abstract: The aim of the present study was to define the cellular mechanisms underlying changes in K+ channel function in the failing heart after @entity583 . @entity35 with left coronary artery ligation were prepared and allowed to recover for 16 wk before study. Animals with chronic @entity1188 exhibited marked @entity1283 and signs of @entity712 , as indicated by a nearly twofold increase in heart weight- and lung weight-to-body weight ratios, respectively, compared with time-matched controls. @entity1283 was also evident by a 49% increase in whole cell capacitance of isolated left ventricular myocytes (P < 0.05). Voltage-clamp experiments revealed that the maximum density of the @entity141 -independent, transient outward current (I.t.o.), measured at +60 mV, was 42% less in myocytes from infarcted hearts than in myocytes from control hearts (P < 0.05), whereas the inward rectifier current ( @entity9225 ) density was not different between groups. The reduced Ito density in the infarcted group was reversed, however, in 4-5 h by treatment with exogenous @entity19800 or @entity2388 , both activators of @entity2388 dehydrogenase. Moreover, control myocytes incubated for 6 h in the presence of an inhibitor of @entity2388 dehydrogenase, @entity896 , exhibited a concentration-dependent decrease in Ito density compared with untreated cells. The present data demonstrate that Ito density is reversibly decreased in surviving myocytes from infarcted hearts and suggest that mechanisms related to @entity413 metabolism via @entity2388 dehydrogenase may be involved. These postinfarction changes in myocyte Ito channel function may relate to impaired contractility and arrhythmogenesis, which are characteristic of the intact, failing heart.

title: Altered K+ current of ventricular myocytes in @entity35 with chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity896 :: ('MESH:C017092', 'Chemical') :: ['3-bromopyruvate']

entities_list: @entity19800 :: ('CHEBI:36386', 'Chemical') :: ['dichloroacetate']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac hypertrophy', 'cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: The serious and long lasting impact of @entity542 has been recognized since the paleolithic era, but the potential for treatment of the injured brain has only manifested over the last 50 to 60 years as understanding of cell structure and function within the injured CNS has developed. This chapter reviews the development of ideas concerning the pathobiomechanical response(s) in axons of neurons following transient mechanical loading in central white matter of the CNS. Rather than axons being directly sheared at the time of an insult (primary axotomy), it is now recognized that a complex and incompletely understood series of cellular interactions occurs during hours and days following @entity131 that may lead to disconnection and disrupted function within and between neuronal networks or circuits, so termed secondary axotomy, following a single, rapid mechanical loading episode. This chapter reviews developments in the experimental literature concerning acute @entity130 and the associated, uncontrolled influx of @entity1372 and @entity460 ions, intra-axonal release of @entity460 from mitochondria and the axoplasmic reticulum, and the failure of axonal mitochondria leading to exacerbation of injury to cell membranes. The influx of free @entity460 into an injured axon mediates proteolysis of the subaxolemma and axonal cytoskeletons, axonal microtubules and neurofilaments. These are reviewed and the progression toward secondary axotomy outlined. Terminal loss of the axonal cytoskeleton by @entity528 during @entity6441 is reviewed. The possible influences of axonal loss in the post-acute and chronic phases of @entity131 are reviewed. Injury to the head and brain has been recognized as a serious clinical scenario since the Paleolithic era (Gross, 2003), and treatment by trepanation of part of the skull was an established and widely practiced therapeutic intervention in Greek and Roman civilizations (Missios, 2007). Hippocrates (460   377 BCE), conventionally described as being the father of medicine, provided a major contribution toward the development of neurosurgery in the classical era by publication of    On @entity542    written around 400 BCE (Missios, 2007). Hippocrates and his students developed a ranking of five subtypes of injury to the head: (1) a @entity79 with a fissured @entity174 ; (2) a simple @entity79 without @entity174 ; (3) @entity13668 ; (4) dinted @entity174 induced by a blow to the head by a weapon leaving an indentation or    hedra    (         a   ); and (5) most pertinent to this review,    injuries at distant sites.    Importantly, Hippocrates recognized that @entity1545 may occur in a different part of the brain from a primary wound to the surface of the head. Furthermore, it was widely recognized that wounds to the head were especially dangerous and that @entity204 was a high-risk sequel of severe @entity542 . This chapter will review changes in thinking about the mechanisms and/or causes of @entity1545 developed through the use of experimental models of @entity131 ( @entity131 ) and the appreciation at a clinical scenario of an increased understanding of @entity131 , the ability to monitor and assess progression of pathology within the injured brain, and the outcomes that a @entity1 and their family may anticipate during posttraumatic survival.

title: Development of Concepts in the Pathology of Traumatic Axonal and Traumatic XXXX

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the brain']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity13668 :: ('MESH:D020204', 'Disease') :: ['depressed skull fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['Injuries to the Head', 'head injury']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone contusion']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity6441 :: ('MESH:D014855', 'Disease') :: ['Wallerian degeneration']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['granular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the axolemma']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['Brain Injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During normal semantic processing, the left hemisphere (LH) is suggested to restrict right hemisphere (RH) performance via interhemispheric suppression. However, a lesion in the LH or the use of concurrent tasks to overload the LH's attentional resource balance has been reported to result in @entity385 with subsequent improvements in RH performance. The current study examines variations in RH semantic processing in the context of unilateral LH lesions and the manipulation of the interhemispheric processing resource balance, in order to explore the relevance of @entity385 to hemispheric contributions to semantic processing following a unilateral LH lesion. METHODS: @entity385 was examined for nine @entity1 with a single LH lesion and 13 matched controls using the dual task paradigm. Hemispheric performance on a divided visual field lexical decision semantic priming task was compared over three verbal memory load conditions, of zero-, two- and six-words. Related stimuli consisted of categorically related, associatively related, and categorically and associatively related prime-target pairs. Response time and accuracy data were recorded and analyzed using linear mixed model analysis, and planned contrasts were performed to compare priming effects in both visual fields, for each of the memory load conditions. RESULTS: Control @entity1 exhibited significant bilateral visual field priming for all related conditions (p < .05), and a LH advantage over all three memory load conditions. @entity1 with LH lesions exhibited an improvement in RH priming performance as memory load increased, with priming for the categorically related condition occurring only in the 2- and 6-word memory conditions. @entity385 was also reflected for the LH damage (LHD) group by the removal of the LH performance advantage following the introduction of the memory load conditions. CONCLUSIONS: The results from the control group are consistent with suggestions of an age related hemispheric asymmetry reduction and indicate that in healthy aging compensatory bilateral activation may reduce the impact of inhibition. In comparison, the results for the LHD group indicate that following a LH lesion RH semantic processing can be manipulated and enhanced by the introduction of a verbal memory task designed to engage LH resources and allow disinhibition of RH processing.

title: A dual task priming investigation of right hemisphere inhibition for XXXX with left hemisphere lesions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['RH disinhibition']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: This work was performed to develop an experimental animal model for the study of antibiotic drug distribution into @entity2172 ( @entity2172 ) and to evaluate its relevance and significance to the clinical treatment of @entity2346 media (OM). Chinchillas were assigned to normal or infected ear groups after @entity5274 ( @entity5274 ) or direct trans-bullar inoculation with type 3 @entity328 . Following survival surgery to implant microdialysis (MD) probes in the jugular vein and middle ear (ME), @entity115 was given intravenously (iv) as a bolus or infusion. Drug concentrations in blood and @entity2172 were continuously monitored by microdialysis. The measured concentrations were corrected for probe recovery by simultaneous retrodialysis. Multiple @entity2172 and blood sampling was also performed to validate the animal model and MD sampling technique. @entity2348 was successfully induced 3-7 days after the inoculation, whereas the control group gave negative bacterial culture results. The @entity3405 antibiotic, @entity115 , exhibited an elimination half-life of 0.33+/-0.23 h (n = 9) in chinchilla blood, 1.46+/-0.50 h (n = 5) and 1.75+/-0.84 h (n = 4) in @entity2172 of normal and infected ears (p = 0.6), respectively. @entity2172 -to-blood @entity115 concentration ratios at steady state following iv infusion were 0.26+/-0.06 (n = 5) and 0.28+/-0.11 (n = 4) for normal and infected ears (p = 0.7), respectively. MD allows continuous monitoring of drug concentration-time profiles in blood and @entity2172 in an awake chinchilla model. The concentrations measured by MD were validated by direct sampling. The ratio of the area under the curve (AUC) of drug concentration in @entity2172 versus time to that in blood after iv bolus doses was less than unity, as was the steady-state concentration ratio following constant-rate iv infusion, suggesting an active transport mechanism was involved in the efflux of @entity115 from the ME of chinchilla. The results of studies involving infected ears were not significantly different from those in normal ears in terms of @entity115 distribution across the ME mucosal membrane after systemic administration.

title: Microdialysis studies of the middle ear distribution kinetics of XXXX in the awake chinchilla.

