abstract: BACKGROUND: Gyrification is an important index of brain development. We used magnetic resonance scanning technology to compare brain surface morphology and measures of gyrification in @entity1 and adolescents with a @entity161 spectrum disorder and in age-equivalent healthy controls. METHODS: Magnetic resonance scans were obtained from 42 @entity1 and 24 healthy controls, mean age 17.7 years for both groups. We employed novel quantitative measures of brain morphology, including cortical @entity121 and a variety of indices of sulcal and gyral curvature. We examined these measures in the whole brain and in the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes. RESULTS: There were significant decreases in cortical @entity121 in the @entity1 . This was most pronounced in the cortical tissue that underlies the sulci. The @entity1 group had significantly more flattened curvature in the sulci and more steeped or peaked curvature in the gyri. CONCLUSIONS: This study quantitatively examines cortical @entity121 and surface morphology in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity161 . @entity1 with @entity161 demonstrated patterns of brain morphology that were distinctly different from healthy controls. In light of current theories of the formation of gyri and sulci, these changes may reflect aberrations in cerebral and subcortical connectivity.

title: Gyrification abnormalities in childhood- and adolescent-onset XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['thickness']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Bortezomib, @entity2816 and @entity6985 can be aimed at treating @entity1 with newly diagnosed multiple @entity1582 (both eligible and ineligible for transplantation) as well as those with relapsed or refractory disease. This review analysed the available clinical and economic data on these three drugs. Irrespective of which of the three agents is considered, the magnitude of the benefit in newly diagnosed cases (transplanted or non-transplanted) tends to be between 10 and 20 months per @entity1 in terms of progression-free survival or survival; the survival benefit is smaller in relapsed or refractory disease. In addition, a single-institution observational analysis evaluated the outcomes in nearly 3000 consecutive @entity1 examined between 1971 and 2006. The survival in @entity1 diagnosed between 2001 and 2006 was longer than that observed in @entity1 diagnosed between 1994 and 2000. This finding supports the conclusion that novel agents provide a survival improvement compared with traditional therapy. Formal cost-effectiveness studies on these three agents are still lacking. A MEDLINE search retrieved only four short papers or letters and no full-length analysis. Hence, the cost effectiveness of these agents needs further investigation, with separate assessments of the different therapeutic settings. In a simplified analysis, we tried to contrast the average cost of treatment for each of the novel agents versus their respective benefit, expressed in quality-adjusted survival. Despite its preliminary nature, our assessment indicates that the cost effectiveness of these three agents is likely to be within commonly accepted pharmacoeconomic thresholds.

title: The role of bortezomib, @entity2816 and XXXX in the management of multiple @entity1582 : an overview of clinical and economic information.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity6985 :: ('MESH:C467567', 'Chemical') :: ['lenalidomide']

answer: @entity6985 :: (MESH:C467567,Chemical) :: ['lenalidomide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The effects of dietary @entity904 (VA) supplementation on reproductive performance, VA deposition, and potential mechanisms of action were studied in Chinese yellow-feathered broiler breeders. A total of 528 yellow-feathered broiler breeders that were 46 wk old were fed a @entity4336 - @entity1460 meal basal diet supplemented with 0; 5,400; 10,800; or 21,600 IU/kg VA for 9 wk. Each dietary treatment had 6 replicates with 22 birds per replicate. After 7 wk of treatment, 60 settable eggs per replicate were collected for hatching. The results showed that dietary VA improved the laying rate, egg-to-feed ratio, and hatch weight of offspring (P < 0.05). Hepatic @entity6247 in broiler breeders and hatchlings (within 12 h) increased with increasing VA (P < 0.05). VA supplementation @entity851 factor 1 (IGF-I) receptor transcripts in the @entity43 and the walls of yellow follicles, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor expression in the walls of white and yellow follicles, and luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor and growth hormone (GH) receptor transcripts in the walls of yellow follicles (P < 0.05). Caspase-3 and Fas mRNA levels in the @entity43 and the walls of white and yellow follicles decreased with VA supplementation (P < 0.05). The relative expression of @entity904 dehydrogenase 10 (RDH10) transcripts in the walls of white follicles increased with 5,400 IU/kg VA supplementation (P < 0.05). Supplemental 21,600 IU/kg VA increased cytochrome P450 26A1 (CYP26A1) transcripts in the @entity43 and the walls of white follicles (P < 0.05). Dietary VA elevated @entity1968 receptor a (RARa) expression in the @entity43 and the walls of yellow follicles and @entity554 X receptor a (RXRa) expression in the walls of yellow follicles. It was concluded that VA supplementation improved reproductive performance and hepatic storage of VA, and this was associated with the regulation of ovarian hormone receptor expression and suppression of apoptosis gene transcripts through its active metabolite @entity1968 (RA). The optimal dietary VA level for Chinese yellow-feathered broiler breeders at 46 to 54 wk of age was found to be 10,800 IU/kg.

title: Dietary XXXX supplementation improved reproductive performance by regulating ovarian expression of hormone receptors, caspase-3 and Fas in broiler breeders.

entities_list: @entity6247 :: ('MESH:C014794', 'Chemical') :: ['retinyl palmitate']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian stroma']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['increased insulin-like growth']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A', 'retinol']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity554 :: ('CHEBI:26537', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoid']

answer: @entity904 :: (MESH:D014801,Chemical) :: ['vitamin A']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) can induce remodeling of multiple levels of the cerebral cortex system especially in the sensory cortex. The aim of this study was to assess, in vivo and bilaterally, the remodeling of dendritic spines in the hindlimb representation of the sensory cortex after spinal cord hemisection. @entity3512 -YFP @entity19 were randomly divided into the control group and the @entity1566 group, and the spinal vertebral plates (T11-T12) of all @entity19 were excised. Next, the left hemisphere of the spinal cord (T12) was hemisected in the @entity1566 group. The hindlimb representations of the sensory cortex in both groups were imaged bilaterally on the day before (0d), and three days (3d), two weeks (2w), and one month (1m) after the @entity1566 . The rates of stable, newly formed, and eliminated spines were calculated by comparing images of individual dendritic spine in the same areas at different time points. In comparison to the control group, the rate of newly formed spines in the contralateral sensory cortex of the @entity1566 group increased at three days and two weeks after injury. The rates of eliminated spines in the bilateral sensory cortices increased and the rate of stable spines in the bilateral cortices declined at two weeks and one month. From three days to two weeks, the stable rates of bilaterally stable spines in the @entity1566 group decreased. In comparison to the control group and contralateral cortex in the @entity1566 group, the re-emerging rate of eliminated spines in ipsilateral cortex of the @entity1566 group decreased significantly. The stable rates of newly formed spines in bilateral cortices of the @entity1566 group decreased from two weeks to one month. We found that the remodeling in the hindlimb representation of the sensory cortex after spinal cord hemisection occurred bilaterally. This remodeling included eliminating spines and forming new spines, as well as changing the reorganized regions of the brain cortex after the @entity1566 over time. Soon after the @entity1566 , the cortex was remodeled by increasing spine formation in the contralateral cortex. Then it was remodeled prominently by eliminating spines of bilateral cortices. Spinal cord hemisection also caused traditional stable spines to become unstable and led the eliminated spines even more hard to recur especially in the ipsilateral cortex of the @entity1566 group. In addition, it also made the new formed spines unstable.

title: Remodeling the Dendritic Spines in the Hindlimb Representation of the Sensory Cortex after Spinal Cord Hemisection in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inappropriate adaptation through the unfolded protein response (UPR) are predominant features of pathological processes. However, little is known about the link between ER stress and @entity130 . We investigated the involvement of ER stress in @entity1373 after @entity1317 . The femoral arteries of 7-8-week-old male @entity19 were subjected to wire-induced @entity1317 . After 4 weeks, immunohistological analysis showed that ER stress markers were upregulated in the @entity8233 . @entity8233 formation was increased by 54.8% in @entity2989 ( @entity2989 ) heterozygous @entity19 , a model of compromised UPR. Knockdown of @entity5594 in @entity1 coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CASMC) in vitro promoted cell proliferation and migration. Furthermore, treatment with ER stress reducers, @entity10022 ( @entity10023 ) and @entity13805 ( @entity13805 ), decreased the intima-to-media ratio after wire injury by 50.0% and 72.8%, respectively. Chronic stimulation of CASMC with PDGF-BB activated the UPR, and treatment with @entity10023 and @entity13805 significantly suppressed the PDGF-BB-induced ER stress markers in CASMC and the proliferation and migration of CASMC. In conclusion, increased ER stress contributes to @entity8233 formation after @entity1317 , while UPR signaling downstream of @entity2989 plays a suppressive role. Suppression of ER stress would be a novel strategy against @entity455 .

title: Reduction of endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibits @entity8233 formation after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity13805 :: ('MESH:C031655', 'Chemical') :: ['tauroursodeoxycholic acid', 'TUDCA']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['post-angioplasty vascular restenosis']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['neointima hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity10022 :: ('MESH:C075773', 'Chemical') :: ['4-phenylbutyrate']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular injury']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['Neointima', 'hyperplastic neointima', 'neointima']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['vascular injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The present research examined the impact of @entity835 motives on @entity286 outcomes. METHODS: The sample included 403 daily smokers (214 males, mean age 35.24 years). A bifactor model of @entity835 motives was examined to determine whether this approach might best elucidate relations between @entity835 motives and smoking. RESULTS: Coping motives were associated with reduced barriers for smoking, fewer negative smoking expectancies, and decreased positive reinforcement with respect to smoking. Conformity motives were associated with fewer internal smoking barriers. Expansion motives were associated with more positive reinforcement related to smoking. Enhancement motives were associated with reductions in smoking for appetite/weight control consequences. The general motives variable, comprised of each of the five motives subscales, was associated with more barriers related to @entity286 addiction, more external barriers, greater positive reinforcement consequences, and more negative expectancies. Coping motives were negatively associated with quit status, and were positively associated with quit status. CONCLUSIONS: Cannabis motives subscales were not uniformly predictive of quit success. Individuals who used @entity835 for conformity reasons were more likely to successfully quit smoking, however, individuals who used @entity835 for coping reasons were less likely to quit smoking. Thus, those who use @entity835 for conformity reasons are less likely to turn to @entity835 during times of stress or to relieve @entity2701 or @entity148 , a view supported by existing literature. This suggests that individuals who use @entity835 for coping reasons may represent a population vulnerable to @entity835 misuse and problems. Additional work is needed to better understand underlying mechanisms.

title: Cannabis Motives and Quitting XXXX : Smoking Expectancies and Severity among Treatment-seeking Cigarette Smokers.

