abstract: One hundred and forty-one attempts at percutaneous transhepatic variceal obliteration were made in 116 @entity1 with portal @entity101 complicated by @entity548 . Varices were successfully obliterated in 80% of procedures and included 37 @entity1 with continuous, @entity548 . @entity548 ceased immediately in these @entity1 . Sixty-five percent of @entity1 rebled a mean of 4.6 mo after successful transhepatic variceal obliteration. A randomized controlled trial against conventional medical therapy (29 treatment, 25 control) failed to show a significant reduction in death rate after transhepatic sclerotherapy, although the onset of further @entity548 was delayed. Follow-up portography in 50 @entity1 demonstrated new vessel formation in 38 @entity1 and recanalization of previously occluded varices in 5 @entity1 . Complications arose in 29 of 141 procedures. There was one death but all the other complications responded to conservative management. Transhepatic variceal obliteration is an excellent, safe emergency treatment for @entity548 , especially in @entity1 with decompensated @entity409 . A high incidence of rebleeding is a long-term disadvantage and means that transhepatic variceal obliteration should not be used for the prophylaxis of @entity548 . Successful emergency treatment of @entity548 should be followed by elective portal decompression in suitable @entity1 .

title: Role of percutaneous transhepatic obliteration of varices in the management of XXXX from gastroesophageal varices.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['variceal hemorrhage', 'Hemorrhage', 'acute variceal hemorrhage']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: Twenty-five normotensive @entity1 were subjected to two periods of mental stress involving a cognitive task and a competitive electronic game. Plasma @entity2661 , heart rate and blood pressure were measured before and during mental stress. @entity6372 to beta-adrenoceptor stimulation was also determined in each subject by measurement of heart rate responses to bolus injections of @entity3044 . Both periods of mental stress were associated with significant @entity551 , heart rate and plasma @entity1425 , but not plasma @entity1063 . Heart rate responses to mental stress varied widely, with increases ranging from 1 to 48 (mean +/- SD 13.5 +/- 10.6) beats/min for the cognitive task and from 2 to 49 (20.4 +/- 14.0) beats/min for the electronic game. Systolic blood pressure responses also varied widely and showed significant positive correlations with heart rate responses. Significant relationships were found between heart rate responses to both forms of mental stress and cardiac sensitivity to @entity3044 , subjects with low responsiveness to beta-adrenoceptor stimulation tending to have smaller heart rate responses to mental stress than subjects with high responsiveness to beta-adrenoceptor stimulation. Relationships were also found between plasma adrenaline responses and heart rate responses to mental stress, although these did not reach significance. Considerably improved relationships were found when heart rate responses were correlated with a single variable generated from the product of the adrenaline response and the inverse of the dose of @entity3044 required to raise heart rate by 25 beats/min. It is concluded that wide variation is shown between different individuals in responsiveness to beta-adrenoceptor stimulation and that this is an important factor in the variability between individuals in heart rate and systolic blood pressure responses to mental stress. Both @entity2661 and adrenoceptor-mediated responses to @entity2661 should be examined when determining the physiological basis for differences in cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress between individuals or groups.

title: Beta-adrenoceptor responsiveness and plasma XXXX as determinants of cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress.

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity6372 :: ('MESH:C538007', 'Disease') :: ['Responsiveness']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressures']

answer: @entity2661 :: (MESH:D002395,Chemical) :: ['catecholamines']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the methods and clinical results of CT-based interstitial @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) brachytherapy procedures for the palliative treatment of recurrent @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 44 brachytherapy implants were performed in 38 @entity1 . CT-guided catheter implants were performed in 34 @entity1 under local anesthesia and sedation, and four @entity1 were implanted intraoperatively. Of 40 CT-guided implants, 20 were done using metallic needles introduced via the sacrum and 20 were transperineal implants of plastic tubes in the presacral region. Postimplant CT scans were used for three-dimensional (3-D) conformal brachytherapy planning. @entity1 implanted with metallic needles were given a single fraction of 10-15 Gy using @entity1168 (192)Ir, and those who received transperineal implants of plastic catheters were given fractionated brachytherapy, 5 Gy twice daily to a total dose of 30-40 Gy. The median @entity5 volume was 225 cm(3) with a range of 41-2,103 cm(3). RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 23.4 months, a total of 13/38 @entity1 were alive. The median postbrachytherapy survival was 15 months with 18 of the 25 deaths due to distant metastases. @entity5 response was as follows: 6/38 partial remission, 28/38 stable disease, and 4/38 local progression. A planning target volume ( @entity343 ) coverage > 85% was achieved in 42/44 implants. The treatment was well tolerated, and no acute complications were observed. One @entity1 developed a @entity292 after 8 months. @entity158 relief was recorded in 34 @entity1 (89.5%), and the median duration of this palliative effect was 5 months with a range of 1-13 months. CONCLUSIONS: Interstitial @entity1168 brachytherapy is a valuable tool for the delivery of high doses and achieves effective palliation in recurrent @entity189 .

title: Palliative interstitial @entity1168 brachytherapy for recurrent XXXX . Implantation techniques and results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['HDR', 'high-dose-rate']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Blood-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) have been used to treat @entity63 . However, the number of EPC that can be obtained from adult blood is limited. OBJECTIVE: To characterize endothelial-like cells obtained from @entity1 bone marrow and determine their ability to stimulate new blood vessel formation in vivo. METHODS: Mononuclear cells (MNC) were isolated from @entity1 bone marrow or umbilical cord blood and cultured in endothelial growth medium (EGM-2). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were isolated from bone marrow and induced to differentiate into endothelial-like cells (MSCE), or adipocytes or osteocytes by growth in EGM-2, adipogenic or osteogenic medium. RESULTS: Cells obtained by culturing bone marrow MNC in EGM-2 formed cord- or tube-like structures when grown on Matrigel(TM) and expressed several endothelial marker proteins. However, cell morphology and the profile of endothelial marker protein expression were different from those of cord blood-derived EPC (cbEPC). Cells with a similar phenotype were obtained by differentiation of MSC into MSCE, which was accompanied by an increase of endothelial marker proteins and a diminished capacity to differentiate into adipocytes. Subcutaneous implantation of MSCE in collagen plugs in non-obese @entity6 -severe combined @entity465 (NOD- @entity915 ) @entity19 resulted in formation of functional blood vessels that had incorporated the MSCE. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that MSCE and cbEPC are different cell types. The formation of functional blood vessels by MSCE, combined with high yields and a reduced capacity to differentiate into other cell types compared with MSC, makes these cells potentially useful for autologous therapy of @entity63 .

title: Characterization of endothelial-like cells derived from XXXX mesenchymal stem cells.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic disease']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficient']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between gastric emptying and the efficacy of an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor in @entity2175 @entity1 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Sixteen @entity2175 @entity1 (4 @entity1 treated with diet therapy alone and 12 receiving a @entity4136 ) were given 0.6 mg of @entity54587 daily for 4 weeks. The efficacy of @entity54587 was assessed by measurement of HbA1c, fasting plasma @entity413 , and 45- and 120-min postprandial plasma @entity413 (PPG) and serum insulin concentrations before and after the 4 weeks of @entity54587 therapy. Gastric emptying was evaluated using the proportional cumulative area under the absorption curve (% AUC) of plasma @entity1443 concentration at 60 min after ingestion of a liquid test meal containing 20 mg/kg of @entity1443 . These measurements were also taken before and after the therapy. RESULTS: The change in the 45-min PPG levels from the fasting state correlated significantly with the % AUC of the plasma @entity1443 concentrations (r = 0.625, P = 0.0096) before the @entity54587 administrations. The mean 45-min and 2-h PPG levels were reduced significantly after 4 weeks of @entity54587 (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Two-hour postprandial serum insulin concentrations were also significantly reduced at the end of the treatment period (P < 0.05). The changes in the PPG levels between pre- and posttreatment periods correlated significantly with the % AUC of the plasma @entity1443 concentrations before the treatment period (r = 0.499, P = 0.0490; r = 0.713, P = 0.0019, respectively). There was no significant difference in the plasma @entity1443 concentrations between pre- and posttreatment periods. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of gastric emptying affects the efficacy of @entity54587 therapy in @entity2175 @entity1 . @entity54587 did not however alter the rate of gastric emptying.

title: Relationship between gastric emptying and an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor effect on postprandial hyperglycemia in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4136 :: ('CHEBI:26831', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonylurea']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity54587 :: ('MESH:C102817', 'Chemical') :: ['Voglibose', 'voglibose']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['NIDDM']


abstract: Pair-rule genes were identified and named for their role in segmentation in embryos of the long germ insect @entity238 . Among short germ insects these genes exhibit variable expression patterns during segmentation and thus are likely to play divergent roles in this process. Understanding the details of this variation should shed light on the evolution of the genetic hierarchy responsible for segmentation in @entity238 and other insects. We have investigated the expression of homologs of the @entity238 Pax @entity70169 genes paired, @entity50890 and @entity50890 -neuro in short germ flour beetles and grasshoppers. During @entity238 embryogenesis, paired acts as one of several pair-rule genes that define the boundaries of future parasegments and segments, via the regulation of segment polarity genes such as @entity50890 , which in turn regulates @entity50890 -neuro, a gene expressed later in the developing nervous system. Using a crossreactive antibody, we show that the embryonic expression of Pax @entity70169 genes in both the flour beetle Tribolium and the grasshopper Schistocerca is remarkably similar to the pattern in @entity238 . We also show that two Pax @entity70169 genes, pairberry1 and pairberry2, are responsible for the observed protein pattern in grasshopper embryos. Both pairberry1 and pairberry2 are expressed in coincident stripes of a one-segment periodicity, in a manner reminiscent of @entity238 @entity50890 and @entity50890 -neuro. pairberry1, however, is also expressed in stripes of a two-segment periodicity before maturing into its segmental pattern. This early expression of pairberry1 is reminiscent of @entity238 paired and represents the first evidence for pair-rule patterning in short germ grasshoppers or any hemimetabolous insect.

