abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is the most common form of @entity303 in @entity1 with Down Syndrome (DS). @entity934 is a chemical found in the brain that has an important role in memory, attention, reason and language. @entity11544 is a "pseudo-irreversible" inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, which is thought to maintain levels of @entity934 . @entity11544 can improve cognitive function and slow the decline of @entity195 in the general population over time. It is important to note that @entity1 with DS tend to present with @entity195 at a much younger age than the normal population as well as having subtle differences in physiology (e.g. metabolism and heart rate) and may therefore have different requirements from the general population. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effectiveness and safety of @entity11544 for @entity1 with DS who develop @entity195 . SEARCH STRATEGY: CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, BIOSIS, SCI, SSCI and the NRR were searched up to October 2008. We contacted the manufacturers of @entity11544 as well as experts in the field, to ask about reports of unpublished or ongoing trials. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials of @entity1 with DS and @entity195 in which treatment with @entity11544 was administered compared with a placebo group. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: No study was identified which met inclusion criteria for this review. MAIN RESULTS: No study was identified which met inclusion criteria for this review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: As there are no included trials, recommendations cannot be made about @entity11544 for @entity195 in DS. Well-designed, adequately powered studies are required.

title: @entity11544 for @entity303 in XXXX with Down syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity11544 :: ('MESH:C072506', 'Chemical') :: ['Rivastigmine', 'rivastigmine']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's dementia"]

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine', 'Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background   Anticoagulant treatment is recently being replaced by more aggressive endovascular modalities in the management of acute @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ). These techniques have been promoted to improve thrombus removal, prolong venous patency, prevent @entity4096 , and reduce post @entity715 . The aim of the present study is to overview the short-term results of percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy (PMT) for acute @entity1150 . Methods   This retrospective study is based on data from 21 acute @entity1150 @entity1 treated with PMT in the cardiovascular surgery department of a tertiary care center. The average age of @entity1 was 48.76 (range: 27-69). Retrievable inferior vena cava (IVC) filters were administered via right subclavian vein or contralateral femoral vein and withdrawn after PMT procedure. Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) was used for anticoagulation in the first 10 days postoperatively. Results   Venous patency was restored in 20/21 @entity1 (95%) at first month, and in 18/21 @entity1 (85%) at sixth month. Valvular competency was preserved in 16 @entity1 (76%). Balloon angioplasty with or without stent implantation was performed in three @entity1 with @entity850 in femoral or iliac veins. Conclusion   In conclusion, PMT is a safe and effective treatment modality that can be used alone in the treatment of acute @entity1150 of lower extremities in selected cases. Further controlled trials on larger series and reports on long-term results are warranted to document the actual therapeutic potential and safety this endovascular procedure.

title: Our Short-Term Results with Percutaneous Mechanical Thrombectomy for Treatment of Acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['venous insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['Deep Vein Thrombosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hyperopic shift and chorioretinal folds are common findings with intraorbital masses compressing the posterior pole of the globe. These signs usually regress after @entity5 excision. To the best of our knowledge this is the first reported case, where optical coherence tomography was used to document persistent chorioretinal folds after complete excision of a retrobulbar mass. CASE PRESENTATION: A 47-year-old Caucasian @entity1 was referred to our department with long-documented hyperopic shift and gradually decreasing vision in her left eye. Optical coherence tomography showed chorioretinal folds. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a retrobulbar mass which caused flattening of the posterior pole of the globe. The @entity5 was successfully removed, and was confirmed to be a cavernous haemangioma on histological assessment. 3  years after surgery the @entity1 still has a similar amount of @entity3467 and chorioretinal folds. CONCLUSION: @entity3193 and hyperopic shift may persist after @entity5 removal. Long term follow-up is advised to rule out recurrence of the intraorbital mass.

title: Long term follow-up of persistent XXXX and hyperopic shift after complete removal of a retrobulbar mass.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['complete tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3193 :: ('MESH:D015862', 'Disease') :: ['Choroidal folds']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopia']

answer: @entity3193 :: (MESH:D015862,Disease) :: ['choroidal folds']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although monitoring foot skin temperatures has been associated with @entity6 foot @entity1066 recurrence, no studies have been carried out to test the feasibility among European Caucasians. Moreover, the educational and/or motivational models that promote cognitive or psychosocial processes in these studies are lacking. Thus, we conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial to test the feasibility of monitoring foot skin temperatures in combination with theory-based counselling to standard foot care to reduce @entity6 foot @entity1066 recurrence. METHODS: In a single-blinded nurse-led 1-year controlled trial, conducted at a hospital setting in Norway, 41 @entity1 with @entity3949 and previous foot @entity1066 were randomized to the intervention (n   =   21) or control groups (n   =   20). All @entity1 were instructed in foot care and recording observations daily. Additionally, the intervention group was taught how to monitor and record skin temperature at baseline, and received counselling every third month supporting them to use the new treatment. Subjects observing temperature differences >2.0    C between corresponding sites on the left and right foot on two consecutive days were asked to contact the study nurse and reduce physical activity. Fisher exact test was used to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the proportion of subjects with a foot @entity1066 . Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to compare the two groups in regard to the time to development of a foot @entity1066 . RESULTS: In the intervention group, 67  % (n   =   14/21) monitored and recorded skin temperatures >= 80  % of the time while 70  % (n   =   14/20) of the controls recorded foot inspections. Foot @entity1066 incidence was 39  % (7/21) vs. 50  % (10/20) in the intervention and control groups, respectively (ns). CONCLUSIONS: This feasibility study showed that the addition of counselling to promote self-monitoring of skin temperature to standard care to prevent recurrence of foot @entity1066 is feasible in @entity1 with @entity6 in Norway. Home skin temperature monitoring was performed as frequently by the intervention group as usual foot observations in the controls despite the extra effort required. We did not detect a difference in foot @entity1066 recurrence between groups, but our study may inform future full scale studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01269502.

title: A pilot study testing the feasibility of skin temperature monitoring to reduce recurrent foot ulcers in XXXX with @entity6 - a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We reviewed the mechanisms of @entity342 actions and the established and experimental uses of antiandrogens in @entity1 . METHODS: Relevant studies were identified through a computerized bibliographic search (MEDLINE) and through manual review of bibliographies in relevant publications. RESULTS: @entity3800 exert major effects on the functions of gonads, sex organs, and various "nonreproductive" organs and systems, including muscles, liver, skin, nervous system, and the immune system. Most, but not all, of the actions of @entity3800 may be explained by their binding with specific @entity342 receptors. Antiandrogens prevent @entity3800 from expressing their activity at target cells. They act primarily by binding to @entity342 receptors and thus preventing activation of receptors by @entity3800 . Steroidal antiandrogens may also exert a wide range of other hormonal and antihormonal effects by interacting with receptors for @entity1420 , glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids. Furthermore, some antiandrogens may decrease the production of @entity3800 by acting at the hypothalamic-pituitary unit and modifying the release of LH, or by directly inhibiting individual enzymes involved in steroidogenesis. Antiandrogens are widely used in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity3428 , including @entity3610 , idiopathic @entity3427 , acne, @entity19857 , and hair loss. CONCLUSIONS: Antiandrogens provide a logical and clinically effective pharmacotherapy of @entity74 . However, both steroidal and nonsteroidal antiandrogens may cause significant side effects, largely because of their interactions not only with @entity342 receptors, but also with other receptors and various enzymatic activities. Difficulties in designing the optimal antiandrogen largely result from the complexities of @entity342 metabolism and action in various tissues.

title: XXXX and therapeutic aspects of antiandrogens in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity3428 :: ('MESH:D017588', 'Disease') :: ['various hyperandrogenic conditions']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hyperandrogenic disorders']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['Androgens', 'androgens']

entities_list: @entity3427 :: ('MESH:D006628', 'Disease') :: ['hirsutism']

answer: @entity3800 :: (MESH:D000728,Chemical) :: ['Androgens']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Severe @entity99 ( @entity99 ) is a life-threatening disease for which adequate oral nutritional support is recommended. We performed a randomized controlled trial to determine whether the combination of @entity228 and intensive enteral nutrition therapy is more effective than @entity228 therapy alone in @entity1 with severe @entity99 . METHODS: We enrolled 136 heavy consumers of @entity285 (age, 18-75 y) with recent onset of @entity1087 and biopsy-proven severe @entity99 in our study, performed at 18 hospitals in Belgium and 2 in France, from February 2010 through February 2013. Subjects were assigned randomly (1:1) to groups that received either intensive enteral nutrition plus @entity1667 or conventional nutrition plus @entity1667 (controls). In the intensive enteral nutrition group, enteral nutrition was given via feeding tube for 14 days. The primary end point was @entity1 survival for 6 months. RESULTS: In an intention-to-treat analysis, we found no significant difference between groups in 6-month cumulative mortality: 44.4% of @entity1 died in the intensive enteral nutrition group (95% confidence interval [CI], 32.2%-55.9%) and 52.1% of controls died (95% CI, 39.4%-63.4%) (P  = .406). The enteral feeding tube was withdrawn prematurely from 48.5% of @entity1 , and serious adverse events considered to be related to enteral nutrition occurred in 5 @entity1 . Regardless of group, a greater proportion of @entity1 with a daily calorie intake less than 21.5 kcal/kg/day died (65.8%; 95% CI, 48.8-78.4) than @entity1 with a higher intake of calories (33.1%; 95% CI, 23.1%-43.4%) (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: In a randomized trial of @entity1 with severe @entity99 treated with @entity288 , we found that intensive enteral nutrition was difficult to implement and did not increase survival. However, low daily energy intake was associated with greater mortality, so adequate nutritional intake should be a main goal for treatment. ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT01801332.

