abstract: BACKGROUND: Assessment of @entity2910 ( @entity2910 ) motility is challenging, as functionally, @entity2910 relaxation and @entity1538 are distinct. We studied novel parameters, @entity2910 admittance (inverse of nadir impedance), and 0.2-s integrated relaxation pressure (IRP), in @entity1 with @entity1129 ( @entity1129 ) and @entity4681 ( @entity4681 ), as predictors of @entity1690 . METHODS: Sixty-six healthy subjects (n = 50 controls 20-80 years; n = 16 elderly >80 years), 11 @entity1 with @entity1129 (51-83 years) and 16 with @entity4681 (58-91 years) were studied using pharyngeal high-resolution impedance manometry. Subjects received 5 * 5 mL liquid (L) and viscous (V) boluses. Admittance and IRP were compared by age and between groups. A p < 0.05 was considered significant. KEY RESULTS: In healthy subjects, admittance was reduced (L: p = 0.005 and V: p = 0.04) and the IRP higher with liquids (p = 0.02) in older age. Admittance was reduced in @entity4681 compared to both healthy groups (Young: p < 0.0001 for both, Elderly L: p < 0.0001 and V: p = 0.009) and @entity1129 with liquid (p = 0.001). Only liquid showed a higher IRP in @entity4681 @entity1 compared to controls (p = 0.03), but was similar to healthy elderly and @entity1129 @entity1 . Only admittance differentiated younger controls from @entity1129 (L: p = 0.0002 and V: p < 0.0001), with no differences in either parameter between @entity1129 and elderly subjects. CONCLUSIONS _ INFERENCES: The effects of aging and pathology were better discriminated by @entity2910 maximum admittance, demonstrating greater statistical confidence across bolus consistencies as compared to 0.2-s IRP. Maximum admittance may be a clinically useful determinate of @entity1690 .

title: Maximum @entity2910 ( @entity2910 ) admittance: a non-specific marker of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['UES dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['upper esophageal sphincter', 'UES']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['MND', 'motor neuron disease']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['cricopharyngeal bar', 'CPB']

answer: @entity1690 :: (MESH:D046628,Disease) :: ['UES dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) have been recently reported with favourable oncological outcomes as treatment of @entity43 (EOC). The aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of CRS+HIPEC with @entity900 and @entity1311 for the treatment of advanced EOC. METHODS: This is a prospective observational study of 54 @entity1 , from April 2007 to October 2013, with primary or recurrent @entity298 due to EOC. The mean age was 54.51  9.34. Thirty @entity1 (59%) had primary EOC, and 24 @entity1 (41%) had recurrent disease. RESULTS: Mean @entity3906 index was 10.11 (range, 0 to 28), complete cytoreduction (CC0) was achieved for 47 @entity1 (87%), @entity14105 for seven @entity1 (13%). @entity1 with suboptimal cytoreduction (CC2 and @entity14105 ) were not included in the study. The mean stay in ICU was 4.73  5.51 days and the mean hospitalization time was 24.0  10.03 days. We did not observe any intraoperative @entity204 . Seven @entity1 (13%) required additional operations. Three @entity1 (5.6%) died within 30 days from the procedure. Severe complications were seen in 19 @entity1 (35.2%). During the follow-up period, disease recurred in 33 @entity1 (61.1%); the median disease-free survival time was 12.46 months and the median overall survival time was 32.91 months. CONCLUSION: CRS+HIPEC with @entity900 and @entity1311 for advanced EOC is feasible with acceptable morbidity and mortality. Additional follow-up and further studies are needed to determine the effects of HIPEC on long term survival.

title: Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy with @entity900 and @entity1311 in advanced XXXX : a multicenter prospective observational study.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['advanced epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity3906 :: ('MESH:D010534', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal cancer']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal carcinomatosis']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: The changes in plasma levels of @entity1955 (T4), free @entity1955 (free T4), @entity1954 (T3), free @entity1954 (free T3), and reverse @entity1954 (rT3) were observed in intact or hypophysectomized lamb foetuses during the last third of gestation. Hypophysectomy was performed at two stages: 100 and 120 days of gestation. Cord blood was collected after Caesarean section. In intact foetuses, T4 and free T4 levels increased significantly between day 100 and 120 of gestation, but decreased from day 132 to birth. T3 levels, low until day 132, rose abruptly during the last 12 days of gestation, as did the T3/free T4 ratio. Free T3 levels, relatively high on day 100, decreased until day 130 to rise during the last days of gestation. Reverse T3 levels, high since day 100, increased sharply until day 132 as did the reverse T3/free T4 ratio, and then declined. In hypophysectomized foetuses, undetectable or very low levels of T4, free T4 and rT3 were observed on day 120 and 144. T3 levels, although decreased by pituitary destruction, remained at 39.7% (120 days) and 21.4% (144 days) of the values recorded in intact foetuses. Free T3 levels, normally depressed at the end of gestation, were not affected by hypophysectomy on day 120. When hypophysectomy was performed later, the levels of T4, free T4 and rT3 were slightly increased on day 144 as compared with those of the other hypophysectomized foetuses. This study confirms the changes in the plasma @entity9117 levels observed previously in the lamb foetus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Plasma free and total XXXX levels in hypophysectomized and intact lamb foetuses during the last third of gestation.

entities_list: @entity9117 :: ('CHEBI:24864', 'Chemical') :: ['iodothyronine']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity9117 :: (CHEBI:24864,Chemical) :: ['iodothyronine']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1398 ( @entity1398 ) after chemotherapy increases complications, morbidity, risk of @entity204 , reduction of dose delivery and impairs quality of life. Primary @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) prophylaxis after chemotherapy is recommended in the guideline (GL) if the risk of @entity1398 is high (>= 20  %) or intermediate (>= 10-20  %) with additional risk factors. This study evaluated the implementation of @entity1261 GL. @entity1 AND METHODS: Sample size of the survey was calculated at 2  % of the incidences of @entity706 , @entity0 in Germany in 2006. @entity1 were documented retrospectively over three to nine cycles of chemotherapy and @entity1398 risk >= 10  %. Professional physician profiles were analyzed by classification and regression tree analysis (CART). RESULTS: One hundred ninety-five hematologists-oncologists and pulmonologists and gynecologists specialized in oncology documented data of 666 @entity2 @entity1 , 286 @entity706 @entity1 , and 976 @entity0 @entity1 , with 7805 chemotherapy cycles; 85.1  % of physicians claimed adhering to @entity1261 GL. Adherence to GL in all high- @entity1398 -risk chemotherapy cycles was 15.4  % in @entity2 , 84.5  % in @entity706 , and 85.6  % in @entity0 , and in all intermediate- @entity1398 -risk chemotherapy cycles, @entity2 it was 38.8  %, @entity706 it was 59.4  %, and @entity0 it was 49.3  %. @entity1261 was overused without additional @entity1 risk factors in 7.2  % @entity2 cycles, 16.8  % @entity706 cycles, and 17.6  % @entity0 cycles. The CART analysis split pulmonologists and other specialists, with the latter adhering more to GL. Pulmonologists, trained less than 22.5  years, adhered better to GL, as did also gynecologists or hematologists-oncologists with professional experience less than 8.1  years. CONCLUSIONS: Acceptance of and adherence to @entity1261 GL differed between @entity2 , @entity706 , and @entity0 . Physicians overestimate their adherence to the GL. Physicians adhering to the GL can be characterized.

title: Adherence to @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) guidelines to reduce the incidence of XXXX after chemotherapy-a representative sample survey in Germany.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte-colony stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer, and lung cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['FN', 'Febrile neutropenia']

answer: @entity1398 :: (MESH:D009503,Disease) :: ['febrile neutropenia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess treatment outcome after definitive radiotherapy for @entity5 retrospective analysis of the clinical data was performed. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We enrolled 265 @entity1 with @entity5 who were treated with combined external beam radiotherapy [mean +/- standard deviation (SD), 50.3 +/- 1.8 Gy; range 40-70) and intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) (mean +/- SD, 19.8 +/- 2.4 Gy; range 10-32) using a high-dose-rate 60Co source. We retrospectively analyzed, as measures of the therapeutic outcome, the @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ), @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ), @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ), @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and late complication. RESULTS: The 5-year @entity1168 , @entity4557 , and @entity1168 rates (n = 265) were 50.7%, 57.1%, and 71.2%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed a significant favorable effect on the @entity1168 rate for complete response (CR) (p = 0.024), maximum @entity5 diameter < 6 cm (SML) (p = 0.0009), Karnofsky performance score > or =70 (p = 0.046), age <75 years (p = 0.0043), hemoglobin (Hb) concentration of > or =9 g/dl (p = 0.0005), and histopathological diagnosis of @entity957 ( @entity957 ) (p = 0.0089). In the multivariate analysis, Hb, @entity957 , SML, and CR remained significant prognostic factors. In both univariate and multivariate analysis, SML, Hb, age, and @entity957 showed significant effects on the @entity4557 rate. Age > or =60 years (p = 0.017), Hb > or =9 g/dl (p = 0.0039), and SML (p = 0.0046) were significant favorable prognostic factors for the @entity1168 rate identified by univariate analysis. In addition, advanced age, SML, and @entity957 showed significant beneficial effects on the @entity1168 rate in the multivariate analysis. @entity3 developed in 21.1% of @entity1 , and the groups with Hb < 9 g/dl (p < 0.005), Karnofsky performance score of <70 (p < 0.001), and dose at point A in the ICBT < 16 Gy (p < 0.005) developed a significantly greater incidence of @entity3 than did the groups without. The 5-year incidence was 2.6% for major @entity1494 and 8.3% for major @entity532 . The radiation dose in the subgroup with @entity532 was significantly greater than that in the subgroup without complications. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity5 , @entity5 size, concentration of Hb, and histopathological diagnosis are strong prognostic factors for the therapeutic outcome. The ICBT dose in our study was small compared to the reported data, but the outcome was quite comparable. Thus, the dose we used might be the minimum required. However, locoregional control still remains an important problem. It is necessary to attain the optimal dose distribution in both the target volume and in critical organs. In high-risk @entity1 , combined use of chemotherapy is crucial to improve the response to radiation.

