abstract: PURPOSE: Resistance to topoisomerase (TOP) 1 and 2 inhibitors is a potentially important reason for treatment failure, and may be related, in part, to a down-regulation of the specific TOP target. Investigators in our laboratories previously noted such a down-regulation of the target, along with a reciprocal up-regulation of the alternate TOP. Therefore, sequencing TOP inhibitors may provide a means for overcoming resistance to the TOP I and II inhibitors. Furthermore, point mutations in TOP I, which confer resistance to TOP I inhibitors, were associated with collateral sensitivity to @entity900 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A dose escalating Phase I trial of @entity1945 (at doses of 0.75 to 1.0 mg/m(2)/day) on days 1 to 3 with @entity2879 (70-80 mg/m(2)/day) and @entity900 (20-25 mg/m(2)/day) on days 8 to 10. The timing of the drug sequence was based on the prior Phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of @entity9800 and @entity2879 , and the level of the TOP targets in peripheral blood monocytes. RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 (7 males and 8 females) received 40 courses of therapy across three dose levels. The median age was 56 (range, 39-77), and the median performance status was 1 (range, 0-2). The diagnoses included: @entity1149 (7), @entity135 (2), @entity5 of unknown primary (2), and 1 each of @entity43 , @entity263 , @entity356 , and @entity703 . Level 1 ( @entity1945 1.0 mg/m(2)/day; @entity2879 80 mg/m(2)/day; and @entity900 25 mg/m(2)/day) produced severe and @entity1398 in the first @entity1 treated, and the subsequent @entity1 were then entered onto a reduced dose level (cohort 2: @entity1945 0.75 mg/m(2)/day; @entity2879 70 mg/m(2)/day; and @entity900 20 mg/m(2)/day). Three of 6 @entity1 on cohort 2 experienced grade IV @entity1398 >5 days, and a decision was then made to add filgrastim at 5 micro g/kg rather than additionally reduce the dosages (cohort 3). Eight @entity1 were then treated on cohort 3, and 1 of the 8 @entity1 experienced a grade 4 @entity1398 . Thus, cohort level three was considered the recommended dose for Phase II studies. Twelve of the 15 @entity1 had disease assessable for response to therapy. Seven achieved stable disease for >/==" BORDER="0">2 months, whereas 5 showed continued progression of their disease. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that sequencing TOP 1 and 2 inhibitors is feasible, and @entity1945 0.75 mg/m(2)/day days 1-3; @entity2879 70 mg/m(2)/day days 8-10; and @entity900 20 mg/m(2)/day days 8-10 with filgrastim at 5 micro g/kg is an appropriate dose and schedule to test the concept of modulating TOP levels by sequencing the administration of the respective TOP inhibitors.

title: Sequencing @entity1945 and @entity2879 plus XXXX to overcome topoisomerase I and II resistance: a pharmacodynamically based Phase I trial.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'prolonged febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity9800 :: ('MESH:D002166', 'Chemical') :: ['camptothecin']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1945 :: ('MESH:D019772', 'Chemical') :: ['topotecan']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancer']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 are surrounded and infiltrated by a variety of stromal cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and vascular endothelial cells, which interact with malignant cells to generate the @entity5 microenvironment (TME). This complex environment is thought to be regulated by the @entity5 in order to promote its survival and progression and thus constitutes a potential target for @entity5 therapy. However, intercellular communication within the microenvironment is not yet well understood. The current study investigates the mechanism by which @entity5 and immune cells communicate using an in vitro coculture model. It is demonstrated that @entity650 , a proinflammatory cytokine, secreted by immune cells promotes @entity14 cell invasiveness. In addition, in the presence of @entity650 , the @entity5 cells were able to secrete circulating miRNAs @entity10017 and @entity15702 to further induce immune cell @entity650 production. Activated immune cells were also found to release @entity10017 into the TME. Taken together, these mechanistic findings provide a better understanding of intercellular communication between immune and @entity5 cells in the TME and offer insight into some of the key players that mediate this cross-talk. IMPLICATIONS: This study demonstrates that @entity5 and immune cells communicate via @entity650 and circulating miRNAs to sustain chronic @entity32 and promote prometastatic @entity5 cell behavior. In addition, critical players are identified that mediate intercellular communication in the TME and suggest possible therapeutic approaches that target the microenvironment. Mol Cancer Res; 13(11); 1-7.   2015 AACR.

title: XXXX Mediates Immune and @entity14 Cell Cross-talk via @entity10017 and @entity15702 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cocultured cancer', 'tumor', 'Tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity650 :: (3569,Gene) :: ['IL6']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the efficacy of multicomponent treatment of @entity239 ( @entity239 ). METHODS: We screened Medline, PsychINFO, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library (through December 2007), as well as reference sections of original studies, reviews, and evidence-based guidelines. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the multicomponent treatment (at least 1 educational or other psychological therapy with at least 1 exercise therapy) of @entity239 were analyzed. RESULTS: We included 9 (of 14) RCTs with 1,119 subjects (median treatment time 24 hours) in the meta-analysis. Effects were summarized using standardized mean differences (SMDs) or @entity353 ( @entity353 ). There was strong evidence that multicomponent treatment reduces @entity158 ( @entity7126 -0.37; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] -0.62, -0.13), fatigue (WMD -0.85; 95% CI -1.50, -0.20), @entity308 ( @entity7126 -0.67; 95% CI -1.08, -0.26), and limitations to health-related quality of life (HRQOL) ( @entity7126 -0.59; 95% CI -0.90, -0.27) and improves self-efficacy @entity158 ( @entity7126 0.54; 95% CI 0.26, 0.82) and physical fitness ( @entity7126 0.30; 95% CI 0.02, 0.57) at posttreatment. There was no evidence of its efficacy on @entity2531 , @entity308 , HRQOL, or self-efficacy @entity158 in the long term. There was strong evidence that positive effects on physical fitness ( @entity7126 0.30; 95% CI 0.09, 0.51) can be maintained in the long term (median followup 7 months). CONCLUSIONS: There is strong evidence that multicomponent treatment has beneficial short-term effects on the key symptoms of @entity239 . Strategies to maintain the benefits of multicomponent treatment in the long term need to be developed.

title: Efficacy of multicomponent treatment in XXXX : a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia syndrome', 'FMS']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['WMDs', 'weighted mean differences']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances']

answer: @entity239 :: (MESH:D005356,Disease) :: ['fibromyalgia syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND:: @entity137 with @entity1712 and systemic symptoms is a severe adverse @entity137 , with a reported mortality of 10%. Long-term outcomes involve @entity881 and @entity792 in some populations. OBJECTIVE:: To evaluate the clinical prognosis of @entity1 with @entity137 with @entity1712 and systemic symptoms. METHODS:: We conducted a retrospective review at a referral hospital in Mexico City in a period of 22 years (1992-2013), looking up for records with diagnosis of DRESS according to RegiSCAR criteria. Clinical characteristics, organ failures, culprit drugs, treatment, and short and long-term sequelae were analyzed. RESULTS:: We found 11 @entity1 with diagnosis of @entity137 with @entity1712 and @entity16 , 7 female and 4 male, with a median age of 22 years-old; 9 had maculopapular rash and 2 were erythrodermic. Affected organs were liver (8/11), kidney (6/11) and @entity1503 (8/11). The most common culprit drugs were antiepileptic (63%). Systemic @entity288 were given to 8 @entity1 , being @entity2885 (1/8) and @entity55 (2/8) the adverse events of this therapy. Long-term sequelae were 1 @entity1 with @entity177 , 1 @entity1 with @entity417 ; and 2 @entity1 developed @entity792 (one @entity1669 and another one with @entity1669 and @entity5506 ). Study limitations: The retrospective nature of the study and the limited number of @entity1 with @entity137 with @entity1712 and systemic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS:: @entity137 with @entity1712 and @entity16 has been linked to the development of chronic organ failure. We found two young @entity1 who developed @entity792 in the short term. @entity1 with @entity137 with @entity1712 and systemic symptoms should have a long-term monitoring for signs or symptoms suggestive of an @entity792 .

title: @entity137 with @entity1712 and systemic symptoms (DRESS) and its relation with XXXX in a reference center in Mexico.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Drug reaction', 'drug reaction']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['chronic anemia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroid disease']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['systemic symptoms syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity5506 :: ('MESH:D000744', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['organic failure']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease', 'autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmunity']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of landiolol hydrochloride, a newly developed ultra-short-acting b1-selective blocker, for @entity86 after esophagectomy. METHODOLOGY: In total 231 @entity1 underwent transthoracic esophagectomy at the Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine from 2007 to 2012. Twenty-four @entity1 who were treated with either landiolol hydrochloride (n = 11) or conventional agents (combination of @entity460 channel blocker and digitalis preparation; control group, n = 13) for @entity86 after transthoracic esophagectomy were retrospectively analyzed. @entity591 was defined as a heart rate of >120 bpm or @entity955 . Hemodynamic changes, conversion rates, and adverse events were evaluated. RESULTS: The reduction in the heart rate at 1 h after medication was seen significantly more frequent in the @entity23893 group than in the control group. The time to conversion to sinus rhythm was also significantly shorter in the @entity23893 group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in blood pressure either before or after the medication. One @entity1 in the @entity23893 group showed @entity551 and @entity1168 , without serious consequences. CONCLUSIONS: Landiolol hydrochloride can be effectively and safely used in @entity1 who develop @entity591 after esophagectomy.