title: Intensive Enteral Nutrition Is Ineffective for Individuals With Severe XXXX Treated With Corticosteroids.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic hepatitis', 'AH']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['Alcoholic Hepatitis']


abstract: Free-ranging @entity27414 ( @entity27414 latirostris) consume a variety of sea grasses and algae. This study compared the @entity62 ( @entity62 ) content, proximate nutrients ( @entity1131 [ @entity1131 ], @entity4543 -extracted crude fat [EE], nonfiber @entity1735 [NFC], and ash), and the calculated digestible energy (DE) of sea grasses (Thalassia testudinum, Halodule wrightii, and Syringodium filiforme) collected in spring, summer, and winter, and an alga (Chara sp.) with those of romaine lettuce ( @entity12681 . longifolia). Neutral-detergent fiber (NDF), acid-detergent fiber (ADF), and lignin (L) measured after ash-extraction were also compared. Results of statistical tests (C = 0.01) revealed @entity62 content was higher in aquatic vegetation than in lettuce (P = 0.0001), but NDF and ADF were up to threefold greater, EE (P = 0.00001) and @entity1131 (P = 0.00001) were 2-9 times less, and NFC (P = 0.0001) was 2-6 times lower in sea grass than in lettuce, on a @entity62 basis. Chara was lower in NDF, ADF, L, EE, @entity1131 , and NFC relative to lettuce on a @entity62 basis. Ash content ( @entity62 basis) was higher (P = 0.0001), and DE was 2-6 times lower in aquatic vegetation than in lettuce. Sea grass rhizomes had lower L and higher ash contents ( @entity62 basis) than sea grass leaves. Based on the nutrient analyses, romaine lettuce and sea grasses are not equivalent forages, which suggests that the current diet of captive @entity27414 should be reassessed.

title: Proximate nutrient analyses of four species of submerged aquatic vegetation consumed by @entity27414 ( @entity27414 latirostris) compared to romaine lettuce ( XXXX var. longifolia).

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'crude protein']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity12681 :: ('4236', 'Species') :: ['Lactuca sativa var']

entities_list: @entity27414 :: ('9778', 'Species') :: ['Trichechus manatus', 'Florida manatees']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'dry matter']

answer: @entity12681 :: (4236,Species) :: ['Lactuca sativa']


abstract: @entity957 ( @entity6461 ) of the stomach is rare. Its pathogenesis is also unclear and there are conflicting reports about it in the past. Only about 100 cases have been reported so far in the literature. The current study discusses a new case of @entity1544 , from a 50-year-old Chinese male @entity1 diagnosed via subtotal gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction and D2 lymphadenectomy. In the stomach, an ulcerated mass in the antrum, measuring 12*8*6 cm, was observed. Further, pathological examination of the resected specimen revealed a well-differentiated @entity6461 . Observations indicated @entity5 cell invasion into the serosa, and encroachment into perigastric regional lymph node. A follow-up abdominal CT scan three months later revealed @entity5 invasion into the ascending colon. We assume that this invaded mass was transferred from the @entity1544 . Interestingly, the @entity1 is still alive.

title: XXXX : a case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Primary squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['gastric squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach']


abstract: A 69-year-old @entity1 presented with a 6-week history of shortness of breath on exertion, unintentional weight loss, altered bowel habits and lethargy. He was diagnosed with @entity955 2   years previously and started on @entity2643 and @entity1229 . He subsequently reverted to sinus rhythm and his medication was stopped 1   year prior to presentation. He denied history of @entity1374 . On examination, he had a small firm goitre of grade I. His skin was warm and sweaty. Thyroid function tests showed him to be @entity3935 . He was started on @entity5012 20   mg; however, he further became significantly @entity3935 . Given the severity of his presentation and lack of any clinical or biochemical improvement, oral @entity617 30   mg once daily was coadministered. His symptoms subsequently resolved and he became euthyroid. The @entity617 was tapered down and stopped while the @entity5012 was incrementally reduced to 10   mg daily.

title: XXXX -induced thyrotoxicosis: type 1 or type 2?

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity3935 :: ('MESH:D013958', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotoxic']

entities_list: @entity5012 :: ('MESH:D002231', 'Chemical') :: ['carbimazole']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid dysfunction']

answer: @entity2643 :: (MESH:D000638,Chemical) :: ['Amiodarone']


abstract: Object Traditionally, the treatment of choice for @entity1 with @entity3 to the calvaria or skull base has been conventional radiation therapy. Because @entity1 with systemic @entity5 are also at risk for intracranial @entity3 , the utility of Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) for these @entity1 has been explored to reduce excess radiation exposure to the perilesional brain parenchyma. The purpose of this study was to report the efficacy of GKS for the treatment of calvarial @entity3 and skull base lesions. Methods The authors performed a retrospective chart review of 21 @entity1 with at least 1 calvarial or skull base metastatic lesion treated with GKS during 2001-2013. For 7 @entity75 , a novel technique, in which a bolus was placed over the treatment site, was used. For determination of local control or disease progression, radiation therapy data were examined and posttreatment MR images and oncology records were reviewed. Survival times from the date of procedure were estimated by using Kaplan-Meier analyses. Results The median @entity1 age at treatment was 57 years (range 29-84 years). A total of 19 (90%) @entity1 received treatment for single lesions, 1 @entity1 received treatment for 3 lesions, and 1 @entity1 received treatment for 4 lesions. The most common @entity5 was @entity0 (24% of @entity1 ). Per lesion, the median clinical and radiographic follow-up times were 10.3 months (range 0-71.9 months) and 7.1 months (range 0-61.3 months), respectively. Of the 26 lesions analyzed, 14 (54%) were located in calvarial bones and 12 (46%) were located in the skull base. The median lesion volume was 5.3 cm(3) (range 0.3-55.6 cm(3)), and the median prescription margin dose was 15 Gy (range 13-24 Gy). The median overall survival time for all @entity1 was 35.9 months, and the 1-year local control rate was 88.9% (95% CI 74.4%-100%). Local control rates did not differ between lesions treated with the bolus technique and those treated with traditional methods or between @entity75 and skull base lesions (p > 0.05). Of the 3 @entity1 for whom local treatment failed, 1 @entity1 received no further treatment and 2 @entity1 responded to salvage chemotherapy. Subsequent brain parenchymal @entity3 developed in 2 @entity1 , who then underwent GKS. Conclusions GKS is an effective treatment modality for @entity1 with @entity3 to the calvarial bones or skull base. For @entity1 with superficial @entity75 , a novel approach with bolus application resulted in excellent rates of local control. GKS provides an effective therapeutic alternative to conventional radiation therapy and should be considered for @entity1 at risk for calvarial @entity3 and brain parenchymal @entity3 .

title: Calvarial and skull base XXXX : expanding the clinical utility of Gamma Knife surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['calvarial lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: Cartilage cells are normally studied under atmospheric pressure conditions and without loading. However, since cartilage exists in a condition of reduced @entity26 and intermittent hydrostatic pressure we hypothesized lower partial @entity26 pressures ( @entity4095 ) and different intermittent hydrostatic pressures (IHP) would increase articular chondrocyte proliferation and matrix production and to stabilize chondrocyte phenotype in vitro. Monolayers of adult @entity291 articular chondrocytes were cultured under 5% or 21% @entity4095 in combination with IHP (0.2 MPa amplitude, frequencies 5/5s = 0.1 Hz, 30/2 or 2/30 min on/off loading). We measured proliferation (3H- @entity1014 incorporation) and collagen secretion (protein-binding assay, collagen type II-ELISA and immunocytochemical staining of pericellular collagen types I, II and IX). Reduced @entity4095 stimulated proliferation and collagen type II and IX secretion of chondrocytes in comparison to 21% @entity4095 . Additionally, collagen type I expression was delayed by low @entity4095 , indicating a stabilization of the cell phenotype. IHP 5/5s and 30/2 min inhibited proliferation but increased collagen secretion (pericellular collagen type IX was decreased). IHP 30/2 min delayed first expression of collagen type I. In contrast, IHP 2/30 min increased proliferation, but lowered collagen expression. All stimulating or inhibiting effects of @entity4095 and IHP were additive and vice versa. Reduced @entity4095 and different settings of IHP increased proliferation, collagen secretion, and phenotype stability of chondrocytes. The @entity26 - and IHP-induced effects were additive, suggesting that a combination of these parameters might be a useful tool in cartilage tissue engineering.

