abstract: BACKGROUND: Combat-related moderate-to-severe @entity131 (CRTBI) is a significant cause of wartime morbidity and mortality. As of August 2014, moderate-to-severe @entity131 sustained by members of the Department of Defense worldwide since 2000 totaled 32,996 cases. Previously published epidemiologic reviews describe CRTBI management at a "strategic" level, but they lack "tactical" @entity1 -specific data required for performance improvement. In addition, scarce data exist regarding prehospital CRTBI care. METHODS: This is a prospective observational study of consecutive CRTBI casualties presenting to US Role 3 medical facilities. Admission variables including demographics, initial clinical findings, and laboratory results were collected. Head computed tomographic scan findings were noted. Interventions in the first 72 postinjury hours were recorded. Early in-theater mortality was noted, but longer-term outcomes were not. RESULTS: Casualties were predominately injured by explosive blasts (78.6%). Penetrating injuries occurred in 42.9%. On arrival, Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) score was less than 8 for 47.7%. @entity2332 (temperature < 95.0  F) was present in 4.5%, and @entity551 (systolic blood pressure < 90 mm Hg) in 21.1%. @entity519 (O2 saturation < 90%) was observed in 52.5%. Both hypercarbia (Paco2 > 45 mm Hg, 50%) and hypocarbia (Paco2 < 36 mm Hg, 20.3%) were common on presentation. Head computed tomographic scan most commonly found skull fracture (68.9%), subdural @entity1410 (54.1%), and cerebral contusion (51.4%). @entity4372 saline was administered to 69.7% and factor VIIa to 11.1%. Early in-theater mortality at Role 3 was 19.4%. CONCLUSION: Avoidance of secondary @entity1545 by optimizing oxygenation, ventilation, and cerebral perfusion is the primary goal in the contemporary care of moderate-to-severe CRTBI. Ideally, this crucial care must begin as early as possible after injury. Given the frequency of @entity551 , @entity519 , and both hypercarbia and hypocarbia upon Role 3 arrival, increased emphasis on prehospital management is indicated. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic study, level IV; epidemiologic study, level III.

title: Early in-theater management of combat-related XXXX : A prospective, observational study to identify opportunities for performance improvement.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury', 'traumatic brain injuries']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertonic']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothermia']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: Experimental @entity1318 @entity235 produced with Deloyer's method showed higher resting pressure at the gastroesophageal junction and the increase in LES pressure in response to @entity23910 and @entity8586 . Dose-response curve of the LES to each dose of @entity23910 in @entity1318 @entity235 shifted to the left. Resting LES pressure in 11 @entity1 with @entity1318 was 42.73 +/- 23.31 cm @entity2507 . It increased significantly after intramuscular injection of 5 micrograms/kg of @entity23910 and fluoroscopic observation showed the tonic contraction of the lower esophagus and @entity418 . After the performance of Jekler-Lhotka operation, LES pressure decreased to lower values sufficient to prevent the @entity354 . Comparing 5 kinds of hiatal herniorrhaphies in @entity235 , LES pressure increased postoperatively in the following order: Nissen, Belsey Mark IV, Stensrud, Hill and Harrington methods. Responses to @entity23910 increased after Nissen and Belsey Mark IV methods. In 12 out of 21 clinical cases of sliding @entity357 who had undergone Nissen-Rossetti method adding fundopexy and posterior gastropexy, preoperative esophageal manometry showed HPZ of 24.98 +/- 8.87 cm @entity2507 in peak value and 5.1 +/- 3.46 cm in length. Seven cases showed the biphasic pattern and 5 cases showed the negative response to @entity23910 . Postoperative manometry showed HPZ of 31.42 +/- 18.46 cm @entity2507 in peak value and 4.5 +/- 1.73 cm in length. One case showed the biphasic pattern and 3 cases showed the negative response to @entity23910 .

title: [Gastrointestinal hormones and operations for XXXX of the esophagus and sliding @entity357 : their surgical significance].

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity23910 :: ('MESH:D013758', 'Chemical') :: ['tetragastrin']

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal hiatal hernia']

entities_list: @entity8586 :: ('MESH:D002766', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecystokinin']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['achalasia']


abstract: @entity164 2 @entity6 (T2DM) is frequently regarded as a disease of @entity28 and its occurrence in individuals of normal body mass index (BMI) is often regarded as indicating a non- @entity28 -related subtype. However, the evidence for such a distinct, common subtype is lacking. The United Kingdom Prospective @entity6 Study (UKPDS) cohort of @entity1 diagnosed with T2DM in the 1970s and 1980s had a median BMI of only 28  kg/m2. UKPDS data form the basis of current understanding of the condition even though one in three of those studied had a BMI of less than 25  kg/m2. BMI, though, is a population measure and not a rigid personal guide. Weight loss is considered de rigueur for treating @entity28 diabetic individuals, but it is not usually considered for those deemed to have a normal BMI. Given the new evidence that early T2DM can be reversed to normal @entity413 tolerance by substantial weight loss, it is important to explain why non-overweight @entity1 respond to this intervention as well as @entity28 individuals. We hypothesize that each individual has a personal fat threshold (PFT) which, if exceeded, makes likely the development of T2DM. Subsequent weight loss to take the individual below their level of susceptibility should allow return to normal @entity413 control. Crucially, the hypothesized PFT is independent of BMI. It allows both understanding of development of T2DM in the @entity28 and remission of @entity6 after substantial weight loss in @entity1 who remain @entity28 by definition. To illustrate this concept, we present the distribution curve of BMI at diagnosis for the UKPDS cohort, together with a diagram explaining individual behaviour within the population. The concept of PFT is of practical benefit in explaining the onset of @entity6 and its logical management to the @entity28 majority of @entity1 with T2DM.

title: Normal weight individuals who develop @entity164  2 XXXX : the personal fat threshold.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['non-obese', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the effects of autologous blood vessels and nerves on vascularization. METHODS: A @entity235 model of tissue-engineered bone vascularization was established by constructing @entity531 bundles through the mandibular canal. Sixteen 12-month-old healthy beagles were randomly divided into two groups (n=8). Group A retained @entity531 bundles, and Group B retained @entity129 . Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were injected into b-tricalcium phosphate to prepare internal tissue-engineered bone scaffold. A personalized @entity702 mesh was then prepared by rapid prototyping and fixed by external @entity702 scaffold. Two @entity235 in each group were sacrificed on the 30th, 45th, 60th and 90th postoperative days respectively. The bone was visually examined, scanned by CT, and subjected to HE staining, immunohistochemical staining, vascular casting and PCR to detect the changes in osteogenesis and vascularization. RESULTS: The two groups had similar outcomes in regard to osteogenesis and vascularization (P>0.05): both showed remarkable regenerative capacities. CONCLUSIONS: The model of tissue-engineered bone vascularization is potentially applicable in clinical practice to allow satisfactory osteogenesis and vascularization.

title: The effects of separating XXXX bundles on osteogenesis of tissue-engineered bone and vascularization.

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['inferior alveolar neurovascular']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['inferior alveolar nerves']

answer: @entity531 :: (MESH:D013901,Disease) :: ['inferior alveolar neurovascular']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current applications of @entity79 ( @entity79 ) data in age studies are not free of certain drawbacks. Since it is well established that age-related patterns of @entity79 changes involve three distinct periods (bone acquisition in youth, stabilization at maturity, and decrease with ageing), adjusting for age via an inappropriate mathematical function may lead to inconsistencies and wrong conclusions. HYPOTHESIS: The piecewise model, which encompasses the above three periods, will accurately describe the @entity79 on age. OBJECTIVE: To examine age-related patterns of @entity79 changes using a number of possible mathematical functions and to find among them the best-fitting function. Next, to test whether the chosen function is universally applicable or if there are diverse population-specific functions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirteen ethnic samples from various regions of Europe and Asia, assigned into five ethnic-geographic groups, were examined. The total sample included 2430 males and 2515 females. Compact @entity79 of hand phalanges was measured by photodensitometry from plain radiographs of each individual studied. Statistical software was developed for the purposes of the present study; this software gave a maximum likelihood of the parameter estimates for various statistical models (functions). RESULTS: In all samples of sufficient size and representative age range, a two-interval function was found as the best fitting and most parsimonious model to describe the @entity79 age-related changes. This two-interval function was characterized by age-related bone mass increase, positive slope beta(1s) in young age or a plateau (beta(1s) = 0, i.e. no age-related changes) until a sex-specific age threshold, T(0), after which annual @entity604 ensued with a slope coefficient beta(2s). Threshold of @entity604 in @entity1 of different ethnic groups ranged between 37.85 and 47.77 years, and roughly coincided with perimenopausal age. In males, the age T(0) varied between 27.85 and 49.07 years. The ensuing cortical @entity604 appeared to be linear in both sexes, averaging between 0.51% and 1.15% in @entity1 and between 0.74% and 1.77% per year of young age @entity79 value in females. CONCLUSIONS: The change of phalangeal @entity79 with age may be best described by a two-interval function, regardless of sex and ethnic background. However, specific parameter estimates depend both on gender and ethnic affiliation. This study has yielded a well-fitted model of @entity79 on age suitable for further use in population studies.

title: Modelling of age-related XXXX using cross-sectional data.