title: Pax XXXX genes and the evolution of insect pair-rule patterning.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity70169 :: (250154,Gene) :: ['group III']


abstract: The role of laparoscopic approach for the treatment of malignant @entity550 is still controversial. The aim of this study was to verify the results of laparoscopic adrenalectomy in the management of @entity5 . The medical records of all the @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic procedures for @entity550 and in whom @entity5 was demonstrated at final histology were reviewed. Nine @entity1 were included (3 malignant @entity1911 , 4 @entity1636 and 2 adrenal metastases). At a mean follow-up of 17.0 +/- 12.8 months (range, 2-36), all but two @entity1 were alive and disease free. One @entity1 died for unrelated causes. No @entity1 developed local or port site recurrence. The results of this study demonstrate that laparoscopic adrenalectomy can be safe and effective also in case of @entity5 . Conversion to open surgery in mandatory in case of local invasion and when the dissection cannot be as accurate as in conventional operations. A preliminary laparoscopic exploration can be planned in case of suspected malignant lesions to confirm the diagnosis and to evaluate their operability.

title: [Laparoscopic adrenalectomy in the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal diseases']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal malignancies', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical carcinomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant adrenal lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND @entity1 : One hundred and forty-one @entity1 with recent joint @entity130 , aged 12-71 years, were imaged on a 0.2-T dedicated MRI system and evaluated for @entity79 . The most beneficial sequences were compared. DESIGN: The diagnosis of post-traumatic @entity236 was established in 20 of 141 @entity1 on the basis of decreased signal intensity on T1-weighted SE and GRE sequences and increased signal intensity on T2-weighted TSE and fat-suppressed IRGE sequences. Signal changes within the bone marrow were evaluated and statistically correlated with normal bone. RESULTS: The highest signal alteration was found on T1-weighted SE and GRE sequences, followed by IRGE, which detected smaller differences in signal intensity. T2-weighted TSE imaging showed the least contrast. The areas with bone marrow changes were approximately equal in size on T1-weighted SE and T2-weighted TSE sequences. The same areas depicted on IRGE and GRE sequences proved to be significantly larger (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Using a 0.2-T dedicated system T1-weighted SE, T1-weighted GRE and IRGE sequences were most effective in detecting conspicuous bone marrow alteration, while the T2-weighted TSE sequence was inferior. GRE and IRGE imaging showed areas about 4 times larger depicting bone marrow changes. On suspicion of @entity79 , a protocol including GRE and IRGE pulse sequences could be most beneficial.

title: A comparison of pulse sequences in the detection of post-traumatic XXXX at low field strength MRI.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone bruise', 'bone bruises']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow abnormalities']

answer: @entity236 :: (MESH:D001855,Disease) :: ['bone marrow abnormalities']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To show that in selected cases transvaginal NOTES can be a frugally innovative approach for adhesiolysis and that it can be performed in a low-cost setting. DESIGN: Step-by-step explanation of the technique using videos and pictures (educative video). @entity1 AND MEASUREMENTS: A 51-year old (para 2, gravida 2) presented with meso- and @entity158 . Two years before, an @entity14147 had been repaired using a Proceed Ventral Patch mesh. The diagnosis of @entity158 caused by adhesions was made, and laparoscopic adhesiolysis was planned. On ultrasound, a @entity43 was visualized. Because of the suspected umbilical location of the adhesions, we decided to use a transvaginal NOTES approach to perform adhesiolysis and left adnexectomy. Pathological examination confirmed a small benign papillary serous adenofibroma of the ovary. INTERVENTIONS: A transvaginal NOTES approach to perform adhesiolysis combined with left adnexectomy using only standard reusable laparoscopic instruments and a low-cost self-constructed NOTES port. MAIN RESULTS: The procedure and postoperative recovery were uneventful. No minor or major complications occurred. The @entity1 has been cured of her @entity158 . CONCLUSION: Transvaginal NOTES is a novel approach that requires further validation. This case report shows that transvaginal NOTES can be used to perform adhesiolysis for @entity490 and that it can be performed in a low-cost setting without the need for expensive ports or disposable instruments.

title: Poor XXXX 's NOTES: Can It Be a Good Approach for Adhesiolysis? A First Case Report With Video Demonstration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['small left ovarian fibroma']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['hypogastric pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity14147 :: ('MESH:D006554', 'Disease') :: ['umbilical hernia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Man']


abstract: At the end of gastrulation in avians and mammals, the endoderm germ layer is an undetermined sheet of cells. Over the next 24-48 h, endoderm forms a primitive tube and becomes regionally specified along the anterior-posterior @entity2270 . @entity10008 is expressed in gastrulation and somite stage embryos in the vicinity of posterior endoderm that gives rise to the posterior gut. Moreover, the posterior endoderm adjacent to @entity10008 -expressing mesoderm expresses the FGF-target genes @entity5743 suggesting that endoderm respond to an FGF signal in vivo. Here, we report the first evidence suggesting that @entity10008 -mediated signaling is required for establishing gut tube domains along the A-P @entity2270 in vivo. At the gastrula stage, exposing endoderm to recombinant @entity10008 protein results in an anterior shift in the @entity5908 and CdxB expression domains. These expression domains remain sensitive to @entity10008 levels throughout early somite stages. Additionally, @entity10008 represses the anterior endoderm markers @entity38984 and @entity7457 and disrupts foregut morphogenesis. FGF signaling directly patterns endoderm and not via a secondary induction from another germ layer, as shown by expression of dominant-active @entity7167 specifically in endoderm, which results in ectopic anterior expression of @entity5908 . Loss-of-function studies using the FGF receptor antagonist @entity7795 demonstrate that FGF signaling is necessary for establishing midgut gene expression and for maintaining gene expression boundaries between the midgut and hindgut from gastrulation through somitogenesis. Moreover, FGF signaling in the primitive streak is necessary to restrict @entity38984 expression to anterior endoderm. These data show that FGF signaling is critical for patterning the gut tube by promoting posterior and inhibiting anterior endoderm cell fate.

title: FGF signaling is necessary for establishing gut tube domains along the anterior-posterior XXXX in vivo.

answer: @entity2270 :: (MESH:C566610,Disease) :: ['axis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the degree of @entity3166 ( @entity3166 )-like damage under different stress conditions in neonatal @entity19 . METHODS: 5-day-old C57BL/6 @entity19 were assigned to: (A) breastfed and no stress factors; (B) breastfed+maternal separation (3  h daily); (C) breastfed+ @entity519 +lipopolysaccharide ( @entity558 -4  mg/kg/day); (D) @entity1602 formula+ @entity519 + @entity558 . @entity19 were killed at 9  days of life. Ileum and colon were stained for @entity1710 / @entity1711 and blindly assessed. A scoring >= 2 was considered @entity3166 . Data were compared using one-way ANOVA and reported as median (range). RESULTS: Ileum-Mucosal injury was mild in group B (0.0-1). @entity519 + @entity558 induced @entity130 in group C (1.6, 1-2.5; p  <  0.0001 to B) and D (2, 0.5-3.5; p  <  0.0001 to B). There were no differences between group C and D (p  =  n.s.). There were no cases of @entity3166 in group A or B, whereas @entity3166 was present in 36  % group C and 68  % group D @entity19 . Colon-a similar degree of @entity3137 was observed among group B (2, 1-3), C (1.7, 0-3) and D (1.5, 1-3; p  =  n.s.). @entity3166 was present in 75  % of group B, 50  % of group C and 86  % of group D. CONCLUSION: These models establish a spectrum of @entity1944 and are useful to investigate the variability of neonatal @entity1944 , such as @entity3166 .

title: A spectrum of XXXX models in neonatal @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal injury', 'intestinal diseases']

