abstract: PURPOSE: Early Intervention @entity716 [EIP] services have gained traction internationally, but are currently undergoing various forms of reconfiguration. In England, such services are now mandated to ensure 50% of accepted referrals commence care within 14 days, but no empirical evidence exists. We sought to estimate waiting times to EIP services in a large, representative epidemiological cohort in England, and investigate possible reasons for any variation. METHODS: We estimated median waiting time from referral to acceptance by EIP services and investigated whether this varied by clinical, demographic or neighbourhood-level factors, amongst 798 @entity1 , 16-35 years old, presenting to six EIP services over 3.5 years in a defined catchment area serving 2.5  million @entity1 . We used parametric survival analysis to inspect variation in waiting times (in days). RESULTS: Median waiting time was 15 days (interquartile range 7-30), although this varied across services (p   <   0.01). Waiting times increased over the case ascertainment period by an average of 4.3 days (95% CI 1.3, 6.2; p   <   0.01). Longer waiting times were associated with greater diagnostic uncertainty, indexed by an organic presentation (+   9.1 days; 95% CI 1.9, 16.6; p   <   0.01), @entity734 (+   2.6; 0.6, 3.9; p   <   0.01), absence of @entity914 (+1.8; -0.1, 3.0; p   =   0.05) and insidious onset (+1.8; -0.1, 3.0; p   =   0.06). Waiting times did not vary by most demographic or neighbourhood-level characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: EIP services operate close to new waiting time standards in England, with little systematic variation by sociodemographic position. However, waiting times increased over the study period, coinciding with substantial service reorganisation. Longer waiting times associated with greater diagnostic uncertainty highlight opportunities to reduce delays in certain clinical groups at initial referral.

title: Waiting time variation in Early Intervention XXXX services: longitudinal evidence from the SEPEA naturalistic cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['polysubstance abuse']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['Psychosis']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorder']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['Psychosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to describe utilization and impact of sonographic growth assessment in pregnancies with low @entity15714 . METHODS: Singleton pregnancies with @entity15714    5th%ile and no other risk factors for fetal growth restriction from January, 2011- June, 2013 were included. Antepartum and delivery data were obtained by reviewing medical records. Outcomes of pregnancies referred for sonographic growth assessment were compared with those not referred for ultrasound. Fisher's exact test, chi-square analysis, and Mann-Whitney U were used for statistical comparison. RESULTS: 295 @entity1 were included. Of 285 pregnancies reaching the third trimester, 77.5% were referred for ultrasound, with the initial scan at a median gestational age of 28   weeks [26-29]. Referral for growth scans was associated with earlier gestational age at delivery, and higher rates of delivery for fetal indications. Those who did not undergo growth scans were more likely to deliver an SGA @entity1 at term, 20.7% vs. 35.0% (p   =   .04). There was one third-trimester fetal demise, occurring in a @entity1 who had been undergoing growth scans. CONCLUSION: Growth scans in those with low @entity15714 were associated with delivery at earlier gestational age, with higher rates of delivery for fetal indications and lower rates of SGA newborns at term. No significant differences in neonatal outcomes were observed.

title: Low XXXX : the impact of ultrasound to evaluate fetal growth.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infant', 'patient', 'patients']

answer: @entity15714 :: (5069,Gene) :: ['PAPP-A']


abstract: @entity2383 are a group of diseases that can affect virtually all organ systems. A 19 year old @entity1 was seen in 1993 with @entity16 consisting of impaired function of muscles, @entity892 , progressive @entity1018 , impaired phonation and swallowing, during the last 10 years. Physical examination disclosed moderate wasting of the four limb muscles, mild @entity425 muscles, symmetrical @entity427 , @entity76 , severe external ophtalmoplegia and @entity1736 . Fundii oculi examination showed @entity6391 . The electromyogram demonstrated myopathic changes with normal nerve conduction velocities. The cerebrospinal fluid was normal, except for a mild increase in @entity880 . Histochemical study of a muscle biopsy specimen demonstrated ragged red fibers and increase of the subsarcolemal oxidative activity of mitochondriae. The diagnosis of @entity12295 was confirmed and he was discharged advising physical therapy. On February 1995, he was again admitted, this time with right @entity712 and worsening of all his previous symptoms and signs. He complained of @entity925 and his @entity425 was more striking on clinical examination. Echocardiography showed @entity384 and @entity4346 with preserved systolic function. A new muscle biopsy revealed an heteroplasmic deletion of 5 Kb with 80% of mutant mitochondrial DNA. In brief, we report a @entity1 with the clinical phenotype of @entity12295 who presented an acute @entity712 due to @entity296 , an association which has seldom been, reported in the literature.

title: [Severe XXXX in @entity12295 ].

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['loss of vision']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure', 'congestive cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['biventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity12295 :: ('MESH:D007625', 'Disease') :: ['Kearns-Sayre disease', 'Kearns-Sayre syndrome']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['motor weakness of neck', 'muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['myalgias']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['hyporeflexia']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['Mitochondrial disorders']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['cardiac failure']


abstract: PURPOSE: Some studies of leisure time physical activity find a cardiovascular benefit for moderate activity, whereas others find benefit only for regular vigorous activity. We examined the relation between physical activity and 3-year progression of @entity2998 . METHODS: Baseline examinations were conducted during 1995 to 1996 with two follow-up examinations at 1.5-year intervals. Intima-media thickness of the common carotid arteries was determined by B-mode ultrasound in a cohort of 500 randomly sampled @entity1 and @entity1 , aged 40 to 60 years, who were asymptomatic for @entity65 . Sedentary leisure activity was defined as the lowest quartile of a general activity measure, whereas vigorous activity was defined as aerobic activity > or = 3.5 times per week. The remainder defined the moderate activity group. Analyses were adjusted for confounding variables. RESULTS: The mean (+/- SE) age- and sex-adjusted rates of progression of intima-media thickness declined from 14.3 +/- 1.7 microns per year in sedentary subjects, to 10.2 +/- 1.0 microns per year in moderately active subjects, to 5.5 +/- 1.5 microns per year in vigorously active subjects (P for trend <0.0001), and remained statistically significant after adjustment for other confounding factors (P for trend = 0.0004). Compared with the moderate activity group, the vigorous activity group had lower body mass index and resting heart rate and increased high-density lipoprotein @entity165 level, whereas the sedentary group had an increased resting heart rate. Workplace activity was not protective. CONCLUSION: Physical activity during leisure is inversely related to the progression of @entity731 in the carotid artery. This benefit appears to increase throughout the activity continuum.

title: Leisure time physical activity and early @entity731 : the Los Angeles XXXX Study.

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: AIMS: The primary aims of the Korean @entity0 (KOHBRA) study are to estimate the prevalence of @entity6069 mutations and @entity43 among a high-risk group of @entity1 with @entity0 and their families. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The KOHBRA study is a prospective multicentre cohort identifying cases and their families. Between May 2007 and May 2010, the KOHBRA study enrolled up to 2000 subjects. All @entity1 received genetic counselling and @entity5345 genetic testing; the clinical information and blood samples for blood banking were collected. An interim analysis of the prevalence of @entity6069 mutations and @entity43 in Korean subjects was determined from the initial 975 @entity1 who presented to 33 centres. RESULTS: By April 2009, a total of 167 mutation carriers among 853 probands were identified. The prevalence of the @entity5345 mutation was as follows: 24.8% (106/428) for @entity0 @entity1 with a family history of @entity5344 ; 11.3% (24/212) for @entity1 with early-onset (<35 years) @entity0 without a family history; 22.1% (15/68) for @entity1 with @entity0 ; @entity2675 in 8.3% (1/12); and 33.4% (1/3) for @entity1 with @entity5344 . CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that the prevalence of @entity5345 mutations in Korean subjects is similar to the prevalence reported among Western cohorts. However, weak family history and non-familial early-onset of @entity0 were significant factors associated with carrying the @entity5345 mutation in Korean @entity0 @entity1 . Completion of the KOHBRA study is needed to confirm these findings.

title: The Korean XXXX (KOHBRA) study: protocols and interim report.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'bilateral breast cancer', 'hereditary breast cancer', 'Hereditary Breast Cancer']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast and ovarian cancer', 'breast/ovarian cancers']

entities_list: @entity2675 :: ('MESH:D018567', 'Disease') :: ['male breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Hereditary Breast Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a noninvasive technique for monitoring tissue oxygenation and perfusion. The aim of this study was to evaluate cerebral and splanchnic NIRS changes in CDH operated @entity1 enrolled into the VICI trial and therefore randomized for ventilatory modalities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CDH newborns enrolled into the VICI trial (Netherlands Trial Register, NTR 1310) were randomized at birth for @entity2198 ( @entity2198 ) or conventional mechanical ventilation ( @entity2834 ) according to the trial. Cerebral oxygenation (rSO2C) and splanchnic oxygenation (rSO2S) were obtained by NIRS (INVOS 5100; Somanetics, @entity14158 , MI) before and after surgery. Variations in rSO2C and rSO2S were evaluated. Mann-Whitney test and one-way ANOVA were used as appropriate. p<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Thirteen VICI trial @entity1 underwent surgical repair between March 2011 and December 2012, and were enrolled in the study. Seven @entity1 were assigned to @entity2198 and six to @entity2834 group respectively. During surgery, a significant reduction in rSO2C (p=0.0001) and rSO2S (p=0.005) were observed. @entity2198 @entity1 experienced prolonged reduction in rSO2C value (p=0.003) while rSO2S did not vary between @entity2198 and @entity2834 (p=0.94). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical CDH repair was associated with decrease of cerebral and splanchnic oxygenation, regardless of ventilation. @entity1 ventilated by @entity2198 need a longer time interval to recovery normal rSO2C values, than those ventilated by @entity2834 . This may be owing to a different impact of @entity2198 on @entity1 ' hemodynamic status with a higher @entity73 and its negative consequences on cardiac output.