title: Effect of landiolol hydrochloride on XXXX after esophagectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmia', 'Tachyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative tachyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity23893 :: ('MESH:C077049', 'Chemical') :: ['landiolol']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['tachyarrhythmia']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity68058 is a @entity9800 -polymer conjugate prepared by linking @entity9800 ( @entity1191 ) to a hydrophilic, cyclodextrin-based, linear polymer through @entity13507 bonds. In previous studies, these polymer conjugates with high molecular weights (ca 90 kDa) have shown significant antitumor effects against @entity1 @entity694 xenografts. The pharmacokinetics of @entity68058 in plasma of @entity35 and its biodistribution in @entity19 bearing @entity1 LS174T @entity694 is reported here. METHODS: @entity35 were injected intravenously with three different doses of @entity68058 . Serial plasma samples were analyzed for polymer-bound and unconjugated @entity1191 by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Concentration vs time data were modeled using non-compartmentalized methods and compared to @entity1191 alone injected intravenously at an equivalent dose. Tumor-bearing @entity19 were injected intravenously with @entity68058 and intraperitoneally with @entity1191 alone, and sacrificed after 24 and 48 h, and serum, heart, liver, spleen, lungs and @entity5 collected. Tissue samples were extracted and analyzed for polymer-bound and unconjugated @entity1191 by HPLC. RESULTS: Plasma concentrations and the area under the curve for polymer-bound @entity1191 are approximately 100-fold higher than those of unconjugated @entity1191 or @entity1191 alone, injected intravenously at an equivalent dose. The plasma half-life of @entity68058 ranges from 17 -20 h and is significantly greater than that of @entity1191 alone (1.3 h). When @entity1191 is conjugated to polymer, the biodistribution pattern of @entity1191 is different from that taken alone. At 24 h post injection, the total @entity1191 per gram of tissue is the highest in @entity5 tissue when compared to all other tissues tested. Tumor concentrations of active @entity1191 released from the conjugate are more than 160-fold higher when administered as a polymer conjugate rather than as @entity1191 alone. CONCLUSIONS: The studies presented here indicate that intravenous administration of @entity68058 , a cyclodextrin based polymer- @entity1191 conjugate, gives prolonged plasma half-life and enhanced distribution to @entity5 tissue when compared to @entity1191 alone. The data also show that active @entity1191 is released from the conjugate within the @entity5 for an extended period of time. These effects likely play a significant role in the enhanced antitumor activity of @entity68058 when compared to @entity1191 alone or @entity2600 .

title: Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of the @entity9800 -polymer conjugate @entity68058 in @entity35 and XXXX -bearing @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma', 'colon carcinoma tumors']

entities_list: @entity9800 :: ('MESH:D002166', 'Chemical') :: ['camptothecin']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: The effects of @entity5611 intercalation on chromatin structure were monitored by viscometry and analysis of histone dissociation. Investigation of the @entity1219 concentration dependence of chromatin viscosity showed that the reduced viscosity (etared) was very low up to 0.4 M @entity1219 and increased gradually when the salt concentration was raised further. In chromatin intercalated by @entity5611 , etared was not significantly different at low salt concentrations (up to 0.2 M @entity1219 ). However, when the salt concentration was raised further, the viscosity response curve increased sharply to reach viscosities about 4-5 times higher than those for nonintercalated chromatin. The increase in viscosity was proportional to the increase in fluorescence intensity, when the ratio of @entity5611 to DNA mucleotide was raised. The transition of intercalated chromatin into the relaxed form was reversible, dependent on the nature of the electrolyte and cooperative, as indicated by the small increase in salt concentration required to obtain chromatin relaxation. Investigation of the @entity1219 concentration dependence of histone dissociation revealed that total histones and each individual histone fraction were released from intercalated chromatin at much reduced @entity1219 concentrations. The midpoints of the dissociation curves of the individual histones ranged from 0.30 to 0.45 M @entity1219 and fell within the same range where the drastic viscosity change occurred. These results indicate that intercalation of @entity5611 labilizes chromatin structure to relaxation by moderately elevated salt concentrations. It is suggested that the labilization is caused by changes in the DNA helix conformation due to dye intercalation decreasing the stability of histone-DNA interactions.

title: Relaxation of chromatin structure by XXXX binding: determined by viscometry and histone dissociation studies.

entities_list: @entity5611 :: ('MESH:D004996', 'Chemical') :: ['ethidium bromide']

answer: @entity5611 :: (MESH:D004996,Chemical) :: ['ethidium bromide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To access the production of a novel uterine luminal fluid 250 kD protein (ULF-250) during the various phases of the estrous cycle in relation to @entity172 concentration, and to validate that the production and secretion of ULF-250 are regulated by @entity53 and @entity1420 . METHODS: An immunohistochemical method was used to localize ULF-250 in @entity35 uteri during each phase of the estrous cycle, and in uteri of ovariectomized @entity35 treated with @entity53 and @entity1420 . RESULTS: Positive immunostaining of ULF-250 occurred in the epithelial cells of the uterus at all phases of the estrous cycle; whereas the stroma was immunonegative. During the proestrus phase of the cycle, the glandular epithelial cells and glandular luminal content were stained strongly. During the estrus phase of the cycle, intense staining occurred in the glandular and uterine luminal epithelial cells, including the luminal content of the glands. In the metestrus phase of the cycle, only uterine epithelial cells were stained; during the diestrus phase, intense staining of the secreted contents of the uterine cavity and the glandular lumen occurred. The distribution of ULF-250 in the uteri of ovariectomized female @entity35 treated with @entity53 alone and @entity53 plus @entity1420 were examined. In both groups, intense staining of the glandular luminal epithelial cells of the uterine endometrium occurred; in the @entity53 -treated animals, only the luminal contents were stained. The present findings suggest that @entity1420 inhibits the secretion of ULF-250 that is stimulated by @entity53 . CONCLUSIONS: ULF-250 is produced by the glandular and luminal epithelial cells of the uterine endometrium and fluctuates with the phases of the estrous cycle. Its production is stimulated by @entity53 and its secretion is regulated by @entity1420 .

title: Immunolocalization of uterine luminal fluid protein (ULF-250) in XXXX uterus.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3546 plays a crucial role in the progression of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and a prognostic role of in @entity0 @entity1 has been widely reported. However, controversy still remains. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Identical search strategies were used to search relevant literature in electronic databases updated to July 1, 2014. Individual hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted and pooled HRs with 95%CIs were used to evaluate the strength of association between positive @entity3546 expression in different subcellular locations and survival results of @entity0 @entity1 . Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed to explore heterogeneity. Funnel plots of Begg's and Egger's linear regression test were used to investigate publication bias. Heterogeneity and sensitivity were also assessed. All the work was completed using STATA. RESULTS: A total of 2,204 @entity1 from 12 evaluative studies were finally included. Pooled HRs and 95%CIs suggested that @entity3546 expression in cytoplasm/nucleus had an unfavorable impact on both @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) (HR: 1.93, 95%CI: 1.40-2.65) and disease free survival (DFS)/ @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) (HR: 1.60, 95%CI: 1.20-2.13) in @entity0 @entity1 . However, here was no significant association between @entity3546 expression in the membranes with @entity1349 (HR: 0.65, 95%CI: 0.42-1.02) or DFS/ @entity1349 (HR: 0.66, 95%CI: 0.38-1.13). Publication bias was absent in all of the four outcomes. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the results of this meta-analysis were robust. CONCLUSIONS: Positive @entity3546 expression in cytoplasm/nucleus rather than in membrane is a significant prognostic factor in @entity1 with @entity0 who have been surgically treated.

title: Prognostic Value of XXXX Expression in @entity0 @entity1 : a Meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'recurrent free survival', 'overall survival', 'RFS']

answer: @entity3546 :: (1499,Gene) :: ['b-catenin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study which is a retrospective chart review aims to characterize the comorbidities associated with adult @entity850 and evaluate the relationship of these with @entity850 grade, length, surgical interventions, and surgical intervals. @entity1 ' demographics, medical and surgical comorbidities, grade of @entity850 , quantity and degree of balloon dilations, dilation intervals, open airway procedures, and tracheotomy status were recorded from 2002 to 2012, at a tertiary voice and airway center. Surgical outcomes were evaluated in relation to @entity1 comorbidities, @entity850 quality, and surgical procedures. A total of 101 @entity1 with @entity850 were examined with female @entity1 comprising 71  % of the population. Seventeen @entity1 (16.8  %) had idiopathic @entity850 . Number of balloon dilations ranged from 0 to 24 (mean  =  3.3). The average time between dilations was 38.4  weeks (range  =  1.14-215.8  weeks). The @entity1 with idiopathic @entity850 were found to have a lower grade (p  =  0.0066). Fifty-two @entity1 (51.5  %) received a tracheotomy at one point during their management. The 14 @entity1 (13.9  %) who remained tracheotomy dependent had a body mass index (BMI) of >30. No statistically significant correlation was found when the @entity1 ' age, BMI and comorbidites were compared with the grade of @entity850 , number of balloon dilatations needed and other surgical interventions. On the other hand, interval in between surgeries was found to be longer in @entity1 without an intubation history, and in idiopathic @entity9313 (p  =  0.004, p  =  0.015, respectively). There was no significant relationship between surgical interval and gender, BMI, length of @entity850 , grade (p  =  0.059, p  =  0.47, p  =  0.97, p  =  0.36, respectively). Airway @entity850 in adults is complicated by the presence of multiple comorbidities. Better understanding of the etiology could aid in the prevention of the injury before it forms.

