abstract: BACKGROUND: Pregnancy-related @entity5720 may lead to @entity454 . Although this @entity532 had virtually disappeared in high-income countries, we have noted new cases in France over the past few years, all following postpartum @entity548 . STUDY DESIGN: Case series. SETTING _ @entity1 : We retrospectively identified 18 @entity1 from 5 French nephrology departments who developed @entity5720 following postpartum @entity548 in 2009 to  2013. OUTCOMES: Obstetric and renal features, therapeutic measures, and @entity8 outcome were studied. RESULTS: All @entity1 had a severe postpartum @entity548 (mean @entity190 , 2.6  1.1 [SD] L). @entity1344 and disseminated @entity5642 were reported in 5 and 11 @entity1 , respectively. All developed rapid onset of @entity810 and required hemodialysis. Diagnosis of @entity5720 was performed 4 to 33 days following delivery. At 6 months postpartum, 8 @entity1 remained dialysis dependent and none recovered normal kidney function. The length of exposure to @entity927 treatment was significantly more prolonged in @entity1 whose estimated glomerular filtration rate remained  <15mL/ @entity1009 .73m(2) (7.1  4.8 vs 2.9  2.4 hours; P=0.03). LIMITATIONS: Retrospective study; small sample size. CONCLUSIONS: In the setting of gravid endothelium, the conjunction of disseminated @entity5642 with the life-saving use of procoagulant and antifibrinolytic agents (recently implemented in France in a postpartum @entity548 treatment algorithm) may give rise to a risk for uncontrolled clotting in the renal cortex and hence irreversible partial or diffuse cortical @entity39 .

title: XXXX in Postpartum @entity548 : A Case Series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5720 :: ('MESH:D007681', 'Disease') :: ['renal cortical necrosis']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['obstetric complication']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['Hemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity5720 :: (MESH:D007681,Disease) :: ['Renal Cortical Necrosis']


abstract: The aim of this study was to describe @entity1863 disposition in a pediatric population who underwent bone marrow transplantation (BMT). @entity1863 administered dose was 1 mg/kg every 6 h for 4 days. Plasma determinations were performed after the first dosing at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300, and 360 min. A noncompartment analysis model for extravascular absorption was used for the pharmacokinetic analysis. To obtain the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) within the "therapeutic window" of 1,000-1,200 microM x minutes a @entity1863 dose adjustment Was performed at the fourth dose. Forty-five @entity1863 pharmacokinetic analyses were performed in 34 @entity1 . Eleven @entity1 had their dose adjusted [1.19 +/- 0.14) mg/kg] at the fourth dose and the AUC was monitored at the fifth one. The mean AUC +/- SD after the fifth dose (998.1 +/- 189.2 microM x min) was different (p = .006)from that after the first dose (1 mg/kg) (687.63 +/- 166.43 microM x min). Six @entity1 had their first AUC into the "therapeutic window," 17 @entity1 had their dose adjusted [1.2 (+/- 0.22) mg/kg], but the "adjusted" AUC was not available. These data suggest that it may be reasonable to recommend a @entity1863 dose of 1.2 mg/kg to achieve the accepted therapeutic target in @entity1 undergoing BMT.

title: Therapeutic monitoring of XXXX in pediatric bone marrow transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan', 'Busulfan']

answer: @entity1863 :: (MESH:D002066,Chemical) :: ['busulfan']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Male factor abnormality is the cause of @entity249 in about 20%-40% of infertile couples. Assisted reproduction with intracytoplasmic sperm injection is the only treatment option for severe forms of andrological @entity249 . METHODS: We retrospectively analysed @entity1 who had had intracytoplasmic sperm injection for male factor @entity249 . The clinical and laboratory factors that influenced the pregnancy rate were also analysed. RESULTS: One hundred and seventy-five cycles in 164 couples were analysed. The fertilization, cleavage and pregnancy rates were similar in the groups that had had intracytoplasmic sperm injection with epididymal, testicular or ejaculate sperm. Univariate analysis of the clinical variables showed progressive reduction in pregnancy rate with increase in the @entity1 partner's age and body mass index, and presence of pelvic disease, but these were not statistically significant. The age of the @entity1 was the most significant factor affecting the pregnancy rate after adjusting for body mass index and pelvic disease in the multivariate analysis (OR 0.26, 95% CI: 0.08-0.84, p=0.03). The oocyte number, embryo transfer number and transfer day had no significant influence on the outcome. CONCLUSION: The @entity1 partner's age influences the success of assisted reproduction with intracytoplasmic sperm injection in male factor @entity249 . Thus, the chances of success are better if the couple seeks treatment at an early age.

title: Factors predicting the outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertility']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 140 Background: Eribulin mesylate, a nontaxane microtubule dynamics inhibitor, has demonstrated an overall survival benefit relative to other commonly used agents in @entity1 (pts) with at least 2 prior MBC cytotoxic therapies. Primary data presented from 2 phase 2 trials, Study 206 (eribulin in @entity1722 - @entity0 pts) and Study 208 (combination eribulin + trastuzumab [TRAS] in @entity1722 + @entity0 pts), showed clinical activity and acceptable tolerability profiles as first-line cytotoxic therapy (tx). Here we present prespecified efficacy data for both trials based on prior @entity5948 (A) and @entity3907 (T) use. METHODS: In both studies, pts received eribulin mesylate 1.4 mg/m(2) IV on days 1 and 8 of each 21-day cycle. Pts in Study 208 ( @entity1722 +) also received initial TRAS (8 mg/kg IV/Day 1), followed by 6 mg/kg/day 1 of each subsequent cycle. Objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and tolerability were assessed. RESULTS: In Study 206 (N=56), 48% and 46% received prior A and T, and in Study 208 (N=52), 21% and 44% received prior A and T, respectively. ORR, the primary endpoint, was similar in pts, regardless of prior A or T, except in pts w/o prior T in Study 208 whose ORR trended higher (table). Clinical benefit rate (CBR), PFS, and duration of response (DOR) were either similar or trended higher in pts w/o prior A or T. PFS was higher in @entity1722 + @entity0 @entity1 receiving @entity69287 + TRAS who had not received prior A or T compared with those who had. Grade (G) 3-5 adverse event rates were similar or lower in pts who had not received prior A or T. CONCLUSIONS: As first-line therapy, eribulin in @entity1722 - @entity0 pts and eribulin + TRAS in @entity1722 + @entity0 pts were effective and well tolerated, regardless of prior A or T tx. However, in @entity1722 + @entity0 pts receiving eribulin + TRAS, the lack of prior A or T tx may be a lead to longer median PFS. CLINICAL TRIAL INFORMATION: NCT01268150/NCT01269346. [Table: see text].

title: Clinical effects of prior @entity5948 or @entity3907 use on eribulin as first-line treatment for HER+/- locally recurrent or metastatic @entity0 ( XXXX ): Results from 2 phase 2, multicenter, single-arm studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5948 :: ('D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['BC']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: @entity3009 (PG) E2 promotes @entity344 and @entity5 progression. The total amount of biologically active @entity1421 in tissues is determined by a balance of PG biosynthesis and degradation pathways, which involve the PG transporter (PGT). We investigated PGT in @entity356 by determining its expression pattern and examining associations of PGT with prognosis and @entity5 angiogenesis. METHODS: PGT expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in advanced @entity356 specimens obtained from 96 @entity1 who underwent surgical resection. Correlations between PGT expression level and clinicopathological factors were statistically analyzed. Angiogenesis in the @entity5 tissue was evaluated by counting the number of microvessels. The role of PGT in mRNA and protein expression of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) was examined in @entity356 cells stimulated by @entity1421 . RESULTS: Based on multivariate and Kaplan-Meier analyses, negativity for PGT expression was an independent poor prognostic factor. There were more microvessels in PGT-negative @entity5 than in PGT-positive @entity5 . Transfection of @entity15206 and MKN7 @entity356 cells with PGT-specific siRNA led to increased @entity7 mRNA and protein expression accompanied by increased @entity1421 in the culture media. CONCLUSIONS: PGT expression is an independent predictor of poor survival and is associated with @entity5 angiogenesis in @entity356 .

title: Reduction of XXXX transporter predicts poor prognosis associated with angiogenesis in @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity3009 :: (CHEBI:26333,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin']


abstract: CD176 (Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen) is a @entity5 -associated @entity1735 structure. In a previous study, we observed that the anti-CD176 antibody can induce the apoptosis of CD176-positive @entity1778 cells. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of apoptosis induced by the CD176 antibody. We found that @entity1197 (FAS, @entity1197 ) and the @entity3048 ( @entity3048 ) ( @entity3048 ) are co-expressed with CD176 on the surface of defined @entity1778 cells as observed by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry analyses. Further-more, @entity1197 , @entity1195 , @entity12910 and @entity3048 are carrier proteins of CD176 in hematopoietic cells recognized by means of sandwich solid-phase enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and co-immunoprecipitation. As shown by microarray analysis, 20 genes which are directly related to the execution, induction or positive regulation of apoptosis, were up-regulated after CD176 antibody treatment of the KG1 cell line. Nine differentially expressed genes observed in the microarray analysis were verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in the KG1 and MT4 cell lines. Six genes ( @entity10206 , @entity522 , @entity18159 , @entity21191 , @entity4284 and @entity15975 ) out of these nine are involved in five apoptotic pathways: The @entity1197 signaling pathway, the @entity4106 and @entity3048 /5 death receptor pathway, caspase cascade in apoptosis, the mitochondrial signaling pathway, and apoptotic DNA fragmentation and tissue homeo- @entity3179 . Thus, we hypothesized that the CD176 antibody binds to the CD176 @entity1735 structure present on apoptosis-associated glycoproteins, such as @entity1197 and @entity3048 at the cellular surface, which activates apoptotic pathways, and consequently results in the apoptosis of CD176-positive cells. CD176 is expressed at the surface of @entity1 @entity1778 cells, but is almost absent in normal and benign adult @entity1 tissues. Thus, CD176 could be a promising target for anti- @entity5 therapy based on the induction of @entity5 -specific apoptosis.

title: Mechanisms of the apoptosis induced by CD176 antibody in XXXX @entity1778 cells.