title: Definitive radiotherapy combined with high-dose-rate brachytherapy for @entity5 of the uterine cervix: retrospective analysis of prognostic factors concerning XXXX characteristics and treatment parameters.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'relapse-free survival rate']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder complication']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stage III cervical carcinoma', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['rectal complication']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'distant metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['LREF', 'OAS', 'locoregional event-free rate', 'overall survival rate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies have demonstrated the tremendous potential of using coronary artery @entity460 (CAC) in addition to traditional risk factors for @entity301 ( @entity301 ) risk prediction. However, to date, no risk score incorporating CAC has been developed. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to derive and validate a novel risk score to estimate 10-year @entity301 risk using CAC and traditional risk factors. METHODS: Algorithm development was conducted in the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 ), a prospective community-based cohort study of 6,814 @entity1 age 45 to 84 years, who were free of clinical @entity299 at baseline and followed for 10 years. MESA is sex balanced and included 39% non-Hispanic whites, 12% Chinese Americans, 28% African Americans, and 22% Hispanic Americans. External validation was conducted in the HNR (Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study) and the DHS (Dallas Heart Study). RESULTS: Inclusion of CAC in the MESA risk score offered significant improvements in risk prediction (C-statistic 0.80 vs. 0.75; p  < 0.0001). External validation in both the HNR and DHS studies provided evidence of very good discrimination and calibration. Harrell's C-statistic was 0.779 in HNR and 0.816 in DHS. Additionally, the difference in estimated 10-year risk between events and nonevents was approximately 8% to 9%, indicating excellent discrimination. Mean calibration, or calibration-in-the-large, was excellent for both studies, with average predicted 10-year risk within one-half of a percent of the observed event rate. CONCLUSIONS: An accurate estimate of 10-year @entity301 risk can be obtained using traditional risk factors and CAC. The  MESA risk score, which is available online on the MESA web site for easy use, can be used to aid clinicians when communicating risk to @entity1 and when determining risk-based treatment strategies.

title: 10-Year Coronary Heart Disease Risk  Prediction Using Coronary Artery XXXX and Traditional Risk Factors: Derivation in the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 ) With  Validation in the HNR (Heinz Nixdorf Recall) Study and the DHS (Dallas  Heart Study).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: It is suggested in different studies that gender has a great impact on the distribution of risk factors of @entity64 . This study aims at determining the gender differences in risk factors of acute @entity385 among male and female @entity1 . Data extracted for this study were taken from a case control study which was carried out in the departments of Neurology and Medicine of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) and Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital (ShSMCH) Dhaka from July 2009 to June 2011. We collected data of 125 @entity1 with @entity385 and 129 healthy controls from the primary source. All secondary data were divided on the basis of gender. Among all male respondents 70 @entity64 @entity1 were considered as case and 72 healthy respondents were considered as control and in female group 55 were @entity64 @entity1 (case) and 57 were healthy control. Risk factors of @entity64 for male and female were evaluated separately. After multivariate analysis ever smoking (both present and ex smoker) (adj. OR 3.799, 95% CI 1.416, 10.19), @entity6 (adj. OR 5.687, 95% CI 1.99, 16.26), @entity101 (adj. OR 18.53, 95% CI 6.43, 53.4) and total @entity165 (adj. OR 1.017, 95% CI 1.01, 1.03) were found significant predictors for @entity64 in male whereas @entity6 (adj. OR 6.989, 95% CI 1.54, 31.64), @entity101 (adj. OR 17.85, 95% CI 5.1, 62.38), serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) (adj. OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.013, 1.07) and serum @entity412 (TG) (adj. OR 1.012, 95% CI 1.004, 1.02) were found significant in female. Besides taking the controlling measure for @entity101 and @entity6 , life style modification is an important factor to prevent @entity64 in both sexes.

title: Gender Variation in the Risk Factors with XXXX : Bangladesh Perspective.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bleeding complications are common and decrease the odds of survival in @entity1 supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The role of @entity1423 on ECMO-induced @entity1003 and resultant @entity548 complications is not well understood. The primary objective of this pilot study was to determine the incidence and magnitude of @entity1423 according to thromboelastography ( @entity17792 (  ))-platelet mapping (PM) testing. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of @entity1 <18   years old who required ECMO at a tertiary level hospital. We collected @entity17792 (  )-PM and conventional coagulation tests data. We also collected demographic, medications, blood products administered, and clinical outcome data. We defined severe @entity1423 as <50% aggregation in response to an agonist. RESULTS: We identified 24 out of 46 @entity1 on ECMO, who had @entity17792 (  )-PM performed during the study period. We found the incidence of severe @entity548 was 42% and mortality was 54% in our study cohort. In all samples measured, severe qualitative @entity1423 was more common for @entity857 ( @entity857 )-mediated aggregation (92%) compared to @entity1426 (AA)-mediated aggregation (75%) (p   =   0.001). Also, @entity857 -mediated percent of @entity1423 was significant lower than AA-mediated @entity1423 [15% (interquartile range, IQR 2.8-48) vs. 49% (IQR 22-82.5), p   <   0.001]. There was no difference in @entity4563 -activated heparinase @entity17792 (  ) parameters between the @entity548 group and the non- @entity548 group. Only absolute platelet count and @entity17792 (  )-PM had increased predictive value on receiver operating characteristics analyses for severe @entity548 and mortality compared to activated clotting time. CONCLUSION: We found frequent and severe qualitative @entity1423 on @entity17792 (  )-PM testing in @entity1 on ECMO. Larger studies are needed to determine if the assessment of qualitative platelet function by @entity17792 (  )-PM can improve prediction of @entity548 complications for @entity1 on ECMO.

title: Incidence of XXXX by Thromboelastography-Platelet Mapping in @entity1 Supported with ECMO: A Pilot Retrospective Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation', 'platelet dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity857 :: ('MESH:D000244', 'Chemical') :: ['ADP', 'adenosine diphosphate']

answer: @entity1423 :: (MESH:D001791,Disease) :: ['Platelet Dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Subjective, self-rated improvement in @entity1 with @entity161 spectrum disorders can carry significance as a first- @entity1 account of treatment outcome, and can be of importance for the individual @entity1 's acceptance of further treatment, including psychological treatments. This study assessed the concordance between post-treatment subjective improvement and the observed symptom change after a @entity716 . DESIGN: Longitudinal study based on daily symptom ratings. METHOD: The study sample consisted of 43 younger, primarily first- or second-episode @entity1 . Observed symptom change was calculated as both pre-post differences and symptom trajectories. Subjective improvement was assessed at the end of treatment by using the 'Emotional and Behavioural Changes in Psychotherapy Questionnaire' (VEV), a retrospective measure of subjective change. RESULTS: The findings indicated no significant concordance between pre-post differences in symptoms and self-rated improvement, nor were final levels of symptoms related to subjective improvement. Higher initial and mean symptom levels for positive symptoms were related to a lower degree of subjective improvement. A shorter duration of an initial trend-like improvement in @entity716 was shown to be associated with greater subjective improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Subjective assessment of improvement may differ markedly from symptom change. In @entity716 , more severe initial positive symptoms as well as a delayed improvement of positive symptoms may be related to a reduced subjective experience of improvement for the duration of the entire episode. The treatment of @entity716 should take a possible discordance between subjective and objective change into account.

title: Lack of concordance between subjective improvement and symptom change in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic episode', 'psychosis', 'psychotic episodes']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychotic episodes']


abstract: @entity651 and @entity32 are associated with exposure to various types of particulate air pollutants. The present study was used to determine whether metalloproteinases (MMPs) are secreted after instilling dust samples into the lung, and to relate levels of specific MMPs to different fractions of the ambient air particle sample EHC-93. @entity35 received an intratracheal injection of 5 mg dust samples in 0.5 ml water and were killed at intervals from 4 hours to 28 days later particle samples were EHC-93 whole dust, and the insoluble, leached, and soluble fractions of the same dust. Samples prepared from EHC-2K dust were also used, as were solutions of @entity219 and @entity46967 . All samples induced @entity32 as measured by increased inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid; the highest levels were found 1 to 3 days after instilling the whole dust. This dust also induced production of @entity11017 and @entity6929 as shown in zymograms. The leached dust induced predominantly @entity6929 , which was maximal at 4 hours and 1 day. In contrast, the soluble fraction induced almost exclusive 4 @entity11017 , also maximal at 4 hours and 1 day; this enzyme was also produced in response to soluble @entity219 , the most prevalent soluble metal in the EHC samples. The results demonstrate the rapid production and secretion of MMPs in the lung after particle deposition. A differential pattern of MMP production is seen with @entity6929 , likely from inflammatory cells, being produced in response to the insoluble particles, and @entity11017 , likey from epithelial cells, being produced in response to the water-soluble fraction of the atmospheric dust.