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['MEF', 'middle ear fluid']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['Bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['ETO', 'Eustachian tube obstruction']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity115 :: (MESH:D000658,Chemical) :: ['amoxicillin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmacomechanical thrombectomy performed by using a rotational thrombectomy device for the treatment of @entity1150 . METHODS: Between April 2012 and November 2014, 17 @entity1 with acute @entity1150 underwent pharmacomechanical thrombolysis. The thrombectomy device was used in a single-session technique for @entity1 with @entity1150 . After the procedure, the effect of thrombolysis was evaluated in 3 grades venographically. Grade I showed lysis of under 50%, and grade III showed complete lysis. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 (58.8%) had an iliofemoral @entity715 and 7 (41.2%) had a femoropopliteal @entity49 . At the end of the pharmacomechanical thrombectomy procedure, 12 @entity1 (70%) had complete (grade III) @entity715 resolution. Grade I and II lysis were noted in 2 (12%) and 3 (18%) @entity1 , respectively. Additionally, four (23.5%) required an additional lytic infusion as a result of residual thrombi. The overall grade III, II, and I @entity715 resolution rates, including the supplemental thrombolysis, were 82.2% (n = 14), 12% (n = 2), and 5.8% (n = 1), respectively. There was no mortality. CONCLUSION: Based on the present data, use of the Cleaner thrombectomy device may prove to be a safe and feasible single-session pharmacomechanical thrombectomy method for the treatment of acute @entity1150 . To prove the effectiveness of this type treatment, a more extensive large-scale studies are needed.

title: Pharmacomechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Symptomatic Lower Extremity XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'lower-extremity deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['Deep Venous Thrombosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recently, the number of the studies on the relationship between the total @entity648 level (TBL) and @entity2316 ( @entity2316 ) is increasing, but their results were not consistent. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to analyze the relationship between TBL and the risk of @entity2316 .We searched 5 databases before October 31, 2016, and reviewed the reference list of relevant articles. The fixed or random-effects model was used to pool risk estimates. We conducted the dose-response meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between TBL and the risk of @entity2316 .Our meta-analysis showed that TBL in the @entity2316 group was lower than that in @entity2316 (NDN) group (standard mean difference [SMD]: -0.63, 95% CI: -0.80, -0.46). The result of each subgroup also showed that TBL in the @entity2316 group was lower than that in the NDN group. The result of meta-regression indicated that duration of @entity6 might be the source of heterogeneity. Our meta-analysis also showed that there was a significant negative relationship between TBL and the risk of @entity2316 (OR: 0.86, 95%CI: 0.82, 0.90). The results of subgroup analysis were similar to those of SMD; no sources of heterogeneity were detected by meta-regression. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the results were robust. We observed a linear association between TBL and the risk of @entity2316 , and there was a negative dose-response association between TBL and the risk of @entity2316 .In conclusion, @entity648 may be used as a biomarker of @entity2316 . It helps early diagnosis and effective therapeutic strategies on @entity2316 .

title: Total @entity648 level may be a biomarker of nephropathy in XXXX : A meta-analysis of observational studies based on MOOSE compliant.

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy', 'diabetes without the kidney disease', 'DN']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The community-directed intervention (CDI) approach has improved treatment coverage in @entity7289 -affected communities. However, there is still a lot to learn. This study assessed its performance, and highlighted the lessons learnt so far. METHODS: Representative samples of households were selected from Cameroon and Uganda program areas through multi-stage random sampling. An adult male and female from every selected household were interviewed separately on their involvement in CDI activities every year between 2004 and 2010. @entity497 ( @entity497 ) were interviewed and treatment records reviewed to determine whether 90% treatment coverage was attained within 2 weeks. Records related to training of @entity497 and their supervisors were analyzed. RESULTS: Decision making decreased for community leaders and health workers, while it increased for community members. The proportion of @entity497 attaining 90% treatment coverage within 2 weeks improved as their demand for monetary incentives, and number of @entity1 they served, reduced. The number of @entity497 supervised by a community supervisor remained low, but increased for the health workers. The cost of training a CHW and a community supervisor reduced to about @entity10479 1 and @entity10479 4.8 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The CDI approach was effective, culturally appropriate and probably less costly in delivering health services in low-resource communities.

title: Community-directed interventions are practical and effective in low-resource communities: experience of ivermectin treatment for XXXX control in Cameroon and Uganda, 2004-2010.

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['Community health workers', 'CHWs']

entities_list: @entity7289 :: ('MESH:D009855', 'Disease') :: ['onchocerciasis']

answer: @entity7289 :: (MESH:D009855,Disease) :: ['onchocerciasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of some of the main coronary risk factors in an open Mexican adult population. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study that includes individuals from eight different cities. Except for Mexico City, all centers were located in medium-sized cities ranging from 1 to 5 million inhabitants. Eligible subjects were adults 20 years of age or older. Exclusion criteria included subjects seeking medical attention due to an @entity697 or individuals unable to provide the requested information or written consent to participate in the study. @entity1 (n = 567) and @entity1 (n = 1,018) were included. A previously validated interview was conducted. A questionnaire assessed demographic and lifestyle factors. Capillary @entity413 concentration and blood pressure were obtained. Remarkably, 40% of the population had a body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 29.9 kg/m(2); an additional 28% had a BMI >30 kg/m(2). A large proportion of the individuals had abdominal fat distribution (62% of @entity1 and 81% of @entity1 ). At the time of the evaluation, 30% of @entity1 and 18% of @entity1 were regular smokers. RESULTS: Blood pressure >140/90 mmHg was found in 29.4% of the population. Less than one half of the subjects had a previous measurement of plasma @entity165 (47%) or @entity1674 (42%). The prevalence of @entity6 was 9.02%. A significant percentage of these subjects were <40 years of age (18.8% of the @entity6 population). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity28 , @entity6 , and @entity101 in the population reported here is among the highest reported in Mexican populations.

title: @entity28 , @entity6 , XXXX , and tobacco consumption in an urban adult Mexican population.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute illness']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are uncommon, insidious in presentation, and frequently represent a diagnostic challenge. The advent of video capsule endoscopy (VCE) and double-balloon endoscopy (DBE) is a significant breakthrough for visual diagnosis of @entity5 throughout the small bowel. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and fluoroscopic enteroclysis had significantly lower diagnostic yields of @entity5 that were 10 mm or smaller in diameter, but VCE and DBE had high diagnostic yields regardless of @entity5 size. Regarding @entity5 larger than 10 mm in diameter, CECT had a significantly lower diagnostic yield of @entity5 compared to @entity5 , whereas fluoroscopic enteroclysis and DBE had high diagnostic yields regardless of the @entity5 type. VCE had a slightly lower diagnostic yield of @entity5 (78%) compared to @entity5 . Therefore, a combined examination method by using CECT and VCE is useful for screening of @entity5 . In case suspicious of @entity850 , patency capsule should be performed to confirm passage before VCE. DBE is useful for further precise examination including biopsy and ultrasonography by using miniature probe, and enteroscopic treatment. After medical, enteroscopic, and surgical treatment, VCE is helpful for follow-up. DBE is safe and useful in resecting the @entity5 deep within the small bowel without laparotomy. Indications of enteroscopic resection may be @entity5 regardless of epithelial or subepithelial type, localizing in the mucosal or submucosal layer, which are symptomatic at present or possibly symptomatic or transforming in the future. @entity5 localized in the mucosal layer may be indications although detecting at an early stage is challenging. In this review article, we describe management of @entity5 / @entity1127 by various modalities.

title: Management of small-bowel XXXX at double-balloon enteroscopy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'SBTs', 'benign tumors', 'subepithelial tumors', 'epithelial tumors', 'Malignant tumors', 'Small bowel tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity1127 :: (MESH:D011127,Disease) :: ['polyps']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Time to treatment of @entity5 is becoming a serious political and social issue. A greater understanding of the timeframes involved in @entity5 care is needed to reduce inequalities in access to care caused by delays. OBJECTIVE: To describe indicators of time to first treatment after colonoscopy in @entity694 ( @entity694 ) and @entity188 ( @entity188 ) @entity1 in France. METHOD: Using the international classification of diseases and medical procedures codes, from national hospital discharge and long term illness databases we selected @entity1 newly diagnosed for @entity694 or @entity188 in 2009-2010 who had undergone treatment. RESULTS: We included 15 694 and 6 623 @entity1 for @entity694 and @entity188 , respectively. Median times to surgery in @entity1 with a surgical treatment pathway for @entity694 and @entity188 were 22 (Q1=14; Q3=34) and 97 (Q1=34; Q3=141) days, respectively. Median times to chemotherapy for @entity1 with a non-surgical treatment pathway, for @entity694 and @entity188 were 36 (Q1=21; Q3=59) and 40 (Q1=27; Q3=59) days, respectively. The median time to radiotherapy in @entity188 @entity1 was 53 (Q1=39; Q3=78) days.Time to surgery as first treatment in @entity188 @entity1 (46 days) was twice as long as that in @entity694 @entity1 (22 days). Time to treatment was longer in most northern regions and in overseas districts, and shorter in southern regions, for both @entity694 and @entity188 . CONCLUSION: The findings in this unprecedented study in France will inform decision-making policies on the future implementation of guidelines on timeframes for @entity14 treatment access.