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['NEC', 'necrotizing enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperosmolar']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['greater injury']

answer: @entity1944 :: (MESH:D007410,Disease) :: ['intestinal injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity65 may not achieve adequate low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) lowering on statin monotherapy, attributed partly to @entity2299 . More intensive LDL-C-lowering therapy can be considered for these @entity1 . A previous randomized, controlled study demonstrated greater LDL-C lowering in @entity6 @entity1 with symptomatic @entity65 who switched from @entity3413 20 mg (S20) or @entity2993 10 mg (A10) to combination @entity3709 / @entity3413 10/20 mg (ES10/20) therapy, compared with @entity6817 dose-doubling (to S40 or A20) or switching to @entity8671 10 mg (R10). The effect of these regimens on novel biomarkers of @entity2299 (low- and high-density lipoprotein particle number and @entity6511 [ @entity6511 ]) was assessed. METHODS AND RESULTS: Treatment effects on low- and high-density lipoprotein particle number (by NMR) and @entity6511 (by ELISA) were evaluated using plasma samples available from 358 subjects in the study. Switching to ES10/20 reduced low-density lipoprotein-particle number numerically more than did statin dose-doubling and was comparable with R10 (-133.3, -94.4, and -56.3 nmol/L, respectively; P>0.05). Increases in high-density lipoprotein particle number were significantly greater with switches to ES10/20 versus statin dose-doubling (1.5 and -0.5  mol/L; P<0.05) and comparable with R10 (0.7  mol/L; P>0.05). Percentages of @entity1 attaining low-density lipoprotein particle number levels <990 nmol/L were 62.4% for ES10/20, 54.1% for statin dose-doubling, and 57.0% for R10. Switching to ES10/20 reduced @entity6511 activity significantly more than did statin dose-doubling (-28.0 versus -3.8 nmol/min per mL, P<0.05) and was comparable with R10 (-28.0 versus -18.6 nmol/min per mL; P>0.05); effects on @entity6511 concentration were modest. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity6 @entity1 with @entity2299 , switching from statins to combination ES10/20 therapy generally improved lipoprotein subclass profile and @entity6511 activity more than did statin dose-doubling and was comparable with R10, consistent with its lipid effects. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00862251.

title: Effect of Switching From Statin Monotherapy to @entity3709 / @entity3413 Combination Therapy Compared With Other Intensified Lipid-Lowering Strategies on Lipoprotein Subclasses in XXXX @entity1 With @entity65 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia', 'atherogenic dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity8671 :: ('MESH:C422923', 'Chemical') :: ['rosuvastatin']

entities_list: @entity6511 :: ('7941', 'Gene') :: ['Lp-PLA2', 'lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2']

entities_list: @entity3709 :: ('MESH:C108606', 'Chemical') :: ['ezetimibe']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetic']


abstract: We collected 75 primary @entity2 with @entity1358 , or sarcomatous elements to better define their clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical profile. The @entity1 's age ranged from 42 to 81 years (mean 65 years), and the male-to-female ratio was 9.7:1. Sixty-nine @entity1 (92%) were smokers. Cough and hemoptysis were the most frequent presenting symptoms. Fifty-nine @entity1 (65%) died of disease: only stage significantly predicts overall survival (p = 0.0273). Microscopically, based on the WHO criteria, 58 cases were classified as @entity189 (51 with an epithelial component, 7 composed exclusively of spindle and giant cells), 10 as @entity189 , 3 as @entity7468 , 3 as @entity6962 , and 1 as @entity8523 . Immunohistochemically, in the @entity5 composed exclusively of spindle and/or giant cells, @entity7457 ( @entity7457 ) and @entity5822 were positive in 55% and 70% of the cases, respectively, whereas @entity3231 was always negative. In @entity189 with an epithelial component, @entity5822 , @entity7457 , and @entity3231 were positive in the sarcomatoid component in 62.7%, 43.1%, and 5.9% of the cases, respectively, whereas they were always negative in the sarcomatous part of @entity6962 and @entity8523 . In the epithelial component of @entity189 , @entity5822 , @entity7457 , and @entity3231 were positive in 76.4%, 58.8%, and 39.2% of the cases, respectively, whereas the same antibodies did not react with the epithelial component of @entity6962 ; in the case of @entity8523 , the epithelial part of the @entity5 was positive for @entity5822 and @entity7457 , whereas it was negative for @entity3231 . @entity2225 was always negative. In our opinion, this study: 1) supports the metaplastic histogenetic theory for this group of @entity5 ; 2) shows that @entity5822 and @entity7457 , but not @entity3231 , are useful immunohistochemical markers in this setting; 3) confirms that stage is at the moment the only significant prognostic parameter, as in conventional @entity1149 ; and 4) shows that this group of @entity5 has a worse prognosis than @entity1149 at surgically curable stages I, justifying their segregation as an independent histologic type in the WHO classification.

title: @entity2 with XXXX , or sarcomatous elements: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 75 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3231 :: ('653509', 'Gene') :: ['surfactant protein-A']

entities_list: @entity7468 :: ('MESH:D018286', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['spindle cell carcinoma', 'pleomorphic carcinoma', 'pleomorphic carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung carcinomas', 'conventional non-small cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity8523 :: ('MESH:D018202', 'Disease') :: ['blastoma', 'pulmonary blastoma']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic, sarcomatoid']

entities_list: @entity7457 :: ('7080', 'Gene') :: ['thyroid transcription factor-1', 'TTF-1']

entities_list: @entity6962 :: ('MESH:D002296', 'Disease') :: ['carcinosarcoma', 'carcinosarcomas']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['pleomorphic, sarcomatoid']


abstract: Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are a diverse group of materials finding increasing use in manufacturing, computing, food, pharmaceuticals, and biomedicine due to their very small size and exceptional properties. Health and safety concerns for ENMs have forced regulatory agencies to consider preventive measures and regulations for workers' health and safety protection. Respiratory system @entity137 from inhalable ENMs is the most important concern to health specialists. In this review, we focus on similarities and differences between conventional microparticles (diameters in mm and  m), which have been previously studied, and nanoparticles (sizes between 1 and 100 nm) in terms of size, composition, and mechanisms of action in biological systems. In past decades, respirable particulate matter (PM), asbestos fibers, crystalline @entity7182 , and various amorphous dusts have been studied, and epidemiological evidence has shown how dangerous they are to @entity1 health, especially from exposure in working environments. Scientific evidence has shown that there is a close connection between respirable PM and pulmonary oxidative stress through the generation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) and reactive @entity1568 species (RNS). There is a close connection between oxidative stress in the cell and the elicitation of an inflammatory response via pro-inflammatory gene transcription. Inflammatory processes increase the risk for @entity2 . Studies in vitro and in vivo in the last decade have shown that engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) at various doses can cause ROS generation, oxidative stress, and pro-inflammatory gene expression in the cell. It is assumed that ENPs have the potential to cause acute @entity2 in @entity1 . The situation regarding chronic exposure at low doses is more complicated. The long-term accumulation of ENPs in the respiratory system cannot be excluded. However, at present, exposure data for the general public regarding ENPs are not available.

title: Potential XXXX and safety evaluation of nanomaterials for the respiratory system and @entity2 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity7182 :: ('MESH:D017640', 'Chemical') :: ['silicate']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'respiratory diseases and probably lung cancer']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: Subjects were 227 @entity1 with acute @entity1274 of 17,146 @entity1 seen at our ear, nose, and throat (E.N.T.) outpatient clinic from October 1994 through September 2000. Of these, 45 suffered from profound and moderate @entity2459 diagnosed when the arithmetical mean of hearing thresholds at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 KHz was 40 dB or worse. Of the 30 @entity1 whose medical treatment was started within 7 days of onset, 18 (60%) showed excellent or complete recovery of hearing, whereas none of the 15 whose treatment was started 8 days or late after onset showed satisfactory improvement. In general, the sooner treatment was started, the better hearing recovered. Idiopathic acute low-tone @entity1274 was found in 111 (49%) @entity1 with a female preponderance at a M:F ratio of 1:2.3, but no gender difference was seen in other diseases. The most common symptom was a feeling of pressure or fullness in the affected ear. Only 16% of @entity1 were aware of their hearing disturbance. Some 73 (66%) showed complete recovery. @entity9303 was diagnosed in 13, in whom hearing improved in only 2 (15%). Probable @entity9303 was diagnosed in 9 @entity1 who had 1 definitive episode of vertigo with low-tone @entity1274 , and their prognosis was good. The prognosis in 7 @entity1 with @entity393 due to @entity13378 and 1 with @entity393 was good, but normal hearing was not restored in 1 with mumps or 1 with @entity5513 . A @entity1 with @entity2316 had @entity393 and @entity346 toward the affected ear. Attacks of vertigo were controlled by diuretic therapy, but hearing recovery occurred by a little less than 10 dB. Some 35 @entity1 had mild idiopathic @entity393 and prognosis was relatively good. Hearing was disturbed after @entity542 in 2 and after nose blowing in 1, probably attributable to concussion of the labyrinth or the formation of a perilymphatic @entity292 . The diagnosis of this condition could not be made with certainty by surgical exploration of the ear.

title: [Acute XXXX in 277 outpatient cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neurinoma']

entities_list: @entity13378 :: ('MESH:D006317', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic trauma']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity9303 :: ('MESH:D008575', 'Disease') :: ["Meniere's disease"]

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'low-tone hearing loss', 'psychogenic hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity2459 :: ('MESH:D003639', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic sudden hearing loss']

answer: @entity1274 :: (MESH:D006319,Disease) :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']


abstract: Among 111 hearts with so-called "isolated" @entity1757 , 18 specimens were found to have a subaortic perimembranous defect with an overriding aortic valve but without @entity849 . The ventricular architecture was characterized by several abnormalities. A constant finding was the wide right ventricular outflow tract. The outlet septum had its normal continuity with the septomarginal trabecula, but its parietal extension was located relatively far anteriorly. Part of the aortic valve thus inserted to the right ventricular component of the ventriculo-infundibular fold in the gap between the outlet septum and the tricuspid valve. @entity1002 comprised mitral @entity340 in all cases. There was an anteroseptal twist (leftward thickening of the anterior part of the ventricular septum) in 16 cases. A bicuspid aortic valve and/or malformed cusps were observed in 4 cases. Because of the linking phenomenon of aortic override, we also examined 10 hearts with @entity215 and, in the latter, such abnormalities were not found. Our observations indicate that this seemingly simple type of defect is part of a complex @entity600 involving both septation and valve formation. Awareness of the existence of the @entity854 might make them accessible for echocardiographic diagnosis. It was noteworthy that 11 of the 18 @entity1 had @entity2008 , 9 of them presenting with @entity7440 .

title: Abnormal architecture of the ventricles in hearts with an overriding aortic valve and a perimembranous XXXX ("Eisenmenger VSD").

