abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1956 remains the most common transfusion-transmitted @entity1800 . We explored the current status of pre-transfusion screening and post-transfusion follow-up testing for @entity1956 virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies (anti-HBs) in blood recipients from an area of high @entity97 endemicity. METHODS: A total of 7,780 blood recipients were transfused with at least 1 unit of blood component at a single university hospital in Korea between January 2006 and December 2009. Their medical records were reviewed, and their demographic and transfusion-related data were analyzed. RESULTS: Pre-transfusion HBsAg and anti-HBs levels were tested in 77.6% (6,037/7,780) of the recipients. The results varied widely according to recipient age. In all, 32.8% (1,982/6,037) of the recipients who were tested had dual negative pre-transfusion results for HBsAg and anti-HBs and, therefore, were at increased risk of @entity97 transmission. Post-transfusion follow-up testing for HBsAg and/or anti-HBs was performed in 22% (436/1,982) of the increased-risk group. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that current transfusion-related laboratory testing practice is not sufficient to properly investigate possible post-transfusion infections. Routine laboratory tests, including HBsAg and anti-HBs, should be recommended in transfusion guidelines.

title: Pre- and post-transfusion testing for XXXX virus surface antigen and antibody in blood recipients: a single-institution experience in an area of high endemicity.

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatitis B', 'hepatitis B']

answer: @entity1956 :: (MESH:D006509,Disease) :: ['hepatitis B']


abstract: This article presents a case of undiagnosed sesamoid @entity625 with coexisting @entity1795 . A 25-year-old @entity1 presented with a 2-year history of metacarpophalangeal joint @entity158 and triggering of the thumb. She was a right-handed bank employee and recalled a @entity6475 . The @entity158 improved slightly while on medication, but the triggering recurred 1 month after the @entity134 injection. Six months after the first visit, she underwent A1 pulley release surgery for the triggering without a more detailed evaluation such as radiographs or sonographs. Intraoperatively, no definite @entity1795 were observed. The triggering resolved, but the @entity158 persisted. One month postoperatively, a repeat physical examination was performed, and the @entity158 region was localized to the radial sesamoid area. Radiography was then performed, which showed joint space narrowing of the sesamoid metacarpal head and @entity3808 changes and spur formation on the metacarpal head. An additional diagnosis of sesamoid @entity625 of the thumb was made and the @entity158 finally resolved as a result of the sesamoidectomy. Orthopedic surgeons often overlook pathologies around the metacarpophalangeal joint, especially those related to triggering. A high index of suspicion and clinical findings consistent with intermittent mechanical obstruction and @entity925 in the palmar aspect of the metacarpophalangeal joint warrant inclusion of sesamoid @entity625 as a differential diagnosis for metacarpophalangeal joint pathology. Detailed physical examinations should be performed and proper radiographs taken in all @entity1 with @entity925 in the metacarpophalangeal joint even if triggering of the thumb is present.

title: Sesamoid XXXX mimicking @entity1795 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity3808 :: ('MESH:C538213', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotic']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['trivial thumb sprain']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness']

entities_list: @entity1795 :: ('MESH:D052582', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in the fibrous flexor sheath or flexor tendon', 'trigger thumb']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It was already documented, by many investigators, that @entity5052 presents an important factor in the development of essential arterial @entity101 . The goal of this study was to examine correlation between serum @entity414 levels in @entity1 with essential arterial @entity101 and index of @entity1372 sensitivity, as the main parameter of salt-sensitive @entity101 . DESIGN AND METHOD: The investigation included 236 @entity1 of both sexes. Clinical group included 178 of @entity1 , mean age 59  18.2 years, with at least 5 years of @entity101 history and preserved kidney function. They were divided into 2 subgroups according to the serum @entity414 levels. Control group involved 58 healthy volunteers, who were age and sex matched with the clinic group. The levels of serum @entity414 were measured spectrophotometrically. @entity1372 sensitivity index was assessed as the main parameter of salt sensitive @entity101 . It was calculated as the difference in 24hours @entity1372 excretion between period of @entity1372 rich diet (250mmol/24hours) and @entity1372 lean diet (50mmol/24hours), divided by mean arterial pressure, measured twice respectively. RESULTS: First clinical subgroup had 95 @entity1 , with normal @entity414 serum values (256  35 mol/l), and the second subgroup had 83 @entity1 , with significant increase of @entity414 serum values (572  49 mol/l; p<0.01). @entity1372 sensitivity index in the first subgroup had normal values (0.026  0.005), and in a second subgroup was significantly higher (0.078  0.02; p<0.01). We found a high positive correlation (r=0.721, p<0.01) between an increase in serum @entity414 level and salt-sensitivity index in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity5052 and salt-sensitivity index correlate highly, therefore serum @entity414 levels may be used as diagnostic parameters of salt-sensitive arterial @entity101 in the population of @entity1 with essential @entity101 .

title: 9A.02: XXXX SENSITIVE HYPERTENSION: CAN IT BE ASSESSED BY MEASURING @entity414 LEVELS?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1372 :: ('MESH:D012964', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium', 'sodium']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia', 'Hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['SODIUM']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although previous studies have shown that the @entity1 frontal cortex is involved in the experience of emotions as well as in social behavior, data regarding the exact anatomical substrates of behavioral and affective @entity75 pathologies are still scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolic correlates of these deficits in a group of non-selected consecutive @entity1 with @entity75 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Clinicometabolic correlations between several emotional and social parameters and metabolic patterns in the frontal cortex and amygdala were investigated in 32 @entity1 with frontal lobe pathologies. The behavioral disturbances were evaluated using the Lhermitte's informant questionnaire. Regional cerebral @entity413 metabolism was measured with @entity419 and high-resolution positron emission tomography. Statistical analysis was performed using both single variable correlation and multiple regression analyses. RESULTS: Both single variable and multivariate analyses demonstrate that decreased regional @entity413 metabolism in the right medial area 10 was associated with apathy. There were also significant negative relationships between metabolism in the right orbitofrontal cortex and stereotypy and indifference to rules. @entity23 , @entity1314 and loss of emotional control were associated with decreased metabolism in the left amygdala. CONCLUSIONS: In terms of clinicometabolic correlations, the present data support the implication of different functional anatomic systems in frontal lobe-related @entity146 . In particular, they imply that the classically described symptoms of impaired behavioral control may be related to @entity550 whereas @entity73 may result from a functional damage of the left amygdala.

title: Metabolic correlates of XXXX in frontal lobe pathologies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['right orbitofrontal cortex hypometabolism']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['[(18)F] fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral and affective disturbances']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['deficits in frontal lobe', 'frontal lobe lesions']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired regulation of emotions']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['Impulsiveness']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality disturbances']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['behavioral and affective disturbances']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The interscalene brachial plexus block (ISB), a potent option to control @entity158 after shoulder surgery, has notable adverse effects. The anterior @entity616 ( @entity616 ) might provide comparable @entity1337 and cause less @entity73 . These characteristics were studied in this randomized controlled @entity1 - and assessor-blinded trial. METHODS: Outpatients were randomized to single-shot ultrasound-guided @entity616 (10 mL @entity1342 1%) or ISB (20 mL @entity1342 0.75%) before general anesthesia for arthroscopic shoulder surgery. @entity158 (Numerical Rating Scale, 0-10), grip strength, degree of satisfaction, and strength of recommendation were assessed. RESULTS: We randomized 168 @entity1 to each group and analyzed 164 in the @entity616 group and 165 in the ISB group. Nerve blocks were successful in 98% of the @entity1 from each group. Both procedures provided good postoperative @entity1337 , and the mean @entity158 level for @entity616 was slightly but significantly lower by 0.32 units (95% confidence interval, 0.18-0.46; P < 0.001) and noninferior given a margin of 1.1 units; P < 0.001. Within the first 24 hours, 162 (99%) of @entity616 @entity1 had unimpaired grip strength compared to 81 (49%) of ISB @entity1 (P < 0.001). The multiple primary outcome, superior unimpaired grip strength, and @entity158 control was significant; P < 0.001. Compared to ISB @entity1 (n = 130 [79%]), significantly more @entity616 @entity1 (n = 150 [91%]) were satisfied/highly satisfied. @entity1 in the @entity616 group were more likely to recommend the procedure highly. CONCLUSIONS: For outpatients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery under general anesthesia, the @entity616 seems preferable to ISB. It provides excellent postoperative @entity1337 without exposing @entity1 to @entity73 and to risks of the more potent but also more invasive ISB.