title: Effects of ventilation modalities on near-infrared spectroscopy in surgically corrected CDH XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2198 :: ('MESH:D006316', 'Disease') :: ['HFOV', 'high-frequency oscillatory ventilation']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment on total venous return']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the sensitivity and specificity of visual inspection using @entity1543 as a primary screen for @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ). METHODS: Visual inspection was done on 1997 @entity1 aged 35-45 years in a screening trial in rural China. Each @entity1 had colposcopy and at least five cervical biopsies (directed biopsy of lesions, one biopsy at 2, 4, 8, or 10 o'clock at the squamocolumnar junction in each normal quadrant, and an endocervical curettage). RESULTS: Forty-three @entity1 had biopsy-proven @entity3146 , 31 had @entity3146 , and 12 had @entity3 . In two @entity1 only the endocervix was positive (one with @entity3146 and one with @entity3146 ). Visual inspection yielded normal results in 1445 @entity1 (72%), low-grade intraepithelial @entity5 in 525 (26%), high-grade in 21 (1%), and @entity5 in six (0.3%). With abnormal visual inspection defined as low-grade intraepithelial @entity5 or worse, the sensitivity for detecting biopsy proven @entity3146 or worse was 71% (61 of 86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 60%, 80%); the specificity was 74% (1420 of 1911, 95% CI 72%, 76%); the sensitivity was 65% for smaller lesions (37 of 57, 95% CI 51%, 77%), and 89% for larger lesions (24 of 27, 95% CI 71%, 98%) (P =.03). CONCLUSION: The sensitivity of visual inspection equaled or exceeded reported rates for conventional cervical cytology. Visual inspection and colposcopy have similar specificity profiles for @entity3146 and greater. The benefit of an inexpensive point-of-care diagnosis and treatment algorithm will be a powerful incentive to pursue @entity5 screening in developing countries.

title: @entity5 screening by simple visual inspection after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['visual inspection for cervical cancer', 'cancer', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cancer']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN II', 'CIN III', 'CIN']

answer: @entity1543 :: (MESH:D019342,Chemical) :: ['acetic acid']


abstract: Acute @entity344 and @entity6766 are problems of great importance in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). They involve individual and epidemic morbidity, with impairment of health of individual soldiers and in the activities of units. Outbreaks of @entity344 must be reported to the IDF army health branch, which conducts epidemiological investigation. This study is based on data from yearly epidemiological reports for 1978-1989, and from a computerized database for the years 1990-1995. The incidence of outbreaks is characterized by an unstable trend. It was highest at the end of the 80's (68.3 per 100,000 soldiers on active duty) and lowest for the last 2 years (1994-1995, 36.3 per 100,000). The incidence of soldiers involved in food-borne outbreaks has been more stable, constantly declining during the course of the years. There was marked seasonality with a peak in the summer months. Sporadic morbidity was constant in 1990-1995, with a yearly attack rate of 60% in soldiers on active duty. Shigella strains were the leading cause of outbreaks until 1993, while in 1994-1995 their proportion decreased, with an increase in the proportion of Salmonella strains. As to @entity794 , its role in causing @entity6766 has been characterized by marked changes. @entity14344 replaced @entity14341 as the leading strain. 73.3% of outbreaks were small, with fewer than 40 soldiers involved, while 5.4% of outbreaks affected more than 100 soldiers. Outbreaks in which a bacterial agent was identified or which occurred in new-recruit bases were larger than those in which a bacterial agent was not identified, or which occurred in active field unit bases. In conclusion, the rates of infectious disease of the gastrointestinal tract are still high, although there has been a marked decrease since 1994. The incidence of outbreaks has also decreased, as well as the role of Shigella as a leading causative agent.

title: [Epidemiological characteristics of outbreaks of diarrhea and XXXX in the Israel Defense Forces in the years 1978-1995].

entities_list: @entity6766 :: ('MESH:D005517', 'Disease') :: ['food poisoning']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal infectious diseases', 'infectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract']

entities_list: @entity14341 :: ('623', 'Species') :: ['Shigella flexneri']

entities_list: @entity14344 :: ('624', 'Species') :: ['Shigella sonnei']

answer: @entity6766 :: (MESH:D005517,Disease) :: ['food poisoning']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity33 induced by anti-neoplastic drugs is an important, dose-limiting and costly side-effect of @entity5 therapy. AIM: To evaluate the effect of the topical application of @entity12557 ( @entity12558 ), a @entity842 donor, on @entity1487 ( @entity1487 )-induced @entity3136 in hamsters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity3136 was induced in male hamsters by two intraperitoneal administrations of @entity1487 on the first and second days of the experiment (60 and 40 mg/kg, respectively) followed by mechanical @entity130 on the fourth day. Animals received saline, HPMC or HPMC/ @entity12558 (0.1, 0.5 or 2.0 mM) 1 h prior to the @entity1487 injection and twice a day for 10 or 14 days. Samples of cheek pouches were harvested for: histopathological analysis, @entity310 and @entity1356 levels, immunohistochemical staining for @entity3623 , @entity310 , @entity1356 , Ki67 and @entity2533 RII and a TUNEL assay. The presence and levels of 39 bacterial taxa were analyzed using the Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method. The profiles of NO released from the HPMC/ @entity12558 formulations were characterized using chemiluminescence. RESULTS: The HPMC/ @entity12558 formulations were found to provide sustained release of NO for more than 4 h at concentration-dependent rates of 14 to 80 nmol/mL/h. Treatment with HPMC/ @entity12558 (0.5 mM) significantly reduced @entity16 , inflammatory alterations and cell death associated with @entity1487 -induced @entity3136 on day 14 but not on day 10. HPMC/ @entity12558 administration also reversed the inhibitory effect of @entity1487 on cell proliferation on day 14. In addition, we observed that the chemotherapy significantly increased the levels and/or prevalence of several bacterial species. CONCLUSION: Topical HPMC/ @entity12558 accelerates mucosal recovery, reduces inflammatory parameters, speeds up re-epithelization and decreases levels of @entity9645 .

title: XXXX accelerates recovery from @entity1487 -induced @entity3136 .

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucositis', 'Oral mucositis']

entities_list: @entity12557 :: ('MESH:D026422', 'Chemical') :: ['S-nitrosoglutathione']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['Mucositis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal damage']

entities_list: @entity9645 :: ('MESH:D019226', 'Disease') :: ['periodontopathic species in mucosal ulcers']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity12557 :: (MESH:D026422,Chemical) :: ['S-nitrosoglutathione']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the efficacy of traditional administration, continuous pump injection, and closed-loop target controlled infusion of @entity2897 to determine the optimal method of drug administration, and to establish the individualized and rational administration of muscle relaxants in elderly @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 150 @entity1 who underwent spinal surgery under tracheal intubation general anesthesia in our hospital from August 2013 to April 2015 were selected. All @entity1 were administered with general anesthesia and randomly divided into three groups: group A (n = 50) was treated under closed-loop target controlled infusion (CLTCI), group B (n = 50) was treated under @entity121 monitoring, and group C (n = 50) was treated under continuous pump injection. Hemodynamic changes and blood @entity26 saturation of the three groups were observed, and the @entity121 recovery, dosage, and bleeding of the three groups were compared. RESULTS: MAP and HR of group A were significantly lower than those of group B and group C (p < 0.05). There were no cases of @entity121 in group A, five cases in group C, and 14 cases in group B, and the differences between any two groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Regarding @entity121 recovery, the time (T    1) of recovery from 10%-25% and 25%-75%, and the time from drug withdrawal to recovery to TOFr from 0.7-0.9 of group A were the shortest, followed by group C and group B. The differences between any two groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The total dosage of @entity2897 of group A was the least, followed by group C and group B, and differences between any two groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Moreover, the bleeding volume of group A (235.2    141.3 ml) was smaller than in group B (353.1    173.8 ml) and group C (316.5    155.2 ml), and differences between the three groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: For spinal surgery of elderly @entity1 , closed-loop target controlled infusion of @entity2897 was superior to continuous infusion and intravenous injection. The time of @entity121 recovery was shortened, the dosage of @entity2897 was reduced, and the number of cases of @entity121 was reduced.

