodological advances are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record

title: Reward Devaluation: Dot-Probe Meta-Analytic Evidence of Avoidance of Positive Information in Depressed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Persons']


abstract: RATIONALE: There is a paucity of evidence regarding the role of tunneled pleural catheters in @entity1143 caused by @entity712 that is refractory to medical management. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of tunneled pleural catheter drainage for treatment of refractory @entity1143 associated with @entity712 , either when used alone or with concomitant talc pleurodesis performed during thoracoscopy. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study. We identified @entity1 with @entity712 and recurrent symptomatic @entity1143 who were treated between 2005 and 2015 by placement of a tunneled pleural catheter. @entity1 underwent either thoracoscopy followed by talc poudrage and pleural catheter placement (group 1) or catheter insertion alone (group 2). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Forthy-three catheters were inserted in 36 @entity1 , with 15 placed in group 1 and 28 in group 2. Successful pleurodesis was seen in 80% in group 1 and 25% in group 2. The median time of catheter placement was 11.5 days in group 1 and 66 days in group 2. There was a significant decrease in hospital admissions and pleural interventions after catheter placement compared with before insertion (P   <   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This single-center, retrospective study demonstrated the feasibility of catheter placement used alone or with talc poudrage for the treatment of refractory @entity1143 associated with @entity712 . The addition of talc poudrage might increase the pleurodesis rate and reduce the days to catheter removal in highly selected @entity1 . Prospective studies on a larger number of @entity1 are warranted to verify the safety and efficacy of this intervention.

title: Tunneled Pleural Catheter Placement with and without Talc Poudrage for Treatment of @entity1143 Due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Congestive Heart Failure']


abstract: The role of matrix metalloproteases and their regulation in the pathology of @entity5479 is still unclear. Recently we have demonstrated that incubation of keratinocytes with @entity3540 debris and granulation tissue extracts causes induction of gelatinase B ( @entity1495 , @entity1495 ) secretion in vitro. Antibodies against a variety of growth factors revealed some inhibitory effect on @entity1495 induction, caused by debris or granulation tissue extracts. In order to investigate the coherence of growth factor expression and matrix metalloproteinase activity in vivo in @entity5479 , we performed quantitative gelatin zymographic analysis with tissue homogenates of 37 @entity3540 and nine external ear canal skin (EACS) samples. Furthermore we quantified levels of the cytokines @entity1192 , @entity1356 , @entity310 , @entity2533 and EGF present in tissue extracts, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and correlated cytokine concentrations with gelatinolytic activities. Zymographic analysis revealed a highly heterogeneous expression of gelatinase A and B in @entity3540 specimens. As shown previously, @entity1495 , but not @entity1476 , was increased in @entity3540 when compared to EACS samples. ELISA studies revealed a significantly elevated @entity1192 level in @entity3540 . Regression analysis involving gelatinolytic activity and cytokine concentrations in tissue homogenates showed no statistically significant correlation between expression of gelatinases and the cytokines @entity1192 , @entity1356 , @entity310 , @entity2533 or EGF. The discrepancy between in vitro observations and the situation in vivo is discussed critically.

title: Up-regulation of matrix metalloprotease-9 in XXXX --correlations with growth factor expression in vivo?

entities_list: @entity5479 :: ('MESH:D018424', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-9', 'matrix metalloproteinase-9']