title: Combination of reduced XXXX tension and intermittent hydrostatic pressure: a useful tool in articular cartilage tissue engineering.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to investigate @entity7646 -resistant @entity5967 isolates harbouring erm(TR), an erm(A) gene subclass, with emphasis on their erm(TR)-carrying genetic elements. Four erm(TR)-carrying elements have been described to date: three closely related (ICE10750-RD.2, Tn1806 and ICESp1108) in @entity4195 , @entity328 and @entity4195 , respectively; and one completely different (IMESp2907, embedded in ICESp2906 to form ICESp2905) in @entity4195 . METHODS: Seventeen @entity7646 -resistant erm(TR)-positive @entity5967 isolates were phenotypically and genotypically characterized. Their erm(TR)-carrying elements were explored by analysing the distinctive recombination genes of known erm(TR)-carrying integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) and by PCR mapping. The new genetic context and organization of IMESp2907 in @entity5967 were explored using several experimental procedures and in silico analyses. RESULTS: Five isolates harboured ICE10750-RD.2/Tn1806, five isolates harboured ICESp1108 and five isolates bore unknown erm(TR)-carrying elements. The remaining two isolates, exhibiting identical serotypes and pulsotypes, harboured IMESp2907 in a new genetic environment, which was further investigated in one of the two isolates, SagTR7. IMESp2907 was circularizable in @entity5967 , as described in @entity4195 . The new IMESp2907 junctions were identified based on its site-specific integration; the att sites were almost identical to those in @entity4195 . In strain SagTR7, erm(TR)-carrying IMESp2907 was embedded in an erm(TR)-less internal element related to ICE10750-RD.2/Tn1806, which, in turn, was embedded in an ICESde3396-like element. The resulting whole ICE, ICESagTR7 (   129 kb), was integrated into the chromosome downstream of the rplL gene, and was excisable in circular form and transferable by conjugation. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study exploring erm(TR)-carrying genetic elements in @entity5967 .

title: @entity7646 resistance gene erm(TR) and erm(TR)-carrying genetic elements in XXXX : characterization of ICESagTR7, a new composite element containing IMESp2907.

entities_list: @entity4195 :: ('1314', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes', 'S. pyogenes']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity5967 :: ('1311', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus agalactiae', 'S. agalactiae']

entities_list: @entity7646 :: ('CHEBI:25106', 'Chemical') :: ['macrolide']

answer: @entity5967 :: (1311,Species) :: ['Streptococcus agalactiae']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We prospectively examined the relation of @entity3656 ( @entity3656 ), a marker of biological aging, to phobic @entity148 in later-life. @entity3656 in peripheral blood leukocytes were measured among 3194 @entity1 in the Nurses' Health Study who provided blood samples in 1989/90. The Crown-Crisp Phobic Index (CCI, range=0-16) was assessed in 1988 and 2004. Only @entity1 with CCI <=3 (consistent with no meaningful @entity148 ) in 1988 were included. We related baseline @entity3656 to odds ratios (ORs) of incident high @entity148 (CCI>= 6). To enhance clinical relevance, we used finite mixture modeling (FMM) to relate baseline @entity3656 to latent classes of CCI in 2004. @entity3656 were not significantly associated with high @entity148 after 16 years of follow-up. However, FMM identified 3 groups of phobic symptoms in later-life: severe, minimal/intermediate, and non-anxious. The severe group had non-significantly shorter multivariable-adjusted mean @entity3656 than the minimal/intermediate and non-anxious groups. @entity1 with shorter telomeres vs. longest telomeres had non-significantly higher likelihood of being in the severe vs. non-anxious group. Overall, there was no significant association between @entity3656 and incident @entity148 . Further work is required to explore potential connections of telomere length and emergence of severe @entity148 during later-life.

title: A prospective study of leukocyte telomere length and risk of phobic XXXX among @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity3656 :: ('MESH:D007870', 'Disease') :: ['relative telomere lengths', 'RTLs']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms', 'phobic anxiety symptoms', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Twelve-lead electrocardiography (ECG) is the most important source for the early diagnosis of an acute @entity741 . However, its diagnostic value when the sequence of ventricular activation is altered by ventricular pacing is unknown. The aim of the study was to evaluate the ECG changes on the paced ECG during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) by doing temporary pacing. METHODS AND RESULTS: Standard 12 lead baseline and temporary pacing ECG records were taken before the intervention in elective PCI @entity1 . Standard 12 lead and temporary pacing ECG records were repeated during the balloon inflation. Fifteen (12 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 ; age 57.2+/-9.7 years) subjects who were undergoing routine PCI were studied. Mean Delta ST deviation on the normal conduction ECG during inflation was 1.03+/-1.02 mV and mean Delta ST deviation on the paced ECG during inflation was 1.7+/-1.6 mV. The pre-inflation mean QRS duration on the paced ECG was 143.2+/-2.8 ms and during inflation mean QRS duration was 157.8+/-12.5 ms. The mean QRS prolongation was 14.6+/-13.6 ms on the paced ECG. Despite the presence of paced ECG abnormalities, significant ischemic ST segment deviations were seen after referencing the ST segment deviations to the pre-PCI. Also, there is significant QRS prolongation on the paced ECG during @entity63 . CONCLUSIONS: The present study extends the correlation between normal and paced ECG during @entity63 and the QRS prolongation could be a marker of @entity741 on the paced electrocardiogram.

title: Early electrocardiographic diagnosis of acute coronary XXXX on the paced electrocardiogram.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: Risk assessments often must consider exposures that vary over time or for which the exposure duration of concern differs from the available data, and a variety of extrapolation procedures have been devised accordingly. The present experiments explore the relationship(s) between exposure concentration (C) and time (t) to investigate procedures for assessing the risks of short-term solvent exposures. The first hypothesis tested was that the product of C x t would produce a constant health effect (Haber's rule). The second hypothesis tested was that exposure conditions produce effects in proportion to the tissue concentrations created. Awake, adult, male Long-Evans (LE) @entity35 were exposed to @entity4965 ( @entity4966 ) vapor in a head-only exposure chamber while pattern onset/offset visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were recorded. Exposure conditions were designed to provide C x t products of 0 ppm/h (0 ppm for 4 h) or 4000 ppm/h created through four exposure scenarios: 1000 ppm for 4 h; 2000 ppm for 2 h; 3000 ppm for 1.3 h; or 4000 ppm for 1h (n = 9-10/concentration). The amplitude of the VEP frequency double component (F2) was decreased significantly by exposure; this decrease was related to C but not to t or to the C x t product, indicating that Haber's rule did not hold. The mean amplitude (+/- SEM in muV) of the F2 component in the control and treatment groups measured 4.4 +/- 0.5 (0 ppm/4 h), 3.1 +/- 0.5 (1000 ppm/4 h), 3.1 +/- 0.4 (2000 ppm/2 h), 2.3 +/- 0.3 (3000 ppm/1.3 h), and 1.9 +/- 0.4 (4000 ppm/1 h). A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was used to estimate the concentrations of @entity4966 in the brain achieved during each exposure condition. The F2 amplitude of the VEP decreased monotonically as a function of the estimated peak brain concentration but was not related to the area under the curve (AUC) of the brain @entity4966 concentration. In comparison to estimates from the PBPK model, extrapolations based on Haber's rule yielded approximately a 6-fold error in estimated exposure duration when extrapolating across only a 4-fold change in exposure concentration. These results indicate that the use of a linear form of Haber's rule will not predict accurately the risks of acute exposure to @entity4966 , nor will an estimate of AUC of brain @entity4966 . However, an estimate of the brain @entity4966 concentration at the time of VEP testing predicted the effects of @entity4966 across exposure concentrations and durations.

title: Dose-based duration adjustments for the effects of inhaled @entity4965 on XXXX visual function.

entities_list: @entity4965 :: ('MESH:D014241', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroethylene']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Most conceptualizations of @entity1118 acknowledge the importance of culture and social circumstances. Cultural and social influences may differ for @entity1 of different racial or ethnic groups, and this circumstance may lead them to experience and adjust differently to @entity158 . The current study compared adjustment to @entity1118 by blacks and whites seeking treatment for @entity1118 . SUBJECTS AND MEASURES: Fifty-seven black and 207 white @entity1 completed measures of @entity148 , @entity308 , disability, @entity158 , and physical symptoms during their initial visit to a university @entity158 clinic. RESULTS: Comparisons showed that the groups did not differ with regard to age, sex, education, chronicity of @entity158 , @entity158 location, work status, previous surgeries, medical diagnosis, medication, wage replacement, or involvement in litigation. However, the black group reported higher @entity158 severity, more avoidance of activity, more fearful thinking, more physical symptoms, and greater physical and @entity717 . The groups remained significantly different with regard to avoidance, fearful thinking, and physical symptoms after @entity158 severity was statistically controlled for; however, they did not remain different on disability. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that blacks and whites with @entity1118 experience @entity158 differently. Several factors may underlie these differences, including family situation, health care experiences, or other unmeasured behavioral, environmental, or social influences. Other investigators should attempt to replicate these findings and more closely examine variables that may explain them.

title: A comparison of blacks and whites seeking treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial disability']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: Fluorescence spectroscopy offers an effective, noninvasive approach to the detection of precancers in multiple organ sites. Clinical studies have demonstrated that fluorescence spectroscopy can provide highly sensitive, specific and cost-effective diagnosis of cervical precancers. However, the underlying biochemical mechanisms responsible for differences in the fluorescence spectra of normal and @entity6349 tissue are not fully understood. We designed a study to assess the differences in autofluorescence of normal and @entity6349 cervical tissue. Transverse, fresh tissue sections were prepared from colposcopically normal and abnormal biopsies in a 34- @entity1 study. Autofluorescence images were acquired at 380 and 460 nm excitation. Results showed statistically significant increases in epithelial fluorescence intensity (arbitrary units) at 380 nm excitation in @entity6349 tissue (106 +/- 39) relative to normal tissue (85 +/- 30). The fluorophore responsible for this increase is possibly reduced @entity2125 . Stromal fluorescence intensities in the @entity6349 samples decreased at both 380 nm (102 +/- 34 [ @entity1141 ] vs 151 +/- 44 [normal]) and 460 nm excitation (93 +/- 35 [ @entity1141 ] vs 137 +/- 49 [normal]), wavelengths at which collagen is excited. Decreased redox ratio (17-40% reduction) in @entity6349 tissue sections, indicative of increased metabolic activity, was observed in one-third of the paired samples. These results provide valuable insight into the biological basis of the differences in fluorescence of normal and precancerous cervical tissue.