title: Time to first treatment after colonoscopy in XXXX suffering from @entity694 in France.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['rectum cancer', 'RC']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer', 'CC']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The efficiency and safety of dorsal rhizotomies for @entity306 lie in the accuracy of radicular identification together with selectivity of root sectioning. Two different exposures are currently in use. The first is extended laminotomy/laminectomy from the upper lumbar level to the sacrum, which allows accurate identification of all L2-S2 roots/rootlets. The second is limited laminotomy exposing the conus/cauda equina at the thoracolumbar junction; this less invasive method limits accessibility to the roots. To optimize the accuracy and selectivity while minimizing invasiveness, the authors developed a tailored interlaminar procedure targeting the radicular levels involved in the harmful components of @entity508 directly and individually. METHODS: Six @entity1 with @entity306 at different levels of the Gross Motor Functional Classification System were selected. In each @entity1 , two to three interlaminar spaces, preselected according to planning, were enlarged in the "keyhole" fashion, respecting the spinous processes and interspinous ligaments. Ventral root stimulation identified the radicular level. Dorsal root stimulation evaluated its implication in the hyperactive segmental circuits, helping quantify the percentage of rootlets to be cut. RESULTS: There were neither wound-related nor general complications. At 1 year of follow-up, X-ray examination did not reveal @entity1513 or instability. In all @entity1 , the excess of @entity508 was reduced. The Ashworth score decreased from 3.2 on average to 0.6 postoperatively (range: 2-4 to 0-2). Regarding the functional status at 1 year of follow-up for the three ambulatory @entity1 , the Gillette ability-to-walk score increased from 3/10 on average to 7.3/10 postoperatively (range: 2-4 to 7-8). For the three non-ambulatory @entity1 , abnormal postures, @entity158 and ease of care were much improved. CONCLUSION: Keyhole interlaminar dorsal rhizotomy (KIDr) offers direct intradural access to each of the ventral/dorsal roots, thus maximizing the reliability of anatomical mapping and allowing individual physiological testing of all targeted roots. The interlaminar approach minimizes invasiveness by respecting the posterior spine structures.

title: Keyhole interlaminar dorsal rhizotomy for @entity306 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful contractures']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy', 'spastic diplegia']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['cerebral palsy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) from @entity259 ( @entity259 ) is a rare entity. This study aimed to assess the outcomes of @entity259 @entity1 presenting with @entity3 after total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine therapy. Methods: A total of 5367 @entity259 @entity1 treated with (131)I after total thyroidectomy were analyzed retrospectively from January 1991 to June 2013. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated based on changes in serum @entity3745 (Tg) and anatomical imaging changes in metastatic lesions. The relationships between survival time and several variables were assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox's proportional hazards model respectively. Results: Thirty-eight @entity1 with @entity3 from @entity259 were diagnosed, including four with @entity1378 , four with @entity1378 , and three with @entity1375 . The remaining 27 were euthyroid. Of 25 @entity1 with lung @entity3 , 84% (21/25) showed disappearance or shrinkage of lung nodules; of 24 @entity1 with bone @entity3 , 66.67% (16/24) exhibited no obvious imaging changes in metastatic @entity79 after (131)I therapy. Serum Tg decreased significantly in 81.58% (31/38) and increased in 18.42% (7/38) after (131)I therapy. The 10-year survival rate of @entity259 @entity1 with @entity3 was 65.79% (25/38). Multivariate analyses identified age at occurrence of distant @entity3 (<45 years), only lung @entity3 , and @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ; p=0.032, NA, and 0.043) as independent predictors of survival. Conclusion: The response of hyperfunctioning lung @entity3 to (131)I treatment was better than that of non-hyperfunctioning lung @entity3 in @entity259 , while hyperfunctioning bone @entity3 responded similarly compared to non-hyperfunctioning bone @entity3 . @entity1 younger than 45 years at occurrence of distant @entity3 , those with only lung @entity3 , and @entity1 with @entity3557 had better prognoses.

title: Clinical Management and Outcomes in XXXX with Hyperfunctioning Distant Metastases from Differentiated @entity259 After Total Thyroidectomy and Radioactive Iodine Therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['PTC', 'papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism', 'subclinical hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperfunctioning distant metastasis', 'metastases', 'HFDM']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['DTC', 'differentiated thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To assess the efficacy of oral microemulsion @entity205 (CyA Neoral) in the treatment of @entity134 -refractory attacks of ulcerative an @entity1960 . METHODS: In this non-randomized study on the use of oral microemulsion @entity205 in @entity134 refractory @entity31 , we used CyA Neoral in 10 @entity1 suffering from @entity31 and in 1 @entity1 suffering from @entity1960 with a @entity134 -refractory attack. The initial dose was 7-7.5 mg kg-1 day-1 adjusted to maintain whole blood @entity205 levels between 250 and 350 ng/mL, as measured by RIA using monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 presented a favourable response in a mean time of 3.6 days, that is, 81.8% of cases. One initial responder developed @entity1528 on the 11th day and another did not respond; surgical treatment was performed in both cases. The remaining nine @entity1 , followed for a mean period of 14.6 months (2-36 months). Nine @entity1 presented side effects, the most frequent being slight hand @entity400 with hypomagnesaemia, followed by @entity101 , slight increase in @entity1011 and hirsutism. No one needed to withdraw from treatment, but the dose was lowered in three cases. CONCLUSIONS: Oral microemulsion @entity205 is an effective drug in the initial management of @entity1 suffering from a @entity134 -refractory attack of ulcerative and @entity1960 . Additional controlled studies with the new oral formulation are required to confirm these results.

title: Oral microemulsion XXXX in the treatment of @entity134 -refractory attacks of ulcerative and @entity1960 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1528 :: ('MESH:D008531', 'Disease') :: ['megacolon']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['indeterminate colitis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been found to be associated with a variety of diseases, including @entity43 ( @entity43 ). Recently, @entity26719 was reported to be downregulated in @entity1 @entity43 , however, the clinical significance and functional roles of @entity26719 expression in @entity1 @entity43 are unclear. TaqMan real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay was performed to detect the expression of @entity26719 in 98 @entity43 tissues and 15 adjacent normal epithelial tissues. The relationship between @entity26719 expression and clinicopathological factors in 98 @entity43 @entity1 was statistically analyzed. The effect of @entity26719 expression on @entity1 survival was determined. Finally, the role of @entity26719 in @entity43 cell growth and its possible mechanisms were analyzed with @entity26719 precursor or inhibitor-transfected cells. We showed that the level of @entity26719 was significantly lower in @entity43 tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. Low @entity26719 expression was found to be closely correlated with advanced FIGO stage, higher serum @entity10224 expression level and lymph node involvement. Also, low @entity26719 expression was correlated with shorter overall survival of @entity43 @entity1 , and multivariate analysis showed that the status of @entity26719 expression was an independent predictor of overall survival in @entity43 . Additionally, @entity26719 could affect the growth of @entity43 cells by post-transcriptionally regulating @entity9370 ( @entity9370 ) expression. Together, these results suggest that low @entity26719 expression may be an independent poor prognostic factor and @entity26719 can function as a @entity5 suppressor by targeting @entity9370 in @entity1 EOCs.

title: Prognostic implications of microRNA-100 and its functional roles in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'EOC', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal means of achieving therapeutic oral anticoagulation in the outpatient setting has not been determined. OBJECTIVE: To compare a 10-mg dosing nomogram with a 5-mg nomogram that has been suggested to be sufficient for @entity1229 initiation. DESIGN: Randomized, controlled clinical trial. SETTING: Outpatient @entity1211 services of four tertiary care hospitals. @entity1 : 201 of 210 consecutive @entity1 with objectively confirmed diagnoses of @entity1211 . INTERVENTION: All @entity1 were treated with subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin for a minimum of 5 days until a therapeutic international normalized ratio (INR) was achieved. @entity1 were randomly assigned to initially receive a 10-mg or 5-mg dose of @entity1229 . MEASUREMENTS: The primary end point was time in days to therapeutic INR. Secondary end points were the proportion of @entity1 who had achieved a therapeutic INR by day 5, the total number of INR assessments, the number of INR measurements greater than 5.0, incidence of recurrent @entity1211 and @entity548 , and survival. RESULTS: 210 consecutive @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 9 were excluded and 201 were randomly assigned to study groups (104 to the 10-mg group and 97 to the 5-mg group). Demographic characteristics of both groups were similar. @entity1 in the 10-mg group achieved therapeutic INR 1.4 days earlier than @entity1 in the 5-mg group (P < 0.001). Eighty-three percent of @entity1 in the 10-mg group achieved a therapeutic INR by day 5 versus 46% in the 5-mg group (P < 0.001). Fewer INR assessments were performed in the 10-mg group than in the 5-mg group (8.1 vs. 9.1; P = 0.04). There were no significant differences between the two groups in recurrent events, @entity548 , survival, and number of INR measurements greater than 5.0. CONCLUSION: The 10-mg @entity1229 initiation nomogram is superior to the 5-mg nomogram because it allows more rapid achievement of a therapeutic INR.