answer: @entity5479 :: (MESH:D018424,Disease) :: ['middle ear cholesteatoma']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to examine the perception of @entity1643 care and consequences according to what Deyo refers to as seven "myths" about @entity615 , in the Norwegian population. METHODS: In spring 2001, seven questions, corresponding to Deyo's myths, were included in an opinion poll (telephone interviews) of a representative sample (n=1015) of the Norwegian population. RESULTS: In total, 41% of the population held that 'If you have a slipped disc you must have surgery'. Approximately 50% believed that 'X-ray and newer imaging tests can always identify the cause of @entity158 is caused by injury and heavy lifting'. Almost 60% agreed that 'Everyone with @entity615 should have a spine X-ray'. However, only one-quarter believed that 'If your back hurts, you should take it easy until the @entity158 goes away', and approximately one-fifth believed that 'Back @entity158 is usually disabling'. Only 12% believed that 'Bed rest is the mainstay of therapy'. More individuals in the lower- compared with the higher-educated groups believed in the myths. CONCLUSION: Information concerning current knowledge on healthcare and health consequences of @entity1643 had reached only a small part of the general population. The most important factor for lack of knowledge was education. Developing effective methods to promote adequate self-care and treatment and reduce the risk of chronicity of @entity1643 in the lower-educated groups should be a top priority.

title: Are the "myths" of XXXX alive in the general Norwegian population?

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', "pain' and 'Most back pain"]

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A hallmark of @entity1 and experimental @entity712 is @entity1893 (SR) @entity9495 -uptake reflecting impaired contractile function. This is at least partially attributed to dephosphorylation of phospholamban by increased @entity13977 ( @entity13977 ) activity. Indeed inhibition of @entity13977 by transgenic overexpression or gene-transfer of constitutively active @entity23348 improved @entity9495 -cycling, preserved function and decreased @entity82 in small and large animal models of @entity712 , suggesting that @entity23348 may represent a potential therapeutic target. We recently identified a novel @entity1 polymorphism ( @entity68842 ) in the @entity23348 gene with a frequency of 7% in either normal or @entity712 @entity1 . @entity19 , harboring cardiac-specific expression of @entity68842 @entity23348 , exhibited decreases in contractility, @entity9495 -kinetics and SR @entity9495 -load. These depressive effects were relieved by @entity3044 stimulation. Furthermore, stress conditions (2Hz +/- @entity8670 ) induced increases in @entity9495 -sparks, @entity9495 -waves (60% of @entity68842 versus 20% in wild types) and after-contractions (76% of @entity68842 versus 23% of wild types) in mutant cardiomyocytes. Similar findings were obtained by acute expression of the @entity68842 variant in adult cardiomyocytes in the absence or presence of endogenous @entity23348 . The underlying mechanisms included reduced binding of mutant @entity23348 to @entity13977 , increased @entity13977 activity, and dephosphorylation of phospholamban at Ser16 and Thr17. However, phosphorylation of the @entity8452 receptor at Ser2808 was not altered while phosphorylation at Ser2814 was increased, consistent with increased activation of @entity9495 /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), promoting aberrant SR @entity9495 -release. Parallel in vivo studies revealed that mutant @entity19 developed @entity1540 (including bigeminy, trigeminy and @entity1165 ), when challenged with @entity3044 . Inhibition of CaMKII activity by @entity14374 prevented the increased propensity to @entity943 . These findings suggest that the @entity1 @entity68842 @entity23348 variant impairs SR @entity9495 -cycling and promotes arrhythmogenesis under stress conditions, which may present an additional insult in the compromised function of @entity712 carriers.

title: @entity1 XXXX - @entity23348 impairs cardiac function and promotes @entity943 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'Transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity13977 :: ('5464', 'Gene') :: ['PP1', 'protein phosphatase 1']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular ectopy and complex ventricular arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['deficient sarcoplasmic reticulum']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity68842 :: (p|SUB|G|109|E,ProteinMutation) :: ['G109E']