title: Autofluorescence microscopy of fresh cervical-tissue sections reveals alterations in tissue biochemistry with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2125 :: ('MESH:D009243', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1141 :: (MESH:C535662,Disease) :: ['dysplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This is a case of a solitary @entity99 in a 65-year-old male. The @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity8579 in 1991. He had negative radiologic and surgical explorations at that time. He was maintained on proton-pump inhibitors for the next 10 years without symptoms. METHODS: A computed tomographic (CT) scan done in April 2001 demonstrated a 5-cm right hepatic lesion. Radionucleotide scanning with @entity2390 demonstrated intense activity in the same area in the right hepatic lobe. His serum @entity8243 was 317 pg/mL. He underwent laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation of the lesion. RESULTS: Treatment resulted in a 6-cm ablative area giving a 1-cm margin on the @entity5 . One- and 3-month follow-up CT scans demonstrated adequate ablation of the @entity5 . An octreotide scan done 3 months postoperatively did not reveal any areas of abnormal uptake. CONCLUSION: We report success with laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation as an alternative to major hepatic resection in @entity1 with a solitary @entity99 .

title: XXXX treated with laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8579 :: ('MESH:D015043', 'Disease') :: ['Zollinger-Ellison syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic gastrinoma']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['Solitary hepatic gastrinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1457 proteins (HSPs) are over-expressed in a wide range of @entity1 @entity5 . It results in the stimulation of the immune system and consequently in elevated concentration of anti-HSP autoantibodies. Elevated anti-HSP autoantibodies were found in @entity0 @entity1 , and they are associated with @entity5 metastasis. Therefore, screening these autoantibodies could be of diagnostic and prognostic values. Protein microarrays have already demonstrated their great potential as a diagnostic tool. However, protein diversity requires optimization of the microarray fabrication to achieve high sensitivity and specificity. In this study, seven HSPs were immobilized on six different surface chemistries. After evaluation and optimization with purified antibodies of the six surface chemistries, two surfaces were selected to detect anti-HSP autoantibodies in @entity0 sera. Multiplex detection of anti-HSP autoantibodies allowed discrimination of @entity0 @entity1 (50) from healthy controls (26) with a sensitivity of 86  % and a specificity of 100  %. Graphical abstract Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for the discrimination between @entity0 @entity1 and healthy controls: detection of individual autoantibody on optimal surface chemistry ( @entity1473 or chitosan surface) and combination (black line) of the detection of 7 autoantibodies.

title: Anti- XXXX protein autoantibody profiling in @entity0 using customized protein microarray.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Heat shock']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['heat shock']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4854 , @entity4053 , and glycemic variability have been associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and overall costs of care in hospitalized @entity1 . At the Stratton VA Medical Center, in Albany, NY, a process aimed to improve inpatient glycemic control by remotely assisting primary care teams in the management of @entity4854 and @entity6 was designed. METHODS: An electronic query comprised of hospitalized @entity1 with @entity413 values below 70mg/dL or above 350mg/dL is generated daily. Electronic medical records are individually reviewed by @entity6 specialist providers and management recommendations are sent to primary care teams when applicable. @entity413 data was retrospectively examined before and after the establishment of the DINGS process and rates of @entity4854 and @entity4053 were compared. RESULTS: @entity1 -day mean @entity413 slightly decreased from 177.6    64.4 mg/dL to 173.2    59.4 mg/dL, P < 0.001. The percentage of @entity1 -days with any value over 350 mg/dL also decreased from 9.69% to 7.36% (P < 0.001), while the percentage of @entity1 -days with mean @entity413 values in the range of 90 to 180 mg/dL increased from 58.1% to 61.4% (P < 0.001). Glycemic variability, assessed by the standard deviation of @entity413 , significantly decreased from 53.9 mg/dL to 49.8 mg/dL (P < 0.001). Moreover, rates of @entity4053 (< 70 mg/dL) decreased significantly by 41% (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Quality metrics of inpatient glycemic control improved significantly after the establishment of the DINGS process within our facility. Prospective controlled studies are needed to confirm a causal association.

title: DAILY INPATIENT GLYCEMIC SURVEY (DINGS). A PROCESS TO REMOTELY IDENTIFY AND ASSIST IN THE MANAGEMENT OF HOSPITALIZED XXXX WITH DIABETES AND HYPERGLYCEMIA.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'Hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['PATIENTS']


abstract: PURPOSE: In this proof-of-concept pilot study, our purpose was to determine correlations between gut microbiota composition and alterations in @entity410 and psychosocial outcomes among post-primary treatment @entity0 survivors (BCS). METHODS: Composition of the gut microbiota in BCS (n  =  12) was assessed at baseline (M0) and at the end of 3  months (M3) using Illumina MiSeq DNA Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed using the QIIME bioinformatics software and represented through diversity metrics and taxa analyses. @entity410 , @entity1295 , @entity148 , @entity308 were assessed at M0 and M3 via the submaximal treadmill test, Fatigue Symptom Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, respectively. RESULTS: Increased @entity1295 interference in BCS was associated with increased mean within-sample Shannon diversity (organism richness and evenness) (p  =  0.009). Weighted UniFrac analysis (shifts in taxa relative abundance) revealed significant differences in between-sample (beta) diversity for changes in @entity1295 interference (p  =  0.01) and @entity148 (p  =  0.022), with a trend observed for @entity1295 @entity22 (p  <  0.1). Unweighted UniFrac analysis (shifts in taxa types) found significant beta diversity differences for @entity410 (p  =  0.026). Prior to false discovery correction (FDR), changes in fitness, @entity1295 , @entity148 were associated with the frequency of certain gut bacteria genera (e.g., Faecalibacterium, Prevotella, Bacteroides) (p  <  0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Correlations may exist between alterations in gut microbiota composition and longitudinal changes in @entity410 , @entity1295 , and @entity148 in BCS. Further research examining the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in exercise-induced effects on psychosocial outcomes in BCS is warranted.

title: Gut microbiota composition associated with alterations in @entity410 and psychosocial outcomes among XXXX survivors.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiorespiratory fitness', 'cardiorespiratory fitness']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression, and sleep dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'anxiety, and sleep dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['intensity and sleep dysfunction']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: There is scant knowledge on the changes in renal histological findings in type 1 @entity6 @entity1 those initially had @entity1985 and @entity177 and later had complete remission of @entity2316 by @entity34 ( @entity34 ). A 44-year-old Japanese type 1 @entity6 @entity1 (duration of @entity6 : 17 years) with massive @entity644 (2.9 g/day) and @entity177 ( @entity1011 clearance rate (Ccr): 86 mL/min) was admitted. @entity146 @entity34 was started with intensive insulin treatment, a low protein and low salt diet, @entity1289 inhibitor and a diuretic. Her levels of HbA1c decreased to less than 7% within 4 months, and her high blood pressure gradually decreased and remained around mean 116/68 mmHg. Her Ccr level gradually improved and reached 108 mL/min after 78 months. Her first renal biopsy performed before @entity34 demonstrated diffuse and/or global accumulation of periodic acid-Schiff staining-positive mesangial matrix with @entity7622 /glomerulus ratio and tubulo-interstitial @entity82 . Her second renal biopsy performed 5 years after @entity34 demonstrated decreased mesangial matrix/glomerulus ratio (42.0+/-4.0% to 29.2+/-1.9% [mean+/-S.D.], p<0.001) and increased her number of glomerular capillaries lumen per glomerulus (47+/-11 to 77+/-12, p<0.006). The number of @entity7 ( @entity7 )-expressing cells in the glomerular capillary significantly increased. Increased tubulo-interstitial @entity82 and the thickness of @entity631 ( @entity631 ) seen in the first biopsy specimen had decreased in the specimen taken at the second biopsy. Our case provides evidence that glomerular morphological improvements including decreased mesangial deposit and @entity7 -related vasculogenesis in response to @entity34 goes along with functional normalization of @entity2316 , which could not be attained in type 1 @entity6 @entity1 that underwent pancreas transplantation.