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['Tobacco']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity18245 Autogel(  ) ( @entity18245 Depot in the USA) has demonstrated anti- @entity5 activity and control of the symptoms associated with hormone hypersecretion in @entity1 with @entity5 . The objectives of this study were to describe the pharmacokinetics of @entity18245 Autogel(  ) administered 4-weekly by deep subcutaneous injections of 60, 90, or 120  mg in @entity1 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ), to quantify the magnitude of inter- @entity1 variability (IPV), and to identify those @entity1 characteristics that impact on pharmacokinetics. METHODS: Analyses were based on pooled data from clinical trials. A total of 1541 serum concentrations from 290 @entity1 were analyzed simultaneously by the population approach using NONMEM(  ) version  7.2. Covariates evaluated included demographics, renal and hepatic function markers, and disease-related parameters. RESULTS: Serum profiles were described by a one-compartment disposition model in which the absorption process was characterized by two parallel pathways following first- and zero-order kinetics. The estimated apparent volume of distribution was 18.3  L. The estimated apparent total serum clearance for a typical 74  kg @entity1 was 513  L/day, representing a substantial difference in clearance in this population of @entity1 with respect to healthy volunteers that could not be explained by any of the covariates tested. Body weight was the only covariate to show a statistically significant effect on the pharmacokinetic profile, but due to the overlap between the pharmacokinetic profiles of @entity1 with lower or higher body weights the effect of body weight on clearance was not considered clinically relevant. The IPV was low for clearance (27  %) and moderate to high for volume of distribution (150  %) and the absorption constant (61  %). CONCLUSIONS: Using two mechanisms of absorption, the pharmacokinetics of @entity18245 Autogel(  ) were well-described in @entity1 with GEP-NET. None of the @entity1 characteristics tested were of clinical relevance to potential dose adjustment in clinical practice.

title: Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of XXXX Autogel(  )/Depot in the @entity5 : Pooled Analysis of Four Clinical Trials.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors', 'neuroendocrine tumors', 'GEP-NETs']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity18245 :: ('MESH:C060347', 'Chemical') :: ['lanreotide', 'Lanreotide']

answer: @entity18245 :: (MESH:C060347,Chemical) :: ['Lanreotide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4854 is commonly associated with the hypermetabolic stress response. However, persistent @entity4854 may adversely affect wound healing and immunity. The purpose of this study was to assess any relationship between @entity4854 and clinical outcome after severe @entity130 . METHODS: Survey of the medical records from January 1996 to July 1999 identified 58 pediatric @entity1 with burns > or = 60% body surface. @entity1 were categorized as having poor @entity413 control (n = 33) if > or = 40% of all plasma @entity413 determinations were > or = 7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL) and compared with @entity1 deemed to have adequate @entity413 control (n = 25) in whom > or = 40% of all @entity413 values were > or = 7.8 mmol/L. RESULTS: Despite similar age, burn size, caloric intake, and frequency of @entity2737 , @entity1 categorized with poor @entity413 control had a significantly greater incidence of positive @entity1503 (positive @entity1503 /length of stay days, 0.42 +/- 0.04 for @entity4854 @entity1 vs. 0.30 +/- 0.03 for normoglycemia @entity1 ; mean +/- SEM, p > or = 0.05). This finding was especially prominent for @entity1503 positive for @entity375 . @entity4854 @entity1 had significantly less percentage of skin graft take than did the normoglycemic @entity1 (percent take/operative procedure, 64 +/- 9 for @entity4854 @entity1 vs. 88 +/- 5 for normoglycemia @entity1 ; p < 0.05). Nine @entity1 (27%) with persistent @entity4854 died compared with only one @entity204 (4%) in @entity1 with adequate @entity413 control (p > or = 0.05). CONCLUSION: This association between poor @entity413 control, @entity2259 / @entity12045 , reduced skin graft take, and subsequent mortality in severely burned @entity1 may be related to a @entity4854 -induced detriment in antimicrobial defense. Although this report fails to establish cause and effect, these findings suggest that aggressive maneuvers to normalize plasma @entity413 in critically injured @entity1 may be warranted.

title: Association of @entity4854 with increased mortality after severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infection']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood cultures']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'Hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['burn injury']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['burn injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate the incidence of @entity397 ( @entity397 ), @entity2681 ( @entity2681 ), and calcified nodule (CN) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ); to compare detailed morphologic plaque characteristics of @entity397 , @entity2681 , and CN with optical coherence tomography and intravascular ultrasound; and to compare the post-procedure outcomes among @entity397 , @entity2681 , and CN. BACKGROUND: The incidence and detailed morphologic characteristics of @entity397 , @entity2681 , and CN in @entity583 @entity1 and their outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are unknown. METHODS: A total of 112 @entity583 @entity1 who underwent PCI within 12 h from symptom onset were included. Both optical coherence tomography and intravascular ultrasound were performed following aspiration thrombectomy. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity397 , @entity2681 , and CN was 64.3%, 26.8%, and 8.0%, respectively. @entity2681 and CN, compared with @entity397 , had more @entity82 (p  < 0.001 and p  < 0.001) and less thin-cap @entity1856 (p  < 0.001 and p  < 0.001) as well as smaller plaque burden (p  = 0.003 and p  = 0.001) and remodeling index (p  = 0.003 and p  < 0.001). @entity2681 had greater plaque eccentricity index than @entity397 and CN (p  < 0.001 and p  < 0.001). CN had greater calcified arc and shallower @entity460 than @entity397 (p  < 0.001 and p  < 0.001) or @entity2681 (p  < 0.001 and p  < 0.001). More than one-half of CN had negative remodeling. @entity2681 had a lower incidence of no-reflow phenomenon after PCI than @entity397 (p  = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2681 was the underlying mechanism in one-fourth of @entity583 . @entity2681 was characterized by @entity82 . CN was characterized by superficial large @entity460 and negative remodeling. @entity2681 was associated with less @entity16 after PCI.

title: A Combined Optical Coherence Tomography and Intravascular Ultrasound  Study on Plaque Rupture, Plaque Erosion, and Calcified Nodule in  @entity1 With ST-Segment Elevation XXXX : Incidence, Morphologic Characteristics, and Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous plaque', 'eccentric fibrous plaque']

entities_list: @entity2681 :: ('MESH:D014077', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'plaque erosion']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular damage']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['plaque rupture', 'PR']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['fibroatheroma']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between 4 components of physical activity and the 12-year incidence of @entity922 ( @entity571 ) among older adults. METHODS: Longitudinal data from 1,678 @entity1 and @entity1 , ages 55-85 years, were collected in the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. Incident clinical knee @entity571 was defined by an algorithm using self-report and general practitioner data. Physical activity was assessed by a validated questionnaire from which 4 physical activity component scores were created: muscle strength, intensity, mechanical strain, and turning actions. Cox proportional hazards models were conducted to examine the relationship between these scores and incident knee @entity571 and reported as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS: During 12 years of followup, 463 respondents (28%) developed clinical knee @entity571 . A high mechanical strain score (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.15-1.77) and a low muscle strength score (HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.01-1.68) were associated with an increased risk of knee @entity571 after adjustment for age, sex, region of living, education, lifetime physical work demands, lifetime general physical activity, body mass index, current total physical activity level, and @entity308 . No association was observed in the intensity and turning actions components. The results were similar for @entity1 and @entity1 , and for @entity28 and nonobese respondents. CONCLUSION: Older adults who perform low muscle strength activities or activities causing high mechanical strain had an increased risk of clinical knee @entity571 . These results suggest that specific components of physical activity may influence the development of knee @entity571 .