title: Comparative study: efficacy of closed-looptarget controlled infusion of @entity2897 and other administration methods for spinal surgery of elderly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2897 :: ('MESH:C101584', 'Chemical') :: ['cisatracurium']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['insufficient muscle relaxation', 'muscle relaxation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The incidence and prognostic role of @entity517 and @entity588 rearrangements in mature @entity1892 have been extensively studied, except the infrequent @entity1073 ( @entity1073 ). Here, we analyzed the @entity517 and @entity588 abnormalities and other cytogenetic aberrations by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in 50 @entity1073 @entity1 with bone marrow involvement. Eighteen @entity1 (36.0%) had @entity517 gains and/or amplifications, and twelve @entity1 (24.0%) had @entity588 gains and/or amplifications. Among the 18 @entity1 with @entity517 abnormality, four had simultaneous @entity517 translocations, but no @entity588 translocation was detected among @entity1 with @entity588 abnormality. Only two @entity1 (4.0%) had both @entity517 and @entity588 abnormalities. The @entity1 with a @entity517 abnormality had a significantly higher @entity5 burden, a higher percentage of medium/high risk MIPI group and genomic instability compared to those without this abnormality. However, no significant difference was observed between @entity1 with or without a @entity588 abnormality in terms of clinical and cytogenetic factors. @entity1 with a @entity517 abnormality had poorer progress-free survival (PFS) (9.0 vs. 48.0 months, p = .000) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) (12.0 vs. 94.5 months, p = .000), but the presence of a @entity588 abnormality did not significantly influence either PFS or @entity1349 . In multivariate analysis, the @entity517 abnormality was the independent adverse factor for both PFS and @entity1349 , and intensive chemotherapy did not improve the outcome of these @entity1 . Thus, the presence of a @entity517 but not @entity588 abnormality predicted the poor survival of @entity1073 @entity1 , and a new treatment strategy should be developed for these @entity1 .

title: High incidence of @entity517 and @entity588 abnormalities in XXXX , although only @entity517 abnormality predicts poor survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['mantle cell lymphoma', 'MCL']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1073 :: (MESH:D020522,Disease) :: ['mantle cell lymphoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objective of the present study was to elucidate the specific clinical features of @entity1504 ( @entity1504 ) encountered in the current otorhinolaryngological practice. The work is based on the results of the retrospective analysis of 106 adult @entity1 presenting with @entity1504 admitted for the treatment to multidisciplinary clinics of Sankt-Peterburg and Krasnoyarsk. Forty six (42.5%) @entity1 presented with @entity697 . 90% of them had suppurative destructive @entity2267 . In sixty (56.6%) @entity1 , @entity102 media (epitympanophonia) was associated with the extensive destructive process spreading toward dura mater of the medial and posterior cranial fossae and onto the sigmoid sinus. The prevalence of @entity1504 among the adult @entity1 suffering from @entity2266 media and treated in the otorhinolaryngological clinics amounted to 3.17%. The overall structure of @entity1504 was as follows: @entity693 42.5%, brain and cerebellum abscess 24.5%, suppurative @entity5422 19.8%, sinus @entity715 5.7%, epidural and @entity3553 4.7%, the combined suppurative @entity75 2.8%. @entity1850 ( @entity295 ) was diagnosed in 33 (31%) @entity1 with @entity1504 . The high intrahospital mortality rate among the @entity1 with this condition (20.8%) is emphasized. The main causes of the fatal outcome in the @entity1 with @entity1504 are supposed to be @entity4 with the concomitant development of @entity751 and @entity295 .

title: [The specific clinical features of XXXX : the current views].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute otitis media']

entities_list: @entity3553 :: ('MESH:D013354', 'Disease') :: ['subdural empyemas']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity5422 :: ('MESH:D008590', 'Disease') :: ['meningoencephalitis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['brain oedema']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic suppurative otitis']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['ICC', 'intracranial complications', 'otogenic ICC', 'otogenic intracranial complications']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['dyslocation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2267 :: ('MESH:D008417', 'Disease') :: ['mastoiditis']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic inflammatory response syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2266 :: ('MESH:D010035', 'Disease') :: ['suppurative otitis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1504 :: (MESH:D002561,Disease) :: ['otogenic intracranial complications']


abstract: A 64-year-old @entity1 visited our hospital complaining of @entity158 . An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed @entity356 at the lower portion of the lesser curvature of the stomach. We performed a distal gastrectomy with D2 dissection. The histopathological diagnosis was well-differentiated @entity420 , mp, ly2, v0, n2(+), No. 11p(1/ 1), Stage III a.We used postoperative chemotherapy with a combination of S-1(80 mg/body)and low-dose @entity900 (10mg/ body   10 days). After 1 course, we continued only S-1(80 mg/body)for 3 weeks followed by a 2-week interval. About 1 year after the operation, the @entity478 value was abnormally high. An abdominal CT scan showed a marked swelling of the paraaortic lymph node. The @entity1 was then treated with the same protocol of S-1 and @entity900 again, but the @entity478 value did not decrease; therefore, a para-aortic lymph node dissection(No. 16a2b1 latero)was performed. Although the @entity478 value had decreased to normal, a few months later it was high again, and so we increased the S-1 dosage from 80 mg/body to 100mg/ body. But 6 months after the first para-aortic lymph node dissection, positron emission tomography(PET)revealed a swelling of paraaortic lymph node below the first recurrence site again. We changed the postoperative chemotherapy from S-1 and @entity900 to S-1(100mg/body)and irinotecan(80 mg/m   day 1, 8). Since the @entity478 value was not decreased, we performed a second para-aortic lymph node dissection(No. 16b1b2 latero)13 months after the first dissection. The @entity1 is presently alive with no signs of recurrence after over 1. 5 years. Para-aortic lymph node dissection combined with postoperative chemotherapy appeared to be effective for para-aortic lymph node @entity3 in this case.

title: [Efficacy of chemotherapy combined with dissection of para-aortic lymph node @entity3 following XXXX surgery -- case report].

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric pain']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['tubular adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['a type 2 gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity461 ( @entity461 ) increases both bone formation ( @entity1555 ) and bone resorption, whereas @entity561 reduces bone resorption. It is possible that the combination therapy will enhance their effects on @entity1555 . Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of the combination therapy in @entity170 . METHODS: A comprehensive literature search of Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science was conducted to identify relative studies. The outcomes included the mean percent increases in @entity1555 of lumbar spine, femoral neck, total hip, and distal radius. A fixed-effects model or random-effects was used to pool the estimates according to the heterogeneity. RESULTS: Six RCTs with a total number of 833 @entity1 were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled estimates showed that, the combination therapy resulted in a higher mean percent change of increased @entity1555 in distal radius (WMD = 2.45, 95%CI: 1.58, 3.31; 0.000), but not in lumbar spine (WMD = -0.83, 95%CI: -3.48, 1.81; p = .538), femoral neck (WMD = -0.99, 95%CI: -2.04, 0.07; p = .068), and total hip (WMD = -0.06, 95%CI: -0.93, 0.81; p = .892). Subgroup analysis revealed that among the @entity1 in the combination therapy group, greater increases in the spine @entity1555 were observed when the @entity461 was administered with a dosage of 20   g (WMD = 2.33, 95%CI: 1.24, 3.43; p = .000), or the treatment duration lasted more than 12 months (WMD = 2.23, 95%CI: 1.00, 3.47; p = .000), or the combination therapy was used in @entity170 @entity1 (WMD = 1.58, 95%CI: 0.63, 2.53; p = .001). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicated that combination therapy in the treatment of @entity170 , reduced the ability of @entity461 therapy to increase the @entity1555 at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip.

title: @entity461 Plus XXXX in @entity170 : A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity561 :: ('MESH:D019386', 'Chemical') :: ['alendronate']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'Parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity561 :: (MESH:D019386,Chemical) :: ['Alendronate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Serum @entity414 (UA) could be a valid prognostic marker and useful for metabolic, hemodynamic, and functional ( @entity12624 ) staging in @entity712 ( @entity712 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: For the derivation study, 112 @entity1 with @entity712 (age 59+/-12 years, peak @entity26 consumption [Vo2] 17+/-7 mL/kg per minute) were recruited. In separate studies, we validated the prognostic value of UA (n=182) and investigated the relationship between @entity12624 score and the decision to list @entity1 for heart transplantation (n=120). In the derivation study, the best mortality predicting UA cutoff (at 12 months) was 565 micromol/L (9.50 mg/dL) (independently of age, peak Vo2, left ventricular ejection fraction, diuretic dose, @entity1372 , @entity1011 , and @entity1133 ; P<0.0001). In the validation study, UA >or=565 micromol/L predicted mortality (hazard ratio, 7.14; P<0.0001). In 16 @entity1 (from both studies) with UA >or=565 micromol/L, left ventricular ejection fraction <or=25% and peak Vo2 <or=14 mL/kg per min ( @entity12624 score 3), 12-month survival was lowest (31%) compared with @entity1 with 2 (64%), 1 (77%), or no (98%, P<0.0001) risk factor. In an independent study, 51% of @entity1 with @entity12624 score 2 and 81% of @entity1 with @entity12624 score 3 were listed for transplantation. The positive predictive value of not being listed for heart transplantation with an @entity12624 score of 0 or 1 was 100%. CONCLUSIONS: High serum UA levels are a strong, independent marker of impaired prognosis in @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity712 . The relationship between serum UA and survival in @entity712 is graded. @entity12624 staging of @entity1 with @entity712 is feasible.