title: Comorbidities and factors associated with endoscopic surgical outcomes in adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['laryngotracheal stenosis', 'stenosis']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['laryngotracheal stenosis']


abstract: 1. Tumour @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity1505 ) is a cytokine that is implicated in the pathogenesis of ischaemic states and @entity731 . We tested the hypothesis that the vasoprotective effects of the @entity2931 may be mediated in vivo by inhibition of the formation of @entity1505 . 2. Anaesthetized @entity35 , subjected to total occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery and the coeliac trunk for 45 min developed a severe @entity1457 state resulting in a fatal outcome within 75-90 min after the release of occlusion. Sham-operated animals were used as controls. 3. @entity432 ( @entity432 ) shocked @entity35 had a marked @entity551 , enhanced levels of @entity1505 in serum and macrophages, @entity1431 and increased ileal leukocyte accumulation, studied by means of @entity1589 activity ( @entity1589 ). Furthermore, aortae from @entity432 @entity35 showed a marked hyporeactivity to @entity2647 (PE, 1 nM-10 microM), reduced responsiveness to @entity934 ( @entity1617 , 10 nM-10 microM) and an increased staining for @entity1590 ( @entity1590 ). 4. In vivo administration of 17 beta @entity53 (500 micrograms kg-1, i.m., three hours before the induction of @entity432 ) increased survival rate (100%, 4 h after @entity432 ), enhanced mean arterial blood pressure; reduced serum @entity1505 (25 +/- 5 u ml-1 vs 379 +/- 16 u ml-1), ameliorated leukopaenia and reduced ileal @entity1589 (0.7 +/- 0.02 u 10(-3) g-1 tissue vs 4.2 +/- 0.4 u 10(-3) g-1 tissue). Furthermore aortae from @entity432 @entity35 treated with 17 beta @entity53 exhibited a greater contractile response to @entity2647 , improved responsiveness to @entity1617 and a blunted staining of @entity1590 . Finally 17 beta @entity53 , added in vitro to peritoneal macrophages collected from untreated @entity432 @entity35 , significantly reduced @entity1505 production. 5. Our results suggest that inhibition of @entity1505 in vivo may explain, at least in part, the vasoprotective effects of @entity2931 .

title: The involvement of tumour @entity39 factor-alpha in the protective effects of 17 beta XXXX in splanchnic ischaemia-reperfusion injury.

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogens']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['SAO', 'Splanchnic artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1590 :: ('25464(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['oestradiol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective. To investigate the correlation of @entity66117 with @entity453 . Methods. Coronary angiography confirmed CAD in 241 @entity1 (62 received CABG) and non-CAD in 121 (55 received valve replacement). Results. Serum levels of LDL-C, @entity1851 , @entity310 , @entity650 , and leptin in CAD @entity1 were significantly higher than those in non-CAD @entity1 (P < 0.05), but @entity10793 and @entity66117 were lower (P < 0.05). Serum levels of @entity66117 and @entity10793 were negatively related to BMI, HOMA-IR, @entity310 , @entity650 , and leptin but positively to HDL-C (P < 0.05) in CAD @entity1 . After adjustment of @entity10793 , @entity66117 was still related to the above parameters. Serum @entity66117 was a protective factor of CAD (P < 0.05). When compared with non-CAD @entity1 , leptin mRNA expression increased dramatically, while @entity66117 mRNA expression reduced markedly in epicardial adipose tissue of CAD @entity1 (P < 0.05). The leptin expression and macrophage count in CAD group were significantly higher than in non-CAD group, but CAD @entity1 had a markedly lower @entity66117 expression (P < 0.05). Conclusions. Circulating and coronary @entity66117 plays an important role in the @entity32 and @entity453 of CAD patients. Serum @entity66117 is an independent protective factor of CAD.

title: Associations of C1q/TNF-Related Protein-9 Levels in Serum and Epicardial Adipose Tissue with XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['Coronary Atherosclerosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ) plays a fundamental role in plant defense signaling network. Recently, we have established the involvement of @entity6172 with @entity1786 (ET) to combat environmental stress. However, the mechanism of @entity6172 -ET interplay still remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that @entity6172 induces ET biosynthesis by modulating the transcriptional and post-trancriptional regulations of its key enzymes, ACC synthase (ACS) and @entity68795 (ACO). Transgenic @entity958 plants with enhanced @entity6172 content (AtECS) exhibited remarkable up-regulation of @entity45325 , @entity45326 and @entity68796 at transcript as well as protein levels while they were down-regulated in the @entity6172 depleted pad2-1 mutant. We further observed that @entity6172 induced @entity45325 and @entity45326 transcription in a @entity45328 dependent manner while @entity68796 transcription remained unaffected. On the other hand, the mRNA stability for @entity68796 was found to be increased by @entity6172 which explains our above observations. In addition, we also identified the @entity68796 protein to be a subject for S-glutathionylation which is consistent with our in silico data. However, S-glutathionylation of @entity45325 and @entity45326 proteins was not detected. Further, the AtECS plants exhibited resistance to @entity281 and salt stress while the pad2-1 mutant was sensitive. Exogenously applied @entity6172 could improve stress tolerance in wild-type plants but not in the ET signaling mutant, ein2-1, indicating that @entity6172 mediated resistance to these stresses occurs via an ET mediated pathway. Together, our investigation reveals a dual-level regulation of ET biosynthesis by @entity6172 during stress.

title: @entity2041 regulates ACC synthase transcription via XXXX and @entity68795 by modulating mRNA stability to induce @entity1786 synthesis during stress.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutathione']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['necrotrophic infection']

entities_list: @entity1786 :: ('MESH:C036216', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene']

answer: @entity45328 :: (818429(Tax:3702),Gene) :: ['WRKY33']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of @entity7855 and success of treatment in particular etiological causes in @entity323 lasting more than 3 months. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 141 @entity1 between 27 and 78 years old without any cardiac compromise, despite controversial, which precludes @entity7855 (Viagra) treatment, were included in this study. All @entity1 had only International Index of Erectile Capacity Form (IIEF) for pre-treatment evaluation and 50 mg @entity7855 was started. @entity1 were assessed monthly for 6 months thereafter. Erectile capacity changes were questioned by IIEF on each follow-up and 100 mg @entity7855 was given in @entity1 without a response and monthly follow-up was scheduled. All @entity1 had SMA-12, hormonal analyses and penile colour Doppler ultrasonography during the treatment course. The difference between IIEF score of each @entity1 was displayed by Paired-t test and p-values less than 0.05 was applied as significant. RESULTS: The average beginning IIEF score of 141 @entity1 was 11.80 +/- 0.47 [6-22], and increased to 20.70 +/- 0.62 [6-30] after a month of 50 mg @entity7855 treatment. The mean increase was 75.4% and found to be significant (p = 0.000, p < 0.05). The average IIEF scores were recorded as 22.57 +/- 0.69 after 3, and 22.12 +/- 0.24 after 6 months. There was no difference between these values and 2nd month controls (P3 month = 0.5675, P6 month = 0.6138, p > 0.05). A positive response was recorded in 102 @entity1 (72.3%) and 39 (27.7%) @entity1 were unresponsive. Doubled doses of @entity7855 (100 mg) was effective in additional 17 @entity1 . After overall treatment, 119 (84.4%) @entity1 had benefit from @entity7855 . Penile Doppler ultrasonography displayed @entity9085 in 79 (56.03%), @entity5501 in 14 (9.93%), mixt vascular pathology in 14 (9.93%) @entity1 . Normal ultrasonographic findings in 32 @entity1 (22.7%) were classified as @entity409 . Among the organic causes, @entity7855 was found to be most effective in @entity9085 group. CONCLUSION: @entity7855 is a successful management modality in @entity323 with minimal pre-treatment evaluation. As far as etiological causes concerned, @entity7855 was found to be most effective in @entity9085 group and psychogenic group. The efficacy of @entity7855 treatment has not been changed with the treatment time, since IIEF scores were stable during follow-up controls.