title: Physical activity and incident XXXX in older adults.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinical knee osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity922 :: (MESH:D013568,Disease) :: ['clinical knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objective of the study was to investigate the first-night treatment success of a nasopharyngeal stent compared to standard nCPAP-titration. This is a case series and a single-center study. Eight @entity1 (n  =  8) were selected with @entity27 with a prestudy AHI >= 10. A newly developed nasopharyngeal stent was tested individually versus standard nCPAP-titration. Cardiorespiratory polysomnography was performed on two consecutive nights (random order: stent, nCPAP). The AHI, the number of obstructive @entity386 and @entity387 , the mean @entity26 saturation, and the minimum @entity26 saturation were compared before and after using the nasopharyngeal stent or standard nCPAP. The AHI value before treatment (AHIpre) was 31.1      12.0 (mean      standard deviation). After inserting the AlaxoStent, the mean AHIstent was 19      12.0 compared to mean AHInCPAP 8.2      11.9 with standard nCPAP-titration. Both nasopharyngeal stenting and nCPAP-titration could reduce the mean number of obstructive @entity386 by >94  %. Compared to responder rates of classic surgical interventions like uvulopalatopharyngoplasty or multi-level surgery, the nasopharyngeal stent seems to give a comparable responder rate of 50  %. There were no complications associated with the use of the stent and it was well tolerated by all subjects. Nasopharyngeal stenting widens the range of non-invasive mechanical treatment and seems to be an effective mechanical therapeutic alternative to surgery in nCPAP non-compliant @entity1 with OSA. Careful selection of the @entity1 population is a prerequisite of treatment and therefore it should be reserved for individual cases only.

title: A novel nasopharyngeal stent for the treatment of XXXX : a case series of nasopharyngeal stenting versus continuous positive airway pressure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopneas']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['untreated obstructive sleep apnea']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']


abstract: We present the prosthesis survival of the 7 most commonly used component types of 522 primary Souter elbow replacements performed in the @entity627 Foundation Hospital during the years 1982-1997. The cohort comprised 370 female and 33 male @entity1 with a mean age of 57 (20-81) years. 119 @entity1 had a bilateral procedure. The indications for operation in all cases were @entity309 and other chronic @entity32 . The mean duration of the disease at the time of operation was 25 (2-70) years. Elbows were often severely destroyed and, in one thiird of the joints, essential bone structures were missing. Therefore, in 178 cases, the ulnar components were retentive and in the remaining 344 elbows with better bone stock non-retentive. 47 @entity1 had 51 operations for @entity1349 up to the end of year 2000. In the survival analysis, the general cumulative success rates for the whole study cohort, without revision because of @entity1349 5 and10 years after surgery, were 96% and 84%, respectively. Revision was used as an end point. Cumulative success rates of the 7 most commonly used components are presented separately. The highest 5-year-survival rate was 100%, the lowest 93%. The corresponding 10-year-survival rates were 91% and 76%, respectively.

title: Revisions for XXXX in Souter-Strathclyde elbow arthroplasty: incidence of revisions of different components used in 522 consecutive cases.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory joint disease']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic loosening']

answer: @entity1349 :: (MESH:D011475,Disease) :: ['aseptic loosening']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity428 ( @entity428 ) monitoring is frequently used in intensive care treatment of @entity1 with @entity932 . Data demonstrating an improved outcome from this intervention are lacking. We analyzed standardized mortality ratios in @entity1 with and without @entity428 monitoring to determine its efficacy. DESIGN: A nonrandomized study of case records of consecutively admitted intensive care unit (ICU) @entity1 with @entity932 . SETTING: General and medical ICU of a 900-bed tertiary-care hospital. @entity1 : A total of 225 @entity1 with @entity932 (mainly nontraumatic) admitted consecutively between April 1997 and March 2000. MEASUREMENTS: Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II, diagnosis, age, sex, use of @entity428 monitoring, and in-hospital mortality rates were collected from the hospital's ICU database. Expected mortality was provided by means of SAPS II. Standardized mortality ratios were calculated and compared in 119 @entity1 with @entity428 monitoring and 106 @entity1 without @entity428 monitoring. MAIN RESULTS: The case mix-adjusted hospital mortality in the group with @entity428 monitoring was in the expected range (standardized mortality ratio, 1.09 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.87-1.31]). @entity1 without @entity428 monitoring had a significantly higher standardized mortality ratio than expected (1.26 [95% CI, 1.06-1.46]). CONCLUSIONS: A beneficial effect of @entity428 monitoring in @entity1 with @entity932 may be reflected in an improved standardized mortality ratio.

title: @entity428 monitoring and case mix-adjusted mortality in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['Intracranial pressure', 'ICP']

answer: @entity932 :: (MESH:D020300,Disease) :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the best tolerated and efficacious dose of @entity1206 given once or twice in 3-week cycles in combination with @entity1499 and @entity1487 (VMF). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1206 40 mg/m(2) was given as follows: 20 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 (group 1); 30 mg/m(2) on day 1 and 10 mg/m(2) on day 8 (group 2); or 40 mg/m(2) on day 1 (not exeeding 60 mg/m(2)) (group 3). The @entity1499 dose was 40 mg/m(2) on day 1 and the @entity1487 dose 600 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8. Thirty @entity1 with evaluable @entity3 were randomly allocated to the groups (first step). The second step was to exclude the worst tolerated regimen and then to expand the study to 60 @entity1 . Thus, group 1 had 26 @entity1 , group 2 had 24 @entity1 and group 3 had 10 @entity1 . RESULTS: World Health Organization (WHO) grade 3 hematological @entity137 occurred in 23%, 36% and 50% of @entity1 and grade 4 in 39%, 32% and 50% of @entity1 in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively; grade 3 @entity281 were observed in 15%, 9% and 10% of @entity1 in groups 1, 2 and 3, and grade 4 @entity281 in 5% and 10% of @entity1 in groups 2 and 3, respectively. Nonhematological @entity137 included a mild to moderate @entity2359 manifesting as @entity1142 , abdominal colics and @entity925 in the majority of @entity1 . One @entity1 in group 3 had serious @entity410 after @entity1206 administration; she also developed @entity1398 ; all symptoms were reversible. No @entity1 died from side-effects. The objective response rates were 50%, 55% and 44% for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Median time to progression was 7, 10 and 8 months and median survival time was 26, 23 and 16 months in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. CONCLUSION: VMF regimens where the @entity1206 dose (40 mg/m(2)) is divided (20 + 20 mg/m(2) and 30 + 10 mg/m(2)) between days 1 and 8 of a 3-week cycle are equally well tolerated and the efficacy is comparable to other modern first line regimens used in the treatment of metastatic @entity0 .

title: XXXX , @entity1499 and @entity1487 (VMF) as first-line therapy in metastatic @entity0 : a randomized phase II trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine', 'Vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic sepsis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1206 :: (MESH:C030852,Chemical) :: ['Vinorelbine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: One-fifth of @entity1 with severe facial @entity130 suffer @entity130 . Currently, @entity1 presenting with mid-face injury to the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) undergo visual examination and then  further assessment by ophthalmologists and with computed tomography (CT) scanning. The utility of the initial visual examination in the @entity341 , performed by nonophthalmologists, remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to objectively identify whether a more thorough initial visual assessment, performed by nonophthalmologists in the @entity341 , was associated with improved ophthalmic outcomes. METHODS: @entity1 (n  =  100) were retrospectively recruited from a tertiary craniomaxillofacial center. Visual examinations performed in the @entity341 were scored objectively and measured against defined management and prognostic outcomes. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between more thorough initial visual examination and reduced time to ophthalmology assessment or reduced @entity227 . There was no correlation between more comprehensive examination and incidence of CT scanning. CONCLUSIONS: We identified no significant difference between a comprehensive visual examination performed by nonophthalmologists in the @entity341 , and improved ophthalmic outcomes. Physicians assessing @entity1 with  mid-face @entity130 in the @entity341 should rule out eye @entity341 , including @entity548 and penetrating @entity130 , and initiate expeditious CT scan and assessment by specialist ophthalmologists.

title: Assessment of Emergency Department Eye Examinations in XXXX Presenting with Mid-Face Injury.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual complications']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['retrobulbar hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED', 'emergencies']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['globe injury', 'trauma', 'ophthalmic injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The authors hypothesized that central factors may underlie @entity51 in @entity1 with @entity51 ( @entity51 ) and that functional brain imaging would reveal altered responses in supraspinal nuclei. BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity1118 frequently present with @entity51 , ranging from @entity1183 to complete anesthesia in the absence of substantial pathology and often in association with @entity425 and occasional @entity912 . @entity1 with @entity158 and such @entity1109 can be classified as having both a @entity2531 and a @entity13299 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV classification). METHODS: The authors tested their hypothesis with functional MRI (fMRI) of brush and noxious stimulation-evoked brain responses in four @entity1 with @entity1118 and @entity51 . RESULTS: The fMRI findings revealed altered somatosensory-evoked responses in specific forebrain areas. Unperceived stimuli failed to activate areas that were activated with perceived touch and @entity158 : notably, the thalamus, posterior region of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and Brodmann area 44/45. Furthermore, unperceived stimuli were associated with deactivations in primary and secondary somatosensory cortex (S1, S2), posterior parietal cortex, and prefrontal cortex. Finally, unperceived (but not perceived) stimuli activated the rostral ACC. CONCLUSIONS: Diminished perception of innocuous and noxious stimuli is associated with altered activity in many parts of the somatosensory pathway or other supraspinal areas. The cortical findings indicate a neurobiological component for at least part of the symptoms in @entity1 presenting with @entity51 .

title: Altered central somatosensory processing in @entity1118 XXXX with "hysterical" anesthesia.