title: Differential production of metalloproteinases after instilling various urban air particle samples to XXXX lung.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['Lung injury']

entities_list: @entity46967 :: ('CHEBI:53472', 'Chemical') :: ['copper chloride']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This report describes the clinical findings and diagnostic images of a @entity130 with a @entity7261 in a cat. Furthermore, a complete description of the tracheal resection and @entity254 using one-lung ventilation (OLV) with total and partial intravenous anesthesia is made. CASE SUMMARY: A 3-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat weighing 6.8 kg was presented to the University Teaching Hospital for evaluation of increased respiratory noise 3 months following unknown @entity130 . Approximately 12 weeks prior to presentation, the cat had been seen by the primary care veterinarian for respiratory distress. At that time, the cat had undergone a tracheal ballooning procedure for a distal tracheal stricture diagnosed by tracheoscopy. The tracheal ballooning had provided only temporary relief. At presentation to our institution, the cat had increased respiratory effort with harsh upper airway noise auscultated during thoracic examination. The remainder of the physical examination was normal. Diagnostics included a tracheoscopy and a thoracic computed tomographic examination. The cat was diagnosed with tracheal @entity155 , pseudotrachea with a @entity7261 , and stenosis of the avulsed tracheal ends. Surgical correction of the tracheal stricture via a thoracotomy was performed using OLV with total and partial intravenous anesthesia. The cat recovered uneventfully and at last follow-up was active and doing well. UNIQUE INFORMATION PROVIDED: This case report describes OLV using standard anesthesia equipment that is available at most private practices. Furthermore, this case describes the computed tomographic images of the @entity8276 and offers a positive outcome for tracheal resection and @entity254 .

title: Traumatic XXXX corrected with resection and @entity254 during one-lung ventilation and total intravenous anesthesia in a cat.

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal diverticulum']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion']

entities_list: @entity8276 :: ('MESH:D014133', 'Disease') :: ['intrathoracic tracheal avulsion']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic intrathoracic tracheal avulsion', 'trauma']

answer: @entity7261 :: (MESH:D004240,Disease) :: ['tracheal diverticulum']


abstract: Recently conducted clinical trials have provided impressive evidence that chemotherapy resistant metastatic @entity320 and several @entity1583 can be cured using adoptive T cell therapy or T cell-recruiting bispecific antibodies. However, a significant fraction of @entity1 did not benefit from these treatments. Here we have evaluated the feasibility of a novel combination therapy which aims to further enhance the killing potential of bispecific antibody-redirected T lymphocytes by using these cells as targeted delivery system for photosensitizing agents. For a first in vitro proof-of-concept study, ex vivo activated @entity1 donor T cells were loaded with a @entity25210 (PSS)-complex of the model photosensitizer 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin ( @entity68421 ). In the absence of light and when loading with the water-soluble PSS/mTHPP-complex occurred at a tolerable concentration, viability and cytotoxic function of loaded T lymphocytes were not impaired. When "drug-enhanced" T cells were co-cultivated with @entity5960 -expressing @entity1 @entity189 cells, mTHPP was transferred to target cells. Notably, in the presence of a bispecific antibody, which cross-links effector and target cells thereby inducing the cytolytic activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, significantly more photosensitizer was transferred. Consequently, upon irradiation of co-cultures, redirected drug-loaded T cells were more effective in killing A549 lung and SKOV-3 @entity43 cells than retargeted unloaded T lymphocytes. Particularly, the additive approach using redirected unloaded T cells in combination with appropriate amounts of separately applied PSS/mTHPP was less efficient as well. Thus, by loading T lymphocytes with a stimulus-sensitive anti- @entity5 drug, we were able to enhance the cytotoxic capacity of carrier cells. @entity9335 cells could open new perspectives for adoptive T cell therapy as well as targeted photodynamic therapy.

title: A photosensitizer delivered by bispecific antibody redirected T lymphocytes enhances cytotoxicity against XXXX -expressing @entity189 cells upon light irradiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity25210 :: ('MESH:C003321', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(styrene sulfonate)']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity9335 :: ('MESH:D010787', 'Disease') :: ['Photosensitizer boosted T']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity5960 :: (4072,Gene) :: ['EpCAM']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity27418 is a rare @entity5 with an incidence of 2.5 per million individuals. Early diagnosis is difficult as there is an absence of specific clinical presentations. The present case study reports a @entity1 diagnosed with @entity27418 who was treated by complete surgical resection and relapsed 3 months following the surgery. In addition, the clinical data of 14 @entity1 with @entity27418 were reviewed and analyzed. The mean age of the 14 @entity1 at presentation was 54.1 (range, 36-73 years) and 5/14 @entity1 experienced recurrence, ranging between 1 and 10 times. Of the 12 cases that reported histological subtypes, 7 were well-differentiated @entity1821 , 2 were @entity1821 , 2 were @entity243 and 1 was mixed subtype. All the @entity1 underwent complete resection and 5 received combined multiple organs resection (3 nephrectomy, 1 sigmoid colon and 1 multiple visceral organs). However, no @entity1 received chemotherapy or radiotherapy. In conclusion, @entity27418 is a @entity395 with a high rate of recurrence. Complete resection is the predominant treatment and combined resection of adjacent organs is occasionally necessary.

title: Management of XXXX : A case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disease']

entities_list: @entity243 :: ('MESH:D018208', 'Disease') :: ['myxoid liposarcoma']

entities_list: @entity27418 :: ('MESH:C538370', 'Disease') :: ['Retroperitoneal liposarcoma', 'retroperitoneal liposarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcoma', 'dedifferentiated liposarcoma']

answer: @entity27418 :: (MESH:C538370,Disease) :: ['retroperitoneal liposarcoma']


abstract: Recent research in methods of fertility control for @entity1 is reviewed. The 3 pharmacologic modes of action that can be suppressed in the male include: 1) formation of sperm by the testes; 2) maturation of sperm within the epididymis; or 3) transport of sperm from the testes through the epididymis, vas deferens, and urethra. Drugs to interfere with these processes have been identified. The most advanced method of interference with sperm production entails @entity134 suppression of gonadal function, through inhibition of gonadotropin release by the pituitary gland. @entity172 ; @entity7828 ; @entity3800 , including anabolic agents; and antiandrogens are among the @entity230 clinically tested. The use of combined @entity3800 and progestins seems promising. Antimetabolic agents that suppress spermatogenesis or interrupt spermatozoal development by blocking a critical process seem less likely to become clinically available. An alternative approach is through interference with sperm maturation. A number of drugs abolish the ability to ejaculate semen while retaining the capacity for erection and orgasm, but they all have serious side effects. Synthesis and identification of analogs with specific action on the short adrenergic neurons of the male reproductive tract will be required for this approach to male contraception.

title: Pharmacologic approaches to contraception in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['Estrogens']

entities_list: @entity7828 :: ('MESH:D011372', 'Chemical') :: ['progestins']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: PURPOSE: MiRNA expression profiles previously showed the higher expression of @entity16105 in bone marrow samples of @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) @entity1 than normal controls. Our aim was to investigate associations of @entity16105 expression with @entity5 progression and prognosis in @entity3052 . METHODS: Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to detect the expression of @entity16105 in bone marrow mononuclear cells and serum obtained from @entity1 with @entity3052 and healthy controls. RESULTS: Expression levels of @entity16105 in the bone marrow and serum of @entity3052 @entity1 were both significantly higher than those in normal controls (both P  <  0.001). Then, high serum @entity16105 level occurred more frequently in French-American-British classification subtype M7 subtype than in other subtypes (P  =  0.03). The expression of serum @entity16105 in @entity3052 @entity1 with unfavorable karyotypes was also significantly higher than those in intermediate and favorable groups (P  =  0.008). Moreover, high serum @entity16105 level was markedly associated with shorter relapse-free and overall survivals (both P  <  0.001) of @entity1 with @entity3052 . Furthermore, the multivariate analysis identified the serum @entity16105 and cytogenetics risk as independent prognostic factors for both relapse-free and overall survivals. More importantly, the prognostic relevance of serum @entity16105 expression was more obvious in the subgroup of @entity1 with intermediate-risk cytogenetics. CONCLUSION: Our data offer the convincing evidence for the first time that serum @entity16105 level may be markedly and consistently increased in @entity3052 patients. Serum @entity16105 may serve as a promising marker for monitoring the progression and predicting the clinical outcome of @entity1 with this disease.