title: Uric acid and survival in XXXX : validation and application in metabolic, functional, and hemodynamic staging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['chronic heart failure']


abstract: Acrocephalopolysyndactyly Type II ( @entity50081 ) is determined by autosomal recessive inheritance. Only some 40 cases have been described. Variable clinical signs have been described including prolonged retention of primary teeth and @entity2651 . This paper describes the oral and dental findings in a family containing two affected brothers. The family pedigree is informative, as the mother has had @entity1 by three partners. The two affected individuals are full brothers. The first affected brother has delayed dental development, severe @entity2651 and small tooth crown size. Mesio-distal and bucco-lingual dimensions were measured on the study models and compared with population data. The younger brother also has delayed dental development but only mild @entity2651 . Their half sister has severe @entity2651 but no signs of @entity50081 . This family study demonstrates two affected individuals with typical clinical features and a pedigree compatible with autosomal recessive inheritance. Small tooth crown size has been shown by standardized measurement and evidence advanced that @entity2651 is not part of the syndrome but a coincidental finding which segregates independently. We have also shown that the marked delay in emergence of teeth is associated more with problems of tooth eruption, possibly related to the @entity854 , than to a generalized delay in dental development.

title: Oral findings in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity50081 :: ('MESH:C563187', 'Disease') :: ['Carpenter Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['bony abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2651 :: ('MESH:D000848', 'Disease') :: ['hypodontia']

answer: @entity50081 :: (MESH:C563187,Disease) :: ['Carpenter syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ileocecal resection is the most commonly performed operation in @entity1 with @entity30 . @entity455 , with their associated morbidity, are the most feared risks of surgery. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the influence of a variety of putative risk factors in a homogenous group of @entity1 undergoing first or subsequent surgery for @entity30 to quantify the cumulative risk for @entity455 . DESIGN AND @entity1 : All @entity1 undergoing ileocecal or ileocolic resections for @entity30 from 2000 to 2010 were studied with the use of a prospective database. Demographics, operative details, possible risk factors, and @entity455 were recorded. @entity1 having strictureplasties, multiple resections, or subtotal colonic resections were excluded from analysis. Statistical analysis was by univariate analysis (Mann-Whitney U test) and binary logistic regression. OUTCOMES: An @entity455 was defined as a proven @entity834 , postoperative fistulation, or @entity6177 formation. RESULTS: Two hundred seven @entity1 (109 female) with a median age of 35 years (range, 13-75 years) were identified. One hundred seventy-three underwent primary @entity254 , 94 as an emergency procedure. Fifty-three had laparoscopic (5 converted) procedures. Nineteen of 173 @entity834 complication events (11%) were recorded. @entity134 usage (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.0-7.2) and the presence of preoperative @entity733 formation (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.2-9.8) were identified as independent predictors of @entity455 . In the absence of both @entity230 and @entity6177 , the risk of @entity532 was 6%, which increased to 14% if either risk factor was present. When both risk factors were present, complication rates reached 40%. CONCLUSION: Steroid usage and preoperative @entity733 were associated with higher rates of @entity532 following ileocolic resection for @entity195 . When both risk factors are present, it is best to avoid primary @entity254 .

title: Influence of risk factors on the safety of ileocolic XXXX in @entity30 surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic-associated complications', 'anastomotic-associated complication', 'anastomotic-associated complications']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic', 'anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal abscess']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic complications']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Cohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity6475 ( @entity6475 ) is known to be reduced in @entity1 with @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ), it has not been elucidated whether or not @entity6475 ( @entity6475 ) is reduced. We aimed to determine whether multidirectional and layer-specific @entity296 is reduced in @entity1 with nonobstructive @entity1121 .Methods   and   Results:Speckle-tracking echocardiography was performed in 41 @entity1121 @entity1 and 27 control subjects. @entity1347 and @entity6475 were measured in the inner, mid, and outer layers. Global @entity6475 was significantly lower in the @entity1121 group than in controls in the inner (-10.3  2.9 vs. -14.8  2.0%, P<0.001), mid (-8.7  2.6 vs. -13.8  1.9%, P<0.001), and outer (-7.2  2.6 vs. -11.9  1.9%, P<0.001) layers. Global @entity6475 was preserved in the inner layer (-23.8  4.7 vs. -24.3  3.3%, P=0.69) but reduced in the mid (-10.3  3.1 vs. -13.3  2.5%, P<0.001) and outer layers (-6.7  2.3 vs. -8.6  2.3%, P=0.002). Differences in @entity6475 between the inner and outer layers correlated with segmental relative wall thickness (r=-0.20, P=0.002). Furthermore, only the absolute value of global @entity6475 in the inner layer positively correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction (r=0.32, P<0.01) among these multidirectional and layer-specific strains. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity1121 , not only the @entity6475 in all layers but also @entity6475 in the mid and outer layers was reduced, presumably reflecting @entity296 . In contrast, @entity6475 in the inner layer was preserved, being associated with maintenance of chamber function. (Circ J 2015; 79: 2471-2479).

title: Myocardial Shortening in 3 Orthogonal Directions and Its Transmural Variation in XXXX With Nonobstructive @entity1121 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['impaired myocardial function', 'myocardial strain']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['Segmental and global LS']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['CS', 'longitudinal strain', 'LS', 'circumferential strain']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCM', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although @entity450 is considered to be a major cause of progressive @entity602 in @entity1 with spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae (DAVFs), the @entity16 in @entity1 with spinal intradural @entity2758 ( @entity2758 ) has been attributed to @entity548 or to vascular steal. To reexamine this theory, we analyzed our own cases of @entity455 . METHODS: In 24 @entity1 with @entity455 , those who demonstrated progressive @entity602 with T2 hyperintensity in the spinal cord on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were diagnosed as @entity1 with congestive @entity602 . We further examined the clinical courses, MRI findings, and reversibility of these cases. RESULTS: @entity450 was judged to be a cause of @entity16 in 13 @entity1 (7 DAVFs, 6 intradural @entity2758 ). The T2 signals on these @entity1 ' MRI scans were located in the center and extended over several levels not corresponding to distribution of @entity63 due to arterial steal. Of the @entity1 who were diagnosed with congestive @entity602 , no differences between those with DAVFs and those with intradural @entity2758 were apparent in terms of clinical manifestations and reversibility. Eight (four DAVFs, four intradural @entity2758 ) of 13 @entity1 experienced @entity16 after treatment. All @entity1 with poor outcomes had intervals from onset of more than 3 years and showed contrast enhancement of the spinal cord on MRI studies. CONCLUSION: Spinal intradural @entity2758 as well as spinal DAVFs can be a cause of @entity450 . Regardless of its etiology, congestive @entity602 is potentially reversible if properly diagnosed and treated.

title: @entity450 is a major cause of XXXX in @entity2758 .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['spinal vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformations', 'AVMs']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration', 'neurological improvement']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['venous congestive myelopathy', 'Venous congestion', 'venous congestion']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['neurological deterioration']


abstract: Our objective was to identify shed placental plasma membrane fragments in the maternal circulation and determine whether these fragments are capable of down-regulating @entity12711 expression and inducing apoptosis in T lymphocytes. Sera, isolated from the blood of pregnant @entity1 at 26-29 weeks gestation that subsequently had uncomplicated term deliveries, were subjected to high exclusion-limit gel chromatography to isolate placental membrane fragments. The placental origin of the fragments was confirmed by the presence of placental-type alkaline @entity6546 . These shed membrane fragments were further analyzed for the presence of @entity12 ( @entity12 ) and modulation of @entity12711 expression on cultured T-lymphocytes (Jurkat cells). The ability of the shed membrane fragments to induce apoptosis was assayed using a cell death ELISA. Components associated with Fas-dependent apoptosis ( @entity522 , @entity588 and @entity589 ) were characterized using western immunoblot following exposure to serum-derived membrane fragments. Placental membrane fragments were identified in all pregnancy sera, but not in non-pregnant controls. The 41 kDa @entity12 was identified in membrane fragment isolates and all samples were capable of inducing apoptosis as determined by the ELISA assay. Exposure of T lymphocytes to isolated membrane fragments suppressed the expression of @entity12711 . The induction of apoptosis correlated with the induction and activation of @entity522 and the induction of @entity589 . Placenta-derived membrane fragments are detectable in the maternal circulation. These membrane fragment isolates are capable of inducing @entity12 -mediated apoptosis and down-regulating @entity12711 expression, which may contribute to the immune tolerance of the fetus.

title: Shed membrane fragment modulation of XXXX during pregnancy: link with induction of apoptosis.