title: Comparison of 10-mg and 5-mg XXXX initiation nomograms together with low-molecular-weight heparin for outpatient treatment of @entity1211 . A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['acute venous thromboembolism', 'venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['major bleeding']

answer: @entity1229 :: (MESH:D014859,Chemical) :: ['warfarin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Data on routine systemic treatment of @entity1 with @entity43 are currently available only to a limited degree. The alkylating agent @entity21193 is approved in oral (p.o.) and intravenous (i.v.) form for the treatment of @entity43 . The present non-interventional study analyzed the clinical use of @entity21193 in Germany, evaluating the mode of application, @entity137 , and response and survival rate. @entity1 AND METHODS: Two hundred and forty-eight @entity43 @entity1 in 57 Centers, who received @entity21193 mainly either i.v. (5,000-8,000 mg/m(2) d1, q21d or q28d) or p.o. (400-600 mg/m(2) d1-14 or 21, q28d) for at least one therapy cycle were evaluable and were included in the study. RESULTS: With a median age of 70 years (range=36-92 years), predominantly elderly @entity1 received @entity21193 treatment. Most @entity1 presented serous histology (131, 52.8%) and advanced-stage FIGO III (122, 49%) or IV (55, 22%) disease. Median ECOG status was 1 (range=0-2), whereas cardiac co-morbidity was common (31%). @entity21193 was usually administered as second- (26%), third- (21%) or fourth-line (17%) therapy. Two hundred and one @entity1 received i.v. and 47 p.o. TREATMENT: The most common reason for dose modifications was due to hematological @entity137 (46%). The main reason for a therapy discontinuation was progressive disease (38.5%). Response was observed in 25.8% of @entity1 , disease stabilization in 28.6 % and progress in 45.6%. The median progression-free and overall survival was 196 and 405 days, respectively. CONCLUSION: In predominantly elderly and heavily pre-treated @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 , @entity21193 featured a clinical relevant efficacy and well-manageable, mostly hematological, @entity137 , which resulted in a positive therapeutic index.

title: XXXX in the Treatment of Advanced @entity43 - Results of a German Multicenter Non-interventional Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity21193 :: ('MESH:C018404', 'Chemical') :: ['treosulfan', 'Treosulfan']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity21193 :: (MESH:C018404,Chemical) :: ['Treosulfan']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Mass @entity221 may be difficult to differentiate from illness caused by bioterrorism, rapidly spreading infection, or toxic substances. We investigated symptoms attributed to exposure to toxic gas at a high school in Tennessee. In November 1998, a teacher noticed a 'gasoline-like' smell in her classroom, and soon thereafter she had a @entity10 , @entity390 , @entity1353 , and @entity1296 . The school was evacuated, and 80 students and 19 staff members went to the emergency room at the local hospital; 38 @entity1 were hospitalized overnight. Five days later, after the school had reopened, another 71 @entity1 went to the emergency room. An extensive investigation was performed by several government agencies. RESULTS: We were unable to find a medical or environmental explanation for the reported illnesses. The @entity1 who reported symptoms on the first day came from 36 classrooms scattered throughout the school. The most frequent symptoms (in this group and the group of @entity1 who reported symptoms five days later) were @entity10 , @entity1296 , @entity390 , and drowsiness. Blood and urine specimens showed no evidence of @entity1223 , volatile organic compounds, pesticides, @entity3215 , @entity6453 , or @entity349 . There was no evidence of toxic compounds in the environment. A questionnaire administered a month later showed that the reported symptoms were significantly associated with female sex, seeing another ill @entity1 , knowing that a classmate was ill, and reporting an unusual odor at the school. CONCLUSIONS: The illness attributed to toxic exposure had features of mass @entity221 - notably, widespread subjective symptoms thought to be associated with environmental exposure to a toxic substance in the absence of objective evidence of an environmental cause. Alleviation of the @entity148 surrounding an episode of mass @entity221 requires prompt recognition and a detailed investigation.

title: Mass XXXX attributed to toxic exposure at a high school.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'person', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity6453 :: ('MESH:D010269', 'Chemical') :: ['paraquat']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity3215 :: ('MESH:D011078', 'Chemical') :: ['polychlorinated biphenyls']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['psychogenic illness']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['psychogenic illness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2727 ( @entity7541 ) is a neural stimulant agent, which its neurochemical and behavioral effect remain unclear. @entity906 is a @entity750 - @entity1063 reuptake inhibitor @entity9022 , which was used for management of @entity308 and @entity148 . In this study, protective effects of @entity906 on @entity7541 induced @entity148 , @entity308 and @entity73 were investigated. METHODS: Forty-eight adult male @entity35 were divided randomly to 5 groups. Group 1, received normal saline (0.2 ml/ @entity35 ) for 21 days and served as control group. Group 2, received @entity7541 (10 mg/kg) for 21 days. Groups, 3, 4, 5 and 6 concurrently were treated by @entity7541 (10 mg/kg) and @entity906 at doses of 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg respectively for 21 days. On day 22, elevated plus maze (EPM), open field test (OFT), forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) were used to investigate the level of @entity148 and @entity308 in animals. In addition, between days 17 and 21, Morris water maze (MWM) was used to evaluate the effect of @entity7541 on spatial learning and memory. RESULTS: @entity7541 caused @entity308 and @entity148 in a dose-dependent manner in FST, OFT, EPM and TST, which were significantly different compared with control group. Furthermore, @entity7541 can significantly attenuate the motor activity in OFT. @entity906 in all doses can attenuate @entity7541 induced @entity148 , @entity308 and motor activity alterations. @entity7541 also can disturb learning and memory in MWM, but @entity906 did not alter this effect of @entity7541 . CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that @entity906 can be protective in the brain against @entity7541 induced @entity148 and @entity308 .

title: Reduction of @entity2727 Induced @entity148 , @entity73 by Various doses of @entity906 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity9022 :: ('D000928', 'Chemical') :: ['antidepressant']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognition impairment']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity906 :: ('MESH:C047426', 'Chemical') :: ['Venlafaxine', 'venlafaxine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylphenidate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: CONTEXT: Kidney, prostate, and @entity150 increase with age and are influenced partly by modifiable risk factors. @entity5 rates may increase substantially amid a growing, aging population. OBJECTIVE: To describe kidney, @entity263 incidence, mortality, and risk factor-attributable bladder and @entity703 @entity204 between 1990 and 2013, by age, sex, and development status. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: @entity5 mortality data were derived from global vital registries. Incidence data from @entity5 registries were transformed to mortality estimates using separately estimated mortality incidence ratios. These sources served as input data for an ensemble modeling approach to estimate bladder, prostate, and @entity703 mortality. Cause-specific mortality estimates were transformed into incidence estimates using mortality incidence ratios. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: In 2013, 2.1 million kidney, @entity263 cases occurred worldwide, increasing 2.5-fold since 1990. Mortality increased 1.6-fold between 1990 and 2013. Eight-two percent of new cases in 2013 occurred in individuals aged 60 yr and older. @entity1 from developed countries had the highest age-standardized @entity204 rates among all three @entity5 . Smoking-attributable @entity703 @entity204 decreased while @entity28 -related @entity204 rose, most prominently in @entity1 from developing countries. Smoking-related @entity150 @entity204 increased among @entity1 from developed countries and decreased among @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 burden has increased globally amid population growth and aging. High income countries face the highest incidence and @entity204 rates; however, @entity28 -attributed @entity703 @entity204 are increasing in developing countries. Efforts to expand the global oncologic workforce and reduce preventable factors may lessen @entity5 disparities in developing countries. @entity1 SUMMARY: We describe the impact of population growth, aging, and lifestyle factors such as smoking and @entity28 , on kidney, @entity263 rates worldwide. More new @entity5 cases and @entity204 occur in developed countries compared with developing countries. In addition to preventive efforts, healthcare systems must emphasize training of a urologic oncology workforce.

title: Global Burden of XXXX , 1990-2013.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Men', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['bladder, and prostate cancer', 'bladder, and prostate cancers']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'Urologic cancer', 'Urological cancer']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancers', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Urologic Cancers']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Treatment of choice at stable @entity174 is still a matter of debate. The aim of this study is assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) regarding short form-36 (SF-36) and its correlation with @entity1513 in @entity1 affected by thoracolumbar @entity174 without @entity51 undergoing posterior short segment pedicular screw fixation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with thoracolumbar @entity174 without @entity51 , meeting our criteria were enrolled in this study. The @entity1 underwent short segment pedicular screw fixation. After 2 years of follow-up, the outcome assessment was performed with evaluating HRQOL; SF-36. The mean    standard deviation was measured at each eight category of SF-36 and compared with normative values of Iran. The correlation of Cobb angle and @entity158 was analyzed by linear regression. RESULTS: The study detected reduced quality of life (QOL), with total mean of 49.7    14 and physical function grade of 61.2    22 which was significantly lower than Iran normative reported as 85.9    19. Fifty percent still suffered from moderate to severe @entity158 and Cobb angle had no statistically significant correlation with @entity158 . CONCLUSIONS: It seems that surgical treatment could not improve @entity158 related disability of @entity1 with stable thoracolumbar @entity174 at long term follow up.