title: High serum microRNA-335 level predicts aggressive XXXX progression and unfavorable prognosis in @entity3052 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['AML', 'pediatric acute myeloid leukemia', 'pediatric AML']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: There is general agreement regarding the most appropriate examinations and methods to use to evaluate change in status in @entity23 ( @entity23 ). However, no guidelines exist to aid in determining and evaluating actual status rather than change in status, particularly when applied to individual @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). In addition, methods appropriate for clinical trials may not be useful in evaluating individual @entity1 because of time constraints. This report reviews current methods of evaluation and develops modified methods, based on data bank research that will be useful in clinical practice and in the evaluation of @entity23 and observational studies. Using data from longitudinal observational data banks, further reduction in the number of joints examined is evaluated to reconcile the time constraints of clinical practice with the need to maintain reliability and validity. Percentile methods to determine severity status are applied to the variables used in @entity23 and extended further to observational studies and routine clinical practice. Shortened joint counts, based on modifications of the Ritchie method, are identified that allow for examination of groups of 18 (clinical-18) and 16 (clinical-16) joints, the clinical-16 omitting the metatarsophalangeal joints. Using percentile charts, actual severity valuations are given to the variables evaluated in the clinic as well as in @entity23 . Disease activity status of clinic @entity1 can be determined quantitatively thus allowing clinicians further insight into the status and prognosis of their @entity1 . By quantifying disease activity severity, clinicians and 3rd party payers can better evaluate the appropriateness of and response to disease modifying antirheumatic drugs and biologic therapies. Further, @entity23 can be evaluated as to severity status of @entity1 participating, and the generalizability of @entity23 can be better evaluated.

title: Evaluating severity and status in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['RCT', 'randomized controlled trials']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ), @entity209 are associated with @entity729 and mortality. @entity409 , by affecting flow resistance and tissue perfusion, may explain the cardiovascular sequelae of @entity740 . We investigated whether advanced @entity740 is associated with a decrease in the functional and structural number of capillaries in skin and subsequently whether capillary rarefaction is related to mineral metabolism. METHODS: Capillary density was measured by nailfold microscopy in 19 predialysis and 35 @entity740 Stage 5 (CKD5) @entity1 and 19 controls. In @entity740 @entity1 , @entity460 , @entity3151 , parathyroid hormone, @entity14951 (25vitD3) and @entity3873 (1,25vitD3) were analysed as well. RESULTS: Capillary density at baseline was 42    15/mm(2) in predialysis @entity1 , 45    17/mm(2) in CKD5 @entity1 and 56    20/mm(2) in controls ( @entity1 versus controls, respectively, P < 0.05 and P = 0.05). Absolute capillary recruitment during post-occlusive reactive hyperaemia was 17    7/mm(2), 14    6/mm(2) and 23    8/mm(2), respectively (P < 0.05 for both @entity1 and controls). Capillary density during @entity432 was 59    20/mm(2), 59    21/mm(2) and 77    21/mm(2), respectively (P < 0.05 for both @entity1 and controls). In multiple regression analysis, both serum @entity3151 and @entity3157 values were independently and inversely associated with capillary density at baseline (r(2) of model = 19%) as well as during @entity432 (r(2) of model = 28%). Furthermore, both serum @entity3151 and @entity3157 were inversely and female gender positively correlated with capillary density during recruitment (r(2) of model = 37%). CONCLUSION: Advanced @entity740 is characterized by an impaired functional and structural capillary density in skin, which is related to both high @entity3151 and @entity3157 values.

title: Capillary rarefaction in advanced @entity740 is associated with high @entity3151 and XXXX levels.

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['disorders of mineral metabolism']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['1,25-dihydroxyvitaminD3']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Microvascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'CKD-associated disorders of mineral metabolism', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous occlusion']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['vascular calcifications']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity14951 :: ('MESH:D002112', 'Chemical') :: ['25-hydroxyvitaminD3']

answer: @entity3157 :: (CHEBI:17544,Chemical) :: ['bicarbonate']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity1317 is the most devastating complication of laparoscopy, occurring most commonly during the laparoscopic entry phase. Our goal is to report our experience with major @entity1317 during laparoscopic entry with closed- and open-access techniques in urologic procedures. METHODS: All 5347 @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic urologic procedures from 1996 to 2011 at our hospital were included in the study. Laparoscopic entry was carried out by either the closed Veress needle technique or the modified open Hasson technique. @entity1 ' charts were reviewed retrospectively to investigate for access-related major @entity1317 . RESULTS: The closed technique was used in the first 474 operations and the open technique in the remaining 4873 cases. Three cases of major @entity1317 were identified among our @entity1 . They were 3 @entity1 scheduled for nephrectomy without any history of surgery. All @entity130 occurred in the closed-access group during the setup phase with insertion of the first trocar. The injury location was the abdominal aorta in 2 @entity1 and the external iliac vein in 1 @entity1 . Management was performed after conversion to open surgery, control of @entity548 , and repair of the injured vessel. CONCLUSIONS: Given the high morbidity and mortality rates associated with major @entity1317 , its clinically higher incidence in laparoscopic urologic procedures with the closed-access technique leads us to suggest using the open technique for the entry phase of laparoscopy. Using the open-access technique may decrease laparophobia and encourage a higher number of urologists to enter the laparoscopy field.

title: XXXX in laparoscopic urology.

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury', 'Major vascular injury', 'vascular injuries']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['Major vascular injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM OF STUDY: Laser therapy is effective in relieving @entity5 , but repeated treatments at 4 to 6 week intervals are usually required. This prospective randomised trial is designed to determine if addition of brachytherapy offers any advantages over laser therapy alone. METHODS: @entity1 with inoperable @entity189 were randomised to receive either endoscopic Nd:YAG laser therapy alone, or laser followed by brachytherapy. @entity1 who developed worsening @entity1282 during follow-up were offered further treatment as appropriate. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity1 were randomised to receive laser only, and 12 to receive laser followed by brachytherapy. Of these 12, one was lost to follow-up and four did not receive brachytherapy because they were unfit, had extension into the @entity418 or had mainly extrinsic compression. These 4 are included on an 'intention-to-treat' basis. The mean therapeutic interval for the brachytherapy group was significantly longer, 83 days compared to 36 days for the laser group (p = 0.026). There were no differences in the degree of @entity1282 relief, number of endoscopic procedures or survival times. CONCLUSION: The preliminary results of this trial suggest that brachytherapy in addition to laser therapy prolongs the first therapeutic interval. However, no long-term advantages have been shown.

title: Laser therapy combined with brachytherapy for the palliation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the oesophagus']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant dysphagia']


abstract: Extrahepatic @entity1157 is a rare finding in infancy and early childhood. However, there is an increasing number of @entity1 operated at this age reported in the literature. This increase may have multifactorial reasons, e.g. real increase, better ability of detection as a result of better diagnostic techniques and knowledge of predisposing factors of extrahepatic @entity1157 in childhood, especially in early childhood and infancy. The following report describes three cases of extrahepatic @entity1157 treated at the Department of Surgery of the University of Technology in Aachen, Germany. From 1986 to 1998 28 @entity1 below 18 years were operated at our Department of Surgery. There was a recognizable increase of @entity1 in 1996, 1997 and 1998. Whereas from 1986 to 1995 an average of 1.5 Cholecystectomies in pediatric @entity1 were done, the years from 1996 to 1998 show an average of 5,33 @entity1 operated per year. Every @entity1 obtained a Cholecystectomy -- 15 conventional open Cholecystectomies and 13 Laparoscopies, which were primarily performed in @entity1 in our clinic in 1991. Besides cholecystectomy in one case a Hepaticoenterostomy was necessary and in another case surgical treatment of the Papilla of Vater and the Common Bile Duct was performed. In 22 @entity1 symptomatic @entity2963 was the indication for a Cholecystectomy. Another @entity1 had a @entity1127 consisting of heterotopic Duodenal glands, two @entity1 showed a @entity1085 following trauma and cardiac operation and three @entity1 had @entity2679 without @entity5990 . Clinical data was collected and retrospectively reviewed. Additionally, we created a personal questionnaire to carry through a follow-up. Three @entity1 were less than 3 1/2 years old. The youngest @entity1 was only 5 months old and presented with @entity2963 and @entity2877 . Another male @entity1 , aged 2 years received a Cholecystectomy and a Hepaticoenterostomy because of a Choledochal Cyst Type Ib (Todani-Classification). And a 3-year-old- @entity1 had a @entity1085 caused by @entity1031 following cardiac operation nine days before.

title: Treatment of extrahepatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'girl', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['shock gallbladder']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder polyp']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct disease in infancy and early childhood', 'bile duct disease']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstones']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['Cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['chronic Cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['Choledocholithiasis']

answer: @entity1157 :: (MESH:D001649,Disease) :: ['bile duct disease in infancy and early childhood']


abstract: Dendritic cells (DCs) take up @entity5 -specific antigen and migrate to regional lymph nodes to generate anti- @entity5 immunity. Although DC infiltration within @entity1 @entity5 tissue has been reported, the subset distribution has not been fully investigated. This study used immunohistochemistry to investigate DC subset distribution in @entity14 . DCs expressing @entity8730 , which are considered to be mature DCs, were present mainly in the invasive margin of @entity5 . @entity8730 (+) DCs in the invasive margin formed clusters with lymphocytes, the majority of which were CD45RO(+) T cells. The number of @entity404 (+) T cells was greater than that of @entity405 (+) T cells in these DC-lymphocyte clusters. The elongated cytoplasmic processes of @entity8730 (+) DCs engulfed @entity404 (+) T cells. DCs that express @entity4896 were located throughout @entity5 tissue. Although the number of @entity4896 (+) DCs was almost the same as that of @entity8730 (+) DCs in the invasive margin of @entity5 , @entity4896 (+) DCs were mostly scattered and rarely formed clusters with lymphocytes. DCs that expressed both @entity4896 and @entity8730 were rare. Moreover, about 20% of lymphocytes in DC-lymphocyte clusters were positive for Ki-67, and @entity8730 (+) DCs were attached to Ki-67(+) cells. @entity8730 (+) DCs were also present in T-cell areas that had a distinctive structure involving the presence of B-cell lymphoid follicles. These results suggest that in the invasive margin of the @entity14 , mature @entity8730 (+) DCs form clusters with T cells to promote T-cell activation for the generation of @entity5 -specific immunity.