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['BMD dependence', 'bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss', 'BMD loss']

answer: @entity604 :: (MESH:D016301,Disease) :: ['bone loss']


abstract: The postnatal development of intestinal @entity6741 transport in the @entity35 was examined using the villus technique. Jejunal uptake of @entity7362 was linear with respect to incubation concentration at all study ages. Ileal uptake was linear with @entity7362 concentration during the first 2 postnatal weeks; a curvilinear relationship indicating the presence of saturable transport appeared during the third week. With the appearance of ileal active transport at age 3 weeks, the Km (app) was constant at 0.49 mM, 0.59 mM, and 0.50 mM in 3-week, 4-week, and adult animals, respectively. The V(app) was 14.65 nmol X mg-1 (dry wt) X min-1 at 3 weeks and declined with age to 11.40 and 10.51 nmol X mg-1 (dry wt) X min-1 in 4-week and adult animals, respectively. The role of physico-chemical changes in the microvillus membrane in the development of ileal active transport was examined. With increasing postnatal age, microvillus membrane @entity165 content rose while the phospholipid content remained unchanged in both ileum and jejunum. Corresponding rises in the @entity165 /phospholipid ratio were observed in both sites. Simultaneously, the microvillus membrane @entity844 composition was changing from predominantly saturated to unsaturated species in both ileum and jejunum. The microvillus membrane fluorescence anisotropy (r) increased with postnatal age in jejunum when measured at 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C and ileum when measured at 25 degrees C; however, no change was noted in ileum when measured at 37 degrees C. Ileal active @entity6741 transport develops during the third postnatal week, and is associated with concurrent changes in membrane lipid composition and fluidity when measured at 25 degrees C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Postnatal development of intestinal XXXX transport. Relationship to membrane physico-chemical changes.

entities_list: @entity7362 :: ('MESH:D013656', 'Chemical') :: ['taurocholate']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salt']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6741 :: (CHEBI:3098,Chemical) :: ['bile salt']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: There is controversy about whether 3- or 6-month molecular assessment predicts progression-free and overall survival in those with @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ). The factors predicting molecular response at 3, 6, and 12 months have not been studied extensively. The study objective was to study the factors affecting molecular response at 3 and 6 months in @entity1 with @entity1860 who are receiving @entity2213 mesylate. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity1860 who were receiving @entity2213 as the initial therapy for @entity1860 . The diagnosis of @entity1860 was based on clinical examination, bone marrow, and demonstration of @entity1861 (IS) transcripts by polymerase chain reaction. The molecular response(IS) was assessed at 3, 6, and 12 months by GeneXpert (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA) and co-related with various baseline characteristics of @entity1 . We also looked at whether early achievement of a complete hematologic response within 6 weeks predicts molecular response at 3 or 6 months. The study took place at a tertiary care hospital in Northwest India catering to @entity1 belonging to low-middle socioeconomic status. RESULTS: We enrolled 131 @entity1 with @entity1860 in the chronic phase from July 1, 2013, to August 31, 2014. The median age of the @entity1 was 40 years (range, 13-67) with a male preponderance (61% were male). Most @entity1 presented with symptoms of low-grade fever (52.7%) and abdominal fullness (26.7%). Spleen was palpable in 84.7% of @entity1 . The median hemoglobin at presentation was 10.8 g/dL (range, 4.8-18.4 g/dL), white cell count was 138.3  * 10(9)/L (4.1-697  * 10(9)/L), and platelet count was 326  * 10(9)/L (85-1819  * 10(9)/L). The median number of peripheral blood basophils was 3% (range, 0%-20%), and blasts were 3% (range, 0%-10%). @entity4018 of more than grade 1 was present in 30% of @entity1 . Most @entity1 belonged to intermediate Sokal (45.8%) and Hasford (55%) scores and low EUropean Treatment Outcome Study (78.6%) score. Of 128 evaluable @entity1 at 3 months, 96.9% achieved @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) and 82.3% achieved @entity1861 (IS) of less than 10%. None of the @entity1 who had @entity1861 (IS) > 10% at 3 months achieved @entity1861 (IS)  < 1% at 6 months or  < 0.1% at 12 months. Early achievement of @entity1503 (<  6  weeks), peripheral blood blast count of  < 5%, and @entity880 dehydrogenase  < 851 U/L were significantly associated with achievement of @entity1861 (IS)  < 10% at 3 months and @entity1861 (IS)  < 1% at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: We found that @entity1861 (IS) assessment at 3 months is superior to assessment at 6 months. @entity1 with @entity1860 in the chronic phase who achieve @entity1503 within 6 weeks are more likely to achieve @entity1861 (IS)  < 10% at 3 months and  < 1% at 6 months than @entity1 who achieve @entity1503 between 7 and 12 weeks.

title: Factors Affecting Early Molecular Response in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['complete hematologic remission', 'CHR']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['Myelofibrosis']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib', 'imatinib mesylate']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['Chronic Myeloid Leukemia']


abstract: The purpose of this review is to summarize the results of reports of injectable agents for the treatment of female urinary stress @entity322 . Five agents were reviewed: collagen, Teflon, autologous fat, @entity1346 microparticles, and @entity1346 microballoons. Collagen was the most frequently reported agent and yielded short-term cure and improved rates of 74%-100%. This deteriorated to approximately 57% with longer term follow-up. Teflon has similarly lower longer term than short-term success rates, at 33%-76%. The reported local complications and the potential for particle migration have resulted in its lack of widespread acceptance. Autologous fat has yielded the lowest success rate. Longer term success in a small number of @entity1346 microparticle articles was similar to the other injectables at approximately 60%. Early success with @entity1346 microballoons was 70%. The technique is generally free of major morbidity. The indication for injectables is @entity1690 but @entity8018 is not a contraindication. Long-term durability, cost effectiveness, and some safety issues still have to be addressed by further clinical trials.

title: Current status of injectable agents for female stress urinary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic sphincter deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity8018 :: ('MESH:C536196', 'Disease') :: ['hypermobility']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whereas focal and diffuse @entity75 on conventional MRI is seen in @entity1 with @entity12319 ( @entity12319 ), the spinal cord seems to be rarely involved. Diffusion tensor (DT) MRI provides information on the patterns of tissue disruption of the central nervous system, which may go undetected by conventional MRI. OBJECTIVE: To quantify the extent of otherwise "occult" injury of the cervical cord in @entity12319 , and to improve our understanding of its nature. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Conventional and DT MRI scans of the cervical cord and brain were acquired from 11 @entity1 with @entity12319 and 10 healthy controls. Histograms of @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) and fractional anisotropy (FA) of the cervical cord and brain were analysed. Measures of cervical cord and @entity1010 and focal lesion loads were computed. RESULTS: Only one @entity1 had a single focal lesion of the cord whereas all had multiple @entity75 on conventional MRI scans. Cord and brain volumes did not differ between @entity1 and controls. Mean peak height of the cervical cord @entity1893 histogram (p = 0.0001) and average brain FA (p = 0.001) were significantly lower in @entity1 than in controls. Average cord @entity1893 was correlated with average brain @entity1893 (r = 0.69, p = 0.01) and FA (r = -0.81, p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: DT MRI shows mild and otherwise "occult" @entity602 in @entity12319 , which might be secondary to @entity2537 passing trough damaged areas of the brain.

title: Assessing "occult" cervical @entity602 in @entity1 with XXXX using diffusion tensor MRI.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions', 'brain damage']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['cord damage']

entities_list: @entity2537 :: ('MESH:D020966', 'Disease') :: ['Wallerian degeneration of long tract fibres']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'mean diffusivity']

entities_list: @entity12319 :: ('MESH:D020945', 'Disease') :: ['NSLE', 'neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus']

answer: @entity12319 :: (MESH:D020945,Disease) :: ['neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: Individuals are regularly documented to consistently differ in their behavioural types (BTs). For example, some individuals are bold whereas others are shy. Within the @entity1 personality literature, the big five personality dimensions are commonly documented to be sex-specific with @entity251 suggested to underpin traits such as @entity146 . In non- @entity1 animals recent research suggests sex-specific BT expression may be influenced by ecology, mating system and sexual selection. While most research on sex-specific personality has focused on dioecious species, we explore sex differences in BT expression in a sequential hermaphrodite the mangrove @entity22159 . We replicate within 7 isogenic genotypes and investigate sex differences (hermaphrodite and secondary male) in three BTs (exploration, boldness and @entity146 ). This approach allows us to investigate sex differences in BT expression whilst controlling for genetic variation. In this study we find that both secondary males and hermaphrodites are repeatable at the individual level yet there was no difference between the sexes in average BT scores. Furthermore, @entity146 scores differed between genotypes, and were repeatable at the genotype level, suggesting strong genetic control. Finally, male boldness was significantly more repeatable than hermaphrodites potentially supporting recent proposals relating to sexual selection. We document a behavioural syndrome in male fish with bolder individuals being more aggressive, this behavioural syndrome was not observed however in hermaphrodites. In contrast to a previous developmental study in this species exploration did not correlate with either @entity146 or boldness in either males or hermaphrodites.

title: Sequential hermaphroditism and personality in a clonal vertebrate: the mangrove XXXX .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression', 'aggressiveness']

answer: @entity22159 :: (8078,Species) :: ['killifish']


abstract: The clinical picture of an acute abdomen is frequently encountered in emergency medicine. In most cases abdominal pathologies underlie this condition, however, also extra-abdominal diseases may present or cause an acute abdomen. The fact that this condition is potentially life-threatening highlights the importance of instant action. Here, we report on the case of a young @entity1 that presented with an acute abdomen in our clinic. Imaging revealed a massively distended @entity1819 reaching the lesser pelvis. Initially, the etiology for the @entity6676 remained unsolved. On the same day we performed an explorative laparotomy in which massive amounts of clotted, undigested food was recovered via a gastrotomy. Postoperatively, upon @entity146 consultation, an @entity1277 with daily eating binges could be revealed as being the cause for the acute and dramatic @entity6676 . The @entity1 fully recovered from surgery and @entity146 co-treatment was initiated. This unique case report demonstrates how a @entity146 condition may lead to an acute abdomen, however, it also emphasizes the importance of prompt diagnosis and adequate therapy to avoid complications and allowing for full recovery.