title: Anterior Suprascapular Nerve Block Versus Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block for Shoulder Surgery in the Outpatient Setting: A Randomized Controlled XXXX - and Assessor-Blinded Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['grip-strength impairment', 'impaired mobility']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'noninferior pain']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['suprascapular nerve block', 'SSNB']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: Herbs and dietary supplements can have significant physiological effects. Garlic (Allium sativum) has shown beneficial lipid effects in a majority of trials; dried garlic preparations are superior to oil preparations. There is preliminary evidence that indicates that hawthorn (Crataegus species) may provide benefits in @entity712 . Coenzyme Q also may be of benefit in @entity712 . Although observational studies indicate a protective effect of dietary or supplemental @entity270 , controlled trails have not shown a beneficial effect on @entity951 and have been mixed on whether supplementation decreases major @entity299 . Although several observational studies have noted that fish intake protects against @entity65 , prospective studies are less impressive. Fish oil supplementation may have a mild beneficial effect on @entity101 , but there is no effect on total @entity165 levels. Trials are inconsistent on whether fish oil reduces restenosis rates following coronary angioplasty. @entity6211 appears to have beneficial effects on @entity712 and @entity951 ; there is also preliminary evidence that @entity369 may benefit @entity1 with @entity712 or @entity951 . Herbs and supplements have been associated with adverse effects and interactions; for example, @entity1423 and can cause significant anticoagulation, and the Chinese herb danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) appears to potentiate @entity1229 . Several herbs and supplements hold promise as adjuncts in the prevention and treatment of @entity65 . There is a need for definitive research on the potential risks and benefits of these compounds, including appropriate dosages and formulations, and delineation of adverse events and interactions. (c)2000 by CHF, Inc.

title: Herbs and dietary supplements in the prevention and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6211 :: ('MESH:D002331', 'Chemical') :: ['Carnitine']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['garlic inhibits platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intraoperative coronary sinus rupture is a rare event; however, it carries potential mortality and its' management is technically challenging. A repair technique should provide adequate bleeding control while avoiding narrowing or stricture of the coronary sinus. METHODS: We retrospectively review our experience with a new pericardial patch repair technique. From January 1996 to May 2005 four cases of intraoperative @entity301 were identified. Three female @entity1 and one male @entity1 with a mean age of 74 +/- 4 years underwent valve replacement and/or coronary artery bypass on cardiopulmonary bypass. A double pericardial patch technique sandwiched with @entity1 fibrin glue was used to cover the defect. RESULTS: In all @entity1 treated with this method, the injury could be treated successfully. All @entity1 were extubated on the first postoperative day and median intensive care unit stay was 3 days. Drains could be removed after 4 days median. Median hospital stay was 13 days. After a median follow-up of 33 months all @entity1 are alive without any echocardiographic signs of @entity301 . CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the pericardial patch technique is a safe and technically feasible technique for repair of central @entity301 . Excellent bleeding control and, in our experience, no consecutive complications were observed.

title: Management of central XXXX using the pericardial patch repair technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary sinus injury', 'impairments of the coronary sinus', 'coronary sinus ruptures']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary sinus ruptures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity432 ( @entity432 ) showed no difference in outcomes between percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) versus optimal medical therapy (MED) in @entity1 with persistent total occlusion of the @entity1188 3 to 28 days post- @entity583 . Whether PCI may benefit a subset of @entity1 with preservation of @entity1188 zone (IZ) viability is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: The @entity432 nuclear ancillary study hypothesized that (1) IZ viability influences left ventricular (LV) remodeling and that (2) PCI as compared with MED attenuates adverse remodeling in post- @entity583 @entity1 with preserved viability. Enrolled were 124 @entity432 @entity1 who underwent resting @entity1242 -enhanced technetium-99m sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) before @entity432 randomization, with repeat imaging at 1 year. All images were quantitatively analyzed for @entity1188 size, IZ viability, LV volumes, and function in a core laboratory. At baseline, mean @entity1188 size was 26%    18 of the LV, mean IZ viability was 43%    8 of peak uptake, and most @entity1 (70%) had at least moderately retained IZ viability. There were no significant differences in 1-year end-diastolic or end-systolic volume change between those with severely reduced versus moderately retained IZ viability, or when compared by treatment assignment PCI versus MED. In multivariable models, increasing baseline viability independently predicted improvement in ejection fraction (P = .005). There was no interaction between IZ viability and treatment assignment for any measure of LV remodeling. CONCLUSIONS: In the contemporary era of MED, PCI of the @entity1188 compared with MED alone does not impact LV remodeling irrespective of IZ viability.

title: The @entity432 ( @entity432 ) Viability Ancillary Study ( @entity432 -NUC): influence of XXXX zone viability on left ventricular remodeling after percutaneous coronary intervention versus optimal medical therapy alone.

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['OAT', 'Occluded Artery Trial']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarct']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of perioperative antibiotics in @entity281 (SSI) and @entity580 in @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy for @entity253 and low- and moderate-risk @entity2679 (Tokyo classification) is unclear. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to assess this. METHODS: Searches were conducted of the MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane databases. Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included. The analysis was performed using the random-effects method, and the risk ratio (RR) with 95 per cent c.i. was employed. RESULTS: Nineteen RCTs, published between 1997 and 2015, with a total of 5259 @entity1 , of whom 2709 (51  5 per cent) were treated with antibiotics, were included. SSI and @entity580 were detected in 2  4 and 4  2 per cent respectively of @entity1 given perioperative antibiotics, and in 3  2 and 7  2 per cent of those who received no antibiotics. Antibiotics did not significantly reduce the risk of SSI (RR 0  81, 95 per cent c.i. 0  58 to 1  13; P   =   0  21) or @entity580 (RR 0  64, 0  36 to 1  14; P   =   0  13). There was no significant between-study heterogeneity for SSI, but significant between-study heterogeneity in the eight studies that reported @entity580 . Analysis of studies considered to be high quality, grouped according to the timing of antibiotics (preoperative only or perioperative) and reporting intention-to-treat analyses, again failed to show a significant reduction in SSI. CONCLUSION: Antibiotics should not be administered before laparoscopic cholecystectomy in @entity1 with @entity253 and/or low- and moderate-risk @entity2679 .

title: Meta-analysis of perioperative antibiotics in XXXX undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['reducing surgical-site infection']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infections', 'overall nosocomial infections']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary colic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Across sub-Saharan Africa, pregnant @entity1 attend routine health services around the 20th week of gestation. OBJECTIVE: To investigate, with a view to maximising effectiveness of @entity311 control tools delivered via routine services, coverage of an antenatal clinic insecticide-treated net (ITN) voucher scheme in Tanzania by gestational age. METHODS: Household and antenatal clinic survey data from 21 districts in Tanzania were collected and analysed annually 2005-2007. @entity17830 was defined as giving @entity1 access to vouchers for 24 weeks of pregnancy (weeks 16 and 40 gestation). The relationship between gestational age and use of ITNs throughout pregnancy was explored. RESULTS: Coverage of the ITN voucher was high (84% in 2007), but only 61% of optimal voucher protection was achieved. It was reduced by a combination of late attendance at clinic and staff not distributing vouchers at first visit. An increasing trend by gestational age in ITN use was observed each survey year, rising in 2007 from 23% of first-trimester @entity1 to 30% of @entity1 post partum (  (2)=5.9, p=0.01). CONCLUSION: Uptake of @entity311 interventions is not evenly distributed throughout pregnancy. Including gestational age in pregnancy coverage indicators can enhance understanding of the public health potential available from pregnancy interventions.

title: Timing of delivery of XXXX preventive interventions in pregnancy: results from the Tanzania national voucher programme.

entities_list: @entity17830 :: ('MESH:C536411', 'Disease') :: ['Optimal voucher protection']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity7102 -induced clots used in experimental @entity64 differ from clots forming spontaneously under clinical conditions. We investigated whether this difference influences the efficacy and outcome of thrombolytic treatment. METHODS: In @entity35 , the middle cerebral artery was occluded by intracarotid injection of fibrin-rich clots, prepared either according to established methods by adding @entity7102 to freshly drawn arterial blood or by spontaneous coagulation. The mechanical properties of clots were determined in vitro by elasticity and plasticity tests. One hour after @entity887 , thrombolysis was started by intra-arterial application of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) (10 mg/kg). Treatment efficacy was monitored by MR measurements of blood perfusion, @entity1541 ( @entity1541 ), T2 relaxation time and blood-brain barrier permeability, and by pictorial measurements of @entity855 and pH. RESULTS: @entity7102 -induced clots were classified as elastic, and spontaneously forming clots were classified as plastic. @entity2500 with @entity7102 -induced or spontaneously forming clots led to similar reduction of perfusion and @entity1541 , but rtPA treatment efficacy differed greatly. In the spontaneously forming clot group, blood perfusion returned to or above control within 2 hours, @entity1541 and @entity855 normalized, tissue pH exhibited @entity5838 , and T2 and blood-brain barrier permeability did not change. In the @entity7102 -induced clot group, in contrast, blood reperfusion was delayed, @entity1541 and @entity855 remained reduced, tissue pH was acidic, and @entity4 developed, as reflected by increased T2 and blood-brain barrier permeability. CONCLUSIONS: rtPA-induced thrombolysis promotes rapid reperfusion and tissue recovery in animals embolized with spontaneously forming clots but not in those embolized with @entity7102 -induced clots. This difference is explained by the different mechanical and possibly molecular consequences of clot preparation and must be considered for the interpretation of thrombolysis experiments.