title: Mature dendritic cells make clusters with T cells in the invasive margin of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer stroma', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer stroma', 'colorectal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: We studied the regulation of spontaneous activity in the embryonic (day 10-11) @entity1573 spinal cord. After bath application of either an excitatory @entity535 (AP-5 or CNQX) and a nicotinic cholinergic (DHbetaE or @entity6959 ) antagonist, or @entity2228 and @entity1246 receptor ( @entity1027 , @entity21690 , and @entity1026 ) antagonists, spontaneous activity was blocked for a period (30-90 min) but then reappeared in the presence of the drugs. The efficacy of the antagonists was assessed by their continued ability to block spinal reflex pathways during the reappearance of spontaneous activity. Spontaneous activity ceased over the 4-5 hour monitoring period when both sets of antagonists were applied together. After application of @entity2228 and @entity1246 receptor antagonists, the frequency of occurrence of spontaneous @entity2749 slowed and became highly variable. By contrast, during glutamatergic and nicotinic cholinergic blockade, the frequency of occurrence of spontaneous @entity2749 initially slowed and then recovered to stabilize near the predrug level of activity. Whole-cell recordings made from ventral spinal neurons revealed that this recovery was accompanied by an increase in the amplitude of spontaneously occurring synaptic events. We also measured changes in the apparent equilibrium potential of the rhythmic, synaptic drive of ventral spinal neurons using voltage or discontinuous current clamp. After excitatory blockade, the apparent equilibrium potential of the rhythmic synaptic drive shifted approximately 10 mV more negative to approximately -30 mV. In the presence of @entity1027 , the apparent equilibrium potential of the synaptic drive shifted toward the @entity2227 equilibrium potential. Considered with other evidence, these findings suggest that spontaneous rhythmic output is a general property of developing spinal networks, and that @entity1246 and glycinergic networks alter their function to compensate for the blockade of excitatory transmission.

title: Blockade and recovery of spontaneous rhythmic activity after application of neurotransmitter antagonists to spinal networks of the XXXX embryo.

entities_list: @entity1026 :: ('MESH:D013331', 'Chemical') :: ['strychnine']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1027 :: ('MESH:D001640', 'Chemical') :: ['bicuculline']

entities_list: @entity6959 :: ('MESH:D008464', 'Chemical') :: ['mecamylamine']

entities_list: @entity21690 :: ('MESH:C057491', 'Chemical') :: ['2-hydroxysaclofen']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the long-term outcomes of @entity291 ureter grafts as novel conduits for haemodialysis @entity292 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five @entity1 underwent placement of a total of 40 SynerGraft 100 (SG100; CryoLife Europa(  ), Guildford, UK) @entity291 ureter grafts between April 2002 and February 2009. Prospective data were collected on all @entity1 , including active surveillance with blood flow studies and 6-monthly duplex ultrasound studies. Main outcome measures were primary and secondary patency rates. RESULTS: Mean follow-up time was 97  weeks (range 4-270). Thirteen @entity1 died from unrelated causes during the study period; 12 of these @entity1 had a functioning graft at the time of @entity204 . Five @entity1 underwent transplantation, and all had a functioning graft at transplantation. Twelve @entity1 had a functioning graft at the end of the study period. One hundred and ten stenoses were detected, and 97 venoplasty procedures were performed. Of the stenoses, 41.8% were located at the venous anastomosis, 12.7% within the graft, 17.3% in the outflow veins, and 28.1% in central veins. No arterial stenoses were detected. Primary patency rates were 53% at 6  months and 14% at 1  year. Secondary patency rates were 81% at 6  months, 75% at 1  year, and 56% at 2  years. CONCLUSIONS: Active surveillance and intervention was able to achieve satisfactory long-term secondary patency for these novel conduits compared with those made of PTFE seen in other studies [1].

title: Results of a seven-year, single-centre experience of the long-term outcomes of XXXX ureter grafts used as novel conduits for haemodialysis @entity292 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity447 and B are treated with @entity2801 and @entity4682 replacement therapy. Treatment may be complicated by inhibitory antibodies that require bypass therapy such as FEIBA(  ) in which @entity556 (FII) is suggested to be the main active component. METHODS: To evaluate the effect of FII on @entity447 recombinant @entity1 (rh) FII (MEDI8111) or plasma-derived @entity1 FII (pdhFII) was given as single doses to anaesthetized @entity447 and B @entity19 3 min before tail transection and rhFVIII or rhFIX was used for comparison. After tail transection, automatic @entity548 registration was used to continuously measure @entity190 ( @entity190 ) and @entity548 time (BT). Thrombin generation and plasma concentrations of @entity1 @entity2801 , @entity4682 , FII and thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) were measured. RESULTS: @entity190 and BT were dose-dependently decreased by rhFVIII or rhFIX. The concentrations that decreased @entity190 and BT for rhFVIII by 50% (EC50) were 0.06 and 0.01 IU mL(-1) and for rhFIX 0.07 and 0.07 IU mL(-1) , respectively. Administration of rhFVIII and rhFIX dose-dependently increased thrombin generation potential but did not affect TAT. MEDI8111 and pdhFII dose-dependently decreased @entity190 and BT in @entity447 @entity19 , EC50 37 and 87 and 100 and 155 mg L(-1) respectively. In @entity4777 @entity19 given MEDI8111 EC50 was for @entity190 56 mg L(-1) and for BT 67 mg L(-1) . TAT and thrombin generation increased dose-dependently for MEDI8111 and pdhFII. CONCLUSION: MEDI8111 dose-dependently decreased @entity548 and increased procoagulant activity in @entity447 and B @entity19 and suggest that MEDI8111 may be useful for preventing @entity548 in @entity1 with @entity447 and B.

title: Recombinant @entity1 @entity556 (MEDI8111) prevents @entity548 in @entity447 and B XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['Haemophilia A', 'haemophilia', 'haemophilia A']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['BL', 'blood loss', 'Blood loss']

entities_list: @entity4777 :: ('MESH:D002836', 'Disease') :: ['haemophilia B']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Nowadays the number of asymptomatic, incidental @entity5 being detected increased as a result of the widespread use of noninvasive abdominal imaging modalities, including ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging. The aim of the study is to analyze the atypical, complex morphologic changes and anatomical variants of renal structure, with @entity5 -like appearance. This is important especially in screening revealing @entity5 in asymptomatic @entity1 or in @entity1 with atypical symptoms. Material comprises a group of 186 @entity1 in which the US examination was performed between 1996 and 2002, in 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical University of Lublin. In 20 @entity1 the local thickening of renal cortex was found, protruding from the surface of the kidney, so-called " @entity8 ", constituting the anatomical variation. In eight cases the cortex thickening suggesting the presence of the @entity8 , proved to be @entity703 . Diagnosing of small asymptomatic @entity5 , less than 3 cm in diameter, was difficult. They have appearance of protruding cortex thickening distorting the renal outlines. The assessment of renal outlines was an important morphologic factor. Small @entity703 showed @entity154 . Regular @entity5 shape was rarely seen in larger @entity5 . The normal renal shape was more often seen in small @entity5 , while the large mass produces irregular distortion of renal outline. In four cases the oblique section of the renal pyramid has within the central part of kidney the appearance of @entity5 . The differentiating of oval cortex thickenings protruding from the lateral renal margin--presenting "renal gibbuses"--and small @entity703 is difficult and requires supplementary helical CT examination with spatial reconstructions. Dynamic CT with early bolus of contrast agent and late sections is indicated. The lesion sizes, regularity of its margins, distortion of renal shape, echogenicity similar with the normal renal cortex were important in US examination. MR enhanced with @entity12306 and CT guided biopsy enables definite diagnosis.

title: Differential diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['anatomical anomalies']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal gibbus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'oval pseudo-tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumors']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['asymmetrical renal cortex thickening and solid renal tumours']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Semaphorins (SEMAs) consist of a large family of secreted and membrane-anchored proteins that are important in neuronal pathfinding and axon guidance in selected areas of the developing nervous system. Of them, @entity68347 has been reported to have a chemotactic activity in neurogenesis and to be an immunomodulator; however, little is known about the relevance of @entity68347 in the behaviors of @entity957 ( @entity957 ). METHODS: We evaluated @entity68347 expression in @entity957 -derived cell lines and primary @entity957 samples using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and semiquantitative immunohistochemistry (sq-IHC). In addition, @entity68347 knockdown cells (shSEMA7A cells) were used for functional experiments, including cellular proliferation, invasiveness, and migration assays. We also analyzed the clinical correlation between @entity68347 status and clinical behaviors in @entity1 with @entity957 . RESULTS: @entity68347 mRNA and protein were up-regulated significantly (P<0.05) in @entity957 -derived cell lines compared with @entity1 normal oral keratinocytes. The shSEMA7A cells showed decreased cellular growth by cell-cycle arrest at the G1 phase, resulting from up-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors ( @entity994 and @entity13525 ) and down-regulation of cyclins ( @entity4910 , cyclin E) and cyclin-dependent kinases ( @entity15308 , @entity8985 , and @entity14107 ); and decreased invasiveness and migration activities by reduced secretion of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) ( @entity1476 , proMMP-2, pro-MMP-9), and expression of @entity1551 ( @entity1551 ). We also found inactivation of the @entity584 pathways, an upstream molecule of cell-cycle arrest at the G1 phase, and reduced secretion of MMPs in shSEMA7A cells. sq-IHC showed that @entity68347 expression in the primary OSCCs was significantly (P = 0.001) greater than that in normal counterparts and was correlated with primary tumoral size (P = 0.0254) and regional lymph node @entity3 (P = 0.0002). CONCLUSION: Our data provide evidence for an essential role of @entity68347 in tumoral growth and @entity3 in @entity957 and indicated that @entity68347 may play a potential diagnostic/therapeutic target for use in @entity1 with @entity957 .

title: Semaphorin7A Promotion of Tumoral Growth and @entity3 in XXXX Oral Cancer by Regulation of G1 Cell Cycle and Matrix Metalloproteases: Possible Contribution to Tumoral Angiogenesis.