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['hypoesthesia']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoneurologic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['motor weakness']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['sensory deficits', 'nondermatomal somatosensory deficits', 'NDSD']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['pain disorder']

entities_list: @entity13299 :: ('MESH:D003291', 'Disease') :: ['conversion disorder']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Understanding how @entity413 metabolism is finely regulated at molecular and cellular levels in the liver is critical for knowing its relationship to related pathologies, such as @entity6 . In order to gain insight the regulation of @entity413 metabolism, we studied the liver expressed isoforms aldolase B and @entity948 -1,6-bisphosphatase ( @entity24154 ), key enzymes in gluconeogenesis, analyzing their cellular localization in hepatocytes under different metabolic conditions and their protein-protein interaction in vitro and in vivo . We observed that @entity413 , @entity2690 , glucagon and adrenaline differentially modulate the intracellular distribution of aldolase B and @entity24154 . Interestingly, the in vitro protein-protein interaction analysis between aldolase B and @entity24154 showed a specific and regulatable interaction between them, whereas aldolase A (muscle isozyme) and @entity24154 showed no interaction. The affinity of the aldolase B and @entity24154 complex was modulated by intermediate metabolites, but only in the presence of @entity3529 . We observed a decreased association constant in the presence of @entity860 , @entity28235 , @entity16117 and inhibitory concentrations of @entity4567 . Conversely, the association constant of the complex increased in the presence of @entity12036 and non-inhibitory concentrations of @entity4567 . Notably, i n vivo fluorescence resonance energy transfer studies confirmed the interaction between aldolase B and @entity24154 . Also, the co-expression of aldolase B and @entity24154 in cultured cells suggested that @entity24154 guides the cellular localization of aldolase B. Our results provide further evidence that metabolic conditions modulate aldolase B and @entity24154 activity at the cellular level via the regulation of their interaction, suggesting that their association confers a catalytic advantage for both enzymes.

title: A new level of regulation in gluconeogenesis: Metabolic state modulates the intracellular localization of aldolase B and its interaction with liver XXXX -1,6-bisphosphatase.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose']

entities_list: @entity12036 :: ('MESH:D004099', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydroxyacetone phosphate']

entities_list: @entity16117 :: ('MESH:C027618', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose-6-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity4567 :: ('MESH:C029063', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose-1,6-bisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity28235 :: ('MESH:C027652', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose-2,6-bisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity860 :: ('MESH:D000249', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine monophosphate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity948 :: (MESH:D005632,Chemical) :: ['fructose']


abstract: We have treated Caki-2 @entity1 @entity1358 in vivo using herpes simplex virus @entity1014 kinase (HSV-tk) gene therapy. Both stably transduced @entity5 , generated using retrovirus-mediated ex vivo HSV-tk gene transfer and direct intratumoral adenovirus-mediated HSV-tk gene transfer of wild @entity5 , were tested. Similar treatments with LacZ containing retro- and adenoviruses were used as controls. The outcome was evaluated by imaging the @entity5 before and after the treatment with magnetic resonance imaging, and using histology, immunocytochemistry, and survival analysis. When implanted orthotopically into nude @entity19 kidneys, Caki-2 cells formed reproducible @entity703 . In vivo magnetic resonance imaging provided an important tool for the evaluation of @entity5 growth. Transduction @entity5 in vivo with adeno-LacZ was 22+/-14%. Significant @entity5 regression was achieved with direct intratumoral adeno-HSV-tk transduction followed by intraperitoneal @entity4540 (GCV) (P<.001). Also, the treatment of stably transduced @entity5 with intraperitoneal GCV resulted in a significant treatment response in the HSV-tk group as compared to the LacZ group (P<.009). Increased apoptosis and macrophage infiltrations, reduced proliferation, and degenerative changes were observed in the @entity5 treated with HSV-tk and GCV. Also, significant prolongation in survival was achieved with adeno-HSV-tk- and GCV-treated @entity19 as compared to the controls. It is concluded that adeno-HSV-tk gene therapy may be useful for the treatment of @entity1358 in vivo.

title: HSV-tk gene therapy for XXXX @entity1358 in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['type tumors', 'tumor', 'efficiency of wild-type tumors', 'Caki-2 tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity4540 :: ('MESH:D015774', 'Chemical') :: ['ganciclovir']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['cystic papillary kidney carcinomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Abstract Aim: Inguinal hernia is one of the most common surgical conditions in @entity1 and @entity1 . However, considerable debate exists regarding the role of @entity547 repair (herniorrhaphy) (LH) and its benefits over conventional open hernia repair (herniorrhaphy) ( @entity2145 ). The aim of this review is to analyze the current literature to determine the outcome of LH compared with @entity2145 . Materials and Methods: A literature search was performed on all studies published during the last 20 years, reporting on outcomes of @entity2145 and LH, in terms of operative time, recurrence rate and other complications, finding of rare @entity547 , and incidence of contralateral patency. The chi-squared or Fisher's exact test was used to analyze the results of the study. Results: Fifty-three studies matched our inclusion criteria. As for operative time, in @entity169 , there was no significant difference between LH and @entity2145 (P=.33). In contrast, in bilateral disease, LH is faster than @entity2145 (P=.01). As for the recurrence rate, no significant difference was observed between the two techniques (P=.66), whereas the rate of other complications was significantly higher for @entity2145 compared with LH (P=.001). Laparoscopy has the advantage to identify and treat rare @entity547 (direct, femoral, "en pantalon") that are never reported in articles focused on inguinal @entity2145 . In laparoscopic series, in the case of @entity547 , the incidence of contralateral patency varied between 19.9% and 66%. Conclusions: In this systematic review, it seems that LH is faster than @entity2145 for @entity547 , whereas there is no significant difference in terms of operative time for @entity169 . Recurrence rate is similar for both techniques. As for other complications such as @entity2737 , it is higher for @entity2145 compared with LH, especially in @entity1 . A prospective comparative study is necessary on this topic to strongly support the results of our systematic review.

title: Laparoscopic Versus Open @entity169 in Pediatric XXXX : A Systematic Review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infections']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernias', 'unilateral hernia', 'laparoscopic hernia', 'bilateral hernias']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral inguinal hernia repair']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Imexon is an @entity30383 -containing small molecule currently in Phase I clinical trials. This agent has been shown to bind to @entity1433 and increase intracellular oxidants, inducing apoptosis in @entity1583 cells. @entity788 are known to be sensitive to oxidation, suggesting this disease may be an appropriate target for this agent. The current report examines the activity of imexon in pancreatic cells. Imexon induced concentration-dependent and time-dependent apoptosis in a panel of six @entity1 @entity3123 cell (PCC) lines. The mean IC50 (SD) for growth inhibition by the SRB assay was 200 (101) microM for a 48 h exposure with a range of 64-358 microM. Cell killing was schedule-dependent, favoring exposure times > or =48 h. Imexon-treated MiaPaCa-2 cells underwent non-lethal growth arrest following exposure to concentrations < or =200 microM for 48 h. When concentrations were increased to 300 microM for > or =48 h, the MiaPaCa-2 cells arrested in G2 phase and activated caspases 3, 8, and 9 were detected. After a 72 h exposure to the IC80 concentration of imexon, cells exhibited a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential detected by CMXRos staining. However, there was no loss of reduced cellular thiols unless very high concentrations of > or =400 microM were used. In contrast, reactive @entity26 species (ROS) were elevated in a dose-dependent fashion, starting at very low imexon concentrations. Imexon also significantly inhibited MiaPaCa-2 @entity5 growth in @entity915 @entity19 at 100 mg/kg/d for 9 d. The @entity5 growth inhibition (% @entity14552 ) was 27% of control, and the @entity5 growth delay was 21 d, indicating an active agent by NCI standards. The levels of imexon that are cytotoxic in @entity1 PCC's are achievable based on the preliminary results of the ongoing Phase I trial. Imexon appears to be active against PCCs in vitro and has an entirely novel mechanism of action involving @entity1167 , accumulation of ROS, and the induction of apoptosis.

title: Induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by imexon in @entity1 XXXX cell lines.

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic cancers']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic cancer']

entities_list: @entity30383 :: ('MESH:C033132', 'Chemical') :: ['aziridine']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The effect of short-term and long-term use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on structural change is equivocal. The aim of this study was to estimate the extent to which short- and long-term use of prescription NSAIDs relieve symptoms and delay structural progression among @entity1 with radiographically confirmed @entity571 ( @entity571 ) of the knee. METHODS: We applied a new-user design among @entity1 with confirmed @entity571 not reporting NSAID use at the time of enrollment in the @entity571 Initiative. @entity1 were evaluated for changes in the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities @entity571 Index (WOMAC) subscales (n = 1,846) and joint space width was measured using serial radiographs and a customized software tool (n = 1,116) over 4 years. We used marginal structural modeling to estimate the effect of NSAIDs. RESULTS: Compared to @entity1 who never reported prescription NSAID use, those reporting use at 1 or 2 assessments had no clinically important changes, but those reporting prescription NSAID use at all 3 assessments had, on average, 0.88 point improvement over the followup period (95% confidence interval [95% CI] -0.46 to 2.22) in @entity158 , 0.72 point improvement (95% CI -0.12 to 1.56) in stiffness, and 4.27 points improvement (95% CI -0.31 to 8.84) in function. The average change in joint space width was 0.28 mm less among those reporting NSAID use at 3 assessments relative to nonusers (95% CI -0.06 to 0.62). Recent NSAID use findings were not clinically or statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Long-term, but not short-term, NSAID use was associated with an a priori-defined minimally important clinical change in stiffness, physical function, and joint space width, but not @entity158 . While showing modest clinical importance, the estimates did not reach statistical significance.