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Approximately 94.000 @entity1 were killed or disappeared and about 1.8 million @entity1 were forced to flee from their homes during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, from April 1992 to December 1995. The Dayton Peace Agreement, signed on November 21, 1995, ended the war. Life and health conditions of the population in B_H characterized with @entity146 caused by severe war and post-war traumatic events. The aim of this work is to establish the connection between @entity0 in @entity1 and stress caused by traumatic experiences during the war in B_H. We performed this study of pairs at the Clinic for Oncology, University Clinical Hospital Mostar, from November 2008 to March 2009. Two hundred @entity1 from Herzegovina region participated in this research. The study group consisted of 100 @entity1 with diagnosed @entity0 . The control group consisted of 100 @entity1 without @entity0 diagnosis, of the same age and living in the same area. We have found that @entity1 with @entity0 had statistically considerably more war traumatic experiences and thus more stress than the @entity1 in control group (p=0.000). The following conclusions are also noteworthy: 39% of @entity1 in the study group were under the ages of 50, when diagnosed @entity0 . Only one @entity1 got psychosocially care within @entity0 treatment. High middle age of physiological loss of period (>= 50), longer fertile period, as well as the smoking habit are @entity0 risk factors statistically more present. @entity1 with @entity0 have experienced more stress due to significantly more war traumatic experiences, so that war-related stress considered a risk factor.

title: The stress of war and XXXX incidence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'Women', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['severe disorders']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Differentiation of the fish-borne trematodes belonging to the Opisthorchiidae, Heterophyidae and Lecithodendriidae is important from a clinical and epidemiological perspective, yet it is impossible to do using conventional coprological techniques, as the eggs are morphologically similar. Epidemiological investigation therefore currently relies on morphological examination of adult worms following expulsion chemotherapy. A PCR test capable of amplifying a segment of the internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA for the opisthorchiid and heterophyid flukes eggs taken directly from faeces was developed and evaluated in a rural community in central Thailand. The lowest quantity of DNA that could be amplified from individual adults of Opisthorchis viverrini, @entity2440 and Haplorchis taichui was estimated at 0.6 pg, 0.8 pg and 3 pg, respectively. The PCR was capable of detecting @entity325 with the aforementioned species of flukes under experimental conditions. A total of 11.6% of individuals in rural communities in Sanamchaikaet district, central Thailand, were positive for 'Opisthorchis-like' eggs in their faeces using conventional parasitological detection techniques. In comparison to microscopy, the PCR yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 71.0% and 76.7%, respectively. Analysis of the microscopy-positive PCR products revealed 64% and 23% of individuals to be infected with O. viverrini and @entity2441 , respectively. The remaining 13% (three individuals) were identified as eggs of Didymozoidae, presumably being passed mechanically in the faeces following the ingestion of infected fishes. An immediate finding of this study is the identification and first report of a @entity2441 -endemic community in central Thailand. This extends the known range of this @entity8072 in Southeast Asia. The PCR developed herein provides an important tool for the specific identification of liver and intestinal fluke species for future epidemiological surveys.

title: A new PCR-based approach indicates the range of XXXX now extends to Central Thailand.

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['mixed infection']

entities_list: @entity2440 :: ('79923', 'Species') :: ['Clonorchis sinensis']

answer: @entity2440 :: (79923,Species) :: ['Clonorchis sinensis']


abstract: We report a case of @entity1371 resulting from @entity4391 or @entity4391 . @entity4391 is characterized by profuse watery @entity294 that has a low @entity1372 and high @entity972 concentration. It is seen in a variety of medical and surgical conditions, but its exact cause remains unknown. It is thought to result from an imbalance of sympathetic and parasympathetic input in the distal colon. The @entity294 is secretory and driven by @entity972 secretion rather than the inhibition of @entity1372 reabsorption or @entity2865 secretion, which are the most common pathophysiologic mechanisms of @entity11803 . Affected @entity1 often lose >100 mmol of @entity972 daily. @entity4391 is associated with a dramatic upregulation of the @entity4030 or BK @entity972 channel. This channel plays a prominent role in flow-mediated @entity972 secretion in the connecting tubule and collecting duct and is also upregulated in the distal colon in @entity1 with @entity740 and @entity454 . In vitro studies show that the channel is regulated by @entity5733 binding to the b receptor and @entity1919 upregulation, @entity1943 and @entity1369 , insights that can be used to help guide pharmacologic therapy. Nephrologists should be aware of @entity4391 as a cause of extrarenal @entity972 loss.

title: @entity1371 Associated with XXXX ( @entity4391 ).

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity4391 :: ('MESH:D003112', 'Disease') :: ["Ogilvie's syndrome", 'Colonic pseudo-obstruction', 'colonic pseudo-obstruction']

entities_list: @entity5733 :: ('D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['advanced chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity11803 :: ('MESH:C536210', 'Disease') :: ['secretory diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity4391 :: (MESH:D003112,Disease) :: ['Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) is a not very well known disease; it has been described principally in @entity28 and @entity6 @entity1 without significant @entity167 consumption. The @entity1 are practically asymptomatic, and the hepatic function test (HFT) shows minimal changes. The liver biopsy findings are identical to those found in @entity5881 . @entity1561 may progress to @entity82 . OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of @entity1561 in a Mexican community. METHODS: In the City of Pachuca, Mexico, we studied volunteers of both sexes who were between the ages of 17 and 75 years, all with an @entity167 consumption of < 20 g/week without any known @entity99 . A clinical review, laboratory test, and hepatic ultrasound were carried out. Subjects with HFT and ultrasound disorders were invited to continue the study with a hepatic biopsy. RESULTS: Ninety-seven volunteers completed the study, of whom 70 were non- @entity6 and 27 were @entity6 . Ten @entity1 (10.3%) had @entity1561 confirmed by hepatic biopsy; the prevalence in @entity6 was 18.5% and in non- @entity6 , 7.1%. In spite of the differences between @entity1561 @entity1 and the control group concerning gender, age, and @entity6 status, there was no significant statistical difference except for the gallbladder antecedent. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity1561 was 10.3% in the studied group. @entity1561 is more frequent in @entity6 and @entity1 , but without a significant statistical difference. However, the odds ratio (OR) analysis shows @entity6 and female sex to be a risk factor for @entity1561 ; therefore it is probable than our sample size is not large enough.

title: [Prevalence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Comparative study with XXXX @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5881 :: ('MESH:D008108', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NASH', 'Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In the treatment of @entity15 ( @entity15 ), interferon beta ( @entity2391 ) applies. It rarely can lead to @entity879 ( @entity879 ). A 42-year-old female with @entity15 was admitted to the Department because of @entity1087 , @entity425 , drowsiness and @entity390 . Four weeks earlier, she had started therapy with @entity2391 -1a. Liver tests made prior to initiation of @entity2391 -1a were normal but on admission to the Department exceed several times the upper limit. @entity879 was recognized and @entity2391 -1a was immediately stopped. In the fourth day of hospitalization, symptoms of @entity99 have progressed. The @entity1 was transferred to the Department of Transplantation, where @entity5693 developed and three days later the orthotopic liver transplantation was performed. In histopathological picture of the removed liver extensive @entity39 and @entity82 dominated. Immunosuppressive therapy consisted of @entity1140 , @entity618 and tapering @entity229 . Within five years after surgery, there was no recurrence of symptoms of @entity15 and the transplanted organ is functioning properly. @entity879 is a rare complication of @entity2391 therapy but it can occur. The appearance of symptoms suggestive of @entity99 should prompt extension of diagnosis and, if necessary, discontinuation of therapy.

title: @entity879 and liver transplantation in a XXXX with @entity15 treated with interferon beta.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5693 :: ('MESH:D006501', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic coma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['ALF', 'acute liver failure']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['general weakness']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy', 'liver injury']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: @entity4797 arising in @entity1 with @entity252 is extremely rare; to our knowledge, only three cases have been reported in the English language literature. We report a case of @entity4797 in a 39-year-old @entity1 with @entity252 . Gross examination revealed that the @entity5 was a solid and irregular mass measuring 90 mm in diameter. The cut surfaces of this ill-defined @entity5 were yellow-white with @entity39 foci. Histologically, the @entity5 cells were separated into lobules by branching, fibrous septa containing lymphocytes. In some parts of the @entity5 , a cord-like arrangement of @entity5 cells was present. Immunohistochemically, the @entity5 cells were strongly and diffusely positive for antiplacental alkaline phosphatase antibody along their cytoplasmic membranes, but negative for both chorionic gonadotrophin and @entity160 . Based on these findings, we diagnosed this @entity5 as a @entity4797 . The testes when examined were found to be @entity3202 bilaterally, but with no @entity5 lesions. Chromosomal analysis yielded a 47XXY karyotype, compatible with @entity252 . These findings indicate a case of primary @entity4797 in @entity252 . The @entity1 underwent intensive radiation therapy postoperatively, and he demonstrated no evidence of recurrence or @entity3 during the 13-month period following surgery.