title: The long-term efficacy of pedicular screw fixation at @entity1 suffering from thoracolumbar XXXX without @entity51 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['burst fractures', 'burst fracture']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits', 'neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'body pain']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['burst fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac involvement is a major cause of mortality in @entity1 with @entity2106 ( @entity2106 ). However, diagnosis remains underestimated and delayed, owing to subclinical @entity130 . Cardiac troponin-I measurement ( @entity6949 ) on admission could improve the early diagnosis of cardiac involvement and have prognostic value. OBJECTIVES: To assess the predictive value of @entity6949 in @entity1 with @entity2106 for @entity204 or refractoriness. @entity1 /METHODS: The study involved a prospective cohort of adult @entity2106 @entity1 with acquired severe @entity2105 deficiency (<  10%) and included in the registry of the French Reference Center for @entity9818 . Centralized @entity6949 measurements were performed on frozen serum on admission. RESULTS: Between January 2003 and December 2011, 133 @entity1 with @entity2106 (mean age, 48      17  years) had available @entity6949 measurements on admission. Thirty-two @entity1 (24%) had clinical and/or electrocardiogram features. Nineteen (14.3%) had cardiac symptoms, mainly @entity712 and @entity583 . Electrocardiogram changes, mainly repolarization disorders, were present in 13 cases. An increased @entity6949 level (>  0.1   g  L(-1) ) was present in 78 @entity1 (59%), of whom 46 (59%) had no clinical cardiac involvement. The main outcomes were @entity204 (25%) and refractoriness (17%). Age (P  =  0.02) and @entity6949 level (P  =  0.002) showed the greatest impact on survival. A @entity6949 level of >  0.25   g  L(-1) was the only independent factor in predicting @entity204 (odds ratio [OR]  2.87; 95% confidence interval [CI]  1.13-7.22; P  =  0.024) and/or refractoriness (OR  3.03; 95%  CI  1.27-7.3; P  =  0.01). CONCLUSIONS: A @entity6949 level of >  0.25   g  L(-1) at presentation in @entity1 with @entity2106 appears to be an independent factor associated with a three-fold increase in the risk of @entity204 or refractoriness. Therefore, @entity6949 level should be considered as a prognostic indicator in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2106 .

title: Cardiac troponin-I on diagnosis predicts XXXX and refractoriness in acquired @entity2106 . Experience of the French @entity9818 Reference Center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity9818 :: ('MESH:D057049', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombotic Microangiopathies']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2106 :: ('MESH:D011697', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura', 'TTP']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['early death']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The role of biomarkers of subclinical @entity32 in the early deterioration of glycaemia before @entity164 2 @entity6 is largely unknown. We hypothesised that increased levels of circulating proinflammatory biomarkers and decreased circulating @entity1254 would be associated with 7  year increases of HbA1c in non- @entity6 individuals. METHODS: This study was based on individuals who participated in the prospective Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) S4 survey (1999-2001) and the 7  year follow-up KORA F4 (2006-2008) survey. Individuals with @entity164 2 @entity6 at baseline or with a diagnosis of @entity6 in the period between both surveys were excluded, which left a sample of 850 @entity1 and @entity1 . Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to assess associations among baseline values of leucocyte count and levels of acute-phase proteins (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP], @entity5475 [ @entity5475 ] and @entity2002 ), @entity650 and @entity1254 with changes in @entity4051 c between baseline and follow-up. RESULTS: A high leucocyte count and high hsCRP, @entity5475 and @entity650 levels were positively associated with changes in @entity4051 c after adjusting for age, sex, lifestyle factors and baseline HbA1c. In contrast, the @entity1254 level was inversely associated with changes in HbA1c (p value between <0.0001 and 0.020). The associations of leucocyte count and levels of hsCRP and @entity5475 with HbA1c changes remained significant after additional adjustment for waist circumference and circulating lipids at baseline and for the 7  year change in waist circumference (p value between 0.004 and 0.045). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: An elevated leucocyte count and elevated hsCRP and @entity5475 were associated with early deterioration of glycaemia before the diagnosis of @entity164 2 @entity6 . These associations were largely independent of baseline abdominal adiposity and increases in waist circumference.

title: Association of subclinical @entity32 with deterioration of glycaemia before the diagnosis of XXXX 2 @entity6 : the KORA S4/F4 study.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Despite @entity788 being the fifth highest cause of @entity5 in developed regions, there is a paucity of population-based management details for @entity1 with @entity788 . The objective of this study was to reflect on current practice and outcomes to facilitate future improvement. METHODS: A comprehensive population-based patterns-of-care study in 2 Australian states was conducted. @entity1 diagnosed with @entity788 between July 2009 and June 2011 were identified by @entity5 registries, and detailed clinical data were collected from medical records. RESULTS: Data were collected for 1863 @entity1 , 96% of those eligible. The majority resided in major cities; their median age was 72 years, and 54% were @entity1 . Over half of the cases (58%) had @entity3 at diagnosis. Resection was attempted for 20% of @entity1 but only completed in 15%. The uptake of adjuvant chemotherapy (76%) and the proportion alive at 1-year (22%) were higher than reported in previous population-based reports. Of those with no complete surgical resection, 43% received palliative chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: This population-based overview of the management of @entity1 with @entity788 suggests that, despite evidence that the proportion surviving and the use of adjuvant chemotherapy has increased, there may still be underutilization of @entity5 -directed therapies.

title: Describing Patterns of Care in XXXX : A Population-Based Study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer death', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic Cancer']


abstract: Healthcare payers make decisions on funding for treatments for diseases, such as @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ), on a population level, so require evidence of treatment success in appropriate populations, using usual routine care as the comparison for alternative management approaches. Such health outcomes evidence can be obtained from a number of sources. The 'gold standard' method for obtaining evidence of treatment success is usually taken as the randomized controlled prospective clinical trial. Yet the value of such studies in providing evidence for decision-makers can be questioned due to the restricted entry criteria limiting the ability to generalize to real life populations, narrow focus on individual parameters, use of placebo for comparison rather than usual therapy and unrealistic intense monitoring of @entity1 . Evidence obtained from retrospective and observational studies can supplement that from randomized clinical trials, providing that care is taken to guard against bias and confounders. However, very large numbers of @entity1 must be investigated if small differences between drugs and treatment approaches are to be detected. Administrative databases from healthcare systems provide an opportunity to obtain observational data on large numbers of @entity1 . Such databases have shown that high healthcare costs in @entity1 with @entity1030 are associated with co-morbid conditions and current smoking status. Analysis of an administrative database has also shown that elderly @entity1 with @entity1030 who received inhaled corticosteroids within 90 days of discharge from hospital had 24% fewer repeat hospitalizations for @entity1030 and were 29% less likely to die during the 1-year follow-up period. In conclusion, there are a number of sources of meaningful evidence of the health outcomes arising from different therapeutic approaches that should be of value to healthcare payers making decisions on resource allocation.

title: Obtaining evidence for use by healthcare payers on the success of XXXX management.

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adequate expansion is critical to achieve optimal Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffolds (BVS) apposition to the vessel wall. However, compared to metallic stents, BVS present different mechanical properties. Hence, slow deployment and maintenance of @entity661 for at least 30" is recommended for BVS implantation. However, since no evidences are available demonstrating the superiority of a longer balloon dilatation time, the implantation technique is highly variable among different centers. METHODS: A total of 24 BVS-treated lesions were included in the present analysis. After BVS deployment at 12 atmosphere (ATM) the balloon was rapidly deflated and scaffold expansion was documented with an angiogram. The same balloon was then inflated again and kept at 12 ATM for 30". Finally, a further angiogram was obtained to evaluate BVS expansion. Quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) was performed at each step. RESULTS: A significant increase of @entity5562 ( @entity5562 )-to-reference scaffold diameter (RSD) ratio ( @entity5562 to RSD Ration, MR-Ratio) from 0.70        0.10 after initial stent deployment to 0.79        0.10 after the 30"-long balloon dilation was observed (p   <   0.001). Of note, this result was consistent across all sub-segments, as well as across almost all lesion subgroups. A substantial reduction in the prevalence of @entity850 from 29  % to 17  % was registered after the 30"-long dilation. CONCLUSIONS: Our results strongly support the maintenance of @entity661 for at least 30" during BVS deployment to achieve optimal scaffold expansion and minimize the occurrence of @entity850 .

title: The duration of XXXX affects the luminal diameter of coronary segments after bioresorbable vascular scaffolds deployment.