title: The efficacy of XXXX in different etiologies of @entity323 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['psychogenic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity9085 :: ('MESH:D014715', 'Disease') :: ['arterial insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil', 'Sildenafil']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['veno-occlusive dysfunction']

answer: @entity7855 :: (MESH:C101426,Chemical) :: ['sildenafil']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the metabolism of @entity1812 (BK) after a single passage through the coronary bed in isolated Langendorff @entity35 hearts. METHODS: BK was infused into the aortic flow line to obtain a final concentration of 10 nM, and the coronary, effluent was collected to quantify BK and des-Arg9-BK by competitive enzyme immunoassay. The nature of immunoreactive material was confirmed by immunograms after @entity1172 . The experiments were performed with hearts perfused at either one of the following coronary flow rates: 1, 5 or 10 ml/min. RESULTS: BK recovery without inhibitors was 86.3 +/- 2.9, 60.8 +/- 6.3, and 29.6 +/- 6.8% at 10, 5, and 1 ml/min, respectively. The Vmax/Km ratios at these coronary flow rates were 2.19 +/- 0.72, 4.81 +/- 0.64, and 2.59 +/- 0.33 min-1 g-1), respectively. The @entity1811 ( @entity1811 ) inhibitor, enalaprilat (130 nM), reduced BK degradation at all flow rates. Inhibition of neutral endopeptidase with retrothiorphan (25 nM) had no effect on BK degradation. However, the combined treatment with @entity4688 and @entity69663 reduced BK degradation to lower values than enalaprilat alone. The effect of enzyme inhibitors on BK recovery was inversely related to coronary flow: inhibiting BK degradation markedly increased BK recovery at 1 ml/min, but had no effect at 10 ml/min. The kininase I metabolite of BK, des-Arg9-BK, could not be detected under these experimental conditions. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1811 is the major enzyme responsible for BK degradation during a single passage through the coronary bed. Neutral endopeptidase contributes to BK degradation only when @entity1811 activity is impaired. The effect of enzyme inhibitors on the coronary concentration of BK is highly dependent on coronary flow rate.

title: Metabolism of XXXX by the @entity35 coronary vascular bed.

entities_list: @entity1811 :: ('24310(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity69663 :: ('MESH:C072559', 'Chemical') :: ['retrothiorphan']

entities_list: @entity1172 :: ('MESH:D001010', 'Disease') :: ['HPLC separation']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

answer: @entity1812 :: (MESH:D001920,Chemical) :: ['bradykinin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate direct and indirect contact rates on livestock facilities and distance traveled between herd contacts. SAMPLE POPULATION: 320 beef, dairy, @entity1237 , @entity742 , and @entity1707 herds, 7 artificial insemination technicians, 6 hoof trimmers, 15 veterinarians, 4 sales yard owners, and 7 managers of livestock-related companies within a 3-county region of California. PROCEDURE: A questionnaire was mailed to livestock producers, and personal and telephone interviews were conducted with individuals. RESULTS: Mean monthly direct contact rates were 2.6, 1.6, and 2.0 for dairies with < 1,000, 1,000 to 1,999, and > or = 2,000 @entity291 , respectively. Mean indirect contact rates on dairies ranged from 234 to 743 contacts/mo and increased by 1 contact/mo as herd size increased by 4.3. Mean direct monthly contact rate for beef herds was 0.4. Distance traveled by personnel and vehicles during a 3-day period ranged from 58.4 to 210.4 km. Of livestock arriving at sales yards, 7% (500/7,072) came from > or = 60 km away, and of those sold, 32% (1,180/3,721) were destined for a location > or = 60 km away. Fifty-five percent (16/29) of owners of large beef herds observed deer or @entity2498 within 150 m of livestock at least once per month. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Direct and indirect contacts occur on livestock facilities located over a wide geographic area and at a higher frequency on larger facilities. Knowledge of contact rates may be useful for planning biosecurity programs at the herd, state, and national levels and for modeling transmission potential for @entity4021 virus.

title: Direct and indirect contact rates among beef, dairy, XXXX , @entity742 , and @entity1707 herds in three California counties, with reference to control of potential @entity4021 transmission.

entities_list: @entity4021 :: ('MESH:D005536', 'Disease') :: ['foot-and-mouth disease']

answer: @entity1237 :: (9925,Species) :: ['goat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Polymeric microspheres may serve as microcarrier matrices, for the expansion of anchorage-dependent stem cells. They require surface properties that both promote initial cell adhesion and the subsequent spreading of cells, which is a prerequisite for successful expansion. When implemented in a three-dimensional culture environment, under @entity2146 , their suspension under low shear rates depends on the microcarriers having a modest negative buoyancy, with a density of 1.02-1.05 g/cm(3). Bioresorbable @entity4351 ( @entity4351 ), with a density of 1.14 g/cm(3), requires a reduction in volumetric density, for the microspheres to achieve high cell viability and yields. Uniform-sized droplets, from solutions of @entity4351 dissolved in @entity1044 ( @entity17058 ), were generated by a coaxial microfluidic geometry. Subsequent exposure to @entity1068 rapidly extracted @entity17058 solvent, solidifying the droplets and yielding monodisperse microspheres with a porous structure, which was demonstrated to have tunable porosity and a core-shell configuration. The variation of process parameters, including the molecular weight of @entity4351 , its concentration in @entity17058 , and the @entity1068 concentration, served to effectively alter the diffusion flux between @entity1068 and @entity17058 , resulting in a broad spectrum of volumetric densities of 1.04-1.11 g/cm(3). The solidified microspheres are generally covered by a smooth thin skin, which provides a uniform cell culture surface and masks their internal porous structure. When coated with cationic polyelectrolyte and extracellular matrix protein, monodisperse microspheres with a diameter of approximately 150   m and densities ranging from 1.05-1.11 g/cm(3), are capable of supporting the expansion of @entity1 mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Validation of hMSC expansion was carried out with positive control of commercial Cytodex 3 microcarriers and negative control of uncoated low-density @entity4351 microcarriers. Static culture conditions generated more than 70% cell attachment and similar yields of 6-fold cell expansion on all coated microcarriers, with poor cell attachment and growth on the negative control. Under @entity2146 , coated porous microspheres, with a low density of 1.05 g/cm(3), achieved robust cell attachment and resulted in high cell yields of 9-fold cell expansion, comparable to those generated by commercial Cytodex 3 microcarriers.

title: Tunable Volumetric Density and Porous Structure of Spherical Poly-  -caprolactone Microcarriers, as Applied in XXXX Mesenchymal Stem Cell Expansion.

entities_list: @entity1044 :: ('MESH:D008752', 'Chemical') :: ['dichloromethane']

entities_list: @entity4351 :: ('CHEBI:60736', 'Chemical') :: ['polycaprolactone', 'PCL']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: The two-electrode voltage-clamp technique was used to evaluate the effect of protein kinase C (PKC) activation on ion current flow in @entity1238 oocytes injected with cRNA coding for the @entity1 vanilloid receptor ( @entity13812 ). In the presence of 30 nM @entity10670 ( @entity10671 ), current evoked by an effective concentration (EC(30)) of @entity2951 (CAP) was potentiated by 638+/-117% (n=8). PDBu exhibited an EC(50) of about 17+/-3 nM for this effect (n=8). Potentiation was not observed when @entity13812 expressing oocytes were exposed to both 30 nM PDBu and 1 microM @entity866 . In the presence of 300 nM PDBu, the EC(50) for CAP shifted from 899+/-78 to 139+/-2 1 nM (n=11 and 5, respectively). In the presence of 30 nM PDBu, the maximal current amplitude evoked by application of CAP increased by 86+/-21% (n=10), in a @entity866 sensitive manner. Application of 1 microM PDBu alone elicited a @entity4413 sensitive current within 3 min of exposure. This effect was observed in the absence of previous exposure of the oocyte to CAP and was abolished in the presence of 1 microM @entity866 . No current was elicited during a 10 min application of 300 nM PDBu, the longest interval assessed. Prior to 30 nM PDBu exposure, no current was evoked at temperature ramps from room temperature (22-23 degrees C) up to 37 degrees C at pH 6.8, 7.0, or 7.4. Following PDBu treatment, @entity13812 mediated current was evoked at 26 degrees C at pH 7.0. Likewise, following 30 nM PDBu treatment, current was evoked by application of pH 6.8 alone and a further increase in current amplitude was evoked by heat at 24 degrees C in a @entity866 sensitive manner. These data provide direct evidence that PKC activation can increase @entity13812 current evoked by candidate physiological activators, pH and heat. This observation provides an empirical foundation for explaining some types of @entity158 in terms of PKC activation, small decreases in tissue pH levels, and small increases in skin temperature, all of which can accompany inflammatory conditions.

title: Activation of protein kinase C sensitizes @entity1 @entity13812 to XXXX and to moderate decreases in pH at physiological temperatures in @entity1238 oocytes.