title: Complete remission of @entity2316 in a type 1 @entity6 XXXX with near- @entity1985 range @entity644 and @entity177 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Aggressive']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular basement membrane', 'GBM']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['decreased renal function']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity7622 :: ('MESH:C537346', 'Disease') :: ['increased mesangial matrix']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['MFT', 'multifactorial treatment']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The selection of beef @entity291 for feed efficiency (FE) traits is very important not only for productive and economic efficiency but also for reduced environmental impact of livestock. Considering that FE is multifactorial and expensive to measure, the aim of this study was to identify biological functions and regulatory genes associated with this phenotype. RESULTS: Eight genes were differentially expressed between high and low feed efficient animals (HFE and LFE, respectively). Co-expression analyses identified 34 gene modules of which 4 were strongly associated with FE traits. They were mainly enriched for inflammatory response or @entity32 -related terms. We also identified 463 differentially co-expressed genes which were functionally enriched for immune response and lipid metabolism. A total of 8 key regulators of gene expression profiles affecting FE were found. The LFE animals had higher feed intake and increased subcutaneous and visceral fat deposition. In addition, LFE animals showed higher levels of serum @entity165 and @entity99 biomarker GGT. Histopathology of the liver showed higher percentage of @entity32 with mononuclear infiltrate. CONCLUSION: Liver transcriptomic network analysis coupled with other results demonstrated that LFE animals present altered lipid metabolism and increased @entity99 associated with an inflammatory response composed mainly by mononuclear cells. We are now focusing to identify the causes of @entity409 in LFE animals.

title: Liver transcriptomic networks reveal main biological processes associated with feed efficiency in beef XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'periportal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['increased liver lesions']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic periportal lesions', 'liver injury']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: @entity42614 ( @entity35777 ) is one of the main components of traditional Chinese medicine plant Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand.-Mazz. In this paper, we studied the protective effects of @entity35777 on @entity1 cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HCMECs) against @entity519 and its possible target-related proteins. Results of @entity98 assay showed that pretreatment of @entity35777 at doses of 1, 5, and 10    M for 2   h could significantly inhibit the decrease in cell viability of HCMECs induced by @entity519 . Subcellular fractions of cells treated with vehicle control, 1    M @entity35777 , @entity519 , or 1    M @entity35777 + @entity519 were separated by ultracentrifugation. The protein expression profiles of cytoplasm and membrane/nuclei fractions were checked using protein two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). Proteins differentially expressed between control and @entity35777 -treated group, control and HR group, or HR and @entity35777 + HR group were identified using mass spectrometry ( @entity15 / @entity15 ). Possible interaction network of these target-related proteins was predicted using bioinformatic analysis. The influence of @entity35777 on the expression levels of these proteins was confirmed using Western blotting assay. The results indicated that proteins such as @entity31074 protein ( @entity31074 ), @entity1457 60   kDa protein 1 ( @entity11217 ), and @entity57550 ( @entity57550 ) might play important roles in the effects of @entity35777 .

title: Protective Effects of XXXX on @entity1 Cardiac Microvascular Endothelial Cells against @entity519 -Reoxygenation Injury and Its Possible Target-Related Proteins.

entities_list: @entity42614 :: ('MESH:C484876', 'Chemical') :: ['Scutellarin']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) injury', 'HR injury']

entities_list: @entity57550 :: ('908', 'Gene') :: ['chaperonin containing TCP1 subunit 6A isoform', 'CCT6A']

answer: @entity42614 :: (MESH:C484876,Chemical) :: ['Scutellarin']


abstract: AIM: This double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study compared multiple applications of the Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) treatment protocol, to systemic @entity3403 as adjuvant to scaling and root planning (SRP) on type 2 @entity6 @entity1 on clinical, systemic and immune-inflammatory outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with Hba1c >7% were allocated in two groups, SRP+Doxy (n=15) using systemic @entity3403 100 mg/day (14 days) and SRP+aPDT (n=15) with multiple applications (0, 3, 7 and 14 days). Primary outcome was glycated haemoglobin levels (HbA1c). Clinical parameters: plaque score (PS), @entity548 on probe, probing depth, suppuration, @entity1464 , and clinical attachment level, percentage of pockets with desired clinical endpoint were measured at baseline and 3 months after therapy. Cytokine profile was assessed at 0, 1 and 3 month to measure @entity1356 , @entity310 and @entity2533 on gingival crevicular fluid. RESULTS: No significant difference was detected on HbA1c, between treatments. The SRP+aPDT group showed advantage on reducing moderate pockets in single-rooted teeth at 3 months. SRP+aPDT presented better results at 3 months on @entity1356 levels. There were no significant differences between @entity310 and @entity2533 . CONCLUSIONS: Both treatments improved clinical and systemic outcomes (Hba1c). SRP+aPDT performed better in Moderate PPD on single-rooted teeth, reduced favourably @entity32 in short term, and may be an alternative to systemic antibiotics. (Clinicaltrials. org ID NCT01595594). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy as an alternative to Systemic Antibiotics: Results from a Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Study on type 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1464 :: ('MESH:D005889', 'Disease') :: ['gingival recession']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetics']


abstract: Stable mixed donor/host hematopoietic chimerism can be accomplished in dog leukocyte antigen (DLA)-identical littermate @entity235 given sublethal (200 cGy) @entity348 ( @entity348 ) before and immunosuppression with @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) and @entity205 (CSP) after transplant (Blood 89:3048, 1997). Studies were based on the hypothesis that drugs that prevent @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) after transplant also suppress host-versus-graft (HVG) reactions and thereby enhance engraftment. Here, we asked whether pretransplant @entity348 provided marrow space for the graft to home or caused host immunosuppression. To address the questions, recipients were given pretransplant irradiation to cervical, thoracic, and abdominal lymph nodes (except pelvis), DLA-identical littermate marrow grafts, and @entity2098 /CSP posttransplant. Six @entity235 that received 450 cGy irradiation showed initial engraftment. Two rejected their grafts after 8 and 18 weeks, 1 died with @entity2132 and engraftment, and 3 are alive as mixed chimeras after 57 to 97 weeks. Four @entity235 given 200 cGy irradiation also showed initial engraftment, but rejected their grafts after 10 to 18 weeks. Mixed chimerism was present in nonirradiated marrow and lymph node spaces and involved granulocytes, T cells, and monocytes. While other explanations are possible, results seem consistent with the hypothesis that pretransplant radiation provides host immunosuppression, and grafts can create their own marrow space. These data set the stage for the development of novel transplant regimens that substitute immunosuppressive for cytotoxic agents.

title: Stable mixed hematopoietic chimerism in dog leukocyte antigen-identical littermate XXXX given lymph node irradiation before and pharmacologic immunosuppression after marrow transplantation.

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total-body irradiation', 'TBI']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Only a few studies have evaluated the long-term effects of @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) on @entity6 ( @entity6 ), and none have examined whether @entity1561 improvement reduces @entity6 incidence. We investigated the association between @entity1561 improvement and @entity6 incidence. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Between 2000 and 2012, 4,604 @entity1 who underwent a health check twice with >10 years between were enrolled. Exclusion criteria were positive hepatitis B surface antigen, positive @entity10745 antibody, @entity1068 intake >20 g/day, and @entity6 . The 3,074 eligible @entity1 were divided into an @entity1561 group (n = 728) and a non- @entity1561 group (n = 2,346) according to ultrasonography-detected @entity1560 . The @entity1561 group was categorized into an improved group (n = 110) and a sustained @entity1561 group (n = 618) based on fatty @entity409 at the second visit. Incident @entity6 odds ratios (ORs) were estimated by logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, BMI, impaired fasting @entity413 , family history of @entity6 , @entity2299 , @entity101 , and physical exercise. RESULTS: @entity6 occurred in 117 @entity1 (16.1%) in the @entity1561 group and 72 (3.1%) in the non- @entity1561 group. @entity1561 at baseline was associated with @entity6 incidence (multivariate OR 2.37 [95% CI 1.60-3.52]). @entity6 occurred in 7 @entity1 (6.4%) in the improved group and in 110 (17.8%) in the sustained @entity1561 group. @entity1561 improvement was associated with reduced @entity6 incidence (multivariate OR 0.27 [95% CI 0.12-0.61]). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1561 improvement is associated with @entity6 incidence reduction.

title: Independent Association Between Improvement of Nonalcoholic Fatty XXXX and Reduced Incidence of @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity10745 :: ('MESH:D006526', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis C']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disappearance']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Liver Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2695 ( @entity2695 ) of the kidney is a recently described morphological variant of @entity2695 . It poses a diagnostic dilemma for clinicians because of its rarity and the overlapping features it shares with other @entity703 . The aim of this paper is to review all the cases of @entity8 in the literature. METHODS: The literature was extensively searched for case reports of @entity8 and the clinical and pathological characteristics of the @entity5 were extracted. RESULTS: A total of 45 cases were reviewed. The mean age of presentation was 50 years (range, 15-83 years) and male sex accounted for 68.8% of the cases reviewed. @entity8 was mostly unilateral with only 4 cases of bilateral involvement of the kidney. The average size of the @entity5 is 1.5 cm (range, 0.1-7 cm). Incidental finding of @entity8 accounted for 62% of the cases reviewed. The ultrasound findings demonstrated varying echogenicity and the @entity5 appeared as solid and well demarcated heterogeneous masses on CT. The average follow up of the @entity1 in this review was 26 months (range, 1-156 months). CONCLUSIONS: @entity8 is a rare @entity5 and a morphological variant of @entity2695 . It has a characteristic sinusoidal architecture with a semblance of splenic sinusoids. It has overlapping clinical and imaging features with other @entity5 of the kidney. Histological review and immunohistochemical studies are essential for accurate diagnosis. @entity2695 runs a benign course without evidence of disease recurrence during follow up.