title: Effects of prescription nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on symptoms and disease progression among XXXX with knee osteoarthritis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Studies using @entity19 deficient in @entity6145 receptors (TR) indicate that the two TR isoforms, TRa1 and @entity28659 , in addition to mediating overlapping biological activities of the @entity6145 , T3, also mediate distinct functions. @entity19 harboring an identical dominant negative mutation (denoted PV) at the C terminus of TRa1 (Thra1(PV) @entity19 ) or b1 (Thrb(PV) @entity19 ) also exhibit distinct phenotypes. These knockin mutant @entity19 provide an opportunity to understand the molecular basis of isoform-dependent functions in vivo. Here we tested the hypothesis that the distinct functions of TR mutant isoforms are directed by a subset of nuclear regulatory proteins. Tandem-affinity chromatography of HeLa nuclear extracts showed that distinct 33 nuclear proteins including nuclear receptor corepressor ( @entity39062 ) and six other proteins preferentially associated with TRa1PV or TRb1PV, respectively. These results indicate that recruitment of nuclear regulatory proteins by TR mutants is subtype dependent. The involvement of @entity39062 in mediating the distinct liver phenotype of Thra1(PV) and Thrb(PV) @entity19 was further explored. @entity39062 preferentially interacted with TRa1PV rather than with TRb1PV. @entity39062 was recruited more avidly to the @entity6145 response element-bound TRa1PV than to @entity28659 PV in the promoter of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein a gene to repress its expression in the liver of Thra1(PV) @entity19 , but not in Thrb(PV) @entity19 . This preferential recruitment of @entity39062 by mutant isoforms could contribute, at least in part, to the distinct liver lipid phenotype of these mutant @entity19 . The present study highlights a novel mechanism by which TR isoforms direct their selective functions via preferential recruitment of a subset of nuclear coregulatory proteins.

title: Differential recruitment of nuclear coregulators directs the isoform-dependent action of mutant XXXX receptors.

entities_list: @entity6145 :: ('CHEBI:60311', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroid hormone']

answer: @entity6145 :: (CHEBI:60311,Chemical) :: ['thyroid hormone']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the mid-term outcomes of single-stage modified anterior sagittal anorectoplasty (ASARP) for @entity2463 with @entity292 . METHOD: Twenty-six @entity1 with @entity14592 underwent single-stage modified sphincter-saving ASARP between January 2008 and December 2012. The ages of the @entity1 at the time of operation ranged from 1  month to 5.1  years. Standard ASARP procedure was modified to avoid the incision of the external sphincter complex. Instead a potential tunnel was created through the center of external sphincter complex under the endoscopic guidance. The @entity1 were evaluated for fecal continence and complications. RESULT: Modified ASARP was successfully performed in all @entity1 . The mean operation time was 52.2      3.5  min (range 47-61  min). The operative @entity190 was minimal. There was no operative complication. @entity2737 occurred in 3 @entity1 (3/26, 11.5  %). All @entity1 were followed up for 4.2      1.5  years (range 2-6  years). No @entity1 developed @entity1241 . Three @entity1 (3/26, 11.5  %) had soiling once or twice per week. Four @entity1 (4/26, 15.4  %) had @entity1142 amenable to diet management. Mucosal prolapse occurred in 1 @entity1 (1/26, 3.8  %). There was no recurrence of @entity292 , @entity850 or anterior displacement of the neorectum. CONCLUSION: Mid-term results show that single-stage modified ASARP is an effective and safe option for @entity1 with @entity2463 and @entity292 .

title: The management of @entity2463 with XXXX : a single-stage modified anterior sagittal anorectoplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity2463 :: ('MESH:C537771', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal malformation']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['Wound infection']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular fistula', 'fistula', 'congenital vestibular fistula']

entities_list: @entity14592 :: ('MESH:D001006', 'Disease') :: ['congenital imperforate anus and vestibular fistula']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['anal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['congenital vestibular fistula']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background Current guidelines recommend initial treatment with anticoagulants at home in @entity1 with acute @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) and in @entity1 with low-risk @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) with adequate home circumstances. However, most of the @entity1 with @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) are currently hospitalized regardless of their risk of short-term complications. Aim of the study To assess the proportion of outpatients with acute @entity1211 initially treated in hospitals, to assess the mean duration of hospitalization, and to identify predictors for in-hospital or home treatment. Methods Data of Italian @entity1 enrolled in the RIETE registry from January 2006 to December 2013 were included. Results Altogether 766 @entity1151 and 1,452 isolated @entity1150 were included. Among @entity1151 @entity1 , mean PESI score was 84 points (SD 35), and 56% of @entity1 had a low-risk PESI score (<85). In all, 53.7% of @entity1150 and 17.0% of @entity1151 were entirely treated at home, and 38.2% of @entity1150 @entity1 and 19.9% of @entity1151 @entity1 were hospitalized for    <=5 days. On multivariate analysis, low PESI score was not independently associated with the hospitalization of @entity1151 @entity1 . Conclusions One in every two @entity1 with @entity1150 and five in every six with @entity1151 are still hospitalized. Key Messages A significant number of @entity1 with @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) are still hospitalized for the acute phase of the treatment despite current guidelines recommending initial treatment with anticoagulants at home in @entity1 with acute @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) and in @entity1 with low-risk @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) with adequate home circumstances.

title: Rate and duration of hospitalization for @entity1150 and XXXX in real-world clinical practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['acute venous thromboembolism', 'VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The high-affinity sigma receptor 1 (  R1) ligand @entity12586 ((+)- @entity17202 ) affords profound retinal neuroprotection in vitro and in vivo by a yet-unknown mechanism. A common feature of @entity989 is M  ller cell reactive gliosis, which includes cytokine release. Here, we investigated whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulates cytokine release by primary @entity19 M  ller cells and whether (+)- @entity17202 alters release. Using a highly sensitive inflammatory antibody array we observed significant release of macrophage inflammatory proteins (MIP1y, @entity9701 , @entity13948 ) and interleukin-12 (IL12 ( @entity12782 / @entity11000 )) in LPS-treated cells compared to controls, and a significant decrease in secretion upon (+)- @entity17202 treatment. M  ller cells from   R1 knockout @entity19 demonstrated increased MIP1y, @entity9701 , @entity13948 and IL12 ( @entity12782 / @entity11000 ) secretion when exposed to LPS compared to LPS-stimulated WT cells. We investigated whether cytokine secretion was accompanied by cytosolic-to-nuclear NFkB translocation and whether endothelial cell adhesion/migration was altered by released cytokines. Cells exposed to LPS demonstrated increased NFkB nuclear location, which was reduced significantly in (+)- @entity17202 -treated cells. Media conditioned by LPS-stimulated-M  ller cells induced leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and endothelial cell migration, which was attenuated by @entity17202 treatment. The findings suggest that release of certain inflammatory cytokines by M  ller cells can be attenuated by   R1 ligands providing insights into the retinal neuroprotective role of this receptor. A common feature of @entity989 is M  ller cell reactive gliosis, which includes cytokine release. To understand how sigma receptor 1 (  R1) mediates neuroprotection, we examined the effects of a high-affinity   R1 ligand, @entity12586 , on LPS-stimulated cytokine release in primary @entity19 retinal M  ller glial cells. Under basal conditions, cytokine release was minimal. LPS stimulation markedly increased secretion of the cytokines MIP1y, @entity9701 , @entity13948 , IL12 ( @entity12782 / @entity11000 ), which was accompanied by a significant translocation of NFkB from cytoplasm to the nucleus. LPS-treatment in the presence of @entity12586 markedly decreased cytokine release accompanied by a significant decrease in NFkB localized to the nucleus. IL, interleukin; MIP, macrophage inflammatory proteins.

title: Sigma receptor 1 activation attenuates release of inflammatory cytokines MIP1y, @entity9701 , XXXX , and IL12 ( @entity12782 / @entity11000 ) by retinal M  ller glial cells.