title: Differences in clot preparation determine outcome of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator treatment in experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5838 :: ('MESH:D000471', 'Disease') :: ['alkalosis']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic stroke']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['Middle cerebral artery embolism']

entities_list: @entity1541 :: ('MESH:C536023', 'Disease') :: ['ADC', 'apparent diffusion coefficient']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['thromboembolic stroke']


abstract: @entity851 ( @entity2533 , - @entity32994 ) are potent stimulators of bone formation and have been shown to regulate chondrocyte, osteoblast, and osteoclast formation and function. However, the distribution of the different isoforms and their signaling receptors in @entity1 bone in vivo has not previously been reported. Using samples of normal (neonatal rib) and pathological (osteophytic) developing @entity1 bone, we have investigated the expression of the different TGF-beta isoforms and their signaling receptors (TGF-betaRI and RII) at the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein levels by in situ hybridization and immunolocalization to establish the sites of TGF-beta production and their possible sites of action during @entity1 bone development in vivo. All three TGF-beta isoforms and the receptors were detected at sites of endochondral and intramembranous ossification. At sites of endochondral ossification, @entity6474 was detected in all zones of the cartilage, with the highest expression seen in the @entity1184 and mineralizing zones. @entity1934 was detected in proliferative and @entity1184 zone chondrocytes, while @entity2533 expression was restricted to the proliferative and upper @entity1184 zones. TGF-betaRI and RII exhibited similar distributions with maximum expression in the @entity1184 and mineralizing zones in the neonatal rib but in the resting/proliferative zone in the developing osteophyte. At sites of intramembranous ossification @entity1934 was the most widely distributed isoform and showed both matrix- and cell-associated staining. @entity69640 were expressed almost exclusively at sites of mineralization. These observations demonstrate that the different TGF-beta isoforms and their receptors exhibit distinct but overlapping patterns of expression, and support the hypothesis that they are involved in the regulation of endochondral and intramembranous ossification during @entity1 bone development in vivo.

title: Expression and distribution of transforming growth factor-beta isoforms and their signaling receptors in growing XXXX bone.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['Transforming growth factors type beta']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In 1994, a clinic for @entity5 risk counseling was opened at Hadassah University Hospital in Jerusalem. Most of the counselees have been @entity1 who had @entity0 and/or a relative with @entity0 . In order to evaluate the effect of this counseling on @entity1 's knowledge and perceptions regarding the risks for @entity0 , a questionnaire was given before and after the counseling session to 60 healthy @entity1 who came to the clinic because they have relatives with @entity0 . According to the genetic counselors' estimations, most of these @entity1 had a significantly increased risk (compared to the general population) of developing @entity5 . Before counseling, the @entity1 overestimated the population risk for @entity0 , the contribution of heredity to morbidity of @entity5 , and their own risks to get @entity5 . After counseling session, they gave reduced estimates, closer to the "real" ones. The subjective perceptions regarding these risks were reduced after counseling, except for the perceptions regarding their relativerisks which have not changed after the counseling. About 90% of the @entity1 who came to the clinic wanted to be tested for genetic predisposition to @entity5 . For most of these @entity1 , the expectations that the test can rule out a genetic predisposition to @entity5 became more realistic after the counseling. The option to first test an affected relative was offered to all families, and a test was actually conducted in 75% of the families.

title: The Effect of Genetic Counseling on Knowledge and Perceptions Regarding Risks for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: Adenovirus (ADV) infections after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) range in severity from self-limited to fatal. We have previously reported high mortality rates in @entity2280 (+) selected @entity784 ( @entity784 ) HCT recipients using symptomatic testing and culture methods for ADV detection. We report rates and outcomes of @entity9504 in 215 adult recipients of @entity784 HCT using the CliniMACS @entity2280 (+) selection system. This was a prospective observational study of adults transplanted from March 21, 2012 through November 30, 2014 at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. @entity784 was performed using CliniMACS @entity2280 (+) cell selection. @entity1 were monitored for ADV by whole blood PCR assay from  +14 to  +100  days post-transplant. @entity9504 was defined as >= 1 PCR above the lower limit of quantitation. @entity9504 was defined per European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation guidelines. Treatment for ADV was at the clinician's discretion. Competing risk regression analyses were used to identify predictors for @entity9504 and overall survival. The median age was 55  years (range, 22 to 72); 215 @entity1 underwent @entity784 . All @entity1 received myeloablative conditioning. Eighteen @entity1 (8% of cohort) had @entity9504 at a median onset of 57  days (interquartile range [IQR], 23 to 79) and with a median viral load at first detection of 2.6 log10 copies/mL (IQR, 2.5 to 4.0). The median maximal viral load was 4.5 log10 copies/mL (IQR, 3.5 to 5.9). No significant risk factor was identified for @entity9504 by univariate analysis. Six @entity1 (3% of total cohort, 33% of viremic @entity1 ) developed @entity9504 (3 colitis, 2 @entity1310 / @entity2335 , 1 @entity55 ). @entity9504 preceded onset of @entity9504 a median of 11  days from the first positive quantitative PCR (range,  +3 to  +37) except in 1 @entity1 with @entity1310 . Overall, 12 of 18 viremic @entity1 (67%) received antiviral treatment (5 @entity7076 only, 7 brincidofovir      @entity7076 ). All @entity1 with @entity9504 were treated, and 6 @entity1 were preemptively treated for ADV. Among the 18 viremic @entity1 , 8 (44%) died during the study period, and, of those, 4 (22%) died of ADV. Early @entity9504 was infrequent (8%) among adult HCT recipients of @entity2280 (+) selected allografts. Among viremic @entity1 , rate of @entity9504 was 33% and ADV attributable mortality was 22%. Further studies are needed to assess the impact of preemptive treatment with @entity68213 on improving outcomes of @entity9504 in this @entity1 population.

title: XXXX in Adult @entity2280 (+) Selected Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients: Low Incidence and High Clinical Impact.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9504 :: ('MESH:D000257', 'Disease') :: ['ADV infections', 'ADV viremia', 'ADV disease']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['TCD', 'T  cell-depleted']

entities_list: @entity68213 :: ('MESH:C525733', 'Chemical') :: ['brincidofovir']

entities_list: @entity7076 :: ('MESH:C059262', 'Chemical') :: ['cidofovir']

answer: @entity9504 :: (MESH:D000257,Disease) :: ['Adenovirus Viremia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 43-year-old Japanese @entity1 visited for a @entity99 incidentally found. We suspected @entity409 ( @entity409 ) due to @entity9160 ( @entity9160 ). However, neither past history nor medical interview indicated a risk of @entity8143 . Blood testing revealed @entity1712 , serum examination showed normal results for immunoglobulin E, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay yielded negative for Toxocara and Anisakis. Gastric and colonic endoscopy revealed normal features. Several imagings showed central @entity39 . After informed consent, laparoscopic resection was performed. Histopathological examination showed @entity409 without parasites. No recurrence had occurred postoperatively. Most reports documented that @entity409 are caused by @entity9160 . However, parasites are not always demonstrable on serum, histopathological, or immunochemical examinations. When acting as allergens to induce type I responses, microscopic agents other than parasites in the intestinal tract could induce @entity32 in the liver. Accumulation of more cases should help clarify other pathogeneses for @entity409 .

title: Solitary Hepatic Eosinophilic Granuloma Accompanied by @entity1712 Without XXXX : Report of a Case.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis of the tumor']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['EGL', 'eosinophilic granuloma of the liver']

entities_list: @entity9160 :: ('MESH:D007816', 'Disease') :: ['visceral larva migrans', 'VLM']

entities_list: @entity8143 :: ('MESH:D063726', 'Disease') :: ['parasitosis']

answer: @entity8143 :: (MESH:D063726,Disease) :: ['Parasitosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nearly 15 million @entity1 suffer from @entity64 every year worldwide, with about 20% of the survivors retaining chronic aphasic symptoms. Spontaneous recovery is limited to 3 to 6 months. Cortical stimulation techniques have been proposed to enhance the recovery process. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to evaluate the benefit of epidural cortical stimulation for the treatment of @entity2026 , based on a systematic review of the literature. METHODS: An extensive PubMed search was performed for English language articles published from 1990 to 2014 with the keywords (cortical OR epidural) AND stimulation AND @entity64 AND ( @entity2026 OR language OR speech). The criteria analyzed included the type of study, epidemiology of @entity1 , @entity64 , @entity2026 , stimulation protocol, concurrent rehabilitation therapies, language evaluations, results observed, and follow-up. RESULTS: Seven cases were reported to date (3 case reports, 1 randomized controlled trial). All @entity1 experienced nonfluent @entity2026 following an @entity385 . All four studies reported encouraging effects of the stimulation with improved lexical access and fluency for all @entity1 . The effects were specific, independent of the motor recovery or of the @entity158 reported by the @entity1 , and they were linked to the stimulation parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the small number of existing cases in the literature, the strength of the evidence is still low. Two main hypotheses of neurobiological mechanisms have been explored: either using continuous stimulation to modify cortical perilesional inhibition or using intermittent stimulation during the speech and language therapy sessions to explore synaptic plasticity and long-term potentiation or @entity308 . To establish the role of epidural stimulation and the relevant stimulation protocols and parameters, large randomized controlled trials are mandatory. We suggest avenues of investigation.