entities_list: @entity6546 :: ('MESH:D010710', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphates']

answer: @entity12711 :: (919,Gene) :: ['CD3-zeta']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of @entity737 ( @entity737 ) in @entity712 ( @entity712 ) @entity1 compared to pharmacologic/conventional management. MATERIAL AND METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, and Springer Link Library databases up to February 10th, 2014. Pooled risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the mortality of the @entity1 with @entity712 were collected and calculated in a fixed-effects model or a random-effects model, as appropriate. Summary effect estimates were also stratified by sex and follow-up time. Egger's regression asymmetry tests were utilized for publication bias detection. RESULTS A total of 7 separate studies including 15 520 @entity1 (10 801 @entity737 cases and 4719 controls) with @entity712 were considered in the meta-analysis. The overall estimates showed that @entity737 could statistically significantly reduce the mortality of male (RR=0.73, 95% CI: 0.66-0.80) and female (RR=0.75, 95% CI: 0.63-0.90) @entity1 . In addition, the further stratification subgroup analysis indicated that @entity737 presented a significant reduction (male: RR=0.72, 95% CI: 0.64-0.81; female: RR=0.69, 95% CI: 0.56-0.85) of mortality after 2-3 years of @entity737 therapy. The RR (95% CI) effects of mortality after 4-5 years of @entity737 therapy for males and females were 0.76 (0.51-1.14) and 0.96 (0.68-1.37), respectively. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggests that @entity737 could reduce @entity712 @entity1 mortality despite the sex difference.

title: Use of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators in @entity712 XXXX and Risk of Mortality: A Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter defibrillators']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate recipient and operative factors that can influence the rate of achieving a bare @entity195 ( @entity195 ) during deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) for @entity9042 . MATERIALS: In this retrospective comparative study, a total of 290 (153 right) consecutive eyes from 257 (179 male) @entity9042 -affected @entity1 who underwent DALK with the big-bubble technique were enrolled. Univariate analyses and multiple logistic regressions were used to investigate factors including @entity1 age and sex, family history of @entity9042 , history of contact lens wear or @entity5902 , the presence of Vogt's striae or superficial stromal opacities, keratometric readings, corneal diameter, central and peripheral corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, vitreous length, and trephination size, which could predict achievement of a bare @entity195 . RESULTS: The surgery was completed as a DALK in 289 of 290 eyes, and a bare @entity195 was successfully achieved in 229 (79.2%) eyes. The recipient sex and trephination size significantly influenced the success rate of big-bubble formation. Females had decreased odds of achieving a bare @entity195 by 0.44 times (p=0.02). For each 0.1   mm increase in the trephination size, the odds of a successful big-bubble formation increased by 1.36 times (p=0.03). Other investigated factors did not significantly influence the rate of achieving a bare @entity195 . CONCLUSIONS: The rate of successful big-bubble formation was 79.2% in @entity9042 . Among the different factors, recipient sex and trephination size significantly influenced this rate. Females had a lower probability of big-bubble formation, and a large trephination size was associated with an increase in the probability of achieving a bare @entity195 .

title: Factors influencing big-bubble formation during deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5902 :: ('MESH:D003233', 'Disease') :: ['vernal keratoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity9042 :: ('MESH:D007640', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconus']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['DM', "Descemet's membrane"]

answer: @entity9042 :: (MESH:D007640,Disease) :: ['keratoconus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We conducted a study to evaluate the functional outcomes of elderly @entity1 after open reduction internal fixation of @entity7334 . DESIGN: Retrospective clinical and radiographic evaluation. SETTING: A Level I trauma and tertiary referral center. @entity1 / @entity1 : We identified 23 eligible @entity1 aged older than 65 years from the center's orthopaedic trauma registry between 1997 and 2005. Fourteen @entity1 were available for follow-up. We had a mean follow-up of 51 months with a range of 20 to 99 months. INTERVENTION: All enrolled @entity1 were acutely treated with open reduction internal fixation of their distal humerus. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: All enrolled @entity1 were contacted and evaluated radiographically and with physical examination. Functional outcome was assessed with the Mayo Elbow Performance, Disabilities of Arm and Shoulder and Hand, and Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment functional questionnaires. RESULTS: All 14 @entity174 united. The mean Mayo Elbow Performance score was 83. The mean elbow flexion-extension arc was 20   to 120  . There was no significant loss of forearm pronation-supination (P > 0.05) or grip strength (32.6 versus 34.0 lbs, P > 0.05) compared with the contralateral arm. The mean Disabilities of Arm and Shoulder and Hand score was 37.6. Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment scores demonstrated disability with a mean total score of 33.4 (normative 9.3), hand score of 34.7 (normative 3.7), and self-care score of 31.8 (normative 1.7). One @entity1 required reoperation for a @entity1159 . CONCLUSIONS: Intra-articular distal humerus @entity174 are severely disabling @entity130 , particularly in the elderly population. Good results can be achieved with stable fixation and @entity174 union. Despite reasonable range of motion, @entity1 -directed questionnaires revealed persistent @entity158 and functional limitations.

title: Functional outcome after open reduction internal fixation of XXXX of the distal humerus in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity7334 :: ('MESH:D057072', 'Disease') :: ['intra-articular distal humerus fractures']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['disabling flexion contracture']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity7334 :: (MESH:D057072,Disease) :: ['intra-articular fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To estimate the proportion of @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 who were eligible for @entity1780 treatment per American @entity6 Association (ADA) recommendations and the proportion who were actually prescribed a @entity1780 in US clinical practice. Factors associated with receiving a @entity1780 prescription were also determined. METHODS: @entity1 >=  25 years diagnosed with @entity164 2 @entity6 or had received prescriptions for antihyperglycemic agents between 7/2006 and 6/2008 were identified within a large electronic medical record database. Eligibility for @entity1780 therapy was determined according to 2008 ADA recommendations. @entity1780 use was assessed based on prescription records during a 12-month follow-up period. An adjusted logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the likelihood of @entity1780 use in relation to selected baseline characteristics. RESULTS: Of the 125,464 @entity1 identified, 98.5% were eligible for @entity1780 therapy. Only 62.9% received a @entity1780 prescription during follow-up period. In an adjusted logistic regression, factors associated with increased likelihood of @entity1780 use were older age, male gender, smoking, history of @entity65 , and receiving an antihyperglycemic, antihypertensive, or anticoagulant prescription at baseline (all p < 0.05). LIMITATIONS: Of the @entity1 who did not receive @entity1780 during follow-up, 13% of them were previously on a @entity1780 during the baseline period. The reasons for discontinuing therapy are not known. It cannot be excluded that some of these @entity1 were intolerant or had contraindications to @entity1780 . The data on prescription dispensing and compliance were not recorded. CONCLUSIONS: Nearly all @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 were eligible for @entity1780 therapy, but less than two-thirds received @entity1780 therapy in US clinical practice. Efforts to minimize this gap are warranted.

title: Underutilization of statins in XXXX with @entity164 2 @entity6 in US clinical practice: a retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1780 :: ('CHEBI:35664', 'Chemical') :: ['statin', 'Statin']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular conditions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: This US, multicenter, observational study assessed the CKD prevalence in adult @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and characterized the proportion of detected and undiagnosed CKD in the primary care setting using the following: a clinician survey; a @entity1 physical exam and medical history; a single blood draw for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and glycosolated hemoglobin (HbA1c); urine dipstick for protein; urine albumin- @entity1011 ratio (ACR); two @entity1 quality of life questionnaires; and a 15-month medical record review. The study consisted of 9339 adults with @entity6 and 466 investigator sites. Of the 9339 enrolled, 9307 had complete data collection for analysis. The 15-month retrospective review showed urine protein, urine ACR, and eGFR testing were not performed in 51.4%, 52.9% and 15.2% of individuals, respectively. Of the 9307 @entity1 , 5036 (54.1%) had Stage 1-5 CKD based on eGFR and @entity633 ; however, only 607 (12.1%) of those @entity1 were identified as having CKD by their clinicians. Clinicians were more successful in diagnosing @entity1 with Stage 3-5 CKD than Stages 1 and 2. There were no differences in clinicians' likelihood of identification of CKD based on practice setting, number of years in practice, or self-reported @entity1 seen per week. Awareness or @entity1 self-reported CKD was 81.1% with practitioner detection versus 2.6% in the absence of diagnosis. Primary care of @entity6 demonstrates recommended urine CKD testing is underutilized, and CKD is significantly under-diagnosed. This is the first study to show CKD detection is associated with awareness.

title: Primary Care Detection of Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults with Type-2 XXXX : The ADD-CKD Study (Awareness, Detection and Drug Therapy in Type 2 @entity6 and Chronic Kidney Disease).