title: @entity4797 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity252 :: ('MESH:D007713', 'Disease') :: ["Klinefelter's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity4797 :: ('MESH:D018239', 'Disease') :: ['Seminoma', 'intrapelvic seminoma', 'seminoma']

answer: @entity252 :: (MESH:D007713,Disease) :: ['Klinefelter's syndrome']


abstract: Some @entity64 @entity1 suffering acute @entity2500 develop massive @entity2657 and @entity3976 , a condition known as @entity2500 . Severe swelling @entity428 ( @entity428 ) and leads to progressive @entity409 . Once @entity428 reaches critical values (>30 mm Hg) @entity3976 occurs, usually within 2 to 5 days. @entity1 rarely survive (80% mortality) with standard treatment, and those who do are often severely disabled. @entity2500 is often missed by neurologists, despite well-defined clinical and neuroimaging (CT scan) diagnostic criteria. After diagnosis, conventional treatments such as osmotherapy, barbiturates, buffers, and hyperventilation center on reducing @entity428 . The goal of hyperosmolar therapy is to increase the serum osmolarity to approximately 315-320 mOsm/L. Enteric @entity653 is used routinely to reduce @entity428 . In more severe cases and when @entity653 fails, @entity2656 may be administered. Other therapies are also available, including hypertonic saline solution, THAM ( @entity8973 ) buffer, and high-dose barbiturates. Hyperventilation also helps reduce @entity428 . All measures work effectively for a short time only. Other approaches to control @entity428 , including decompression surgery and @entity2332 , have shown promising results. In the Heidelberg decompression surgery trial, mortality in surgically treated @entity1 was significantly lower (32%) than in non-treated @entity1 (76%) despite conventional treatment. Importantly, of the surviving treated @entity1 , 66% were rated independent with only mild to moderate disability. Moderate @entity2332 (33-36 degrees C) has recently been shown to be effective in severe @entity2500 . @entity2332 induction within 14 hours of @entity63 and maintained for 72 hours significantly reduced @entity428 and mortality (44%).

title: Treatment options for large hemispheric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['herniation']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increases intracranial pressure', 'ICP', 'elevated ICP']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['malignant MCA infarction', 'MCA infarction', 'Malignant MCA infarction', 'middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity8973 :: ('MESH:D014325', 'Chemical') :: ['Tris-hydroxy-methyl-aminomethane']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia', 'Hypothermia']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Understanding @entity5 clonality is critical to understanding the mechanisms involved in tumorigenesis and disease progression. In addition, understanding the clonal composition changes that occur within a @entity5 in response to certain micro-environment or treatments may lead to the design of more sophisticated and effective approaches to eradicate @entity5 cells. However, tracking @entity5 clonal sub-populations has been challenging due to the lack of distinguishable markers. To address this problem, a VDJ-seq protocol was created to trace the @entity2214 patterns of @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ) relapse by exploiting VDJ recombination and somatic hypermutation (SHM), two unique features of B cell lymphomas. In this protocol, Next-Generation sequencing (NGS) libraries with indexing potential were constructed from amplified rearranged @entity7639 ( @entity7639 ) VDJ region from pairs of primary diagnosis and relapse @entity1892 samples. On average more than half million VDJ sequences per sample were obtained after sequencing, which contain both VDJ rearrangement and SHM information. In addition, customized bioinformatics pipelines were developed to fully utilize sequence information for the characterization of @entity7639 -VDJ repertoire within these samples. Furthermore, the pipeline allows the reconstruction and comparison of the clonal architecture of individual @entity5 , which enables the examination of the clonal heterogeneity within the diagnosis @entity5 and deduction of @entity2214 patterns between diagnosis and @entity5 pairs. When applying this analysis to several diagnosis-relapse pairs, we uncovered key evidence that multiple distinctive @entity5 evolutionary patterns could lead to @entity1892 relapse. Additionally, this approach can be expanded into other clinical aspects, such as identification of minimal @entity66 , monitoring relapse progress and treatment response, and investigation of immune repertoires in non-lymphoma contexts.

title: VDJ-Seq: Deep Sequencing Analysis of Rearranged @entity7639 Gene to Reveal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2214 :: ('MESH:D007945', 'Disease') :: ['clonal evolution']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['relapse tumor', 'tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['DLBCL', 'diffuse large B cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity7639 :: ('3495', 'Gene') :: ['immunoglobulin heavy chain', 'IgH']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['Clonal Evolution Patterns of B Cell Lymphoma']


abstract: The expression and distribution of @entity342 , @entity172 and @entity1420 receptors was examined by immunohistochemical staining in 31 @entity982 -embedded sections from @entity43 and the results were assessed by semiquantitative image analysis. Immunohistochemical staining showed heterogeneous patterns of @entity134 receptor distribution, with mainly nuclear immunoreactivity. Eighty-four percent of benign and @entity43 expressed @entity342 receptors (AR), 74.19% @entity172 receptors (ER) and 41.16% @entity1420 receptors (PR). All @entity5 showed immunoreactivity for the three @entity134 receptors. @entity5 expressed higher AR and ER histochemical scores (H-scores) than PR (82% vs 71% vs 39%). The incidence and expression levels of the @entity134 receptors varied widely in the different histological types of @entity5 . Spearman rank analysis showed a positive significant (P < 0.05) correlation between AR- and ER and between ER- and PR-H-scores. In @entity43 , neither AR, ER nor PR immunohistochemical scores correlated with @entity5 FIGO stage. Densitrometric analysis of immunostained @entity134 receptors is a valid method for assessing the @entity134 status, because it reduces subjective elements in scoring sections and increases the reliability of results. The high incidence of AR expression confirms the functional role of AR in @entity43 and suggests that the determination of AR content in @entity43 could have prognostic value.

title: @entity342 receptors in XXXX : correlation with oestrogen and @entity1420 receptors in an immunohistochemical and semiquantitative image analysis study.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors', 'malignant ovarian tumors', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'benign tumors', 'Malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian tumors']


abstract: The authors have previously described a model of in vivo tissue generation based on an implanted, microsurgically created vessel loop in a plastic chamber (volume, 0.45 ml) containing a @entity7050 ( @entity7050 ) scaffold. Tissue grew spontaneously in association with an intense angiogenic sprouting from the loop and almost filled the chamber, resulting in a mean amount of tissue in chambers of 0.23 g with no added matrix scaffold and 0.33 g of tissue in @entity7050 -filled chambers after 4 weeks of incubation. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether a greater volume of tissue could be generated when the same-size vessel loop was inserted into a larger (1.9 ml) chamber. In four groups of five @entity35 , an arteriovenous shunt sandwiched between two disks of @entity7050 , used as a scaffold for structural support, was placed inside a large polycarbonate growth chamber. Tissue and @entity7050 weight and volume, as well as histological characteristics of the newly formed tissue, were assessed at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Tissue weight and volume showed a strong linear correlation. Tissue weight increased progressively from 0.13 +/- 0.04 g at 2 weeks to 0.57 +/- 0.06 g at 6 weeks (p < 0.0005). @entity7050 weight decreased progressively from 0.89 +/- 0.07 g at 2 weeks to 0.20 +/- 0.09 g at 8 weeks (p < 0.0005). Histological examination of the specimens confirmed increased tissue growth and maturation over time. It is concluded that larger quantities of tissue can be grown over a longer period of time by using larger-size growth chambers.

title: Increasing the volume of vascularized tissue formation in engineered constructs: an experimental study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7050 :: ('MESH:C043435', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid)', 'PLGA']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity99 is a rare and @entity146 . Pathogenic driver mutations are largely unknown. We present the case of a @entity1 with recurrent @entity99 , who initially showed good response to @entity2240 , followed by progression. Using comprehensive molecular techniques, we explored the potential mechanisms of resistance. By low-read-depth whole-genome sequencing, the comparison of copy number aberrations (CNAs) of the @entity5 to the skin metastatic lesion that developed after progression on @entity2240 , revealed high-level amplification of the 4q11-q13.1 region (containing @entity2467 , @entity675 and @entity319 genes) that was sustained in both lesions. Whole exome sequencing on the germline, primary and @entity3 DNAs, resulted in 27 confirmed mutations, 19 of which (including @entity876 mutation) presented in both primary and metastatic lesions. One mutation, @entity68789 frameshift deletion, was detected only in the @entity5 . In contrast, seven other mutations, including @entity7985 ( @entity7985 ) @entity57215 mutation, were found only in the @entity3 , indicating selection of cells with the resistant genotype under @entity2240 pressure. Our study supports the notion that @entity7985 - @entity57215 mutation may confer @entity319 -independent signaling and may thus cause resistance against @entity7 (R)-directed therapies. This case illustrates also the advantages of using next-generation technologies in identifying individualized targeted therapy.

title: XXXX ( @entity7985 ) @entity57215 mutation is counterselected under targeted therapy in a @entity1 with @entity99 .