abstract: This longitudinal study was performed in order to clarify the effects of long-term antihypertensive medication on common carotid hemodynamics. A total of 84 @entity1 (54 males and 30 females), who had been receiving treatment with antihypertensive medications for 5 years, were enrolled in this study. The subjects' ages ranged from 62 to 74 (mean 67). They were divided into three groups: 40 were treated with diuretics only (Group D), 28 with @entity460 antagonists only (Group C), and 16 with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors only (Group A). Mean blood flow volume (BF) and circulation resistance (Z) at the common carotid artery were measured by an ultrasonic quantitative flow measurement system. Blood flow volume, Z, and @entity551 ( @entity551 ) were measured twice over a 5-year period in @entity1 and in 49 age-matched normal controls (Group N). Annual reductions in BF (delta BF) and @entity551 (delta @entity551 ), and annual increases in Z (delta Z) were calculated. Blood flow volume of Group D showed larger decreases than that of the other three groups. Circulation resistance of Group C showed smaller increases than that of Group N. Reductions of BF and Z of Group A were similar to those of Group N. Reductions of Z of Group C showed a significant correlation with delta @entity551 . These results indicate that @entity460 antagonists may have beneficial effects on common carotid hemodynamics in elderly @entity1 with essential @entity101 .

title: [Effects of long-term antihypertensive medication on common carotid hemodynamics in elderly XXXX with essential @entity101 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['MBP', 'mean blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: It is said that the prognosis is generally unfavorable in @entity1 with hypertensive @entity1779 showed extravasation on angiogram. Recently, we experienced a case whose prognosis was eventful after the removal of @entity1410 . So we reported this case and discussed between @entity988 and @entity1779 accompanied with extravasation on angiogram in this paper. A 59-year-old male was transferred to our emergency center because of right @entity1158 and mild clouding of consciousness at around nine in the evening on December 12, 1983. At the time of admission, his neurological state was classified into grade II, exhibiting the right putamenal @entity548 and pyramidal destruction type of @entity1410 by CT scan with 58 ml of @entity1410 volume. The right carotid angiography was immediately performed and confirmed the @entity1410 being of lateral type. At that time, extravasation proximal to the lateral lenticulostriate artery was noted. Repeated CT scan revealed the enlarged @entity1410 (105 ml) accompanying with @entity548 . At the completion of these examinations, the neurological grade was III. The @entity1410 was surgically removed after 4 hours following the onset of @entity1779 . His postoperative course was very favorable. Although acute @entity1276 appeared later on, it was cured by ventricular drainage. The @entity1 become possible to walk with a helper by 1 month after operation. CT scan obtained 1 month after operation revealed a remarkable @entity1010 , which was probably derived from chronic @entity988 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [A case favorably progressed after operation for hypertensive XXXX showed extravasation on angiogram occurred in chronic @entity988 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage', 'cerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']


abstract: @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ), frequently associated with @entity28 and @entity6 , is caused by the accumulation of excess @entity1718 within liver cells. @entity7609 (PA), a common saturated @entity844 found in mammals, induces the generation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) and elicits apoptotic cell death, known as lipotoxicity. However, protective mechanisms against PA-induced lipotoxicity have not been elucidated. In this study, we aimed to clarify the role of @entity10407 , an adapter protein in the autophagic process, as well as the @entity13791 ( @entity13791 )- @entity13792 ( @entity13792 ) pathway, in protecting cells from PA-induced lipotoxicity. The @entity13791 - @entity13792 pathway is essential for the protection of cells from oxidative stress. @entity10407 enhances its binding to @entity13792 and leads to @entity13791 activation. Here, we show that PA potentiates @entity13792 degradation and thereby activates the transcription of @entity13791 target genes partially through autophagy. Furthermore, this PA-mediated @entity13792 degradation depends on @entity10407 . Correspondingly, a lack of @entity10407 attenuates the PA-mediated @entity13791 activation and increases the susceptibility of cells to oxidative stress. These results indicate that @entity10407 plays an important role in protecting cells against lipotoxicity through @entity13792 degradation-mediated @entity13791 activation.

title: Concerted action of XXXX and @entity13791 protects cells from @entity7609 -induced lipotoxicity.

entities_list: @entity13792 :: ('9817', 'Gene') :: ['Keap1', 'Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity13791 :: ('4780', 'Gene') :: ['Nrf2', 'nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity7609 :: ('MESH:D019308', 'Chemical') :: ['Palmitic acid']

answer: @entity10407 :: (23636,Gene) :: ['p62']