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['architectural abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular abnormalities']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['ventricular septal defect']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A prerequisite for endoscopic treatment (ET) of not only mucosal, but also submucosal early @entity7145 ( @entity44477 ) would be a rate of @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) @entity3 below the mortality rate of esophagectomy (2-5  %). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the rate of @entity1600 @entity3 in @entity1 with pT1b @entity895 @entity44477 . METHODS: 1996-2010, 1,718 @entity1 with suspicion of @entity44477 were referred to the Department of Internal Medicine II at HSK Wiesbaden. In 123/1718 @entity1 , the suspicion (endoscopic ultrasound, EUS) or definitive diagnosis of @entity895 @entity44477 (ER/surgery) was made. Rate of @entity1600 @entity3 was analyzed separately for low-risk (LR; G1-2, L0, V0) and high-risk lesions (HR; G3, @entity5022 ). @entity1600 @entity3 was only evaluated in @entity1 who had a proven maximum invasion depth of @entity895 (ER and/or surgery), and who in case of ET had a follow-up (FU) by EUS of at least 24  months. RESULTS: Of the 72/123 @entity1 included into the study, 49 @entity1 had LR (68  %) and 23 @entity75 (32  %). In endoscopically treated LR @entity1 (37/49), mean EUS-FU was 60      30  mo (range 25-146); in HR @entity1 undergoing ET (6/23), it was 63      17  mo (46-86; p  =  0.4). Mean number of resected @entity1600 was 27      16 (12-62) in operated LR @entity1 and 27      10 (12-47) in HR- @entity1 . The rate of @entity1600 @entity3 was 2  % in the LR (1 @entity1 ) and 9  % in the HR group (2 @entity1 ; p  =  0.24). Mortality of esophagectomy was 3  %. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of @entity1600 @entity3 in pT1b @entity895 early @entity420 with histological LR pattern was lower than the mortality rate of esophagectomy. ER may therefore be used alternatively to surgery in this group of @entity1 .

title: The frequency of XXXX in early-stage @entity7145 with @entity3 (pT1b @entity895 ) depending on histological risk patterns.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['HR lesions']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7145 :: ('MESH:C562730', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the esophagus']

answer: @entity1600 :: (MESH:D014388,Disease) :: ['lymph node metastasis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Bioprosthetic heart valves (BHV) fabricated from @entity3584 pretreated heterograft materials, porcine aortic valves or @entity291 pericardium (BP), are widely used in cardiac surgery. BHV progressively fail in clinical use due to @entity528 . Previously we reported that @entity21614 , an oxidized @entity535 , was present in failed clinical BP-BHV explants; unimplanted BP had no detectable @entity21614 . In the same studies BP were demonstrated in vitro to be susceptible to oxidative damage, that could be mitigated with BP covalently modified with the antioxidant, 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)propyl amine ( @entity11559 ). The present studies compared in @entity35 subdermal implants @entity3584 pretreated BP to BP modified with either @entity11559 or the chemical reactions used to link @entity11559 . All BP explants regardless of @entity11559 demonstrated reduced @entity720 and increased digestibility by collagenase. However, the @entity11559 -BP explants showed significant inhibition of reduced explant shrink temperatures (an index of crosslinking) as compared with control BP. Significant mitigation of @entity730 was observed in both the BP-DBP and chemically modified explants as compared with BP. @entity21614 was not detectable in the 90 day explants. It is concluded that @entity35 subdermal BP implants undergo both calcific and noncalcific @entity528 , but without the formation of @entity21614 , unlike clinical BP explants.    2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2014.

title: The effects of the covalent attachment of 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl) propyl amine to @entity3584 pretreated @entity291 pericardium on XXXX , oxidative modification, and @entity730 of @entity35 subdermal implants.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity21614 :: ('CHEBI:50607', 'Chemical') :: ['Dityrosine', 'dityrosine']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['structural degeneration']

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['structural degeneration']


abstract: Controversy still exists concerning the diagnosis and treatment of @entity14943 ( @entity14943 ). Although surgical removal of the affected lobe is the most commonly accepted form of treatment, detection of milder or even asymptomatic cases is usually followed by a more conservative management of @entity1 , i. e. non-surgical treatment and follow-up. We therefore decided to evaluate our @entity1 with @entity14943 , placing special emphasis on treatment and diagnostic techniques. We also evaluated quantitative analyses of alveolar diameters. Fourteen @entity1 with @entity14943 were analysed retrospectively, including age, sex, clinical picture, localisation, diagnostic and surgical modalities and histopathologic diagnosis. The alveolar diameters of affected lobes were compared with those of the lobectomised @entity1 with other @entity1576 . All @entity1 but one had severe respiratory distress as an initial symptom. All @entity1 , except newborns, had a history of @entity358 . All cases underwent thoracic CT examination as the main radiologic method. In all of the @entity1 , only one lobe was affected. We found an obvious mediastinal shift and atelectasis of adjacent lobes due to compression of the affected lobe. The affected lobe was therefore surgically removed in all of the @entity1 . In one case, we had to carry out a partial lobectomy to reduce the duration of the operation, due to an intraoperative fall of @entity26 saturation. All of the @entity1 had an uneventful clinical course postoperatively. The alveolar diameters of the cases with @entity14943 were significantly greater than those of the control @entity1 . We think that the majority of cases with @entity14943 have too severe respiratory distress to avoid surgical removal of affected lobe. Conservative management should be reserved only for @entity1 with milder symptoms or no distress at all.

title: XXXX : a clinicopathologic evaluation of 14 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['non-obstructive respiratory diseases']

entities_list: @entity14943 :: ('MESH:C535735', 'Disease') :: ['CLE', 'congenital lobar emphysema']

answer: @entity14943 :: (MESH:C535735,Disease) :: ['Congenital lobar emphysema']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Interaural level and time differences ( @entity3130 and ITD), the primary binaural cues for sound localization in azimuth, are known to modulate the tuned responses of neurons in @entity1 auditory cortex (AC). The majority of these neurons respond best to cue values that favor the contralateral ear, such that contralateral bias is evident in the overall population response and thereby expected in population-level functional imaging data. @entity1 neuroimaging studies, however, have not consistently found contralaterally biased binaural response patterns. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to parametrically measure @entity3130 and ITD tuning in @entity1 AC. For @entity3130 , contralateral tuning was observed, using both univariate and multivoxel analyses, in posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG) in both hemispheres. Response- @entity3130 functions were U-shaped, revealing responsiveness to both contralateral and-to a @entity717 values, consistent with rate coding by unequal populations of contralaterally and ipsilaterally tuned neurons. In contrast, for ITD, univariate analyses showed modest contralateral tuning only in left pSTG, characterized by a monotonic response-ITD function. A multivoxel classifier, however, revealed ITD coding in both hemispheres. Although sensitivity to @entity3130 and ITD was distributed in similar AC regions, the differently shaped response functions and different response patterns across hemispheres suggest that basic @entity3130 and ITD processes are not fully integrated in @entity1 AC. The results support opponent-channel theories of @entity3130 but not necessarily ITD coding, the latter of which may involve multiple types of representation that differ across hemispheres.

title: Tuning to Binaural Cues in XXXX Auditory Cortex.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['lesser degree-ipsilateral ILD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective To determine the efficacy of hydroxyurea therapy on transfusion-dependent @entity8674 @entity1 . Methods This study collected articles from databases, applied inclusion and exclusion criteria, and analyzed them for bias. The effects of hydroxyurea on transfusion requirements were categorized according to the following definitions. 'Good responders' were @entity1 who became transfusion independent after treatment. 'Moderate responders' were @entity1 who were still transfusion dependent, however, experienced a significant decline in their transfusion requirements. 'Poor responders' were defined as @entity1 who did not respond to hydroxyurea. Results A total of 13 studies met all the inclusion and exclusion criteria providing a total of 1196 study @entity1 . The weighted average of the odds ratio using the random effect model (P  <  0.001) was determined to be 0.493 for good responders, 0.270 for moderate responders, and 0.229 for poor responders. Discussion Until now, there has not been any double-blinded placebo-controlled studies performed looking at the effectiveness of hydroxyurea with this regard, and this substantially limits this meta-analysis. More studies should be conducted to determine whether hydroxyurea preferentially treats particular type of mutations over others. Conclusion This study suggests that hydroxyurea provides some benefit to @entity1 , and therefore, in certain clinical situations, it may be understandable to start a trial therapy of hydroxyurea to qualifying @entity1 . However, a double-blinded placebo-controlled studies should be performed before its efficacy can be considered established.