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive vascular neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity7985 :: ('5335', 'Gene') :: ['phospholipase C-gamma1', 'PLCG1']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatic angiosarcoma', 'hepatic angiosarcoma']

answer: @entity7985 :: (5335,Gene) :: ['Phospholipase C gamma 1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A phase II study was performed to assess the activity of @entity901 plus @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) modulated by @entity4181 , as second-line treatment in locally advanced or metastatic @entity420 pretreated with @entity136 -containing schedule. METHODS: @entity1 received weekly intravenous infusions of @entity901 40 mg/m, @entity1487 500 mg/m, and @entity4181 250 mg/m (3 weeks on, 1 week off). RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity1 affected with metastatic (16) or locally advanced (7) @entity420 were involved in this study. A total of 148 weeks of chemotherapy was delivered (median 2 courses each @entity1 ). Among 17 assessable @entity1 , no objective response was registered and 4 @entity1 had stable disease, whereas 13 had @entity5 progression. Median duration of stable disease was 14 weeks. Median @entity74 ( @entity2106 ) was 11.6 weeks [95% confidence interval (CI), 7.6-5.6]. Kaplan-Meier estimated median overall survival (OS) was 17.1 week (95% CI, 4.0-30.1) and 3 months survival rate was 69.6%. Seven @entity1 experienced grade 3 to 4 @entity137 . The regimen was associated with 36% clinical benefit. CONCLUSIONS: The median @entity2106 and median OS in this population with poor prognosis suggests some activity, however, only further investigations will be able to establish the clinical value of this combination.

title: @entity901 , @entity1487 , and XXXX as second-line treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer.

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['time to progression of disease']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity4181 :: (MESH:D002955,Chemical) :: ['leucovorin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the safety of thrice-daily hyperfractionated radiotherapy (RT) given in conjunction with @entity3600 ( @entity3600 ) in high-grade @entity11 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: @entity1 >18 years old with newly diagnosed high-grade @entity11 were eligible. The dose of radiation was 5040 cGy, with a 1440-cGy boost in 180 cGy fractions delivered thrice daily in two 6-day periods with a 2-week interval. @entity3600 (200 mg/m(2)) was administered on the first day of radiation, then every 7 weeks for 1 year and every 10 weeks for another year. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 were enrolled. The mean age was 49.6 years. Sixteen @entity1 had @entity816 (Grade 3 or 4 in 5 and 11 @entity1 , respectively) and 2 had @entity816 (Grade 3 and 4 in 1 @entity1 each). One underwent total resection, 9 subtotal resection, and 8 biopsy only. Thirteen @entity1 had stable disease, 4 regression, and 1 progression. The median time to progression was 37.8 weeks. The median overall survival was 44.4 weeks. Nine @entity1 had @entity137 , including 2 deaths at 69 and 139 weeks. CONCLUSION: This regimen is unacceptably toxic. Factors that could have contributed to the @entity137 may include the total radiation dose, thrice-daily hyperfractionation, and the concurrent use of i.v. @entity3600 .

title: Safety of thrice-daily hyperfractionated radiation and @entity3600 for high-grade XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'neurologic toxicities']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['BCNU', 'carmustine']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['oligoastrocytomas', 'astrocytomas']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Detrusor underactivity is a highly prevalent type of @entity409 in @entity1 and responsible for residual urine and decreased voiding efficiency. @entity1 with detrusor underactivity have an unfavorable outcome after prostatic surgery and do not have better long-term results than untreated detrusor underactivity @entity1 . Therefore, differentiation between detrusor underactivity and @entity1876 ( @entity1876 ) is crucial for the prediction of the outcome of prostatic surgery. RECENT FINDINGS: @entity1 with detrusor underactivity report more frequently about decreased/interrupted urinary flow, hesitancy, feeling of @entity1494 and/or @entity1494 compared with @entity1 with normal pressure-flow studies. Determination of and differentiation between detrusor underactivity and @entity1876 is only possible by pressure-flow studies. Threshold values for the diagnosis of detrusor underactivity have to be adjusted to the @entity1876 -grade. A nomogram using @entity1876 -index and maximum Watts factor is currently the most advanced tool to diagnose detrusor underactivity and/or @entity1876 ; values below the 25th percentile line indicate detrusor underactivity. It is desirable to establish tests to noninvasively diagnose detrusor underactivity. The combination of ultrasound detrusor wall thickness and bladder capacity can safely detect detrusor underactivity. SUMMARY: Careful assessment of @entity409 to discriminate between detrusor underactivity and @entity1876 should be done with pressure-flow studies, can avoid unsuccessful prostate surgery and helps in counselling @entity1 .

title: Detrusor underactivity in XXXX with lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic obstruction: characterization and potential impact on indications for surgical treatment of the prostate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['voiding dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete bladder emptying', 'decreased bladder sensation']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['bladder outlet obstruction', 'BOO']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: Transboundary @entity2927 , several of which are vector borne, can maintain a dynamic focus and have pathogens circulating in geographic regions encircling multiple geopolitical boundaries. Global change is intensifying transboundary problems, including the spatial variation of the risk and incidence of @entity2927 . The complexity of these challenges can be greater in areas where rivers delineate international boundaries and encompass transitions between ecozones. The Rio Grande serves as a natural border between the US State of Texas and the Mexican States of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Le  n, and Tamaulipas. Not only do millions of @entity1 live in this transboundary region, but also a substantial amount of goods and @entity1 pass through it everyday. Moreover, it occurs over a region that functions as a corridor for animal migrations, and thus links the Neotropic and Nearctic biogeographic zones, with the latter being a known foci of @entity2927 . However, the pathogenic landscape of important @entity2927 in the south Texas-Mexico transboundary region remains to be fully understood. An international perspective on the interplay between disease systems, ecosystem processes, land use, and @entity1 behaviors is applied here to analyze landscape and spatial features of @entity37600 , @entity66 , @entity3001 , @entity2926 , @entity12358 , @entity1526 , @entity1 @entity743 , and @entity232 . Surveillance systems following the One Health approach with a regional perspective will help identifying opportunities to mitigate the health burden of those diseases on @entity1 and animal populations. It is proposed that the Mexico-US border along the Rio Grande region be viewed as a continuum landscape where zoonotic pathogens circulate regardless of national borders.

title: Pathogenic Landscape of Transboundary XXXX in the Mexico-US Border Along the Rio Grande.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme Borreliosis']

entities_list: @entity12358 :: ('MESH:D001474', 'Disease') :: ['Bartonellosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Hantavirus disease']

entities_list: @entity2926 :: ('MESH:D007922', 'Disease') :: ['Leptospirosis']

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['Leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity2927 :: ('MESH:D015047', 'Disease') :: ['zoonotic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ['Chagas disease']

entities_list: @entity743 :: ('MESH:D001404', 'Disease') :: ['Babesiosis']

entities_list: @entity37600 :: ('MESH:D004685', 'Disease') :: ['Venezuelan equine encephalitis']

answer: @entity2927 :: (MESH:D015047,Disease) :: ['Zoonotic Diseases']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: While selective @entity817 inhibitors have demonstrated improved outcomes in @entity1 with metastatic @entity817 @entity8554 mutant @entity320 , management of brain @entity3 prior to and during therapy presents challenges. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an effective treatment for @entity320 brain @entity3 , but there is limited safety and efficacy data on the use of SRS during @entity817 therapy. An analysis was performed of @entity1 with @entity320 and brain @entity3 treated with SRS while on @entity5457 . MRI scans were reviewed post-SRS to evaluate local control (LC) as well as distant control. We identified 80 metastatic @entity75 treated in 24 @entity1 . The median planning target volume was 0.28  cm(3) (range 0.05-4.19  cm(3)), and lesions were treated to a median dose of 24  Gy (range 15-24  Gy). The median follow up was 5.1  months (range 2-25.2  months). Eight (10  %) lesions showed progression at a median of 6.1  months (range 2-20.1  months) following SRS. Kaplan-Meier LC estimates at 6 and 12  months were 92 and 75  %, respectively. Fourteen (58  %) @entity1 were noted to have distant brain failure at a median of 3.4  months (range 1.9-16.1  months) following treatment with SRS. Median overall (OS) from the date of SRS was 7.2  months (range 1.5-26.8  months) with a median of 11.9  months (range 1.5-28.5  months) since the date of brain @entity3 diagnosis. There was no evidence of increased @entity137 with the combination of SRS and @entity5457 . SRS to brain @entity3 appears to be both safe and effective for @entity1 treated concurrently with @entity817 inhibitors.

title: LINAC-based stereotactic radiosurgery to the brain with concurrent @entity5457 for @entity320 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'metastatic melanoma']

entities_list: @entity5457 :: ('MESH:C551177', 'Chemical') :: ['vemurafenib']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the initial clinical efficacy of a retrieval stent filter for the management of @entity3181 complicated with @entity715 . DESCRIPTION: The retrieval stent filter consists of two parts (ie, the filter and the Z-stent). The filter was composed of seven legs arranged in the shape of a cone with a retrieval hook at its apex. The filter and the Z-stent were connected with each other, and the retrieval of the stent filter was performed with an Amplatz gooseneck snare (MicroVena [ @entity8417 Lake, MN]). Eight consecutive @entity1 were treated with the stent filters. EVALUATION: The stent filter placement was technically successful in all @entity1 . Inferior vena cavography demonstrated that all of the inferior vena cavae were patent without incidental @entity1151 after deploying the stent filter. A 3-11 months follow-up study showed that all of the stent filters were removed after approximately 5 to 24 days of placement. All @entity1 were still alive with resolution of the symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a retrieval stent filter proved to be expedient, safe, and effective in the treatment of @entity3181 complicated with @entity715 .

title: Retrieval stent filter: treatment of @entity3181 complicated with XXXX --initial clinical experience.