title: Epidural Cortical Stimulation as a Treatment for XXXX : A Systematic Review of the Literature and Underlying Neurophysiological Mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['aphasia', 'poststroke aphasia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity2026 :: (MESH:D001037,Disease) :: ['Poststroke Aphasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Basal skull fractures (BSFs) are caused by blunt force @entity130 , occurring in the temporal, occipital, sphenoid, and/or ethmoid bones. In pediatric severe traumatic @entity1545 (sTBI), there is a paucity of data on BSFs. Our goal was to investigate the BSF prevalence, anatomy, and association with short-term outcomes in pediatric sTBI. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all severely injured (Injury Severity Score >= 12) pediatric @entity1 (aged <18 years) admitted to our hospital after experiencing an sTBI (Glasgow @entity772 Scale score  <=8 and head Abbreviated Injury Scale score >= 4). Neuroimaging for all sTBI @entity1 was reviewed for skull fractures. Data were analyzed with both univariate and multivariate techniques. RESULTS: Of the 180 @entity1 with sTBI, 47 had BSFs for a prevalence of 26% (69 BSFs in total; 16 sTBI @entity1 had >= 2 BSFs). The squamous temporal bone was fractured most frequently (n=30/47 sTBI @entity1 with BSFs). @entity1 with BSFs were heavier and had more @entity8494 than those without (p < 0.05) but were similar in all other admission demographics, injury profiles, and clinical characteristics. @entity5173 was found in 32% (n = 15 of 47) of BSF @entity1 ( @entity2972 , n = 12; @entity5254 , n = 1; @entity2972 / @entity5254 , n = 2; p < 0.001). Mortality, @entity6659 , and fewer ventilator-free days were associated with BSFs (p < 0.005), whereas in sTBI survivors, BSFs were associated with longer lengths of stay (p < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression showed that BSFs were positively associated with the presence of @entity510 (odds ratio [OR], 4.00; p = 0.001), contusion (OR, 2.48; p = 0.029), herniation (OR, 3.40; p = 0.037), and @entity2657 (OR, 2.30; p = 0.047) but negatively associated with @entity21 (OR, 0.20; p = 0.003). BSFs and mortality were strongly associated (OR, 6.87; p = 0.019). CONCLUSION: BSFs occurred in 26% of pediatric sTBI @entity1 . The temporal bone was fractured in two thirds of sTBI @entity1 with BSFs, and one third was associated with @entity5173 . BSFs represent a significant linear blunt force and are independent predictors of mortality. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic and epidemiologic study, level III.

title: Basal skull fractures are associated with mortality in pediatric severe traumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal fluid leaks', 'Cerebrospinal fluid leak']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea']

entities_list: @entity8494 :: ('MESH:D005151', 'Disease') :: ['facial injuries']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse axonal injury']

entities_list: @entity6659 :: ('MESH:D020790', 'Disease') :: ['acute central diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['brain injury']


abstract: Low-grade @entity6019 ( @entity6019 ) is a kind of uterine @entity5 . Total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was the main treatment. We evaluate the feasibility of fertility-sparing management in five @entity1 with low-grade @entity6019 who desired for childbearing. The @entity1 aged 28-36 years old presented with symptoms of menometrorrhagia or without symptom. Ultrasound examinations demonstrated @entity2909 (with the diameter of 3.5-6 cm respectively). All the @entity1 received conservative surgeries of local resection of the mass with uterine reconstruction. Then the adjuvant endocrine therapy was given to them with @entity6303 (160-320 mg/day) or @entity19040 (3.75 mg/28 days) for 5-6 months. The follow-up lasted 21-55 months. All the @entity1 survived. Three of them underwent an uncomplicated pregnancy, and received cesarean delivery of a liveborn neonate. One of them is alive without disease recurrence. The other one found disease recurred during the @entity6303 treatment, and received hysterectomy. We consider that fertility-sparing treatment is suitable in selected in young low-grade @entity6019 @entity1 especially for those whose lesion was with a clear borderline. Adjuvant endocrine therapy is recommended for about 6 months after operation.

title: Fertility-sparing treatment of low-grade XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity19040 :: ('MESH:D017329', 'Chemical') :: ['triptorelin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity6019 :: ('MESH:D018203', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial stromal sarcoma', 'ESS']

entities_list: @entity6303 :: ('MESH:D019290', 'Chemical') :: ['megestrol acetate']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyomas']

answer: @entity6019 :: (MESH:D018203,Disease) :: ['endometrial stromal sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to determine whether microRNA for pluripotent stem cells are also expressed in @entity0 and are associated with @entity3 and outcome. METHODS: We studied global microRNA profiles during differentiation of @entity1 embryonic stem cells (n =26) and in @entity0 @entity1 (n = 33) and @entity1 cell lines (n = 35). Using in situ hybridization, we then investigated MIR302 expression in 318 untreated @entity0 @entity1 (test cohort, n = 22 and validation cohort, n = 296). In parallel, using next-generation sequencing data from @entity0 @entity1 (n = 684), we assessed microRNA association with stem cell markers. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: In healthy tissues, the MIR302 (high)/ @entity20157 (low) asymmetry was exclusive for pluripotent stem cells. MIR302 was expressed in a small population of @entity5 cells @entity513 , but not in normal breast (P < .001). Furthermore, MIR302 was expressed in the @entity5 cells together with stem cell markers, such as @entity1759 and @entity3752 . Conversely, @entity20157 expression in 684 @entity0 negatively correlated with @entity1759 (Spearman correlation, Rho = -0.08, P = .04) and @entity3752 (Rho = -0.11, P = .004), but positively correlated with differentiation marker @entity11707 (Rho = 0.15, P < .001). @entity5 with lymph node @entity3 had @entity5 cells showing scattered expression of MIR302 and widespread repression of @entity20157 . Finally, overall survival was statistically significantly shorter in @entity1 with MIR302-positive @entity5 cells (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: In healthy tissues the MIR302(high)/ @entity20157 (low) asymmetry was characteristic of embryonic and induced pluripotency. In @entity513 , the MIR302/ @entity20157 asymmetry was associated with stem cell markers, @entity3 , and shorter survival.

title: Pluripotent stem cell miRNAs and @entity3 in invasive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['within invasive ductal carcinoma', 'invasive ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We aim to evaluate the technique of identifying parathyroid glands with @entity505 nanoparticle suspension (CNPS) in thyroid surgeries from the perspectives of degrees of declining intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), operation time, and time of postoperative stay. METHODS: A total of 156 @entity1 who underwent thyroid surgeries in General Surgical Department of Xiangya Hospital between May 2012 and May 2015 were involved in the study. A total of 78 @entity1 were injected with CNPS during the surgery (CNPS group); the other 78 @entity1 received normal saline (control group). Cases were classified into 3 surgical approaches: conventional partial thyroidectomy, conventional total thyroidectomy, and endoscopic partial thyroidectomy. Degrees of declining iPTH were tested to determine the severity of @entity8611 . Operation time and postoperative hospital stay time were recorded. A P value of less than .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: For levels of declining iPTH, there was no statistically significant (ss) difference in conventional thyroid surgery. In endoscopic partial thyroidectomy, it was 23.37    16.20 versus 11.94    11.23 pg/mL (P = .02, ss). The operation time of conventional total thyroidectomy was 210.10    83.75 versus 164.84    69.22 minutes (P = .03, ss), while it was 193.04    75.53 versus 127.67    60.06 minutes (P = .007, ss) in endoscopic thyroidectomy. CONCLUSIONS: CNPS is not beneficial for protecting the function of parathyroid gland in thyroid surgery from the perspective of declining iPTH. Applying CNPS in conventional total thyroidectomy and endoscopic partial thyroidectomy will also lead to significantly prolonged operation time.

title: Identifying Parathyroid Glands With XXXX Nanoparticle Suspension Does Not Help Protect Parathyroid Function in Thyroid Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized Control Clinical Study.

entities_list: @entity8611 :: ('MESH:D010279', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid injury']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['Carbon']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility of high temporal resolution quantitative perfusion imaging of @entity150 performed simultaneously with conventional multi-phase MR urography (MRU) using a novel free-breathing continuously acquired radial MRI sequence with compressed-sensing reconstruction. METHODS: 22 @entity1 with @entity1494 underwent MRU using GRASP (Golden-angle RAdial Sparse Parallel) acquisition. Multi-phase contrast-enhanced abdominopelvic GRASP was performed during free-breathing (1.4x1.4x3.0mm(3) voxel size; 3:44min acquisition). Two dynamic datasets were retrospectively reconstructed by combining different numbers of sequentially acquired spokes into each dynamic frame: 110 spokes per frame for 25-second temporal resolution (serving as conventional MRU for clinical interpretation) and 8 spokes per frame for 1.7-second resolution. Using 1.7-second resolution images, ROIs were placed within @entity1494 and normal bladder wall, a femoral artery arterial input function was generated, and the Generalized Kinetic Model was applied. RESULTS: Biopsy/cystectomy demonstrated 16 @entity150 (13 stage>= T2, 3 stage <=T1) and 6 benign lesions. All lesions were well visualized using 25-second clinical multi-phase images. Using 1.7-second resolution images, K(trans) was significantly higher in @entity5 (0.38  0.24) than normal bladder (0.12  0.02=8, p<0.001) or benign lesions (0.15  0.04, p=0.033). Ratio between K(trans) of lesions and normal bladder was nearly double for @entity5 than benign lesions (4.3  3.4 vs. 2.2  1.6), and K(trans) was nearly double in stage>= T2 than stage <=T1 @entity5 (0.44  0.24 vs. 0.24  0.24), although these did not approach significance (p=0.180-0.209), possibly related to small sample size. CONCLUSION: GRASP allows simultaneous quantitative high temporal resolution perfusion of @entity1494 during clinical MRU examinations using only one contrast injection and without additional scan time.

title: Performance of Simultaneous High Temporal Resolution Quantitative Perfusion Imaging of XXXX and Conventional Multi-phase Urography Using a Novel Free-Breathing Continuously Acquired Radial Compressed-Sensing MRI Sequence.

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder lesions']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['Bladder Tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The multidimensional burden that results from providing care to a @entity1 with @entity5 is well documented and a growing number of psychosocial interventions have been developed to address this burden. None, however, target existential distress, a critical, common element - and potentially driving mechanism - of caregiver burden. Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy (MCP) is a structured psychotherapeutic intervention originally developed by our group to target existential distress and spiritual well-being among @entity1 with @entity5 . We are currently developing Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy for @entity5 Caregivers (MCP-C). The objective of this qualitative study is to describe the application of MCP to the unique experience of caregivers of @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: A case study of a @entity1 from an initial MCP-C group is presented, with a focus on the application of sources of meaning to the @entity5 caregiving experience. RESULTS: The exploration of critical sources of meaning in the @entity1 's life generally, and related to caregiving specifically, highlighted significant areas of growth, including an increased understanding of the historical context shaping her experience of providing care, the recognition of the need for improved self-care and reconnecting with meaningful activities, and the possibility for continued connectedness to others and the world, despite the limitations resulting from her husband's @entity221 . SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS: Existential distress is a critical and often overlooked element of burden among @entity5 caregivers. MCP-C is intended to target this component of burden and address this critical gap in the palliative care literature. Clinical trials are underway to evaluate the efficacy of MCP-C delivered over the Internet. Future studies are needed to evaluate the benefits of MCP-C for particularly burdened groups of caregivers, such as caregivers of @entity1 with @entity1313 and those undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantations, and to identify target points of delivery that will optimize the intervention's benefits.

title: Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy for XXXX Caregivers (MCP-C): Rationale and Overview.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participant', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['terminal illness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer', 'advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The high incidence of @entity263 as the most common @entity5 in males in many countries raises the question of developing reliable detection tests. The @entity1486 ( @entity1486 ) test is the most widely used for screening for @entity263 ; however, its low specificity elevates the number of unnecessarily biopsies. Serum human kallikrein-2 ( @entity14958 ) is considered as a promising marker, and especially its ratio to fPSA, for predicting the presence of @entity5 to select the best choice referring to biopsy or surveillance. In this study, we investigated the role of @entity14958 and its combinations with other markers to discriminate @entity263 from benign diseases in Syrian @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective oriented cross-sectional cohort study, serum samples were collected from @entity1 referred to many Hospitals in Damascus, Syria, between May 2011 and March 2012, and diagnosed with biopsy proven @entity263 ( @entity263 ). Serum was analyzed for @entity14958 , @entity1486 and fPSA, and the ratios of @entity1486 and @entity14958 /fPSA were calculated. RESULTS: We found that mean @entity14958 /fPSA ratios were significantly higher (P=0.01) in @entity263 @entity1 than in the @entity1067 or control groups. Also the ratio @entity26256 /fPSA gave the largest area under the curve (AUC:0.96) which was significantly larger than for @entity1486 (AUC:0.41) indicative of higher specificity. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that the ratio of @entity14958 /fPSA might be superior to the use of @entity1486 alone. The @entity14958 could be shown to enhance the early detection of @entity263 ; especially the ratio @entity14958 /fPSA improves specificity and hence may reduce the number of negative biopsies.

title: @entity1 Kallikrein-2, @entity1486 and Free- @entity1486 in Combination to Discriminate Prostate Cancer from Benign Diseases in Syrian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) or prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer', 'PCa']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['fPSA/PSA', 'PSA', 'prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Commercially available @entity4023 solutions are usually too thick to inject through catheters and need dilution with normal saline (NS) before use, which increases the risk of contamination. We evaluated the usefulness of ready-to-use 0.4% @entity4023 , Endo-Ease (EE; UNIMED Pharm. Inc., Seoul, Korea). METHODS: We performed a prospective multicenter randomized study from May 2011 to September 2012. @entity1 requiring endoscopic resection (ER) for @entity14 at two referral hospitals were enrolled. RESULTS: One hundred fifty-four @entity1 (72 with a @entity356 and 82 with a @entity14 ) were included in intention-to-treat analysis. Thirty-seven @entity356 and 43 @entity14 were enrolled in the EE group. The usefulness rate was significantly higher in the EE group than in the NS group (89.2% vs. 60.0% for @entity356 and 95.3% vs. 67.7% for @entity14 , p<0.001). In the EE group, the ease of mucosal resection was significantly higher than in the NS group (p<0.001). The injected volume was smaller in the EE group than in the NS group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The use of EE reduced the need for additional injections and improved the ease of ER. A submucosal injection of EE is useful for the ER of both @entity14 .

title: Usefulness of Ready-to-Use 0.4% XXXX (Endo-Ease) in the Endoscopic Resection of Gastrointestinal Neoplasms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric neoplasm', 'gastric neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasm', 'gastric or colorectal neoplasm', 'colorectal neoplasms', 'gastric and colorectal neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity4023 :: ('MESH:D006820', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium hyaluronate']

answer: @entity4023 :: (MESH:D006820,Chemical) :: ['Sodium Hyaluronate']


abstract: 1. In conscious, fasted @entity95 the intravenous infusion of the alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonist, @entity30518 (3 and 10 micrograms kg-1 min-1) induced a dose related increase in insulin plasma levels. This effect was accompanied by a minor hypo- or hyperglycaemic response, depending on the dose of agonist infused. 2. A dose related increase in mean arterial pressure and reduction in heart rate were also found after @entity30518 administration. 3. The insulin secretory response to @entity30518 was not prevented in @entity95 previously treated with @entity3897 (5.26 micrograms kg-1 min-1). However, in the presence of muscarinic receptor blockade the bradycardic effect of @entity30518 was either suppressed or attenuated. 4. Pretreatment with the @entity460 channel antagonist @entity69856 (35 ng kg-1 min-1) or with @entity3352 (0.66 mg kg-1 min-1) clearly blocked the effect of @entity30518 on insulin secretion. 5. The haemodynamic changes induced by @entity30518 were preserved in the presence of either @entity1855 (0.17 microgram kg-1 min-1) or @entity3352 , whereas the @entity101 response was antagonized by @entity69856 . 6. Our results suggest that the metabolic and haemodynamic changes mediated by @entity30518 are two independent effects, insulin secretion requiring the presence of extracellular @entity460 and the synthesis of @entity1426 metabolites.

title: Comparative effects of XXXX channel blockers and @entity3352 on insulin secretion and blood pressure increase derived from alpha 1-adrenoceptor stimulation in the @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity69856 :: ('MESH:C063839', 'Chemical') :: ['elgodipine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity30518 :: ('MESH:C016980', 'Chemical') :: ['amidephrine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) therapy has revolutionized the treatment of @entity989 . However, constitutive @entity7 also acts as a trophic factor on retinal nonvascular cells. We have studied the effects of aflibercept and ranibizumab on @entity1 M  ller cells and photoreceptors exposed to starvation media containing various concentrations of @entity413 , with or without @entity5303 -induced @entity519 . Cell survival was assessed by calcein-AM cell viability assays. Expression of @entity1457 proteins (Hsp) and redox proteins @entity18021 ( @entity14688 , @entity18021 ) was studied by Western blots. The production of neurotrophic factors in M  ller cells and @entity21232 ( @entity21232 ) in photoreceptors was measured by enzymelinked immunosorbent assays. Aflibercept and ranibizumab did not affect the viability of both types of cells. Neither aflibercept nor ranibizumab affected the production of neurotrophic factors or expression of @entity11217 and @entity4041 in M  ller cells. However, aflibercept but not ranibizumab affected the expression of @entity11217 , Hsp9, @entity14688 and @entity18021 in photoreceptors. Aflibercept and ranibizumab both inhibited the production of @entity21232 in photoreceptors, aflibercept more so than ranibizumab. Our data indicates that the potential influence of aflibercept and ranibizumab on photoreceptors should be specifically monitored in clinical studies.

title: Effects of Ranibizumab and Aflibercept on XXXX M  ller Cells and Photoreceptors under Stress Conditions.

entities_list: @entity21232 :: ('5949', 'Gene') :: ['IRBP', 'interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Carcinus maenas and Necora puber were exposed to air for 72 h and 18 h, respectively, at 18 degreesC. @entity1568 excretion, blood and muscle @entity3265 content and blood urate and @entity880 content were recorded throughout the experimental emersion and following reimmersion (recovery period). During emersion, the rate of @entity3265 excretion was strongly reduced in both species, while @entity1133 and @entity6115 excretion were not enhanced. Blood and muscle @entity3265 content increased steadily, reaching 1.3 and 10.4 mmol l-1, respectively, after an 18 h emersion in N. puber. In contrast, in C. maenas, blood @entity3265 levels increased slightly during the first 12 h and then remained at this level (approximately 0.12 mmol l-1) until the end of emersion. Muscle @entity3265 content showed a non-significant increase at 12 h, after which values returned to control values (3.3 mmol l-1) for the next 60 h. Blood urate and @entity880 content increased in emersed N. puber, indicating strong internal @entity519 , but urate content did not increase in C. maenas until the third day of emersion. Upon reimmersion, both species released large amounts of @entity3265 within a few minutes. Two different patterns of @entity3265 release then were observed: @entity3265 excretion was enhanced for a further 3 h in N. puber, whereas raised @entity3265 excretion rates were observed for a further 24 h in C. maenas. These patterns, the recovery of blood and muscle @entity3265 levels and the calculated @entity1568 balance between emersed and control crabs indicated that specific processes were used to manage the @entity1568 overload induced by air exposure. Whereas N. puber shows little or no ability to limit @entity3265 accumulation in its body, C. maenas exhibits strong regulation of its @entity1568 metabolism. The probability that @entity535 synthesis is involved in this regulation and whether these species use metabolic @entity308 as a survival strategy are discussed.

title: XXXX metabolism of two portunid crabs, carcinus maenas and necora puber, during prolonged air exposure and subsequent recovery: a comparative study

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrogen', 'nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity1568 :: (MESH:D009584,Chemical) :: ['Nitrogen']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 5025 Background: Standard treatment for @entity43 currently consists of surgery followed by chemotherapy. Consolidation may improve survival outcomes by prolonging the disease-free interval. We evaluated a consolidation regimen with weekly @entity1311 infusion and determined the impact on progression-free survival (PFS). METHODS: All @entity1 with @entity43 , treated with @entity1311 consolidation therapy from November 1997 to March 2002, were identified. Consolidation therapy consisted of treatment administered immediately following front-line chemotherapy to @entity1 with no clinical evidence of disease. Treatment consisted of weekly @entity1311 infused at a median dose of 80mg/m(2) (60-80 mg/m(2)) for a maximum of 12 weeks. A chart review was performed to assess the disease status and chemotherapy-related @entity137 in all @entity1 . RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity1 received @entity1311 consolidation therapy over the study period (31 stage III, and 2 stage IV). Twenty-six @entity1 had @entity43 and seven were diagnosed with @entity298 . The overall 2-year survival in this study was 85%: 18 @entity1 (64%) were without evidence of disease and 10 (36%) were alive with disease. The median PFS was 23 months from the date of diagnosis (range: 10-54 months), with a median time to progression of 19 months (range: 10-53 months). The median follow-up was 33 months (range: 16-72 months). During a total of 430 weeks of consolidation therapy, 1 @entity1 experienced Grade 3 @entity16 and 1 @entity1 developed Grade 3 @entity1398 . CONCLUSION: Consolidation therapy with weekly @entity1311 infusion is a well-tolerated regimen that resulted in a median PFS of 23 months in @entity1 who obtained a complete clinical response following induction therapy. Given the lack of side effects and the potential for extending the progression-free survival of those treated, this regimen should be considered when consolidation is planned. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Consolidation therapy with weekly XXXX infusion in @entity43 : An extended follow-up.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'advanced epithelial ovarian or primary peritoneal carcinoma', 'epithelial ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['primary peritoneal carcinoma']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Understanding which factors are associated with the use of critical care therapies (CCTs) can help with clinical decision-making and goals of care discussion. The goal of this study was to describe the predictors of @entity6852 use (eg, mechanical ventilation, tracheostomy, percutaneous @entity5274 , total parenteral nutrition, acute use of dialysis) in hospitalized @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: We used the 2010 California State Inpatient Databases sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality to identify all hospitalizations with a diagnosis of @entity5 ( @entity1 aged >= 18 years). We examined the predictors of any @entity6852 use (and invasive mechanical ventilation [IMV] use), stratified by do-not-resuscitate (DNR) status, using multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS: We identified 99,085 hospitalizations involving @entity1 with @entity5 ; 9.4% received any CCTs and 4.7% received IMV. Predictors of @entity6852 use in the no-DNR group included principal @entity281 (vs cancer-related), greater burden of comorbidities, and presence of @entity353 . Predictors of @entity6852 use in the DNR group were similar, but also included non-white races. @entity409 was also a predictor of IMV use in the no-DNR group. @entity1 with @entity2 (vs breast and genitourinary) with no DNR were more likely to receive @entity6852 (and IMV). CONCLUSIONS: Higher burden of comorbidities, @entity353 , @entity409 , @entity2 subtype, and @entity281 were associated with higher odds of receiving CCTs or IMV. These findings may help clinicians determine in whom to prioritize discussions around goals of care, especially in the group without a DNR status.

title: Predictors of the Use of Specific Critical Care Therapies in @entity1 With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver disease', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic gastrostomy tube']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['diagnosis of infections']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Metastatic Cancer']


abstract: Research on fisheries bycatch and discards frequently involves the assessment of reflex @entity73 , or blood physiology as means of quantifying vitality and predicting post-release mortality, but exceptionally few studies have used all three metrics concurrently. We conducted an experimental purse seine fishery for Pacific salmon in the Juan de Fuca Strait, with a focus on understanding the relationships between different sublethal indicators and whether mortality could be predicted in @entity2322 ( @entity2322 ) bycatch. We monitored mortality using a ~24-h net pen experiment (N = 118) and acoustic telemetry (N = 50), two approaches commonly used to assess bycatch mortality that have rarely been directly compared. Short-term mortality was 21% in the net pen experiment (~24 h) and estimated at 20% for telemetry-tagged fish (~48-96 h). Mortality was predicted by @entity73 , but only in the net pen experiment. Higher reflex impairment was mirrored by perturbations to plasma ions and @entity880 , supporting the notion that reflex impairment can be used as a proxy for departure from physiological homeostasis. @entity73 also significantly correlated with @entity130 , while @entity130 were significantly correlated with plasma ion concentrations. The higher time-specific mortality rate in the net pen and the fact that reflexes and injury corresponded with mortality in that experiment, but not in the telemetry-tagged fish released into the wild could be explained partly by confinement stress. While holding experiments offer the potential to provide insights into the underlying causes of mortality, chronic confinement stress can complicate the interpretation of patterns and ultimately affect mortality rates. Collectively, these results help refine our understanding of the different sublethal metrics used to assess bycatch and the mechanisms that can lead to mortality.

title: Mechanisms to explain purse seine bycatch mortality of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury scores']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment, injury', 'Reflex impairment', 'injury and reflex impairment']

entities_list: @entity2322 :: ('8019', 'Species') :: ['coho salmon', 'Oncorhynchus kisutch']

answer: @entity2322 :: (8019,Species) :: ['coho salmon']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To highlight research studies examining rehabilitation for hip and @entity626 ( @entity571 ), as well as the outcome measures used to assess treatment efficacy, published in 2013. DESIGN: A systematic search was performed in Medline, CIHAHL and Embase databases from January to December 2013. The search was limited to 2013, @entity1 studies, and English. Rehabilitation intervention studies included were prospective controlled designs. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system was used to evaluate the quality of evidence. First, individual articles were rated for quality. Second, articles were grouped based on outcome: @entity66 markers, @entity158 , physical function (self-reported, performance), and health. RESULTS: Of 503 titles reviewed, 36 studies were included. The outcome measures related to @entity66 markers were organized into subthemes of anthropometrics, biomechanics and physiology. The quality of evidence was of moderate, high, and low quality for anthropometric, biomechanical and physiological measures respectively. These studies supported the use of diet for @entity353 combined with exercise. Bodies of evidence that showed the efficacy of exercise and passive strategies (thermal/electrical modalities, traction, manual therapy) for reducing @entity158 were of low and moderate quality respectively. The evidence supporting diet and exercise, physiotherapy, and passive strategies to improve physical function was of moderate quality. Evidence supporting exercise to improve psychological factors was of moderate quality. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise combined with diet for @entity353 should be the mainstays of rehabilitation for @entity1 with knee and hip @entity571 to provide benefit to @entity66 markers, @entity158 , physical function, and health.

title: XXXX Year in Review 2014: rehabilitation and outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['OA disease']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['Osteoarthritis']


abstract: Acutely administered @entity32015 ( @entity14842 , ' @entity32015 ') has been proposed to have long-term positive effects on @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) symptoms when combined with psychotherapy. No preclinical data support a mechanistic basis for these claims. Given the persistent nature of psychotherapeutic gains facilitated by @entity14842 , we hypothesized that @entity14842 improves fear extinction learning, a key process in exposure-based therapies for @entity1005 . In these experiments, @entity19 were first exposed to cued fear conditioning and treated with drug vehicle or @entity14842 before extinction training 2 days later. @entity14842 was administered systemically and also directly targeted to brain structures known to contribute to extinction. In addition to behavioral measures of extinction, changes in mRNA levels of @entity9140 ( @entity9140 ) and @entity9830 were measured after @entity14842 treatment and extinction. @entity14842 (7.8 mg kg(-1)) persistently and robustly enhanced long-term extinction when administered before extinction training. @entity14842 increased the expression of @entity9830 in the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), whereas increases in @entity9140 expression were observed only in the amygdala after extinction training. Extinction enhancements were recapitulated when @entity14842 (1  g) was infused directly into the basolateral complex of the amygdala (BLA), and enhancement was abolished when @entity9140 signaling was inhibited before extinction. These findings suggest that @entity14842 enhances fear memory extinction through a @entity9140 -dependent mechanism, and that @entity14842 may be a useful adjunct to exposure-based therapies for @entity1005 and other @entity148 characterized by altered fear learning.

title: XXXX facilitates fear extinction learning.

entities_list: @entity9140 :: ('12064(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Bdnf', 'brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

entities_list: @entity32015 :: ('D018817', 'Chemical') :: ['ecstasy', '3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorders']

answer: @entity32015 :: (D018817,Chemical) :: ['3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This prospective 105-site study was conducted to determine the rate of @entity410 and other serious adverse experiences associated with the therapeutic use of the sustained-release formulation of @entity752 ( @entity752 SR). METHOD: 3100 @entity1 with a DSM-III-R diagnosis of @entity308 without a current or past diagnosis of an @entity1277 and with no personal or family history of @entity410 disorders were treated for up to 8 weeks with @entity752 SR in an open-label study. Dosing was initiated at 50 mg b.i.d. and increased to a maximum of 150 mg b.i.d. unless not tolerated. @entity1 had the option to continue treatment with @entity752 SR (50 mg b.i.d. to 150 mg b.i.d.) in a continuation phase lasting up to 1 year. During the acute and continuation phases, @entity1 were evaluated for the occurrence of @entity410 and other serious adverse experiences. Clinical response to and tolerability of @entity752 SR were also evaluated. RESULTS: Three @entity1 each experienced a @entity410 associated with the therapeutic use of @entity752 SR during the acute and continuation phases combined. The observed @entity410 rate during the 8-week acute phase was 2 @entity410 in 3094 evaluable @entity1 , or 0.06%. The observed @entity410 rate for the acute and continuation phases combined was 3 @entity410 in 3094 @entity1 , or 0.10%. Survival analysis yielded a cumulative @entity410 rate of 0.08% for the acute phase and 0.15% for both phases combined. Two @entity1 who intentionally overdosed with @entity752 SR also experienced @entity410 ; however, these events were not included in calculations of the overall @entity410 rate. Therapeutic doses of @entity752 SR were well tolerated and clinically efficacious. CONCLUSION: The therapeutic use of @entity752 SR at total daily doses up to 300 mg/day in @entity308 @entity1 without predisposition to @entity410 is associated with a @entity410 rate that is well within the range observed with other marketed antidepressants.

title: A prospective safety surveillance study for XXXX sustained-release in the treatment of @entity308 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorder']

entities_list: @entity752 :: ('MESH:D016642', 'Chemical') :: ['bupropion']

answer: @entity752 :: (MESH:D016642,Chemical) :: ['bupropion']


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: The treatment of @entity6275 with @entity272 at the foot or the ankle is uneasy. In such cases, free @entity3986 are currently advised but they are less reliable in @entity1 with medical diseases. In such difficult cases we have used the distally based soleus island flap, vascularized with retrograde flow on the posterior tibial artery. The technique and the indications of this flap are discussed. @entity1 AND METHOD: This flap has been used for seven @entity1 with @entity79 and skin defects measuring an average of 10 x 7 cm. The preoperative arteriography had to find the whole three arteries at the leg, with a good distal anastomotic arcade. The soleus muscle was raised with the posterior tibial artery, after it was ligated proximally and dissected up to the tarsal tunnel. RESULTS: All of the seven flaps totally survived, except one that a marginal @entity39 treated by excision and iterative dissection of the pedicle for a more distal repositioning. No @entity922 was found on the legs. At the last review, all the @entity4034 were cured. DISCUSSION: The soleus island flap, distally vascularized on the posterior tibial artery, is a reliable flap, useful for the coverage of the distal leg, from the ankle to the very distal foot. Harvesting a major artery at the leg should be weighed against the failure of a free flap in high risk @entity1 .

title: [Coverage of XXXX of the ankle and the foot using a soleus muscle island flap, vascularized with retrograde flow on the posterior tibial artery. A seven cases report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6275 :: ('MESH:C535456', 'Disease') :: ['chronic osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['muscular flaps']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone infection']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['large skin defects']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinical vascular deficiency']

answer: @entity6275 :: (MESH:C535456,Disease) :: ['chronic osteomyelitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify when, from the standpoint of relative risk, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-based screening may be effective in @entity1 with a known or suspected genetic predisposition to @entity788 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors developed a Markov model of @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ). The model was calibrated to National @entity5 Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry data and informed by the literature. A hypothetical screening strategy was evaluated in which all population individuals underwent one-time MR imaging screening at age 50 years. Screening outcomes for individuals with an average risk for @entity1124 ("base case") were compared with those for individuals at an increased risk to assess for differential benefits in populations with a known or suspected genetic predisposition. Effects of varying key inputs, including MR imaging performance, surgical mortality, and screening age, were evaluated with a sensitivity analysis. RESULTS In the base case, screening resulted in a small number of @entity5 deaths averted (39 of 100 000 @entity1 , 38 of 100 000 @entity1 ) and a net decrease in life expectancy (-3 days for @entity1 , -4 days for @entity1 ), which was driven by unnecessary pancreatic surgeries associated with false-positive results. Life expectancy gains were achieved if an individual's risk for @entity1124 exceeded 2.4 ( @entity1 ) or 2.7 ( @entity1 ) times that of the general population. When relative risk increased further, for example to 30 times that of the general population, averted @entity5 deaths and life expectancy gains increased substantially (1219 of 100 000 @entity1 , life expectancy gain: 65 days; 1204 of 100 000 @entity1 , life expectancy gain: 71 days). In addition, results were sensitive to MR imaging specificity and the surgical mortality rate. CONCLUSION: Although @entity1124 screening with MR imaging for the entire population is not effective, individuals with even modestly increased risk may benefit.

title: Targeted screening of individuals at high risk for XXXX : results of a simulation model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['PDAC', 'pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To achieve high efficiency @entity1091 ion batteries (LIBs), an effective active material is important. In this regard, monodisperse mesoporous @entity6701 beads (MMTBs) featuring well interconnected nanoparticles were synthesised, and their mesoporous properties were tuned to study how these affect the electrochemical performance in LIBs. Two pore diameters of 15 and 25 nm, three bead diameters of 360, 800 and 2100 nm, and various annealing temperatures (from 300 to 650   C) were investigated. The electrochemical results showed that while the pore size does not significantly influence the electrochemical behaviour, the specific surface area and the nanocrystal size affect the performance. Also, there is an optimum annealing temperature that enhances electron transfer across the titania bead structure. The @entity505 content employed in the electrode was varied, showing that the bead diameter strongly influences the minimal content of the conductive @entity505 required to fabricate the electrode. As a general rule, the smaller the bead diameter, the more @entity505 was required in the electrode. A large energy capacity and high current rate performance were achieved on the MMTBs featuring high surface area, nano-sized anatase crystals and well-sintered connections between the nanocrystals. The high stability of these mesoporous structures was demonstrated by charge/discharge cycling up to 500 cycles. Devices constructed with the MMTBs retained more than 80% of the initial capacity, indicating an excellent performance.

title: Monodisperse mesoporous anatase beads as high performance and safer anodes for XXXX ion batteries.

answer: @entity1091 :: (MESH:D008094,Chemical) :: ['lithium']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The retroviral genome consists of an intron-containing transcript that has essential cytoplasmic functions in the infected cell. This viral transcript can escape splicing, circumvent the nuclear checkpoint mechanisms and be transported to the cytoplasm by hijacking the host machinery. Once in the cytoplasm, viral unspliced RNA acts as mRNA to be translated and as genomic RNA to be packaged into nascent viruses. The @entity19 @entity1778 virus (MLV) is among the first retroviruses discovered and is classified as simple Retroviridae due to its minimal encoding capacity. The oncogenic and transduction abilities of MLV are extensively studied, whereas surprisingly the crucial step of its nuclear export has remained unsolved until 2014. Recent work has revealed the recruitment by MLV of the cellular @entity69751 / @entity69751 -dependent pathway for export. Unconventionally, MLV uses of @entity69751 to export both spliced and unspliced viral RNAs. Unlike other retroviruses, MLV does not harbor a unique RNA signal for export. Indeed, multiple sequences throughout the MLV genome appear to promote export of the unspliced MLV RNA. We review here the current understanding of the export mechanism and highlight the determinants that influence MLV export. As the molecular mechanism of MLV export is elucidated, we will gain insight into the contribution of the export pathway to the cytoplasmic fate of the viral RNA.

title: Insights into the nuclear export of @entity19 XXXX virus intron-containing RNA.

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: Randomized controlled studies show that screening mammograms are as important for @entity1 aged 40-49 as for @entity1 50 years old and above. It was the improper use of retrospective, unplanned, sub-group analysis to advise @entity1 and their physicians that caused the controversy over mammograms for @entity1 under 50. Furthermore, arbitrarily grouping @entity1 into two groups leads to the incorrect conclusion that the age of 50 is a significant break point when it is not. The data demonstrates that none of the parameters of screening change abruptly at age 50. The recall rates (an abnormal mammogram) and the rate at which biopsies are recommended are virtually the same, regardless of age. @entity0 is not a trivial problem for @entity1 in their forties. More than 30% of the years of life lost to @entity0 are from @entity1 diagnosed while in their forties. Because of changing demographics, in 1995 and 1996, there were actually more @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 in their forties than for @entity1 in their fifties. The data clearly show that screening @entity1 for @entity0 , on an annual basis, beginning by age 40, can reduce the death rate by approximately 24%. It is important to separate medical and scientific analyses from the economic considerations. "Society" may decide that it is too expensive to screen @entity1 for @entity0 , but @entity1 should be provided with the scientific and medical information so that they can participate in the discussion of whether screening is "worthwhile" and decide whether or not to avail themselves of its benefit. The economics should not be used to influence the scientific and medical analysis of benefit.

title: An overview of the XXXX screening controversy.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Severe @entity3126 sometimes develops despite normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (Ppw). The equation describing net transvascular flux of lung liquid predicts decreased @entity4 when hydrostatic pressure is reduced or when colloid osmotic pressure is increased in the pulmonary vessels. We tested these predictions in a model of pulmonary capillary leak produced in 35 @entity235 by intravenous @entity3952 . 1 h later, the @entity235 were divided into five equal groups and treated for 4 h in different ways: (a) not treated, to serve as the control group (Ppw = 11.1 mm Hg); (b) given albumin to increase colloid osmotic pressure by 5 mm Hg (Ppw = 10.6 mm Hg); (c) ventilated with 10 cm @entity4358 positive end-expiratory pressure (Peep) (transmural Ppw = 10.4 mm Hg); (d) phlebotomized to reduce Ppw to 6 mm Hg; (e) infused with @entity1854 , which also reduced Ppw to 6 mm Hg. Phlebotomy and @entity1854 reduced the @entity4 in excised lungs by 50% (P< 0.001), but Peep and albumin did not affect the @entity4 . Pulmonary shunt decreased on Peep and increased on @entity1854 , and lung compliance was not different among the treatment groups, demonstrating that these variables are poor indicators of changes in @entity4 . Cardiac output decreased during the treatment period in all but the @entity1854 group, where Ppw decreased and cardiac output did not. We conclude that @entity235 @entity3952 @entity3126 is reduced by small reductions in hydrostatic pressure, but not by increased colloid osmotic pressure, because the vascular permeability to liquid and protein is increased. These results suggest that low pressure @entity3126 may be reduced by seeking the lowest Ppw consistent with adequate cardiac output enhanced by vasoactive agents like @entity1854 . Further, colloid infusions and Peep are not helpful in reducing @entity4 , so they may be used in the lowest amount that provides adequate circulating volume and arterial @entity3612 saturation on nontoxic inspired @entity3612 . Until these therapeutic principles receive adequate clinical trial, they provide a rationale for carefully monitored @entity65 in treating @entity1 with pulmonary capillary leak.

title: Treatment of acute low pressure @entity3126 in @entity235 : relative effects of hydrostatic and oncotic pressure, XXXX , and positive end-expiratory pressure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3952 :: ('MESH:D019301', 'Chemical') :: ['oleic acid']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular manipulation']

answer: @entity1854 :: (MESH:D009599,Chemical) :: ['nitroprusside']


abstract: The biochemical basis for the functional heterogeneity of @entity1 blood platelets was investigated in terms of protein phosphorylation, cytoplasmic @entity460 ([ @entity141 ]i), the ratio of 46 and 50 kDa @entity19319 ( @entity19319 ), and @entity3007 -binding proteins (G-proteins). Platelets were fractionated by density. Comparing resting low-density platelets (LDP) to @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) revealed higher phosphorylation of proteins in the 47, 31, and 24 kDa ranges. A higher phosphorylation of the 20 kDa protein in LDP compared to @entity2101 was related to an enhanced [ @entity141 ]i, an increased @entity857 -ribosylation of the inhibitory G-protein (G(i alpha1-3)) and @entity3547 , and a decreased @entity857 -ribosylation of the stimulatory G-protein (G(s alpha)). The differences in the ribosylation patterns of the subpopulations were not influenced by thrombin stimulation or exposure to @entity5015 ( @entity5015 ). An 18 kDa phosphoprotein was more highly phosphorylated in resting @entity2101 than in LDP. Thrombin exposure caused dephosphorylation of the 18 kDa phosphoprotein in the @entity2101 , but generally increased phosphorylation of both @entity2101 and LDP in the 47, 31, 24, and 20 kDa bands. Preincubation with @entity5015 or @entity1854 diminished the subsequent thrombin-induced increase in phosphorylation, particularly in @entity2101 . In unstimulated @entity2101 , the 50 kDa @entity19319 phospho form was enhanced, whereas in unstimulated LDP the 46 kDa @entity19319 dephospho form was increased. Our findings suggest that the functional heterogeneity of platelets is partly derived from differences in signal transduction mechanisms reflected in varying phosphoprotein patterns and G-protein properties of platelet stimulatory and inhibitory pathways.

title: Analysis of GTP-binding proteins, phosphoproteins, and cytosolic @entity460 in functional heterogeneous XXXX blood platelet subpopulations.

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity5015 :: ('MESH:D000527', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E1', 'PGE1']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['high-density platelets', 'HDP']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity19319 :: ('7408', 'Gene') :: ['vasodilator-stimulated protein', 'VASP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: Disturbed sleep is a common complaint in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). The majority of the research investigating relationships between sleep and @entity1 -reported outcomes in @entity309 has focused on @entity158 and @entity308 . Poor sleep may also affect disability, though this association has not been explored in @entity309 . The present study represents a cross-sectional examination of the relationship between @entity25 and functional disability in 162 @entity1 with @entity309 . @entity308 , @entity158 severity, and @entity1295 were examined as separate mediators of the relationship between @entity25 and disability. METHODS: The sample had an average age of 58.47 years, and 76% were female. @entity1 completed the following questionnaires as part of a medication adherence intervention study: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Beck @entity308 Inventory-II, Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36, and the Health Assessment Questionnaire. RESULTS: Poor @entity25 was significantly correlated with higher levels of @entity308 , greater @entity158 severity, @entity717 . Hierarchical regression analyses showed that @entity25 was not associated with functional disability when @entity308 , @entity158 severity, and @entity1295 were entered into the model. Separate mediation analyses of @entity308 , @entity158 severity, and @entity1295 revealed that @entity158 severity and @entity1295 were mediators of the relationship between @entity25 and disability. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep quality has an indirect effect on functional disability through its relationship with @entity158 severity and @entity1295 . Future research should investigate whether improvements in sleep can reduce disability in @entity1 with @entity309 .

title: Sleep quality and functional disability in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep quality']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['increased fatigue, and greater functional disability']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The demonstrated clinical efficacy of a @entity8310 virus (rVSV) vaccine vector has stimulated the investigation of additional serologically distinct Vesiculovirus vectors as therapeutic and/or prophylactic vaccine vectors to combat emerging @entity1800 . Amongst these viral threats are encephalitic alphaviruses, Venezuelan and eastern equine encephalitic viruses ( @entity22146 , EEEV), which have demonstrated potential for natural disease outbreaks, yet no licensed vaccines are available in the event of an epidemic. Here we report rescue of recombinant @entity68866 (rISFV) from genomic cDNA as a potential new vaccine vector platform. The rISFV genome was modified to attenuate virulence and engineered to express @entity22146 and EEEV E2/E1 surface glycoproteins as vaccine antigens. A single dose of the rISFV vaccine vectors elicited neutralizing antibody responses and protected @entity19 from lethal @entity22146 and EEEV challenge at one month post-vaccination as well as lethal @entity22146 challenge at eight months post-vaccination. A mixture of rISFV vectors expressing @entity22146 and EEEV E2/E1 glycoproteins also provided durable, single-dose protection from lethal @entity22146 and EEEV challenge, demonstrating the potential for a multivalent vaccine formulation. These findings were paralleled in studies with an attenuated form of rVSV expressing @entity22146 E2/E1 glycoproteins. Both rVSV and rISFV vectors were attenuated using an approach which has demonstrated safety in @entity1 trials of an rVSV/ @entity2858 vaccine. @entity18186 based on either of these vaccine vector platforms may present a safe and effective approach to prevent alphavirus induced disease in @entity1 . IMPORTANCE: This work introduces rISFV as a novel vaccine vector platform that is serologically distinct and phylogenetically distant from VSV. The rISFV vector has been attenuated by an approach used for an rVSV vector that has demonstrated safety in clinical studies. The vaccine potential of the rISFV vector was investigated in a well-established alphavirus disease model. The findings indicate the feasibility of producing a safe, efficacious, multivalent vaccine against the encephalitic alphaviruses @entity22146 and EEEV, both of which can cause @entity66 . The work also demonstrates efficacy of an attenuated rVSV vector that has already demonstrated safety and immunogenicity in multiple @entity2858 Phase I clinical studies. The absence of serological cross-reactivity between rVSV and rISFV and their phylogenetic divergence within the Vesiculovirus genus indicates potential for two stand-alone vaccine vector platforms that could be used to target multiple bacterial and/or viral agents in successive immunization campaigns, or as heterologous prime-boost agents.

title: Recombinant @entity68866 and XXXX virus vaccine vectors provide durable, multivalent, single dose protection against lethal alphavirus challenge.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['fatal disease']

entities_list: @entity8310 :: ('MESH:D054243', 'Disease') :: ['recombinant vesicular stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral diseases']

answer: @entity8310 :: (MESH:D054243,Disease) :: ['vesicular stomatitis']