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type-2 diabetes mellitus', 'T2DM']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: Aposematism is the association, in a prey organism, of the presence of a warning signal with unprofitability to predators. The origin of aposematism is puzzling, because of its predicted low probability of establishment in a population due to the prey's increased conspicuousness. Aposematism is a widespread trait in invertebrate taxa, but, in vertebrates, it is mostly evident in amphibians, reptiles, and fishes. Poison frogs (Dendrobatidae) are one of the most well known examples of the co-occurrence of warning coloration and @entity137 . This monophyletic group of mostly diurnal leaf-litter Neotropical anurans has both toxic/colorful and palatable/cryptic species. Previous studies suggested a single origin of @entity137 and warning coloration, dividing the family in two discrete groups of primitively cryptic and more derived aposematic frogs. Recent molecular phylogenetic analyses using mostly aposematic taxa supported this conclusion and proposed a single tandem origin of @entity137 and conspicuous warning coloration. By using expanded taxon and character sampling, we reexamined the phylogenetic correlation between the origins of @entity137 and warning coloration. At least four or five independent origins of aposematism have occurred within @entity4968 frogs; by using simulations, we rejected hypotheses of one, two, or three origins of aposematism (P < 0.002). We also found that diet specialization is linked with the evolution of aposematism. Specialization on prey, such as ants and termites, may have evolved independently at least two times.

title: Multiple, recurring origins of aposematism and diet specialization in XXXX frogs.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity4968 :: (MESH:D011041,Disease) :: ['poison']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic role of the Immulite @entity6949 assay for the detection of @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ). POPULATION: 150 males and 63 females with a median age of 63 years, range 28 to 88, and an interquartile range of 18 years were admitted within 24 h of @entity662 and non-ST segment elevation @entity1187 were studied. The median onset of symptoms was 3 h (range 0-23). METHODS: Venous samples were taken on admission (t = 0) and at 24 h (t = 24). The serum samples were assayed for CK, CK-MB and @entity10020 on an Elecsys 1010 (Roche Diagnostics, Lewes, UK). The @entity10020 assay CV was 5.5% at 0.32 microg/l and 5.4% at 6.0 microg/l, and the detection limit was 0.01 microg/l with an upper limit of 25 microg/l. For @entity6949 using the Immulite (DPC, Gwynedd, Wales), the detection limit was 0.1 microg/l, and the upper limit was 180 microg/l. Final diagnostic categorization was performed by both WHO and European Society of Cardiology criteria using @entity10020 as the diagnostic cardiac biomarker. @entity1 were followed for the major adverse @entity299 (MACE), endpoints @entity204 , AMI or need for urgent revascularization. ROC curves were constructed using final diagnosis. Outcome prediction was assessed by ROC curves and Kaplan-Meier survival curves. RESULTS: Both methods had equivalent diagnostic efficiency using WHO criteria for AMI. When ESC criteria were used the AUC for admission and 24 h @entity10020 and @entity6949 values were 0.945 vs. 0.910, P = 0.20 and 0.998 vs. 0.937, P = 0.005, respectively. Both methods predicted outcome as either @entity204 or MI or MACE and were not significantly different. CONCLUSION: The Immulite @entity6949 assay can be used for diagnosis and risk stratification in @entity1 admitted with non-ST segment elevation @entity1187 .

title: Diagnostic and prognostic role of XXXX ( @entity6949 ) measured on the DPC Immulite.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death', 'death']

answer: @entity6949 :: (7137,Gene) :: ['cardiac troponin I']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the potential usefulness of early macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL) measurement for detecting @entity989 in eyes with @entity6810 ( @entity6810 ). METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 with @entity6810 were examined within 1  month of visual disturbance onset and underwent spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) measurement of the mGCIPL and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL). Complete ophthalmologic evaluations, including visual acuity and @entity227 ( @entity227 ) test, were performed. The time to minimum and average mGCIPL and pRNFL thinning were investigated. The correlation between the area of mGCIPL thinning and the affected @entity227 area was also analyzed. RESULTS: Thirteen eyes of 13 @entity1 with @entity6810 were included. The length of time from visual disturbance onset to minimum and average mGCIPL thinning was 32.5        12.1  days and 46.1        23.2  days, respectively, and the time to pRNFL thinning was 79.2        19.7  days. There was a significant regional correlation between the area of mGCIPL loss and that of the @entity227 in the early phase (r   =   0.610; p   =   0.027). However, the area of mGCIPL thinning in the late phase did not correlate with that of late @entity227 . CONCLUSIONS: In the early phase, mGCIPL thinning was observed, and the area of mGCIPL thinning correlated with that of the @entity227 in eyes with @entity6810 . Therefore, early @entity66 may be detected in @entity6810 by measurement of mGCIPL using SD-OCT.

title: Early macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer analysis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['VF defects', 'visual field', 'VF defect', 'VF']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ganglion cell damage and dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity6810 :: ('MESH:D018917', 'Disease') :: ['non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy', 'NAION']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ganglion cell damage']

answer: @entity6810 :: (MESH:D018917,Disease) :: ['non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy']


abstract: Rupture of an @entity438 ( @entity438 ) is frequently associated with intense physical exertion and/or emotional excitement, events that are typically also accompanied by sudden significant changes in both heart rate and blood pressure. Very few experimental studies of @entity439 hemodynamics have examined the impact on hemodynamic parameters in and around an @entity439 resulting from changes in heart rate. In order to further understanding these changes, as they relate to hemodynamic features that may contribute to rupture of an @entity438 , we examined the characteristics of pulsatile flow in and around two " @entity1 -specific" @entity438 at three different @entity299 . Three dimensional X-ray angiographic data (3D-DSA) were used to reconstruct accurate and @entity1 -specific @entity439 geometries. Then, computational fluid dynamics techniques were utilized to analyze the characteristics of blood flow in and around the two @entity439 . Physiologically realistic flow conditions, as measured by transcranial Doppler ultrasound, were used in the simulations. Our results showed that there were significant changes in the overall flow patterns (e.g., vortex formation and translation) associated with the changes of heart rates. In both @entity439 , the calculated wall shear stress exhibited substantial increases with an increase in heart rate. Our results suggest that the changes in local hemodynamic forces associated with variations in heart rate are dependent not only on the heart rate but also on the @entity439 geometry. This thus precludes applying our observations about the impact of variations in cardiac rate to @entity439 in general.

title: Computational fluid dynamics simulations of XXXX at varying heart rates: a " @entity1 -specific" study.

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac frequencies']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysm', 'intracranial aneurysms', 'IA']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to establish whether @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) outcomes, attitudes towards @entity5 ( @entity5 ) resources, and the availability of such resources differ between rural and urban @entity5 @entity1 . METHODS: Three months after surgery for @entity14 , @entity1 received a questionnaire for completion at home assessing distress, @entity308 , @entity148 , acceptance, knowledge and use of @entity5 resources and the doctor- @entity1 relationship. We adjusted our sample to reference data of the Munich Cancer Registry and documented @entity5 resources (e.g. @entity5 -specific information centres and @entity5 support groups) using a systematic Internet search. RESULTS: Five hundred thirty-four @entity1 participated with a mean age of 68.9  years; 44.5  % were female. Urban @entity1 talked less with their doctor about their emotional state (65  %, p   <   0.01) and showed poorer knowledge of @entity5 resources (60  %, p   <   0.002). A good doctor- @entity1 relationship was associated with a better @entity1032 outcome. A significant predictor for acceptance was distress. Ninety-four percent of @entity1 without a nearby support facility lived in rural areas (p   <   0.001). There were no group differences concerning distress, @entity1032 outcomes, or acceptance of @entity5 resources. CONCLUSION: Despite a higher availability of @entity5 resources, urban @entity1 showed poorer doctor- @entity1 relationships and less knowledge of such resources than rural @entity1 . Overall, knowledge and use of these resources were poor. The amount of support facilities available therefore appears to be less important than establishing an efficient communication network between @entity1 , doctors and providers of @entity5 resources to achieve satisfaction with treatment of urban and rural @entity5 @entity1 .

title: Use of @entity5 -specific XXXX resources-is there an urban-rural divide?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental health', 'MH']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['CSMH', 'cancer', 'cancer-specific MH']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['mental health']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Status asthmaticus is an acute exacerbation of @entity565 that is persistent and intractable and remains unresponsive to initial treatment with bronchodilators and systemic @entity288 and that can result in @entity519 , hypercarbia, and secondary @entity1576 . METHOD: We reviewed treatment and recent patents on management of status asthmaticus. CONCLUSIONS: Supplemental @entity26 should be given to maintain an @entity26 saturation of >= 92% in room air. Mainstay of pharmacologic treatment of status asthmaticus includes short-acting, b2 agonists such as @entity3045 ( @entity3045 ) administered by metered-dose inhaler with spacer or, preferably, by nebulizer and oral @entity288 . There is no advantage to intravenous @entity288 unless the @entity1 cannot tolerate oral @entity288 (e.g., protracted @entity391 ), or unable to take oral @entity228 (e.g., intubated or unconscious). Inhaled @entity13265 and intravenous @entity2399 should be considered in @entity1 with severe @entity565 exacerbations not responsive to conventional therapy. Subcutaneous and intramuscular b2 agonists such as @entity4183 and @entity1425 may be considered for @entity1 with severe @entity565 exacerbation who have poor air entry, are uncooperative with nebulized therapy, or have poor response to nebulized therapy. Monoclonal anti-IgE antibody (omalizumab) and humanized monoclonal antibodies targeting interleukin pathway have shown great promise in severe refractory @entity1712 . Failing therapeutic interventions necessitate non-invasive or invasive ventilation support. Severe exhaustion, deteriorating @entity1662 , poor air entry, worsening @entity519 , @entity2944 , and @entity1167 are indications for mechanical ventilation and intubation. For chronic treatment of @entity565 , inhaled @entity288 , bronchodilator, and oral montelukasts are the mainstay. Some formulations of herbal medicine are efficacious but evidence of other modalities of complementary and alternative medicine are generally lacking. This review also discusses recent patents related to the management of @entity565 . These recent patents describe a few immunomodulating medications useful for the treatment of chronic severe @entity565 . There have been no recent patents for the management of status asthmaticus.