title: Massive XXXX caused by eating binges demanding surgical intervention: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorder']

entities_list: @entity6676 :: ('MESH:D013271', 'Disease') :: ['gastric dilatation']

answer: @entity6676 :: (MESH:D013271,Disease) :: ['gastric dilatation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tendon @entity397 are common musculoskeletal injuries all around the world. Correct and timely diagnosis of @entity1796 is obviously important for improving the treatment and minimizing the community costs. Ultrasound is now being considered as one of useful modalities in this area. OBJECTIVE: The preset study is going to validate the diagnostic ability of ultrasound in @entity1796 induced by penetrating extremity @entity130 . METHODS: In this prospective, observational study, @entity1 with penetrating extremity @entity130 and suspicion of @entity1796 were enrolled in our study. A team of emergency medicine (EM) residents performed ultrasound examination in these cases after attending the specific workshop and acquiring necessary skills in normal and abnormal tendon ultrasound examination. Then another team of either EM or orthopedic residents explored @entity1 ' wounds and determined intact or injured tendons under direct visual observation. The results were analyzed to validate sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound as an alternative diagnostic test. RESULTS: Seventy-one @entity1 were enrolled in our study and 11 @entity1 were excluded during one year in 2014. Sixty @entity1 , 11 with lower extremity and 49 with @entity3140 were evaluated, among them 32 @entity1 had extensor zone and 28 @entity1 had flexure zone injuries. The overall sensitivity and specificity were calculated 94.4% (95% CI 72.7-99.8%) and 100% (95% 91.5-100.0%) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our results were similar to previous findings. Ultrasound can effectively differentiate injured from intact tendons in penetrating extremity @entity130 .

title: Validity of ultrasound in diagnosis of XXXX in penetrating extremity @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['upper limb injuries']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptures']

entities_list: @entity1796 :: ('MESH:D013708', 'Disease') :: ['tendon injuries']

answer: @entity1796 :: (MESH:D013708,Disease) :: ['tendon injuries']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4297 are the most common @entity4670 . @entity4297 occur with a frequency of 3-12/1000 births. A special group is constituted by @entity1 with @entity1699 because their treatment is extremely complex, requiring three-stage surgery and the involvement of various specialists. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analysed 100 @entity1 with @entity4297 in the form of @entity1699 ( @entity1699 ). They were compared with a control group of 100 newborns without structural @entity299 . The @entity1 's parents were asked to fill out a questionnaire consisting of 10 simple questions. It had been constructed in consultation with a psychologist in order not to offend the feelings of the parents affected by the illness of their offspring. RESULTS: @entity4297 were present in the family medical histories of 16 @entity1699 @entity1 and 11 healthy @entity1 (p = 0.4). @entity74 were present in the family medical histories of 13 @entity1699 @entity1 and 15 healthy @entity1 (p = 0.73). In the @entity1699 group, the mothers smoked cigarettes or were exposed to @entity286 smoke in 32% of cases; in the control group, this proportion amounted to 23% (p = 0.76). CONCLUSIONS: The study found no relationship between the occurrence of @entity1699 in @entity1 and the parents' age, the presence of @entity74 , or @entity299 in the family medical histories.

title: The impact of environmental factors on the occurrence of @entity299 in the form of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity4670 :: ('MESH:D009358', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in neonatal age']

entities_list: @entity1699 :: ('MESH:D018636', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome', 'HLHS']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorders', 'Genetic disorders']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart defects']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital heart defects', 'congenital heart defects']

answer: @entity1699 :: (MESH:D018636,Disease) :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for leukocyte differentiation molecules (LDMs) were developed during the past few decades to expand reagents for research in ruminants, @entity1707 , and @entity1641 . The specificity of some of the mAb-defined molecules was determined through participation in international workshops. Other molecules identified with mAbs during this time, and more recently with mAbs developed after the workshops, have remained partially characterized. Efforts are now underway to characterize the specificity of these mAbs. As reported here, flow cytometry (FC) was used to screen two sets of hybridomas to determine how many of the hybridomas produce mAbs that detect molecules with up-regulated expression on activated lymphocytes or NK cells. Thirty four hybridomas were identified. Comparison of the patterns of reactivity of the mAbs showed some of the mAbs formed clusters that recognize 5 different molecules. FC showed one cluster recognized @entity39101 . Use of mass spectrometry showed 4 clusters recognized orthologues of @entity25217 , CD50, gp96 and @entity68301 ( @entity68301 ). Verification and documentation that @entity25217 , CD50, and @entity68301 were only up-regulated on activated cells was obtained with PBMC from @entity291 vaccinated with a @entity3069 @entity3068 mutant, Map-relA. @entity25217 and CD50 were up-regulated on NK cells, @entity9214 and CD8 T cells and y   T cells. @entity68301 was only up-regulated on @entity9214 , CD8, and y   T cells. gp96 was detected on granulocytes, monocytes and activated NK cells. Detection was attributable to the binding of gp96 to its receptor CD91.

title: Characterization and expression of monoclonal antibody-defined molecules on resting and activated XXXX ab, y   T and NK cells.

entities_list: @entity68301 :: ('507627(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 9', 'SLAMF9']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium avium']

entities_list: @entity3068 :: ('MESH:D010283', 'Disease') :: ['paratuberculosis']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In primary health care systems where member's turnover is relatively low, the question, whether investment in quality of care improvement can make a business case, or is cost effective, has not been fully answered.The objectives of this study were: (1) to investigate the relationship between improvement in selected measures of @entity6 (type 2) care and @entity1 ' health outcomes; and (2) to estimate the association between improvement in performance and direct medical costs. METHODS: A time series study with three quality indicators - Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) testing, HbA1C and LDL- @entity165 (LDL-C) control - which were analyzed in @entity1 with @entity6 , insured by a large health fund. Health outcomes measures used: hospitalization days, @entity341 ( @entity341 ) visits and mortality. Poisson, GEE and Cox regression models were employed. Covariates: age, gender and socio-economic rank. RESULTS: 96,553 adult (age >18) @entity1 with @entity6 were analyzed. The performance of the study indicators, significantly and steadily improved during the study period (2003-2009). Poor HbA1C (>9%) and inappropriate LDL-C control (>100  mg/dl) were significantly associated with number of hospitalization days. @entity341 visits did not achieve statistical significance. Improvement in HbA1C control was associated with an annual average of 2% reduction in hospitalization days, leading to substantial reduction in tertiary costs. The Hazard ratio for mortality, associated with poor HbA1C and LDL-C, control was 1.78 and 1.17, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates the effect of continuous improvement in quality care indicators, on health outcomes and resource utilization, among @entity1 with @entity6 . These findings support the business case for quality, especially in healthcare systems with relatively low enrollee turnover, where providers, in the long term, could "harvest" their investments in improving quality.

title: The association between improved quality @entity6 indicators, health outcomes and costs: towards constructing a "business case" for quality of XXXX care - a time series study.

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'Emergency Department']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was designed to evaluate the comparison of insertion of levonorgestrel (LNG)-releasing intrauterine system versus oral @entity11796 on @entity1869 in a randomized controlled trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60 @entity1 with the initial histopathological diagnosis of @entity1869 in two groups received LNG or @entity7839 (10 mg/d orally) for 12 days a month for 3 months). Endometrial biopsy was obtained for all @entity1 after 3 months of treatment. Response to treatment was defined based on the histopathology of the post treatment pipelle endometrial specimens in three categories of resolution, persistence and progression. RESULTS: Treatment response rate in @entity1 in the LNG group was 89.3% (25 of 28 @entity1 ), versus 70.4% (19 of 27 @entity1 ) in @entity1 in the @entity7839 group. The rate of persistence was 10.7% (3 of 28 @entity1 ) and 22.2% (6 of 27 @entity1 ) in LNG and @entity7839 groups respectively. No progression of @entity1869 observed in any of the @entity1 in LNG group, but progression of @entity1869 was observed in 7.4% (2 of 27 @entity1 ) in the @entity7839 group. There was no statistically significant difference between groups regarding the response to treatment (P = 0.15). Side effects such as bloating, @entity1017 , @entity1295 and hair loss were comparable between the groups (P > 0.05). Hirsutism was significantly more in the @entity7839 group than LNG group (P = 0.013). CONCLUSION: Results showed that the use of LNG for treating @entity1869 for 3 months was associated with high-treatment response rate and the low proportion of @entity1 with progression compared to the use of @entity7839 .

title: Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (Mirena) in compare to @entity11796 as a therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity11796 :: ('MESH:D017258', 'Chemical') :: ['medroxyprogesterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity7839 :: ('MESH:D008525', 'Chemical') :: ['medroxyprogesterone']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial hyperplasia']

answer: @entity1869 :: (MESH:D004714,Disease) :: ['endometrial hyperplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and efficacy of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS) in controlling @entity548 from esophageal varices in @entity1 awaiting liver transplantation. DESIGN: Prospective, uncontrolled trial. SETTING: University medical center with an active liver transplant program. @entity1 : Thirteen @entity1 referred for liver transplantation with either active @entity548 or recurrent @entity548 despite sclerotherapy; four @entity1 had been previously treated with surgical portosystemic shunts. INTERVENTION: An intrahepatic portosystemic shunt created via a transjugular approach to the hepatic veins using expandable, flexible metallic stents. MEASUREMENTS: Portal pressures before and after the creation of the shunt, the direction of portal blood flow at differing diameters of the shunts, procedure-related complications, and outcome in terms of survival, liver transplantation, and recurrent @entity548 . MAIN RESULTS: The transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt was placed successfully in 13 @entity1 , and @entity548 was controlled acutely in all 13. After the procedure, the mean portal pressure decreased from 34 +/- 8.9 cm @entity2507 to 22.4 +/- 5.4 cm @entity2507 (P less than 0.001). No complications were associated with the procedure; however, two @entity1 died of causes unrelated to the procedure. Seven @entity1 subsequently underwent liver transplantation and are doing well, and three @entity1 are being managed conservatively. Bleeding recurred in one @entity1 102 days after the procedure secondary to @entity432 caused by neointimal proliferation. CONCLUSION: Placement of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt is apparently safe and effective therapy for @entity548 in @entity1 referred for liver transplantation.