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity3181 :: ('MESH:D006502', 'Disease') :: ['Budd Chiari syndrome']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['inferior vena cava thrombosis']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['inferior vena cava thrombosis']


abstract: Serum IgE levels and the expression of low affinity receptor for IgE ( @entity7527 / @entity7527 ) are increased in @entity4536 . The ligation of @entity7527 receptor by IgE-anti-IgE immune complexes results in @entity842 (NO) production, which is a critical leishmanicidal factor. @entity1 monocytes/macrophages express @entity7527 / @entity7527 after activation with @entity379 and @entity3646 . In the present study, we assessed the relationship between NO, total and Leishmania-specific IgE and soluble @entity7527 across the clinical spectrum of @entity4536 ( @entity4536 ). Sixty-nine @entity4536 @entity1 and 22 endemic controls were studied. NO concentration was estimated using the Greiss method. Soluble @entity7527 , total IgE and anti-Leishmania IgE levels were measured using ELISA. Soluble @entity7527 was increased in the four @entity1 groups (0.001<P<0.05) compared by the Mann-Whitney test to healthy subjects, particularly in @entity17566 ( @entity17566 ) and @entity21700 ( @entity21700 ) @entity1 . Total IgE levels were higher in @entity4536 @entity1 (P<0.0001). Anti-Leishmania IgE showed a similar tendency, where @entity17566 and @entity21700 @entity1 had greater levels. All @entity1 groups, except @entity4536 ( @entity4536 ) @entity1 , showed elevated levels of @entity6836 /NO(3)(-) compared to healthy individuals (0.001<P<0.01). Interestingly, @entity4536 @entity1 did not produce significant levels of @entity6836 / @entity8326 . @entity4536 @entity1 showed a significant positive correlation between soluble @entity7527 and anti-Leishmania IgE. @entity21700 @entity1 showed a positive correlation between both parameters. Overall results suggest that sCD23, IgE and NO may play different roles across the @entity4536 spectrum.

title: Variations in the serum levels of soluble @entity7527 , XXXX and IgE across the spectrum of @entity4536 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity21700 :: ('MESH:D016774', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis', 'DCL']

entities_list: @entity4536 :: ('MESH:D016773', 'Disease') :: ['ACL', 'American cutaneous leishmaniasis', 'ICL', 'cutaneous leishmaniasis', 'intermediate or chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity17566 :: ('MESH:D007897', 'Disease') :: ['MCL', 'mucocutaneous leishmaniasis']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate long-term psychosocial outcomes in young adults who survived @entity326 caused by @entity3631 ( @entity7135 ) during childhood. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING: The psychological investigation took place in the department of @entity1 and Adolescent Psychiatry of the Erasmus MC-Sophia @entity1 's Hospital. @entity1 : All consecutive surviving @entity1 with @entity7135 requiring intensive care treatment at the pediatric intensive care unit between 1988 and 2001. INTERVENTION: To explore biographical characteristics (such as living conditions, educational, occupational, and marital status) and illness-related physical or social consequences a structured interview was used. To assess intellectual functioning the Groninger Intelligence Test 2 was used and to assess @entity146 , the Adult Self-Report was used. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Fifty-eight of 83 eligible @entity326 survivors were evaluated (response rate: 70%). The @entity1 were 16-31 yrs old at time of follow-up (median age: 21 yrs old). These @entity1 had had @entity7135 before 18 yrs of age. Median follow-up interval was 13 yrs, with a range of 4 to 16 yrs. For the vast majority of @entity7135 @entity1 , outcomes on biographical characteristics, intellectual functioning, and levels of @entity146 were comparable to those of reference groups. A minority (5% to 20%) still report illness-related physical or social consequences, @entity146 , and lower intellectual functioning. CONCLUSIONS: Despite favorable outcomes for the majority of @entity7135 @entity1 in the long term, an important minority (5% to 20%) still struggles with ongoing problems as to @entity146 , intellectual functioning, biographical characteristics, and illness-related physical or social consequences.

title: Survivors of XXXX caused by @entity3631 in childhood: psychosocial outcomes in young adulthood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients', 'Children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral and emotional problems', 'behavioral/emotional problems']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity7135 :: ('MESH:D008589', 'Disease') :: ['meningococcal septic shock']

entities_list: @entity3631 :: ('487', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria meningitidis']

answer: @entity326 :: (MESH:D012772,Disease) :: ['septic shock']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate technique effectiveness, safety, and interoperator performance of stereotactic radiofrequency ablation (SRFA) of @entity409 . METHODS: Retrospective review including 90 consecutive @entity1 from January 2008 to January 2010 with 106 computed tomography-guided SRFA sessions using both single and multiple electrodes for the treatment of 177 lesions: 72 @entity157 ( @entity157 ) and 105 @entity3 with a mean size of 2.9 cm (range 0.5-11 cm). Technique effectiveness and 1-year local recurrence were evaluated by computed tomographic scans. Complications, mortality, and hospital days were recorded. The performance between an experienced and inexperienced interventional radiologist was compared. RESULTS: The overall technique effectiveness after a single SRFA was 95.5% (93.1% for @entity157 and 97.1% for @entity3 ). Four of the eight unsuccessfully treated lesions could be retreated (secondary technique effectiveness of 97.7%). Local recurrence at 1 year was 2.9%. Technique effectiveness was significantly different for lesions<5 cm (96.7%) and >5 cm (87.5%) (P=0.044) but not for lesions<3 cm (95.9%) and 3-5 cm (100%). Compared to clear parenchymal property (97.3%), vessel vicinity (93.3%) (P=0.349) and subcapsular (95.2%) (P=0.532) had no, but hollow viscera vicinity (83.3%) had a significantly lower technique effectiveness (P=0.020). Mortality rate was 0.9%. Major complications and hospital days were higher for @entity82 @entity1 -Pugh B (20%, 7.2 days) than @entity1 -Pugh A (3.1%, 4.7 days) @entity1 and for @entity3 (5.1%, 4.3 days). There was no significant difference in interoperator performance. CONCLUSION: SRFA allowed for efficient, reliable, and safe ablation of large-volume @entity409 .

title: Stereotactic radiofrequency ablation (SRFA) of XXXX : technique effectiveness, safety, and interoperator performance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesions', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver lesions']


abstract: @entity11408 cells were normal @entity1 nasopharvngeal epithelial cells transformed by transfection with @entity1799 deoxyribonucleic acid. @entity291 pituitary extract (BPE) was one of the indispensable ingredients for in vitro culture of @entity11408 cells in a serum-free medium. Chromatographic fractionation of BPE and subsequent immunoblotting analyses identified the hemoglobin growth-stimulating factor. @entity3961 (metHb) was then synthesized, and also found to be growth stimulating. The growth-stimulating effect of metHb was abolished when @entity11408 cells were cultured in a medium that also contained @entity2104 , a molecule that binds to hemoglobin. A defined medium consisting of insulin and metHb was then developed for optimal growth of @entity11408 cells. MetHb kept under the conditions identical to those of cell culture released hemin which also enhanced the cell growth. Though all the degradation products of hemin are currently known to be physiologically significant. only ferric @entity68 derived from metHb or hemin could stimulate the growth of @entity11408 cells. Abnormal vasculature showing leaky walls and @entity548 is a common feature of @entity5 . Hemoglobin originating from extravasated red blood cells and subsequently oxidized to metHb because of the presence of activated inflammatory cells might contribute to the increased proliferation of cancerous cells.

title: @entity3961 is a supplement for in vitro culture of @entity1 nasopharyngeal epithelial cells transformed by XXXX DNA.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity1799 :: ('333760', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus type 16']

answer: @entity1799 :: (333760,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus type 16']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of @entity205 ( @entity9472 ) on @entity1810 / @entity15927 signaling in @entity35 gingival fibroblasts and to explore the mechanism of @entity9472 induced @entity8032 . METHODS: Healthy @entity35 gingival fibroblasts were cultured with different concentrations of @entity9472 and the cell proliferations were assessed with CCK-8 assay. The mRNA levels of @entity1810 , @entity15927 and collagen I were measured by real-time PCR. The protein level of @entity1810 , @entity15927 , p- @entity15927 and collagen I were determined using western blot and immumofluorescence. Cell migration ability was detected by cell wound scratch assay. The data was analyzed with SPSS 20.0 software package. RESULTS: The use of 200 ng/mL @entity9472 stimulated proliferation and @entity2522 . The mRNA levels of @entity1810 and collagen I were significantly promoted after @entity9472 exposure. The protein syntheses of @entity1810 , p- @entity15927 and Collagen I were also increased by @entity9472 stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9472 may activate @entity1810 / @entity15927 signaling pathway, thus promoting the proliferation and migration of @entity35 gingival fibroblasts as well as collagen accumulation, which eventually lead to @entity8032 .

title: [Effect of @entity205 on @entity1810 / XXXX signaling in @entity35 gingival fibroblasts].