title: Meta-analysis on effectiveness of hydroxyurea to treat transfusion-dependent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8674 :: ('MESH:D017086', 'Disease') :: ['beta-thalassemia']

answer: @entity8674 :: (MESH:D017086,Disease) :: ['beta-thalassemia']


abstract: Most of the @entity409 do not change substantially their size for years. In some of the cases they grow, which may correlate to complaints and a risk of complications. Due to the rarity and the benign nature of the pathology, the surgical tactics and the technical methods have not been fully clarified. The goal of the present study is to present the experience of the Department of General and Liver-pancreatic Surgery in the surgical treatment of @entity409 against data of the specialized literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the January 1995-March 2013 period, 101 @entity1 were subjected to @entity409 surgery at the Department of General and Liver-pancreatic Surgery, UH "Alexandrovska" Sofia. Main demographic, clinical, diagnostic and surgical procedures have been analyzed. RESULTS: Of 101 operated @entity1 , 27 (26.7%) were male and 74 (73.3%)--female, aged 25- 77, mean age--50.7. The focal lesion was successfully diagnosed with diagnostic imaging methods: 96.9% with US, 98.3% with CT and 100 % with MRI. We established diagnostic specificity of 60.3%, 55.0% and 85.7%, respectively. The following interventions were performed: 14 large liver resections of three and more segments, 35 @entity10584 , 35 enucleations and enucleoresections and 30 mono- and bisegmentectomies. @entity532 were observed with 6 (5.9%) @entity1 . None of the @entity1 died. CONCLUSION: The combination of modern non-invasive imaging methods reaches diagnostic sensitivity and specificity sufficient to identify the @entity409 and take a decision on the therapeutic conduct. The possibilities for surgical treatment is limited and is applied upon strict indications. Liver resections in different volume and enucleations should be applied after correct selection of @entity1 , so as to ensure minimum risk of morbidity and mortality.

title: XXXX --surgical point of view.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver hemangioma', 'liver hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Post-operative complications']

entities_list: @entity10584 :: ('MESH:C537001', 'Disease') :: ['left-side lobectomies']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Liver hemangiomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of stent placement in the management of @entity1211 after curative surgery for @entity788 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From September 1995 to April 2007, percutaneous transhepatic portal venous stent placement was attempted in 19 @entity1 with postoperative @entity1211 . @entity1211 was a complication of surgery in 11 @entity1 and caused by @entity5 recurrence in eight @entity1 . The clinical manifestations were @entity843 , @entity360 , @entity476 , esophageal varices, and @entity409 . Stents were placed in the stenotic or occluded lesions after percutaneous transhepatic portography. Technical and clinical success, stent patency, and complications were evaluated. RESULTS: Stent placement was successful in 18 @entity1 (technical success rate, 95%). Clinical manifestations improved in 16 @entity1 (clinical success rate, 84%). The mean patency period among the 18 @entity1 with technical success was 21.3    23.2 months. The mean patency period of the benign stenosis group (30.1    25.6 months) was longer than that of the @entity5 recurrence group (7.3    7.7 months), and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.038). There were two cases of a minor complication (transient fever) and three cases of major complications ( @entity295 , @entity5572 , and @entity49 ). CONCLUSION: Percutaneous transhepatic stent placement can be safe and effective in relieving @entity1211 after curative surgery for @entity788 . @entity1 with benign stenosis had more favorable results than did those with @entity5 recurrence.

title: Percutaneous transhepatic stent placement in the management of @entity1211 after curative surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5572 :: ('MESH:D008100', 'Disease') :: ['liver abscess']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic and biliary neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal liver function']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['acute portal venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['portal venous stenosis', 'Portal venous stenosis']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['hematochezia']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic and biliary neoplasms']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) is an oral alkylating agent that has been used over the past 8  years to treat aggressive @entity977 resistant to conventional therapy. To date, only 25 @entity1 treated with @entity2904 for ACTH producing @entity977 (14 @entity652 and 11 @entity189 ) have been reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We present  a retrospective review of the medical records of three @entity1 with aggressive ACTH producing @entity652 treated with @entity2904 . In the three cases there was evidence of progression to conventional therapy before starting @entity2904 . We used the conventional scheme for the treatment of @entity11 until completing 7, 12 and 6 cycles respectively. Reduction in @entity5 size was evident after the 3rd, 5th and 4th cycle of @entity2904 and progression free survival was 25, 19 and more than 12  months in the three @entity1 respectively. Improvement of the ocular and visual symptoms was evident after the 4th cycle of treatment in all cases. Normalization of urinary free @entity701 levels was achieved after the 3rd and 9th cycle in the two cases with @entity699 . Two of the three @entity1 received a second course of treatment when the disease progressed but it did not stop @entity5 progression. The principal side effects were G3 @entity1398 , G1 and G2 @entity882 , @entity2905 , @entity1395 and @entity390 . CONCLUSION: The treatment with @entity2904 is effective and safe in @entity1 with aggressive @entity5 resistant to conventional therapy. Nevertheless once the disease progresses, a second course of treatment does not seem to be effective.

title: @entity2903 for aggressive ACTH XXXX : failure of a second course of treatment.

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'corticotrophin tumors']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['G1 lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ['hypercortisolism']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumors']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['Temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary tumors']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of @entity131 ( @entity131 ) on sexual ability, activity and satisfaction and to relate the findings to neurological status, functioning and well-being. A total of 92 @entity131 @entity1 (65 @entity1 , 27 @entity1 ) participated. Their ages ranged from 20-70 years (median 40 years); the median age at injury was 32 years, ranging from 16-56 years. The elapsed time since injury ranged from 1-20 years (median 9 years). The @entity1 were examined according to a procedure including neurological examination, self-assessment of general health status and functioning and mood, and collection of data on social conditions. A structured study-specific questionnaire was developed to assess various aspects of sexuality before and after the injury. Fifty-three of the @entity1 had a stable partner relationship at the time of the investigation. This study showed that a @entity131 commonly alters sexual functioning as well as desire. Many of the respondents reported decreased ability to achieve an erection, decreased ability to experience organism, decreased sexual desire and diminished frequency of intercourse. A high degree of physical independence and maintained sexual ability were the most important predictors for sexual adjustment. Considering that many @entity131 @entity1 in this study reported physiological sexual disturbances and decreased sexual ability, it is important to inform @entity1 about possibilities of optimizing their sexual ability. Organized programmes of sexuality education should be an integral component of @entity131 rehabilitation.

title: Sexual adjustment and its predictors after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: Intensive weight-supported treadmill training (WSTT) improves locomotor function following @entity1566 . Because of a number of factors, undergoing intensive sessions of training may not be feasible. Whether reduced amounts of training are sufficient to enhance spinal plasticity to a level that is necessary for improving function is not known. The focus of the present study was to assess differences in @entity717 and spinal plasticity as a function of the amount of steps taken during WSTT in a rodent model of @entity1566 . @entity35 were spinally transected at 5 days of age. When they reached 28 days of age, a robotic system was used to implement a weight-supported treadmill training program of either 100 or 1000 steps/training session daily for 4 weeks. Antibodies for @entity2136 ( @entity2136 ), @entity10864 , and the pre-synaptic marker, @entity20099 , were used to examine the expression of these proteins in the ventral horn of the lumbar spinal cord. @entity35 that received weight-supported treadmill training performed better stepping relative to untrained @entity35 , but only the @entity35 that received 1000 steps/training session recovered locomotor function that resembled normal patterns. Only the @entity35 that received 1000 steps/training session recovered normal levels of @entity20099 immunoreactivity around motor neurons. Weight-supported treadmill training consisting of either 100 or 1000 steps/training session increased @entity2136 immunoreactivity in the ventral horn of the lumbar spinal cord. @entity10864 expression in the ventral horn was not affected by spinal cord transection or weight-supported treadmill training. @entity20099 expression, but not @entity2136 or @entity10864 expression was correlated with the recovery of stepping function. These findings suggested that a large amount of weight-supported treadmill training was necessary for restoring synaptic connections to motor neurons within the locomotor generating circuitry. Although a large amount of training was best for recovery, small amounts of training were associated with @entity1017 in function and increased @entity2136 levels.