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OSCC', 'oral squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity584 :: ('207', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 and AKT']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the role of @entity1243 levels in the differential diagnosis of @entity843 . METHODS: Ascitic @entity1243 , @entity310 and serum @entity1243 levels were measured in 77 @entity1 with @entity843 (35 with @entity5 , 30 @entity82 and 12 @entity378 ). Control serum samples were obtained from 20 healthy subjects. @entity1243 and @entity310 levels were measured by ELISA. Body mass index (BMI) and percentage of body fat (BFM) by skin fold measurement were calculated for all @entity1 and control groups. Peritoneal biopsy, @entity843 cytology and cultures or biochemical values were used for the diagnosis of @entity1 . RESULTS: In @entity1 with @entity5 , the mean serum and @entity843 @entity1243 levels and their ratios were significantly decreased compared to the other @entity1 groups and controls. In @entity17289 , ascitic fluid @entity310 levels were significantly higher than @entity5 and @entity843 . BMI and BFM values did not distinguish between @entity1 and controls. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity5 , levels of @entity1243 and @entity310 were significantly lower than in @entity1 with @entity843 .

title: @entity1243 levels in the differential diagnosis between benign and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant ascites', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity843 :: ('MESH:D001201', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhotic sterile ascites', 'ascites', 'tuberculous ascites']

entities_list: @entity17289 :: ('MESH:D014395', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant ascites']


abstract: The aim of this report was to investigate the contribution of @entity1533 / @entity3098 alleles to  the expression of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ) in  Mexican @entity1 . A total of 257 @entity1 were included in the study: 61with @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ), 30 with high-grade ( @entity2784 ), 73 with @entity5 and 93 healthy females. All were Mexican Mestizos. For HLA class II typing, PCR-SSOP methodology was used. @entity1799 viral DNA was detected by PCR with specific primers for E6-E7 region. @entity1799 was found in 52% of the @entity1 with @entity5  as well as in 19% of @entity1 with @entity2784 and in 12.5% of females with @entity2784 . @entity1533   04:03 (OR  = 5.88) was found increased in @entity1 with @entity2784 as compared with controls, although significance (p  = 0.04) was lost after correction (pc  =NS). @entity1533   04:03 seems to influence the risk for developing @entity2784 , disregarding the presence of @entity1799 . @entity1533   01:01 (OR  = 0.12; p  = 0.01) may confer protection to the development of @entity5 . An analysis performed stratifying by the presence of @entity1799 infection showed that the frequency of @entity1533   04:07 (OR  = 2.71) was increased in @entity5 @entity1 infected with @entity1799 , confirming that the HLA association is HPV dependent. These results shed light on the influence that this virus may have in the expression of @entity5 in the susceptible host. Genetic background is, therefore, a crucial factor in understanding the etiopathogenesis of @entity5 in HPV-positive @entity1 .

title: @entity1799 and @entity1533 alleles are associated with cervical carcinoma in Mexican Mestizo XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['CC', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['squamous intraepithelial lesion', 'SIL', 'LSIL', 'HSIL', 'low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To verify changes in left ventricular (LV) volumes and regional myocardial wall motion after implantation of a textile cardiac support device (CSD) for passive external constraint in @entity384 . METHODS: In nine male @entity1 participating in a non-randomized clinical trial LV volumes were determined and the segmental LV wall motion was studied by contrast-enhanced electron-beam CT in a sectionwise manner at three ventricular levels (base, middle and apex of ventricle) before and 32+/-6 months after CSD implantation. In 16 myocardial segments ejection fraction and wall thickening were measured semiautomatically after drawing the myocardial contours. The wall motion score index was calculated based on semiquantitative visual grading in each segment. RESULTS: The global LV volumes decreased significantly from 304.3 +/- 90.9 to 231.5 +/- 103.9 ml at end-diastole and from 239.7 +/- 83.7 to 164.0 +/- 97.7 at end-systole (P<0.05). Overall ejection fraction increased from 14.8 +/- 8.2 to 25.7 +/- 17.1% (P<0.05). A segment-by-segment analysis demonstrated a significant increase of regional ejection fraction in the basal myocardium as well as in the mid-inferior, mid-inferolateral, and mid-anterolateral myocardium. Overall wall thickening increased from 16.4 +/- 13.3 to 24.2 +/- 18.1% (P<0.05), but without significant differences in a segment-by-segment comparison. The mean wall motion score index improved from 2.70 +/- 0.26 to 2.20 +/- 0.71 (P<0.05), with an increased wall motion in eight (89%) @entity1 . A section-by-section analysis demonstrated significantly improved wall motion in the inferior and lateral segments at each ventricular level. Postoperatively, the number of @entity2845 and markedly @entity5048 segments decreased significantly (P<0.05) from 56 (39%) to 26 (18%) and from 76 (53%) to 56 (37%), respectively. CONCLUSION: CSD implantation improves segmental wall motion, predominantly in the inferior and lateral myocardium, and reduces the number of @entity2845 and @entity5048 segments.

title: Passive external cardiac constraint improves segmental left ventricular wall motion and reduces @entity2845 area in XXXX with @entity384 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity5048 :: ('MESH:C536231', 'Disease') :: ['hypokinetic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We recently reported the isolation of a unique subpopulation of @entity1 stromal cells from bone marrow (BM) termed marrow-isolated adult multilineage inducible (MIAMI) cells, capable of differentiating in vitro into mature-like cells from all three germ layers. The @entity26 tension ( @entity4095 ) in BM ranges from 1 to 7%, which prompted us to examine the role of @entity4095 in regulating the capacity of MIAMI cells both to self-renew and maintain their pluripotentiality ( @entity3308 ) or to progress toward osteoblastic differentiation. MIAMI cells were grown under low- @entity4095 conditions (1, 3, 5, and 10% @entity26 ) or air (21% @entity26 ). The proliferation rate of cells exposed to 3% @entity26 (3 days) increased, resulting in cell numbers more than threefold higher than those of cells exposed to air (at 7 days). In cells grown under osteoblastic differentiation conditions, the expression of the osteoblastic markers osteocalcin, bone sialoprotein, @entity8088 , and @entity8087 and alkaline phosphatase activity was upregulated when incubated in air; however, it was blocked at low (3%) @entity4095 . Similarly, biomineralization of long-term cell cultures was high under osteoblastic differentiation conditions in air but was undetectable at low (3%) @entity4095 . In contrast, low @entity4095 upregulated mRNAs for @entity4729 , @entity21547 , telomerase reverse transcriptase, and @entity519 -inducible factor-1 alpha, and increased the expression of SSEA-4 compared to air. Moreover, the expression of embryonic stem cell markers was sustained even under osteogenic culture conditions. Similar results were obtained using commercially available marrow stromal cells. We hypothesize a physiological scenario in which primitive MIAMI cells self-renew while localized to areas of low @entity4095 in the bone marrow, but tend to differentiate toward osteoblasts when they are located closer to blood vessels and exposed to higher @entity4095 . Our results strongly suggest that maintaining developmentally primitive @entity1 cells in vitro at low @entity4095 would be more physiological and favor @entity3308 over differentiation.

title: Low @entity26 tension inhibits osteogenic differentiation and enhances @entity3308 of XXXX MIAMI cells.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cerebellar @entity816 (CPA) bears a well-deserved reputation of benignity. However, these @entity5 infiltrate the brainstem in a number of cases, and total removal may cause morbidity, whereas subtotal removal can lead to recurrence. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To define guidelines for @entity5 removal, management of @entity5 remnants and recurrence, we reviewed 72 cases of CPA of childhood operated on in our department since the introduction of CT. RESULTS: Surgical removal was total in 57 cases, had to be withheld because of brainstem infiltration in nine cases, and was revealed subtotal by postoperative imaging in six cases. Two of the latter were reoperated on; six had only radiological controls and did not progress. Early in the series, eight @entity1 had external irradiation because of subtotal removal or recurrence. Three @entity1 were reoperated on for @entity5 recurrence, between six and eight years after complete removal. We had no @entity5 -related mortality; long-term disability could be related to previous @entity1032 , the severity of clinical state at presentation, and complications of surgery and irradiation. CONCLUSION: The goal of surgery is to cure the @entity1 with minimal morbidity, however, total removal is not always possible. In our experience: i) @entity5 remnants can be surveyed radiologically, and reoperated only in case of progression; ii) the indications for radiotherapy should be the exception; iii) clinical and radiological follow-up should be protracted beyond entry into adulthood.