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['migration of gingival fibroblasts']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rat']

entities_list: @entity8032 :: ('MESH:D019214', 'Disease') :: ['gingival overgrowth']

answer: @entity15927 :: (25631(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Smad3']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The cell type responsible for the @entity2269 surrounding @entity1 @entity3123 is unknown. Hepatic stellate cells, which activate to a myofibroblast-like form, are responsible for collagen deposition in @entity82 and around @entity157 . Recently, pancreatic stellate cells have been described and implicated in the @entity82 of chronic @entity788 . We sought to determine whether these cells are responsible for the scirrhous reaction surrounding pancreatic @entity420 . METHODS: Archival @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded pancreatic tissues from 10 @entity1 undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy for @entity420 and from 2 @entity1 with @entity4292 were examined immunohistochemically for alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), @entity5400 ( @entity5400 ), procollagen I, collagen IV, and endothelial cell markers, @entity2880 factor and cluster of differentiation 31. RESULTS: In non-neoplastic areas, staining for alpha-SMA and @entity5400 was confined to interlobular septal regions. In contrast, the @entity2269 surrounding all 10 pancreatic @entity420 specimens displayed intense interstitial staining for alpha-SMA, @entity5400 , and collagen IV but no staining for @entity2880 factor and cluster of differentiation 31. Procollagen I staining localized intracellularly to fibroblast-shaped cells within this alpha-SMA/ @entity5400 -positive scirrhous region. @entity4294 demonstrated an increase in alpha-SMA staining, although this was not as marked as in ductal @entity420 . CONCLUSIONS: A massive increase in myofibroblast activity, compatible with the activation of stellate cells, is associated with the deposition of collagen types I and IV in the @entity2269 around pancreatic @entity420 .

title: Myofibroblasts are responsible for the @entity2269 surrounding @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity4294 :: ('MESH:D007516', 'Disease') :: ['Islet cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity4292 :: ('MESH:C535838', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic islet cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity2269 :: ('MESH:D058405', 'Disease') :: ['desmoplastic reaction']

entities_list: @entity5400 :: ('4629', 'Gene') :: ['SMMHC', 'smooth muscle myosin heavy chain']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'ductal adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

answer: @entity3123 :: (MESH:C562463,Disease) :: ['pancreatic carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3658 ( @entity3658 ) and its antagonist @entity877 ( @entity877 ) act on the endothelial cell @entity878 receptor to regulate vascular integrity and remodeling. The local balance of these factors and the level of other angiogenic factors determine whether blood vessels grow, are maintained or regress. Profound angiogenesis and vascular remodeling occur in the placenta and this is altered in @entity1468 , a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The mRNAs encoding @entity3658 , @entity877 , and @entity878 were detected and localized in @entity1 placentae throughout gestation. The mechanism of regulation angiopoietin mRNAs level was determined by explant culture in ambient and reduced @entity26 , and in the presence of @entity4316 . RESULTS: In situ hybridization showed that @entity877 mRNA was abundant in the syncytiotrophoblast in the first trimester of @entity1 pregnancy. @entity3658 mRNA could not be detected by in situ hybridization, but was by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Northern blotting. Placental vascular structure is altered in @entity1468 and intrauterine growth restriction, conditions where feto-placental oxygenation is perturbed. In villous explant cultures, a reduction in @entity26 tension significantly raised the levels of @entity877 mRNA, and this was dependent on transcription. However, similar experiments showed that the stability of the @entity3658 message was greatly reduced under these conditions. Thus, @entity519 has opposite effects on @entity3658 and @entity877 mRNA levels. Placentae obtained from @entity1 with @entity1468 had reduced levels of @entity877 mRNA compared to gestationally matched controls. There was no difference in the levels of @entity3658 mRNAs. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that the relative levels of @entity3658 and @entity877 mRNA are regulated by local @entity26 tension by different mechanisms and that this may be important during normal @entity1 placentation.

title: The regulation and localization of angiopoietin-1, -2, and their receptor XXXX in normal and pathologic @entity1 placentae.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

answer: @entity878 :: (7010,Gene) :: ['Tie2']


abstract: Regulation of apoptosis by extracellular molecules binding to cell @entity204 receptors has received much attention in recent years. Fas, a member of the @entity5 necrosis factor receptor superfamily, is a transmembrane protein whose extracellular domain binds its cognate ligand ( @entity12 ), which can induce apoptosis in sensitive cells. Fas ligation leads to activation of cell @entity204 proteases, thereby initiating a proteolytic cascade which results in cellular fragmentation and @entity204 . Apoptosis is also regulated by inhibitory signals which promote cell survival. The @entity588 family of proteins is composed of both inhibitors and activators of programmed cell @entity204 . The @entity588 protein itself inhibits many apoptotic stimuli while other members of the @entity588 family such as bak and bid promote cell @entity204 . Many types of @entity5 chemotherapy induce cellular stress leading to induction of apoptosis. Stress-activated protein kinases such as @entity1435 have been shown to inactivate @entity588 through phosphorylation and induce cleavage of bid. Deficiency of proapoptotic @entity588 family members has been associated with drug-resistant phenotypes. We report that exposure of @entity1 @entity957 lines to different chemotherapy drugs activates a caspase cascade which is distinct from that of receptor-mediated apoptosis. The variable sensitivity of each @entity5 cell line to different forms of chemotherapy was not due to differences in caspase or @entity588 family protein expression. Rather, the stress-activated protein kinase @entity1435 was overexpressed by resistant SCC lines which correlated with reductions in proapoptotic bid and bak protein expression. These two proteins exhibit distinct patterns of intracellular localization during chemotherapy-induced apoptosis.

title: A common pathway for chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in XXXX @entity957 lines distinct from that of receptor-mediated cell @entity204 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate imaging findings in @entity1 with @entity0 ( @entity0 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective search in the databases of 10 radiological departments in Germany from 2000 to 2011 was performed. Only histologically proven cases of @entity0 were included into the study. Mammography was available in 31 @entity1 (33 lesions), ultrasound images in 24 @entity1 (24 lesions), and for 10 @entity1 (14 lesions) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the breast was performed. The breast findings were classified according to the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data Systems (BI-RADS) 5th edition categories. Collected data were evaluated by means of descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Forty-two female @entity1 (mean age 62.0 years, range, 30-86 years) were included in the study. Clinically, all @entity1 had painless lumps. Irregular (53.3% [16/30]) or oval (30.0% [9/30]) mass with indistinct (73.3% [22/30]) or microlobulated (10% [3/30]) margins were common findings on mammograms. Ultrasound revealed typically an irregular (79.2% [19/24]), hypoechoic (62.5% [15/24]) mass, with indistinct margins (79.2% [19/24]), and posterior acoustic shadowing (79.2% [19/24]). MRI showed irregular masses (81.8% [9/11]) with irregular or spiculated margins, and a rapid initial signal increase with a delayed washout in kinetic analysis. CONCLUSION: Overall, @entity0 has no pathognomonic imaging features and can mimic those of invasive @entity189 . @entity0 should be taken into the differential diagnosis of breast findings described above.

title: Imaging findings of XXXX : Results of a first multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mammary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['primary breast sarcoma', 'Breast sarcoma', 'PBS']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['primary breast sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is no validated case definition for @entity1 @entity465 virus-associated immune reconstitution @entity32 (IRIS). We measured the level of agreement of 2 published case definitions (hereafter referred to as @entity4897 and @entity3138 ) with expert opinion in a prospective cohort of @entity1 who were starting antiretroviral therapy in South Africa. METHODS: A total of 498 adult @entity1 were monitored for the first 6 months of antiretroviral therapy. All new or worsening clinical events were reviewed by 2 investigators and classified on the basis of expert opinion, @entity4897 , and @entity3138 . Events were categorized according to whether they were paradoxical or unmasking in presentation. We measured positive, negative, and chance-corrected agreement (kappa) with expert opinion for @entity4897 and @entity3138 , and reviewed areas of disagreement. RESULTS: A total of 620 clinical events were recorded, of which, on the basis of expert opinion, 144 (23.2%) were defined as probable IRIS and 112 (18.1%) were defined as possible IRIS. Of the 144 probable IRIS events, 93 (64.6%) were unmasking in presentation, 99 (68.8%) were associated with @entity66 , and 45 (31.3%) were associated with @entity378 or major @entity1292 . Of the 620 clinical events recorded, 41 (6.6%) were classified as IRIS on the basis of @entity4897 , and 156 (25.2%) were classified as IRIS on the basis of @entity3138 . Positive agreement between @entity4897 and expert opinion was low for both unmasking (17.2%; kappa = 0.24) and paradoxical events (37.3%; kappa = 0.43), mainly because 1 major criterion requires IRIS to be atypical and either an @entity1292 or a @entity5 , although negative agreement was >98%. In contrast, @entity3138 had good positive agreement (>75% for most event types), with a kappa value of 0.75 for paradoxical and 0.62 for unmasking. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3138 agreed well with expert opinion, with additional clinical events, such as @entity2720 and inflammatory dermatoses, being classified as IRIS and added to @entity3138 . We propose revised case definitions for both paradoxical and unmasking IRIS.