title: Differential effects of low versus high amounts of weight supported treadmill training in spinally transected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2136 :: ('24225(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['BDNF', 'brain-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity20099 :: ('24804(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Synaptophysin', 'synaptophysin']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['incremental gains']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['recovery of locomotor function']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association of prognostic factors of feline mammary gland @entity5 , correlating them with @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). METHODS: Fifty-six primary @entity5 and 16 metastatic lymph nodes from 37 female @entity468 were analyzed. Clinical staging, histologic type and grade, and immunohistochemistry for Ki-67, @entity1420 and @entity172 receptor, @entity1 epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 ( @entity1722 ), @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) were evaluated. Follow-up was performed in order to correlate prognostic factors with @entity1349 . RESULTS: Lymph node @entity3 was found in 35% of cases. Clinical stage III, @entity189 and histologic grade II cases prevailed in the study. Most @entity5 were positive for hormonal receptors, negative for @entity1722 overexpression and presented @entity7 overexpression. Immunoreactivity for Ki-67 (P = 0.046) and @entity3840 (P = 0.007) was higher in @entity3 than in primary @entity5 . @entity3840 (P = 0.089), @entity1722 (P = 0.012) and histologic grade (P = 0.080) were correlated with @entity1349 . CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The data suggest that inhibition of ovarian hormones and @entity3840 may represent a therapeutic option for malignant feline mammary gland @entity5 . @entity3840 scores and Ki-67 index should be analyzed in primary @entity5 and @entity3 , and histologic grade, @entity1722 status and @entity3840 scores had a direct influence in @entity1349 . Prognostic factors allow for a better understanding of disease outcome in a condition that is characterized by a poor prognosis. The present work highlights the need for further studies on endocrine therapy and @entity3840 inhibitors, which could influence @entity1349 .

title: Evaluation of prognostic factors and survival rates in malignant feline mammary gland XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'malignant mammary gland neoplasms', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['tubulopapillary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The alterations in cortical morphology, such as cortical thinning, observed in @entity914 , may be the outcome of interacting genetic and environmental effects. It has been suggested that urban upbringing may represent a proxy environmental effect impacting @entity121 ( @entity121 ). Therefore, the current study examined whether the association between group as a proxy genetic variable ( @entity1 with @entity914 [high genetic risk], healthy siblings of @entity1 [intermediate risk] and healthy control subjects [average risk]) and @entity121 was conditional on different levels of the childhood urban environment and whether this was sex-dependent. METHODS: T1-weighted MRI scans were acquired from 89 @entity1 with a @entity914 , 95 non-psychotic siblings of @entity1 with @entity914 and 87 healthy control subjects. Freesurfer software was used to measure @entity121 . Developmental urban exposure was classified as low, medium, and high, reflecting the population density and the number of moves between birth and the 15th birthday, using data from the Dutch Central Bureau of Statistics and the equivalent database in Belgium. Multilevel regression analyses were used to examine the association between group, sex, and urban upbringing (as well as their interactions) and cortical @entity121 as the dependent variable. RESULTS: @entity121 was significantly smaller in the @entity1 group compared to the controls (B = -0.043, p <0.001), but not in the siblings compared to the controls (B = -0.013, p = 0.31). There was no main effect of developmental urbanicity on @entity121 (B = 0.001, p = 0.91). Neither the three-way group * urbanicity * sex interaction (  2 = 3.73, p = 0.16), nor the two-way group * urbanicity interaction was significant (  2 = 0.51, p = 0.77). CONCLUSION: The negative association between (familial risk for) @entity914 and @entity121 was not moderated by developmental urbanicity, suggesting that reduced @entity121 is not the outcome of familial sensitivity to the proxy environmental factor 'urban upbringing'.

title: No Evidence of Association between Childhood Urban Environment and Cortical Thinning in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['cortical thickness', 'CT']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorder']

answer: @entity914 :: (MESH:D011618,Disease) :: ['Psychotic Disorder']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of oral @entity1499 ( @entity6822 ) in @entity1 with @entity989 (CSC). METHODS: This is an interventional, prospective uncontrolled clinical trial, which included 23 eyes of 23 consecutive @entity1 presenting with chronic symptomatic CSC and persistent subretinal fluid (SRF) for longer than 3 months. All @entity1 were treated with 7.5   mg/week of oral @entity6822 for 12 weeks. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ), SRF, and total macular volume recorded by monthly optical coherence tomography were analyzed. Complete blood count and serum liver enzymes level were monitored. RESULTS: Mean duration of CSC was 13 months (3-36 months). Mean BCVA improved from 20/40 at baseline to 20/30 at the third month and 20/28 at the sixth month (P=0.002 and 0.003, respectively). Mean @entity1020 decreased from 375    m at baseline to 278    m and 265    m at the third and sixth month (P=0.002 and 0.007, respectively). Mean total macular volume decreased from 9.33   mm(3) at baseline to 8.48 and 8.31   mm(3) at the third and sixth month (P=0.001 and 0.001, respectively). Thirteen (62%) eyes achieved complete resolution of SRF. No @entity6822 -associated @entity137 was detected. CONCLUSION: Low-dose oral @entity6822 may be an alternative therapeutic option for the treatment of chronic CSC. This study paves the way for a randomized clinical trial comparing the effects of @entity6822 treatment with photodynamic therapy or observation.

title: Treatment of XXXX with Oral @entity1499 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['chronic central serous chorioretinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['CMT', 'central macular thickness']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE BACKGROUND: Mycobacterium simiae has been identified as the most prevalent slow growing mycobacteria that has been isolated among Iranian @entity1 . Due to an importance of molecular approaches in the treatment of nontuberculosis mycobacteria, this study aimed to evaluate molecular drug susceptibility testing against the first-line ( @entity1215 and @entity3109 ) and second-line ( @entity2177 - @entity4509 and @entity7913 ) treatment in different subtypes of M. simiae. METHODS: The study involved all @entity1 presenting to our referral @entity378 center from March 2014 to August 2016, with confirmation of M. Simiae. For all sputum samples, after digestion and decontamination, followed by DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was performed using the @entity11217 gene. Furthermore, susceptibility to @entity1215 , @entity3109 , @entity2177 , @entity4509 , and @entity7913 were evaluated using rpoB, @entity11225 , katG, gyrA, and rrs genes, respectively. RESULTS: In total, 60 cases (58.33% @entity1 and 41.66% @entity1 ) of M. simiae @entity281 were identified and all were confirmed as subtype I. All the @entity1 were resistant to the first line- @entity378 drugs, while 88.33% and 91.66% of cases were susceptible to @entity2177 and both @entity4509 and @entity7913 , respectively. CONCLUSION: Regarding the given result, first-line @entity378 drugs should be excluded from the treatment regimen of M. simiae @entity1 . In addition, subtype I seems to be the most or even the only isolated M. simiae subtype among all Iranian @entity1 . While both @entity4509 and @entity7913 drugs showed better efficacy in the treatment M. simiae, the most susceptible antibiotic is still indeterminate.

title: Molecular drug susceptibility testing against the first-line ( @entity1215 and XXXX ) and second-line ( @entity2177 - @entity4509 and @entity7913 ) treatment in different subtypes of Mycobacterium simiae.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7913 :: ('MESH:D007612', 'Chemical') :: ['kanamycin']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity3109 :: ('MESH:D007538', 'Chemical') :: ['isoniazid']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampin']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity3109 :: (MESH:D007538,Chemical) :: ['isoniazid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity86 after cardiopulmonary bypass is a common problem, especially in @entity1 suffering from @entity299 . The efficacy of @entity929 ( @entity930 ) as a prophylactic treatment for @entity86 after pediatric open-heart surgery has not been determined. This meta-analysis investigates the efficacy of @entity930 in the minimization of bleeding and blood transfusion and the maintenance of coagulation tests after pediatric open-heart surgery. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was performed to identify all randomized clinical trials on the subject. PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and the Chinese Medical Journal Network were screened. The primary outcome used for the analysis was @entity86 . Secondary outcomes included postoperative blood transfusion, re-exploration rate and @entity86 tests. The mean difference (MD) and risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used as summary statistics. RESULTS: Five trials were included in this meta-analysis of 515 @entity1 . Prophylactic @entity930 was associated with a @entity86 , but this difference did not reach statistical significance (MD: -7.08; 95% CI: -16.11 to 1.95; P = 0.12). @entity1 treated with @entity930 received fewer postoperative blood transfusions, including packed red blood cells (MD: -8.36; 95% CI: -12.63 to -4.09; P = 0.0001), fresh frozen plasma (MD: -3.85; 95% CI: -5.63 to -2.08; P < 0.0001), and platelet concentrate (MD: -10.66; 95% CI: -18.45 to -2.87; P = 0.007), and had a lower re-exploration rate (RR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.23 to 0.92; P = 0.03). Prophylactic @entity930 also improved coagulation tests 6 hours after open-heart surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic @entity930 minimizes postoperative blood transfusion and helps @entity3459 in pediatric @entity1 undergoing open-heart surgery. Therefore, the results of this study indicate that adjunctive @entity930 is a good choice for the prevention of postoperative blood transfusion following pediatric cardiac surgery.