title: XXXX of the kidney: a literature review of a rare morphological variant of @entity2695 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['AH of the kidney']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma', 'AH', 'Anastomosing hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'vascular tumor', 'vascular tumors']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal vascular tumors']

answer: @entity2695 :: (MESH:D006391,Disease) :: ['Anastomosing hemangioma']


abstract: AIMS: To investigate whether adjuvant antiviral treatment could improve prognosis and @entity17705 is the optimal nucleot(s)ide analogues (NA) regimen after curative therapy of @entity97 -related @entity157 . METHODS: A comprehensive electronic search was performed. All controlled trials comparing antiviral treatment with placebo or no treatment for @entity97 -related @entity157 after curative treatment were included. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Stata 12.0 software. Indirect treatment comparison method was used to compare the relative efficacy of different NA strategies. RESULTS: Twenty-one studies containing 8072 @entity1 were included. NA was found to significantly improve @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) (HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.43-0.74 in RCTs; HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.54-0.74 in cohort studies) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) (HR 0.41, 95% CI 0.22-0.78 in RCTs; HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.50-0.76 in cohort studies). Alternatively, for interferon, a non-significant benefit was found (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.70-1.09 for @entity1349 and HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.37-1.15 for @entity1349 in RCTs). By adjusted indirect comparisons among @entity17705 , @entity16332 and @entity24488 , @entity17705 were found to display almost but not significant superiority to the other NA in improving @entity1349 ( @entity16332 versus @entity17705 , HR 2.38, 95%CI 0.91-6.19, P 0.69; @entity24488 versus @entity17705 , HR 2.67, 95%CI 0.99-7.14, P 0.46). No tendency favouring a specific NA regimen was found for @entity1349 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity97 - @entity157 @entity1 after curative treatment, NA improve the prognosis significantly but the role of interferon remains to be elucidated; @entity17705 was not found to be superior to other NA based on available data. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Adjuvant antiviral therapy for @entity97 -related XXXX after curative treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16332 :: ('MESH:D019259', 'Chemical') :: ['lamivudine']

entities_list: @entity17705 :: ('MESH:C413685', 'Chemical') :: ['entecavir']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'RFS', 'recurrence-free survival', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To establish an experimental model for @entity599 mustard-induced acute and delayed @entity3217 in @entity95 . METHODS: @entity95 eyes were exposed to @entity599 mustard ( @entity2033 ) vapor (370, 420 microg/l) for a period of two minutes. A three months follow-up study was carried out, based on the evaluation of clinical, biochemical and histological parameters. RESULTS: @entity2033 exposure initiated typical clinical symptoms within 2-6 hrs, characterized by eye closure, @entity4 , @entity3169 , @entity2687 and @entity32 . The clinical signs were significantly dose-dependent and reached a peak at 24--72 hrs post exposure. Biochemical evaluation of the aqueous humor exhibited an inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress at 4 hrs after exposure, subsiding at 28 hrs after exposure. Histological examination of corneas at 48 hrs revealed epithelial denudation and marked stromal @entity4 , accompanied by cellular infiltration. Epithelial regeneration started after 72 hrs, and recovery was almost completed within 1--2 weeks, depending on the @entity2033 dose. A second phase of pathological processes started as early as two weeks post exposure and was characterized by @entity3279 , @entity231 , recurrent @entity2681 . The delayed @entity130 were found in 25 and 40% of the eyes respectively, and when appearing, were more severe than the initial ones. CONCLUSIONS: The development of @entity2033 -induced @entity3217 in @entity95 is similar to the lesions described in @entity1 casualties. Quantitative analysis of the various clinical parameters emphasizes the contribution of each tissue to the overall toxic picture. Our experimental model is useful for studying the pathological mechanisms of @entity3217 , and may serve for testing potential therapies.

title: Characterization of acute and delayed @entity3217 induced by XXXX mustard in @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3217 :: ('MESH:D015821', 'Disease') :: ['ocular lesions', 'HD-ocular lesions']

entities_list: @entity2681 :: ('MESH:D014077', 'Disease') :: ['erosions and neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['eyelid swelling', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'Rabbit']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal erosions']

entities_list: @entity3169 :: ('MESH:D003229', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctival hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity3279 :: ('MESH:D015715', 'Disease') :: ['corneal edema']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity599 :: (MESH:D013455,Chemical) :: ['sulfur']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The majority of research on @entity0 risk and @entity159 ( @entity159 ) has been conducted for blacks and whites. This study evaluates the relationship between @entity159 and @entity0 incidence in @entity7452 for four race/ethnic groups. METHODS: Principal component analysis was used to create an @entity159 index using 1990 Census data. Untracted cases were randomly allocated to census block groups within their county of residence. A total of 97,227 female @entity0 cases diagnosed in @entity7452 between 1988 and 1992 were evaluated. Incidence rates and rate ratios (RRs) were estimated and a chi2 test for trend across @entity159 levels was performed. RESULTS: @entity159 was positively related to @entity0 incidence, and this effect was stronger for Hispanics and Asian/others than for whites and blacks. Adjusting by @entity159 did not eliminate the differences in @entity0 rates among race/ethnic groups. RR differences between the race/ethnic groups were greatest in the lowest @entity159 category and attenuated with increasing @entity159 . An increasing trend over @entity159 was statistically significant for all race/ethnic groups. Including randomly allocated cases affected RR estimates for white @entity1 only. CONCLUSIONS: Our results are consistent with similar findings for the Los Angeles area but differ from previous results for the San Francisco Bay area.

title: Socioeconomic status and XXXX incidence in @entity7452 for different race/ethnic groups.

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['SES', 'socioeconomic status']

entities_list: @entity7452 :: ('MESH:D004670', 'Disease') :: ['California']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study reports on the effects of botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) injections in the upper extremity (UE) in @entity1 with unilateral @entity306 (uCP) combined with bimanual task-oriented therapy (BITT) or either treatment modality performed separately. Bimanual activities were measured with the @entity8566 ( @entity8566 ), the ABILHand-Kids questionnaire (AK), the Observational Skills Assessment Score (OSAS). Goal achievement was measured with Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS), using blind video assessment, and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). METHODS: Thirty-five @entity1 , mean age 7.14 years ( @entity168 2.63), 11 Manual Ability Classification Score (MACS) I, 15 MACS II and 9 MACS III, participated. The trial started with four study groups: BoNT-A-only (n = 5), BITT-only (n = 11), BoNT-A +   BITT (n = 13), and control (n = 6). Twenty-two @entity1 were randomised, 13 @entity1 received their parents' preferred treatment: BoNT-A +   BITT or BITT-only. Three comparisons were analysed: BITT (BoNT-A +   BITT and BITT-only; n = 24) versus no BITT (BoNT-A-only and control; n = 11), BoNT-A (BoNT-A-only and BoNT-A +   BITT; n = 18) versus no BoNT-A (BITT-only and control; n = 17), and the additional effect of BoNT-A (BoNT-A +   BITT versus BITT-only). Follow-up time: 24 weeks. RESULTS: No significant differences between the groups were found on the @entity8566 . The amount of use of both hands on the OSAS was significantly better in the BoNT-A group in the beading and sandwich-making task. The BoNT-A group also showed significant improvement in the quality scores of the OSAS: the wrist position during grasping and holding, especially in the younger @entity1 . The BITT group improved significantly on the AK and significantly more on the performance and satisfaction scores of the COPM at 12 and 24 weeks regarding several goals. BoNT-A showed a significant negative effect at 12 and 24 weeks in the most important goal. BITT, more than BoNT-A   +   BITT, showed positive effects on the GAS score at 12 (significant), 18 and 24 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: BoNT-A has a positive effect on quality of movement and amount of use of the affected UE during the 3 months' working time. BoNT-A has no additional effect on bimanual performance and goal achievement. BITT has a positive effect on goal achievement and bimanual performance, even up to 6 weeks after therapy had stopped. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN69541857.

title: Effects of botulinum toxin A and/or bimanual task-oriented therapy on upper extremity activities in unilateral XXXX : a clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity8566 :: ('MESH:D060831', 'Disease') :: ['AHA', 'Assisting Hand Assessment']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral Palsy']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['Cerebral Palsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity5 still has a dismal prognosis. Radical surgery is by far the most successful treatment but most @entity1 are not operable at the time of diagnosis and for these @entity1 external beam radiotherapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy offers the best choice for cure or palliation. In @entity1 with advanced @entity5 , intraluminal brachytherapy has been proposed as a complementary method to increase local control. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 1989 and 1999, 40 @entity1 with inoperable @entity5 were treated with combined external and intraluminal radiation therapy in Turku University Central Hospital. The external radiation was performed with a median total dose of 40 Gy given in 20 fractions. On the average a week after the external radiation a median total dose of 10 Gy intraluminal radiation therapy was given in 4 fractions. RESULTS: The intraluminal brachytherapy could be performed without technical difficulties and no major complications were seen. In many cases (16 out of 40 @entity1 , 40%), the symptoms could be relieved immediately and in most cases the progression of the disease could be delayed as evidenced by post-treatment serial endoscopy. No major complications were encountered. The 1- and 2-year survival rates were 30 and 17.5%, respectively. All @entity1 alive at 2 years can be considered as long-term survivors. Median follow-up was 86 months. CONCLUSIONS: Intraluminal brachytherapy is a safe and efficient treatment modality which offers a potential means of cure for selected @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: Combined external and intraluminal radiotherapy in the treatment of advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal cancer', 'Oesophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['oesophageal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The outcome of @entity2096 for @entity625 in young adults performed at the Wellington Hospital (Wellington, New Zealand) was reviewed. METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 underwent 21 proximal femoral osteotomies for the treatment of @entity625 at Wellington Hospital between 1992 and 1999. Thirteen @entity1 (17 hips) were contacted and were able to complete a questionnaire form specific for @entity158 and function. RESULTS: There was a response rate of 76.5% (13 out of a possible 17 @entity1 undergoing @entity2096 ) at a mean 3 years 4 months postoperatively. Of these, one @entity1 has had a total hip joint replacement and one @entity1 is currently on the waiting list for a total hip joint replacement. Three other @entity1 (three hips) report moderate or severe @entity158 . The remaining eight @entity1 (12 hips) report having mild or no @entity158 . Questionnaire results show a postoperative decrease in @entity158 in most @entity1 . Hip function as assessed by the questionnaire was essentially unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2096 is a satisfactory option for young @entity1 with @entity571 . The operation is only likely to be useful in the treatment of @entity158 .