title: [Cerebellar XXXX in @entity1 . Report of 72 cases].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['pilocytic astrocytoma']

answer: @entity816 :: (MESH:D001254,Disease) :: ['pilocytic astrocytomas']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective longitudinal observational study using baseline and follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). OBJECTIVE: To study the natural history of @entity1797 , focusing on the significance of changes affecting the individual components of the intervertebral disc. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The natural history of the @entity179 is poorly understood. Focusing on the relative prevalence, temporal evolution, and interactions of pathology in the anulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus, and the end plates can help in better understanding of this process. METHODS: MRIs of the lumbar spine in 63 @entity1 , obtained at a mean interval of 30 months, were evaluated independently by two neuroradiologists to assess the temporal evolution of degeneration changes in 378 discs between T12 through S1 segments. In addition, a direct side-by-side comparison of two studies was also performed. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the association between the degeneration of individual disc components and to find the predictors of @entity528 . RESULTS: Radial anular tears and end plate defects were associated with worse @entity528 at the time of the initial study. Both end plate defects and @entity528 were rare in the absence of radial tears. Multiple nominal logistic regression analysis showed that radial tears and herniation at the time of the initial study, along with the duration between the two imaging studies were the significant predictors of @entity528 . Age, sex, and the segmental disc level did not show any significant association with temporal progression of @entity528 . CONCLUSION: Radial tears and herniation are significant predictors of progressive @entity528 , which was not seen in the absence of radial tears. End plate defects also frequently occur before @entity528 but rarely in the absence of anular tears.

title: Temporal interactions of degenerative changes in individual components of the lumbar intervertebral discs: a sequential magnetic resonance imaging study in XXXX less than 40 years of age.

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disc disease']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['worsening nuclear degeneration', 'future degeneration', 'nuclear degeneration']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Tick-borne spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsioses are emerging infectious diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Madagascar, the endemicity of @entity7545 and their vectors has been incompletely studied. The first part of the present study was conducted in 2011 and 2012 to identify potential anthropophilic tick vectors for SFG rickettsiae on @entity291 from seven Malagasy regions, and to detect and characterize rickettsiae in these ticks. Amblyomma variegatum was the only anthropophilic tick species found on 262 @entity291 . Using a novel ompB-specific qPCR, screening for rickettsial DNA was performed on 111 A. variegatum ticks. Rickettsial DNA was detected in 96 of 111 ticks studied (86.5%). @entity26357 africae was identified as the only infecting @entity26357 using phylogenetic analysis of ompA and ompB gene sequences and three variable intergenic spacers from 11 ticks. The second part of the study was a cross-sectional survey for antibodies against SFG rickettsiae in plasma samples taken from healthy, pregnant @entity1 at six locations in Madagascar, two at sea level and four between 450 and 1300m altitude. An indirect fluorescent antibody test with @entity7587 as surrogate SFG rickettsial antigen was used. We found @entity7587 -seropositives at all altitudes with prevalences between 0.5% and 3.1%. Our results suggest that A. variegatum ticks highly infected with @entity26357 are the most prevalent @entity291 -associated tick vectors for @entity221 in Madagascar. Transmission of @entity221 to @entity1 occurs at different altitudes in Madagascar and should be considered as a relevant cause of febrile diseases.

title: High detection rate of @entity26357 africae in Amblyomma variegatum but low prevalence of anti-rickettsial antibodies in healthy pregnant XXXX in Madagascar.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['SFG rickettsiosis']

entities_list: @entity26357 :: ('35788', 'Species') :: ['Rickettsia', 'R. africae', 'rickettsia']

entities_list: @entity7587 :: ('781', 'Species') :: ['Rickettsia conorii', 'R. conorii']

entities_list: @entity7545 :: ('MESH:D017282', 'Disease') :: ['tick-borne rickettsiae']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prevalence and incidence of @entity99 are estimated from autopsy series only. Although benign and generally asymptomatic, @entity99 can cause serious complications. AIMS: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of @entity99 and to attempt to quantify the risk of major complications such as @entity1409 . METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the radiology database of a Regional University Hospital over a 7-year period: the radiological records of 83,181 @entity1 who had an abdominal computed tomography or magnetic resonance scan were reviewed. Diagnoses made at imaging were reviewed and related to clinical course. RESULTS: @entity99 was diagnosed in 2071 @entity1 (2.5% prevalence). In 226 @entity1 (10.9%), haemangioma had diameter of 4cm or more ( @entity2967 ). The risk of @entity548 was assessed on @entity1 without concomitant @entity5 . Spontaneous @entity548 occurred in 5/1067 @entity1 (0.47%). All 5 @entity1 had @entity2967 : 4 had exophytic lesions and presented with haemoperitoneum; 1 with centrally located @entity5 experienced @entity548 . CONCLUSION: @entity2967 have a low but relevant risk of @entity397 (3.2% in this series), particularly when peripherally located and exophytic. Surgery might be considered in these cases.

title: Prevalence and clinical outcome of XXXX with specific reference to the risk of @entity397 : A large retrospective cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'intrahepatic bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1409 :: ('MESH:D012422', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous rupture']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['giant haemangioma', 'Giant haemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic haemangioma', 'Hepatic haemangioma']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic haemangioma']


abstract: The adhesive proteins in the desmosome type of cell junction consist of two members of the cadherin superfamily, the desmogleins and desmocollins. Both desmogleins and desmocollins occur as at least three different isoforms with various patterns of expression. The molecular mechanisms controlling the differential expression of the desmosomal cadherin isoforms are not yet known. We have begun an investigation of desmoglein gene expression by cloning and analysing the promoters of the @entity1 genes coding for the type 1 and type 3 desmogleins ( @entity7620 and @entity8260 ). The type 1 isoform is restricted to the suprabasal layers of the epidermis and is the autoantigen in the autoimmune blistering @entity272 pemphigus foliaceous. The type 3 desmoglein isoform is also expressed in the epidermis, but in lower layers than the type 1 isoform, and is the autoantigen in @entity7271 . @entity5999 genomic clones were obtained containing 4.2 kb upstream of the translation start site of @entity7620 and 517 bp upstream of the @entity8260 start site. Sequencing of 660 bp upstream of @entity7620 and 517 bp upstream of @entity8260 revealed that there was no obvious TATA box, but a possible CAAT box was present at -238 in @entity7620 and at -193 in @entity8260 relative to the translation start site. Primer extension analysis and RNase protection experiments revealed four putative transcription initiation sites for @entity7620 at positions -163, -151, -148 and -141, and seven closely linked sites for @entity8260 , the longest being at -140 relative to the translation start site. The sequences at these possible sites at -166 to -159 in @entity7620 (TTCAGTCC) and at -124 to -117 in @entity8260 (CTTAGACT) have some similarity to the initiator sequence (CTCANTCT) described for a TATA-less promoter often from -3 to +5, and the true transcription initiator site might therefore be the A residue in these sequences. There were two regions of similarity between the @entity7620 and @entity8260 promoters just upstream of the transcription initiation sites, of 20 and 13 bp, separated by 41 bp in @entity7620 and 36 bp in @entity8260 . The significance of these regions of similarity remains to be elucidated, but the results suggest that they represent a point at which these two desmoglein genes are co-ordinately regulated. Analysis of the upstream sequences revealed GC-rich regions and consensus binding sites for transcription factors including @entity1178 and @entity18720 . Exon boundaries were conserved compared with the classical cadherin E-cadherin, but the equivalent of the second cadherin intron was lacking. A 4.2 kb region of the @entity1 @entity7620 promoter sequence was linked to the lacZ gene reporter gene in such a way that there was only one translation start site, and this construct was used to generate @entity19 . We present the first transgenic analysis of a promoter region taken from a desmosomal cadherin gene. Our results suggest that the 4.2 kb upstream region of @entity7620 does not contain all the regulatory elements necessary for correct expression of this gene but might have elements that regulate activity during hair growth.

title: Characterization of the regulatory regions in the @entity1 desmoglein genes encoding the pemphigus foliaceous and XXXX antigens.

entities_list: @entity7271 :: ('MESH:D010392', 'Disease') :: ['pemphigus vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disease']

answer: @entity7271 :: (MESH:D010392,Disease) :: ['pemphigus vulgaris']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate factors that might influence the recurrence of both @entity2531 and @entity75 following laparoscopic treatment of @entity46 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study in a University teaching hospital. We reviewed data from @entity1 referred for laparoscopy between March 1993 and November 2007. We selected @entity1 who were followed up throughout Transvaginal-ultrasound (TV-US) after a first conservative laparoscopy for @entity46 . After laparoscopy, all @entity1 were followed up according to an internal protocol: a standard gynaecologic examination, the assessment of @entity2531 and a TV-US scan that were repeated at 3, 6, and 12 months, and subsequently on a yearly basis. Sixteen factors were assessed by univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate their associations with recurrence of @entity75 and @entity158 related- @entity46 . RESULTS: 401 @entity1 were enrolled. A total of 154 (38.4%) experienced moderate or severe @entity158 after laparoscopy; @entity75 were observed by TV-US in 74 (18.4%) @entity1 . In the multivariable model, age at menarche, severity of chronic @entity2371 (CPP) and dysmenorrhoea prior to surgery were significant risk factors for recurrence/occurrence of @entity158 . Age at the first laparoscopy, stage of disease, pre-operative severity of CPP, and pregnancy were predictive factors of the recurrence for such lesions. CONCLUSION: The severity of CPP prior to the first laparoscopy showed the only significant factor in the overall prediction of recurrence of @entity158 and @entity75 . @entity1 with severe CPP at the time of their first surgery might represent a sub-group of @entity1 with a more aggressive form of @entity46 .