title: XXXX reduces blood transfusion and improves the coagulation test after pediatric open-heart surgery: a meta-analysis of 5 clinical trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['maintain coagulation']

entities_list: @entity929 :: ('MESH:D015119', 'Chemical') :: ['epsilon aminocaproic acid']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Excessive postoperative blood loss', 'postoperative bleeding', 'postoperative coagulation', 'reduction in postoperative blood loss', 'postoperative blood loss']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart diseases']

answer: @entity929 :: (MESH:D015119,Chemical) :: ['Epsilon aminocaproic acid']


abstract: Left ventricular (LV) regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA) are not easily quantified. We describe a model for quantifying RWMA by referencing regional amplitude and phase angle changes to global LV systole in eight anesthetized, open-chest @entity235 . Regional and total LV volumes (conductance catheter), regional shortening (epicardial piezoelectric crystals), and LV pressure were measured before, during, and after transient @entity7368 -induced apical RWMA. Regional phase angle (alpha) was defined as the relative distance, measured in degrees, that regional minimal volume differs from global end-systole. We compared maximal @entity64 volume (SV) with effective SV (that portion of regional SV contributing to total LV SV). Regional effective SV was also calculated from our model as the product of cosine alpha and regional maximal SV. @entity7368 delayed apical end-systolic alpha (14.3 degrees +/- 11.4 degrees versus 35.7 degrees +/- 8.0 degrees baseline versus @entity7368 , P < 0.05) and decreased apical effective SV (2.4 +/- 0.3 versus 1.7 +/- 0.3 mL, P < 0.05), while apical maximal SV and total LV SV were not altered. Piezoelectric crystal dimension changes mirrored regional SV changes. We conclude that effective SV and phase angle analysis are more sensitive measures of regional @entity296 when RWMA exist than are measures of maximal regional SV. IMPLICATIONS: In a @entity235 model of regional @entity296 induced by @entity7368 , effective regional @entity64 volume and phase angle analyses are more sensitive measures of regional @entity296 than measures of maximal regional @entity64 volume that do not account for phase shifts.

title: Modeling of asynchronous XXXX by effective @entity64 volume analysis.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial dyskinesis', 'myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity7368 :: ('MESH:C036604', 'Chemical') :: ['Esmolol', 'esmolol']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial contraction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Bacteria cope with and adapt to stress by modulating gene expression in response to specific environmental cues. In this study the transcriptional response of @entity26731 to osmotic, oxidative, and @entity2892 stress conditions at two time points was investigated via identification of differentially expressed mRNAs and sRNAs. A total of 440 small RNA transcripts were detected, where 10% correspond to previously annotated sRNAs, 40% to novel intergenic transcripts and 50% to novel transcripts antisense to annotated genes. Each stress elicits a unique response as far as the extent and dynamics of the transcriptional changes. Nearly 200 protein-encoding genes exhibited significant changes in all stress types, implicating their participation in a general stress response. Almost half of the sRNA transcripts were differentially expressed in at least one condition, suggesting possible functional roles in the cellular response to stress conditions. The data show a higher fraction of differentially expressed sRNAs with greater than 5-fold expression changes compared with mRNAs. The work provides detailed insights into the mechanisms through which @entity15250 responds to different stress conditions and increases understanding of bacterial adaptation in natural and industrial settings. IMPORTANCE: This study maps the complete transcriptional response of @entity26731 to osmotic, oxidative and @entity2892 stress conditions at short and long exposure times. Over 400 small RNA transcripts are detected, consisting of both intergenic and antisense transcripts, increasing the number of identified sRNA transcripts in the strain by a factor of ten. Unique responses to each type of stress are documented including both the extent and dynamics of the gene expression changes. The work adds rich detail to previous knowledge of stress response mechanisms due to the depth of the RNA sequencing data. Almost half of the sRNAs exhibit significant expression changes in at least one condition, suggesting their involvement in adaptation to stress conditions and identifying interesting candidates for further functional characterization.

title: Global transcriptional responses to osmotic, oxidative, and XXXX stress conditions in @entity15250 .

entities_list: @entity26731 :: ('160488', 'Species') :: ['P. putida KT2440', 'Pseudomonas putida KT2440']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

answer: @entity2892 :: (MESH:D015378,Chemical) :: ['imipenem']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Drug-resistant @entity302 @entity1 account for 40 % of cases of @entity302 . Consequently, specific therapeutic options could be surgical resection or, if not indicated, deep brain stimulation (DBS). The aim of this study is to review data from @entity1 affected by drug-resistant complex partial @entity302 with or without generalization treated by @entity9479 ( @entity9479 ) DBS to evaluate the efficacy and potential future applications of this approach as a standard method for palliative @entity410 control. METHODS: Six @entity1 affected by drug-resistant @entity410 underwent @entity9479 DBS from March 2007 to February 2011. The preoperative tests consisted of electroencephalography (EEG), video EEG, morphologic and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), non-acute positron emission tomography (PET), neuropsychological evaluation, Liverpool @entity410 scale, and Quality Of Life In @entity302 (QOLIE). These tests and a @entity410 diary were also administered during a follow-up of at least 3 years. RESULTS: The improvement in terms of decrease of @entity410 was more than 50 % in @entity1 affected by @entity410 strictly related to limbic system origin. The amelioration was unsatisfactory for @entity1 having anatomical lesions outside the limbic structures with evidence of late diffusion in limbic areas. One @entity1 died 40 days after surgery for reasons not concerned with DBS. CONCLUSIONS: Although the limited number of enrolled @entity1 limits the reliability of data, the results are in accordance with those found in the recent literature and deserve to be considered for further studies regarding real efficacy, indications, stimulation parameters, side effects, and complications.

title: Anterior thalamic nucleus deep brain Stimulation (DBS) for drug-resistant @entity410 ( XXXX ) with or without generalization: long-term evaluation and predictive outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9479 :: ('MESH:D013786', 'Disease') :: ['AN', 'anterior thalamic nucleus']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'complex partial seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['CPS']


abstract: CONTEXT: The epidural space is a well-known, albeit uncommon, location for @entity1669 , estimated to occur in less than 3% of all @entity706 . Initial presentation of the @entity1 with disease in this site (i.e. primary @entity706 ) has been considered to be "rare". When it has been reported, many studies have emphasized the occurrence of @entity146 with a poor prognosis. DESIGN: A 10-year retrospective search of our files generated 7 @entity1 who presented @entity615 , @entity322 and/or lower extremity @entity425 , and by neuroimaging studies were found to have masses causing @entity1745 syndromes necessitating neurosurgical intervention. RESULTS: The 7 @entity1 included 4 males and 3 females with @entity1514 . Tumor types included high-grade @entity1893 , B cell type (n = 4), indolent @entity1892 (n = 1), nodular sclerosing @entity978 (n = 1) and @entity6872 (n = 1). @entity1442 (stage 4) was subsequently identified in all 7 @entity1 . Despite this, survival varied greatly with therapy, from 3 weeks to almost 6 years, underscoring the need for correct classification of the @entity706 in order to optimize chemotherapeutic choices. The epidural space was the site of presentation of disease in 4% of all @entity706 diagnosed at our institution. CONCLUSIONS: Combining all reports in the literature, epidural presentation of @entity706 is not rare. @entity706 are distinct from both primary @entity149 and from primary @entity706 . A broad range of systemic @entity5 types can present as epidural masses. A full work-up for @entity706 classification may only be possible from the tissues received at the time of the neurosurgical decompression or biopsy procedure.

title: Hematological neoplasms with first presentation as XXXX syndromes: a 10-year retrospective series and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'spinal epidural lymphoma', 'lymphomas', 'dural lymphomas', 'Epidural lymphomas', 'systemic lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomatous involvement']

entities_list: @entity6872 :: ('MESH:D010954', 'Disease') :: ['plasmacytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['hematological tumor']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic and lumbar epidural masses']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['initially with back pain']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['Advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity1745 :: (MESH:D013117,Disease) :: ['spinal cord compression']


abstract: Whole-cell voltage recordings were obtained from 64 synaptically coupled excitatory layer 4 (L4) spiny neurones and L2/3 pyramidal cells in acute slices of the somatosensory cortex ('barrel' cortex) of 17- to 23-days-old @entity35 . Single action potentials (APs) in the L4 spiny neurone evoked single unitary EPSPs in the L2/3 pyramidal cell with a peak amplitude of 0.7 +/- 0.6 mV. The average latency was 2.1 +/- 0.6 ms, the rise time was 0.8 +/- 0.3 ms and the decay time constant was 12.7 +/- 3.5 ms. The percentage of failures of an AP in a L4 spiny neurone to evoke a unitary EPSP in the L2/3 pyramidal cell was 4.9 +/- 8.8 % and the coefficient of variation (c.v.) of the unitary EPSP amplitude was 0.27 +/- 0.13. Both c.v. and percentage of failures decreased with increased average EPSP amplitude. Postsynaptic @entity2227 receptors (GluRs) in L2/3 pyramidal cells were of the @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptor (NMDAR) and the non-NMDAR type. At -60 mV in the presence of extracellular @entity1025 (1 mM), 29 +/- 15 % of the EPSP voltage-time integral was blocked by NMDAR antagonists. In 0 Mg2+, the NMDAR/AMPAR ratio of the EPSC was 0.50 +/- 0.29, about half the value obtained for L4 spiny neurone connections. Burst stimulation of L4 spiny neurones showed that EPSPs in L2/3 pyramidal cells depressed over a wide range of frequencies (1-100 s(-1) ). However, at higher frequencies (30 s(-1)) EPSP summation overcame @entity308 so that the summed EPSP was larger than the first EPSP amplitude in the train. The number of putative synaptic contacts established by the axonal collaterals of the L4 projection neurone with the target neurone in layer 2/3 varied between 4 and 5, with an average of 4.5 +/- 0.5 (n = 13 pairs). Synapses were established on basal dendrites of the pyramidal cell. Their mean geometric distance from the pyramidal cell soma was 67 +/- 34 microm (range, 16-196 microm). The results suggest that each connected L4 spiny neurone produces a weak but reliable EPSP in the pyramidal cell. Therefore transmission of signals to layer 2/3 is likely to have a high threshold requiring simultaneous activation of many L4 neurons, implying that L4 spiny neurone to L2/3 pyramidal cell synapses act as a gate for the lateral spread of excitation in layer 2/3.