title: @entity2096 for the treatment of XXXX in young adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative hip arthritis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['hip arthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['hip pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['proximal femoral osteotomy', 'Proximal femoral osteotomy']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['hip arthritis']


abstract: Many phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK)-immunoreactive (IR) cells are expressed in the trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis (Vc), upper cervical spinal cord (C1-C2), nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) and paratrigeminal nucleus (Pa5) after @entity2951 injection into the whisker pad (WP), masseter muscle (MM), @entity121 ( @entity121 ) or sternohyoideus muscle (SM). The pERK-IR cells also showed NeuN immunoreactivity, indicating that ERK phosphorylation occurs in neurons. The pERK-IR cells were significantly reduced after intrathecal injection of @entity19871 inhibitor @entity4286 . The pERK-IR cells expressed bilaterally in the Vc and C1-C2 after @entity2951 injection into the unilateral @entity121 or SM, whereas unilaterally in the Vc and C1-C2 after unilateral WP or MM injection. After @entity2951 injection into the WP or MM, the pERK-IR cell expression in the Vc was restricted rostrocaudally within a narrow area. However, the distribution of pERK-IR cells was more wide spread without a clear peak in the Vc and C1-C2 after @entity2951 injection into the @entity121 or SM. In the NTS, the unimodal pERK-IR cell expression peaked at 0-720 m rostral from the obex following @entity2951 injection into WP, MM, @entity121 or SM. In the ipsilateral Pa5, many pERK-IR cells were observed following @entity2951 injection into the SM. The number of swallows elicited by distilled water administration was significantly smaller after @entity2951 injection into the WP, MM or @entity121 but not SM compared to that of vehicle-injected @entity35 . Various noxious inputs due to the masticatory or swallowing-related @entity121 may be differentially involved in @entity925 and swallowing reflex activity.

title: Organization of pERK-immunoreactive cells in trigeminal spinal nucleus caudalis, upper cervical cord, NTS and Pa5 following @entity2951 injection into masticatory and swallowing-related muscles in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['muscle pain']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'muscle inflammation', 'digastric muscle']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity356 ( @entity356 ) may improve beta cell function by mechanisms other than caloric restriction and body @entity353 . We aimed to assess the impact of anatomical and hormonal alterations specific to @entity356 on @entity413 homeostasis, b cell function and morphology. METHODS: Male Zucker(fa/fa) @entity35 underwent either @entity356 (n   =   11) or sham surgeries (n   =   10). Five of the shams were then food restricted and body weight matched (BWM) to the @entity356 @entity35 . Six male Zucker(fa/+) @entity35 underwent sham surgery and served as additional lean controls. Twenty-seven days after surgery, an oral @entity413 tolerance test (OGTT) was performed and plasma levels of @entity413 , insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 ( @entity15212 ) were measured. Immunohistological analysis of pancreatic islets was performed, and @entity17121 and @entity25680 mRNA content were quantified. RESULTS: Shams consumed more food and gained more weight compared to both @entity356 and BWM (p   <   0.001). Hyperglycaemia was evident in ad libitum-fed shams, whilst postprandial @entity413 levels were lower in @entity356 compared to the BWM sham group (p   <   0.05). During the OGTT, @entity356 @entity35 responded with >2.5-fold increase of @entity15212 . Histology revealed signs of @entity528 in ad libitum-fed shams, but not in @entity356 and sham BWM controls (p   <   0.001). @entity17121 and @entity25680 mRNA content was similar between the @entity356 and BWM shams but higher compared to ad libitum shams (p   <   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Combined molecular, cellular and histological analyses of pancreatic function suggest that @entity353 alone, and not the enhancement of @entity15212 responses, is predominant for the short-term b cell protective effects of @entity356 .

title: Gastric Bypass-Related Effects on XXXX Control, b Cell Function and Morphology in the Obese Zucker @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['RYGB', 'Roux-en-Y gastric bypass']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['islet degeneration']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['Glucose']


abstract: @entity2647 , a strong alpha-adrenergic receptor-stimulating agent, was compared with @entity1425 in 65 @entity1 with out-of-hospital @entity1167 , in a double-blind study. The resuscitation was performed by the physician-staffed Prehospital Emergency Care Unit of Helsinki University Central Hospital. The @entity1 received either 1.0 mg of @entity2647 or 0.5 mg of @entity1425 i.v. in the treatment of fine @entity2224 , @entity1167 or electromechanical dissociation. If two doses of either drug did not restore circulation, 0.5 mg of known 0.01% @entity1425 was given i.v., maximally twice. In the @entity1425 group, which consisted of 36 @entity1 with a mean age of 61 years, 10 @entity1 (28%) were successfully resuscitated. The @entity2647 group consisted of 29 @entity1 with a mean age of 62 years. In this group nine @entity1 (31%) were successfully resuscitated. The two groups were comparable regarding their apnoea-times, and there was no difference in the need for extra @entity1425 between the groups. No adverse effects, such as @entity101 or @entity1168 , were noted in the @entity1 treated with either @entity1425 or @entity2647 , nor did the overall rate of successful resuscitation fall during the test period. It is concluded that @entity2647 seems as effective as @entity1425 in the treatment of @entity1167 , but further studies seem warranted.

title: Comparison of @entity1425 and XXXX in out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation. A double-blind study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine', 'Phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'asystole']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity2647 :: (MESH:D010656,Chemical) :: ['phenylephrine']


abstract: PURPOSE: We used @entity9715 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as a means of quantifying abnormalities in @entity291 muscle oxygenation and @entity855 ( @entity855 ) turnover in @entity1095 ( @entity1095 ). METHODS: Eleven male @entity1 with @entity1095 (mean age, 65 years; range, 55-76 years) and nine male control subjects of similar age were observed in a case-control study in vascular outpatients. Inclusion criteria were more than 6 months' @entity291 @entity613 (median, 1.5 years; range, 0.6-18 years); proven femoropopliteal or iliofemoral occlusive or stenotic disease; maximum treadmill walking distance (2 km/h, 10 degrees gradient) of 50 to 230 m (mean, 112 m); ankle-brachial pressure index of 0.8 or less during exercise (mean, 0.47; range, 0.29-0.60). Exclusion criteria included @entity6 , @entity417 , and magnet contraindications. Simultaneous @entity9715 MRS and NIRS of lateral gastrocnemius was conducted during 2 to 4 minutes of voluntary 0.5 Hz isometric plantarflexion at 50% and 75% maximum voluntary contraction force (MVC), followed by 5 minutes recovery. Each subject was studied three times, and the results were combined. RESULTS: Compared with control subjects, @entity1 with @entity1095 showed (1) normal muscle cross-sectional area, MVC, @entity855 turnover, and contractile efficiency ( @entity855 turnover per force/area); (2) larger @entity1734 (PCr) changes during exercise (ie, increased shortfall of oxidative @entity855 synthesis) and slower PCr recovery (47% +/- 7% [mean +/- SEM] decrease in functional capacity for oxidative @entity855 synthesis, P = .001); (3) faster deoxygenation during exercise and slower postexercise reoxygenation (59% +/- 7% decrease in rate constant, P = .0009), despite reduced oxidative @entity855 synthesis; (4) correlation between PCr and NIRS recovery rate constants (P < .02); and (5) correlations between smaller walking distance, slower PCr recovery, and reduced MVC (P < .001). The precision of the key measurements (rate constants and contractile efficiency) was 12% to 18% interstudy and 30% to 40% intersubject. CONCLUSION: The @entity75 in @entity26 supply dominates muscle metabolism. Reduced force-generation in @entity1 who are affected more may protect muscle from metabolic stress.

title: Mitochondrial function and XXXX supply in normal and in chronically ischemic muscle: a combined 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy and near infrared spectroscopy study in vivo.