title: Management of status asthmaticus in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic asthma']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnia']

entities_list: @entity13265 :: ('MESH:D009241', 'Chemical') :: ['ipratropium bromide']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol', 'albuterol']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary arrest']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['consciousness']

entities_list: @entity4183 :: ('MESH:D013726', 'Chemical') :: ['terbutaline']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Activated resident macrophages sustain @entity1856 , and a high macrophage content is associated with plaque vulnerability. Factors leading to differentiation and activation of these blood-derived cells remain largely uncharacterized. We investigated the contribution of interaction with collagen type I, the predominant component of @entity731 matrix, to differentiation and modulation of characteristic macrophage functions, including intracellular lipid accumulation and production of the typical matrix-degrading enzyme @entity1495 . When used as an adhesion substrate for @entity1 peripheral blood monocytes in vitro, collagen type I increased monocyte differentiation, assessed by analysis of @entity8282 expression and cell spreading. Culturing on collagen type I doubled the number of differentiated monocytes at 24 hours (44.9+/-1.4% versus 18.4+/-1.7% on uncoated dishes, P<.001, n=3 independent experiments) and was a stronger stimulus for differentiation than @entity4514 , a known inducer of monocyte differentiation. The effect of substrate on intracellular accumulation of modified lipoproteins was assessed by quantitative confocal microscopy of monocytes incubated with fluorescent acetylated LDL. The collagen type I substrate also doubled the number of macrophages containing intracellular lipid and significantly increased the individual intracellular loading. Monocytes cultured on collagen type I also released more @entity1495 than did cells plated directly on plastic. The role of monocyte spreading was further assessed by treatment with @entity3812 , an inhibitor of cytoskeletal function, or with @entity670 , a nonspecific inhibitor of @entity669 kinases, shown to participate in cell adhesion. Cell spreading was inhibited in 72.3+/-6.7% of @entity3812 -treated and in 62.4+/-6.4% of @entity670 -treated monocytes (n=3, P<.01 in both cases). The same conditions also decreased secretion of @entity1495 , and @entity670 reduced the number of acetylated LDL-containing cells (from 286+/-7 to 184+/-8 cells/mm2 with @entity670 , n=3, P<.001). Data showed a strong correlation (r>.98) between monocyte spreading on collagen type I and intracellular lipid accumulation. Our results indicate that interaction with vascular matrix may play an important role in differentiation of peripheral blood monocytes into resident lipid-laden macrophages, which act as central stimulators throughout the natural history of @entity1856 .

title: Extracellular matrix modulates macrophage functions characteristic to @entity1856 : collagen type I enhances acquisition of resident macrophage traits by XXXX peripheral blood monocytes in vitro.

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['genistein']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-9', 'matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Epidemiologic studies in @entity1 have demonstrated that infection with helminth parasites is associated with a reduced risk of developing @entity792 . Mechanistic studies in @entity19 have linked the protective effect of helminths on @entity792 to the suppressive activity of helminth-induced regulatory T cells (Tregs) or @entity61 cells. In this study, we demonstrate that treatment of @entity19 with @entity8072 excretory-secretory products (FHES) attenuated the clinical signs of @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ), a @entity19 model of @entity15 . Protection was associated with a significant reduction in the infiltration of pathogenic @entity630 and Th17 cells into the brain. Although FHES enhanced anti-inflammatory cytokine and @entity61 responses, protection against @entity6503 was independent of @entity58 , @entity1618 , and Tregs. However, administration of FHES induced production of the type 2 cytokines @entity26051 and @entity59 , which promoted accumulation of eosinophils. FHES-induced expansion of eosinophils and protection against @entity6503 was lost in @entity26051 (-/-) @entity19 and upon neutralization of @entity59 . Furthermore, transfer of FHES-induced or @entity26051 -induced eosinophils conferred protection against @entity6503 . In addition, treatment of @entity19 with recombinant @entity26051 attenuated @entity792 , and this was dependent on @entity59 . To our knowledge, this study is the first to report a role for helminth-induced @entity59 and @entity26051 in protection against @entity792 .

title: Helminth Products Protect against XXXX Cytokines @entity59 and @entity26051 , Which Promote Eosinophilia.

entities_list: @entity8072 :: ('6192', 'Species') :: ['Fasciola hepatica']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity6503 :: ('MESH:D004681', 'Disease') :: ['EAE', 'experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity', 'autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['Autoimmunity via Innate Type 2']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe and compare graft survival and intraocular pressure (IOP) control after penetrating keratoplasty (PK) and Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) in eyes with @entity22958 . DESIGN: Retrospective case series. METHODS: Multicenter study conducted at the Singapore National Eye Centre (SNEC) and Price Vision Group. Twenty-nine consecutive eyes with ICE syndrome that underwent keratoplasty between 1991 and 2011 were identified from the SNEC transplant database and Price Vision Group @entity1 database and the following data extracted: demographics, graft failure, IOP indices, and @entity726 treatment pre- and postkeratoplasty. The main outcome measures were graft failure and need for additional IOP-lowering treatment after keratoplasty. RESULTS: The mean follow-up duration was 7.0    4.9 years in the PK group (n  = 17) and 4.0    2.6 years in the DSAEK group (n  = 12). After a mean of 4.1    3.1 years, 37.9% of grafts (11/29) failed: 7 PK compared to 4 DSAEK (P  = .72). The graft failure rate was 50% in eyes with @entity726 surgery vs 31.6% in those without (P  = .43). Additional @entity726 treatment was required in 37.9% of eyes (11/29): 41.2% of PK eyes and 50% of DSAEK eyes (P  = .28) Eyes that had undergone @entity726 surgery before keratoplasty were less likely to require escalation of IOP-lowering therapy postkeratoplasty (9.1% vs 50%, P  = .03). CONCLUSIONS: One-third of grafts failed after keratoplasty for ICE syndrome at a mean duration of 4 years and additional IOP-lowering treatment was required in 37.9%. Both PK and DSAEK had similar outcomes with regard to graft failure and IOP control.

title: Graft failure and intraocular pressure control after keratoplasty in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity22958 :: ('MESH:D057129', 'Disease') :: ['iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['prekeratoplasty glaucoma', 'glaucoma']

answer: @entity22958 :: (MESH:D057129,Disease) :: ['iridocorneal endothelial syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate hemodynamic effects of sternal retractor removal and sternal closure after cardiopulmonary bypass and to correlate these changes with preoperative and intraoperative variables. DESIGN: Prospective. SETTING: University hospital. @entity1 : Fifty adults undergoing cardiac surgery. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: @entity432 , and transesophageal echocardiography measurements were obtained immediately before and 1 minute after removal of the sternal retractor and immediately before and 1 minute after sternal closure. Retractor removal caused a significant decrease in cardiac index by 5.6% (p < 0.01), @entity64 volume index by 4.0% (p < 0.05), and mean pulmonary artery pressure by 4.8% (p < 0.001). Sternal closure caused a significant decrease in cardiac index by 7.7%, @entity64 volume index by 10.2%, and left ventricular end-diastolic area by 9.2% (p < 0.001) There were significant increases in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and systemic vascular resistance by 9.1% and 10.8% (p < 0.01). There was no significant change in the ejection fraction area. The magnitude of decrease in @entity64 volume index with sternal closure correlated positively with end-diastolic area immediately before the closure. CONCLUSION: Chest closure is associated with significant hemodynamic changes and a change in the ventricular transmural pressure-volume relationship. @entity1 with lower preload immediately before closure are more vulnerable to a decrease in cardiac index. Based on the results of this study, volume appears to be the appropriate preventive and treatment option to limit the impact of chest closure.

title: Hemodynamic effects of chest closure in adult XXXX undergoing cardiac surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Arterial, pulmonary artery']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most @entity1 with advanced stage @entity3883 will be suitable for palliation only. Metallic stents are safe, effective and minimally invasive. DESIGN: A review of case notes of @entity1 who had Wallstents inserted percutaneously from January 1996 to December 2000. RESULTS: Eighty-nine @entity1 with a median age of 72 years underwent percutaneous insertion of biliary metal stents. The diagnoses were @entity201 (41.5%), @entity3123 (40.5%), nodal metastases at the porta hepatis (14.6%) and @entity1086 (3.4%). Ninety-six per cent of @entity1 improved their hyperbilirubinaemia to normal levels by 1 month. The median post-procedure hospital stay was 16 days. Early overall complications (within 30 days of stenting) occurred in 30% of @entity1 (70% of these were disease related). The 30 day mortality rate was 20% (n = 18). Fifty (70%) @entity1 were readmitted to hospital, most commonly because of @entity189 (16) or stent obstruction (12). The symptom-free period ranged from 2 weeks to 13 months. Median survival for all @entity1 was 3.5 months. Survival correlated inversely with serum @entity648 at presentation (r = -0.34, P = 0.001), but not with other liver function tests. DISCUSSION: Metal wall stenting for @entity3883 provides good palliation with low, procedure-related morbidity and mortality, but poor overall survival from disease-related morbidity. Survival significantly correlates with pre-stenting serum @entity648 levels. There is a need to identify the subgroup of @entity1 in whom stenting has no beneficial effect.