title: Synaptic connections between layer 4 spiny neurone-layer 2/3 pyramidal cell pairs in juvenile XXXX barrel cortex: physiology and anatomy of interlaminar signalling within a cortical column.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['synaptic depression']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests a nutritional transition process in @entity1 with @entity29 . Obesity, which was once an uncommon occurrence in such @entity1 , has grown in this population at the same prevalence rate as that found in the general population, bringing with it an increased risk of @entity65 . Objective The aim of the present study was to determine the nutritional status and occurrence of cardiovascular risk factors in @entity1 with @entity29 . METHODS: A case-series cross-sectional study was conducted involving male and female adult outpatients with @entity29 . Data were collected on demographic, socioeconomic, clinical and anthropometric variables as well as the following cardiovascular risk factors: sedentary lifestyle, excess weight, @entity1144 , medications in use, comorbidities, @entity285 intake and smoking habits. The significance level for all statistical tests was set to 5% (P< 0.05). RESULTS: The sample comprised 80 @entity1 with @entity29 , 56 of whom (70.0%) had @entity31 and 24 of whom (30.0%) had @entity30 . Mean age was 40.3  11 years and the female genre accounted for 66.2% of the sample. High frequencies of excess weight (48.8%) and @entity1144 (52.5%) were identified based on the body mass index and waist circumference, respectively, in both groups, especially among those with @entity31 . Muscle depletion was found in 52.5% of the sample based on arm muscle circumference, with greater depletion among @entity1 with @entity30 (P=0.008). The most frequent risk factors for @entity65 were a sedentary lifestyle (83.8%), @entity1144 (52.5%) and excess weight (48.8%). CONCLUSION: The results of the complete anthropometric evaluation draw one's attention to a nutritional paradox, with high frequencies of both - muscle depletion, as well as excess weight and @entity1144 .

title: Excessive weight--muscle depletion paradox and cardiovascular risk factors in outpatients with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the role of echocardiography in the stepwise evaluation of @entity1163 . DESIGN: A prospective observational study with an 18 month follow up. SETTING: University teaching hospital providing primary and tertiary care. SUBJECTS: 650 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1163 and clinical suspicion of an @entity75 , or with @entity1163 not explained by history, physical examination, or a 12 lead ECG, who underwent bidimensional Doppler transthoracic echocardiography. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The causes of @entity1163 were assigned using published diagnostic criteria. Echocardiography was considered diagnostic when confirming a suspected diagnosis, or when revealing occult @entity299 explaining the @entity1163 . RESULTS: A systolic murmur was identified in 61 of the 650 @entity1 (9%). @entity472 was suspected in 20 of these and was confirmed by echocardiography in eight. Follow up excluded further cases of @entity472 . In @entity1 with unexplained @entity1163 (n = 155), routine echocardiography showed no abnormalities that established the cause of the @entity1163 . Echocardiography was normal or non-relevant in all @entity1 with a negative cardiac history and a normal ECG (n = 67). In @entity1 with a positive cardiac history or an abnormal ECG (n = 88), echocardiography showed @entity299 (left ventricular ejection fraction < or = 40%) in 24 (27%) and minor non-relevant findings in the remaining 64. @entity943 were diagnosed in 12 of the 24 @entity1 with @entity299 (50%), and in 12 of the 64 remaining @entity1 (19%) (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Echocardiography was most useful for assessing the severity of the underlying @entity299 and for risk stratification in @entity1 with unexplained @entity1163 but with a positive cardiac history or an abnormal ECG.

title: Role of echocardiography in the evaluation of XXXX : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive valvar lesion']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease', 'systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['Severe aortic stenosis', 'aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['Arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1163 :: (MESH:D013575,Disease) :: ['syncope']


abstract: Pregnancy is a @entity49 state affecting both the coagulation and the fibrinolytic systems. Any exacerbation of the pre-disposing factors for coagulation may well lead to a @entity715 event more often in pregnant @entity1 than in the general population. Arterial @entity715 is very rare in pregnancy. @entity1468 may be a risk factor for the development of @entity455 in later life. @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) in pregnancy, although still rare, is a major cause of maternal mortality. Risk factors, such as older age, increased weight and emergency Caesarean section, as well as acquired and genetic @entity49 , often coexist and reinforce each other. Appropriate thromboprophylaxis needs to be considered and applied on an individual basis. Uteroplacental @entity715 provides a common pathophysiological link between various poor pregnancy outcomes, including recurrent @entity2208 , stillbirth, @entity5869 , fetal growth restriction and @entity1468 . Its significance depends on the gestational age. Acquired and genetic @entity49 may be associated with such conditions, particularly in early-onset disease. More data are required to assess the significance of such @entity49 in obstetric practice. Any treatment should be in the context of clinical trials.

title: Risk factors for XXXX in pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['miscarriage']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulable', 'thrombophilias', 'thrombophilia']

entities_list: @entity5869 :: ('MESH:D000037', 'Disease') :: ['placental abruption']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia', 'Pre-eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous thromboembolism', 'VTE']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: We still have much to learn about BMD problems in @entity1277 . Much progress has been made in the past 10 years; most clinicians and many @entity1 and their families are now aware of the problem. More research is crucial, however, the authors suggest focusing on three areas: 1. Treatment and prevention: Such studies are difficult to conduct for similar reasons to the difficulties in conducting treatment trials of therapy for @entity1278 . First, the relative rarity of the condition makes it difficult to recruit subjects; second, drop-out rates are higher because of ambivalence; and third, the population is heterogeneous both in terms of symptoms and cause. 2. Better understanding of bone turnover in @entity1278 . More studies are needed to examine turnover of bone in @entity1 with @entity1278 using biochemical markers. In particular, prospective studies are needed to examine the effects of refeeding, @entity1017 , and treatments such as @entity460 supplementation. 3. Long-term course of bone density. It would be particularly instructive to examine this in individuals with a short or long history of @entity1278 . It would also be useful to study @entity1 approaching menopause who had an episode of @entity1278 in their teens or early twenties compared with @entity1 who were of normal weight during this period.

title: Osteoporosis in young XXXX . Research and treatment in @entity1277 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Peanut and tree @entity9428 @entity566 are common, increasing in prevalence and the commonest food cause of @entity2021 . In the USA, 7.8% are sensitized (have @entity9428 -specific IgE), but not all those sensitized are @entity56 . Lack of data makes interpretation of tests for @entity9428 -specific IgE difficult. OBJECTIVES: This is the first study to investigate the clinical significance of test results for peanut and tree @entity9428 @entity566 in @entity56 or tolerant @entity1 . Findings are related to the severity of the @entity566 . METHOD: An observational study of 1000 @entity1 and adults @entity56 to at least one @entity9428 . History of reactions (severity graded) or tolerance to up to five nuts was obtained and skin prick test (SPT)/serum-specific IgE ( @entity9527 ) performed. RESULTS: There was no correlation between SPT size and graded severity of worst reaction for all nuts combined or for peanut, hazelnut, almond and walnut. For @entity9527 , there was no correlation for all nuts. Where @entity1 tolerated a @entity9428 , 43% had positive SPT of 3-7 mm and 3% > or = 8 mm. For @entity9527 , 35% were positive (0.35-14.99 kU/L) and 5% > or = 15 kU/L. In SPT range 3-7 mm, 54% were @entity56 and 46% were tolerant. There was poor concordance between SPT and @entity9527 (66%). Of @entity1 with a clear @entity9428 - @entity56 history, only 0.5% had negative SPT, but 22% negative @entity9527 . CONCLUSIONS: Magnitude of SPT or @entity9527 does not predict clinical severity, with no difference between minor @entity110 and @entity2021 . SPT is more reliable than @entity9527 in confirming @entity566 . Forty-six per cent of those tolerant to a @entity9428 have positive tests > or = 3 mm (sensitized but not @entity56 ). One cannot predict clinical reactivity from results in a wide 'grey area' of SPT 3-7 mm; 22% of negative CAPs are falsely reassuring and 40% of positive CAPs are misleading. This emphasizes the importance of the history. Understanding this is essential for accurate diagnosis. @entity1 with SPT > or = 8 mm and @entity9527 > or = 15 kU/L were rarely tolerant so these levels are almost always (in > or = 95%) diagnostic.

title: Interpretation of tests for @entity9428 @entity566 in one thousand @entity1 , in relation to XXXX or tolerance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']