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity4413 :: ('MESH:C071423', 'Chemical') :: ['capsazepine']

entities_list: @entity10670 :: ('MESH:D015240', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['staurosporine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory pain']

answer: @entity2951 :: (MESH:D002211,Chemical) :: ['capsaicin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies have identified occupational exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) as a potential risk factor for @entity179 , but the evidence is contradictory and inconclusive. METHODS: We conducted a cohort study to explore these associations. We studied all economically active individuals in the Swedish 1980 census (4,812,646 subjects), and followed them for @entity179 mortality from 1981 through 1995. Information about occupation was available for 1970 and 1980. A job-exposure matrix based on magnetic field measurements was used to assess EMF exposure. RESULTS: An increased risk of @entity195 mortality was observed among @entity1 exposed both in 1970 and 1980 (relative risk = 2.3; 95% confidence interval = 1.6-3.3 for exposure >/=0.5 microT). The associations were most pronounced for early-onset @entity195 mortality or with follow-up limited to 10 years after the last known occupation. @entity746 was not associated with EMF exposure, but the risk estimate with "electrical and electronics work" was 1.4 (95% confidence interval = 1.1-1.9). CONCLUSIONS: Our study gives some support to the hypothesis that EMF exposure increases the risk of early-onset @entity195 , and suggests that magnetic field exposure may represent a late-acting influence in the disease process. @entity1457 is an unlikely explanation for the increased risk of @entity746 in "electrical and electronics work" in this study.

title: Occupational magnetic field exposure and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Electric shock']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis', 'Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['neurodegenerative disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Many @entity1 with @entity449 ( @entity2334 ). Because open repair is associated with a high morbidity and mortality, hybrid approaches to @entity2334 repair are emerging. In this study, we evaluated the midterm outcomes and aortic remodeling of a hybrid technique that combines proximal @entity439 repair (TEVAR), followed by staged distal open thoracoabdominal repair for @entity1 with Crawford extent I or II TAAAs secondary to chronic @entity1580 . METHODS: We identified 19 @entity1 with Crawford extent I (n  = 1) or extent II (n  = 18) TAAAs secondary to chronic @entity1580 who underwent a staged hybrid repair from 2007 to 2014 at our institution. Nine @entity1 had previous open ascending aortic surgery for type I @entity1580 . Stage 1 TEVAR was performed via percutaneous (n  = 8), femoral cutdown (n  = 8), or iliac exposure (n  = 3). The left subclavian artery was covered in nine @entity1 and revascularized in eight @entity1 using carotid-subclavian bypass (n  = 7) or laser fenestration (n  = 1). Stage 2 open repair was performed a median of 18  weeks later with partial cardiopulmonary bypass via left femoral arterial and venous cannulation for visceral and lower body perfusion. The open thoracoabdominal graft was anastomosed proximally in an end to end fashion with the endograft. We then assessed surgical morbidity and mortality, midterm survival, and freedom from reintervention. Aortic remodeling was measured and change in maximum aortic and false lumen diameter at last follow-up (median, 3  years) from baseline was assessed. RESULTS: There were no deaths, @entity64 , or @entity177 in this cohort. After stage 1 TEVAR, three @entity1 required repeat intervention for endoleak (type IA, n  = 1; type IB, n  = 1; type II, n  = 1) before open repair. After stage 2 open repair, there was a single delayed permanent @entity912 2  weeks after discharge. At a median 3-year follow-up (range, 6 months-6.2  years), there were no deaths, neurologic events, @entity1070 , or @entity2334 reinterventions. Complete false lumen @entity715 occurred in 100% of the @entity1 , with maximum false lumen diameter decreasing from 34.3     15.3  mm to 13.2     12.0  mm  (P  < .01) and total aortic diameter decreasing from 60.2     9.0  mm to 49.4     9.6  mm  (P  <  .01). CONCLUSIONS: Staged hybrid @entity2334 repair, using a combination of proximal TEVAR with open distal repair, can be performed using established endovascular skills and technology coupled with traditional open aortic surgical techniques, with low surgical morbidity and mortality. In the midterm, staged hybrid @entity2334 repair was associated favorable survival, aortic remodeling, and freedom from reintervention.

title: Staged hybrid repair of extensive XXXX secondary to chronic @entity1580 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection develop Crawford extent I or II thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['endoleaks']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic endovascular aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

answer: @entity2334 :: (MESH:D017545,Disease) :: ['thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: Several Asian countries are implementing nationwide @entity5 screening programs. Assessment of the effectiveness of these programs is critical to their success as this is the only way to ensure that the benefits of screening outweigh the harms. In this paper we focus on @entity14 ( @entity14 ) screening to illustrate the principles of screening program assessment. The International Agency for Research on @entity5 (IARC) has defined organized screening, distinguishing it from opportunistic screening. The key advantage of organized screening is that it provides greater protection against the possible harms of screening. Since screening is a process, not simply a test, the effectiveness of a program depends on the quality of each step in the @entity5 screening process. The evaluation of long-term screening program outcomes ( @entity14 incidence and mortality) will not be observable for many years, given the time it takes to plan, pilot and implement a program. However, early performance indicators of the impact of screening should be monitored to give an early indication whether the program is on track. The European Union (EU) has recommended a minimum dataset to be collected and reported regularly by a screening program. Using information from these data tables, early performance indicators can be generated (e.g., participation rate, proportion of screen-detected @entity5 that are early-stage). Subsequently, modeling the natural history of the disease can be very helpful to estimate long-term outcomes, making use of these directly measured early performance indicators. Modeling can also be used to estimate the cost-effectiveness of a screening program and the potential impact of changes in policy, as illustrated by its recent use in the Netherlands to change the definition of a positive fecal immunochemical test (FIT) for the @entity14 screening program. Programs should consider modeling as an important component of screening program evaluation.

title: Assessment of a XXXX screening program.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: AIM: To compare the clinical acceptability of two dose regimens of micronized purified @entity3096 fraction (MPFF): a single 1000 mg tablet once daily versus 500 mg twice daily in @entity1 suffering from @entity102 ( @entity102 ). METHODS: In an international, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study, 174 @entity1 (Clinical Etiological Anatomic Pathophysiologic [CEAP] class C0s to C4) were randomized to MPFF 1000 mg once daily or MPFF 500 mg twice daily for 8 weeks. Adverse events were recorded in @entity1 -kept diaries (weeks 0, 2, 4, 8) and leg @entity158 was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS). RESULTS: No serious adverse events occurred. A total of 30 treatment-emergent adverse events (EAE) were reported (15 in each group). Three treatment-EAE in the MPFF 1000 mg group ( @entity1142 , @entity2210 , @entity56 ) were considered by the investigator to be related to treatment. All were of mild intensity and resolved when treatment finished. Both MPFF regimens were associated with a significant reduction in leg @entity158 score with a reduction of 4.21 cm for MPFF 1000 mg once daily (P<0.001) and 4.01 cm for MPFF 500 mg twice daily (p<0.001). The reduction in @entity158 was noted after 2 weeks of treatment and continuously throughout the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Both treatment regimens were well tolerated and associated with similar reductions in leg @entity158 after 8 weeks of treatment. The new MPFF 1000 mg dose regimen has a similar safety profile to two MPFF 500 mg tablets with the advantage of one tablet per day and potential improved @entity1 adherence.

title: Clinical acceptability study of once-daily versus twice-daily micronized purified @entity3096 fraction in @entity1 with symptomatic XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3096 :: ('CHEBI:47916', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoid']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic venous disease', 'CVD']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic venous disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The authors present five cases of @entity1048 located in the femur (4) and tibia (1) in @entity1 and young adults (1 female and 4 males) with an age range of 9 - 23 years (mean age 15 years). Radiographs in all cases showed a broad-based soft tissue mass attached to the cortex with periosteal reaction and in two of them cortical disruption with extensive medullary involvement. Follow-ups were available in four cases (range 11 - 73 months) and revealed pelvic @entity3 after 15 months with ultimately rapid dissemination and death in a 9-year-old @entity1 and @entity3 to the humerus after 13 months in a 15-year-old @entity1 . The former @entity5 widely extended into the medullary cavity and an amputation was carried out, the latter had a pure juxtacortical position and an en block resection was performed; both of them were treated with chemotherapy. All the lesions displayed distinctive structural patterns combining a large island of tumorous cartilage and hypocellular, bland-looking myxoid mesenchymal stroma with abrupt transition between both components. @entity421 , the delicate @entity10545 were produced by innocuous stromal cells lacking apparent atypia. They were strictly situated outside the prevailing chondroid areas and disclosed sometimes only after a meticulous search. Immunohistochemical detection of @entity52988 , @entity2281 protein and D2-40 assisted effectively not only in recognition of the real stromal histogenetic derivation, but also in distinction of true differentiation of a heavily mineralized extracellular matrix. Molecular analysis revealed no @entity8725 mutation in four examined cases. Regardless of unique low-grade morphology in rare @entity1048 , an aggressive therapeutical approach similar to @entity421 is justified, particularly in the case of a medullary extension.

title: [ XXXX - personal experience with five cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity10545 :: ('MESH:D010017', 'Disease') :: ['flocculent osteoid deposits']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['conventional osteosarcoma', 'Contrary to conventional osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1048 :: ('MESH:D010522', 'Disease') :: ['periosteal osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity1048 :: (MESH:D010522,Disease) :: ['Periosteal osteosarcoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluated the usefulness of percutaneous reduction and leverage fixation using K-wires in @entity1 with @entity174 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 2006 and 2008, we evaluated 13 paediatric @entity1 with @entity174 who had been observed for at least two years and underwent percutaneous reduction and leverage fixation using K-wires. We measured radial angulation and radial translation using preoperative, postoperative and final follow-up radiographs, and we clinically investigated range of motion and carrying angle according to Steele's grading system. RESULTS: Excellent clinical results were achieved in 11 (84.6%) @entity1 , good results in one (7.6%) and fair results in one (7.6%). There were no poor results. The @entity1 in whom fair results were achieved also had an @entity174 , which was treated conservatively. Complications such as nonunion, @entity281 , @entity4499 and periarticular ossification were minimal. @entity19386 was absent between the @entity174 and the greenstick fracture of the olecranon. @entity851 in the proximal radial epiphysis was also absent. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous reduction and leverage fixation using K-wires in @entity1 with @entity174 is a recommended surgical treatment that can achieve recovery of normal radial angulation and elbow motion.