title: Percutaneous biliary metal wall stenting in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['malignant obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gall bladder cancer']

answer: @entity3883 :: (MESH:D041781,Disease) :: ['malignant obstructive jaundice']


abstract: Telomerase is an enzyme responsible for maintaining the constant length of chromosomal telomers, which are necessary for normal function of eucaryotic cells. Presence of active telomerase in neoplastic cells prevents shortening of telomers what makes this cells immortal. Telomerase plays an important role in @entity105 . Aim of this study was to investigate the activity of telomerase in @entity135 and assess its diagnostic and prognostic value. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Material consisted of 30 @entity135 treated surgically and 9 samples from healthy skin and mucous membranes. Telomerase activity was investigated using TeloTAGGG Telomerase PCR ELISA method. RESULTS: Telomerase activity was found in 24 (80%) @entity5 . Relative activity of telomerase in @entity5 was from 16.9 to 766,2 RTA. Telomerase expression was much lower in samples of healthy skin and mucous membrane (RTA <5). Statistically significant difference was proven for T1 and T2 @entity5 , comparing to T4 @entity5 (p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference in telomerase activity for G1 and G2 differentiation @entity5 comparing to G3 and for @entity5 without lymph nodes @entity3 comparing to @entity5 with @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Malignant @entity135 show high activity of telomerase comparing to healthy tissue. Detection of telomerase activity in head and neck @entity5 can be a useful marker for @entity5 assessment. The quantification of telomerase activity has clinical diagnostic value for head and neck @entity5 . To make a convenience of telomerase as a marker for diagnostic and prognosis in @entity1 with @entity135 needs further investigations.

title: [Prognostic and diagnostic value of telomerase in the XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['malignant head and neck tumor', 'head and neck tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors', 'cancer', 'malignant neoplasms', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity908 ( @entity8818 ) is a natural compound that plays an important role in cellular energy homeostasis. In addition, it ameliorates oxidative stress, glutamatergic excitotoxicity, and apoptosis in vitro as well as in vivo. Since these pathomechanisms are implicated to play a role in several @entity179 , @entity8818 supplementation as a neuroprotective strategy has received a lot of attention with several positive animal studies in models of @entity191 ( @entity191 ), @entity2033 ( @entity2033 ), and @entity746 ( @entity746 ). This has led to a number of randomized clinical trials (RCT) with oral @entity8818 supplementation, with durations up to 5  years. In this paper, we review the evidence and consequences stemming from these trials. In the case of @entity191 , the initial phase II RCT was promising and led to a large and well-designed phase III trial, which, however, turned out to be negative for all outcome measures. None of the RCTs that have examined effects of @entity8818 in @entity746 @entity1 showed any clinical benefit. In @entity2033 , @entity8818 in high doses (up to 30  g/day) was shown to slow down brain atrophy in premanifest @entity2034 mutation carriers. In spite of this, proof is still lacking that @entity8818 can also have beneficial clinical effects in this group of @entity1 , who will go on to develop @entity2033 symptoms. Taken together, the use of @entity8818 supplementation has so far proved disappointing in clinical studies with a number of symptomatic @entity179 .

title: @entity908 for neuroprotection in XXXX : end of story?

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatine']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ["Huntington's disease", 'HD']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['neurodegenerative disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Axillary lymph node status is one of the most powerful prognostic indicators in @entity1 with @entity0 and has implications for adjuvant treatment. It has been demonstrated that enhanced histologic evaluation of axillary lymph nodes, including serial sectioning of paraffin tissue blocks and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, increases the rate of detection of occult @entity3 . The clinical significance of occult lymph node @entity3 has been the subject of debate. METHODS: In the current study, the authors identified 267 @entity1 who underwent axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) between 1987 and 1995 and were lymph node negative according to a routine pathologic evaluation, which included the complete submission of all lymph nodes and an examination of 1 @entity1710 and @entity1711 (H_E)-stained section per paraffin block. @entity1 did not receive systemic chemotherapy or hormone therapy. All of the dissected lymph nodes from these @entity1 were re-evaluated by intensified pathologic methods (serial sectioning with H_E levels plus IHC). Occult @entity3 were categorized by detection method and size. The clinical significance of the occult @entity3 was determined. RESULTS: Thirty-nine @entity1 (15%) who had lymph node-negative results on routine evaluation of their ALND specimens had occult @entity3 identified. Eight of these @entity1 (20%) had macrometastases >2.0 mm, 15 (40%) had micrometastases (range, >0.2 mm to  <=2 mm), and 16 (40%) had @entity5 cells ( <=0.2 mm). The presence of occult @entity3 and the size of @entity3 did not affect recurrence-free or overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of occult metastasis did not have clinical significance in this cohort of @entity1 with early stage @entity0 .

title: Occult axillary lymph node @entity3 do not have prognostic significance in early stage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['isolated tumor']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: How mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) promote @entity5 growth remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that mesenchymal stem-like cells (MSLCs) are commonly present in @entity3483 @entity1 , where they directly interact with @entity5 cells. Chemokines and chemokine receptors, especially the @entity2842 / @entity9172 pathway, are involved in this interaction. As a result, MSLCs exert @entity5 -promoting effects by enhancing the proliferation and colony formation of @entity5 -repopulating cells. The underlying molecular basis involves MSLC release of @entity3264 to tumorigenic cells. Inhibition of @entity3264 uptake impedes MSC-mediated @entity5 -promoting effects. More intriguingly, MSLCs take up @entity5 cell-released @entity3104 that, in turn, favors MSLC growth. Thus, @entity3264 and @entity3104 form a vicious cycle between MSLCs and tumorigenic cells. These findings suggest a potential clinical application by targeting MSLCs in @entity1 with @entity3483 . Stem Cells 2015.

title: Brief Reports: XXXX Mesenchymal Stem-Like Cells Facilitate Floating Tumorigenic Cell Growth Via @entity3264 - @entity3104 Cycle.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3104 :: ('MESH:D000644', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural effusion or ascites of cancer', 'malignant pleural effusions or ascites']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many novel molecular and pharmacological modalities have been proposed for the treatment of accelerated @entity455 . Yet the fundamental question remains of whether the vessel wall can be treated once only or whether single-dose therapy simply delays the inevitable processes that lead to intimal @entity1373 . Since @entity1423 and aggregation are critical events in vascular healing, we sought to determine whether the injured blood vessel would retain its myointimal potential after reversal of even prolonged periods of @entity882 . METHODS AND RESULTS: A novel nonimmune method sustained @entity882 and suppressed postinjury neointimal @entity1373 by 88%. Infusion of fresh platelets, even 14 days after initial denuding injury, restored the full neointimal @entity5072 potential. Platelet depletion presumably removed factors chemotactic for vascular smooth muscle cells but had no effect on the overexpression of the @entity13963 ( @entity13963 ) subunit after @entity1317 . In native vessels, 26.5+/-2.5% of medial smooth muscle cells expressed @entity13963 . In all animals, medial @entity13963 expression doubled 2 weeks after endothelial denudation and was evident in up to 74.5+/-2.5% of the cells forming the @entity8233 . CONCLUSIONS: Thus, though the @entity5072 potential of the injured blood vessel can be delayed with removal of growth stimuli, it is not lost forever, and if the media is not made quiescent, neointimal @entity1373 is simply delayed rather than prevented. These results may have a profound effect on our understanding and treatment of accelerated proliferative @entity455 .

title: Rat arterial wall retains myointimal XXXX potential long after @entity1317 .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet adhesion']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity13963 :: ('24629(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta', 'PDGFR-beta']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['neointima']

answer: @entity5072 :: (MESH:D000796,Disease) :: ['hyperplastic']


abstract: PURPOSE: We assessed the prognostic value of extranodal extension and other lymph node parameters in a large multicenter cohort of @entity1 with @entity1600 after radical nephroureterectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 222 @entity1 with @entity1600 treated with radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract @entity189 without neoadjuvant therapy. Each @entity1600 was microscopically evaluated for extranodal extension. RESULTS: A median of 4 lymph nodes (IQR 8) was removed. Two lymph nodes (IQR 2) were positive. Lymph node density was 51.3% (IQR 71.7%). Overall 110 @entity1 (49.5%) had extranodal extension, which was associated with more advanced pT stage (p = 0.026). On multivariable analysis extranodal extension was associated with disease recurrence (p = 0.01) and @entity5 specific mortality (p = 0.013). When stratified by a 30% cutoff, lymph node density was associated with disease recurrence and @entity5 specific mortality on univariable but not multivariable analysis (p = 0.048 and 0.049, respectively). Adding extranodal extension to a multivariable model including pT stage and @entity5 architecture improved predictive accuracy for disease recurrence from 70.3% to 74.5% (p <0.001). Adding extranodal extension to a multivariable model including age, pT stage and @entity5 architecture improved predictive accuracy for @entity5 specific mortality from 70.6% to 74.4% (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Extranodal extension is a powerful predictor of clinical outcomes in @entity1 with upper tract @entity189 with @entity1600 . While other lymph node parameters seem to have limited clinical value, extranodal extension could help risk stratify @entity1 with upper tract @entity189 and @entity1600 for better counseling and clinical trial design.

title: Prognostic value of extranodal extension and other lymph node parameters in @entity1 with upper tract XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['urothelial carcinoma']