title: Defining immune reconstitution XXXX : evaluation of expert opinion versus 2 case definitions in a South African cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory syndrome']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['dermatological or orogenital disease']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infection', 'opportunistic infections']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammatory syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Triple-negative @entity0 is a malignant @entity5 type with a high risk of early recurrence and distant @entity3 . Unlike other @entity0 , triple-negative @entity0 is lack of targetable receptors and, therefore, @entity1 largely receive systemic chemotherapy. However, inevitable adverse effects and acquired drug resistance severely constrain the therapeutic outcome. Here we tailor-designed a @entity7170 -based micelle that was self-assembled from a hybrid amphiphilic polymer comprising @entity968 , @entity7050 and @entity7170 . The bilayer micelles can be simultaneously loaded with two chemotherapeutic drugs with synergistic @entity137 and distinct physiochemical properties, forming a uniform and spherical nanostructure. The drug-loaded micelles showed a tendency to accumulate in the @entity5 and can be internalized by @entity5 cells for drug release in acidic organelles. Under near-infrared laser irradiation, high density of self-quenched @entity7889 in the hydrophobic layer absorbed light efficiently and converted into an excited state, leading to the release of sufficient heat for photothermal therapy. The integration of localized photothermal effect and synergistic chemotherapy conferred great chemosensitivity to @entity5 cells and achieved @entity5 regression using about 1/10 of traditional drug dosage. As a result, chemotherapy-associated adverse effects were successfully avoided. Our present study established a novel @entity7170 -based nanoplatform with photothermal activity and expanded drug loading capacity, providing new opportunities for challenging conventional chemotherapy and fighting against stubborn triple-negative @entity0 .

title: Integration of photothermal therapy and synergistic chemotherapy by a XXXX self-assembled micelle confers chemosensitivity in triple-negative @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity7889 :: ('MESH:D011166', 'Chemical') :: ['porphyrins']

entities_list: @entity7170 :: ('CHEBI:8337', 'Chemical') :: ['porphyrin']

entities_list: @entity7050 :: ('MESH:C043435', 'Chemical') :: ['poly (d, l-lactide-co-glycolide)']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity7170 :: (CHEBI:8337,Chemical) :: ['porphyrin']


abstract: PURPOSE: Ipsilateral adrenalectomy is usually performed during radical nephrectomy because of @entity1358 . Because @entity703 are detected more often in the earlier stages due to widespread use of ultrasound and computerized tomography, we define a subset of @entity1 who would be eligible for adrenal sparing surgery. In a retrospective analysis we evaluated whether parameters obtained preoperatively are able to predict adrenal metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 866 consecutive @entity1 who underwent nephrectomy and ipsilateral adrenalectomy from 1983 to 1999 were evaluated. Preoperative parameters, including @entity5 size, location, clinical stage, number of @entity5 , and @entity1 age and sex, were retrospectively compared with the histological results. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS: A total of 27 (3.1%) adrenal @entity3 were noted in the 866 @entity1 , and 63% were on the left side and 37% on the right side. Mean @entity5 size was 10 cm. with versus 6 cm. without adrenal involvement. Of the 27 @entity1 21 had multiple @entity3 at diagnosis and only 6 (0.7% of all 866) presented with solitary ipsilateral adrenal metastasis. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed @entity5 size and M stage as best preoperative predictors of adrenal involvement. CONCLUSIONS: Adrenal sparing surgery is possible, and we suggest a new algorithm. If maximum @entity5 size measured by computerized tomography is less than 8 cm. and staging examination does not show organ or lymph node @entity3 , adrenalectomy is not necessary because of oncological reasons. This algorithm has to be validated by a prospective analysis.

title: Adrenal sparing surgery during radical nephrectomy in XXXX with @entity1358 : a new algorithm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In ancient and current traditional medicine in M  xico, extracts from the leaves or whole plant of 'life leaf' (Kalanchoe pinnata [K. pinnata]Lam) have been used to treat an entity known locally as 'yellow @entity302 ' (alferec  a amarilla) when it is accompanied by @entity410 . However, the anticonvulsive activity of its stems and roots remains unexplored METHODS: The anticonvulsant activity of the methanolic root extract (MER) or stem (MES) of K. pinnata Lam. was evaluated in a @entity5093 -induced @entity410 model in Balb/C @entity19 , and effects were compared to those of @entity3175 . The stem extract fractions that produced anticonvulsant activity were subsequently evaluated using the @entity5093 -induced @entity410 model. RESULTS: We observed increased latency of @entity410 that was inversely proportional to the dose of MRE, with a similar impact on the lethal effects of @entity5093 . Different doses of the @entity69822 showed a dose-dependent increase in latency to @entity2045 , clonus, and @entity410 , acting similarly to @entity3175 and offering 100% protection against the lethal effects of @entity5093 . Fractioning @entity69822 decreased its effectiveness, but when fractions were mixed with fractions of @entity3636 and @entity1046 , anticonvulsive activity was restored. The preliminary phytochemical analysis identified alkaloids and @entity3150 in MRE, and @entity3150 and @entity6399 in @entity69822 CONCLUSIONS: The anticonvulsant activity of K. pinnata Lam. decreases with increased doses of MRE, whereas the effect of @entity69822 is dose-dependent and preserved in the mixture @entity3636 and @entity1046 . We suggest that the metabolites responsible for these effects are @entity3150 in MRE, and @entity3150 and @entity6399 in @entity69822 .

title: Anticonvulsant activity of methanolic extract from Kalanchoe pinnata Lam. stems and roots in XXXX : A comparison to @entity3175 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity1046 :: ('MESH:C007650', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl acetate']

entities_list: @entity6399 :: ('MESH:D013729', 'Chemical') :: ['terpenes']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity5093 :: ('MESH:D010433', 'Chemical') :: ['pentylenetetrazol']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: In a pilot study four @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ) were treated with rituximab, a B cell depicting chimeric human/mouse anti- @entity2225 antibody. Treatment could be performed without serious side effects and resulted in a depletion of B cells from the peripheral blood for at least 4 months. Examination of one @entity1 three months after treatment revealed a complete depletion of B cells in the bone marrow and in the spleen as well. The time point when peripheral B cells returned into the normal range varied between 8 months and over one year and could be observed also in the spleen. The follow up over more than 12 months revealed no significant treatment-associated side effects. Total immunoglobulin and specific antibody levels did not change except for one @entity1252 - @entity1 receiving additional immunosuppressive treatment including @entity786 because of progressive disease. Clinical effectiveness cannot be judged by the small number of @entity1 . However, one @entity1252 @entity1 with refractory severe @entity882 had a very Favourable response with stable platelet numbers over 100.000/microl now for more than 6 months and disappearance of anti-DNA antibodies. The treatment failure in another @entity1252 @entity1 could be due to the persistence of @entity2225 -negative plasmablasts in peripheral blood which are not targeted by anti- @entity2225 treatment. Further studies are needed to assess the clinical benefit of B cell depletion in the treatment of @entity792 .

title: Effective B cell depletion with rituximab in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thrombocytopenia', 'ITP']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmune diseases']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Parenteral antibiotic prophylaxis is the current standard of therapy in clean-contaminated @entity5 surgery. Nevertheless, the incidence of @entity281 ( @entity281 ) in oral oncological surgery is relatively high, especially in major surgery with reconstruction and tracheotomy. The aims of this study were to investigate the perioperative condition related to microorganisms in the oral cavity and to examine the efficacy of the topical administration of @entity803 in reducing the number of bacteria in the oropharyngeal fluid during intubation. The number of oral bacteria was measured during intubation in @entity1 undergoing major @entity5 surgery. The efficacy of the topical administration of @entity803 or @entity4279 gel in reducing the bacteria was then investigated. Bacteria in the oropharyngeal fluid grew from 10(6)CFU/ml to 10(8)CFU/ml during the 3h after intubation (CFU, colony-forming units). When @entity803 was applied to the dorsum of the tongue, oral bacteria decreased immediately to 10(5)CFU/ml, and the number of bacteria in the oropharyngeal fluid was maintained below 10(7)CFU/ml for 7h. The concentration of @entity803 in the oropharyngeal fluid was extremely high for several hours after topical administration. The topical administration of @entity803 could reduce oral bacteria in @entity1 undergoing clean-contaminated @entity5 surgery. This method is expected to be effective in the prevention of @entity281 .