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal disease']

answer: @entity13948 :: (20297(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['MIP3a']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Highland areas with naturally less intense malaria transmission may provide models of how lowland areas might become if transmission was permanently reduced by sustained vector control. It has been argued that vector control should not be attempted in areas of intense transmission. METHODS: Mosquitoes were sampled with light traps, pyrethrum spray and window exit traps. They were tested by ELISA for sporozoites. Incidence of @entity281 was measured by clearing existing infections from @entity1 with @entity68989 and then taking weekly blood samples. Prevalence of @entity281 and fever, @entity417 and @entity381 were measured in @entity1 of different age groups. All these measurements were made in highland and lowland areas of Tanzania before and after provision of bednets treated with @entity5179 . RESULTS: Entomological inoculation rates (EIR) were about 17 times greater in a lowland than a highland area, but incidence of @entity281 only differed by about 2.5 times. @entity311 morbidity was significantly less prevalent in the highlands than the lowlands. Treated nets in the highlands and lowlands led to 69-75% reduction in EIR. @entity311 morbidity showed significant decline in younger @entity1 at both altitudes after introduction of treated nets. In @entity1 aged 6-12 the decline was only significant in the highlands CONCLUSIONS: There was no evidence that the health benefits to young @entity1 due to the nets in the lowlands were "paid for" by poorer health later in life. Our data support the idea of universal provision of treated nets, not a focus on areas of natural hypo-endemicity.

title: Variation of malaria transmission and morbidity with altitude in Tanzania and with introduction of XXXX treated nets.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity5179 :: ('MESH:C017160', 'Chemical') :: ['alphacypermethrin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'malaria infection']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity68989 :: ('MESH:C519882', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorproguanil-dapsone']

answer: @entity5179 :: (MESH:C017160,Chemical) :: ['alphacypermethrin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We previously demonstrated that a combination of mild @entity706 ( @entity706 ) with selective depletion of the host's donor-reactive cells allows for stable and @entity2132 ( @entity2132 )-free engraftment of allogeneic bone marrow (BM). In this study, we investigated the efficacy of this nonmyeloablative strategy for BM transplantation (BMT) as immunotherapy for @entity41 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: BALB/c @entity19 inoculated with @entity1778 ( @entity1896 ) or @entity0 (4T1) cells were conditioned for BMT with @entity706 (200 cGy) followed by priming with donor (C57BL/6) BM cells on day 1, and by injection with 200 mg/kg @entity786 on day 2. After conditioning (day 3), recipients were transplanted with BM cells from the same donor. Treated animals were monitored for 230 days for survival, development of @entity1778 /solid @entity5 , and @entity2132 . RESULTS: BMT converted the @entity19 to complete chimeras and prevented development of @entity1778 in 90% of recipients and locally growing @entity0 in 40% of the @entity19 . Immunization of donors of the second BM with 4T1 cells prevented development of @entity0 in 80% of 4T1 inoculated @entity19 . Fewer animals treated for @entity5 by nonmyeloablative BMT died of @entity2132 than those treated by myeloablative BMT. However, late @entity2132 -related mortality in @entity19 treated for @entity1778 was higher than after nonmyeloablative BMT to naive recipients (p < 0.00001). Infusion of host-type anti-donor immune lymphocytes 8 days after BMT improved the survival of recipients treated for @entity1778 without affecting engraftment and the graft-vs- @entity1778 potential of donor BM. CONCLUSIONS: Effective eradication of malignant cells can be achieved following allogeneic BMT after nonmyeloablative conditioning.

title: Nonmyeloablative allogeneic bone marrow transplantation as immunotherapy for hematologic malignancies and metastatic XXXX in preclinical models.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['minimal residual disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['TLI', 'total lymphoid irradiation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-vs-host disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['solid tumors']


abstract: A minority of @entity1 with @entity3686 develop @entity8 in their allografts after renal transplantation. Clinically, the @entity8 appears indistinguishable from @entity8 , in which the target of autoantibodies had been identified as the NC1 domain of the alpha 3 chain of type IV collagen, alpha 3(IV)NC1. However, in the majority of cases, @entity3686 is due to mutations in the gene encoding the alpha 5 chain of type IV collagen, located on the X chromosome. Neither chain is detectable in the @entity631 ( @entity631 ) of most @entity1 with @entity3686 . We investigated the targets of the alloantibodies of 12 @entity3686 @entity1 who developed post-transplant @entity8 by Western blotting onto recombinant NC1 domains made in insect cells. Binding to these antigens, for both typical @entity7860 and @entity3686 anti- @entity631 antibodies, was strong and conformation-sensitive. Nine antibodies showed selective binding to alpha 5(IV)NC1. This specificity was confirmed by the demonstration of binding to a 26 kDa band of collagenase-solubilized @entity1 @entity631 , and/or binding to normal epidermal as well as renal basement membranes by indirect immunofluorescence. One antibody showed binding to alpha 5 and alpha 3(IV)NC1, while two showed predominant binding to alpha 3(IV)NC1. All seven @entity1 whose pedigree or mutation analysis showed X-linked inheritance had predominant anti-alpha 5 reactivity. One with predominant anti-alpha 3 reactivity had a @entity19787 mutation. These findings show that human @entity8 can be associated with antibodies directed towards different molecular targets. Alpha 5(IV)NC1 is the primary target in most @entity1 with @entity3686 who develop post-transplant @entity8 .

title: Targets of alloantibodies in XXXX after renal transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease', "Goodpasture's disease of native kidneys", 'anti-GBM disease']

entities_list: @entity3686 :: ('MESH:D009394', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked Alport syndrome', 'Alport', 'Alport syndrome']

entities_list: @entity7860 :: ('MESH:D019867', 'Disease') :: ['Goodpasture']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular basement membrane', 'GBM']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Alport anti-glomerular basement membrane disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We analyzed data in the literature in comparison with experience at the Department of @entity5 and Oral pathology of the Stomatology and Maxillo-Facial Surgery division of la @entity9574  tri  re Hospital on @entity1613 of the oral mucosa, in order to establish definitions and describe epidemiological, clinical, histological findings as well as natural history and treatment outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three literature sources were analyzed: Medline and Current Contents searches, books and references listed in articles. The following key words were used and classed into three groups; 1) oral mucosa, epidemiology, @entity1613 , @entity5 , leucoplakia, @entity8619 , @entity50656 , verrucous, @entity10212 , candidosis, immunodepression, 2) oral mucosa, @entity5 markers, carcinogens, keratin, keratinocytes, gene, nuclear proteins, @entity876 protein, Ki-67 antigen, 3) oral mucosa, therapy, prevention, nutrients. The period chosen ran from 1980 to 1998. This automatic literature search was completed by systematic manual search of summaries in specialized journals published in 1997-1998. The lists of references in the identified articles were consulted and furnished the principal publications concerning @entity1613 . In all 383 references were selected and analyzed by level of scientific proof. Among these 135 are cited in the text. If data in the literature were insufficient, the physicians at the Department of @entity5 and Oral pathology of the Stomatology and Maxillo-Facial Surgery division of La @entity9574  tri  re Hospital were consulted to provide their experience-based recommendations. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Clear and practical definitions drawn from current knowledge were adopted. @entity1613 were distinguished from precancerous states. @entity1613 included chronic lesions of the oral cavity on which @entity5 of the oral cavity is known to develop. These were: leucoplakia, @entity8619 , @entity50656 , @entity75 , @entity15608 , @entity82 , @entity55966 , and @entity1064 . The precancerous states included @entity5 occasionally observed in the oral cavity: immunodepression and @entity18393 were analyzed. Epidemiological, clinical, histological, and evolutive data as well as therapeutic strategies were described. A decisional algorithm was elaborated for leucoplakia. The text was enriched with images available in the Department. CONCLUSION: @entity1613 of the oral mucosa offer a particularly interesting area of research for understanding the process of @entity5 formation and its prevention. The level of scientific proof available in the large majority of the published reports is low. Few recent publications provide relevant data. In practice, the experience in the management of @entity5 and @entity1613 of the oral mucosa accumulated over the last 40 years at the Department of @entity5 and Oral pathology of the Stomatology and Maxillo-Facial Surgery division of la @entity9574  tri  re Hospital provides an invaluable source of information.

title: [ XXXX of the buccal mucosa].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'Cancer', 'malignant transformation, dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['papillomatous lesions']

entities_list: @entity55966 :: ('MESH:C537526', 'Disease') :: ['keratotic candidosis']

entities_list: @entity1064 :: ('MESH:C536774', 'Disease') :: ['tertiary syphilis']

entities_list: @entity15608 :: ('MESH:C535669', 'Disease') :: ['actinic cheilitis']

entities_list: @entity18393 :: ('MESH:D011004', 'Disease') :: ['Plummer Vinson syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesions of the buccal mucosa', 'precancerous lesions', 'Precancerous lesions']

entities_list: @entity8619 :: ('MESH:D017676', 'Disease') :: ['oral lichen planus']

entities_list: @entity50656 :: ('MESH:D004919', 'Disease') :: ['erythroplasia']

answer: @entity1613 :: (MESH:D011230,Disease) :: ['Precancerous lesions']


abstract: Isolated sternal @entity174 are seen with an increasing frequency in traffic road accidents especially after the introduction of the seatbelt legislation. In most cases, the victims are young, otherwise healthy individuals. The medical records of all @entity1 who were treated with a diagnosis of sternal @entity174 over the past 10 years were retrospectively reviewed. All @entity1 with a radiologic diagnosis of sternal @entity174 were admitted for cardiac monitoring for at least 24 hours. ECG, determinations of cardiac enzyme levels CK (creatinephosphokinase) and CK-MB and evaluation by a cardiologist were routinely performed. An echocardiography was performed when indicated by the cardiologist. A total of 86 @entity1 had sustained a sternal @entity174 during the 10-year study period. There were 39 males and 47 females with a mean age of 50 years (range 15-97 years). Serial 12-lead electrocardiograms, which were performed in 83 (97%) @entity1 , revealed no information about @entity296 or @entity943 with consequent therapy. In eight @entity1 , a significant elevation in cardiac enzyme levels (elevation of CK-MB fraction above 10% of CK) was observed. All were normalized within 24 hours without development of any @entity943 . Echocardiography was performed in 31 @entity1 . In two @entity1 , @entity910 of the right ventricle (without enzyme elevations or @entity943 ) was observed. Within 24 hours these @entity854 resolved. The cardiac rhythm was monitored in 61 (71%) @entity1 for a total of 1550 hours. No @entity943 were observed. The cardiac enzyme studies, ECG and echocardiography revealed no consequent information about @entity943 . In case of a sternal @entity174 , we recommend a chest X-ray to exclude other associated @entity130 . If no @entity854 are identified, admission to hospital is not necessary.

title: @entity296 as a result of isolated sternal XXXX : a fact or a myth?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial contusion']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['intrathoracic injuries']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: Endothelial cells (TEC3 cells) derived from @entity19 embryonic stem (ES) cells were used as seed cells to construct blood vessels. Tissue engineered blood vessels were made by seeding 8 106 smooth muscle cells (SMCs) obtained from @entity95 arteries onto a sheet of nonwoven @entity6886 ( @entity6987 ) fibers, which was used as a biodegradable polymer scaffold. After being cultured in DMEM medium for 7 days in vitro, SMCs grew well on the @entity6987 fibers, and the cell- @entity6987 sheet was then wrapped around a @entity6619 tube, and implanted subcutaneously into @entity19 . After 6~8 weeks, the @entity6619 tube was replaced with another @entity6619 tube in smaller diameter, and then the TEC3 cells (endothelial cells differentiated from @entity19 ES cells) were injected inside the engineered vessel tube as the test group. In the control group only culture medium was injected. Five days later, the engineered vessels were harvested for gross observation, histological and immunohistochemical analysis. The preliminary results demonstrated that the SMC- @entity6987 construct could form a tubular structure in 6~8 weeks and @entity6987 fibers were completely degraded. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the newly formed tissue revealed a typical blood vessel structure, including a lining of endothelial cells (ECs) on the lumimal surface and the presence of SMC and collagen in the wall. No EC lining was found in the tubes of control group. Therefore, the ECs differentiated from @entity19 ES cells can serve as seed cells for endothelium lining in tissue engineered blood vessels.

title: Tissue engineering of blood vessels with endothelial cells differentiated from XXXX embryonic stem cells.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity6886 :: ('CHEBI:53492', 'Chemical') :: ['polyglycolic acid']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Switching between antipsychotic medications is common in the treatment of @entity161 . However, data on clinical and economic outcomes from antipsychotic switching, in particular acute care service use, is fairly limited. The goal of this research was to assess the clinical and economic ramifications of switching antipsychotics during outpatient management of @entity161 . METHODS: Data from a 1-year randomized, open-label cost-effectiveness study involving typical and atypical antipsychotics were assessed. The study protocol permitted switching of antipsychotics when clinically warranted. The risk of crisis-related events, use of acute-care services, and the time to the initial use of such services were determined in outpatients who switched antipsychotics compared with those who continued with their initial medications. Health care resource utilization data were abstracted from medical records and other sources (e.g., @entity1 self-report), and direct costs were estimated using previously published benchmarks. RESULTS: Almost one-third of @entity1 (29.3%) underwent a switch from their initial antipsychotic agent, with an average duration of 100 days before such treatment alterations. Compared with their counterparts who remained on their initial therapies, individuals who switched antipsychotics experienced a significantly higher risk of acute-care services, including hospitalization (p = .013) and crisis services (p = .011). @entity1 undergoing medication switches also used acute-care services significantly sooner (p = .004) and accrued an additional  3,000 (a 25% increase) in annual total health care costs per @entity1 , most of which was due to acute-care expenditures. CONCLUSION: Switching antipsychotic medications was found to be associated with considerably poorer clinical and economic outcomes, as reflected by, more frequent and more rapid use of acute-care services compared with @entity1 remaining on their initial treatments. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Trial ID 2325 in LillyTrials.com (also accessible via ClinicalStudyResults.org).

title: Clinical and economic ramifications of switching antipsychotics in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: The HPLC method was established to simultaneously determine the contents of @entity3091 , @entity19812 , @entity15476 and @entity15605 in Wikstroemia indica ( L. ) C. A. Mey. The method was carried out on a Diamonsil C18 column (4. 6 mm x 250 mm, 5   m) eluted with the mobile phases of water containing 0.15% @entity8718 and @entity1626 in gradient mode. The UV detection wavelength was 365 nm. The flow rate was 1.0 mL    @entity1009 ) and the column temperature was set at 30   C. All the standard compounds showed a good linearity in the range of 0.100 8-1.008 (r = 0.999 2), 0.484 8-4.848 (r = 0.999 0) , 1. 354-13. 54 (r = 0.999 6), 0.316 8-3.168 mg    L(-1) (r = 0.999 0) for @entity3091 , @entity19812 , @entity15476 and @entity15605 , respectively. The average recoveries of these four @entity3088 were 98.5%, 100.9%, 99.7% and 98.9% with RSD 1.2%, 1.7%, 0.81% and 1.6%, respectively. In conclusion, the method is simple, rapid and accurate. It can be applied for the quality control of Wikstroemia indica.

title: [Simultaneous determination of four XXXX in Wikstroemia indica by HPLC].

entities_list: @entity8718 :: ('MESH:C030242', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoric acid']

entities_list: @entity3091 :: ('MESH:C040015', 'Chemical') :: ['myricetin']

entities_list: @entity15605 :: ('MESH:C006552', 'Chemical') :: ['kaempferol']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoids']

answer: @entity3088 :: (MESH:D005419,Chemical) :: ['flavonoids']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: Injuries to the spinal cord are not only dreaded because of the high risks existing during the acute phase, but also because of their potential long-term sequelae. Horseback riding also poses a high risk of @entity3510 . We therefore evaluated the most frequent characteristics of accidents leading to long-term sequelae, the primary long-term discomfort resulting from such injuries caused by horseback riding accidents and the way injured @entity1 changed their behaviour after the accidents. @entity1 : Our study included all cases of horseback riding injuries registered in the Department of @entity130 , Hand, Plastic and Restorative Surgery at the University Hospital of Ulm between May 2005 and October 2012. Sequelae of the accidents were examined via follow-up interviews by phone. These included questions about protective gear worn during the accident as well as behavioural changes after the injury. In addition, a spine-specific questionnaire based on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to assess long-term complications. Results: Overall, we recorded 50 cases of @entity3510 caused by horseback riding accidents over a time span of 7 years and 5 months. 41 (82%) of the @entity1 were female and 9 (18%) were male. The average @entity1 age was 32.0  15.2 years. All in all, the 50 @entity1 sustained 84 injuries: 59 @entity174 and 25 other injuries such as distorsions or discoligamentous injuries. Most injuries were located in the lumbar spine (n=43), corresponding to 51% of all recorded injuries, followed by 32% in the thoracic spine (n=27) and 17% in the cervical spine (n=14). After sustaining a @entity174 to the spine, 9 out of 24 @entity1 quit horseback riding. All @entity1 used a helmet after the accident, but only 7 out of 15 used back protection. 11 out of 24 @entity1 suffer from @entity615 while resting with a mean VAS score of 3.4  1.9. More than half (17 out of 24) have @entity615 while working with a VAS score of 4.8  2.2. Conclusion: The frequency and severity of @entity13400 sustained by horseback riders increases with age. This can be due to various reasons such as biomechanical factors. The low acceptance of back protection is remarkable.

title: [Impact of XXXX in Horseback Riding].

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['spinal injuries']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity13400 :: ('MESH:D019567', 'Disease') :: ['back injuries']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Spinal Fractures']


abstract: CONTEXT: Widespread screening of @entity1 with @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) for thrombophilic risk factors has become common clinical practice. Because of the increasing number of risk factors, assessing the risk of recurrence in an individual @entity1 is intricate; therefore, a laboratory method that measures multifactorial @entity49 is required. OBJECTIVE: To prospectively study the relationship between the risk of recurrent @entity1211 and D-dimer, a global marker of coagulation activation and fibrinolysis. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Prospective cohort study of 610 @entity1 older than 18 years who were treated with oral anticoagulants for at least 3 months with a first spontaneous @entity1211 , in whom D-dimer levels were measured shortly after discontinuation of oral anticoagulation. The study was conducted at the Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, Vienna, Austria. @entity1 entered the study at time of discontinuation of oral anticoagulants and were observed at 3-month intervals during the first year and every 6 months thereafter from July 1992 to October 2002. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Objectively documented symptomatic recurrent @entity1211 . RESULTS: A total of 79 (13%) of 610 @entity1 had recurrent @entity1211 with a mean observation time of 38 months. @entity1 with recurrence had significantly higher D-dimer levels compared with those without recurrence (553 ng/mL vs 427 ng/mL, P =.01). Compared with @entity1 with D-dimer levels of 750 ng/mL or higher, the relative risk (RR) of recurrence was 0.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.3-1.4), 0.6 (95% CI, 0.3-1.2), and 0.3 (95% CI, 0.1-0.6) in @entity1 with D-dimer levels of 500 to 749 ng/mL, 250 to 499 ng/mL, and less than 250 ng/mL, respectively. The cumulative probability of recurrent @entity1211 at 2 years was 3.7% (95% CI, 0.9%-6.5%) among @entity1 with D-dimer levels of less than 250 ng/mL compared with 11.5% (95% CI, 8.0%-15.0%) among @entity1 with higher levels (P =.001). @entity1 with D-dimer levels of less than 250 ng/mL had a 60% lower RR of recurrence compared with @entity1 with higher levels (RR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2-0.8). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with a first spontaneous @entity1211 and a D-dimer level of less than 250 ng/mL after withdrawal of oral anticoagulation have a low risk of @entity1211 recurrence.