title: Using transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts to control XXXX before liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['shunt occlusion']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['variceal hemorrhage', 'variceal bleeding', 'bleeding']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['variceal bleeding']


abstract: The objective of this study was to assess and compare the chromosome abnormalities present in sporadic and primary sclerosing @entity991 ( @entity201 ) and @entity253 . Histologic sections from 22 @entity1 with CCA (16 sporadic and 6 @entity991 associated), 5 of whom had associated @entity1141 , and 2 @entity991 @entity1 with @entity253 alone were assessed for chromosomal alterations with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). FISH involved the use of a multiprobe set consisting of centromere-specific probes for chromosomes 3, 7, and 17 and a locus-specific probe for 9p21. The number of signals for each of these probes was enumerated in 50 nonoverlapping interphase nuclei, and the percentage of nuclei containing 0, 1, 2, and 3 or more signals was recorded for each probe. @entity986 expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Gain of at least 1 chromosome was identified in 19 of 22 (86%) invasive @entity5 and in 4 of 7 (57%) @entity253 . Gain of 2 or more chromosomes (polysomy) was observed in 17 of 22 (77%) invasive @entity5 and in 3 of 7 (43%) @entity253 . Homozygous loss of 9p21 was identified in 11 of 22 (50%) invasive @entity5 and in 3 of 7 (43%) @entity253 . The patterns of chromosomal abnormalities detected by FISH in @entity991 -associated and sporadic @entity201 were similar. Nine of 13 (69%) invasive @entity5 and 2 of 5 (40%) @entity253 with complete loss of @entity986 expression by immunohistochemistry showed allelic loss of 9p21 by FISH. Polysomy and homozygous 9p21 deletion are common in both sporadic and @entity991 -associated @entity201 and are frequently detectable in @entity991 -associated @entity253 .

title: An assessment of chromosomal alterations detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization and @entity986 expression in sporadic and @entity991 -associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['PSC', 'cholangitis (PSC)-associated cholangiocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary dysplasias', 'biliary dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['cholangiocarcinomas']


abstract: AIM: To determine @entity1593 ( @entity1593 ) prevalence and associated manifestations or risk factors in healthy adult Emiratis. METHODS: It is a cross-sectional prospective study, recruiting 1197 (573 @entity1 and 624 @entity1 ) healthy Emiratis between September 2007 and April 2008 among those who went to Al Ain Hospital to undertake the prenuptial examination. Test for anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTG) IgA antibodies was used for @entity1593 diagnosis. Subjects with positive results in the anti tTG antibodies assay were also tested for anti-endomysial (EMA) IgA antibodies. A structured interview was used to collect basic demographic and clinical recall data including: information on name, contact address, age, gender, education status, previous diagnosis of @entity1593 , diagnosis of @entity1593 in 1(st) degree relatives and history of "chronic @entity294 , @entity417 , @entity10 , @entity99 , @entity6 , @entity5 , and @entity1374 ". RESULTS: Fourteen blood samples (1.17%; 14/1197) were seropositive for @entity1593 . The latent @entity1593 seropositive @entity1 were 13 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 and therefore the seroprevalence of @entity1593 was 1:86 (14/1197) for adult Emiratis: 1:44 (13/573) for @entity1 and 1:624 for @entity1 . Binary logistic regression revealed that history of @entity417 (crude OR = 7.09; 95%CI: 2.32-21.61; P = 0.003) and being a @entity1 (OR = 14.46; 95%CI: 1.89-110.91; P = 0.001) were associated with @entity1593 seropositivity. Whereas, the @entity1374 showed a positive association with @entity1593 seropositivity that approach statistical significance (OR = 11.30; 95%CI: 1.32-96.95; P = 0.09) and therefore was included in the multiple logistic regression analysis, which showed that @entity1593 seropositivity is independently associated only with history of @entity417 (OR = 4.58; 95%CI: 1.45-14.48; P = 0.01) and being a @entity1 @entity1 (OR = 10.47; 95%CI: 1.33-82.14; P = 0.026). CONCLUSION: Compared to @entity1 the @entity1593 seroprevalence among @entity1 was remarkably higher. The @entity1593 association with @entity1 and @entity417 is of importance from a public health perspective.

title: Seroprevalence of XXXX among United Arab Emirates healthy adult nationals: a gender disparity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'man', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['chronic anemia', 'anemia']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease', 'CD']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disorder']

answer: @entity1593 :: (MESH:D002446,Disease) :: ['celiac disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the anatomopathologic characteristics of @entity46 infiltrating the bladder detrusor. DESIGN: Descriptive anatomopathologic study. SETTING: Tertiary care center for @entity46 . @entity1 (S): Four @entity1 , aged 22-38 years, who underwent laparotomy for @entity1494 . INTERVENTION(S): Surgical excision and pathologic analysis of bladder endometriotic nodules in four @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Gross and microscopic characteristics of endometriotic nodules. RESULT(S): A nodule of @entity1870 on the anterior wall of the uterus, in continuity with the detrusor lesion, was excised in three @entity1 . In the other @entity1 , @entity1494 was continuous with a nodule that infiltrated the left parametrium and extended as far as the posterior leaf of the ipsilateral broad ligament. Microscopically, all of the lesions had a similar histologic pattern: foci of @entity46 scattered in the bladder wall. The main feature was the paucity of @entity1478 , particularly in the bladder submucosa, where glands were almost always dilated and cystlike and were lined by flattened cells. CONCLUSION(S): Analysis of our @entity1 , although it does not pinpoint the pathogenesis of the disease, seems to exclude the hypothesized intraperitoneal origin of endometriotic lesions of the bladder detrusor.

title: @entity1494 : deep infiltrating @entity46 or XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity1870 :: ('MESH:D062788', 'Disease') :: ['adenomyosis']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial-type stroma']

answer: @entity1870 :: (MESH:D062788,Disease) :: ['adenomyosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity364 is a major cause of @entity1939 . To understand the mechanism of both innate and adaptive immunity in @entity281 is of great significance in the treatment and prevention of @entity364 . Our previous study concerned innate immunity. Here, we explored the potential role of @entity24373 in adaptive immunity of @entity364 . METHODS: @entity1 corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) were stimulated with @entity54 hyphae (10(6) pieces/ml) with or without @entity24373 siRNA, and Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were cultured with or without @entity24373 . HCECs and PBMCs were co-cultured in a transwell system for various periods. Then we collected PBMCs and detected the proliferation and activation as well as T helper type 2 (Th2) differentiation by flow cytometry and quantitative RT-PCR. IgG and IgA levels in supernatants of PBMCs were measured by means of ELISA. RESULTS: @entity24373 could induce a Th2 response in vitro, and the expression of @entity24373 was highly increased in HCECs stimulated with A. fumigatus hyphae. @entity54 -infected HCECs were capable of promoting @entity1 lymphocyte proliferation, and activating @entity1 @entity404 (+) T cells, @entity405 (+) T cells, and B cells by up-regulating expression of activation marker @entity7986 . Importantly, Th2 differentiation of @entity404 (+) T cells was induced during co-culture with A. fumigatus-infected HCECs in a transwell system. Intersetingly, blockade of @entity24373 using siRNA prevented the proliferation and activation of lymphocytes as well as Th2 differentiation. We also detected an increased IgG level that was associated with @entity24373 . CONCLUSION: These findings suggested that HCEC-derived @entity24373 has a key role in adaptive immune responses of @entity364 via skewing Th2 differentiation and promoting humoral immunity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: @entity54 promotes T helper type 2 responses through thymic stromal lymphopoietin production by XXXX corneal epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['corneal infection']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['Fungal keratitis', 'fungal keratitis']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preoperative @entity148 is usually experienced by @entity1 awaiting surgical procedures and it can negatively impact @entity1 's outcome. The Amsterdam Preoperative @entity148 and Information Scale (APAIS) is a questionnaire created to identify anxious @entity1 and their need for information: it has been translated and validated in many languages because of its reliability and ease of completion. To date, no Italian version of the APAIS has been produced; our aim was to translate and validate the APAIS in Italian. METHODS: We produced an Italian version of the APAIS and we administered it to 110 @entity1 undergoing elective surgery; we explored its structure by factor analysis and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha. We analyzed its external validity by confronting it to the Spielberg's State-Trait @entity148 Inventory (STAI). Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of Italian version of the APAIS were determined. RESULTS: Italian version of the APAIS confirmed the original structure of the questionnaire and its internal consistency; it well correlated with the STAI-Y1, the subscale of the STAI which explore the @entity148 "state". An APAIS score of 14 was found as best cutoff to distinguish anxious and non-anxious @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Italian translation of the APAIS showed psychometric properties similar to the original version. Its reliability and its efficiency make it a powerful tool even in Italian population to detect @entity148 and need for information.

title: Italian validation of the Amsterdam Preoperative XXXX and Information Scale (APAIS).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'Anxiety']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['Anxiety']


abstract: The Tec1 and Tec2 transposons of the ciliate Euplotes crassus carry a gene for a @entity669 -type site-specific recombinase. The expression of the Tec2 gene apparently uses a programmed +1 frameshift. To test this hypothesis, we first examined whether this gene has evolved under purifying selection in Tec1 and Tec2. Each element carries three genes, and each has evolved under purifying selection for the function of its encoded protein, as evidenced by a dearth of nonsynonymous changes. This distortion of divergence is apparent in codons both 5' and 3' of the frameshift site. Thus, Tec2 transposons have diverged from each other while using a programmed +1 frameshift to produce recombinase, the function of which is under purifying selection. What might this function be? @entity669 -type site-specific recombinases are extremely rare in eukaryotes, and @entity10093 elements are the first known eukaryotic type II transposons to encode a site-specific recombinase. @entity10093 elements also encode a widespread transposase. The @entity10093 recombinase might function in transposition, resolve products of transposition (bacterial replicative transposons use recombinase or resolvase to separate joined replicons), or provide a function that benefits the ciliate host. Transposons in ciliated protozoa are removed from the macronucleus, and it has been proposed that the transposons provide this "excisase" activity.

title: Selection on the genes of Euplotes crassus Tec1 and Tec2 transposons: evolutionary appearance of a programmed frameshift in a Tec2 gene encoding a XXXX family site-specific recombinase.

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine', 'Tyrosine']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: Carotenoids, @entity1501 and @entity620 may contribute to the observed beneficial effects of increased vegetable intake. Currently, knowledge on the bioavailability of these compounds from vegetables is limited. We compared the efficacy of different vegetables, at the same level of intake (i.e. 300 g/d), in increasing plasma levels of carotenoids, @entity1501 and @entity620 and we investigated if disruption of the vegetable matrix would enhance the bioavailability of these micronutrients. In an @entity616 , sixty-nine volunteers consumed a control meal without vegetables and three out of four vegetable meals (i.e. broccoli, green @entity3587 , whole leaf @entity2772 , chopped @entity2772 ; containing between 1.7 and 24.6 mg @entity2066 , 3.8 and 26 mg @entity8665 , 0.22 and 0.60 mg @entity1501 and 26 and 93 mg @entity620 ) or a meal supplemented with synthetic @entity2066 (33.3 mg). Meals were consumed for 4 d and fasting blood samples were taken at the end of each period. Consumption of the @entity2772 -supplemented meal did not affect plasma levels of @entity2066 , although the @entity2066 content was 10-fold those of broccoli and green @entity3587 , which induced significant increases in plasma @entity2066 levels (28 (95% CI 6.4, 55)% and 26 (95% CI 2.6, 54)% respectively). The @entity2066 -supplemented meal increased plasma concentrations of @entity2066 effectively (517 (95% CI 409, 648)%). All vegetable meals increased the plasma concentrations of @entity8665 and @entity620 significantly. Broccoli and green @entity3587 were, when expressed per mg carotenoid consumed, also more effective sources of @entity8665 than @entity2772 . A significant increase in plasma @entity1501 concentration was found only after consumption of the @entity2772 -supplemented meal, which provided the highest level of @entity1501 . Disruption of the @entity2772 matrix increased the plasma responses to both @entity8665 (14 (95% CI 3.7, 25)%) and @entity1501 (10 (95% CI 2.2, 18)%), whereas it did not affect the response to @entity2066 . We conclude that the bioavailabilities of @entity2066 and @entity8665 vary substantially among different vegetables and that the bioavailabilities of @entity8665 and @entity1501 from @entity2772 can be improved by disruption of the vegetable matrix.

title: Influence of feeding different vegetables on plasma levels of carotenoids, @entity1501 and XXXX . Effect of disruption of the vegetable matrix.

entities_list: @entity2066 :: ('MESH:D019207', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-carotene']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete block design']

answer: @entity620 :: (MESH:D001205,Chemical) :: ['vitamin C']


abstract: As an adjuvant to chemotherapy @entity221 has proven to be successful as a treatment for osteo- and @entity511 @entity1 . The aim of this study was to investigate whether @entity221 could increase cellular expression of heat-shock-protein 72 in @entity1 osteo- and @entity511 cells and how heat treatment would affect their susceptibility to natural killer cell (NK-cell)-mediated lysis. About 5-10% of the peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PBMC) in the @entity1 peripheral blood are natural killer cells (NK-cells). Natural @entity137 , mediated by NK-cells, is believed to play an important role in host defense against @entity5 . The exact mechanisms of recognition of target cells and subsequent NK-cell activation are not yet known. NK-cells, isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy donors, were enriched by magnetic cell-separation to a purity of 85-97%, assessed by FACS-analysis. The susceptibility of heat-treated (42.5 degrees C, 90 minutes) and @entity421 (MG63) and @entity511 (HTB94) cell lines to NK-killing was determined by a release assay of @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH). Lysis by NK-cells was increased by heat treatment of the target cells from 16.6% + 4.5% to 33% + 15%, p=0.035, for @entity421 cells, (E/T ratio of 5:1) and from 13.7% + 3.1% to 27.9% + 16.9%, p=0.021, (E/T ratio of @entity19 ) for @entity511 cells. An increased expression of @entity1878 of chondro- and @entity421 cells after heat treatment was detected by the Western blot technique. The results of this study show that @entity221 increases @entity1878 expression in osteo- and @entity511 cells and their susceptibility to NK-cell-mediated lysis. These findings may lead to new therapeutic strategies, using @entity221 to improve immunological defense against chondro- and @entity421 cells.

title: XXXX increases the susceptibility of chondro- and @entity421 cells to natural killer cell-mediated lysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['untreated osteosarcoma', 'osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['Hyperthermia']


abstract: @entity1494 in the renal transplant recipient is an infrequent occurrence. The 11 previously reported cases reflect an aggressive @entity5 growth with invasion, requiring partial or complete cystectomy with or without conduit diversion. We report an additional case in a 40-yr-old @entity1 with a living related renal transplant, who experienced rapid progression of her @entity5 over 3 wk from initial @entity811 to a pelvic mass involving the anterior bladder. Her allograft ureter and native ureters, as well as her left iliac vein, became obstructed with @entity5 in another 2 wk. Biopsy showed poorly differentiated, invasive @entity189 . Attempted resection was abandoned because of finding @entity5 involvement in most of the pelvis. Chemotherapy was not attempted. She died 2 wk after her attempted resection from @entity5 burden. Our report presents a collective review of these previously reported 11 cases plus our case. These @entity150 demonstrate a rapid progression of invasive disease and respond poorly to chemotherapy. There is a possible association of @entity150 with @entity786 immunosuppression. An aggressive surgical approach should be followed, especially since these @entity5 present in a younger age group.

title: XXXX in renal transplant @entity1 . A case report and collective review of cases.

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['Bladder malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['transitional carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumors']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['Carcinoma of the bladder']


abstract: The Tenuivirus @entity2829 stripe virus (MStV) shares many properties with viruses in the genus Phlebovirus of the family Bunyaviridae. Besides genome organization and gene expression strategies, one property shared by these plant- and vertebrate-infecting viruses is that transcription gives rise to virus-specific mRNAs containing nonviral 5'-terminal @entity377 sequences. The 5'-terminal @entity2036 are believed to be derived from host mRNA sequences as a result of "cap-snatching." We investigated whether specific @entity377 sequences could serve as primer donors for cap-snatching in vivo. @entity2247 ( @entity2247 ) plants were singly and doubly infected with MStV and the Hordeivirus @entity18084 ). A reverse transcription-PCR assay was used to identify chimeric @entity18084 /MStV RNAs. Specific reverse transcription-PCR products were detected from doubly infected plants by using one PCR primer corresponding to the 5' termini of the @entity18084 RNAs (alpha, beta, and gamma) and a second primer complementary to MStV RNA 4. The resulting cDNAs were cloned, and @entity377 sequence analysis showed them to be chimeric, containing @entity18084 5'-terminal sequences as well as MStV RNA 4 sequences. All clones contained the @entity18084 RNA 5' primer @entity377 sequence, but they also showed characteristics common to Tenuivirus mRNAs. More than 80% of the clones contained @entity18084 RNA nucleotides not present on the PCR primer. Several lacked the exact 5' terminus of MStV RNA 4, a feature also seen for viruses in the Bunyaviridae. These data show that heterologous virus RNAs ( @entity18084 ) can serve as primer donors for MStV mRNA capped RNA-primed transcription in doubly infected plants.

title: In vivo transfer of XXXX stripe mosaic hordeivirus ribonucleotides to the 5' terminus of @entity2829 stripe tenuivirus RNAs.

entities_list: @entity2247 :: ('4513', 'Species') :: ['Barley', 'Hordeum vulgare']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity18084 :: ('12327', 'Species') :: ['BSMV', 'barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV']

answer: @entity2247 :: (4513,Species) :: ['barley']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Egg white proteins are usually subjected to heating, making them edible for the majority of @entity1 with egg @entity566 . OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate the underlying mechanisms responsible for the reduced allergenicity displayed by heat-treated egg white allergens. METHODS: C3H/HeJ @entity19 were orally sensitized with @entity10328 (OVA) or ovomucoid and challenged with native or heated proteins to evaluate their allergenicity. Immunoreactivity was assessed by immunoblotting using sera from @entity1 with egg @entity566 . In vitro gastrointestinal digestion of native and heated OVA and ovomucoid was studied by @entity214 -PAGE and liquid chromatography. Intestinal uptake of intact native and heated OVA and ovomucoid by @entity1 intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells was investigated. @entity35 basophil @entity1778 cells passively sensitized with mouse serum and @entity1 basophils passively sensitized with serum from @entity1 with egg @entity566 were used to assess the effector cell activation by heated, digested, and transported OVA and ovomucoid. RESULTS: Heated OVA and ovomucoid did not induce symptoms of @entity2021 in sensitized @entity19 when administered orally. Heating did not completely destroy IgE-binding capacity of OVA or ovomucoid but enhanced in vitro digestibility of OVA. Digestion of both OVA and ovomucoid diminished mediator release in @entity35 basophil @entity1778 assay and basophil activation. Heating of allergens prevented transport across @entity1 intestinal epithelial cells in a form capable of triggering basophil activation or T-cell activation. CONCLUSION: Heat treatment reduces allergenicity of OVA and ovomucoid. This is partially a result of the enhanced gastrointestinal digestibility of heated OVA and the inability of heated OVA or ovomucoid to be absorbed in a form capable of triggering basophils.

title: Mechanisms underlying differential food XXXX response to heated egg.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The impact of enteral nutrition on post-operative recurrence has not been properly examined. AIM: To investigate the impact of enteral nutrition using an elemental diet on clinical and endoscopic recurrence after resection for @entity30 . METHODS: Forty consecutive @entity1 who underwent resection for ileal or ileocolonic @entity30 were studied. After operation, 20 @entity1 continuously received enteral nutritional therapy (EN group), and 20 had neither nutritional therapy nor food restriction (non-EN group). In the EN group, enteral formula (Elental) was infused through a nasogastric tube in the night-time, and low fat foods were taken in the daytime. All @entity1 were followed up regularly for 1 year after operation. Ileocolonoscopy was performed at 6 and 12 months after operation. RESULTS: One @entity1 (5%) in the EN group and seven (35%) in the non-EN group developed clinical recurrence during 1-year follow-up (P = 0.048). Six months after operation, five @entity1 (25%) in the EN group and eight (40%) in the non-EN group developed endoscopic recurrence (P = 0.50). Twelve months after operation, endoscopic recurrence was observed in six @entity1 (30%) in the EN group and 14 (70%) in the non-EN group (P = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS: Our long-term enteral nutritional therapy significantly reduced clinical and endoscopic recurrence after resection for @entity30 .

title: Impact of long-term enteral nutrition on clinical and endoscopic recurrence after resection for XXXX : A prospective, non-randomized, parallel, controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: @entity1968 (RA) binds and activates @entity13351 ( @entity13351 )/ @entity1968 receptor ( @entity4879 ) heterodimers, which regulate the transcription of genes that have @entity1968 response elements (RARE). The @entity4879 isotypes (alpha, beta and gamma) are comprised of six regions designated A-F. Two isoforms of @entity69620 , have been identified in @entity1 , which have different A regions generated by differential promoter usage and alternative splicing. We have isolated two new splice variants of RARalpha1 from @entity1 B lymphocytes. In one of these variants, exon 2 is juxtaposed to exon 5, resulting in an altered reading frame and a stop codon. This variant, designated RARalpha1DeltaB, does not code for a functional receptor. In the second variant, exon 2 is juxtaposed to exon 6, maintaining the reading frame. This isoform, designated RARalpha1DeltaBC, retains most of the functional domains of RARalpha1, but omits the transactivation domain AF-1 and the DNA-binding domain. Consequently, it does not bind nor transactivate RARE on its own. Nevertheless, RARalpha1DeltaBC interacts with @entity13351 and, as an @entity13351 /RARalpha1DeltaBC heterodimer, transactivates the @entity3049 RARE upon all-trans-RA binding. The use of @entity4879 - and @entity13351 -specific ligands shows that, whereas transactivation of the @entity3049 RARE through the @entity13351 /RARalpha1 heterodimer is mediated only by @entity4879 ligands, transactivation through the @entity13351 /RARalpha1DeltaBC heterodimer is mediated by @entity4879 and @entity13351 ligands. Whilst RARalpha1 has a broad tissue distribution, RARalpha1DeltaBC has a more heterogeneous distribution, but with significant expression in myeloid cells. RARalpha1DeltaBC is an infrequent example of a functional nuclear receptor which deletes the DNA-binding domain.

title: XXXX receptor alpha1 variants, RARalpha1DeltaB and RARalpha1DeltaBC, define a new class of nuclear receptor isoforms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity13351 :: ('6256', 'Gene') :: ['retinoid X receptor', 'RXR', 'RXRalpha']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid', 'Retinoic acid']

answer: @entity1968 :: (MESH:D014212,Chemical) :: ['Retinoic acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Livestock workers are involved in a variety of tasks, such as caring for animals, maintaining the breeding facilities, cleaning, and @entity12168 , and are exposed to health and safety risks. @entity3957 is considered the most toxic by-product of the @entity12168 process at livestock facilities. Except for several reports in developed countries, the statistics and cause of @entity2063 incidents in farms have not been collected and reported systematically, although the number of these incidents is expected to increase in developing and underdeveloped countries. In this study we compiled the cases of work-related @entity2063 incidents at livestock manure storage facilities and analyzed the main causes. In this survey a total of 17 incidents were identified through newspapers or online searches and public reports. Thirty workers died and eight were injured due to work-related tasks and rescue attempts from 1998 to 2013 in Korea. Of the 30 fatalities, 18 occurred during @entity12168 /maintenance tasks and 12 during rescue attempts. All incidents except for one case occurred during the warm season from the late spring (April) to early autumn (September) when manure is likely to decompose rapidly. It is important to train employees involved in the operation of the facilities (i.e., owners, managers, employees) regarding the appropriate prevention strategies for confined space management, such as hazard identification before entry, periodical facility inspection, restriction of unnecessary access, proper ventilation, and health and safety. Sharing information or case reports on previous incidents could also help prevent similar cases from occurring and reduce the number of fatalities and injuries.

title: @entity2063 Incidents by XXXX at Manure Storage Facilities of Swine Livestock Farms in Korea.

entities_list: @entity3957 :: ('MESH:D006862', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrogen sulfide']

entities_list: @entity2063 :: ('MESH:C537571', 'Disease') :: ['asphyxiation']

entities_list: @entity12168 :: ('MESH:C562385', 'Disease') :: ['manure handling']

answer: @entity3957 :: (MESH:D006862,Chemical) :: ['Hydrogen Sulfide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety and efficacy of an inexpensive-modified transobturator vaginal tape procedure with the transobturator tension-free vaginal tape (TVT-O) procedure for the surgical treatment of female stress @entity322 (SUI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 with SUI were randomly allocated to either the test group receiving the inexpensive-modified transobturator vaginal tape procedure or the control group receiving the GYNECARE TVT-O procedure. Treatment outcomes and Quality-of-life scores were recorded and analyzed between two groups. RESULTS: A total of 156 @entity1 were enrolled in this trial. Eighty @entity1 underwent the modified transobturator vaginal tape procedure. Among them 75(93.8%) were cured and 5(6.2%) were improved. The rest of the 76 @entity1 underwent the GYNECARE TVT-O procedure with a 92% (70 of 76) cure rate and an 8% (6 of 76) improvement rate. No inefficient or aggravated cases occurred in both groups. The success rates between groups had no significant statistic difference (p > 0.05). The operative time, @entity190 , hospital stay, and medical cost were significantly lower in the test group (p < 0.01); the increases in Quality-of-life scores were comparable between groups. CONCLUSIONS: The modified transobturator vaginal tape procedure is an efficacious and economic surgical treatment for female SUI.

title: The comparison of an inexpensive-modified transobturator vaginal tape versus TVT-O procedure for the surgical treatment of female stress XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity101 guidelines recommend fixed-dose combinations for enhanced blood pressure (BP) reduction and compliance. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of fixed-dose @entity4687 / @entity3591 combination in reducing and controlling BP in Greek @entity101 @entity1 , as well as the effect of baseline BP and added cardiovascular risk on BP reduction. METHODS: This 6-month prospective observational study included male or female @entity1    18 years with essential @entity101 prescribed fixed-dose combination @entity4687 / @entity3591 . BP was measured at baseline and 3 and 6 months. Baseline cardiovascular risk and treatment compliance were also assessed. RESULTS: In 2231 per protocol @entity1 , mean systolic BP decreased from 157.0  15.4 mm Hg to 129.0  7.9 mm Hg after 6 months, and diastolic BP from 91.5  10.1 to 78.8  6.7 mm Hg (both p < 0.001). BP control was achieved in 84.8% at 6 months. @entity1 with higher baseline added cardiovascular risk or BP had greater BP reduction (p < 0.001). Compliance was good (97.1% took treatment "every day" or "quite often") and few (n = 27; 1.2%) discontinued treatment prematurely due to adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Fixed-dose @entity4687 / @entity3591 safely and effectively reduced high BP in real-life practice, achieving BP control in most @entity1 . About half of Greek @entity101 @entity1 have high/very high added cardiovascular risk.

title: Blood pressure reduction and control with fixed-dose combination @entity4687 / XXXX : A Pan-Hellenic prospective observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3591 :: ('MESH:D017311', 'Chemical') :: ['amlodipine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4687 :: ('MESH:D020913', 'Chemical') :: ['perindopril']

answer: @entity3591 :: (MESH:D017311,Chemical) :: ['amlodipine']


abstract: Mast cells are central effector cells in @entity56 and are augmented in the airways of @entity565 @entity1 . Attenuating mast cell degranulation and with it the early asthmatic response is an important intervention point to inhibit bronchoconstriction, plasma exudation and tissue @entity4 formation. To validate the efficacy of novel pharmacological interventions, appropriate and practicable in vivo models reflecting mast cell-dependent mechanisms in the lung, are missing. Thus, we developed a novel model of passive @entity358 in @entity35 . @entity35 were passively sensitized by concurrent intratracheal and intradermal (ear) application of an anti-DNP IgE antibody. Intravenous application of the antigen, DNP-BSA in combination with @entity23045 dye, led to mast cell degranulation in both tissues. Quantification of mast cell degranulation in the lung was determined by (1) mediator release into bronchoalveolar lavage, (2) extravasation of Evans blue dye into tracheal and bronchial lung tissue and (3) invasive measurement of antigen-induced bronchoconstriction. Quantification of mast cell degranulation in the ear was determined by extravasation of Evans blue dye into ear tissue. We pharmacologically validated our model using the SYK inhibitor @entity30210 , the H1-receptor antagonist @entity14295 , the mast cell stabilizer @entity9992 (DSCG) and the b2-adrenergic receptor agonist @entity6410 . @entity30210 was equally efficacious in lung and ear. @entity14295 effectively inhibited bronchoconstriction and ear vascular leakage, but was less effective against @entity358 , perhaps reflecting the differing roles for @entity112 receptor sub-types. DSCG attenuated both vascular leakage in the lung and bronchoconstriction, but with a very short duration of action. As an inhaled approach, @entity6410 was more effective in the lung than in the ear. This model of passive @entity358 provides a tissue relevant readout of early mast cell activity and pharmacological benchmarking broadly reflects responses observed in @entity1 with @entity565 .

title: A Novel Model of IgE-Mediated Passive Pulmonary Anaphylaxis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity23045 :: ('MESH:D005070', 'Chemical') :: ['Evans blue']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity30210 :: ('MESH:C523665', 'Chemical') :: ['Fostamatinib']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vascular leakage', 'pulmonary anaphylaxis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma']

entities_list: @entity9992 :: ('MESH:D004205', 'Chemical') :: ['disodium cromoglycate']

entities_list: @entity6410 :: ('MESH:C012629', 'Chemical') :: ['Formoterol']

entities_list: @entity14295 :: ('MESH:C121345', 'Chemical') :: ['Desloratadine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the current study is to compare the results after partial and complete @entity6679 ( @entity6679 ). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The records of laparoscopic and hand-assisted laparoscopic procedures for primary @entity5 @entity1 were abstracted from a prospectively designed database. The phrenicocolic and splenocolic ligaments were divided via a four-trocar technique in the partial @entity6679 group, and dissection was continued with the separation of gastrocolic and pancreaticomesocolic attachments via a five-trocar procedure in the complete @entity6679 group. The following data were compared between the groups: Demographics, intra- and postoperative information, and pathological features. RESULTS: In total, 122 cases (77 [63.1%] male, 58.2  13.2 years old) who underwent a partial (n=36, 29.5%) or a complete (n=86, 70.5%) @entity6679 were included. Reservoir creation (48.8% versus 19.4%, P=.003) was more common and conversion (8.1% versus 22.2%, P=.039) was less frequent in the complete @entity6679 group, but there were significantly more @entity5 in the partial group (16.7% versus 2.3%, P=.008). Demographics, other intra- and postoperative parameters, and pathological features were identical. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, complete @entity6679 decreased conversion rates, but this finding may be related to the higher rate of @entity5 in the partial @entity6679 group. Complete @entity6679 assures an increase in reservoir creation in @entity1 receiving a low anterior resection. Because other parameters are identical, the decision for the level of @entity6679 is better left to the surgeon in cases undergoing a low anterior resection, but complete @entity6679 may be preferred in cases who are candidates for a reservoir formation.

title: Complete versus partial mobilization of splenic flexure during laparoscopic low anterior resection for XXXX : a comparative study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['T4 tumors', 'rectal tumor']

entities_list: @entity6679 :: ('MESH:D014086', 'Disease') :: ['SFM', 'splenic flexure mobilization']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: It has been reported that main duct @entity4929 are more invasive and have a worse prognosis than branch duct @entity4929 . Therefore, an aggressive surgical approach has mainly been recommended for all MD-IPMNs. However, the surgical management of BD-IPMNs has been controversial and the consensus guidelines are not specific for an indicator of @entity5 in BD-IPMNs. The objective of this study was to determine the proper management and follow-up strategy of BD-IPMNs. METHODS: We monitored and analysed @entity1 with presumed BD-IPMNs between March 1995 and March 2010. RESULT: The mean value of the initial cyst size in all @entity1 with BD-IPMNs was 2.19 cm. Amongst 194 @entity1 with BD-IPMNs, 34 underwent immediate surgical resection, 152 were followed conservatively. Amongst the 152 conservatively managed @entity1 , 18 (11.8%) underwent surgical resection after a median follow-up of 12.7 months (range, 3-48 months). In 132 @entity1 who were managed conservatively without surgery, the mean incremental rate of cyst size growth was 0.0038 cm/month during a median of 30.7 months of follow-up and there were no IPMN-related @entity204 . CONCLUSION: Amongst @entity1 with BD-IPMNs, about 10% have surgery within approximately 1 year from the time of diagnosis because of the occurrence of new malignant stigmata. Therefore, a conservative approach without surgery and careful follow-up every 3 months or 6 months during the first year after diagnosis can be safely advocated in @entity1 with BD-IPMNs larger than 10mm in size who have no risk factors for malignant IPMNs.

title: Proper management and follow-up strategy of branch duct XXXX of the pancreas.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms']

answer: @entity4929 :: (MESH:C565310,Disease) :: ['intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity483 ( @entity483 )-like @entity1909 can be induced by repeated topical application of an ointment containing @entity8786 body (Dfb) extract in NC/Nga @entity19 . This @entity483 -like @entity19 model also exhibits a biphasic increase in the number of scratching behavior after topical application of Dfb ointment. In this study, we investigated the possible mechanisms underlying the scratching behavior in each phase. An increase in the content of mast cell derived mediators such as @entity112 and @entity750 in the lesional skin and increased vascular permeability were observed in the early phase after the Dfb ointment application. @entity17567 (H1 receptor antagonist) and cromoglycate (mast cell stabilizer) reduced the scratching behavior in the early phase but not that in the later phase. Furthermore, the content of various endogenous pruritogens such as @entity69132 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin in the lesional skin was increased 1 or 24 hours after the Dfb ointment application. Elevated expression of @entity23451 ( @entity23451 ) was also observed in the epidermis. Finally, @entity5722 ( @entity563 protease inhibitor) reduced the scratching behavior in both phases, and anti- @entity14655 antibody also showed a tendency to reduce both @entity146 . These findings suggest that immediate-type @entity56 caused by mast cell degranulation and @entity23451 activation by proteases are involved in the scratching behavior in this @entity483 -like model. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Immediate-type allergic and protease-mediated reactions are involved in scratching behavior induced by topical application of XXXX extract in NC/Nga @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['Atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['scratching behaviors']

entities_list: @entity5722 :: ('MESH:D016670', 'Chemical') :: ['gabexate']

entities_list: @entity8786 :: ('6954', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides farinae']

entities_list: @entity23451 :: ('14063(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['proteinase-activated receptor-2', 'PAR-2']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine']

entities_list: @entity17567 :: ('MESH:D002744', 'Chemical') :: ['Chlorpheniramine']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity8786 :: (6954,Species) :: ['Dermatophagoides farinae']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The study determined if administration of Vernonia amygdalina and @entity2732 plants provides synergistic effects in ameliorating plasmodium @entity281 in @entity19 . Thirty @entity19 (17.88-25.3   g) were divided into 6 groups of 5 @entity19 each. Group 1 was normal control, while groups 2-6 were intraperitoneally inoculated 2.5 * 10(7) @entity2637 parasitized red blood cell, followed by daily administration of 350   mg/kg aqueous leaf extracts after establishment of @entity281 . Group 2 was disease control, while group 6 was treated with standard drug for four consecutive days. The results showed significant (P < 0.05) reduction in percentage of parasite load between the infected treatment groups and disease control group at day 3 after @entity281 , which remained consistent until the end of the experiment. All infected treated groups showed significant (P < 0.05) increases in RBC and @entity1485 recovery compared to the disease control, with the exception of WBC. There was insignificant (P > 0.05) change in mean body weight of all treated groups except in disease control group. Histological studies of the infected @entity19 indicate recovery of hepatic cells from congested black pigmentation. The reduction in parasite load and recovery of hepatic cell damage/hematological parameters were induced by these plant extracts. This highlighted the important usage of the plant in traditional remedy of @entity281 .