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['PVD', 'peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1734 :: ('CHEBI:17287', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphocreatine']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['claudication']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: Peak-ratio interference pattern analysis (peak-ratio method) is said to have a high sensitivity and to be independent of sex and age. This study was carried out to prove or disprove these findings. The peak-ratio method and qualitative motor unit action potential (MUAP) analysis were applied to the right brachial biceps and anterior tibial muscles of 44 healthy subjects, aged 23-87 years, 25 @entity16 @entity1 , aged 21-83 years, and 29 @entity121 @entity1 , aged 19-70 years. Peak-ratio parameters were independent of sex and age. They tended to be lower in the anterior tibial muscle than in the brachial biceps muscle. @entity16 @entity1 typically showed decreased peak-ratio, short time intervals and increased amplitude/turn. @entity121 @entity1 typically showed increased peak-ratio, turns/s and short time intervals. The sensitivity of the peak-ratio method was 72% for @entity16 @entity1 and 59% for @entity121 @entity1 . The sensitivity of the peak-ratio method was similar to that of the MUAP analysis in @entity16 @entity1 and higher than that of the MUAP analysis in @entity121 @entity1 . The specificity of the peak-ratio method was 80%. The peak-ratio method proved to be a valuable, supplementary electromyographic tool for the detection of @entity4094 .

title: Peak-ratio interference pattern analysis in the detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular disorders']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropathy', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['Myopathy', 'myopathy']

answer: @entity4094 :: (MESH:D009468,Disease) :: ['neuromuscular disorders']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity4854 in hospitalized @entity1 is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: We examined whether @entity3124 is more strongly associated with relative or @entity4854 . DESIGN: The study was an observational cohort study. @entity1 AND SETTING: A total of 2290 @entity1 acutely admitted to a tertiary hospital. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The relative @entity4854 ( @entity4854 ratio [SHR]) was defined as admission @entity413 divided by estimated average @entity413 derived from glycosylated hemoglobin. The relationships between @entity413 and SHR with @entity3124 (in-hospital death or critical care) were examined. RESULTS: In univariable analyses, SHR (odds ratio, 1.23 per 0.1 increment [95% confidence interval, 1.18-1.28]; P < .001) and @entity413 (odds ratio, 1.18 per mmol/L [1.13-1.23]; P < .001) were associated with @entity3124 . In multivariable analysis, the association was maintained for SHR (odds ratio, 1.20 per 0.1 increment [1.13-1.28]; P < .001), but not @entity413 (odds ratio, 1.03 per mmol/L [0.97-1.11]; P = .31). Background @entity4854 affected the relationship between @entity413 (P = .002) and @entity3124 , but not SHR (P = .35) and @entity3124 . In @entity1 with admission @entity413  <=10 mmol/L, the odds ratio for @entity3124 was higher in the fourth (2.4 [1.4-4.2]; P = .001) and fifth (3.9 [2.3-6.8]; P < .001) SHR quintiles than in the lowest SHR quintile. CONCLUSIONS: SHR controls for background glycemia and is a better biomarker of @entity3124 than @entity4854 . SHR identifies @entity1 with relative @entity4854 at risk of @entity3124 . Future studies should explore whether basing @entity413 -lowering therapy on relative, rather than absolute, @entity4854 improves outcomes in hospitalized @entity1 .

title: Relative XXXX , a Marker of @entity3124 : Introducing the Stress @entity4854 Ratio.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'stress hyperglycemia', 'Hyperglycemia', 'absolute hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['Hyperglycemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: There are no studies that compared the effects of different intensities of statin treatment on the long-term outcome of @entity1 with recent @entity385 . We aimed to evaluate these effects. METHODS: We prospectively studied 436 consecutive @entity1 who were discharged after acute @entity385 (39.2% males, age 78.6      6.7 years). Statin treatment was categorized in equipotent doses of @entity2993 . One year after discharge, the functional status was assessed with the modified Rankin scale (mRS). Adverse outcome was defined as mRS between 2 and 6. The occurrence of @entity385 , @entity583 and @entity204 was recorded. RESULT: Adverse outcome rates were lower in @entity1 treated with @entity2993 20  mg/day or more potent doses of statins than in @entity1 treated with @entity2993 10  mg/day (63.5, 38.2 and 48.2%, respectively; p  =  0.004). In binary logistic regression analysis, independent predictors of adverse outcome were the mRS at discharge (relative risk (RR) 2.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.77-3.07, p  <  0.001) whereas more aggressive treatment with statins independently predicted favorable outcome ( @entity2993 20 vs. 10  mg/day, RR 0.30, 95% CI 0.11-0.87, p  =  0.026; @entity2993 40  mg/day or more potent dose of statins vs. @entity2993 10  mg/day, RR 1.66, 95% CI 0.62-4.44, p  =  NS). The incidence of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality showed a trend for being lower in @entity1 treated with @entity2993 40-80  mg/day or @entity8671 10-40  mg/day than in those treated with less potent doses of statins. CONCLUSION: More aggressive @entity6817 treatment improves the long-term functional outcome of @entity1 with acute @entity385 more than less aggressive treatment.

title: Comparative effects of more versus less aggressive treatment with statins on the long-term outcome of XXXX with acute @entity385 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity8671 :: ('MESH:C422923', 'Chemical') :: ['rosuvastatin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: To retrospectively evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of interventional digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for @entity548 small bowel @entity674 ( @entity674 ). METHODS: Between January 2006 and December 2013, small bowel @entity5 in 25 consecutive @entity1 undergoing emergency interventional DSA were histopathologically confirmed as GIST after surgical resection. The medical records of these @entity1 and the effects of interventional DSA and the presentation and management of the condition were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Of the 25 @entity1 with an age range from 34- to 70-year-old (mean: 54    12 years), 8 were male and 17 were female. Obscure @entity360 , including tarry or bloody stool and intermittent melena, was observed in all cases, and one case also involved hematemesis. Nineteen @entity1 required acute blood transfusion. There were a total of 28 small bowel @entity5 detected by DSA. Among these, 20 were located in the jejunum and 8 were located in the ileum. The DSA characteristics of the @entity674 included a hypervascular mass of well-defined, homogeneous enhancement and early developed draining veins. One case involved a complication of intussusception of the small intestine that was discovered during surgery. No @entity2849 , @entity2758 or fistulae, or @entity397 were observed. The completely excised size was approximately 1.20 to 5.50 cm (mean: 3.05    1.25 cm) in maximum diameter based on measurements after the resection. There were @entity1066 (n = 8), @entity2681 (n = 10), @entity450 and @entity4 (n = 10) on the intra-luminal side of the @entity5 . @entity5 in @entity1 with a large amount of @entity190 were treated with transcatheter @entity1416 with gelfoam particles during interventional DSA. CONCLUSION: Emergency interventional DSA is a useful imaging option for locating and diagnosing small bowel @entity674 in @entity1 with @entity548 , and is an effective treatment modality.

title: Interventional digital subtraction angiography for small bowel XXXX with @entity548 .

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformations']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Eight tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerations']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['arterial rupture']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GISTs', 'gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysms']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term results of the posterior approach (PA) for the treatment of popliteal artery @entity439 are lacking in the literature. We reviewed our experience during a 13-year period in @entity1 with popliteal artery @entity439 , comparing those treated through a PA with those operated on through a standard @entity10036 ( @entity10036 ). METHODS: Clinical data of all @entity1 treated between February 1998 and October 2011 were retrospectively reviewed and outcomes analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate survival, and   (2), Wilcoxon, and log-rank tests were used for analysis. RESULTS: A total of 77 @entity439 were treated in 65 @entity1 (64 @entity1 ). Mean age was 68  years (range, 48-96  years). Thirty-six @entity439 were asymptomatic (47%). Mean sac diameter was 2.8     1  cm. A PA was used in 43 PAAs (55%) and an @entity10036 in 34. The PA and @entity10036 @entity1 differed significantly in age (median being older), smoking history (more frequent in PA), and @entity177 and @entity66 (higher for @entity10036 ). In 42 cases the @entity439 was symptomatic (54.5%) for chronic @entity63 , with @entity613 in 18 @entity1 , acute @entity63 in 17, @entity9971 in 3, compression on adjacent structures in 3, and @entity397 with severe acute @entity158 in 1. All PA repairs consisted of aneurysmectomy with an interposition graft with end-to-end anastomoses; among @entity10036 repairs, 22 interposition grafts and 12 bypasses were performed. A @entity736 graft was used in 54 cases. Five @entity1 had an early @entity715 (two PA and three @entity10036 ). No perioperative @entity204 occurred. Two @entity1 sustained a permanent (PA) and a temporary ( @entity10036 ) peroneal @entity66 . There were no early amputations. The median in-hospital stay was longer for @entity10036 (10  days) than for PA (7  days; P  = .02). Median follow-up was 58.8  months (range, 5 days-166 months). Nine @entity1 died during follow-up of unrelated causes. The 5-year primary and secondary patency rates were 59.6%     8.6% and 96.5%     3.4%, respectively, for PA, and 65.1%     11.1% and 79.4%     9.7%, respectively, for @entity10036 (P  = .53 for primary patency rate and P  = .22 for secondary patency rate). Limb salvage was 100% at 5  years and 93.3%     6.4% at 10  years for PA and 91.1%     6.3% at both time points for @entity10036 (P  = .28). CONCLUSIONS: PA and @entity10036 both achieved satisfactory results in primary and secondary patency rates, as well as limb salvage, during long-term follow-up. The differences between the two groups were small and not statistically significant. PA was burdened by similar @entity260 compared with @entity10036 . The in-hospital stay after PA was significantly lower.

title: Comparison of posterior and medial approaches for  popliteal artery XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nerve lesion', 'cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'limb ischemia']

entities_list: @entity9971 :: ('MESH:D018438', 'Disease') :: ['blue toe syndrome']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative nerve and wound complications']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity10036 :: ('MESH:D020423', 'Disease') :: ['medial approach', 'MA']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['intermittent claudication']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms']