abstract: UNASSIGNED: 465^ Background: Multiple targeted therapies have become available for @entity1358 over the past decade. @entity2857 is an orally active multikinase inhibitor which has been shown to improve progression free survival in low-risk and intermediate-risk status advanced clear-cell @entity1358 after previous systemic therapy. METHODS: Between May 2006 and December 2010, @entity1 with advanced @entity1358 with either clear cell or non-clear cell histopathology who had progressed on prior systemic chemotherapy or were treatment na  ve, ECOG performance status 0-2, commenced treatment with @entity2857 (400-mg twice daily continuously) through an expanded access clinical trial in two tertiary centres in Sydney and Melbourne. We report the pooled outcomes of these two studies. RESULTS: Total 47 @entity1 with metastatic @entity1358 were treated with @entity2857 . The median overall survival of advanced @entity1358 was 11.9 months. After median follow up of 51.3 months, the median PFS was 6.5 months. 38 @entity1 died by the time of analysis. Overall 1 @entity1 showed complete response (CR), 6 @entity1 (13%) had partial response (PR), and 29 @entity1 (62%) had stable disease (SD) as the best response. 8 (17%) had non-clear cell histopathology and 5 (10%) had sarcomatoid features. In non-clear cell cohort, 5 @entity1 (62.5%) showed SD. 23 (49%) @entity1 were treatment na  ve; 1/23 showed CR, 5/23 had PR and 13/23 had SD (clinical benefit: 83%). Overall 14 (30%) and 22 (47%) @entity1 had high risk status according to MSKCC and Heng prognostic scores, respectively. Median PFS for poor prognostic @entity1 was 5.1 and 4.2 months based on MSKCC and Heng scores, respectively. In MSKCC poor prognostic group, 1 @entity1 had CR, 2/14 showed PR and 8/14 had SD (clinical benefit: 79%). In Heng poor prognostic group, one @entity1 had CR, 2/22 showed PR and 13/22 had SD (clinical benefit: 73%). @entity2857 -related serious adverse events were seen in 10 @entity1 . The most common adverse events were @entity8566 (53%), @entity1910 (47%), @entity1295 (42%), @entity390 (40%), and @entity294 (32%). CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the efficacy and tolerability of @entity2857 in a different spectrum of advanced @entity1358 @entity1 including non-clear cell histology, poor prognostic status and as first-line treatment. CLINICAL TRIAL INFORMATION: ACTRN12606000140550.

title: Efficacy of @entity2857 in advanced @entity1358 ( XXXX ) independent of prior treatment, histology, or prognostic group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib', 'Sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity8566 :: ('MESH:D060831', 'Disease') :: ['hand-foot syndrome']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['RCC']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fear of reinjury and lack of confidence influence return-to-sport outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The physical, psychosocial, and functional recovery of @entity1 reporting fear of reinjury or lack of confidence as their primary barrier to resuming sports participation is unknown. PURPOSE: To compare physical impairment, functional, and psychosocial measures between subgroups based on return-to-sport status and fear of reinjury/lack of confidence in the return-to-sport stage and to determine the association of physical impairment and psychosocial measures with function for each subgroup at 6 months and 1 year after surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: @entity73 (quadriceps index [QI], quadriceps strength/body weight [QSBW], hamstring:quadriceps strength ratio [HQ ratio], @entity158 intensity), self-report of function ( @entity3538 [ @entity3538 ]), and psychosocial (Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia-shortened form [TSK-11]) measures were collected at 6 months and 1 year after surgery in 73 @entity1 with ACL reconstruction. At 1 year, subjects were divided into "return-to-sport" (YRTS) or "not return-to-sport" (NRTS) subgroups based on their self-reported return to preinjury sport status. @entity1 in the NRTS subgroup were subcategorized as NRTS-Fear/Confidence if fear of reinjury/lack of confidence was the primary reason for not returning to sports, and all others were categorized as NRTS-Other. RESULTS: A total of 46 subjects were assigned to YRTS, 13 to NRTS-Other, and 14 to NRTS-Fear/Confidence. Compared with the YRTS subgroup, the NRTS-Fear/Confidence subgroup was older and had lower QSBW, lower @entity3538 score, and higher TSK-11 score at 6 months and 1 year; however, they had similar @entity158 levels. In the NRTS-Fear/Confidence subgroup, the @entity3538 score was associated with QSBW and @entity158 at 6 months and QSBW, QI, @entity158 , and TSK-11 scores at 1 year. CONCLUSION: @entity158 -related fear of movement/reinjury, @entity425 , and reduced @entity3538 score distinguish @entity1 who are unable to return to preinjury sports participation because of fear of reinjury/lack of confidence. Despite low average @entity158 ratings, fear of @entity158 may influence function in this subgroup. Assessment of fear of reinjury, quadriceps strength, and self-reported function at 6 months may help identify @entity1 at risk for not returning to sports at 1 year and should be considered for inclusion in return-to-sport guidelines.

title: XXXX , Functional, and Psychosocial Measures Based on Fear of Reinjury/Lack of Confidence and Return-to-Sport Status After ACL Reconstruction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Physical impairment']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['IKDC', 'International Knee Documentation Committee']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['quadriceps weakness']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Elevated pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Comparison of Physical Impairment']


abstract: The gastric pathogen @entity1534 forms biofilms on abiotic and biotic surfaces. We have shown previously that @entity1534 perceives the quorum signal @entity1605 ( @entity1605 ) as a chemorepellent. We report here that @entity1534 chemorepulsion from endogenous @entity1605 influences the proportions and spatial organization of cells within biofilms. Strains that fail to produce @entity1605 (   luxS strains) or are defective for @entity6722 (   cheA strains) formed more spatially homogenous biofilms with a greater proportion of adherent versus planktonic cells than wild-type biofilms. Reciprocally, a strain that overproduced @entity1605 (luxS(OP)) formed biofilms with proportionally fewer adherent cells. Along with the known @entity1605 chemoreceptor, TlpB, we identified AibA and AibB, two novel periplasmic binding proteins that are required for the @entity1605 chemorepulsion response. Disruptions in any of the proteins required for @entity1605 @entity6722 recapitulated the biofilm adherence and spatial organization phenotype of the    luxS mutant. Furthermore, exogenous administration of @entity1605 was sufficient to decrease the proportion of adherent cells in biofilms and promote dispersal of cells from biofilms in a @entity6722 -dependent manner. Finally, we found that disruption of @entity1605 production or @entity1605 @entity6722 resulted in increased clustering of cells in microcolonies on cultured epithelial cells. We conclude that @entity6722 from @entity1605 is a determinant of @entity1534 biofilm spatial organization and dispersal. IMPORTANCE: Bacterial biofilms are ubiquitous in nature, but the mechanisms governing their assembly and spatial organization are not fully understood. Bacterial communication through quorum sensing has been shown to influence biofilm growth through the regulation of biofilm genes. Our study revealed a new role for quorum sensing in biofilms through rapid chemotactic responses to quorum signals. Specifically, we studied how chemorepulsion of @entity1534 from the universal quorum signal @entity1605 ( @entity1605 ) shapes the spatial organization of its biofilms. We demonstrate that the chemorepulsive response of @entity1534 to @entity1605 is necessary to promote its dispersal from biofilms grown on both abiotic and biotic surfaces and is sufficient to promote dispersal in a @entity6722 -dependent manner. This work has broad implications for understanding the mechanisms by which endogenously produced microbial compounds shape the assembly and spatial organization of microbial communities in their environments.

title: Chemorepulsion from the Quorum Signal Autoinducer-2 Promotes XXXX Biofilm Dispersal.

entities_list: @entity6722 :: ('MESH:C565534', 'Disease') :: ['chemotaxis']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter pylori', 'H.  pylori']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mistletoe extracts are widely used in @entity5 @entity1 due to their cytostatic and immunomodulatory effects. Essential components include mistletoe lectins which act as biomodulators with proinflammatory and apoptosisinducing effects. This study investigates the acute and longterm effects of standardized mistletoe extract (Iscador(R) M spec 5 mg) on thymocyte subpopulations and peripheral T-cells using a @entity19 (Balb/c) model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using cell surface @entity1961 /CD8 staining and flow cytometry, we followed the changes in @entity1961 -CD8- @entity14485 ( @entity14485 ), @entity1961 (+)CD8(+) double-positive (DP) and @entity1961 (+) or CD8(+) single-positive (SP) T-cells 24 h after single or repeated injections of 3 different dilutions (1:12, 1:60, 1:300) corresponding to 2.1, 0.42 and 0.08 mg/kg of Iscador. Thymocyte apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry using @entity10440 and @entity2667 . RESULTS: 24 h after a single injection of the 2 lower doses, the number of @entity14485 thymocytes increased significantly with an enhanced ratio of apoptotic cells. Following administration of the lowest dose, in peripheral blood the @entity1961 (+)/CD8(+) ratio was elevated. In the long-term trial, Balb/c @entity19 were treated twice a week with 3 different doses of Iscador +/- 20 mg/kg of @entity619 (DX), resulting in significantly enhanced @entity14485 thymocytes and elevated levels of apoptotic cells after treatment with the 2 lower doses. Iscador also inhibited the DX-induced reduction in the thymic @entity14485 cell count, as well as the DX-induced decrease in the @entity1961 (+)/CD8(+) ratio and @entity1961 (+) in the peripheral blood. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that standardized mistletoe extract modulates proliferation and apoptosis of thymocytes in a dose-dependent manner and may act lymphoprotective during DX treatment.

title: Effects of mistletoe extract on XXXX thymocytes in vivo and on glucocorticoid-induced cell count reduction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14485 :: ('MESH:D005671', 'Disease') :: ['double-negative', 'DN']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: The operative records of 2816 @entity1 undergoing repair for @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) from 1955 to 1985 were reviewed. Inflammatory aortic or @entity1029 were present in 127 @entity1 (4.5%), 123 @entity1 and four @entity1 . Most @entity1 were heavy smokers (92.1%). Clinical evidence of peripheral @entity432 and @entity453 was found in 26.6% and 39.4%, respectively. Additional @entity439 occurred in half of the @entity1 ; @entity1029 were the most common (55 @entity1 ), followed by @entity1514 or thoracoabdominal (17 @entity1 ), femoral (16 @entity1 ), and popliteal @entity439 (10 @entity1 ). Ultrasound and computed tomography suggested the diagnosis in 13.5% and 50%, respectively; angiography was not helpful. Excretory urographic findings of medial ureteral displacement or obstruction suggested the diagnosis in 31.4%. The @entity439 was repaired in 126 @entity1 . Only one @entity1 experienced acute @entity1756 , but eight @entity1 had chronic contained leakage. When compared with @entity1 who have ordinary @entity731 , @entity1 with inflammatory @entity439 are significantly more likely to have an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR, 73% vs. 33%, p less than 0.0001); @entity353 (20.5% vs. 10%, p less than 0.05); symptoms (66% vs. 20%, p less than 0.0001); and an increased operative mortality rate (7.9% vs. 2.4%, p less than 0.002). The triad of chronic @entity490 , @entity353 , and elevated ESR in a @entity1 with an @entity1028 is highly suggestive of an inflammatory @entity439 and may be beneficial in the preoperative preparation of the @entity1 for @entity439 repair.

title: Inflammatory XXXX : a thirty-year review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1029 :: ('MESH:D017543', 'Disease') :: ['iliac aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm rupture']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Research has demonstrated that exposure to violence and adversity has negative effects on both mental health and biobehavioral outcomes, such as @entity25 . Research examining the relationship between past and recent violence exposure and mental health suggests that the effects of childhood adversity are especially pernicious, but to date, no studies have attempted to disentangle the direct, indirect and relative effects of past year versus childhood exposure to violence and adversity on sleep. The objective of the current study was to examine the direct effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and past year intimate partner violence (IPV) on different aspects of @entity25 in pregnant @entity1 . METHOD: A sample of high-risk pregnant @entity1 (n = 101) were interviewed. Mediation analysis with bias-corrected, bootstrapped confidence intervals was used to evaluate direct and indirect effects. RESULTS: Findings indicated that while ACEs had significant direct effects on mental health, past year IPV had stronger effects on @entity25 , latency, and efficiency. ACEs did, however, indirectly affect subjective @entity25 via past year @entity458 . CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that @entity25 may be a regulatory stress response that is most clearly linked to past year violence and @entity130 . That is, though long-term @entity25 may be evident following childhood adversity, it is likely that this relationship is better explained by the role of childhood adversity in predicting adulthood revictimization or due to long-term mental health difficulties associated with early @entity130 . (PsycINFO Database Record

title: Consequences of Violence Across the Lifespan: Mental Health and Sleep Quality in Pregnant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep quality', 'sleep health', 'sleep disturbance']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological IPV']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Extra @entity39 (EPN) alone represents a subgroup of @entity788 with better outcome than @entity1 with @entity39 ( @entity39 ). However, data on clinical significance of @entity68234 is limited and significance of extent of EPN is not known. METHODS: 213 @entity1 (136 (63.8%) males; mean age: 39.8    13.2 years) with @entity656 ( @entity656 ) were prospectively enrolled and followed up till recovery or death. Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of each @entity1 was retrospectively evaluated for presence of @entity39 and EPN, @entity1143 and @entity843 . EPN was termed extensive if it extended to paracolic gutters or pelvis. RESULTS: 21 (9.9%) @entity1 had @entity788 , 7 (3.3%) @entity1 had @entity39 alone, 48 (22.5%) @entity1 had EPN alone and 137 (64.3%) @entity1 had combined @entity39 _ EPN. @entity1 with EPN alone had significantly higher frequency of organ failure than @entity1 with @entity788 . Compared with @entity1 with EPN alone, the @entity1 with combined @entity39 had significantly higher frequency of @entity1143 (88.2% versus 75%), @entity843 (41% versus 20.8%), and need for intervention (32.6% versus 14.6%). @entity1 with extensive EPN (n=57) had significantly higher frequency of @entity1143 , @entity843 and @entity881 ( @entity881 ) than those with limited EPN. CONCLUSION: EPN alone should be considered as a separate category of @entity656 as it has less severe course than @entity39 but has more severe course than @entity788 . @entity1 with extensive EPN in spite of having increased frequency of @entity843 , @entity1143 and @entity881 had similar outcome as compared to @entity1 with limited EPN.

title: Clinical Significance of Presence and Extent of Extra @entity39 in Acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pancreatitis', 'pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['AP', 'acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['PN', 'pancreatic necrosis', 'necrosis', 'pancreatic parenchymal necrosis']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multi-organ failure', 'MOF']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Some @entity1 seem to show a particular propensity to experience systemic reactions (SR) when undergoing @entity9285 . This study looked at their features. METHODS: 423 adults submitted to @entity9285 ( @entity9285 ) with 583 depot allergens extracts were studied. A "slow" build-up schedule was followed, and maintenance doses were given monthly. No mixtures of allergens were employed; multi-sensitized @entity1 were treated with two extracts at the same time. IgE to pollen allergen components were measured. @entity1 experiencing several SR and those showing repeated large local reactions preventing up dosing were analyzed. RESULT: Altogether, 14% of @entity1 experienced at least 2 SR to @entity9285 and further 13% repeated local reactions. All SR involved the skin. Eight treatments were stopped. No reactor was using beta-blockers. SR were not associated with pollen season, use of freshly prepared vials, administration of 2 allergens, or extract producer, nor were preceded by large local reactions. Reactors were younger than tolerant subjects (p < 0.05), and females were less frequently fully tolerant than males (p < 0.001). The multiple regression analysis showed that both ragweed and grass @entity9285 were significantly associated with adverse reactions (p < 0.001). Specific IgE to Amb a 1 or Phl p 1 did not differ statistically between reactors and tolerant subjects, whereas grass pollen-allergic reactors showed higher levels of IgE to Phl p 5. Intolerance did not depend on the number of primary sensitizations or on @entity56 to pollen pan-allergens. CONCLUSION: Young @entity1 or @entity1 hypersensitive to grass and ragweed pollen seem at higher risk for SR during @entity9285 .

title: Detection of risk factors for systemic adverse reactions to XXXX with natural depot allergen extracts: a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity9285 :: ('MESH:D013352', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous immunotherapy', 'SCIT']

answer: @entity9285 :: (MESH:D013352,Disease) :: ['SCIT']


abstract: A 48-year-old @entity1 admitted with progressive @entity1353 had previously been diagnosed with @entity1252 , @entity1701 , and @entity177 , and had undergone mitral valve replacement with a Carpentier-Edwards pericardial bioprosthesis for @entity339 9 years before. She suffered a @entity385 5 years earlier, despite appropriate anticoagulant therapy. On admission, echocardiography showed severe @entity850 . Repeat mitral valve replacement was conducted using a Mosaic bioprosthesis. On postoperative day 2, when heparinization was commenced, she suddenly had an @entity302 fit. She also developed @entity39 , considered secondary to microthrombosis. @entity117 was administered and heparin replaced by @entity1229 . @entity39 gradually disappeared, and she was discharged 3 months after surgery. The original bioprosthesis showed degenerative changes with significant @entity715 formation on cusps, thought to be mainly due to her hypercoagulable state. Considering the thrombophilic tendency in patients with @entity1701 , strict management of anticoagulant therapy is required.

title: Secondary mitral valve replacement in XXXX and @entity177 .

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic necrosis of the fingers and toes', 'Necrosis']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['antiphospholipid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['bioprosthetic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin sodium']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity1701 :: (MESH:D016736,Disease) :: ['antiphospholipid syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Alterations of @entity9140 ( @entity9140 ) have been associated with the development of addiction to different drugs of abuse, including @entity1068 ( @entity167 ). @entity167 exposure activates the @entity9140 -signaling cascade in dorsal striatum, which in turn affects further @entity167 intake. Different @entity285 exposures have been widely demonstrated to modulate chromatin remodeling, affecting histone acetylation/deacetylation balance. Recently, class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibition has been reported to modulate @entity9140 mRNA expression and to attenuate morphological and behavioral phenomena related to @entity167 exposure. However, the role played by different HDAC isoforms in @entity167 -induced plasticity is still unclear. METHODS: We investigated the effects induced by acute @entity167 exposure on the protein levels of class I @entity12231 -3 isoforms of @entity164 ( @entity164 ) and @entity9140 heterozygous @entity19 ( @entity9140 (+/-)), in nuclear and cytoplasmic extracts of specific brain regions associated with @entity167 addiction. RESULTS: Nuclear @entity12231 -3 levels were markedly reduced after acute @entity167 treatment in the caudate putamen (CPu) of @entity164 @entity19 only. Furthermore, CPu basal levels of nuclear HDAC isoforms were significantly lower in @entity9140 (+/-) @entity19 compared to @entity164 . With the exception of nuclear @entity31934 , no significant changes were observed after acute @entity167 treatment in the prefrontal cortex (PFCx) of @entity9140 (+/-) and @entity164 @entity19 . In this area, the nuclear HDAC basal levels were significantly different between the two experimental groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide details about @entity167 effects on class I HDAC isoforms and strongly support a correlation between @entity9140 and class I HDACs, suggesting a possible influence of BNDF on these enzymes.

title: Effects of acute @entity1068 exposure on class I HDACs family enzymes in XXXX and @entity9140 (+/-) @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity9140 :: ('12064(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['wild-type']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In a previous longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) study, we observed cerebral white matter (WM) alterations (reduced fractional anisotropy (FA)) related to decreased cognitive performance 3-5  months after chemotherapy-treatment (t2) when compared to baseline (t1) (Deprez et al. in Journal of Clinical Oncology: Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 30(3), 274-281. doi:10.1200/JCO.2011.36.8571, 2012). The current study investigates the evolution and the nature of these previously observed microstructural changes. Twenty-five young @entity1 with @entity0 who received chemotherapy treatment (C+), 14 who did not receive chemotherapy (C-) and 15 healthy controls (HC) previously studied, underwent reassessment 3-4  years after treatment (t3). We assessed (1) longitudinal changes of cognitive performance and FA and (2) cross-sectional group differences in myelin-water-imaging and multishell diffusion MRI metrics at t3. MRI metrics were assessed on a voxel-by-voxel basis and in regions-of-interest (ROI) in which previous @entity62 was detected. Longitudinal results: Mixed-effects modeling revealed significant group-time interactions for verbal memory and processing speed (p  <  0.05) reflecting regained performance in the C+ group at t3. Furthermore, in chemotherapy-treated @entity1 , FA returned to baseline levels at t3 in all ROIs (p  <  0.002), whereas no FA changes were seen in controls. Additionally, FA increase from t2 to t3 correlated with time since treatment in two of the four regions (r  =  0.40, p  <  0.05). Cross-sectional results: Advanced diffusion MRI and myelin-water imaging metrics in the ROIs did not differ between groups. Similarly, no whole-brain voxelwise differences were detected. Initial WM alterations and reduced cognitive performance following chemotherapy-treatment were found to recover in a group of young @entity0 survivors three to four years after treatment.

title: Recovery from chemotherapy-induced white matter changes in young XXXX survivors?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['WM injury']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'early-stage breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Metastatic lesions in the large bowel are rare. A case of single symptomatic colonic @entity3 as first presentation of @entity2 ( @entity3975 ) is described. A 62-year-old male was admitted with @entity1142 and @entity548 . Colonoscopy revealed extrinsic compression at sigmoid colon, and microscopy suggested a secondary origin. Subsequent chest computed tomography confirmed a right perihilar mass invading posterior mediastinum, carina and esophagus, and also a second consolidation on right lower lobe and ipsilateral mediastinal and subcarinal lymph nodes. After pathologic evaluation of a transthoracic biopsy specimen, the diagnosis of pulmonary high-grade @entity3975 , stage IV (T4, N3, M1b - 7th ed. @entity2802 ), was established. Chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel was initiated, and disease progression occurred after two cycles with increasing @entity694 . Palliative surgery was rejected because of advanced stage, and the @entity1 was submitted to palliative pelvic radiotherapy. Second-line chemotherapy with gemcitabine was initiated, but clinical status worsened and the @entity1 died because of severe lung failure. Clinical, pathological and therapeutic aspects of this uncommon site of extrathoracic @entity3 are discussed, emphasizing the important contribution of special stains and immunohistochemistry to the diagnosis.

title: Single symptomatic colonic XXXX as first presentation of a @entity2 .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic mass']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: @entity3190 ( @entity3190 ) and insulin resistance (IR) are frequently associated with @entity101 and @entity731 . However, the exact roles of @entity3190 and IR in the development of @entity101 are unclear. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) are well-characterized intracellular mediators of cell proliferation. In this study, we examined the contribution of MAPK pathway in insulin-stimulated mitogenesis using primary vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) isolated from aortas of normotensive @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 (WKY) and spontaneous @entity101 @entity35 (SHR). VSMCs were grown to confluence in culture, serum starved, and examined for DNA synthesis (using @entity665 (TDR), immunoprecipitated MAPK activity, and MAPK phosphatase ( @entity53044 ) induction). Basal rate of TDR incorporation into DNA was twofold higher in SHR compared with WKY (P < 0.005). Insulin caused a dose-dependent increase in TDR incorporation (150% over basal levels with 100 nM in 12 h). Stimulation was sustained for 24 h with a decline toward basal in 36 h. Pretreatment with @entity2135 ( @entity7814 antibody did not abolish mitogenesis mediated by 10-100 nM insulin, suggesting that insulin effect is mediated via its own receptors. Insulin had a small mitogenic effect in WKY (33% over basal). Insulin-stimulated mitogenesis was accompanied by a dose-dependent increase in MAPK activity in SHR, with a peak activation (>2-fold over basal) between 5 and 10 min with 100 nM insulin. Insulin had very small effects on MAPK activity in WKY. In contrast, serum-stimulated MAPK activation was comparable in WKY and SHR. Pretreatment with MEK inhibitor, @entity4286 , completely blocked insulin's effect on MAPK activation and mitogenesis. Inhibition of @entity4357 3-kinase with @entity2307 also prevented insulin's effects on MAPK activation and mitogenesis. In WKY, insulin and @entity2135 treatment resulted in a rapid induction of @entity53044 , the dual-specificity MAPK phosphatase. In contrast, VSMCs from SHR were resistant to insulin with respect to MPK-1 expression. We conclude that insulin is mitogenic in SHR, and the effect appears to be mediated by sustained MAPK activation due to impaired insulin-mediated @entity53044 mRNA expression, which may act as an inhibitory feedback loop in attenuating MAPK signaling.

title: Vascular smooth muscle cell growth and insulin regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2307 :: ('MESH:C009687', 'Chemical') :: ['wortmannin']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperinsulinemia', 'HI']

entities_list: @entity2135 :: ('24482(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor I', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: @entity8315 (JCV) is a common @entity1 polyomavirus that infects 70-80% of the population worldwide. In immunosuppressed individuals, JCV infects oligodendrocytes and causes a fatal @entity17 known as @entity7578 ( @entity7578 ). The tropism of JCV is restricted to oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and B lymphocytes. Several mechanisms may contribute to the restricted tropism of JCV, including the presence or absence of cell-type-specific transcription and replication factors and the presence or absence of cell-type-specific receptors. We have established a system to investigate cellular factors that influence viral tropism by selecting JCV-resistant cells from a susceptible glial cell line (SVG-A). SVG-A cells were subjected to several rounds of @entity1800 using @entity8315 ( @entity25089 ). A population of resistant cells emerged (SVGR2) that were refractory to infection with the @entity66857 strain of JCV, the hybrid virus @entity25089 , as well as to the related polyomavirus SV40. SVGR2 cells were as susceptible as the SVG-A cells to infection with an unrelated amphotropic retrovirus. The stage at which these cells are resistant to infection was investigated and the block appears to be at early viral gene transcription. This system should ultimately allow us to identify glial specific factors that influence the tropism of JCV.

title: Derivation of a @entity8315 -resistant XXXX glial cell line: implications for the identification of host cell factors that determine viral tropism.

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelinating disease']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity7578 :: ('MESH:D007968', 'Disease') :: ['progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy', 'PML']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Elevated fasting levels of branched chain @entity3534 (BCAAs: @entity4857 , @entity6778 , @entity368 ) in venous blood are associated with a variety of @entity209 , including increased risk of @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ). Fasting @entity18200 levels are influenced by non-dietary factors. However, it is unknown whether fasting BCAAs can be altered through manipulation of dietary intake alone. OBJECTIVE: To test whether a specific dietary intervention, using differences in @entity18200 intake, alters fasting @entity18200 levels independent of other factors. DESIGN: Five healthy male volunteers underwent 4 days of a low and 4 days of a high @entity18200 content dietary intervention (ClinicalTrials.gov [NCT02110602]). All food and supplements were provided. Fasting BCAAs were measured from venous blood samples by mass spectrometry at baseline and after each intervention. RESULTS: Diets were isocaloric; contained equal percentages of calories from @entity1735 , fats, and protein; and differed from each other in @entity18200 content (1.5  0.1 vs. 14.0  0.6 g for @entity4857 ; 4.5  0.9 g vs. 13.8  0.5 g for @entity6778 ; 2.1  0.2 g vs. 27.1  1.0 g for @entity368 ; p<0.0001 for all). Fasting @entity4857 was significantly lower (p=0.02) and fasting @entity6778 and @entity368 were numerically lower following the low @entity18200 content vs. the high @entity18200 content diet levels. The inter-individual response to the dietary interventions was variable and not explained by adherence. CONCLUSION: Short-term dietary manipulation of @entity18200 intake led to modest changes in fasting levels of BCAAs. The approach from our pilot study can be expanded to test the metabolic implications of dietary @entity18200 manipulation.

title: A pilot, short-term dietary manipulation of branched chain XXXX has modest influence on fasting levels of branched chain @entity3534 .

entities_list: @entity3534 :: ('MESH:D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity6778 :: ('CHEBI:24898', 'Chemical') :: ['isoleucine']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic impairments']

answer: @entity3534 :: (MESH:D000596,Chemical) :: ['amino acids']


abstract: @entity34 ( @entity34 ) is a class of medications widely prescribed to @entity1 in the Western world. Evidence from animal models and in vitro studies suggests that @entity172 may protect against @entity1317 and increase @entity935 synthesis, metabolism, and transport. Existing epidemiologic research indicates a possible reduced risk of @entity191 ( @entity191 ) associated with @entity34 use. The objective of this study was to evaluate @entity191 risk associated with specific @entity34 formulations. Neurologist-confirmed cases and age-matched controls were identified from Group Health Cooperative (GHC) of Washington State. Final analysis included 137 female cases and 227 controls. @entity34 use was ascertained from the GHC pharmacy database, further classified as conjugated @entity172 , esterified @entity172 , and @entity1871 . Ever use of @entity34 formulation demonstrated a suggested elevated risk with esterified @entity172 use (odds ratio [OR], 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-9.8), and no risk associated with conjugated @entity172 use (OR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.6-1.3). Restricting this analysis to prescriptions that included @entity1871 further elevated the risk associated with esterified @entity172 use (OR, 6.9; 95% CI, 2.1-22.9); again, no risk was associated with conjugated @entity172 use (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 0.6-5.0). The findings from this study suggest an increase in @entity191 risk associated with esterified @entity172 use combined with @entity1871 , and no risk associated with conjugated @entity172 with @entity1871 . These findings could have important implications for choice of @entity34 in clinical practice.    2014 International Parkinson and @entity717 Society.

title: Formulations of hormone therapy and risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['progestin']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['nigrostriatal system injury']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Movement Disorder']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['Hormone therapy', 'HT']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: In 33 pediatric cases of @entity432 of the @entity16260 (so-called @entity7025 ), clinical features and CAG findings were studied with emphasis on their evolutionary aspects. The subjects were clinically classified as follows; 23 cases of pure transient @entity63 attacks ( @entity4905 ), one presenting purely with @entity1188 , one mixed @entity4905 and @entity302 , two mixed @entity4905 + @entity1188 , and 6 mixed @entity302 and @entity1188 . The core symptom of the @entity4905 type is a recurrent unilateral or alternating unilateral paresis persisting for minutes or hours. Frequently hyperpnea provoked a @entity4905 . Follow-up observation of the @entity4905 type @entity1 for an average of 6 yrs 11 mos shows that about half the subjects became completely free of symptoms and the other half mostly improved considerably. In contrast, all @entity1 not presenting purely with @entity4905 ("non- @entity4905 " type) still had persistent @entity51 after a mean interval of 6 yrs 4 mos from the onset. The CAG findings in most cases belonged to stage III according to @entity6953 's classification. Therefore the authors subdivided stage III into 3 substages, IIIa, IIIb and IIIc. The longer the duration of the disease up to the CAG examination, the more advanced was the CAG stage. Repeat CAGs examined after a mean interval of 2 yrs 11 mos demonstrated the same stage in 32%, and progress by one or two stages in 55% and 14% of the sides examined, respectively.

title: Clinical and cerebral angiographic evolutions of @entity432 of the XXXX ("moyamoya" disease) in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16260 :: ('MESH:C536991', 'Disease') :: ['circle of Willis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity7025 :: ('MESH:D009072', 'Disease') :: ['moyamoya disease']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic progressive occlusive disease']

answer: @entity16260 :: (MESH:C536991,Disease) :: ['circle of Willis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An elevated intramuscular pressure during a single forearm isometric muscle contraction may restrict muscle @entity450 . However, during repeated isometric exercise, it is unclear to what extent mechanical compression and muscle vasodilatation contribute to the magnitude and time course of beat-to-beat limb hemodynamics, due to alterations in leg vascular conductance (LVC). METHODS: In eight healthy male subjects, the time course of both beat-to-beat leg blood flow (LBF) and LVC in the femoral artery was determined between repeated 10-s isometric thigh muscle contractions and 10-s @entity121 (a duty cycle of 20  s) for steady-state 120  s at five target workloads (10, 30, 50, 70, and 90  % of maximum @entity2472 (MVC)). The ratio of restricted LBF due to mechanical compression across workloads was determined by the formula (relaxation LBF   -   contraction LBF)/relaxation LBF (%). RESULTS: The exercise protocol was performed completely by all subjects ( <=50  % MVC), seven subjects ( <=70  % MVC), and two subjects ( <=90  % MVC). During a 10-s isometric muscle contraction, the time course in both beat-to-beat LBF and LVC displayed a fitting curve with an exponential increase (P   <   0.001, r (2)   >=    0.956) at each workload but no significant difference in mean LBF across workloads and pre-exercise. During a 10-s @entity121 , the time course in both beat-to-beat LBF and LVC increased as a function of workload, followed by a linear decline (P   <   0.001, r (2)   >=    0.889), that was workload-dependent, resulting in mean LBF increasing linearly across workloads (P   <   0.01, r (2)   =   0.984). The ratio of restricted LBF can be described as a single exponential decay with an increase in workload, which has inflection point distinctions between 30 and 50  % MVC. CONCLUSIONS: In a 20-s duty cycle of steady-state repeated @entity2472 , the post-contraction @entity450 (magnitude of both LBF and LVC) during @entity121 was in proportion to the workload, which is in agreement with previous findings. Furthermore, time-dependent beat-to-beat muscle vasodilatation was seen, but not restricted, during @entity2472 through all target workloads. Additionally, the relative contribution of mechanical obstruction and vasodilatation to the @entity450 observed in the repeated isometric exercise protocol was non-linear with regard to workload. In combination with repeated isometric exercise, the findings could potentially prove to be useful indicators of circulatory adjustment by mechanical compression for muscle-related disease.

title: Mechanical compression during repeated sustained XXXX and hyperemic recovery in healthy young males.

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle relaxation']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary contraction', 'isometric muscle contractions']

answer: @entity2472 :: (MESH:C536214,Disease) :: ['isometric muscle contractions']


abstract: @entity256 frequently occurs after arterial interventions. The inducible form of @entity842 synthase ( @entity13633 ) may both promote and inhibit @entity8233 formation. This study investigated the role of @entity13633 for @entity8233 formation in a @entity19 model of @entity1914 . The common carotid artery was ligated in anesthetized @entity19 . Homozygous @entity13633 knockout @entity19 were compared with wild-type B6/129 @entity19 or wild-type @entity19 treated with the pharmacologic @entity13633 inhibitor @entity5118 given orally daily after ligation (n = 6-8 in each group). Vessels were harvested for quantification of lesion size 4 weeks later, or serially after ligation for tissue analysis. mRNA for @entity13633 increased 1-4 days after ligation of the carotid artery. Cell proliferation could be visualized with an antibody against proliferating cell nuclear antigen. An intimal smooth muscle cell layer, confirmed by an alpha-actin antibody, was observed in the lumen 4 weeks after injury. Inhibition of @entity13633 by either pharmacologic or genetic approaches tended to increase the area of intima formation (P = 0.13 or P < 0.05, respectively) and increased the intima/media ratio (P = 0.14 and P < 0.01, respectively). Inhibition of @entity13633 by two different approaches increased @entity8233 formation in a @entity19 model of @entity130 , indicating that the @entity13633 expressed in the injured vessel wall is beneficial.

title: Deficiency of @entity842 synthase 2 results in increased @entity8233 formation in a XXXX model of vascular injury.

entities_list: @entity5118 :: ('MESH:C004479', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoguanidine']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['Restenosis']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1914 :: ('MESH:D020212', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['mechanical vessel injury']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['neointima']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite its increased incidence and status as the most prevalent @entity5 in Canada, there is a paucity of epidemiological data on @entity1489 ( @entity1489 ). OBJECTIVE: To assess @entity189 (KC) in Canada over 5 decades. METHODS: Articles published from 1960 to 2015 on @entity1489 in Canada were identified through MEDLINE. Six articles met our search criteria. RESULTS: Overall, KC has increased. However, the rate of increase in the past decade has slowed down and decreased in younger age cohorts. @entity1 had higher incidences of KC. In both sexes, the @entity1491 and @entity957 ratio was >= 2.5:1. Keratinocyte @entity189 were most commonly located on the head and neck, and increasing rates are occurring on the trunk. LIMITATIONS: The methods of registering @entity1489 cases vary among different provinces. CONCLUSION: Keratinocyte @entity189 incidence is overall increasing; however, there may be evidence that the incidence is leveling off and decreasing in younger age cohorts.

title: Trends in @entity957 ( XXXX and @entity957 ) in Canada: A Descriptive Analysis of Available Data.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['non-melanoma skin cancer', 'NMSC', 'skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['trends of keratinocyte carcinomas', 'carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1491 :: (MESH:D002280,Disease) :: ['Basal Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: Three @entity742 were infested 4 times with 100 Amblyomma americanum tick pairs and kept indoors until the natural termination of the @entity277 . Characteristics of the tick populations that show efficiency of feeding, fertility, and offspring development, and ELISA antibodies to tick salivary gland extracts were studied at each @entity277 . On average, female ticks fed on tick-naive @entity742 detached at 12.1 +/- 0.2 (mean +/- standard error) days, weighed 492 +/- 16.8 mg, engorged 40.7 mg per day, and 35% survived to detachment during the first @entity277 . During the fourth @entity277 , they detached at 17.3 +/- 0.8 days, weighed 321 +/- 14.4 mg, engorged 18.8 mg per day on average, and 23% survived to detachment. On average, oviposition of female ticks fed on tick-naive @entity742 started at 11.8 +/- 0.6 days of detachment, the egg mass weighed 236 +/- 13.2 mg, 43% of the female weight turned into eggs, and 89% of the ticks that detached survived to oviposition during the first @entity277 . During the fourth @entity277 , oviposition started at 15.1 +/- 0.5 days, the eggs weighed 103 +/- 9.9 mg, 13% of the tick weight became eggs, and 67% of the ticks survived to oviposition. On average, eclosion started at 35.4 +/- 0.9 days of oviposition and 83% of the egg batches hatched in the first @entity277 . During the fourth @entity277 , eclosion started on day 34.9 +/- 0.7, and 47% of the egg batches hatched. Anti-tick resistance was expressed as an inhibition of feeding, fertility, and offspring development.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Manifestations of immunity in XXXX repeatedly infested with Amblyomma americanum ticks.

entities_list: @entity277 :: ('MESH:D013984', 'Disease') :: ['infestations', 'infestation']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The safety and efficacy of thrombolysis in @entity4066 ( @entity4066 ) are controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis was to pool all individual @entity1 data and provide a valid estimate of safety and outcome of thrombolysis in @entity4066 . METHODS: We performed a systematic literature search on intravenous and intra-arterial thrombolysis in @entity4066 . We calculated the rates of pooled symptomatic @entity932 and mortality and indirectly compared them with matched controls from the Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in @entity64 Register. We applied multivariate regression models to identify predictors of excellent (modified Rankin Scale=0 to 1) and favorable (modified Rankin Scale=0 to 2) outcome. RESULTS: We obtained individual @entity1 data of 180 @entity1 from 14 retrospective series and 22 case reports. @entity1 were predominantly female (68%), with a mean  SD age of 46  11 years. Most @entity1 presented with severe @entity64 (median National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale score=16). Treatment was intravenous thrombolysis in 67% and intra-arterial thrombolysis in 33%. Median follow-up was 3 months. The pooled symptomatic @entity932 rate was 3.1% (95% CI, 1.3 to 7.2). Overall mortality was 8.1% (95% CI, 4.9 to 13.2), and 41.0% (95% CI, 31.4 to 51.4) had an excellent outcome. @entity64 severity was a strong predictor of outcome. Overlapping confidence intervals of end points indicated no relevant differences with matched controls from the Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in @entity64 Register. CONCLUSIONS: Safety and outcome of thrombolysis in @entity1 with @entity4066 -related @entity64 appear similar to those for @entity64 from all causes. Based on our findings, thrombolysis should not be withheld in @entity1 with @entity4066 .

title: Safety and functional outcome of thrombolysis in dissection-related ischemic stroke: a meta-analysis of individual XXXX data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke-International Stroke Thrombolysis', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity4066 :: ('MESH:D020217', 'Disease') :: ['cervical artery dissection', 'CAD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Neutrophils, monocytes and dendritic cells are effectors of innate immunity and essential coactivators in the acquired immune response. Understanding the biochemical basis of their mature cell functions, their differentiation from hematopoietic progenitors, and the mechanisms by which @entity2800 oncogenes block their differentiation programs, continue to be areas of active research. Four major problems limit progress in these fields. First, the biochemical analysis of mature cells is limited by the time and cost of purifying neutrophils, monocytes, or dendritic cells from wild-type and genetically modified @entity19 strains. Second, while immortal myeloid cell lines are used to understand the transcriptional basis of normal terminal differentiation following their treatment with differentiationpromoting agents (e.g. @entity24778 , @entity777 , RA, @entity865 ), these cells contain stable defects responsible for their immortalization, and the degree to which they model normal differentiation is often incomplete. Third, these same inducible cell lines are used as model systems to determine how myeloid oncoproteins prevent differentiation; however, oncoproteins that block differentiation of marrow progenitors cultured in @entity2304 or @entity3019 but permit their differentiation in response to @entity24778 or RA, do not score effectively in these assays (e.g. @entity30994 , @entity44336 -Enl). Fourth, there is no reproducible method to derive myeloid progenitor lines that execute predictable terminal differentiation to neutrophils, monocytes, or dendritic cells. Developing this type of system is needed to evaluate how myeloid gene inactivation by knockout technologies alters lineage-specific differentiation and mature cell function. Conditional myeloid oncoproteins provide a tool to solve these research problems by providing a predictable and inexpensive means of expanding, in culture, @entity2304 - or @entity3019 -dependent myeloid progenitors from any genotype, and by permitting their synchronous differentiation to neutrophils, monocytes, or dendritic cells under defined culture conditions following inactivation of the conditional oncoprotein. This system of conditionally immortalizing normal bone marrow precursors provides the large numbers of normal cells required for analysis of cell biology and protein biochemistry, and further provides a model system in which to study the genetic mechanisms controlling terminal differentiation and how specific oncoproteins expressed in the cell lines prevent this differentiation program. The ability to derive conditionally-immortalized progenitor lines from knock-out @entity19 provides cell lines for the reconstitution of knockout gene function and subsequent dissection of knockout protein function by mutational analysis. Finally, conditional myeloid cell lines can be established from both ES cells and from d10 fetal liver cells, allowing for the analysis of embryonic lethal mutants on both the maturation and terminal differentiation of mature myeloid cells. In this review,we summarize the importance and limitations of current approaches in myeloid cell research, and how @entity172 -regulated conditional oncoproteins help to solve these problems.

title: @entity172 -regulated conditional oncoproteins: tools to address open questions in normal myeloid cell function, normal myeloid differentiation, and the genetic basis of differentiation arrest in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity2800 :: ('MESH:D007951', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity2800 :: (MESH:D007951,Disease) :: ['myeloid leukemia']


abstract: Rumenocentesis is commonly used to collect rumen fluid to screen for @entity520 . This study was designed to investigate whether rumenocentesis induced @entity158 and stress and, if so, whether local anaesthesia could limit this. Twenty-four dairy @entity291 were assigned to one of three treatments: (1) rumenocentesis with local anaesthesia (AR); (2) rumenocentesis without local anaesthesia (R); and (3) local anaesthesia only (A). Treatments were performed in a restraining cage. The @entity291 were placed in the cage on three consecutive days and anaesthesia and/or rumenocentesis was performed on the second day. Blood samples for @entity701 determination and heart rate were recorded from 0.25 h before treatment until 4h after. Behaviour was noted while the @entity291 were caged. Feed intake and milk production were measured the week before treatment, on the day of treatment, and the day after. With all three treatments, @entity701 concentrations and heart rate were increased while @entity291 were in the cage. @entity701 , cardiac and behavioural responses were not significantly higher in the R and AR treatments than the A group. @entity701 concentrations and heart rate did not change between days. Feed intake and milk production were unaffected by the treatments. It was concluded that rumenocentesis does not appear more stressful than local anaesthesia or handling.

title: An assessment of the impact of rumenocentesis on XXXX and stress in @entity291 and the effect of local anaesthesia.

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity39707 , an orally active third-generation selective @entity172 -receptor modulator (SERM), opposes the action of @entity172 on the breast and endometrium but exerts an @entity172 -agonist effect on bone and the lipid profile. Since this is an appealing combination for hormonal therapy of @entity172 -related @entity5 , we initiated testing the potential of @entity39707 in @entity1 with @entity1204 . METHODS: Two phase I studies were conducted to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of single and multiple doses of @entity39707 . In addition, two multi-institutional phase II trials have been completed on 100 @entity1 with metastatic or recurrent @entity1204 . RESULTS: No serious adverse events were observed in the single-dose phase I study, the principal side effect being hot flashes in 5/15 healthy volunteers. In the second phase I study, conducted in 32 @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 , one @entity1 had a serious, possibly drug-related adverse reaction ( @entity1151 ). The two multi-institutional trials demonstrated significant activity at 20 mg/day in @entity1 with metastatic or recurrent @entity1204 . Observed clinical response rates were 25 and 31%, with a median response duration of 19.3 and 13.9 months, respectively. Progression of the disease was stabilized in a substantial number of @entity1 . @entity137 was mild, except for two cases of @entity1151 that might have been drug related. CONCLUSIONS: Further investigation is warranted to verify these preliminary response rates and the clinical significance of the stable disease cases, to compare clinical outcomes with those in progestin-treated @entity1 , and to elucidate the mechanisms of SERM action in this disease.

title: @entity39707 as therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'treatment-refractory endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity39707 :: ('MESH:C115121', 'Chemical') :: ['arzoxifene', 'Arzoxifene']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: The large majority of childhood B-precursor cell @entity981 cases present @entity7513 and TCRdelta gene rearrangements. These rearrangements have been widely used as specific markers for monitoring @entity41 . However, their prognostic value still remains unclear. In order to determine whether @entity7513 and TCRdelta gene rearrangements have any influence on relapse and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), we analysed the clinical impact of these genetic characteristics in 51 B-precursor @entity981 @entity1 . 46/51 @entity1 (90.2%) showed @entity7513 gene rearrangements by Southern blot and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. No statistically significant associations were found between @entity7513 gene rearrangement pattern and age, sex, WBC count, immunophenotype, risk factor, relapse or @entity1349 . 27/41 @entity1 (66%) showed Vdelta2Ddelta3 recombination by Southern blot and/or PCR analysis. At a median follow-up of 53 months the estimated 5-year @entity1349 probability was 78 +/- 3% for the whole group. The @entity1349 probability among @entity1 with a Vdelta2Ddelta3 recombination pattern in the TCRdelta locus was 90 +/- 3%, whereas for @entity1 without Vdelta2Ddelta3 recombination was 39 +/- 13% (P < 0.005). @entity7513 rearrangement patterns do not appear to influence relapse or @entity1349 probability. However, TCRdelta gene rearrangement patterns have a relevant impact on the relapse rate and the @entity1349 probability. @entity1 with Vdelta2Ddelta3 recombination have better clinical outcome than @entity1 without this recombination, independent of any other prognostic factors.

title: Clinical relevance of T-cell receptor delta gene rearrangements in childhood B-precursor cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['minimal residual disease']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['EFS', 'event-free survival']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukaemia']


abstract: A diagnosis of @entity2883 with @entity2883 (GPA) can be challenging given various clinical manifestations. We report an incident case of GPA presenting with chronic @entity1244 and mimicking an early @entity1997 without renal involvement. A 51 year-old @entity1 with @entity1030 presented with subacute @entity1353 , @entity662 and @entity221 . Physical examination revealed a right nasal mass without discharge or @entity548 . @entity1353 sounds and dullness to percussion were noted at the left lung base. Laboratory findings were significant for @entity491 but normal renal function. The chest CT demonstrated dense consolidation with hypo-enhancement of the lingula. The sinus CT revealed an enhancing mass in the right nasal cavity and anterior ethmoid sinuses with associated bony destruction. @entity1 did not improve with empiric antibiotics for @entity1997 . Aspiration of the lingular fluid showed purulent material, however, microbes did not grow in culture. A positive @entity7134 screen was confirmed. A right nasal biopsy was performed which revealed @entity32 with focal @entity39 and @entity1333 . The final diagnosis was GPA. Given various clinical manifestations, the diagnosis of GPA can be difficult to distinguish from infectious etiologies. This can delay the treatment, which may be life-saving and organ sparing. We emphasize that an initial screening ANCA serology test is recommended in @entity1 with suggestive clinical findings of GPA. Biopsy of an affected organ is paramount for the definitive diagnosis.

title: XXXX with @entity2883 : A Case of Nasal Mass, Necrotic Lung, and Normal Kidneys.

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1997 :: ('MESH:D008169', 'Disease') :: ['lung abscess']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['pleuritic chest pain']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous inflammation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['Decreased to absent breath', 'dyspnea']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['polyangiitis', 'granulomatosis']

answer: @entity2883 :: (MESH:D014890,Disease) :: ['Granulomatosis']


abstract: We report a case of @entity6 presenting @entity1375 due to overeating of seaweed that was noticed as a result of a discrepancy between glycated albumin (GA) and glycated hemoglobin (GHb). A 71-year-old @entity1 was undergoing managed treatment with oral medicines and insulin for @entity6 with no sign of @entity1374 . Her thyroid function was euthyroid without aid of thyroid hormone. All of the @entity1 's thyroid autoantibodies were negative. Fifteen weeks prior to indications of @entity1375 , she had started to consume large amounts (100-200 g dry weight equivalent) of cooked "wakame" seaweed every morning. Just before admission to our hospital, her GA was 26.9%, while GHb and fasting plasma @entity413 remained within normal ranges (less than 5.6%, and 106 mg, respectively). This discrepancy between GA and GHb drew our attention to the development of complications. Naive interview of the @entity1 led us to believe a @entity1374 existed, though without any related complaints or findings, such as non-pitting @entity4 , cold intolerance, or easy fatiguing. Seaweed consumption was stopped and periodic observation of thyroid function started. As thyroid hormone levels moved into normal range, GA and GHb returned to their normal relative ratio after 3 months. Thus, measurement of the relative ratio of GA and GHb may be useful for glycemic monitoring, with the potential as a readily available glycemic control marker for @entity1 with changeable complications.

title: A case of @entity6 developing XXXX discovered as a result of a discrepancy between glycated hemoglobin and glycated albumin values.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease', 'thyroid hormone deficiency']

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['hypothyroidism']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the characteristics of young @entity14062 ( @entity14062 ) @entity1 and determine outcome in terms of mortality and risk factors for suicide. METHOD: Information was collected on consecutive @entity14062 @entity1 aged 15 through 24 years presenting to a general hospital during a 20-year period (1978-1997). Deaths to the end of 2000 were identified through national mortality registers. RESULTS: Of 5459 @entity1 in the cohort, 62.9% were female and 37.1% male. @entity1445 (90.5% of @entity14062 episodes) most frequently involved @entity1443 (44.0%). @entity1443 and antidepressant @entity1445 increased during the study period, whereas @entity1445 of minor tranquilizers decreased. More than one third of @entity1 (36.1%) drank @entity167 immediately before @entity14062 . The most frequent problems faced by @entity1 involved family members, partners, employment/ studies, and friends. One quarter of @entity1 (26.3%) had a history of prior @entity14062 . Of 4843 @entity1 followed up, 141 (2.9%) died (90 males [5.0%] and 51 females [1.7%]), the risk of death being 4 times greater than expected. More than half (81; 57.4%) of the @entity204 were from probable suicide, which was approximately 10 times more frequent than expected. Risk factors for suicide included male gender, previous @entity14062 , prior @entity146 history (females), and high suicide intent. There were also more @entity204 than expected from @entity1576 , @entity1457 , and accidents that did not involve @entity4968 . CONCLUSIONS: The range of characteristics of young @entity14062 @entity1 indicates the multifactional nature of aftercare required following @entity14062 . The very high risk of suicide after @entity14062 in young @entity1 highlights the need for preventive initiatives in this population.

title: Deliberate self-harm in young XXXX : characteristics and subsequent mortality in a 20-year cohort of @entity1 presenting to hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory disorders']

entities_list: @entity14062 :: ('MESH:D012652', 'Disease') :: ['deliberate self-harm', 'DSH']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disorders']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen', 'Acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['overdoses', 'Overdoses']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to determine whether MR imaging can be used to reliably measure global myocardial blood flow and coronary flow reserve in @entity1 with @entity453 as compared with such measurements obtained by positron emission tomography (PET). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We measured myocardial blood flow first at baseline and then after @entity4341 -induced @entity450 in 20 @entity1 with @entity453 . Myocardial blood flow as revealed by MR imaging was calculated by dividing coronary sinus flow by the left ventricular mass. Coronary flow reserve was calculated by dividing the rate of hyperemic flow by the rate of baseline flow. RESULTS: Using MR imaging, myocardial blood flow at baseline was 0.73 +/- 0.23 mL x @entity1009 ) x g(-1), and at @entity450 the blood flow was 1.43 +/- 0.37 mL x @entity1009 ) x g(-1), yielding an average coronary flow reserve of 1.99 +/- 0.47. Using PET, myocardial blood flow was 0.89 +/- 0.21 mL x @entity1009 ) x g(-1) at baseline and 1.56 +/- 0.42 mL x @entity1009 ) x g(-1) at @entity450 , yielding an average coronary flow reserve of 1.77 +/- 0.36. The correlation of myocardial blood flow and coronary flow reserve measurements for these two methods was an r of 0.80 (p < 0.01) and an r of 0.50 (p < 0.05), respectively. CONCLUSION: This study shows that myocardial blood flow measurements obtained using MR imaging have a good correlation with corresponding PET measurements. Coronary flow reserve measurements obtained using MR imaging had only moderate correlation with PET-obtained measurements. Our results suggest that MR imaging flow quantification could potentially be used for measuring global myocardial blood flow in @entity1 in whom interventional treatment for @entity453 is being evaluated.

title: Assessing coronary sinus blood flow in XXXX with @entity453 : a comparison of phase-contrast MR imaging with positron emission tomography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Garlic contains numerous compounds that have the potential to influence immunity. Immune cells, especially innate immune cells, are responsible for the @entity32 necessary to kill pathogens. Two innate lymphocytes, y  -T and natural killer (NK) cells, appear to be susceptible to diet modification. The purpose of this review was to summarize the influence of aged garlic extract (AGE) on the immune system. The author's laboratory is interested in AGE's effects on cell proliferation and activation and @entity32 and to learn whether those changes might affect the occurrence and severity of colds and @entity683 . Healthy @entity1 @entity1 (n = 120), between 21 and 50 y of age, were recruited for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel-intervention study to consume 2.56 g AGE/d or placebo supplements for 90 d during the cold and @entity683 season. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated before and after consumption, and y  -T and NK cell function was assessed by flow cytometry. The effect on cold and @entity1109 was determined by using daily diary records of self-reported illnesses. After 45 d of AGE consumption, y  -T and NK cells proliferated better and were more activated than cells from the placebo group. After 90 d, although the number of illnesses was not significantly different, the AGE group showed reduced cold and @entity683 severity, with a reduction in the number of symptoms, the number of days @entity1 functioned suboptimally, and the number of work/school days missed. These results suggest that AGE supplementation may enhance immune cell function and may be partly responsible for the reduced severity of colds and @entity683 reported. The results also suggest that the immune system functions well with AGE supplementation, perhaps with less accompanying @entity32 . This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01390116.

title: Aged Garlic Extract Modifies XXXX Immunity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['flu symptoms']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The therapeutic outcome and @entity137 of 3-D conformal photon external beam therapy of @entity263 is well documented in the literature. Progress is still in work for optimization of treatment strategies by risk-adapted dose escalation studies to improve @entity5 control without increase of radiation side effects. @entity1 AND METHODS: We present our experience of 291 @entity1 treated between January 1994 and August 1997 with a 3-D planned four-field box technique and a central dose of 66 Gy. Biochemical response of @entity1 with radiotherapy alone (group 1, n = 72 pts.) has been analyzed in detail. Acute radiation side effects are given for all @entity1 (n = 291), late radiation side effects are given for @entity1 treated between Jan 1994 and Jan 1996 with a median follow-up of 22 months (n = 115 pts.). RESULTS: We have observed a biochemical response (nadir PSA < 1 after 12 months, < 2 after 6 months) for @entity1 treated with radiotherapy alone without hormone manipulation in 67%. Incidence of late rectal and bladder morbidity (grade 2 and 3) was 9.4% and 4%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Compared to other reports our results indicate a high rate of @entity5 control (early biochemical response) and a low rate of late morbidity. Nevertheless, we will start a risk-adapted dose escalation study up to 74 Gy for unfavorable subgroups (G2-3, Gleason Score > 7, PSA > 10) to improve treatment outcome.

title: Three dimensional conformal photon radiotherapy at a moderate dose level of 66 Gy for XXXX : early results.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['local tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: In @entity11 -in contrast to various other cancers-the impact of T-lymphocytes on clinical outcome is not clear. We investigated the clinical relevance and regulation of T-cell infiltration in @entity11 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: T-cell subpopulations from entire sections of 93 WHO  II-IV @entity11 were computationally identified using markers CD3, @entity405 , and @entity403 ; survival analysis was then done on primary @entity463 (pGBM). Endothelial cells expressing cellular adhesion molecules (CAM) were similarly computationally quantified from the same @entity11 tissues. Influence of prominent cytokines (as measured by ELISA from 53 WHO  II-IV @entity11 lysates) on CAM-expression in @entity11 -isolated endothelial cells was determined using flow cytometry. The functional relevance of the cytokine-mediated CAM regulation was tested in a transmigration assay using @entity11 -derived endothelial cells and autologous T-cells. RESULTS: Infiltration of all T-cell subsets increased in high-grade @entity5 . Most strikingly, within pGBM, elevated numbers of intratumoral effector T cells (T(eff), cytotoxic and helper) significantly correlated with a better survival; regulatory T cells were infrequently present and not associated with @entity11 @entity1 outcome. Interestingly, increased infiltration of T(eff) cells was related to the expression of @entity2071 on the vessel surface. Transmigration of autologous T cells in vitro was markedly reduced in the presence of CAM-blocking antibodies. We found that @entity2533 molecules impeded transmigration and downregulated CAM-expression on @entity11 -isolated endothelial cells; blocking @entity2533 receptor signaling increased transmigration. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides comprehensive and novel insights into occurrence and regulation of T-cell infiltration in @entity11 . Specifically, targeting @entity2533 and @entity6474 might improve intratumoral T-cell infiltration and thus enhance effectiveness of immunotherapeutic approaches.

title: Effector T-cell infiltration positively impacts survival of XXXX @entity1 and is impaired by tumor-derived @entity2533 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: In this report, we describe a female @entity1 with trisomy 4p, a rare @entity74 , with unusual @entity410 semiology. The @entity1 is one of the oldest reported survivors with this condition. This semiology was noted while she was being monitored by inpatient video telemetry. We observed a series of @entity2045 jerks, followed by @entity11637 , and finally an atonic head drop. Corresponding ictal EEG showed semi-rhythmic high-amplitude slow waves with spikes superimposed over the frontotemporal areas. This semiology was confirmed as habitual by her parents. Subsequent @entity11637 had no EEG correlate, and the head drop was again associated with semi-rhythmic high-amplitude slow waves and superimposed spikes, more prominent over the right hemisphere. In addition, we review the several cases in which @entity11637 have been associated with @entity410 and how this may relate to the neural pathways involved in the pathophysiology of @entity11637 . We believe the @entity11637 followed by atonia to be a @entity410 semiology that has not previously been documented. [Published with video sequence].

title: Diaphragm XXXX followed by generalised atonia in a @entity1 with trisomy 4p: unusual semiology in an unusual condition.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic shoulder']

entities_list: @entity11637 :: ('MESH:D006606', 'Disease') :: ['hiccup-like episodes', 'ictal hiccup-like episodes', 'hiccups']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic condition']

answer: @entity2045 :: (MESH:D009207,Disease) :: ['myoclonus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: High-fidelity @entity1 simulation (HFPS) has been used in medical education to bridge gaps in medical knowledge and clinical skills. Few studies have analyzed the impact of HFPS in subspecialty rotations for pediatric residents. We hypothesized that pediatric residents exposed to HFPS with a structured content curriculum would perform better on a case quiz than residents without exposure to HFPS. DESIGN: Prospective randomized controlled SETTING: Tertiary-care free standing @entity1 's hospital INTERVENTIONS: During a @entity717 , senior pediatric residents completed an online pediatric cardiology curriculum and a cardiology quiz. After randomization into two groups, the study group participated in a fully debriefed HFPS session. The control group had no HFPS. OUTCOME MEASURE: Both groups completed a case quiz. Confidence surveys pre- and postsimulation were completed. RESULTS: From October 2010 through March 2013, 55 residents who rotated through the pediatric @entity717 were used in the final analysis (30 control, 25 in the study group). There was no significant difference between groups on the initial cardiology quiz. The study group scored higher on the case quiz compared with the control group (P = .024). Based on pre- and postsimulation questionnaires, residents' confidence in approaching a pediatric cardiology @entity1 improved from an average Likert score of 5.1 to 7.5 (on scale of 0-10) (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Incorporation of HFPS into a preexisting pediatric @entity717 was feasible and well received. Our study suggests that simulation promotes increased confidence and may modestly improve clinical reasoning compared to traditional educational techniques. Targeted simulation sessions may readily be incorporated into pediatric subspecialty rotations.

title: Embedding XXXX Simulation in a Pediatric Cardiology Rotation: A Unique Opportunity for Improving Resident Education.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['cardiology rotation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: Background. It is generally accepted that poor glycemic control, arterial @entity101 and/or @entity407 , and the associated oxidative stress may contribute to the development of macro- and microvascular complications in @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ). Such metabolic damage signals may activate inflammasome and trigger chronic @entity32 . We investigated common polymorphisms in inflammasome coding genes and the risk for macro- and microvascular complications in @entity2175 . Methods. In total 181 clinically well-characterised @entity2175 @entity1 were genotyped for @entity5704 @entity68089 and @entity15860 @entity34573 . Risk for @entity6 complications was assessed using logistic regression. Results. @entity1 with median duration of @entity2175 11 (6-17) years had relatively well controlled blood @entity413 and lipid levels and blood pressure on the prescribed treatment regimen. Duration of @entity2175 and plasma @entity165 levels were the most important clinical risk factors for macrovascular complications (P = 0.007 and P = 0.031). @entity5704 @entity68089 was associated with increased risk for macrovascular complications (P = 0.004), with @entity583 in particular (P = 0.052). No association was observed between @entity15860 polymorphism and any of @entity2175 complications. Conclusions. Our preliminary data suggest the role of @entity5704 polymorphism in @entity2412 , especially in @entity583 .

title: XXXX Inflammasome Polymorphism and Macrovascular Complications in Type 2 @entity6 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic macrovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity5704 :: (114548,Gene) :: ['NLRP3']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exposure to high levels of cat allergen might prevent sensitization. OBJECTIVE: We sought to measure the incidence of allergic sensitization among schoolchildren living in a dust mite- and cockroach-free environment and the associated risk factors. METHODS: In 1996, a longitudinal cohort was established in northern Sweden, including 2454 @entity1 aged 7 to 8 years. @entity1 were skin tested, and the testing was repeated 4 years later. Questionnaires were completed yearly. Participation was 88% both in 1996 and 2000. RESULTS: The prevalence of positive skin test results increased from 20.6% at age 7 and 8 years to 30.4% at age 11 and 12 years, a cumulative incidence of 13.8%, and was significantly higher among @entity1 . The incidence was highest for cat (6.0%), timothy grass (5.9%), @entity235 (4.9%), and birch (3.6%). A family history of @entity566 was the major risk factor for both a positive skin test response at age 7 and 8 years (odds ratio [OR], 1.69; 95% CI, 1.36-2.10) and for development of a positive skin test response over the next 4 years (OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.23-2.28). A significant inverse association between cat and @entity235 ownership and the prevalence of type 1 @entity566 was found, particularly for those @entity1 who had lived with a cat both before age 7 and 8 years and during the next 4 years (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.31-0.61). A similar pattern, although not significant, was found for incident cases. CONCLUSION: The high incidence of type 1 @entity566 at this age was similar to reports from communities with mite and cockroach allergen. Despite cat and @entity235 being the most common allergens of sensitization, keeping these animals at home was not associated with an increased risk for sensitization.

title: Four-year incidence of allergic sensitization among schoolchildren in a community where XXXX to cat and @entity235 dominates sensitization: report from the Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'boys']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity293 ( @entity293 ) are common in the female population and, over a lifetime, about half of @entity1 have at least one episode of UTI requiring antibiotic therapy. The aim of the current study was to compare two different strategies for preventing recurrent @entity2335 : intravesical instillation of hyaluronic acid (HA) plus @entity12006 (CS), and antibiotic prophylaxis with @entity207 plus @entity206 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective review of two different cohorts of @entity1 affected by recurrent @entity2335 . Cases (experimental group) were @entity1 who received intravesical instillations of a sterile solution of high concentration of HA  +  CS in 50  mL water with @entity12374 every week during the 1(st) month and then once monthly for 4 months. The control group included @entity1 who received traditional therapy for recurrent @entity2335 based on daily antibiotic prophylaxis using @entity207 200  mg plus @entity206 40  mg for 6 weeks. RESULTS: Ninety-eight and 76 @entity1 were treated with experimental and control treatments, respectively. At 12 months after treatment, 69 and 109 @entity293 were detected in the experimental and control groups, respectively. The proportion of @entity1 free from @entity293 was significantly higher in the experimental than in the control group (36.7% vs. 21.0%; p  =  0.03). Experimental treatment was well tolerated and none of the @entity1 stopped it. CONCLUSION: The intravesical instillation of HA  +  CS is more effective than long-term antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing recurrent @entity2335 .

title: Is intravesical instillation of hyaluronic acid and @entity12006 useful in preventing recurrent XXXX ? A multicenter case control analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity12006 :: ('MESH:D002809', 'Chemical') :: ['chondroitin sulfate']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity12374 :: ('MESH:D002122', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium chloride']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['cystitis', 'bacterial cystitis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary tract infections', 'UTIs']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity2335 :: (MESH:D003556,Disease) :: ['bacterial cystitis']


abstract: A 56 year old @entity1 presented with increasing @entity490 . He suffered from @entity432 with @entity432 . iliaca communis. Angiography revealed partial @entity715 occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery. Urokinase (UK) at a dose of 150 IU/kg X minutes and heparin (1,000 U/h) was infused through the 7F angiographic catheter for 180 minutes. After 70 min of treatment, angiography showed improvement, and after 120 min the thrombus was nearly completely lysed. A stenosis of approximately 50% was still present after 180 min. Two hours after treatment the @entity1 was @entity158 free without analgesics. Laboratory studies showed systemic fibrinogenolysis, but fibrinogen was still within the upper normal range. Only slight systemic fibrinolytic activity (less than 5 IU UK/ml) could be determined. However, alpha 2-antiplasmin was depleted. The catheter was drawn 15 h after thrombolysis without @entity548 . While under concurrent heparin and phenprocoumon therapy, the @entity1 developed an @entity281 as a result of i.m. injections prior to this treatment. A repeat angiography approximately one month after thrombolysis revealed further improvement and patency. The @entity1 is well and free of @entity951 and under oral anticoagulant therapy.

title: [Successful treatment of superior mesenteric artery XXXX with local high-dose urokinase therapy].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infected gluteal hematoma']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal angina']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion of the right A', 'arterial occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: There is scant knowledge on the changes in renal histological findings in type 1 @entity6 @entity1 those initially had @entity1985 and @entity177 and later had complete remission of @entity2316 by @entity34 ( @entity34 ). A 44-year-old Japanese type 1 @entity6 @entity1 (duration of @entity6 : 17 years) with massive @entity644 (2.9 g/day) and @entity177 ( @entity1011 clearance rate (Ccr): 86 mL/min) was admitted. @entity146 @entity34 was started with intensive insulin treatment, a low protein and low salt diet, @entity1289 inhibitor and a diuretic. Her levels of HbA1c decreased to less than 7% within 4 months, and her high blood pressure gradually decreased and remained around mean 116/68 mmHg. Her Ccr level gradually improved and reached 108 mL/min after 78 months. Her first renal biopsy performed before @entity34 demonstrated diffuse and/or global accumulation of periodic acid-Schiff staining-positive mesangial matrix with @entity7622 /glomerulus ratio and tubulo-interstitial @entity82 . Her second renal biopsy performed 5 years after @entity34 demonstrated decreased mesangial matrix/glomerulus ratio (42.0+/-4.0% to 29.2+/-1.9% [mean+/-S.D.], p<0.001) and increased her number of glomerular capillaries lumen per glomerulus (47+/-11 to 77+/-12, p<0.006). The number of @entity7 ( @entity7 )-expressing cells in the glomerular capillary significantly increased. Increased tubulo-interstitial @entity82 and the thickness of @entity631 ( @entity631 ) seen in the first biopsy specimen had decreased in the specimen taken at the second biopsy. Our case provides evidence that glomerular morphological improvements including decreased mesangial deposit and @entity7 -related vasculogenesis in response to @entity34 goes along with functional normalization of @entity2316 , which could not be attained in type 1 @entity6 @entity1 that underwent pancreas transplantation.

title: Complete remission of @entity2316 in a type 1 @entity6 @entity1 with near- @entity1985 range XXXX and @entity177 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Aggressive']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular basement membrane', 'GBM']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['decreased renal function']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity7622 :: ('MESH:C537346', 'Disease') :: ['increased mesangial matrix']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['MFT', 'multifactorial treatment']

answer: @entity644 :: (MESH:D011507,Disease) :: ['proteinuria']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Repeated percutaneous interventions on failing @entity2548 ( @entity2548 ) and @entity2758 ( @entity2758 ) for hemodialysis are common, but the outcomes are largely unknown. We sought to determine the results of the second percutaneous intervention on failing @entity2758 and @entity2548 and to identify factors associated with loss of patency. METHODS: For the purpose of this study, the second percutaneous intervention was identified as the index procedure. We reviewed the second percutaneous interventions on failing @entity2548 and @entity2758 at a single institution between 2007 and 2013. @entity1 comorbidities, graft or fistula configuration, lesion characteristics, and procedural characteristics of the intervention performed were analyzed with respect to technical success, primary patency, primary assisted patency, and secondary patency. Patency was defined per Society for Vascular Surgery recommended reporting standards and was determined from the time of the index procedure. Cox proportional hazards multivariable modeling was performed to identify independent determinants of loss of patency. RESULTS: Among 91 @entity1 , 96 second-time percutaneous interventions were performed on 52 @entity2548 and 44 @entity2758 . @entity1 included 56% @entity1 and 44% @entity1 with a mean age of 64     17  years. The lesions intervened on were primarily located along the accessed portion of the outflow in @entity2548 and within the length of the graft and at the venous anastomosis in @entity2758 . Transluminal angioplasty alone was performed in 82 procedures (85%), and uncovered or covered stents were placed in 15 procedures (16%). Pharmacomechanical thrombectomy was performed in 32 @entity1 (34%) and was more commonly performed in @entity2758 compared with @entity2548 (53% vs 17%; P  = .0002). Technical success was achieved in 90 procedures (97%; n  = 92). One-year primary patency, assisted primary patency, and secondary patency rates were 35%, 86%, and 86%, respectively. One-year primary patency did not differ between @entity2548 and @entity2758 , but secondary patency was lower for AVG in comparison to AVF (P  = .04). On multivariable analysis, only the need for pharmacomechanical thrombectomy significantly predicted failure of primary patency (hazard ratio, 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.6-4.3). The presence of an AVG rather than an AVF independently predicted failure of secondary patency (hazard ratio, 2.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-8.2). CONCLUSIONS: The second percutaneous interventions on @entity2548 and @entity2758 are associated with excellent technical success but poor primary patency. The need for pharmacomechanical thrombectomy predicts the need for additional percutaneous intervention to maintain patency. With additional interventions, acceptable secondary patency out to 5  years can be achieved, although @entity2758 have inferior secondary patency to @entity2548 . To develop optimal practice management algorithms, the effectiveness of repeated percutaneous interventions for failing @entity2758 and @entity2548 vs creation of a new access should be further investigated.

title: Results of repeated percutaneous interventions on failing XXXX and grafts and factors affecting outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['AVFs', 'arteriovenous fistulas']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous grafts', 'AVGs']

answer: @entity2548 :: (MESH:D001164,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous fistulas']