title: Efficacy of topical antibiotic administration on the inhibition of perioperative oral bacterial growth in @entity5 XXXX : a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oral cancer']

entities_list: @entity4279 :: ('MESH:D011206', 'Chemical') :: ['povidone iodine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['surgical site infection', 'SSI']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A review of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) literature suggested occurrences of low-level incidences of @entity65 in @entity95 fetuses exposed in utero. @entity117 ( @entity117 , @entity1281 ) is a widely used NSAID that irreversibly inhibits @entity70365 . @entity1281 has been studied extensively in @entity35 and has consistently increased low-incidence @entity65 and defects in midline closure. The objectives of the current study were to comprehensively define the developmental toxicology profile of @entity1281 in @entity95 by using a dosing paradigm encompassing the period of organogenesis and to test the hypothesis that maternal @entity344 after repeated dose administrations hampers the detection of low-incidence malformations with @entity1281 in @entity95 by limiting @entity1281 administration to sensitive windows for cardiovascular development and midline closure. METHODS: @entity1281 was administered to pregnant New Zealand White @entity95 from gestation days (GDs) 7 to 19 at dose levels of 125, 250, and 350 mg/kg per day and as single doses of 500, 750, or 1000 mg/kg on GD 9, 10, or 11. Cesarean sections were performed on GD 29, and the fetuses were examined for external, visceral and skeletal development. RESULTS: In the repeated dose study, maternal @entity137 was exhibited in the 250- and 350-mg/kg per day groups by mortality and @entity1907 and body @entity1017 . In the single dose studies, maternal @entity137 was exhibited at all doses by reductions in body @entity1017 and food consumption for 3 days after treatment. Fetal body weight was significantly reduced in the repeated dose study at 350 mg/kg per day. Fetal weights were not affected by single doses of @entity1281 on GD 9, 10, or 11. There were no treatment-related external, @entity600 associated with @entity1281 administration throughout organogenesis or with single doses administered during critical developmental windows. CONCLUSION: These findings supported previous work demonstrating that @entity1281 is not teratogenic in @entity95 , as opposed to @entity35 , even when large doses are administered on single days during specific windows of development.

title: Comparison of the developmental XXXX of @entity117 in @entity95 when administered throughout organogenesis or during sensitive windows of development.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['visceral or skeletal malformations']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular and midline defects', 'cardiovascular malformations']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['decreased food consumption']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity694 with @entity2198 have clinical and pathological features that distinguish them from @entity5 . We investigated the usefulness of @entity124 status as a predictor of the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy with @entity1487 in @entity5 . METHODS: Tumor specimens were collected from @entity1 with @entity694 who were enrolled in randomized trials of @entity1487 -based adjuvant chemotherapy. Microsatellite instability was assessed with the use of @entity20133 and dinucleotide markers. RESULTS: Of 570 tissue specimens, 95 (16.7 percent) exhibited @entity2198 . Among 287 @entity1 who did not receive adjuvant therapy, those with @entity5 displaying @entity2198 had a better five-year rate of overall survival than @entity1 with @entity5 exhibiting microsatellite stability or low-frequency instability (hazard ratio for @entity204 , 0.31 [95 percent confidence interval, 0.14 to 0.72]; P=0.004). Among @entity1 who received adjuvant chemotherapy, @entity2198 was not correlated with increased overall survival (hazard ratio for @entity204 , 1.07 [95 percent confidence interval, 0.62 to 1.86]; P=0.80). The benefit of treatment differed significantly according to the @entity124 status (P=0.01). Adjuvant chemotherapy improved overall survival among @entity1 with @entity5 or @entity5 exhibiting @entity4365 instability, according to a multivariate analysis adjusted for stage and grade (hazard ratio for @entity204 , 0.72 [95 percent confidence interval, 0.53 to 0.99]; P=0.04). By contrast, there was no benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in the group with @entity2198 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1487 -based adjuvant chemotherapy benefited @entity1 with @entity5 with @entity5 or @entity5 exhibiting @entity4365 instability but not those with @entity5 exhibiting @entity2198 .

title: Tumor @entity124 status as a predictor of benefit from XXXX -based adjuvant chemotherapy for @entity694 .

entities_list: @entity2198 :: ('MESH:D006316', 'Disease') :: ['high-frequency microsatellite instability']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['microsatellite-instability']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage II and stage III colon cancer', 'stage II or stage III colon cancer', 'microsatellite-stable tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity20133 :: ('CHEBI:29075', 'Chemical') :: ['mononucleotide']

entities_list: @entity4365 :: ('MESH:C565121', 'Disease') :: ['low-frequency microsatellite']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer', 'Colon cancers']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil', 'Fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['fluorouracil']


abstract: Riparian buffer zones are known to reduce diffuse N pollution of streams by removing and modifying N from agricultural runoff. Denitrification, often identified as the key N removal process, is also considered as a major source of the greenhouse gas @entity3810 ( @entity3727 ). The risks of high @entity3727 emissions during @entity1507 mitigation and the environmental controls of emissions have been examined in relatively few riparian zones and the interactions between controls and emissions are still poorly understood. Our objectives were to assess the rates of @entity3727 emission from riparian buffer zones that receive large loads of @entity1507 , and to evaluate various factors that are purported to control N emissions. Denitrification, nitrification, and @entity3727 emissions were measured seasonally in grassland and forested buffer zones along first-order streams in The Netherlands. Lateral @entity1507 loading rates were high, up to 470 g N m(-2) yr(-1). @entity1568 process rates were determined using flux chamber measurements and incubation experiments. @entity3810 emissions were found to be significantly higher in the forested (20 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)) compared with the grassland buffer zone (2-4 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)), whereas denitrification rates were not significantly different. Higher rates of @entity3727 emissions in the forested buffer zone were associated with higher @entity1507 concentrations in the ground water. We conclude that N transformation by @entity1507 -loaded buffer zones results in a significant increase of greenhouse gas emission. Considerable @entity3727 fluxes measured in this study indicate that Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change methodologies for quantifying indirect @entity3727 emissions have to distinguish between agricultural uplands and riparian buffer zones in landscapes receiving large N inputs.

title: @entity3810 emission and denitrification in chronically XXXX -loaded riparian buffer zones.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide', 'Nitrous oxide']

answer: @entity1507 :: (CHEBI:48107,Chemical) :: ['nitrate']


abstract: @entity1468 ( @entity1468 ) is a pregnancy associated disorder characterized by @entity101 and @entity644 , which causes neonatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. The @entity1198 /Th2 cytokine paradigm of the immune adaptation in pregnancy is now expanded to include @entity1198 /Th2/Th17 and regulatory T (Treg) cells. Among cytokines, @entity2533 has properties that justify evaluation of its role in @entity1468 etiopathology. In this investigation the polymorphisms of the @entity2533 gene at promoter region, positions @entity45412 and @entity12172 , were studied in 142 @entity1468 and 140 normal pregnant female subjects using PCR-RFLP. Additionally, serum @entity2533 was determined by ELISA. At position @entity45412 genotypes and allele frequencies showed no significant differences between @entity1468 @entity1 (GG 73.9%; GA 21.1%; AA 4.93%) and normal control (GG 70%; GA 28.6%; AA 1.4%) @entity1 . However the AA genotype at this position was more frequent in @entity1468 @entity1 than in the control group. At @entity12172 position, genotypes and allele frequencies showed no significant differences between @entity1468 @entity1 and control individuals. The CC genotype at @entity12172 position was more prevalent in @entity1468 @entity1 than in the control group. The mean serum @entity2533 level was significantly higher (62.14 ng/ml) in @entity1468 @entity1 compared with pregnant and non-pregnant control groups (and 47.01 and 40.68 ng/ml, respectively). In conclusion, the promoter region polymorphisms of @entity2533 may not be associated with @entity1468 , but serum levels of this cytokine may contribute to the etiopathology of @entity1468 .

title: Promoter region polymorphisms in the @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) gene and serum @entity2533 concentration in preeclamptic and control Iranian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['Preeclampsia', 'PE']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The ability to fix the eyes on a target, visual fixation, is important for the maintenance of equilibrium. The @entity227 ( @entity227 ) test is one method of measuring the function of visual fixation. The test records @entity346 by electrooculography, and the maximum slow phase velocity of @entity346 in @entity400 is compared with the slow phase velocity in light with eyes fixed. Lesions of the cerebellum, brain stem, and cerebrum cause abnormalities of @entity227 . We report a @entity1 whose @entity227 became a clue in the diagnosis of a @entity6220 . A 54-year-old @entity1 complained of @entity1296 , which gradually increased in frequency over 5 months. He visited several clinics, where @entity394 and @entity4720 were suspected and treated without improvement. Although a pure-tone auditory test revealed bilateral normal hearing, a caloric test showed a weak response and @entity227 was lost with augmentation of @entity346 in light on both sides. Both eye tracking and optokinetic nystagmus tests were abnormal. Although magnetic resonance imaging showed no abnormalities, single photon emission computed tomography revealed @entity551 in the parietal area. @entity227 of @entity346 towards the side of a lesion is reduced or abolished after unilateral flocculus damage, and is abolished bilaterally after bilateral flocculus damage. In the case of a parietal lobe or pontine lesion, @entity227 is strongly abolished, and even augmentation of @entity346 may be observed. In the present case, the @entity1 was diagnosed with multiple-system @entity194 after onset of @entity1296 .

title: [A XXXX with Early-Stage Multiple System Atrophy Showing @entity346 in Light].

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['VS', 'visual suppression']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['disorder of the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular neutritis']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['decreased blood flow']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['darkness']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['caloric nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity4720 :: ('MESH:D055009', 'Disease') :: ['cervical spondylosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']