title: Antimalarial Potential of XXXX and Vernonia amygdalina in @entity19 Infected with @entity2637 .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'malaria infection']

entities_list: @entity2732 :: ('3649', 'Species') :: ['Carica papaya']

entities_list: @entity2637 :: ('5821', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium berghei']

answer: @entity2732 :: (3649,Species) :: ['Carica papaya']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity18839 @entity137 in growing plants is considered as one of the major factors limiting the production of crops on acidic soils worldwide. In the last 15 years, it has been proposed that @entity18839 @entity137 are mediated with distortion of the cellular signaling mechanisms such as @entity460 signaling pathways, and production of cytotoxic reactive @entity26 species (ROS) causing oxidative damages. On the other hand, @entity219 is normally present in plants at high concentrations and its deficiency is one of the most widespread micronutrient deficiencies in plants. Earlier studies suggested that lack of @entity219 often results in ROS-mediated oxidative damage to plant cells. Previously, inhibitory action of @entity8862 against @entity17361 -induced @entity224 generation in @entity286 cells have been reported, suggesting that @entity8862 interferes with the cation-induced ROS production via stimulation of @entity1110 oxidase. In the present study, the effect of @entity8862 on @entity18839 -induced @entity224 generation in the cell suspension cultures of @entity286 ( @entity286 ., cell-line, BY-2) and @entity579 ( @entity579 ., cv. Nipponbare), was examined. The @entity8862 -dependent inhibition of the @entity18839 -induced oxidative burst was observed in both model cells selected from the monocots and dicots ( @entity579 and @entity286 ), suggesting that this phenomenon ( @entity18839 / @entity8862 interaction) can be preserved in higher plants. Subsequently induced cell death in @entity286 cells was analyzed by lethal cell staining with Evans blue. Obtained results indicated that presence of @entity8862 at physiological concentrations can protect the cells by preventing the @entity18839 -induced @entity224 generation and cell death. Furthermore, the regulation of the @entity141 signaling, i.e., change in the cytosolic @entity141 ion concentration, and the cross-talks among the elements which participate in the pathway were further explored.

title: @entity219 -Dependent Protection of @entity286 and @entity579 Cells From Aluminum-Induced @entity224 -Mediated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['Nicotiana tabacum L', 'tobacco']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity579 :: ('4530', 'Species') :: ['Oryza sativa L', 'rice']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity17361 :: ('CHEBI:33319', 'Chemical') :: ['lanthanide']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Cytotoxicity']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the different etiopathogenic, microbiological, clinical, evolutive, and therapeutic aspects in @entity1 with @entity10577 , with a special emphasis in the usefulness of @entity31838 therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical records of 59 @entity1 with @entity5572 (45 single abscess and 14 multiple abscesses) diagnosed at our institution in the last eleven years were studied. RESULTS: The most common predisposing conditions included biliary (35.6%) and colon (15.3%) diseases, and @entity1661 (15.3%). The microorganisms responsible for these abscesses included @entity526 , Bacteroides spp., and different streptococci. CT and/or abdominal echography were the diagnostic techniques most commonly used. Twenty-three @entity1 were treated with percutaneous drainage and antibiotics, 22 with surgical drainage and antibiotics, 6 with both types of drainage and antibiotics, and 8 exclusively with antibiotics. Twenty-three @entity1 received @entity2892 (1 g/IV/8 h) and 29 other antibiotics. Twelve @entity1 died and 9 required admission at the ICU. With regard to @entity1 treated with @entity2892 , 17 (73.9%) cured, 3 of them (one single abscess and two multiple abscesses) without drainage. Two @entity1 treated with @entity2892 (8.7%) and 4 treated with other antibiotics (13.8%) relapsed. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2892 can be a useful antibiotic in association with percutaneous or surgical drainage for the treatment of @entity10577 .

title: [Pyogenic hepatic abscess. Review of 59 cases and experience with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5572 :: ('MESH:D008100', 'Disease') :: ['liver abscesses']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['Imipenem', 'imipenem']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity10577 :: ('MESH:D046290', 'Disease') :: ['pyogenic liver abscesses']

entities_list: @entity31838 :: ('MESH:C044650', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem-cilastatin']

answer: @entity2892 :: (MESH:D015378,Chemical) :: ['imipenem']


abstract: The occurrence of the most important @entity2491 serovars in Russia from 1980 to 1993 is reported. Selected @entity2491 strains isolated in Russia from 1951 to 1993 were characterized by serotype, phage type, resistance pattern, plasmid profile and detection of aerobactin production. The incidence of @entity5746 was different in the various administrative districts and varied between 0-235 cases/100,000 inhabitants. Since the middle of the eighties both the overall increase of @entity5746 and the replacement of @entity2491 by @entity10435 was also demonstrable in Russia. @entity580 due to multiply resistant S. infantis strains and @entity2491 strains which caused severe septicaemic courses in @entity1 were a special epidemic problem. These infections mainly occurred via @entity1697 . In contrast ot Western Europe most of the @entity10435 strains isolated in Russia belonged to phage type 1/1. Eight phage types were determined additionally. The @entity2491 strains isolated in @entity580 belonged to a definite phage type and carried a 95 MDa plasmid. This plasmid was also detected in the nosocomial S. infantis strains, S. haifa strains, and S. panama strains. All these nosocomial strains formed aerobactin.

title: [Epidemiological and microbiological studies on XXXX in Russia].

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella', 'S. typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['faecal-oral transmission']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['salmonellosis']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infections', 'Nosocomial infections']

answer: @entity5746 :: (MESH:D012480,Disease) :: ['salmonellosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the presence of @entity1534 and, if detected, its potential prevalence in causing recurrent @entity7809 confined to mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues of the pharynx. DESIGN: Prospective, controlled clinical trial. SETTING: Otolaryngology Department of Tanta University Hospitals, Tanta, Egypt. @entity1 : A total of 146 @entity1 with recurrent @entity9645 and pharynx and 20 normal control subjects. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were assigned to group 1 (n = 58), in which the @entity1066 were strictly limited to the lymphoid tissues, or group 2 (n = 88), in which the @entity1066 were randomly distributed in the oral cavity and pharynx. @entity1534 DNA was extracted from 3-mm-diameter tissue samples, and polymerase chain reaction amplifications were performed for the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Positivity for @entity1534 . RESULTS: In group 1, 39 @entity1 (67%) were positive for @entity1534 DNA, while in group 2, 9 @entity1 (10%) were positive (chi(2) test, P<.001). It was not detected in any of the 20 control samples. CONCLUSION: Our results support a possible causative role for @entity1534 in recurrent @entity7809 with a characteristic distribution and affinity to mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues of the pharynx.

title: Prevalence of @entity1534 DNA in recurrent XXXX in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues of the pharynx.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity9645 :: ('MESH:D019226', 'Disease') :: ['multiple aphthous ulcers of the oral cavity']

entities_list: @entity7809 :: ('MESH:D013281', 'Disease') :: ['aphthous ulcers', 'aphthous ulcerations']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

answer: @entity7809 :: (MESH:D013281,Disease) :: ['aphthous ulcerations']


abstract: PURPOSE: Few studies have examined the relationship between directly measured @entity26 uptake (VO2) and self-reported physical function (PF). The purpose of this study was: 1) to examine the relationship between peak @entity69564 ) to determine whether a threshold or cut point exist that distinguishes between individuals reporting required assistance in the performance of functional tasks (low PF) and those who report ability to perform tasks independently (high PF). METHODS: @entity1 were 161 community-dwelling adults, ages 65-90, who had a baseline evaluation for a clinical trail that included measurement of peak V02 and PF consisted of a summary score combining scores from the Older Americans Resources and Services Multidimensional Functional Assessment Questionnaire, Nagi Disability Study. Rosow-Breslau Scale, Physical Function Scale of the Medical Outcomes Study, and the Falls Efficacy Scale. Decision tree, cubic spline, and logistic regression analyses explored these relationships with age, gender, education, race, body mass index, @entity308 , and total number of @entity102 included as important covariates. RESULTS: Among all covariates examined, peak V02 was most strongly associated with (P = 0.004) with PF. There was not threshold effect. Decision tree analyses indicated that 18.3 mL.kg-1.min-1 was the optimal cut point distinguishing between low PF and High PG (P < 0.0001). Between-gender differences in PF (P = 0.002) were no longer significant when peak V02 was included in the PF model (P = 0.17). CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that individuals with a V02 < 18 mL.kg-1min-1 report significant difficulty in the performance of daily tasks and that differences in peak V02 may explain, in part, why @entity1 report more impairment in PF.

title: Is there a threshold between peak XXXX uptake and self-reported physical functioning in older adults?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity226 ( @entity34 ) and the use of glucocorticoids have both been associated with increased risk of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ). However, the possibility of confounding by indication has not been investigated. We undertook this study to examine the temporal risk of @entity1211 in @entity34 @entity1 before and after @entity34 diagnosis, accounting for confounders including @entity34 . METHODS: We conducted a matched cohort study using an electronic medical record database representative of the UK population (1990-2013). We calculated age-, sex-, and entry time-matched and multivariate relative risks (RRs) of @entity1211 , comparing 6,441 @entity1 with new-onset @entity34 (defined by corresponding diagnosis codes and prescribed @entity34 ) to 63,985 controls before and after @entity34 diagnosis. Analysis before @entity34 diagnosis was stratified by oral glucocorticoid use to account for confounding. RESULTS: There were 27 incident @entity1211 events during the 12 months preceding @entity34 diagnosis and 195 afterward. Compared to controls, during the 12, 9, 6, and 3 months preceding @entity34 diagnosis, the age-, sex-, and entry time-matched RRs for @entity1211 among @entity1 with imminent @entity34 not treated with glucocorticoids were 1.8, 2.2, 2.4, and 3.6, respectively. In the first 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 months after @entity34 diagnosis, the corresponding RRs were 9.9, 7.7, 5.9, 4.4, 3.3, and 2.4. Multivariate analyses including several common @entity1211 risk factors showed similar trends. CONCLUSION: The risk of @entity1211 increases shortly before @entity34 diagnosis, peaks at the time of diagnosis, and then progressively declines thereafter. This risk is apparent in @entity1 with imminent @entity34 unexposed to oral glucocorticoids, suggesting a role for @entity32 -associated @entity715 that is independent of glucocorticoid use.

title: Temporal Trends of XXXX Risk Before and After Diagnosis of @entity226 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['Giant cell arteritis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['GCA', 'glucocorticoid treatment']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['Venous Thromboembolism']