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['residual stenosis']

entities_list: @entity5562 :: ('MESH:D015875', 'Disease') :: ['MLD', 'minimal luminal diameter']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['balloon inflation']

answer: @entity661 :: (MESH:D054549,Disease) :: ['balloon inflation']


abstract: AIM: To investigate high-intensity zone (HIZ) changes after lumbar posterior dynamic instrumentation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Our study included 53 @entity1 : 27 @entity1 in group 1, 26 @entity1 in group 2. All @entity1 had one or two levels of @entity179 with an HIZ confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Group 1 underwent one- or two-level dynamic lumbar posterior instrumentation. Group 2 was treated conservatively with an exercise program. @entity1 were evaluated using MRI, a numerical visual analog @entity158 scale (VAS), and the @entity717 Index (ODI) at baseline, at 1 year after surgery, and at final follow-up evaluation. RESULTS: The mean duration of follow-up was 49.3 months in group 1 and 47.19 months in group 2. The baseline VAS and ODI scores were similar for both groups. The mean VAS score of group 1 was significantly improved at 1 year after surgery and at final follow-up. The mean ODI value was lower in group 1 than in group 2 at 1 year and at final follow-up. Pfirrmann grades in group 1 significantly differed at 1 year and at final follow-up but did not change in group 2. The number of HIZs significantly decreased in from baseline to 1 year and from baseline to final follow-up in group 1 but did not differ in group 2. CONCLUSION: Dynamic lumbar stabilization systems are promising. Observations such as Pfirrmann grade improvements and disappearance of HIZs are concordant with improvements in VAS and ODI scores demonstrate that dynamic stabilization systems may provide an environment for regeneration.

title: Effect of Posterior Dynamic Instrumentation on High-Intensity Zone in Lumbar XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disc disease']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['Degenerative Disc Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Among the various diagnostic criteria for @entity9608 , the ratio criteria have been controversial. However, the amended insulin- @entity413 ratio exhibited excellent diagnostic performance in a recent retrospective cohort study, although it has not yet been validated in other @entity1 cohorts. We examined the diagnostic performance of the current criteria of the Endocrine Society, insulin- @entity413 ratio, C-peptide- @entity413 ratio, and amended ratios in terms of differentiating @entity9608 . METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of @entity1 who underwent evaluation for @entity4053 from 2000 to 2013. Fourteen @entity1 with histopathologically confirmed @entity9608 and 18 @entity1 without clinical evidence of @entity9608 were included. The results of a prolonged fast test were analyzed according to the abovementioned criteria. RESULTS: Fulfilling all three Endocrine Society criteria-plasma levels of @entity413 (<3.0 mmol/L), insulin (>= 18 pmol/L), and C-peptide (>= 0.2 nmol/L)-exhibited 100% sensitivity and 89% specificity. Fulfilling the @entity413 and C-peptide criteria showed 100% sensitivity and 83% specificity, while fulfilling the @entity413 and insulin criteria showed 100% sensitivity and 72% specificity. Among the ratio criteria, the insulin- @entity413 ratio [>24.0 (pmol/L)/(mmol/L)] gave the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, with 93% sensitivity and 94% specificity. CONCLUSION: Fulfilling the @entity413 , insulin, and C-peptide criteria of the Endocrine Society guidelines exhibited the best diagnostic performance for @entity9608 . Nonetheless, the insulin- @entity413 ratio may still have a role in the biochemical diagnosis of @entity9608 .

title: Clinical Implications of Various Criteria for the Biochemical Diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9608 :: ('MESH:D007340', 'Disease') :: ['insulinoma', 'insulinomas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity9608 :: (MESH:D007340,Disease) :: ['Insulinoma']


abstract: Computed tomographic (CT) studies of 80 @entity235 with chronic @entity11766 (nasal @entity5 (n = 19), @entity2381 (n = 46), nonspecific @entity2490 (n = 11), and @entity2490 (n = 4)) were reviewed retrospectively by two independent observers. Each observer filled out a custom-designed list to record his or her interpretation of the CT signs and selected a diagnosis. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for the diagnosis of each disease. The agreement between observers was evaluated. The CT signs corresponded to those previously described in the literature. CT had an accuracy greater than 90% for each observer in all disease processes. The sensitivity, specificity, @entity2286 , and NPV were greater than 80% in all @entity235 with the exception of the @entity2286 of @entity2490 (80% for observer A and 44% for observer B). There was a substantial, to almost perfect, agreement between the two observers regarding the CT signs and diagnosis. This study indicates a high accuracy of CT for diagnosis of @entity235 with chronic @entity11766 . The differentiation between @entity2381 restricted to the nasal passages and @entity2490 may be difficult when the foreign body is not visible.

title: Diagnostic value of computed tomography in XXXX with chronic @entity11766 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity2490 :: ('MESH:D012220', 'Disease') :: ['foreign body rhinitis', 'rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['nasal aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity11766 :: ('MESH:D009668', 'Disease') :: ['nasal disease']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The present study was undertaken to characterize the genetic variation present in lymphoxin A gene (LTA gene) encoding for the lymphotoxin A protein also known as @entity5 @entity39 factor beta, a cytokine produced by lymphocytes, known to be cytotoxic for a wide range of @entity5 cells both in vitro and in vivo, and, which is essential for normal immunological development; in 40 animals of 5 diverse @entity7040 Indian @entity7040 breeds. These breeds survive under the harsh and tough tropical climatic conditions of various parts of the Indian subcontinent. The LTA gene in the present study was observed to contain 33 SNPs and 3 small insertion/deletion polymorphisms. Four SNPs occurred in the coding regions of the gene viz. @entity69310 and @entity69311 in exon 2 and @entity69312 and @entity69313 in exon 3, of which the SNP @entity69310 in exon 2 resulted in a non-synonymous @entity3689 change @entity69314 . This @entity3689 change was however predicted not be affecting the protein function in any manner. The gene contained putative transcription factor binding sites for the c-Re1 and for Pax-4 transcription factors. A putative promoter region was also predicted on the reverse DNA strand from position 894 to 644. Several repeat elements and microsatellite repeats were detected to be occurring across the 3.2kb LTA gene sequence. The study showed the occurrence of 40 genotypes and 48 most probable haplotypes. The genotypes at the observed SNP positions in the LTA gene were in near Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. A negative Tajima's D value that was not significant statistically at P>0.10 indicated that the neutral mutation hypothesis could not be excluded. The genetic variations observed in the LTA gene in the present study have not been reported earlier and these could possibly be used as molecular markers for further studies involving association of the gene variability with disease resistance/tolerance traits.

title: Nucleotide polymorphisms in the bovine lymphotoxin A gene and their distribution among @entity7040 XXXX breeds.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity69314 :: ('p|SUB|G|38|D', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['G38D']

entities_list: @entity7040 :: ('9915', 'Species') :: ['zebu cattle', 'Bos indicus']

answer: @entity7040 :: (9915,Species) :: ['zebu cattle']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of reducing @entity205 ( @entity9472 ) dosing frequency from daily to every other day (EOD) or twice a week (TW) according to clinical response in @entity468 with @entity56 ( @entity56 ) and treated with @entity9472 . METHODS: One hundred and ninety-one @entity468 with @entity56 were given 7 mg/kg @entity9472 daily for at least 4 weeks. Depending on clinical response, the dosing frequency was tapered from daily to EOD over the next 4 weeks and further to TW for an additional 4 weeks. Safety was evaluated through physical examinations, clinical pathology and the monitoring of adverse events (AEs). RESULTS: The majority of @entity468 were able to have their dose of @entity9472 tapered to either EOD (15.5%) or TW (62.9%) according to the clinical response. Observed AEs were most frequently mild and self-limiting @entity391 and @entity294 . A higher percentage of AEs occurred with daily administration (73%) compared with other dosing regimens (27%). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Following 4 weeks of daily dosing at 7 mg/kg, @entity9472 may be tapered to EOD or TW while maintaining the desired therapeutic response in @entity468 with @entity56 . Additionally, @entity9472 appears to be well tolerated with fewer AEs at EOD or TW dosing. Establishing the lowest effective dosing frequency of @entity9472 improves the drug's safety profile.

title: Clinical efficacy and safety following dose tapering of @entity205 in @entity468 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['ciclosporin']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity dermatitis', 'HD']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['hypersensitivity dermatitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Over the last 5 years there has been a surge in interest in the molecular classification of @entity14 . The effect of molecular subtyping on current treatment decisions is limited to avoidance of adjuvant @entity1487 chemotherapy in stage II microsatellite unstable-high disease and avoidance of @entity470 -targeted antibodies in extended RAS mutant @entity5 . The emergence of specific novel combination therapy for the @entity817 -mutant cohort and of the microsatellite unstable-high cohort as a responsive group to immune checkpoint inhibition shows the growing importance of a clinically relevant molecular taxonomy. Clinical trials such as the Medical Research Council FOCUS4 trial using biomarkers to select @entity1 for specific therapies are currently open and testing such approaches. The integration of mutation, gene expression and pathological analyses is refining our understanding of the biological subtypes within @entity14 . Sharing of data sets of parallel sequencing and gene expression of thousands of @entity5 among independent groups has allowed the description of disease subsets and the need for a validated consensus classification has become apparent. This biological understanding of the disease is a key step forward in developing a stratified approach to @entity1 management. The discovery of stratifiers that predict a response to existing and emerging therapies will enable better use of these treatments. Improved scientific understanding of the biological characteristics of poorly responsive subgroups will facilitate the design of novel biologically rational combinations. Novel treatment regimens, including the combination of new drugs with radiation, and the discovery and validation of their associated predictive biomarkers will gradually lead to improved outcomes from therapy.