title: Long-term follow-up after laparoscopic treatment for @entity46 : multivariate analysis of predictive factors for recurrence of XXXX and @entity158 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['endometriotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['painful symptoms']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['endometriotic lesions']


abstract: Little is known about factors that affect the indigenous populations of rhizobia in soils. We compared the abundance, diversity and genetic structure of @entity14441 viciae populations in soils under different crop managements, i.e., wheat and @entity2829 monocultures, crop rotation, and permanent grassland. Rhizobial populations were sampled from nodules of @entity3587 - or vetch plants grown in soils collected at three geographically distant sites in France, each site comprising a plot under long-term @entity2829 monoculture. Molecular characterization of isolates was performed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism of 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer as a neutral marker of the genomic background, and PCR-restriction fragment length 0polymorphism of a nodulation gene region, nodD, as a marker of the symbiotic function. The diversity, estimated by richness in types and Simpson's index, was consistently and remarkably lower in soils under @entity2829 monoculture than under the other soil managements at the three sites, except for the permanent grassland. The highest level of diversity was found under @entity3505 monoculture. @entity377 sequences of the main rDNA intergenic spacer types were determined and sequence analysis showed that the prevalent genotypes in the three @entity2829 fields were closely related. These results suggest that long-term @entity2829 monoculturing decreased the diversity of @entity14441 viciae populations and favored a specific subgroup of genotypes, but the size of these populations was generally preserved. We also observed a shift in the distribution of the symbiotic genotypes within the populations under @entity2829 monoculture, but the diversity of the symbiotic genotypes was less affected than that of IGS types. The possible effect of such changes on biological @entity1568 fixation remains unknown and this requires further investigation.

title: Long-term effects of crop management on XXXX viciae populations.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['Nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity14441 :: ('384', 'Species') :: ['Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar', 'R. leguminosarum biovar']

answer: @entity14441 :: (384,Species) :: ['Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar']


abstract: In this retrospective clinical study the incidence of complications in 58 consecutive, with anterior screw fixation stabilized @entity1 after @entity174 of the odontoid process is evaluated. In 51 @entity1 the @entity174 has been defined as type II according to Anderson, in 6 @entity1 an oblique @entity174 was present and one @entity1 showed a cephalad @entity174 . Preoperatively, in only 19 % of the @entity1 (n = 11) no dislocation of the dens occurred. 32 @entity1 were treated with single screw osteosynthesis, in 26 @entity1 two screws were implanted. Significant complications with clinical relevance were registered in 14 @entity1 (24 %), in 10 cases (17 %) an operative reintervention was required. Intraoperatively, in one @entity1 a @entity397 of the carotid artery while winding around the motor drill occurred and in another case a complete malplacement of the screw posteriorly to the odontoid process was observed. A clearly excentric positioning of the implant was evaluated in 5 @entity1 with a consecutive high rate of implant migration (n = 3). Two @entity1 died perioperatively not related to the cervical injury. Postoperatively, one @entity1 with a @entity2737 due to an iatrogenic perforation of the esophagus required reoperation as well as 4 @entity1 with instability because of implant migration. @entity1 beyond the age of 65 years (n = 3) were significantly overrepresented in that group. In one case, the secondary intervention was caused by a @entity1516 of the dens @entity2270 . Complications without any relevance to the clinical and functional long term result were fusions in malposition of the odontoid process in 14 @entity1 (24 %) and 10 (17 %) marginal screw perforations laterally. Differences in the use of one or two screws have not been observed in this study, although the investigations showed a tendency between marginal lateral screw perforations and double screw osteosynthesis and an increasing number of complications in the geriatric cohort.

title: [Incidence of complications of the screw osteosynthesis of odontoid process XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'type III fracture', 'type II fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infection']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudarthrosis']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: We evaluated efficacy, @entity137 and potential synergism of adenoviral-mediated @entity1014 kinase (tk)- @entity4540 (GCV) gene therapy in combination with 4 cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents ( @entity632 , @entity900 , @entity1138 , and @entity1499 ) in 3 @entity1 @entity150 cell lines. Cell lines were exposed to (1) 10 different concentrations of adenovirus expressing tk plus GCV; (2) 8 different concentrations of either @entity632 , @entity1499 , @entity1138 or @entity900 ; or (3) combination treatment consisting of either low-, medium- or high-dose tk-GCV gene therapy plus 8 different concentrations of a single chemotherapeutic agent. Cell survival was determined using a @entity98 -based cell proliferation-assay. For most combinations, adding chemotherapy to tk-GCV gene therapy did not result in any therapeutic benefit. In some scenarios, we observed modest improvement with combinations of high-dose tk-GCV gene therapy and high-dose standard chemotherapy over tk-GCV monotherapy. Low concentrations of @entity1499 enhanced the antitumor effects of low- and medium-dose tk-GCV gene therapy. Low level negative interference between tk-GCV gene therapy and chemotherapy occurred in some combinations but was overall negligible. In general, adding chemotherapy to tk-GCV gene therapy did not demonstrate significant therapeutic benefit in vitro. High doses of chemotherapeutic agents should be used in combination with tk-GCV gene therapy in order to take advantage of the occasional instance where modest improvement occurred with combination therapy. Additional studies exploring the role of @entity1499 in enhancing the tk-GCV system are required. Investigation of other, potentially more synergistic chemotherapeutic agents in combination with tk-GCV is warranted.

title: Combination of adenovirus-mediated XXXX kinase gene therapy with cytotoxic chemotherapy in @entity150 in vitro.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity4540 :: ('MESH:D015774', 'Chemical') :: ['ganciclovir']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1014 :: (MESH:D013936,Chemical) :: ['thymidine']


abstract: @entity364 is a rare cause of @entity2294 in @entity235 . This report describes the first case of @entity2294 and @entity2401 secondary to the fungal organism Inonotus tropicalis. A 9-year-old female spayed French bulldog with a multi-year history of treatment with glucocorticoids for management of atopy was presented for exercise intolerance, ascites and @entity353 . Physical examination and thoracic imaging revealed enlarged peripheral and cranial mediastinal lymph nodes, left ventricular thickening and @entity2293 . Fine needle aspiration of the cranial mediastinal lymph node showed @entity32 with short, thin and poorly septated hyphae. Culture of the aspirate yielded a fungal isolate identified as Inonotus tropicalis based on morphologic features and rRNA gene sequencing. Postmortem examination showed myocardial thickening with multifocal to coalescing, firm, white, ill-defined nodules. Histology confirmed the presence of disseminated @entity364 with extensive @entity296 . Inonotus tropicalis is an opportunistic poroid wood-decaying basidiomycete. Infection in this @entity235 was likely the result of chronic immunosuppressive therapy.

title: @entity2401 and XXXX secondary to Inonotus tropicalis (phylum Basidiomycota) in a @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['pyogranulomatous inflammation']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial involvement']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade secondary to pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['fungal pericardial effusion', 'pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection', 'Fungal disease']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

answer: @entity2294 :: (MESH:D010490,Disease) :: ['pericardial effusion']


abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate uptake of a @entity764 Protocol (ChIP), examine factors influencing its implementation and identify interventions for promoting its use. BACKGROUND: Failure to treat blunt @entity764 in a timely manner with sufficient @entity1337 , physiotherapy and respiratory support, can lead to complications such as @entity55 and @entity1576 and/or @entity204 . DESIGN: This is a mixed methods implementation evaluation study. METHODS: Two methods were used: 1) identification and review of the characteristics of all @entity1 eligible for the ChIP protocol, and 2) survey of hospital staff opinions mapped to the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to identify barriers and facilitators to implementation. The characteristics and treatment received between the groups were compared using the chi-square test or Fischer's exact test for proportions, and the Mann-Whitney U-test for continuous data. Quantitative survey data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data was coded in NVivo 10 using a coding guide based on the TDF and Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW). Identification of interventions to change target behaviours was sourced from the Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy Version 1 in consultation with stakeholders. RESULTS: Only 68.4% of eligible @entity1 received ChIP. Fifteen facilitators and 10 barriers were identified to influence the implementation of ChIP in the clinical setting. These themes were mapped to 10 of the 14 TDF domains and corresponded with all nine intervention functions in the BCW. Seven of these intervention functions were selected to address the target behaviours. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated how the BCW may be used to revise and improve a clinical protocol in the ED context. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Newly implemented clinical protocols should incorporate clinician behaviour change assessment, strategy and interventions. Enhancing the self-efficacy of emergency nurses when performing assessments has the potential to improve @entity1 outcomes and should be included in implementation strategy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Implementation evaluation and refinement of an intervention to improve blunt XXXX management - a mixed methods study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest injuries', 'Chest Injury']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

answer: @entity764 :: (MESH:D013898,Disease) :: ['chest injury']