title: D-dimer levels and risk of recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophilia']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous thromboembolism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Elevated physical activity has been observed in some @entity1 with @entity1278 ( @entity1278 ) despite their emaciated condition. However, its effects on treatment outcome remain unclear. This study aimed to examine objectively measured physical activity in this clinical population and how it might be related to a partial hospitalization therapy response, after considering potential confounders. METHOD: The sample comprised 88 @entity1278 @entity1 consecutively enrolled in a day hospital treatment program, and 116 healthy-weight controls. All @entity1 were female and a baseline assessment took place using an accelerometer (Actiwatch AW7) to measure physical activity, the @entity1277 Inventory-2 and the @entity308 subscale of the Symptom Checklist-Revised. Outcome was evaluated upon the termination of the treatment program by expert clinicians. RESULTS: Although @entity1278 @entity1 and controls did not differ in the average time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (P=.21), nor daytime physical activity (P=.34), fewer @entity1278 @entity1 presented a high physical activity profile compared to the controls (37% vs. 61%, respectively; P=.014). Both lower levels of MVPA and greater eating disorder severity had a direct effect on a poor treatment outcome. @entity308 symptoms in the @entity1 were associated with lower MVPA, as well as with an older age, a shorter duration of the @entity1277 psychopathology. CONCLUSIONS: There is a notable variation in the physical activity profile of @entity1278 @entity1 , characterized by either low or very high patterns. Physical activity is a highly relevant issue in @entity1278 that must be taken into account during the treatment process.

title: Physical XXXX : How relevant is it to therapy response?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['disorder and greater eating disorder', 'Eating Disorders']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa', 'AN']

answer: @entity1278 :: (MESH:D000856,Disease) :: ['activity in anorexia nervosa']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Long term effects of perineal @entity937 pose a major worldwide health issue for @entity1 during delivery. Since @entity6981 is related to major obstacles in obstetrics the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between @entity6981 and the occurrence of perineal @entity937 during vaginal delivery. METHODS: Between June 2013 and December 2013 pregnant @entity1 delivering after 37 weeks were recruited at one University hospital / tertiary care referral center in the course of this single-center, prospective cohort study. @entity6981 was assessed according to Nugent score method. Logistic-regression model was used to estimate odds ratios, adjusted for other risk factors to test the relationship between @entity6981 and the occurrence of 1st to 4th degree perineal @entity937 in @entity1 undergoing vaginal delivery. RESULTS: A total of 728 @entity1 were included, 662 analyzed with a complete Nugent Score of the vaginal swab. The prevalence of 1st to 4th degree perineal @entity937 was 35.8% (95% Confidence Interval (95%CI) = [32.2; 39.6]). The presence of BV was not significantly associated to the incidence of perineal @entity937 neither in the univariate analysis (crude Odds Ratio = 1.43; 95%CI = [0.79; 2.60]; p = 0.235) nor in the multivariate analysis (adjusted Odds Ratio = 1.65; 95%CI = [0.81; 3.36]; p = 0.167). Instrumental delivery was the most important risk factor for perineal lacerations. CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence that @entity6981 is a risk factor for vaginal @entity937 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov N   NCT01822782.

title: Impact of XXXX on Perineal Tears during Delivery: A Prospective Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity6981 :: ('MESH:D016585', 'Disease') :: ['Bacterial vaginosis', 'vaginosis', 'bacterial vaginosis']

answer: @entity6981 :: (MESH:D016585,Disease) :: ['Bacterial Vaginosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Preclinical studies have demonstrated significant @entity5 cell death when @entity136 is combined with radiation therapy. The optimal mode for concomitant delivery of drug and radiation therapy remains to be determined. A phase I/II study was undertaken to establish the maximum tolerated dose of infusional @entity136 when combined with radiation therapy in advanced @entity344 and to assess the response to treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 with advanced or recurrent @entity344 were entered in this dose-escalation study. The initial dose of @entity136 was 50 mg/m2 as a 24-hour continuous intravenous infusion given weekly x 3 with concurrent radiation therapy. The @entity1 were given a week off chemotherapy after the third injection. The radiation therapy was continued during that week. @entity136 was thereafter resumed weekly for another 3 weeks or until the @entity1 completed the radiation therapy (whichever was earlier). Five @entity1 were treated at each dose level. The dose of the drug was escalated in increments of 50 mg/m2 if the @entity137 was acceptable at the previous level until the maximum tolerated dose was established. Thirteen @entity1 with advanced unresectable @entity14 and 12 @entity1 with advanced unresectable @entity5 were enrolled on the study. Radiation was delivered at 180 cGy/fraction to a total dose of 4000 cGy +/- boost. Because @entity137 was severe at the 150 mg/m2 dose level, three additional @entity1 were entered at this dose level. The dose was then dropped to 125 mg/m2, and five more @entity1 were entered at this dose level. Two additional @entity1 were then added in order to assess @entity137 . @entity1 follow-up ranged from 4 to 22 months, and the median was 8 months. RESULTS: All @entity1 were evaluable for @entity137 . The doses of 50 and 100 mg/m2 were well tolerated, but at 150 mg/m2, six of eight @entity1 experienced grade 3 or greater @entity137 . The dose was de-escalated to 125 mg/m2, and three of seven @entity1 showed grade 3 @entity294 and @entity353 . Clinical @entity5 response was evaluable in 20 @entity1 . Ten @entity1 had a complete clinical response (50%), five @entity1 had a partial response (25%), three @entity1 had no response, and two @entity1 had progression of disease. No @entity1 experienced late @entity137 related to either @entity136 administration or radiation therapy. Twelve @entity1 are currently alive. CONCLUSION: Based on these results, it appears that the maximum tolerated dose for weekly 24-hour infusion of @entity136 combined with radiation therapy is 100 mg/m2. @entity136 appears to be a potent radiation sensitizer, and when combined with radiation therapy, it has shown encouraging @entity5 responses. In this study, we found an overall response rate of 75% in @entity1 with locally advanced stage of disease. Further evaluation of @entity136 at 100 mg/m2 is being undertaken in preparation for a confirmatory multi-institutional phase II study.

title: Concurrent infusional XXXX and radiation in the treatment of advanced unresectable @entity5 : a phase I study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'pancreaticobiliary cancers', 'synergistic tumor']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal malignancies', 'gastrointestinal malignancy']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the advantages of parietal approach compared to Kocher's point approach for spontaneous, oval-shaped @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ) with expansion to the parietal region. METHODS: We divided @entity1 into two groups : group A had burr holes in the parietal bone and group B had burr holes at Kocher's point. The @entity1410 volume, Glasgow @entity772 scale (GCS) score, and modified Barthel Index (mBI) score were calculated. At discharge, we evaluated the @entity1 ' Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) score, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score, motor grade, and hospitalization duration. We evaluated the @entity1 ' mBI scores and motor grades at 6 months after surgery. RESULTS: The @entity1410 volume in group A was significantly less than that in group B on postoperative days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21. Group A had significantly higher GCS scores than did group B on postoperative days 1 and 3. Group A had higher mBI scores postoperatively than did group B, but the scores were not significantly different. No differences were observed for the GOS score, mRS score, motor grade at discharge, or duration of hospitalization. The mBI score of group A at 6 months after surgery was significantly higher, and more @entity1 in group A showed muscle strength improvement. CONCLUSION: In oval-shaped @entity1779 with expansion to the parietal region, the parietal approach is considered to improve the clinical symptoms at the acute phase by removing the @entity1410 more effectively in the early stages. The parietal approach might help promote the long-term recovery of motor power.

title: Stereotactic XXXX Removal of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage through Parietal Approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['ICH', 'intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1410 :: (MESH:D006406,Disease) :: ['Hematoma']


abstract: In exposing @entity174 for @entity353 with coronal, subciliary, subtarsal, and upper buccal sulcus approaches, the supraorbital and infraorbital nerves are susceptible to injury. The location of the supraorbital and infraorbital nerves can be predicted by palpating for the supraorbital notch. Significant @entity4 as seen with @entity174 can make these prominent bony landmarks difficult to palpate, however. The purpose of this study was to determine a method to predict the location of the supraorbital and infraorbital nerves in the face of frontal and periorbital @entity4 when the supraorbital and infraorbital nerves are not palpable. The supraorbital and infraorbital nerves were identified in 14 cadaver heads. The orbital width from the medial to lateral canthus was measured. The distance of the vertical vector of the supraorbital and infraorbital nerves from the medial canthus was measured along this horizontal vector of the orbit. The distance of the infraorbital nerve from the infraorbital rim was measured. The orbital width measured 42.2 +/- 1.6 mm from the medial to lateral canthus. The vertical vector of the supraorbital nerve measured 15.9 +/- 1.1 mm from the medial canthus along the horizontal vector of the orbit. The vertical vector of the infraorbital verve measured 16.8 +/- 1.4 mm from the medial canthus along the horizontal vector of the orbit. The infraorbital nerve measured 9.8 +/- 1.0 mm inferior to the infraorbital rim. The medial one third of the orbit measured 14.1 mm. Therefore, the supraorbital and infraorbital nerves are located approximately along the medial third of the orbit, with the upper bound of 95% confidence at 3.1 mm. The location of the supraorbital and infraorbital nerves can be predicted by the previous landmark ratio to within 3 mm.

title: XXXX approaches with landmark ratios to predict the location of the infraorbital and supraorbital nerves: an anatomic study.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['reduction and fixation']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['facial fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Facial fracture']