title: Molecular Taxonomy and Tumourigenesis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the respective or combinatory efficacy of locally delivered 2% @entity1214 (MO), and scaling and root planning (SRP) by assessing both clinical parameters and the loads of four main periodontal pathogens in treating @entity7278 ( @entity7278 ). METHODS: Seventy adults with @entity7278 were randomly assigned to the three treatment groups: 1) SRP alone; 2) MO alone; and 3) combinatory use of SRP and MO (SRP + MO). Before and 7 days after the treatments, we evaluated both clinical parameters ( @entity5951 [ @entity5951 ] and sulcus bleeding index [SBI]) and the gene load of four main periodontal pathogens ( @entity3841 [Aa], @entity8209 [Fn], @entity2523 [Pg], and @entity3288 [Pi]). RESULTS: The bacterial prevalence per @entity1 was: Aa, 31.25%; Fn, 100%; Pg, 95.31%; and Pi, 98.44%. Seven days after treatment, the three treatments significantly reduced both @entity5951 and SBI, but not detection frequencies of the four pathogens. For @entity5951 , the reduction efficacy of SRP + MO was significantly higher than that of either MO or SRP. Only Pg responded significantly to SRP. Pg and Fn were significantly reduced in the presence of MO. Only SRP + MO showed a significant reduction effect on the gene load of Pi. The reduction of @entity5951 significantly correlated with the gene load of Pi (r=0.26; P=0.042) but not of the other bacteria. CONCLUSION: SRP and MO reduced the load of Pi in an interdependent pattern, which correlated with symptomatic improvements of @entity7278 .

title: Scaling and root planning, and locally delivered @entity1214 reduces the load of XXXX in an interdependent pattern, correlating with symptomatic improvements of @entity7278 : a short-term randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1214 :: ('MESH:D008911', 'Chemical') :: ['minocycline']

entities_list: @entity8209 :: ('851', 'Species') :: ['Fusobacterium nucleatum']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'chronic periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity3288 :: ('28131', 'Species') :: ['Prevotella intermedia']

entities_list: @entity3841 :: ('714', 'Species') :: ['Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans']

entities_list: @entity5951 :: ('MESH:D005888', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'pocket depth']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis']

answer: @entity3288 :: (28131,Species) :: ['Prevotella intermedia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Food hypersensitivity is characterized by a wide range of symptoms. The relationship between symptoms and food is more frequently suspected than objectively proven. Basophil activation test (BAT) is based on the evaluation of activation markers on blood basophils in vitro stimulated with drugs or allergens. The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of BAT when introduced in the routine work-up of suspected @entity56 . METHODS: BAT was requested in subjects with food adverse reactions when a discrepancy existed among history and skin prick test (SPT) and/or specific IgE. Data from 150 subjects were analysed using @entity5775 as basophil activation marker. Thirty controls were evaluated for cut-offs. Immunoblots was performed with the sera of representative subjects positive for BAT and negative for SPT and sIgE. RESULTS: 1,024 BAT were carried out, the agreement (positive/positive and negative/negative) was 78.5% for BAT vs. SPT and 78.3% for BAT vs. IgE. @entity1097 @entity1 , but not @entity1097 controls, more frequently had a positive BAT than non- @entity1097 @entity1 (P   <   0.0001). Among subjects with positive BAT, those with negative sIgE had lower total IgE, P   =   0.001. Nearly 23.3% of all subjects had positive BAT (for at least one tested food) and both negative sIgE and SPT. Immunoblots revealed the presence of sIgE for the tested foods in representative @entity1 with positive BAT, negative SPT and sIgE. CONCLUSION: Introduction of BAT in routine of @entity56 , limited to subjects with a discrepancy between history and traditional tests, might be useful particularly when total IgE are low.    2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society.

title: Evaluation of basophil activation test in suspected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1097 :: ('MESH:C566404', 'Disease') :: ['atopic', 'Atopic']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['food hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['food hypersensitivity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2657 ( @entity2657 ) complicates at least 20  % of large hemispheric @entity1188 (LHI) and may result in @entity16 or @entity204 . @entity601 ( @entity601 ) is a standard but crude measure of @entity4 severity. We propose that volumetric analysis of shifts in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) over time provides a reliable means of quantifying the spectrum of @entity4 severity after LHI. METHODS: We identified 38 @entity1 from 2008 to 2014 with NIHSS >= 8, baseline CT <6  h after @entity64 onset, at least 1 follow-up (FU) CT, and no parenchymal @entity1410 . The volumes of CSF (sulci, ventricles, and cisterns) ipsilateral (IL) and contralateral (CL) to @entity1188 on baseline and FU CTs were quantified by manually assisted outlining with MIPAV image analysis software, as was @entity1188 volume and @entity601 on FU CTs. Percentage change in CSF volumes (   CSF) from baseline to FU scans was correlated with @entity601 and compared in those with vs. without @entity4 (defined as hemicraniectomy, osmotic therapy, or @entity16 with @entity601 >= 5  mm). RESULTS: 11 of 38 subjects (29  %) developed @entity4 . Neither baseline NIHSS nor CSF volume differed between those with and without @entity4 (median NIHSS 18 vs. 13, p  =  0.12, CSF volume 102 vs. 124  ml, p  =  0.16). Inter-rater reliability for CSF measurements was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.97).    CSF correlated strongly with @entity601 at peak @entity4 (r  =  -0.75), even adjusting for @entity1188 volume (p  =  0.009).    CSF was also greater in those with @entity4 [-55  % (IQR -49 to -62) vs. -36  % (-27 to -45), p  =  0.004].    CSF was the greatest within IL sulci [-97  % (-86 to -99) vs. -71  % (-41 to -79), p  =  0.002] but also significantly greater within CL sulci in those with @entity4 [-50  % (-29 to -65) vs. -25  % (0 to -31), p  =  0.014]. More than half this CSF volume reduction occurred by the time of first FU CT around 24  h after @entity64 , while @entity601 rose later. CONCLUSIONS: Volumetric CSF analysis reliably quantifies @entity2657 and distinguishes those with @entity4 and @entity601 from those with a more benign course after LHI.    CSF may provide an earlier and more sensitive indicator of @entity4 severity across a broader dynamic range than @entity601 .

title: CSF Volumetric Analysis for Quantification of @entity2657 After XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant cerebral edema', 'CED']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema', 'malignant edema']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['death/neurological deterioration', 'neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['MLS', 'Midline shift']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['Hemispheric Infarction']


abstract: PURPOSE: To demonstrate the possibility and quantify the impact of operating a clinical CT scanner at exceptionally high x- @entity16039 tube voltage for better penetration through metal objects and facilitating metal artifact reduction. METHODS: We categorize metal objects according to the data corruption severeness (level of distortion and complete photon starvation fraction). To demonstrate feasibility and investigate the impact of high voltage scanning we modified a commercial GE LightSpeed VCT scanner (generator and software) to enable CT scans with x- @entity16039 tube voltages as high as 175 kVp. A 20 cm diameter water phantom with two metal rods (10 mm stainless and 25 mm @entity702 ) and a water phantom with realistic metal object (spine cage) were used to evaluate the data corruption and image artifacts in the absence of any algorithm correction. We also performed simulations to confirm our understanding of the transmitted photon levels through metal objects with different size and composition. RESULTS: The reconstructed images at 175 kVp still have significant dark shading artifacts, as expected since no special scatter correction or beam hardening was performed but show substantially lower noise and photon starvation than at lower kVp due to better beam penetration. Analysis of the raw data shows that the photon starved data is reduced from over 4% at 140 kVp to below 0.2% at 175 kVp. The simulations indicate that for clinically relevant @entity702 and stainless objects a 175 kVp tube voltage effectively avoids photon starvation. CONCLUSION: The use of exceptionally high tube voltage on a clinical CT system is a practical and effective solution to avoid photon starvation caused by certain metal implants. Sparse and hybrid high-voltage protocols are being considered to maintain low @entity1 dose. This opens the door to algorithmic physics-based corrections rather than treating the data as missing and relying on missing data algorithms. Some of the authors are employees of General Electric.

title: MO-FG-CAMPUS-IeP2-05: Feasibility Demonstration of High-Voltage Clinical CT and Impact On X- XXXX Penetration Through Metal Objects.

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity16039 :: (255564,Species) :: ['Ray']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5325 ( @entity5325 ) has increasingly been recognized, and it is well known that @entity5325 is sometimes complicated by @entity6087 ( @entity3439 ). In this study, 55 cases of @entity5325 with @entity3439 were retrospectively analyzed, focusing on therapeutic strategies and outcomes. Of 169 @entity5325 cases (75 males, 84 females), 55 (36 males, 19 females) were complicated by @entity3439 . @entity5325 was diagnosed based on clinical symptoms, neuroimaging, and/or low cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Presence of @entity10 and diffuse meningeal enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging were regarded as the most important criteria. Among 55 @entity5325 with @entity3439 cases, 13 improved with conservative treatment, 25 initially received an epidural blood patch (EBP), and 17 initially underwent irrigation of the @entity1410 . Of the 25 initially treated with EBP, 7 (28.0%) needed @entity3439 surgery and 18 (72.0%) recovered fully without surgery. Of 17 @entity3439 cases initially treated with surgery, 6 (35.7%) required no EBP therapy and the other 11 (64.3%) needed EBP and/or additional @entity3439 operations. In the latter group, 2 cases had transient severe complications during and after the procedures. One of these 2 cases developed a @entity7374 . Despite this single, non-severe complication, all enrolled in this study achieved good outcomes. The present study suggests that @entity1 initially receiving @entity3439 surgery may need additional treatments and may occasionally have complications. If conservative treatment is insufficient, EBP should be performed prior to @entity1410 irrigation.

title: XXXX Associated with @entity5325 : Therapeutic Strategies and Outcomes of 55 Cases.

entities_list: @entity6087 :: ('MESH:D020200', 'Disease') :: ['chronic subdural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity7374 :: ('MESH:D006685', 'Disease') :: ['hoarse voice complication']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic headache']

entities_list: @entity5325 :: ('MESH:D019585', 'Disease') :: ['SIH', 'Spontaneous intracranial hypotension']

answer: @entity6087 :: (MESH:D020200,Disease) :: ['Chronic Subdural Hematoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Although approximately 50% of @entity2195 @entity14 @entity1 are surgically cured, it is currently not possible to distinguish these @entity1 from those at high risk of recurrence. The recent advent of routine adjuvant chemotherapy for these @entity1 has greatly complicated the identification of new markers predicting the response to surgery, which is now reliant on archived materials. Microarray analysis allows fine @entity5 classification but cannot be used with @entity982 -embedded archival samples. METHODS: We used microarray analysis of a unique set of fresh-frozen @entity5 samples from @entity2195 @entity1 who had surgery as the only form of treatment to identify molecular signatures that characterize @entity5 from @entity1 with good and bad prognosis. RESULTS: Unsupervised hierarchical clustering and a K-nearest neighbors-based classifier identified groups of @entity1 with significantly different survival (P = .019 and P = .0001). Expression profiling outperformed previously reported genetic markers of prognosis such as @entity876 and @entity984 mutational status and allelic imbalance in chromosome 18q, which were of limited prognostic power in this study. Functional categories significantly enriched in gene-expression differences included protein transport and folding. The prognostic potential of the RAS homologue @entity3547 , one of the most differentially expressed genes, was further investigated using immunohistochemistry and a tissue microarray containing 137 independent @entity5 samples. Reduced @entity3547 expression was associated with significantly shorter survival (P = .01). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that gene-expression profiling of surgical @entity5 samples can predict recurrence in @entity2195 @entity1 . Therefore, this approach could be used to guide decisions concerning the clinical management of these @entity1 .

title: Gene-expression profiling predicts recurrence in @entity2195 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ["Dukes' C tumor", 'tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Tissue engineering benefits from novel materials with precisely tunable physical, chemical and mechanical properties over a broad range. Here we report a practical approach to prepare @entity12638 silk fibroin hydrogels using the principle of @entity1172 ( @entity1172 ). A combination of reconstituted silk fibroin (RSF) and @entity1042 (non-solvent), with a final concentration of 2.5% w/v and 12.5% v/v respectively, maintained at 22   C temperature turned into a hydrogel within 10 hours. Freeze-drying of this gel gave a foam with a porosity of 88%, a water uptake capacity of 89% and a swelling index of 8.6. The gelation kinetics and the loss tangent of the gels were investigated by rheometry. The changes in the morphology of the porous foams were visualized by SEM. The changes in RSF chemical composition and the relative fraction of its secondary structural elements were analyzed by ATR-FTIR along with Fourier self-deconvolution. And, the changes in the glass transition temperature, specific heat capacity and the relative fraction of crystallinity of RSF were determined by TM-DSC. Data suggested that RSF-water- @entity1042 behaved as a polymer-solvent-non-solvent ternary phase system, wherein the demixing of the water- @entity1042 phases altered the thermodynamic equilibrium of RSF-water phases and resulted in the desolvation and eventual separation of the RSF phase. Systematic analysis revealed that both gelation time and the properties of hydrogels and porous foams could be controlled by the ratios of RSF and non-solvent concentration as well as by the type of non-solvent and incubation temperature. Due to the unique properties we envisage that the herein prepared @entity1172 induced RSF hydrogels and porous foams can possibly be used for the encapsulation of cells and/or for the controlled release of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs.

title: Silk fibroin gelation via XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity1172 :: ('MESH:D001010', 'Disease') :: ['NIPS', 'non-solvent induced phase separation']

answer: @entity1172 :: (MESH:D001010,Disease) :: ['non-solvent induced phase separation']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to assess the outcome of @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) complicated by @entity1455 ( @entity1455 ) receiving drug-eluting stents (DES) compared with bare-metal stents (BMS). Data comparing these two stent technologies in @entity583 with @entity1455 were limited. METHODS: A total of 783 @entity1 with @entity583 and @entity1455 undergoing early revascularisation were included in the randomised Intra-aortic Balloon Pump in Cardiogenic Shock II trial (n=600) and the associated registry (n=183). @entity1 receiving no stent or both, DES and BMS, were excluded. Primary end point was the composite of 1-year mortality or re- @entity583 . RESULTS: Of the total cohort, 652 (83%) @entity1 received either solely DES or BMS and were included in the present analysis. Of these, 276 (42%) @entity1 received DES and 376 (58%) received BMS. After adjustment for baseline characteristics, there was no significant difference between DES and BMS regarding the primary end point (HR 0.83 (CI 0.64 to 1.06); p=0.14). There was an independent association of BMS use with older age, @entity955 and @entity301 . DES use was associated with prior known dyslipidaemia, baseline haemoglobin level, anterior @entity583 and treatment at frequently enrolling centres. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the frequent use of DES nowadays, a substantial number of @entity1 were treated by BMS in @entity583 complicated by @entity1455 . After adjustment for risk factors, the 1-year outcome of @entity1 treated by DES compared with BMS was similar. TRIAL REGISTRATIONNUMBER: www.clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00491036.

title: Drug-eluting stents versus bare-metal stents in @entity583 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary single-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['CS', 'cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity1455 :: (MESH:D012770,Disease) :: ['cardiogenic shock']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to investigate the role of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the @entity12867 ( @entity12867 ) gene in treatment response to antivascular endothelial growth factor ( @entity7 ) therapy for neovascular age-related @entity1020 (nvAMD). METHODS: Four SNPs in the @entity12867 gene ( @entity68083 , @entity68084 , @entity68085 , and @entity68086 ) were genotyped in a study cohort of 377 nvAMD @entity1 who received the loading dose of three monthly ranibizumab injections. Treatment response was assessed as the change in visual acuity after three monthly loading injections compared with baseline. RESULTS: SNP @entity68085 was associated with change in visual acuity after 3 months of treatment. @entity1 carrying the GA or AA genotypes performed significantly worse than individuals carrying the GG genotype (P=0.01). A cumulative effect of @entity68085 in the @entity12867 gene and @entity68087 located in the @entity7 receptor 2 ( @entity319 or @entity319 ) gene, previously associated with treatment response, was observed. @entity1 carrying two risk alleles performed significantly worse than @entity1 carrying zero or one risk allele (P=0.03), and @entity1 with more than two risk alleles responded even worse to the therapy (P=3*10). The combined effect of these two SNPs on the response was also seen after 6 and 12 months of treatment. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that genetic variation in @entity12867 , a key molecule in @entity7 -driven neovascularization, influences treatment response to ranibizumab in nvAMD @entity1 . The results of this study may be used to generate prediction models for treatment response, which in the future may help tailor medical care to individual needs.

title: A genetic variant in @entity12867 is associated with worse response to ranibizumab treatment in neovascular age-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['macular degeneration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity542 is the leading cause of @entity204 in @entity130 . UK national guidelines have recommended that all @entity1 with severe @entity542 (SHI) should be treated in neuroscience centers. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of specialist neuroscience care on mortality after SHI. METHODS: We conducted a cohort study using prospectively recorded data from the largest European @entity130 registry, for adult @entity1 presenting with @entity130 between 2003 and 2009. Mortality and unadjusted odds of @entity204 were compared for @entity1 with SHI treated in neuroscience units (NSU) versus nonspecialist centers. To control for confounding, odds of @entity204 associated with non-NSU care were calculated using propensity score-adjusted multivariate logistic regression (explanatory covariates: age, Glasgow @entity772 Score, Injury Severity Score, treatment center). Sensitivity analyses were performed to study possible bias arising from selective enrollment, from loss to follow-up, and from hidden confounders. RESULTS: 5411 @entity1 were identified with SHI between 2003 and 2009, with 1485 (27.4%) receiving treatment entirely in non-NSU centers. SHI management in a non-NSU was associated with a 11% increase in crude mortality (P<0.001) and 1.72-fold (95% confidence interval: 1.52-1.96) increase in odds of @entity204 . The case mix adjusted odds of @entity204 for @entity1 treated in a non-NSU unit with SHI was 1.85 (95% confidence interval: 1.57-2.19). These results were not significantly changed in sensitivity analyses examining selective enrollment or loss to follow-up, and were robust to potential bias from unmeasured confounders. CONCLUSIONS: Our data support current national guidelines and suggest that increasing transfer rates to NSUs represents an important strategy in improving outcomes in @entity1 with SHI.

title: The effect of specialist neurosciences care on outcome in adult severe XXXX : a cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['Head injury', 'head injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['blunt trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injury']