title: Percutaneous reduction and leverage fixation using K-wires in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4499 :: ('MESH:D007049', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['Growth arrest']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['olecranon fracture', 'radial neck fractures', 'radial neck fracture']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity19386 :: ('MESH:C562408', 'Disease') :: ['Radioulnar synostosis']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['paediatric angulated radial neck fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 nonadherence to cardiac medications following @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) is associated with increased risk of recurrent events. However, the prevalence of @entity73 and poor health literacy among @entity1187 @entity1 and their association with medication nonadherence are poorly understood. METHODS: We assessed rates of @entity73 and poor health literacy among @entity1 of a clinical trial that tested the effectiveness of an intervention to improve medication adherence in @entity1 hospitalized with @entity1187 . Of 254 @entity1 , 249 completed the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine, Revised (REALM-R) survey, an assessment of risk for poor literacy, and the St Louis University Mental Status (SLUMS) exam, a tool assessing for @entity149 , during @entity1187 hospitalization. We assessed if SLUMS or REALM-R scores were associated with medication adherence. RESULTS: Based on SLUMS score, 14% of @entity1 were categorized as having @entity303 , and 52% with @entity149 ( @entity149 ). Based on REALM-R score of  <=6, 34% of @entity1 were categorized as at risk for poor health literacy. There was no association between poor health literacy and medication nonadherence. Of those with @entity149 , 35.5% were nonadherent, compared to 17.5% with normal cognitive function and 6.7% with @entity303 . In multivariable analysis, @entity73 was associated with medication nonadherence (P=0.007), mainly due to an association between @entity149 and nonadherence (odds ratio =12.2, 95% confidence interval =1.9 to 243; P=0.007). Cognitive status was not associated with adherence in @entity1 randomized to the intervention. CONCLUSION: @entity73 and risk for poor health literacy are common in @entity1 hospitalized with @entity1187 . We found an association between @entity149 and medication nonadherence in the usual care group but not in the intervention group. These findings suggest efforts to screen for @entity149 are needed during @entity1187 hospitalization to identify @entity1 at risk for nonadherence and who may benefit from an adherence intervention.

title: XXXX and poor health literacy are common in veterans presenting with @entity1187 : insights from the MEDICATION study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction', 'Cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['MNCD', 'mild neurocognitive disorder', 'neurocognitive deficits']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Cognitive dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Wide-necked anterior communicating @entity438 represent a subset of lesions with challenging endovascular treatment despite new endoluminal and intrasaccular devices. OBJECTIVE: To assess the long-term clinical and angiographic outcomes of stent-assisted @entity887 for wide-necked anterior communicating @entity438 . METHODS: Between March 2008 and March 2014, 32 @entity1 with unruptured wide-necked AComm @entity439 were treated using stent-assisted @entity887 . The Glasgow Outcome Scale was reviewed at the time of discharge and at latest follow-up. Ischemic and hemorrhagic events were also recorded and analyzed. @entity439 was evaluated post-intervention and on subsequent follow-up evaluations. RESULTS: Successful stent deployment was achieved in all cases, but in 1 @entity1 the coils could not be contained inside the @entity439 , and the procedure was aborted without complications. The distal segment of the stent was positioned in the ipsilateral A2 in 16 @entity1 , in the contralateral A2 in 15 @entity1 , and in the contralateral A1 in 1 @entity1 . There were no periprocedural @entity1031 . The rate of major complications was 6%. One @entity1 developed @entity932 related to antiplatelet therapy and another had @entity63 events due to in-stent @entity850 . Angiographic follow-up was available for 26 @entity439 and during a mean follow-up of 22 months, 81% of the lesions were completely occluded and 8% had a small residual neck. The retreatment rate for residual @entity439 was 3%. CONCLUSION: Our long-term results suggest that stent-assisted @entity887 for anterior communicating @entity438 may be considered an excellent treatment option with an adequate combination of safety profile and effectiveness. ABBREVIATIONS: AComm, anterior communicating arteryGOS, Glasgow Outcome ScaleICA, internal carotid arterySAC, stent-assisted coiling.

title: A Reappraisal of Anterior Communicating XXXX : A Case for Stent-Assisted Embolization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolization']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'Aneurysm occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic or hemorrhagic complications']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['artery aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['Artery Aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study serum lipid profile in @entity1 with @entity66 and to determine significant correlation between them. To ascertain the effect of age and sex on serum lipid profile. DESIGN: Case Control study. SETTING: Single Tertiary care centre in Southern India. @entity1 : Total of 100 @entity1 of which 80 were cases of @entity64 (ischaemic--50 and haemorrhagic --30) and the remaining 20 were controls. Males accounted for 71 cases. All subjects were adult @entity1 . @entity1 with suspected emboli of cardiac origin and diabetics (Type 1 and 2) were excluded from the study. None of the @entity1 were on diet or other modification that would lower plasma lipid levels. RESULTS: 32 @entity1 had elevated serum total @entity165 levels, of which 81.3% had @entity64 and the rest @entity548 . 10 @entity1 had elevated serum @entity412 levels, of which 80% had @entity64 and the rest @entity548 . 33 @entity1 had elevated serum low density lipoprotein levels of which 75.8% had @entity64 whereas the remaining had @entity548 . CONCLUSION: A statistically positive correlation was found between serum Total @entity165 , @entity1674 , LDL levels and the risk of @entity64 .

title: Lipid profile in non-diabetic XXXX --a study of 100 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['completed stroke', 'ischaemic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic stroke']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['Triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association of primary Sj  gren  @entity244 ( @entity244 ) and @entity2783 has been recognized but scarcely assessed. OBJECTIVE: Herein we analyzed the literature regarding this association in order to describe a @entity244 phenotype prone to both conditions. METHODS: PubMed and CINAHL databases were searched from inception until April 2016 for the key words: @entity2783 , @entity244 and their combinations. RESULTS: Most of the cases corresponded to @entity2783 mainly at skin and lung, whereas only three cases were systemic. Other places of @entity2783 were the kidney, @entity5773 , breast, salivary gland and vocal cord. Most of the localized forms corresponded to AL type, whereas @entity2783 was uncommon. The diagnosis of @entity2783 followed the @entity244 onset (1-25 years) and in the majority of @entity1 the presence of B cell @entity2915 traduced by @entity4754 , positive rheumatoid factor and/or anti-Ro/SSA and anti- @entity6016 antibodies were observed. In seven @entity1 , an associated @entity706 was also documented. CONCLUSION: The spectrum of lymphoid proliferation associated with @entity244 extends beyond the classical @entity1892 . Localized or @entity1582 might coexist with primary @entity244 . @entity2783 should be suspected in @entity1 with consistently high serologic activity and suggestive lesions.

title: Coexistence of @entity2783 and Primary Sj  gren's Syndrome: An overview XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5773 :: ('MESH:D014060', 'Disease') :: ['tracheobronchial, tongue']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['AA amyloidosis', 'localized amyloidosis', 'amyloidosis', 'Localized amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['systemic amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity4754 :: ('MESH:D006942', 'Disease') :: ['hypergammaglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ['s syndrome', "amyloid, Sj  gren's syndrome", 'SS']

answer: @entity2783 :: (MESH:D000686,Disease) :: ['Amyloidosis and Sj  gren's syndrome']


abstract: Resistance to @entity935 agonists can be defined with respect to failure to normalize PRL levels and failure to decrease @entity5 size by > or = 50%. Using these definitions, failure to normalize PRL levels is seen in 24% of those treated with @entity2847 , 13% of those treated with @entity4088 and 11% of those treated with @entity9229 . Failure to achieve at least a 50% reduction in @entity5 size occurs in about one-third of those treated with @entity2847 and 10-15% of those treated with @entity4088 or @entity9229 . Studies of in vitro cell preparations show that the D2 receptors of resistant @entity5 are decreased in number but have normal affinity. Treatment approaches for resistant @entity1 include switching to another @entity935 agonist and raising the dose of the drug as long as there is continued response to the dose increases and no adverse effects. Transsphenoidal surgery can also be done. If fertility is desired, @entity4082 , gonadotropins, and @entity1176 are also options. If fertility is not desired, @entity172 replacement may be used unless there is a macroadenoma, in which case control of @entity5 growth is also an issue and @entity935 agonists are generally necessary. However, in many cases modest or even no reduction may be acceptable long-term as long as there is not @entity5 growth. Hormone replacement ( @entity172 or @entity251 ) may cause a decrease in efficacy of the @entity935 agonist so that it must be carried out cautiously. Reduction of endogenous @entity172 , use of selective @entity172 receptor modulators, and aromatase inhibitors are potential experimental approaches.

title: XXXX resistance of prolactinomas.

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity9229 :: ('MESH:C047047', 'Chemical') :: ['cabergoline']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['clomiphene']

entities_list: @entity4088 :: ('MESH:D010479', 'Chemical') :: ['pergolide']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['Dopamine']


abstract: The prognostic value of @entity296 early after @entity583 ( @entity583 ) is still controversial, depending on the @entity1 under study and the outcome end point considered. Furthermore, the relative prognostic importance of viability compared with indicators of @entity1002 is not known. One hundred thirty-eight @entity1 were studied with low-dose @entity452 echocardiography 3 +/- 1 days after @entity583 . @entity1 were divided in 2 groups based on presence (n = 55) or absence (n = 83) of @entity296 and followed up for in-hospital and late @entity299 . During hospitalization, @entity296 was the only independent predictor for recurrent @entity63 events (chi-square 5.0, p = 0.025). End-systolic volume index and ejection fraction were both independent predictors of the occurrence of @entity712 , whereas gender and end-systolic volume index emerged as independent predictors of hard @entity299 ( @entity204 and sustained @entity1165 ). After hospital discharge, @entity1 were followed for 19 +/- 7 months. Again, @entity296 emerged as the only independent predictor of @entity1459 (chi-square 7.7, p = 0.005). Age, @entity101 , and ejection fraction were the most important independent predictors of hospitalization for @entity712 , whereas ejection fraction was the only independent predictor of hard @entity299 . Presence of @entity296 early after @entity583 is the single best predictor of recurrent in-hospital @entity63 events and @entity1459 after discharge. With respect to hard @entity299 and occurrence of @entity712 , indicators of @entity1002 have a higher prognostic value than presence of @entity296 .

title: In-hospital and long-term prognostic value of viable myocardium detected by XXXX echocardiography early after @entity583 and its relation to indicators of @entity1002 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial viability']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV systolic dysfunction', 'systolic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction']

answer: @entity452 :: (MESH:D004280,Chemical) :: ['dobutamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The management of @entity746 / @entity4681 ( @entity2655 /MND) has shifted from an attitude of nihilism to treatments that prolong survival and offer hope. Nutrition is an integral component of @entity2655 /MND care requiring coordination among acute and community multi-disciplinary teams (MDT). Evidence-based nutrition guidelines exist for this @entity1 group but their use among dietitians is unknown. The aim of this study was to survey the knowledge, practice and guideline use of dietitians working in @entity2655 /MND centres/clinics across England, Wales, Northern Ireland (EWNI) and Canada. METHOD: Dietetic contact details were obtained from the Motor Neurone Disease Association (MNDA) and the @entity2655 Society of Canada (ALSSC) websites. Telephone interviews were conducted with 23 dietitians using a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS: Multi-disciplinary team membership was high (78%). Only 22% dietitians had >4-years experience in @entity2655 /MND care. Dietitians reported using body weight, percentage @entity353 (PWL) and body mass index (BMI) to assess nutritional status. Equations used to estimate energy and protein requirements differed. Most frequent dietary advice was high calorie, texture modification and prescription nutritional supplements. Artificial nutrition and hydration (ANH) was discussed when @entity1 developed @entity1282 , energy intake was inadequate, @entity353 of 10% or forced vital capacity (FVC) was reduced. A percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( @entity970 ) service was available at all clinics/centres. CONCLUSION: Nutritional assessment techniques and dietary advice should be standardized. Dietetic collaboration at national and international level is recommended to reduce professional isolation. Training and support in @entity2655 /MND nutrition should be made available as part of post-dietetic registration. Further dietetic research is required to stimulate nutritional care.

title: Nutritional advice and treatment by dietitians to @entity1 with XXXX / @entity4681 : a survey of current practice in England, Wales, Northern Ireland and Canada.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['motor neurone disease']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

answer: @entity746 :: (MESH:D000690,Disease) :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2931 exert important effects on the reproductive as well as many other organ systems in both @entity1 and @entity1 . The history of the discovery of @entity2931 , the mechanisms of their synthesis, and their therapeutic applications are very important components of the fabric of endocrinology. These aspects provide the rationale for highlighting several key components of this story. Two investigators, Edward Doisy and Alfred Butenandt, purified and crystalized @entity7042 nearly simultaneously in 1929, and Doisy later discovered @entity10586 and @entity53 . Butenandt won the Nobel Prize for this work and Doisy's had to await his purification of @entity2067 . Early investigators quickly recognized that @entity2931 must be synthesized from @entity3800 and later investigators called this process aromatization. The aromatase enzyme was then characterized, its mechanism determined, and its structure identified after successful crystallization. With the development of knock-out methodology, the precise effects of @entity2931 in males and females were defined and clinical @entity465 and excess described. Their discovery ultimately led to the development of @entity7280 , treatment of menopausal symptoms, therapies for @entity0 , and induction of fertility, among others. The history of the use of @entity2931 for postmenopausal @entity1 to relieve symptoms has been characterized by cyclic periods of enthusiasm and concern. The individuals involved in these studies, the innovative thinking required, and the detailed understanding made possible by evolving biologic and molecular techniques provide many lessons for current endocrinologists.

title: Celebrating 75 years of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10586 :: ('CHEBI:27974', 'Chemical') :: ['oestriol']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogens', 'oestrogen', 'Oestrogens']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['syndromes of deficiency']

entities_list: @entity7042 :: ('CHEBI:17263', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrone']

entities_list: @entity7280 :: ('MESH:D003276', 'Chemical') :: ['oral contraceptives']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['oestradiol']


abstract: From 1988 to 1999, 85 cases of adult @entity116 were admitted to the medical service of Chon Buri Hospital. The male to female ratio was 2.2:1. In 50 @entity1 disease was severe enough to require @entity912 and artificial ventilation. Fourteen @entity1 needed @entity3175 and artificial ventilation but not @entity912 ; and in twenty-one the condition was mild, requiring @entity3175 only. Eleven @entity1 died, all of them had severe grade of @entity116 . The mortality rate was 12.9 per cent. In 70 @entity1 a wound was the source of @entity281 , most of which were minor, often receiving no medical attention. No wounds or obvious source of @entity281 could be found in 15 @entity1 . @entity116 is a preventable disease. The treatment of @entity116 is time-consuming and costly and there is still a considerable mortality rate. In moderate to severe cases, the @entity1 usually have to spend three to four weeks in an intensive care unit.

title: XXXX in adults: a review of 85 cases at Chon Buri Hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity116 :: ('MESH:D013746', 'Disease') :: ['tetanus', 'Tetanus']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity116 :: (MESH:D013746,Disease) :: ['Tetanus']


abstract: Increased accumulation of lipoproteins and @entity165 within cells from regenerated endothelium may be responsible for their reported dysfunction. This study compared the presence and uptake of oxidized forms of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in cells derived from native and regenerated endothelium. Four weeks after balloon denudation, primary cultures of native and regenerated endothelial cells were prepared from porcine coronary arteries. Regenerated endothelium stained more strongly using an antibody against oxidized lipoproteins. The increase in oxidized forms of @entity69974 exhibited by cells from regenerated endothelium was not due to an increase in extracellular-induced oxidation of native LDL, measured as the production of @entity4466 -reactive substances, being identical in both cell types. Intracellular @entity165 and @entity14839 content were unchanged in regenerated cells. Using flow cytometry, accumulation of oxidized LDL was investigated further by quantifying the uptake of a mildly oxidized preparation of @entity9717 -labelled LDL. The parameters of uptake, EC(50) and E(max), were not different between cells from native and regenerated endothelium suggesting that the number of @entity69975 receptors was identical in the two cell types. Moreover, a negative correlation between the increased uptake of acetylated LDL and decreased @entity6708 production in response to @entity1812 was observed in cells from regenerated endothelium. Thus, the increased incorporation of modified LDL and their intracellular oxidation could be responsible for the alteration in NO production. The presence of oxidized forms of LDL may be a marker of endothelium regeneration and could be involved in the endothelial dysfunction of @entity1707 coronary arteries 4 weeks after balloon denudation.

title: Cells derived from regenerated endothelium of the porcine coronary artery contain more oxidized forms of XXXX without a modification in the uptake of oxidized LDL.

entities_list: @entity14839 :: ('CHEBI:17002', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol ester']

entities_list: @entity4466 :: ('MESH:C029684', 'Chemical') :: ['thiobarbituric-acid']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity9717 :: ('MESH:C024286', 'Chemical') :: ["1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3-tetramethyl-indocarbocyanine perchlorate"]

answer: @entity69974 :: (100523371,Gene) :: ['apolipoprotein-B-100']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed to determine whether the use of oral probiotic preparation (prOVag  ) containing three Lactobacillus strains together with standard @entity868 treatment and also targeted antibiotic treatment (following the failure of @entity868 therapy) could reduce the recurrence rates of @entity6981 (AV). METHODS: @entity1 at private gynaecological clinics in Poland with histories of recurrent BV/AV and current symptoms were randomly allocated to receive @entity868 and probiotic or placebo, and assessed monthly on visits II and III-V. The total number of study visits was 5-6 (I, II, II bis - if applicable, III, IV, V). One probiotic or placebo capsule was administered with @entity868 /targeted antibiotic twice daily for 10  days; during follow up, @entity1 took one capsule daily for 10  days perimenstrually. Clinical examination and vaginal swabbing were performed at each visit. Primary outcomes were clinical or microbiological BV/AV recurrence and probiotic safety. Secondary outcomes were vaginal pH, Nugent score, and Lactobacillus counts in the vaginal microbiota. Safety analysis was performed in 578 (probiotic, n   =   285; placebo, n   =   293) 18-50-year-old @entity1 who were randomised. RESULTS: BV/AV was confirmed microbiologically in 241 (probiotic, n   =   118; placebo, n   =   123) @entity1 , who continued the trial. Data from 154 (probiotic, n   =   73; placebo, n   =   81) @entity1 who completed the study were analysed to determine the efficacy of prOVag. Additional analyses included 37 (probiotic, n   =   22; placebo, n   =   15) @entity1 who received targeted antibiotics and probiotics or placebo. prOVag lengthened the time to clinical relapse of BV/AV symptoms up to 51  % (p   <   0.05) compared with placebo; AV relapse was delayed by up to 76  % (p   <   0.05). Probiotic use also reduced and maintained low vaginal pH and Nugent score, and increased vaginal Lactobacillus counts following standard treatment. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that oral probiotics lengthened remission in @entity1 with recurrent BV/AV and improved clinical and microbiological parameters. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT01993524 ; 20 November 2013.

title: Supplementation of standard antibiotic therapy with oral probiotics for XXXX : a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity6981 :: ('MESH:D016585', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial vaginosis (BV) and aerobic vaginitis']

answer: @entity6981 :: (MESH:D016585,Disease) :: ['bacterial vaginosis and aerobic vaginitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To minimize any residual false lumen when operating on @entity1 with an acute @entity1129 aortic dissection, we tried to perform extensive primary repair of the thoracic aorta with the modified @entity7105 trunk technique. The early and midterm results of these surgical interventions are reported and evaluated. METHODS: Among the acute @entity1129 aortic dissections with extensive false lumen encountered since December 1997, 19 consecutive @entity1 , 15 DeBakey type I with the tear in the ascending, transverse, or both aortas, and 4 DeBakey type III-D with the tear located in the descending aorta, underwent insertion of a synthetic graft with a distally anchored stent in the descending thoracic aorta. The interpolation method was used as an introducer combined with total replacement of the aortic arch by using a synthetic branching graft with only a median sternotomy. RESULTS: One @entity1 died, and 18 were discharged after full recovery. Postoperative computed tomographic scans showed that no residual false lumina were present proximal to the diaphragmatic level, and no false lumina were found in 10 @entity1 . Two @entity1 with acute @entity63 of the right kidney caused by narrowing of the true lumen, as demonstrated by radiographic computed tomography, improved significantly after surgical intervention with restoration of blood flow in the true lumen. @entity451 was not observed in any @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In emergency operations for an acute @entity1129 aortic dissection, the operation is often limited to replacing the ascending aorta because priority is given to saving the @entity1 's life. However, it is possible to perform extensive primary repair of the thoracic aorta with relative safety by interpolating a synthetic graft with a self-expandable stent.

title: Extensive primary repair of the thoracic aorta in Stanford XXXX acute aortic dissection by means of a synthetic vascular graft with a self-expandable stent.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['Paraplegia']

answer: @entity1129 :: (MESH:D001260,Disease) :: ['type A']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We tested the hypothesis that the steady and pulsatile components of blood pressure (BP) exert a different influence on @entity453 and @entity64 in subjects with @entity101 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We analyzed data on 2311 subjects with essential @entity101 . All subjects (mean age 51 years, 47% @entity1 ) underwent off-therapy 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring. Over a follow-up period of up to 14 years (mean 4.7 years), there were 132 major @entity299 (1.20 per 100 @entity1 -years) and 105 cerebrovascular events (0.90 per 100 @entity1 -years). After adjustment for age, sex, @entity6 , serum @entity165 , and cigarette smoking (all P<0.01), for each 10 mm Hg increase in 24-hour pulse pressure (PP), there was an independent 35% increase in the risk of @entity299 (95% CI 17% to 55%). Twenty-four-hour mean BP was not a significant predictor of @entity299 after controlling for PP. After adjustment for age, sex, and @entity6 (all P<0.05), for every 10 mm Hg increase in 24-hour mean BP, the risk of cerebrovascular events increased by 42% (95% CI 19% to 69%), and 24-hour PP did not yield significance after controlling for 24-hour mean BP. Twenty-four-hour PP was also an independent predictor of fatal @entity299 , and 24-hour mean BP was an independent predictor of fatal cerebrovascular events. CONCLUSIONS: In subjects with predominantly systolic and diastolic @entity101 , ambulatory mean BP and PP exert a different predictive effect on the @entity299 . Although PP is the dominant predictor of @entity299 , mean BP is the major independent predictor of cerebrovascular events.

title: Different prognostic impact of 24-hour mean blood pressure and pulse pressure on XXXX and @entity453 in essential @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'person']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac and cerebrovascular complications', 'cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop and evaluated a rapid multiplex-qPCR to identify fecal carriers of multi-drug resistant extra-intestinal pathogenic @entity526 clonal groups. METHODS: @entity1 presenting for transrectal prostate biopsy (TPB) at the San Diego Veterans Affairs Medical Center underwent rectal culture immediately prior to TPB. Rectal swabs were streaked @entity2177 -supplemented (4 mg/L) MacConkey agar plates, identified, and susceptibility tested. The same swab was sent to the University of Washington for qPCR test (EST200) targeting two major MDR-ExPEC clonal groups - ST131 and ST69 that combined were expected to represent majority of @entity3284 as well as @entity799 resistant @entity526 . We calculate test characteristics including the area under the receiver operative curve (AUC). RESULTS: We enrolled 104 @entity1 from 11/5/2013 to 6/10/2014. @entity3284 -resistant @entity526 were cultured from 19.2% (20/104) of rectal swabs and 26% (27/104) of all swabs were positive for EST200 by PCR. The test characteristics comparing the EST200 to the culture-based detection of @entity3284 -resistance were 75%, 86%, 94%, and 56%, respectively. The AUC was 0.84 for the EST200 to detect @entity3284 resistance prior to TPB. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to the reference standard rectal culture, EST200 was able to detect majority of @entity3284 resistant @entity526 on rectal swabs prior to prostate biopsy.

title: Rapid Identification of Rectal Multi-Drug Resistant XXXX Prior to Transrectal Prostate Biopsy.

entities_list: @entity799 :: ('MESH:D015662', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity3284 :: ('D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolone', 'Fluoroquinolone']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['E. coli']


abstract: @entity14007 , caused by direct and continuous contact with @entity2440 , is associated with @entity16 , @entity32 , periductal @entity82 , and the development of @entity201 . Hepatic stellate cells respond to @entity99 through production of proinflammatory mediators which drive fibrogenesis; however, their endogenous sources and pathophysiological roles in host cells were not determined. @entity2441 ferritin heavy chain (CsFHC) was previously confirmed as a component of excretory/secretory products and exhibited a number of extrahepatic immunomodulatory properties in various diseases. In this study, we investigated the expression pattern and biological role of CsFHC in @entity2441 . CsFHC was expressed throughout life stages of @entity2441 . More importantly, we found that treatment of @entity1 hepatic stellate cell line LX-2 with CsFHC triggered the production of free radicals via time-dependent activation of NADPH oxidase, xanthine oxidase, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. The increase in free radicals substantially promoted the degradation of cytosolic IkBa and nuclear translocation of NF-kB subunits (p65 and p50). CsFHC-induced NF-kB activation was markedly attenuated by preincubation with specific inhibitors of corresponding free radical-producing enzyme or the antioxidant. In addition, CsFHC induced an increased expression level of proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1b and IL-6, in NF-kB-dependent manner. Our results indicate that CsFHC-triggered free radical-mediated NF-kB signaling is an important factor in the @entity32 caused by @entity2441 @entity281 .

title: @entity2440 ferritin heavy chain triggers free radicals and mediates XXXX signaling in @entity1 hepatic stellate cells.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['hepatobiliary damage']

entities_list: @entity14007 :: ('MESH:D003003', 'Disease') :: ['Clonorchiasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2440 :: ('79923', 'Species') :: ['Clonorchis sinensis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is no study of circumferential EMR in @entity1 with @entity355 containing early stage malignant lesions. This study investigated the effectiveness and safety of circumferential EMR by using a simple snare technique without cap. METHOD: @entity1 with @entity355 containing multifocal high-grade intraepithelial @entity5 or @entity5 , and @entity1 with endoscopically nonidentifiable early stage malignant mucosal changes incidentally detected in random biopsy specimens were included in the study. A 30 x 50-mm polypectomy snare made of monofilament 0.4-mm steel wire was used without any additional device or submucosal injection. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 (10 @entity1 , 2 @entity1 ; median age 63.5 years, range 43-88 years) underwent circumferential EMR; 5 had multifocal lesions, and 7 had no visible lesions. Segments of Barrett's epithelium were circumferential (median length 5 cm) and completely removed. The median number of EMR sessions was 2.5. The median number of snare resections per EMR session was 5. The medial total area of mucosa in resected specimens per session was 3.8 cm(2). Two @entity1 developed strictures that were successfully treated by bougienage. Minor @entity548 occurred during 4 of 31 EMR sessions. During a median follow-up of 9 months, no recurrence of @entity355 or @entity5 was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Circumferential EMR with a simple snare technique is feasible, safe, and effective for complete removal of Barrett's epithelium with early stage malignant changes.

title: Circumferential EMR and complete removal of Barrett's epithelium: a new approach to management of @entity355 containing high-grade intraepithelial XXXX and intramucosal carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intramucosal cancer', 'malignancy', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasia']