abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background. The S-ROM-A prosthesis has been designed for the Asian proximal femur with a small deformed shape and narrow canal. In this study, the clinical and radiological results using the S-ROM-A prosthesis for Japanese @entity1 with @entity85 due to @entity1141 and excessive posterior pelvic tilt were examined. Methods. 94 hips were followed up for a mean of 55 months, with a mean age at surgery of 61 years. The primary diagnoses were 94 coxarthritis cases, including 51 @entity1141 and 37 primary OA, 1 avascular @entity39 , 2 @entity625 , and 3 Perthes disease. Thirty-one hips had been treated with @entity572 . Preoperative intramedullary canal shapes were stovepipe in 23 hips, normal in 51 hips, and champagne-flute in 5 hips. The maximum pelvic inclination angle was 56  . Results. The mean JOA score improved from 46 points preoperatively to 80 points at final follow-up. On radiological evaluation of the fixation of the implants according to the Engh classification, 92 (97%) hips were classified as "bone ingrown fixation." Conclusion. In primary THA, using the S-ROM-A prosthesis for Asian @entity1 with proximal @entity85 , even after osteotomy and with posterior pelvic tilt, provided good short- to midterm results.

title: Total Hip Arthroplasty Using the S-ROM-A Prosthesis for Anatomically Difficult Asian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['osteotomy of the hip joints']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['severe deformity', 'femoral deformity']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Eighty percent of local recurrence after resection of @entity420 classically occurs within two years of surgery. Pretherapeutic staging is frequently limited to clinical examination, although the accuracy of endoanal ultrasonography has been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to report the long-term results of preoperative radiation therapy and resection of pretherapeutic endoanal ultrasonography-staged T3 and T4 @entity420 . METHODS: This retrospective review analyzed a series of 113 @entity1 who underwent radiation therapy followed by surgery. All @entity1 underwent an endoanal ultrasonography. Median follow-up was 75 months. RESULTS: Fifty-seven percent of @entity1 were pT3 or T4. Thirty-six percent had involvement of lymph nodes. Five-year rates of survival, local recurrence-free survival, and disease-free survival were 79, 73, and 68 percent, respectively. Ten-year rates were 65, 63, and 62 percent, respectively. Median time to detection of local recurrence was 39 months. Eight of ten local recurrences occurred after two years of follow-up. Eight of ten @entity1 with local recurrence had pretherapeutic endoanal ultrasonography-staged N+ @entity5 . CONCLUSION: These results appear to justify a follow-up program for @entity1 with pretherapeutic endoanal ultrasonography-staged N+ @entity5 . However, a minimum of seven years of follow-up is needed to obtain an accurate assessment of results.

title: Long-term results of preoperative radiotherapy for 113 cases of UT3 and UT4 XXXX : a need for long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['rectal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: Although chemokines are well known to function in chemotaxis, additional roles for these molecules in the immune system are not well understood. Dendritic cells (DCs) developmentally regulate the expression of chemokine receptors to facilitate their migration from the peripheral tissues to regional lymph nodes. Expressions of @entity25880 and @entity13945 on immature DCs are down-regulated on maturation, whereas @entity13386 is selectively expressed on mature DCs. In the present study, we examined the effects of @entity16761 and CCL21, 2 @entity13386 ligands, on endocytosis of @entity2822 ( @entity2823 )-dextran by @entity19 DCs. Both @entity16761 and CCL21 markedly induced rapid uptake of @entity2823 -dextran by mature DCs but not immature DCs. In contrast, @entity12427 , a ligand of @entity25880 and @entity13945 , induced rapid uptake of @entity2823 -dextran by immature DCs but not mature DCs. @entity16761 -induced endocytosis could be completely blocked by @entity2718 toxin B, which inhibits the Rho guanosine triphosphatase proteins, Rho, @entity1994 , and @entity11120 . This process was not abrogated by @entity12223 , a specific inhibitor of Rho-associated kinase. In addition, @entity16761 rapidly enhanced @entity11120 and @entity1994 activity in mature DCs. These findings demonstrate that certain chemokines induce rapid endocytosis in each relevant DC population. It is suggested that @entity13386 ligands activate @entity11120 and @entity1994 , thereby inducing the endocytosis in mature DCs.

title: @entity13386 ligands induce rapid endocytosis in mature dendritic cells with concomitant up-regulation of XXXX and @entity1994 activities.

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium difficile']

answer: @entity11120 :: (12540(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Cdc42']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to compare the clinical outcome in T2 @entity0 @entity1 who underwent preoperative chemotherapy (PC) and who did not. The study also tried to define a subgroup of @entity1 , who are more beneficial after PC in terms of lower re-excision rates, better cosmetic results and local recurrence free survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 251 consecutive @entity1 treated for nonmetastatic T2 invasive @entity0 were analyzed retrospectively. Of those; 141 underwent primary surgery (PS) followed by chemotherapy, whereas 110 were treated with combination of PC and surgery. RESULTS: The @entity1 who were treated with PC had a significantly higher incidence of negative margins and lower rate of re-excision (5% vs. 16%, p  =  0.02). Of all @entity1 attempted breast conserving surgery (BCS), @entity1 in the PC group were more likely to undergo BCS as their definitive operation compared to @entity1 with PS group (BCS rates; PC group: 99% vs. PS group: 92%, p  =  0.05). @entity66 (OR: 7, 95% Cl, 2.7-18.4, p  =  0.0001) and PC (OR  =  0.2; 95% CI, 0.06-0.72, p  =  0.01) were factors associated with margin positivity in @entity1 treated with BCS. There was no statistically significant difference in 5 year local-recurrence free survival rates between 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that PC significantly decreases the re-excision in @entity1 undergoing BCS with primary T2 @entity0 . This data suggests that any @entity1 with a @entity5 greater than 2  cm might be considered for PC to increase BCS success with final negative margins.

title: Preoperative chemotherapy for T2 XXXX is associated with improved surgical outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Multifocal disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Precise preoperative staging for @entity1086 is difficult, despite recent advances in hepatobiliary imaging. However, the most accurate preoperative staging may be possible by integrating preoperative key data. OBJECTIVE: To establish useful strategies for the surgical treatment of @entity1086 based on information available before resection. DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: University hospital and @entity5 center. @entity1 AND METHODS: From January 1, 1978, through March 31, 2001, 152 @entity1 with @entity1086 underwent surgical resection with curative intent. Preoperative diagnoses of the T factor ( @entity2996 ) and N factor (image-N) in the @entity2802 classification were determined by evaluating all findings of diagnostic imaging, including ultrasonography, enhanced computed tomography, endoscopic ultrasonography, and angiography. The distribution of lymph node @entity3 and prognostic factors were also analyzed. RESULTS: The overall diagnostic accuracy for @entity2996 was 52.6% (95% confidence interval, 44.7%-60.6%) and was lower in @entity1 with @entity2558 and pT2 disease (37.2% and 33.9%, respectively). However, @entity2996 was a significant predictor of lymph node @entity3 and @entity1 outcome. Preoperative staging for N was more difficult, with only 24.5% (95% confidence interval, 12.4%-36.5%) of the node-positive @entity1 being correctly diagnosed. An analysis of harvested lymph nodes showed that the cystic, pericholedochal, and posterosuperior peripancreatic nodes were the most prevalent sites of @entity3 , and these were considered key nodes for the lymphatic spread of @entity1086 . By combining data on @entity2996 and positivity of these key nodes, more accurate @entity2802 staging was possible. Although an extended lymph node dissection provided significantly better survival in @entity1 with pN2 disease, there was no survival advantage to more radical operations, including bile duct resection or pancreaticoduodenectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Although precise preoperative @entity2802 staging for @entity1086 was difficult, the most accurate staging before resection was possible by integrating @entity2996 classification and data from the intraoperative histopathologic examination of key lymph nodes. Based on this staging, we propose algorithms for the surgical treatment of @entity1086 .

title: Strategies for surgical treatment of XXXX based on information available before resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tertiary referral cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder cancer', 'gallbladder carcinoma']

answer: @entity1086 :: (MESH:D005706,Disease) :: ['gallbladder carcinoma']


abstract: HlyU in @entity1838 is known to be the transcriptional activator of the hemolysin gene, HlyA and possibly a regulator of other virulence factors influencing growth, colonization and pathogenicity of this infective agent. Here we report the crystal structure of HlyU from @entity1838 N16961 (HlyU_Vc) at 1.8  . The protein, with five a-helices and three b-strands in the topology of a1-a2-b1-a3-a4-b2-b3-a5, forms a homodimer. Helices a3-a4 and a b sheet form the winged helix-turn-helix (wHTH) DNA-binding motif common to the transcription regulators of the SmtB/ArsR family. In spite of an overall fold similar to SmtB/ArsR family, it lacks any metal binding site seen in SmtB. A comparison of the dimeric interfaces showed that the one in SmtB is much larger and have salt bridges that can be disrupted to accommodate metal ions. A model of HlyU-DNA complex suggests bending of the DNA. @entity2569 38 in the structure was found to be modified as @entity32124 ; the oxidized form was not seen in another structure solved under reducing condition. Although devoid of any metal binding site, the presence of a @entity2569 residue exhibiting oxidation-reduction suggests the possibility of the existence of a redox switch in transcription regulation. A structure-based phylogenetic analysis of wHTH proteins revealed the segregation of metal and non-metal binding proteins as well as those in the latter group that are under redox control.

title: Crystal structure of HlyU, the hemolysin gene transcription activator, from XXXX N16961 and functional implications.

entities_list: @entity32124 :: ('CHEBI:37858', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfenic acid']

entities_list: @entity1838 :: ('666', 'Species') :: ['V. cholerae', 'Vibrio cholerae']

answer: @entity1838 :: (666,Species) :: ['Vibrio cholerae']


abstract: RDEC-1 (serotype O15) is an attaching and effacing strain of @entity95 enteropathogenic @entity526 (REPEC) that causes @entity294 in postweanling @entity95 . It expresses AF/R1 pili that mediate Peyer's patch M-cell adherence. We investigated Peyer's patch adherence, the presence of virulence genes, ileal brush @entity1423 , and pilus expression in 9 strains representing several serotypes of REPEC as well as in two commensal strains. Postweanling @entity95 were inoculated with 10(6) organisms and sacrificed at 24 h, and tissues were prepared for examination by light microscopy. Strains B10 and RDEC-1 were also studied at 12 and 72 h postinoculation. All REPEC strains were eaeA positive, expressed pili, and adhered to ileal brush borders. Both commensal strains expressed pili, and one strain adhered to brush borders. All REPEC strains demonstrated some degree of Peyer's patch lymphoid follicle adherence, ranging from diffuse coverage to small patches covering two to three dome epithelial cells. Strains C102 and C110 had genes homologous with the structural subunit gene of the AF/R1 pilus (afrA) of RDEC-1, which correlated with greater degrees of lymphoid follicle adherence and lesser degrees of ileal villus adherence. The observation that all REPEC strains adhere to Peyer's patch epithelium suggests the possibility that @entity1 strains of enteropathogenic @entity526 (EPEC) might do likewise. EPEC strains might thus serve as mucosal vaccine vectors in @entity1 . Better understanding of the molecular mechanism of REPEC adherence should provide a model for the targeting of the Peyer's patch in @entity1 .

title: Peyer's patch adherence of enteropathogenic XXXX strains in @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['border aggregation']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: The @entity129 innervating the anterior tongue contains two types of @entity1219 -responsive fibers: one, the N-type, receives input from receptor cells, the @entity1219 responses of which are strongly inhibited by @entity6478 , whereas the other, the E-type, receives input from cells poorly sensitive or insensitive to @entity6478 . To investigate the formation of this differentially responsive neural system, we crushed the @entity19 CT nerve and examined the subsequent recovery of @entity1219 responses and @entity6478 sensitivity of the regenerated nerve and behavioral discrimination between @entity1219 and @entity4338 . At 2 weeks after the nerve crush, no significant response of the nerve to chemical stimuli was observed. At 3 weeks, responses to salts gradually reappeared. In this period, almost all single fibers responding to @entity1219 were insensitive to @entity6478 (E-type). At 4 weeks, some of the single fibers showed @entity6478 sensitivity (N-type) and behavioral discrimination between @entity1219 and @entity4338 reappeared. After >or=5 weeks, the number of N-type fibers had reached the control level and became approximately equal to that of E-type fibers. During the course of recovery, N-type and E-type fibers were clearly distinguishable on the basis of their @entity6478 sensitivities, their @entity4338 / @entity1219 response ratios, and their concentration-response relationships to @entity1219 . These results suggest that two salt-responsive systems are independently reformed after the nerve crush. The selective synapse reformation may account for recovery of behavioral discrimination between @entity1219 and @entity4338 after taste nerve crush and regeneration. It may also explain stable sensory coding for taste quality during the continuous turnover of receptor cells in the healthy animal.

title: Recovery of XXXX -sensitive neural coding during regeneration of the gustatory nerve: behavioral-neural correlation of salt taste discrimination.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['chorda tympani (CT) nerve']

entities_list: @entity6478 :: ('MESH:D000584', 'Chemical') :: ['amiloride']

answer: @entity6478 :: (MESH:D000584,Chemical) :: ['amiloride']


abstract: Angiogenesis represents a compensatory response targeted to preserve the integrity of tissues subjected to @entity63 . The aim of the present study was to examine whether reparative angiogenesis is impaired in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR), as a function of progression of @entity101 . In addition, the potential of gene therapy with @entity1 @entity40753 (HK) in revascularization was challenged in SHR and normotensive @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 (WKY) that underwent excision of the left femoral artery. Expression of @entity7 and HK was upregulated in @entity63 hindlimb of WKY but not of SHR. Capillary density was increased in @entity63 adductor muscle of WKY (from 266+/-20 to 633+/-73 capillaries/mm(2) at 28 days, P<0.001), whereas it remained unchanged in SHR (from 276+/-20 to 354+/-48 capillaries/mm(2), P=NS), thus compromising perfusion recovery as indicated by @entity1003 flow ratio (0.61+/-0.08 versus 0.92+/-0.07 in WKY at 28 days, P<0.05). In separate experiments, saline or 5x10(9) pfu adenovirus containing the HK gene (Ad. @entity2834 -cHK) or the beta-galactosidase gene (Ad. @entity2834 -LacZ) was injected intramuscularly at 7 days after the induction of @entity63 . Ad. @entity2834 -cHK augmented capillary density and accelerated hemodynamic recovery in both strains, but these effects were more pronounced in SHR (P<0.01). Our results indicate that native angiogenic response to @entity63 is impaired in SHR, possibly as a result of defective modulation of endothelial cell mitogens. Supplementation with @entity7199 , one of the growth factors found to be deficient in SHR, restores physiological angiogenic response utilitarian for tissue healing. Our discoveries may have important implications in vascular medicine for therapeutic benefit.

title: Rescue of impaired angiogenesis in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 by intramuscular @entity1 XXXX gene transfer.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity40753 :: ('3816', 'Gene') :: ['tissue kallikrein']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['reduced plantar blood']

entities_list: @entity7199 :: ('MESH:D007610', 'Chemical') :: ['kallikrein']

answer: @entity40753 :: (3816,Gene) :: ['tissue kallikrein']


abstract: Microvascular barrier integrity is dependent on bioavailable nitric oxide (NO) produced locally by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). Under conditions of limited substrate or cofactor availability or by enzymatic modification, eNOS may become uncoupled, producing superoxide in lieu of NO. This study was designed to investigate how eNOS-dependent superoxide production contributes to endothelial barrier dysfunction in @entity651 and its regulation. C57BL/6J @entity19 were challenged with intratracheal @entity558 . Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was analyzed for protein accumulation, and lung tissue homogenate was assayed for @entity13471 content and function. @entity1 lung microvascular endothelial cell (HLMVEC) monolayers were exposed to @entity558 in vitro, and barrier integrity and superoxide production were measured. Biopterin species were quantified, and coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays were performed to identify protein interactions with eNOS that putatively drive uncoupling. @entity19 exposed to @entity558 demonstrated eNOS-dependent @entity133 without evidence for altered canonical NO signaling. @entity558 -induced superoxide production and permeability in HLMVEC were inhibited by the NOS inhibitor nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, eNOS-targeted siRNA, the eNOS cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin, and superoxide dismutase. Co-IP indicated that @entity558 stimulated the association of eNOS with @entity8930 ( @entity8930 ), which correlated with augmented eNOS S-glutathionylation both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, @entity8930 -specific inhibition prevented @entity558 -induced eNOS modification and increases in both superoxide production and permeability. These data indicate that eNOS uncoupling contributes to superoxide production and barrier dysfunction in the lung microvasculature after exposure to @entity558 . Furthermore, the results implicate @entity8930 -mediated eNOS-S-glutathionylation as a mechanism underlying @entity558 -induced eNOS uncoupling in the lung microvasculature.

title: @entity8930 -dependent glutathionylation of XXXX leads to uncoupled superoxide production and endothelial barrier dysfunction in acute lung injury.

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['increased alveolar permeability']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory lung injury']

answer: @entity13471 :: (18127(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['endothelial NOS']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In @entity1 , invalid visual targets that mismatch spatial expectations induced by attentional cues are considered to selectively engage a right hemispheric "reorienting" network that includes the temporal parietal junction (TPJ), the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and the medial frontal gyrus (MFG). However, recent findings suggest that this hemispheric dominance is not absolute and that it is rather observed because the TPJ and IFG areas in the left hemisphere are engaged both by invalid and valid cued targets. Because of this, the BOLD response of the left hemisphere to invalid targets is usually cancelled out by the standard "invalid versus valid" contrast used in functional magnetic resonance imaging investigations of spatial attention. Here, we used multivariate pattern recognition analysis (MVPA) to gain finer insight into the role played by the left TPJ and IFG in reorienting to invalid targets. We found that in left TPJ and IFG blood @entity26 level-dependent (BOLD) responses to invalid and valid targets were associated to different patterns of neural activity, possibly reflecting the presence of functionally distinct neuronal populations. Pattern segregation was significant at group level, it was present in almost all of the @entity1 to the study and was observed both for targets in the left and right side of space. A control whole-brain MVPA ("Searchlight" analysis) confirmed the results obtained in predefined regions of interest and highlighted that also other areas, that is, superior @entity550 , show different patterns of BOLD response to valid and invalid targets. These results confirm and expand previous evidence highlighting the involvement of the left hemisphere in reorienting of visual attention (Doricchi et al. 2010; Dragone et al. 2015). These findings suggest that asymmetrical reorienting deficits suffered by right brain damaged @entity1 with left @entity1057 , who have @entity73 in contralesional reorienting and less @entity73 in ipsilesional reorienting, are due to preserved reorienting abilities in the intact left hemisphere.

title: The Response of the Left Ventral Attentional System to Invalid Targets and its Implication for the XXXX : a Multivariate fMRI Investigation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['parietal and frontal-polar cortex']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['severe impairments']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1057 :: ('MESH:D058069', 'Disease') :: ['spatial neglect']

answer: @entity1057 :: (MESH:D058069,Disease) :: ['Spatial Neglect Syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish the methods to get high activity, high purity, and adequate Schwann cells (SCs), and to provide sufficient seed cells for the peripheral nerve repair. METHODS: Six 5-day-old, male or female, @entity35 were selected and the sciatic nerve (control group) and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) (experimental group) were harvested. Then the sciatic nerves and DRG were digested by co-enzyme and dispersed by medium containing serum to isolate SCs. Freshly isolated SCs from @entity35 were cultured, purified and subcultured. The 1st generation of SCs were chosen to draw the growth curve of SCs by the counting method and to detect the proliferation of SCs by @entity98 assay at 8 days of culture, the purity of SCs by immunocytochemistry of anti-S-100 and the @entity2136 ( @entity2136 ) concentration by ELISA. RESULTS: A total of 36-43 DRGs could be obtained in each @entity35 . The number of obtained single SC in experimental group [(7.5 +/- 0.6) x 10(6)] was significantly higher than that in control group [(3.5 +/- 0.4) x 10(6)] (t = 13.175, P=0.000). SCs reached logarithm proliferation phase at 3 days. With time, the cell number and the proliferation absorbance (A) value of 2 groups all showed upward trend. The number and A value of experimental group were significantly higher than those of control group (P < 0.05). The SCs purity of experimental group (92.08% +/- 3.45%) was significantly higher than that of control group (77.50% +/- 3.57%) (t = 6.689, P = 0.001). The concentrations of @entity2136 at 3 days and 5 days in experimental group were significantly higher than those of control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The sufficient amount, high purity, and viability of SCs from DRGs can meet the needs of studies on peripheral nerve repairment.

title: [Study of isolation and purification of primary Schwann cells from different parts of nerve tissue in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity2136 :: ('24225(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['BDNF', 'brain-derived neurotrophic factor']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3957 ( @entity3958 ) has anti-fibrotic potential in lung, kidney and other organs. The exogenous @entity3958 is released from @entity8835 ( @entity8835 ) and can influence the renal @entity82 by blocking the differentiation of quiescent renal fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. But whether @entity3958 affects renal epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Our study is aimed at investigating the in vitro effects of @entity3958 on transforming growth factor-b1 ( @entity2533 )-induced EMT in renal tubular epithelial cells ( @entity1 cells) and the associated mechanisms. The induced EMT is assessed by Western blotting analysis on the expressions of @entity1970 , @entity5962 and fibronectin. @entity1 cells were treated with @entity8835 before incubating with @entity2533 to investigate its effect on EMT and the related molecular mechanism. Results demonstrated that @entity8835 decreased the expression of @entity1970 and fibronectin, and increased the expression of @entity5962 . @entity8835 reduced the expression of TGF-b receptor type I (TbR I) and TGF-b receptor type II (TbR II). In addition, @entity8835 attenuated @entity2533 -induced increase of @entity3546 expression and @entity3963 phosphorylation. Moreover, it inhibited the @entity2533 -induced nuclear translocation of bb-catenin. These effects of @entity8835 on fibronectin, @entity5962 and TbR I were abolished by the @entity3963 inhibitor @entity5732 or @entity3546 inhibitor @entity9949 , or @entity3546 siRNA interference. We get the conclusion that @entity8835 attenuated @entity2533 -induced EMT in @entity1 cells through both @entity3963 -dependent and @entity3546 -dependent pathways.

title: XXXX Inhibits Transforming Growth Factor-b1-Induced EMT via Wnt/Catenin Pathway.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity8835 :: ('MESH:C025451', 'Chemical') :: ['NaHS', 'sodium hydrosulfide']

entities_list: @entity3957 :: ('MESH:D006862', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrogen sulfide']

answer: @entity3957 :: (MESH:D006862,Chemical) :: ['Hydrogen Sulfide']


abstract: A case of a 37-year-old @entity1 with urinary retention secondary to @entity5827 is described. He was admitted to our hospital with complaints of @entity221 , @entity390 , @entity10 , and gait disturbance. He had begun treatment 1 week previously for high @entity221 , @entity10 and joint @entity158 at an outpatient department. On admission, neurological examination revealed neck stiffness, @entity508 and @entity427 of the extremities, @entity1183 of the lower extremities, and @entity2055 . A spinal fluid examination revealed @entity5827 . @entity1662 , @entity892 , @entity2026 , tetraparesis, and urinary retention appeared after admission. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head revealed no abnormal lesions. On the 2nd day of hospitalization, a Foley catheter was inserted for urinary retention. The @entity1 was treated with conservative therapy, and his symptoms gradually resolved. The Foley catheter was removed on hospital day 13, but @entity1494 was persisted. MRI of the lumbar spine revealed herniated lumbar discs at level @entity6357 , L4-5, and L5-S1, but the nerve roots were not compressed. The @entity1 was managed with clean intermittent catheterization for more than two weeks. Cystometry revealed @entity1494 . Nineteen cases of urinary retention secondary to @entity5827 have been reported in the previous literature. We reviewed their clinical presentation and treatment.

title: [A case of urinary retention secondary to XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['hypesthesia']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder dysfunction', 'atonic bladder']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity5827 :: ('MESH:D008582', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic meningitis']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['Disturbed consciousness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['hyperreflexia']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['ataxic gait']

answer: @entity5827 :: (MESH:D008582,Disease) :: ['aseptic meningitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) was one of the preferred treatments for @entity4720 . However, the motion of adjacent segment was significantly increased after operation. So cervical disc arthroplasty have been suggested to keep the motion of adjacent segment. A new implant named dynamic cervical implant (DCI) has been developed to keep the motion of adjacent segment. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 91 @entity1 treated for single level @entity3799 with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), dynamic cervical implant (DCI) and cervical total disc replacement (CTDR) between sep 2009 and Mar 2011 in our hospital. They were divided into three groups by surgical methods: ACDF group (group A, 34 cases), @entity21950 group (group B, 25 cases), CTDR group (group C, 32 cases). Operation time, intraoperative @entity190 , preoperative and postoperative JOA score and JOA recovery rate were compared among the three groups. Pre-and postoperative hyperextension and hyperflexion radiograms were observed to measure range of motion (ROM) of C2-7, operative and adjacent levels. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference in operative time, intraoperative @entity190 , and JOA recovery rate (P > 0.05) among three groups. But the differences of their postoperative JOA scores and preoperative JOA scores were of statistical significance (P < 0.05). Compared the pre-and postoperative ROM of C2-7, operative, upper and lower levels of each group respectively, the difference between preoperative ROM and postoperative ROM of group A were of statistically significant (P < 0.05), while was no statistically significant of group C (P > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between preoperative ROM and postoperative ROM of upper and lower levels in group B (P > 0.05), but had statistically significance of C2-7 and operative levels (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Three operations are effective therapies for single level @entity3799 . But each group has respective advantages and disadvantages.

title: Comparisons of three anterior cervical surgeries in treating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['cervical spondylotic myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity4720 :: ('MESH:D055009', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative cervical spondylosis']

answer: @entity3799 :: (MESH:D002575,Disease) :: ['cervical spondylotic myelopathy']


abstract: The results of jejunoileostomy performed on 130 extremely @entity28 @entity1 in 1972-1982 are presented. The mean preoperative body weight was 130.9 kg. The postoperative observation period was 2-10 years and in 85 cases it was more than 5 years. The Salmon-Scott technique of jejunoileostomy was used in 6 cases and the Payne-De Wind method in 124. Overweight was reduced from 118% to 30.4% of normal body weight (Broca Index). Weight reduction was classified as very good or good in 82% of the @entity1 . It was accompanied by @entity2915 and improved working capacity. Disturbed @entity1735 and lipid balances normalized and @entity1560 disappeared. The direct postoperative mortality was 3.8%, and another @entity1 died from long-term metabolic complications. Clinical symptoms of @entity7752 appeared in one @entity1 and were successfully managed with conservative treatment. Most other metabolic disturbances were transient and without clinical manifestations. They gradually subsided as adaptation progressed in the active intestinal remnant. Follow-up studies 5 to 10 years after jejunoileostomy showed that its therapeutic effects were lasting and the @entity1 were free from persistent @entity209 . In the authors' opinion, jejunoileostomy is an effective therapeutic method, though associated with certain risks.

title: Long-term results of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['liver steatosis']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity7752 :: ('MESH:D048550', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['increased psychosocial activity']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disturbance']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['jejunoileostomy for extreme obesity']


abstract: PURPOSE: The main objective of this study was to assess quality of life (QoL) and treatment satisfaction in a group of @entity1 with @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) and explore their needs regarding and their perception of QoL living with @entity6 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity1723 attending the outpatient endocrinology clinics of a reference hospital were invited to participate in a cross-sectional study. Clinical and sociodemographic data were obtained (interview and clinical records), and @entity6 -related QoL was assessed using a standardized questionnaire. In 67 @entity1 , satisfaction with treatment was also assessed, and an open interview was performed, assessing the impact of @entity6 , long-term worries, flexibility, restrictions, and self-perception of QoL. Descriptive statistical analysis, bivariate analysis, and multivariate analysis were performed in order to find factors associated with QoL. Interviews were analyzed and summarized questionwise. RESULTS: Mean @entity1 age was 31.4  11.6 years, @entity6 duration 14.2  9.3 years, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) 8.5%  1.9% (69  20.8 mmol/mol International Federation of Clinical Chemistry [IFCC]). The questionnaires showed good average QoL scores (94.6+22.9) and treatment satisfaction scores (25.7  6.7). QoL worsened with increasing HbA1c, female sex, severity of complications, and lower education (r (2)=0.283, P<0.005). In the open interview, 68.5% of the @entity1 reported that @entity6 had changed their lives, 83.5% identified complications as their most important long-term concern, and 59.7% said that they needed more training to manage the disease. CONCLUSION: Poor glycemic control, lower education, complications, and female sex are associated with worse QoL. Semi-structured interviews identified aspects not included in the standardized questionnaires.

title: Quality of life and XXXX : a study assessing @entity1 ' perceptions and self-management needs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['T1D', 'type 1 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['type 1 diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity1 with a first episode of @entity656 can develop recurrent or @entity1689 ( @entity1689 ). However, little is known about the incidence or risk factors for these events. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of 669 @entity1 with a first episode of @entity656 admitted to 15 Dutch hospitals from December 2003 through March 2007. We collected information on disease course, outpatient visits, and hospital readmissions, as well as results from imaging, laboratory, and histology studies. Standardized follow-up questionnaires were sent to all available @entity1 to collect information on hospitalizations and interventions for @entity660 , @entity490 , @entity6123 , @entity6 , medications, and @entity285 and @entity286 use. @entity1 were followed up for a median time period of 57 months. Primary end points were recurrent @entity788 and @entity1689 . Risk factors were evaluated using regression analysis. The cumulative risk was assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: Recurrent @entity788 developed in 117 @entity1 (17%), and @entity1689 occurred in 51 @entity1 (7.6%). Recurrent @entity788 developed in 12% of @entity1 with @entity253 , 24% of @entity1 with alcoholic etiology, and 25% of @entity1 with disease of idiopathic or other etiologies; @entity1689 occurred in 3%, 16%, and 10% of these @entity1 , respectively. Etiology, smoking, and necrotizing @entity788 were independent risk factors for recurrent @entity788 and @entity1689 . Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores at admission also were associated independently with recurrent @entity788 . The cumulative risk for recurrent @entity788 over 5 years was highest among smokers at 40% (compared with 13% for nonsmokers). For @entity285 abusers and current smokers, the cumulative risks for @entity1689 were similar-approximately 18%. In contrast, the cumulative risk of @entity1689 increased to 30% in @entity1 who smoked and abused @entity285 . CONCLUSIONS: Based on a retrospective analysis of @entity1 admitted to Dutch hospitals, a first episode of @entity656 leads to recurrent @entity788 in 17% of @entity1 , and almost 8% of @entity1 progress to @entity1689 within 5 years. Progression was associated independently with alcoholic etiology, smoking, and a history of @entity39 . Smoking is the predominant risk factor for recurrent disease, whereas the combination of @entity285 abuse and smoking produces the highest cumulative risk for @entity1689 .

title: Risk of Recurrent @entity788 and @entity1689 After a First Episode of Acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity6123 :: ('MESH:D045602', 'Disease') :: ['steatorrhea']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic disease']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary disease']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity55760 ( @entity55760 , Incel) restores drug sensitivity to cells expressing @entity1262 ( @entity70395 ). @entity11092 is expressed in a high proportion of @entity263 while @entity1262 expression is variable. Since @entity2664 (M) and @entity229 (P) are substrates for MDR transporters, we initiated a study to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of @entity55760 plus M/P in @entity1 with @entity263 ( @entity263 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Eligible @entity1 had progressive @entity263 (defined as new lesions, new disease-related @entity158 , or 50% increase in PSA within 6 weeks of entry), @entity251 <30 ng/ml, no prior chemotherapy, ECOG performance status of 0-3, and adequate organ function. @entity1 received @entity55760 (120 mg/m(2) per h) as a 72-h continuous intravenous infusion with intravenous bolus @entity2664 (12 mg/m(2)) administered 4 h after @entity55760 was started and @entity229 (5 mg twice daily) administered throughout the study treatment. Endpoints included serum PSA response, PSA response duration, time to PSA progression, @entity158 reduction, and quality of life measures. RESULTS: Enrolled in the study were 40 @entity1 and 184 courses of @entity55760 plus M/P were administered. Intensive pharmacokinetics, which were performed on six @entity1 who received one cycle of M/P alone, followed by @entity55760 plus M/P for all other cycles, showed that @entity55760 did not alter @entity2664 clearance. @entity55760 blood concentration at the time of @entity2664 administration averaged 4.52 microg/ml. @entity55760 plus M/P was well tolerated. @entity1209 and mild @entity1398 were the principal treatment @entity137 . Five @entity1 experienced an uncomplicated febrile neutropenic episode (12%), three had severe @entity390 / @entity391 , and two experienced transient moderate to severe @entity2055 . Of the 40 @entity1 , 12 (30%, 95% confidence interval 16-44%) had a reduction in PSA of >/=50% and 9 of the 12 @entity1 (23% overall, 95% CI 10-35%) achieved a reduction in PSA of >/=80% that was sustained for the duration of treatment with M/P plus @entity55760 . The median time to PSA progression was 41 weeks (95% CI 34-68 weeks). Of the 40 @entity1 , 15 completed treatment with stable disease and 13 had progressive disease with increasing serum PSA during study treatment. Median survival was 48 weeks for the intent-to-treat population of 40 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The addition of @entity55760 to M/P therapy did not appear to increase the proportion of @entity1 with significant serum PSA reductions compared to M/P alone. However, the duration of PSA response observed for the 12 PSA responders suggests that MDR inhibition may benefit some @entity1 with @entity263 . In addition to @entity11092 or @entity1262 expression, other mechanisms of drug resistance are probably associated with the relative insensitivity of @entity263 to cytotoxic therapy.

title: Safety and efficacy of the MDR inhibitor Incel (biricodar, @entity55760 ) in combination with @entity2664 and XXXX in @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate tumors', 'hormone-refractory prostate cancer', 'HRPC']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity70395 :: ('283871;8714', 'Gene') :: ['P-gp) and multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['Transient nausea/vomiting']

answer: @entity229 :: (MESH:D011241,Chemical) :: ['prednisone']


abstract: Selecting the proper treatment strategy for locally advanced @entity2 , such as @entity5 , is difficult. Therefore, obtaining an accurate diagnosis of @entity5 is required. It can be difficult to determine whether the @entity5 invades adjacent structures. We describe the case of a @entity1 easily diagnosed to be without aortic invasion using cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We herein report the case of an 80-year-old male who presented a @entity2 . The transbronchial lung washing cytology findings were consistent with those of @entity420 . In addition, the computed tomography findings indicated suspected aortic invasion of the @entity2 , as the mass girdled the descending aorta beyond 120   adjoining at a length of 10 cm. However, cine MRI display clearly demonstrated a clear area of isolation between the aorta and lung tissue based on differences in the heart rhythm from the @entity1 's @entity1576 . Therefore, the lesion was clinically diagnosed as a stage IIB (T3N0M0) @entity5 . Radiation was administered due to the @entity1 's advanced age and comorbidities such as @entity1030 . He remains alive without disease progression 6 months after the therapy. Our findings, therefore, indicate the usefulness of easily diagnosing the absence of aortic invasion in @entity1 with @entity2 using cine MRI without the need for a special software program.

title: Easy Diagnosis of Aortic Invasion in XXXX with @entity2 Using Cine Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'T4 tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'lung tumor']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory movements']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the efficacy of an aggressive systematic regimen for the treatment of acute @entity732 ( @entity732 ). METHODS: Eleven @entity1 who had unilateral @entity732 with symptoms of fewer than 48 hours' duration were treated with an aggressive stepwise systematic regimen until retinal circulation improved or until all the treatment steps were performed. Five @entity1 with unilateral @entity732 and symptoms of fewer than 48 hours' duration were treated in the same institution in an arbitrary nonsystematic manner. The therapeutic steps of the aggressive treatment included ocular massage, sublingual @entity3763 , intravenous @entity3791 , intravenous @entity2656 or oral @entity653 , anterior chamber paracentesis, intravenous @entity1667 followed by streptokinase, and retrobulbar @entity6116 . After each step, retinal flow was evaluated by three-mirror contact lens. The nonsystematic treatment was arbitrary and included one or several of the above. Visual acuity and complete eye examination data were recorded before and after treatment. RESULTS: Visual acuity and retinal arterial supply were improved in eight (73%) of the 11 @entity1 treated in the stepwise systematic manner. All eight @entity1 in whom visual acuity improved had symptoms for fewer than 12 hours, and the presumed cause was either platelet-derived or @entity165 embolus from @entity1856 or the @entity1 had @entity726 . @entity1 in whom visual acuity did not improve had @entity732 that was attributed to calcified emboli or primary @entity1701 and had symptoms more than 12 hours before treatment. Visual acuity did not improve in all five @entity1 with the nonsystematic treatment regardless of the presumed cause or duration of the occlusion. The success of the treatment in the systematic treatment group was statistically significantly better compared with the outcome of the nonsystematic treated group (Fischer exact test, P = .01). CONCLUSIONS: In the treatment of @entity732 , an aggressive systematic regimen including medical and mechanical means may reestablish retinal circulation and improve visual outcome. The cause of @entity432 , the nature of occlusive emboli, and the duration of @entity2479 may determine the visual outcome, but a larger series is warranted to verify the effectiveness of the treatment and the prognostic factors.

title: Aggressive systematic treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity3763 :: ('MESH:D007548', 'Chemical') :: ['isosorbide dinitrate']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3791 :: ('MESH:D000086', 'Chemical') :: ['acetazolamide']

entities_list: @entity6116 :: ('MESH:D014043', 'Chemical') :: ['tolazoline']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['antiphospholipid antibody syndrome']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity732 :: ('MESH:D015356', 'Disease') :: ['nonarteritic central retinal artery occlusion', 'CRAO']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity732 :: (MESH:D015356,Disease) :: ['central retinal artery occlusion']


abstract: Necrotic insults such as @entity410 are excitotoxic. Logically, membrane hyperpolarization by increasing outwardly conducting @entity972 channel currents should attenuate hyperexcitation and enhance neuron survival. Therefore, we overexpressed a small-conductance @entity460 -activated ( @entity31858 ) or voltage-gated ( @entity9400 ) channel via viral vectors in cultured hippocampal neurons. We found that @entity31858 or @entity9400 protected not only against @entity4176 or @entity2227 excitotoxicity but also increased survival after @entity17376 or @entity866 . In vivo overexpression of either channel in dentate gyrus reduced @entity4176 -induced @entity1400 lesions. In hippocampal slices, the @entity4176 -induced increase in granule cell excitability was reduced by overexpression of either channel, suggesting that these channels exert their protective effects during hyperexcitation. It is also important to understand any functional disturbances created by transgene overexpression alone. In the absence of insult, overexpression of @entity9400 , but not @entity31858 , reduced baseline excitability in dentate gyrus granule cells. Furthermore, while no behavioral disturbances during spatial acquisition in the Morris water maze were observed with overexpression of either channel, animals overexpressing @entity31858 , but not @entity9400 , exhibited a memory deficit post-training. This difference raises the possibility that the means by which these channel subtypes protect may differ. With further development, @entity972 channel vectors may be an effective pre-emptive strategy against @entity39 .

title: XXXX channel gene therapy can prevent neuron death resulting from necrotic and apoptotic insults.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic insults']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['staurosporine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity17376 :: ('MESH:D012966', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium cyanide']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['Potassium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the value of the myocardial perfusion imaging with 99Tc sestamibi (MIBI) with clinical data and stress EKG (SEKG) variables, in the detection of @entity256 ( @entity256 : lesion > 50%), in a group of @entity1 (pts) with @entity66 ( @entity75 above 70% in one epicardial artery), submitted to coronary angioplasty (PTCA) with stenting. POPULATION AND METHODS: Fifty-nine pts, followed prospectively, (49 males and 10 females aged 57 +/- 10) were submitted to 61 angioplasties, with dilatation of 59 vessels, and with stenting in 63 (1.07 stent/vessel). Clinical evaluation was performed in the first, third and sixth month, SEKG with MIBI in the fourth month and recatheterization for angiographic control in the sixth month. The pts were divided in two groups: R-positive @entity256 ( @entity256 )--14 pts: NR--without @entity256 --45 pts; the @entity256 rate was 23.7%. The @entity1 ' history, cause of admission, procedure characteristics, medication at discharge, clinical events during follow-up, variables of stress EKG associated with myocardial perfusion and angiographic control were analyzed. RESULTS: The cause of admission was the same in both groups (MI in R group: 28.6%; NR: 46.7%; p = ns). There was no difference in the discharge medication. The R group was more symptomatic (Angina: R = 50.0% vs NR = 11.1%; p < 0.001 clinical restenosis rate = 11.8%), and had more revascularization procedures (PTCA: R = 57.1% vs NR = 2.8%; p < 0.001/Bypass surgery: R = 14.3% vs NR = 0%; p = 0.01). This group had abnormal stress EKG more frequently (42.9 vs 20.0%, p = ns) and @entity63 in the myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (57.1 vs 6.7% p < 0.001). [table: see text] CONCLUSION: The clinical and diagnostic tests evaluated in this study showed a limited sensitivity in the detection of @entity256 in a group of @entity1 with @entity66 submitted to coronary angioplasty and stenting. @entity296 was the best method for the detection of @entity256 , showing a high specificity and a reasonable sensitivity.

title: [Angioplasty with stenting in XXXX : non invasive methods for detecting restenosis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial scintigraphy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['single vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['angiographic lesion']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['angiographic restenosis', 'AR']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['single vessel disease']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to describe acute @entity75 as a new @entity137 associated with @entity1311 , when it is delivered at high doses (> or =600 mg/m2) with stem cell support. A total of 129 @entity1 , included in clinical trials of @entity1311 -containing high-dose chemotherapy, were analyzed. A total of 114 @entity1 received @entity1311 at a dose of > or =600 mg/m2. Six @entity1 presented acute @entity75 starting between 7 and 23 days after @entity1311 treatment; two of them had received prior whole-brain irradiation. @entity1311 was given alone (one @entity1 ), with @entity786 and @entity900 (two @entity1 ), and with @entity786 and @entity900 plus @entity3600 (three @entity1 ). @entity149 consisted of rapid obtundation and @entity772 (five @entity1 ) and severe confusional picture with @entity10963 (one @entity1 ). Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed diffuse @entity62 (one @entity1 ) or multiple small @entity1188 (one @entity1 ), or it was normal (four @entity1 ). Other complementary tests, including cerebrospinal fluid analysis and electroencephalography, were nondiagnostic. An effect from concomitant psychotropic medications or from other organ toxicities was excluded in all @entity1 . Three @entity1 recovered after 8-15 days, either spontaneously (two @entity1 ) or after high-dose @entity230 (one @entity1 ). Three @entity1 died of irreversible @entity772 . Necropsy, performed in two @entity1 , showed generalized @entity62 and multiple brain parenchymal @entity1188 , respectively. No pharmacodynamic correlation between the occurrence of @entity75 and a pharmacokinetic parameter of @entity1311 could be identified. @entity1311 -containing high-dose chemotherapy can cause severe acute @entity75 . An aggravating effect from prior brain irradiation or concurrent @entity3600 seems possible.

title: Acute @entity75 : a new @entity137 associated with high-dose XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['Central nervous system toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter atrophy']

entities_list: @entity10963 :: ('MESH:D010259', 'Disease') :: ['paranoid ideations']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: @entity8142 ( @entity8142 ) signaling has been shown to have antipsychotic properties in animal models and to impact @entity413 -dependent insulin release, satiety, memory, and learning in @entity1 . Previous work has shown that two coding mutations ( @entity68470 and @entity68471 ) are associated with altered insulin release and @entity701 levels. We identified four frequently occurring haplotypes in Caucasians, haplotype 1 through haplotype 4, spanning exons 4-7 and containing the two coding variants. We analyzed response to antipsychotics, defined as predicted change in PANSS-Total (dPANSS) at 18months, in Caucasian subjects from the Clinical Antipsychotic Trial of Intervention Effectiveness treated with @entity1037 (n=139), @entity21886 (n=78), @entity1089 (n=14), @entity1090 (n=143), and @entity1280 (n=90). Haplotype trend regression analysis revealed significant associations with dPANSS for @entity1037 (best p=0.002), @entity21886 (best p=0.01), @entity1089 (best p=0.008), @entity1090 (best p=0.02), and @entity1280 (best p=0.007). We also evaluated genetic models for the two most common haplotypes. Haplotype 1 (uniquely including the @entity68471 [Leu(260)] allele) was associated with better response to @entity1037 (p=0.002), and @entity1090 (p=0.006), and worse response to @entity21886 (p=.03), and @entity1280 (p=0.003), with a recessive genetic model providing the best fit. Haplotype 2 (uniquely including the @entity68470 [Ser(168)] allele) was associated with better response to @entity21886 (p=0.001) and worse response to @entity1037 (p=.02), with a dominant genetic model providing the best fit. However, @entity8142 haplotypes were not associated with antipsychotic-induced @entity1017 . These results link functional genetic variants in @entity8142 to antipsychotic response.

title: XXXX ( @entity8142 ) haplotypes correlate with altered response to multiple antipsychotics in the CATIE trial.

entities_list: @entity21886 :: ('MESH:D010546', 'Chemical') :: ['perphenazine']

entities_list: @entity1280 :: ('MESH:C092292', 'Chemical') :: ['ziprasidone']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity8142 :: ('2740', 'Gene') :: ['GLP1R', 'Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity8142 :: (2740,Gene) :: ['Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The National Kidney Foundation has recommended that the @entity740 Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation replace the @entity8 ( @entity8 ) Study equation. Before implementing this change in the Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP), we compared characteristics of reclassified individuals and mortality risk predictions using the new equation. METHODS: Of 123,704 eligible KEEP @entity1 , 116,321 with data available for this analysis were included. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated using the @entity8 Study ( @entity470 ( @entity8 )) and CKD-EPI ( @entity470 ) equations with @entity1011 level calibrated to standardized methods. @entity1 were characterized by @entity470 category: >120, 90-119, 60-89, 45-59, 30-44, and <30 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2). Clinical characteristics ascertained included age, race, sex, @entity6 , @entity101 , @entity453 , @entity712 , @entity66 , @entity1095 , and @entity417 . Mortality was determined over a median of 3.7 years of follow-up. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity470 .73 m(2) was 14.3% compared with 16.8% using @entity470 ( @entity8 ). Using @entity470 (CKD-EPI), 20,355 @entity1 (17.5%) were reclassified to higher @entity470 categories, and 3,107 (2.7%), to lower categories. @entity1 reclassified upward were younger and less likely to have chronic conditions, with a lower risk of mortality. A total of 3,601 deaths (3.1%) were reported. Compared with @entity1 classified to @entity470 of 45-59 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) using both equations, those with @entity470 .73 m(2) had a lower mortality incidence rate (6.4 [95% CI, 5.1-7.7] vs 18.5 [95% CI, 17.1-19.9]). Results were similar for all @entity470 categories. Net reclassification improvement was 0.159 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The CKD-EPI equation reclassifies @entity1 at lower risk of CKD and @entity204 into higher @entity470 categories, suggesting more accurate categorization. The CKD-EPI equation will be used to report @entity470 in KEEP.

title: Comparison of the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) and XXXX ( @entity8 ) study equations: risk factors for and complications of CKD and mortality in the Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['MDRD', 'Modification of Diet in Renal Disease']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['eGFR(CKD-EPI) <60 mL/min/1', 'eGFR(CKD-EPI)', 'eGFR(CKD-EPI) of 60-89 mL/min/1', 'eGFR']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Kidney Disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Modification of Diet in Renal Disease']


abstract: Antiplatelet drugs have been shown to prevent a range of atherothrombotic events, including @entity4905 ( @entity4905 ) and @entity64 . @entity1397 and @entity1396 are @entity857 ( @entity857 )-receptor antagonists that inhibit @entity857 -induced fibrinogen binding to platelets, a necessary step in the @entity1423 process. The Antithrombotic Trialists' Collaboration recently published a major meta-analysis that assessed the effect of antiplatelet therapy in @entity1 with various manifestations of @entity731 . In total, this analysis included 135,000 @entity1 in comparisons of antiplatelet agents versus control and 77,000 @entity1 in comparisons of different antiplatelet regimens. This meta-analysis found that overall, antiplatelet therapy reduces the combined odds of @entity64 , @entity583 ( @entity583 ) or @entity204 by 22%, and that antiplatelet agents reduce the odds of a non-fatal @entity64 by 25% over a wide range of @entity1 with or without a history of @entity66 . In the CAPRIE trial of @entity1397 versus @entity117 ( @entity1281 ), there was a 10% odds reduction for @entity64 , @entity583 in favour of @entity1397 (p = 0.03). In a meta-analysis performed by the Cochrane @entity64 Group, @entity857 -receptor antagonist therapy significantly reduced the odds of a serious vascular event ( @entity64 , @entity583 ) by 9% (2p = 0.01) and of any @entity64 by 12%. The safety/tolerability profile of @entity1397 was superior to that of @entity1396 , and at least as good as that of @entity1281 . In CURE, a long-term benefit was observed with the use of @entity1397 on top of standard therapy (including @entity1281 in all @entity1 ), with a 20% relative risk reduction for the primary endpoint of @entity65 , @entity583 or @entity64 (p < 0.001) in @entity1 with @entity1459 and non-Q-wave @entity583 . A consistent benefit was seen across all @entity1 subgroups, including @entity1 with a previous history of @entity64 . More recently, CREDO has demonstrated the incremental benefit of prolonged use of @entity1397 on top of @entity1281 in @entity1 undergoing elective PCI, with a 27% reduction in the combined risk of @entity204 , @entity583 or @entity64 after 12 months of therapy (p = 0.02) and a 25% reduction in @entity64 over the same time period. The MATCH trial is currently being conducted to test the hypothesis that long-term administration of @entity1397 on top of @entity1281 is superior to @entity1397 alone for the reduction of major ischaemic events in @entity1 with recent @entity4905 or @entity64 who are at high risk of atherothrombotic recurrence. Further trials of @entity1397 on top of standard therapy (including @entity1281 ) are planned in neurology; these include SPS3, in @entity1 with small subcortical @entity64 , and ATARI, in @entity1 who have recently recovered from a @entity4905 .

title: Evidence with antiplatelet therapy and XXXX -receptor antagonists.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'ischaemic stroke', 'Stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI or vascular death', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity1396 :: ('MESH:D013988', 'Chemical') :: ['ticlopidine']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel', 'Clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity4905 :: ('MESH:D002546', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischaemic attack', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity857 :: ('MESH:D000244', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine diphosphate', 'ADP']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'vascular death']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death']

answer: @entity857 :: (MESH:D000244,Chemical) :: ['ADP']


abstract: It has been shown that high levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 and low levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 are associated with health maintenance in older @entity1 , but the few studies that have examined the relationship between exercise and plasma lipoprotein levels in this elderly population have been equivocal. In addition, there are no studies that examine the plasma lipoprotein response of two different types of exercise in a group of active but nonexercising @entity1 . Thus, the effects of exercise training on plasma lipoprotein levels in elderly @entity1 remain unclear. The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of endurance and resistance exercise on plasma lipoprotein levels in elderly @entity1 who were active but nonexercising prior to the study. A total of 45 healthy, active @entity1 , aged 70-87 years, were randomly assigned to either an @entity411 ( @entity411 , 76 +/- 5 years, n = 15), @entity3013 ( @entity3013 , 73 +/- 3 years, n = 15), or control (C, 74 +/- 5 years, n = 15) group. The @entity411 group walked 3 days a week at 70% heart rate reserve. The duration on day 1 was 20 minutes, and it was increased by 5 minutes each day until subjects were walking for 50 minutes (week 3). The exercise training session for the @entity3013 group consisted of one to three sets of eight repetitions of eight different exercises at an eight repetition maximum; the C group maintained normal activity. Weight and diet were unchanged across groups. The exercise interventions lasted 10 weeks. Blood samples were obtained from all subjects at week 0 and week 11. Training resulted in a significant decrease in 1-mile walk times and heart rate at completion of the walk for the @entity411 group and a significant increase in eight repetition maximum of all @entity3013 exercises. Both @entity411 and @entity3013 groups experienced increased HDL @entity165 and decreased triglycerides at week 11 compared with week 0. There were no positive changes in control lipoproteins. Both @entity1674 and the total @entity165 to HDL ratio increased significantly while total @entity165 , HDL @entity165 , and LDL @entity165 remained unchanged. The @entity3013 group also had significantly lower LDL @entity165 and total @entity165 compared with controls at week 11. Both @entity3013 and endurance training resulted in favorable changes to plasma lipoprotein levels for elderly @entity1 in only 10 weeks. The fact that this occurred without concurrent changes in weight or diet is an indication that high-intensity exercise alone can be used to modify lipoproteins in populations of healthy elderly @entity1 .

title: Effects of endurance training and XXXX on plasma lipoprotein profiles in elderly @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity3013 :: ('MESH:D060467', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'resistance training']

entities_list: @entity411 :: ('MESH:C538054', 'Disease') :: ['AT', 'aerobic training']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3013 :: (MESH:D060467,Disease) :: ['resistance training']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Faecalibacterium prausnitzii comprises 2 phylogroups, whose abundance in healthy and diseased gut and in conjunction with @entity526 has not yet been studied. This work aims to determine the contribution of F. prausnitzii phylogroups I and II in @entity1944 and to assess their potential diagnostic usefulness as biomarkers for gut diseases. METHODS: Total F. prausnitzii, its phylogroups, and @entity526 loads were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction targeting the 16S rRNA gene on biopsies from 31 healthy controls (H), 45 @entity1 with @entity30 ( @entity30 ), 25 @entity1 with @entity31 , 10 @entity1 with @entity1744 , and 20 @entity1 with @entity14 . Data were normalized to total bacterial counts and analyzed according to @entity1 ' disease location and clinical characteristics. RESULTS: Lower levels of both total F. prausnitzii and phylogroup I were found in subjects with @entity30 , @entity31 , and @entity14 (P < 0.001) compared with H subjects. Phylogroup I load was a better biomarker than total F. prausnitzii to discriminate subjects with gut disorders from H. Phylogroup II depletion was observed only in @entity1 with @entity30 (P < 0.001) and can be potentially applied to differentiate @entity1066 from @entity30 . No statistically significant correlation between @entity526 and any of the 2 F. prausnitzii phylogroups was found in any group of @entity1 or by @entity29 location. Phylogroup I was lower in active @entity1 with @entity30 , whereas those @entity30 with intestinal resection showed a reduction in phylogroup II. Treatments with @entity2983 and immunosuppressants did not result in the recovery of F. prausnitzii phylogroups abundance. CONCLUSIONS: F. prausnitzii phylogroup I was depleted in @entity30 , @entity31 , and @entity14 , whereas phylogroup II was specifically reduced in @entity30 . Quantification of F. prausnitzii phylogroups and @entity526 may help to identify gut disorders and to classify @entity29 location.

title: Changes in the Abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Phylogroups I and II in the Intestinal Mucosa of XXXX and @entity1 with @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal disease']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative pancolitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'colonic CD', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['mesalazine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['Inflammatory Bowel Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A considerable number of @entity1 suffer delayed @entity51 even after a successful removal of @entity4097 . The underlying pathology remains unknown. Radiological findings could be an explanation for poor outcome after surgery. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of all cases treated from 1980 to 2016 in our department. Included were all @entity1 with @entity4097 treated with microsurgical excision. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the spinal cord at the level of the former performed surgery was compared in MRI scans with follow up MRI scans, adjacent not affected levels and with control group. RESULTS: 54 @entity1 with an intramedullary spinal cord lesion were treated in this period. @entity424 was the predominant @entity5 (28) followed by @entity11 and @entity455 . Mean age was 48.2    10.5 years with a female predominance (f=16, m=12). An unfavorable outcome was observed in 53% of the @entity1 after an initially uneventful postoperative course. The follow up cross-sectional area of the spinal cord was significantly reduced in these @entity1 compared to adjacent not operated levels and control group. Sagittal and axial spinal MRI showed spinal cord narrowing due to @entity3202 in the area of the performed surgery in 53 % of @entity1 with @entity424 after a mean follow-up time of 9 years. Functional outcome in @entity424 was significantly associated with @entity602 (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity602 seems to be a predicting factor in long term outcome after surgical removal of @entity4097 .

title: Regional @entity602 is associated with poor outcome after surgery on XXXX : a new aspect of delayed neurological deterioration.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['resected ependymoma', 'ependymoma', 'Ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord atrophy', 'Spinal cord atrophy']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic changes']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['intramedullary gliomas']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity4097 :: ('MESH:D013120', 'Disease') :: ['intramedullary spinal cord ependymoma']

answer: @entity4097 :: (MESH:D013120,Disease) :: ['intramedullary spinal cord ependymoma']


abstract: During the perioperative period, gastric emptying rate and first-pass metabolism limit the use of peroral @entity1286 . Buccal mucosa appears to be a potential site for delivery of @entity1286 as it provides direct entry into the system circulation thereby avoiding the hepatic first-pass effect. However, the low permeability of the buccal epithelium results in a low flux of the drug. The use of a penetration enhancer is required to improve the bioavailability of the drug via buccal route. In this study, the enhancing effect of @entity18034 (GC) used at 10 mM and 100 mM concentrations on permeation of @entity33483 ( @entity7541 ) across the porcine buccal mucosa was studied in vitro. Furthermore, in conjunction with its permeation, accumulation of GC in the tissue with time was also studied in order to elucidate the relationship between GC and enhanced mucosal permeation of the drug. Franz diffusion cells were used in the experiments. Permeation of @entity7541 was increased in the presence of 100 mM GC with an enhancement factor of 9.3 whereas no enhancement was obtained with 10 mM GC. The calculated permeability coefficient for @entity7541 in the presence of 100 mM GC was 2.35 x 10(-5) cm/s. Accumulation of GC at 100 mM in the tissue appears to be more significant at 100 mM concentration which correlated well with the increased permeation of the drug. GC was diffused through the buccal epithelium significantly at 100 mM concentration. Interaction of GC with the tissue appears to be more significant at 100 mM concentration compared to 10 mM concentration, thus resulting in a significant enhancing effect.

title: In vitro studies on enhancing effect of @entity18034 on transbuccal permeation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity18034 :: ('CHEBI:36273', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium glycocholate']

entities_list: @entity33483 :: ('CHEBI:55340', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity33483 :: (CHEBI:55340,Chemical) :: ['morphine hydrochloride']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence of @entity1282 in @entity191 ( @entity191 ) in the outpatient setting and to determine what assessment criteria to use to select @entity1 with @entity1282 for referral to speech and language therapists. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty-four @entity1 with @entity191 and 80 age-matched controls were interviewed in clinic about their swallowing history and an objective swallowing test administered. All @entity1 were assessed over the next few weeks by an experienced speech and language therapist and @entity1282 rated according to a modified Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago @entity1282 Rating Scale and a novel global rating scale. The ability of various clinic criteria to predict @entity1 with severe @entity1282 were examined. RESULTS: @entity1282 for food was found in 30% of @entity1 , significantly more than in controls. Swallowing speed and bolus volume were significantly lower in @entity1 compared with controls and were correlated with declining Hoehn and Yahr score. Swallowing speed fell significantly on withdrawal of medication. The therapist's global rating score and Chicago score declined with Hoehn and Yahr score and duration of disease. However, only 10% of @entity1 required dietary advice and none needed gastrostomy or tracheostomy. Discriminant analysis showed that various combinations of clinic selection criteria were no better than the presence of @entity1282 for food at predicting which @entity1 had significant @entity1282 requiring advice from a therapist. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity191 should be questioned about @entity1282 for food on a regular basis and, if present, should be referred to a speech and language therapist for further assessment and treatment. The outcome of this protocol should be tested prospectively.

title: Referral criteria for speech and language therapy assessment of @entity1282 caused by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['Dysphagia', 'dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["idiopathic Parkinson's disease", 'IPD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['idiopathic Parkinson's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aortic distensibility index, as a measure of vascular function, can serve as a marker of @entity453 severity. This study explores the feasibility of using the non-invasively measured index as an indicator of severity of @entity3979 . METHODS: One hundred @entity1 with normal left ventricular systolic function were prospectively enrolled. They were subjected to assessment of aortic distensibility using computed tomographic angiography and transthoracic echocardiography. @entity453 severity and coronary artery @entity460 score were assessed. RESULTS: The mean age of the whole study cohort was 58 +/- 9 years, 63 (63%) being males. A significant inverse correlation was found between aortic distensibility measured using computed tomographic angiography and @entity1 ' age, systolic blood pressure, coronary artery @entity460 score and severity of @entity453 ( @entity850 ). However, there was no statistical correlation with the number of diseased coronary arteries. A strong direct correlation was recorded upon comparing aortic distensibility index values obtained using computed tomographic angiography and transthoracic echocardiography (r=0.325, P=0.004). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that an echocardiography-derived aortic distensibility index value of 6.65% is associated with significant (50% luminal stenosis) @entity453 with a sensitivity of 83%, specificity of 93%, positive predictive value of 97% and negative predictive value of 65%. CONCLUSION: Non-invasive assessment of aortic distensibility indices is a feasible procedure to predict significant @entity453 . Lower values are associated with significant obstructive @entity453 and high coronary artery @entity460 score.

title: Using aortic distensibility index to detect XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary artery disease', 'coronary artery disease', 'atherosclerotic coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['percent luminal stenosis']

answer: @entity3979 :: (MESH:D023921,Disease) :: ['coronary stenosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate @entity99 reperfusion injury (IRI) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten @entity35 were scanned at 7 Tesla (T) with DTI using b-value of 1000 s/mm(2) and 6 gradient directions before, 2 h, and 1 day after 30-min total hepatic IRI. Apparent diffusion coefficient or @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ), directional diffusivities and fractional anisotropy (FA) were measured. Seven of the animals were also examined with spin-echo echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with seven b-values up to 2000 s/mm(2) to estimate the true diffusion coefficient (D), blood pseudodiffusion coefficient (D), and perfusion fraction (f) using a bi-compartmental model. RESULTS: @entity1893 2 h after IRI (0.77 +/- 0.07 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s) was significantly lower (P < 0.01) than that before (1.03 +/- 0.07 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s) and 1 day after IRI (1.01 +/- 0.05 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s). Meanwhile, @entity70517 after IRI (0.33 +/- 0.03) was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than that before (0.21 +/- 0.02) and 1 day after IRI (0.20 +/- 0.02). The bi-compartmental model analysis revealed the transient decrease in D, D and f 2 h after IRI. Liver histology showed the multifocal cell swelling 3 h after IRI and widespread cell necrosis/apoptosis 1 day after IRI. Sinusoidal narrowing and congestion of erythrocytes were also observed 3 h and 1 day after IRI. CONCLUSION: DTI can characterize hepatic IRI by detecting the transient change in both @entity1893 and FA.

title: In vivo DTI assessment of XXXX reperfusion injury in an experimental @entity35 model.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'mean diffusivity']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic ischemia']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic ischemia']


abstract: It is still enigmatic under which circumstances cellular demise induces an immune response or rather remains immunologically silent. Moreover, the question remains open under which circumstances apoptotic, autophagic or @entity39 cells are immunogenic or tolerogenic. Although apoptosis appears to be morphologically homogenous, recent evidence suggests that the pre-apoptotic surface-exposure of @entity4015 may dictate the immune response to @entity5 cells that succumb to anticancer treatments. Moreover, the release of @entity518 ( @entity518 ) during late apoptosis and secondary @entity39 contributes to efficient antigen presentation and cytotoxic T-cell activation because @entity518 can bind to @entity2939 on dendritic cells, thereby stimulating optimal antigen processing. Cell @entity204 accompanied by autophagy also may facilitate cross priming events. Apoptosis, @entity39 and autophagy are closely intertwined processes. Often, cells manifest autophagy before they undergo apoptosis or @entity39 , and apoptosis is generally followed by secondary @entity39 . Whereas apoptosis and @entity39 irreversibly lead to cell @entity204 , autophagy can clear cells from stress factors and thus facilitate cellular survival. We surmise that the response to cellular stress like chemotherapy or ionizing irradiation, dictates the immunological response to dying cells and that this immune response in turn determines the clinical outcome of anticancer therapies. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent insights into the immunogenicity of dying @entity5 cells as a function of the cell @entity204 modality.

title: Immunogenic cell @entity204 modalities and their impact on XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity518 :: ('3146', 'Gene') :: ['high-mobility group box 1', 'HMGB1']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2939 :: ('7099', 'Gene') :: ['Toll like receptor 4']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: We aimed to detect new cases of konzo and monitor cyanogen exposure from @entity7243 flour in communities previously affected by konzo epidemics in Nampula Province, northern Mozambique. Other objectives were to detect subclinical upper motor neuron damage in schoolchildren and test a new kit to measure urinary @entity8875 concentration. In 1999 and 2000, we carried out active and passive case detection for konzo in Memba and Mogincual Districts. In July and October, 1999, we collected @entity7243 flour from 30 houses in three communities and measured cyanogen concentrations with a picrate kit. In October 1999, we examined all schoolchildren in three communities for ankle clonus and measured urinary @entity8875 concentration in thirty schoolchildren in each of five communities with a picrate kit. We found 27 new cases of konzo in Mogincual District. Mean total cyanogen concentrations in @entity7243 flour varied between both seasons and years, but were always high, ranging from 26 to 186 ppm. Very high mean levels at three sites in November 1998 and July 1999 were probably due to low rainfall in the 1997-1998 season. The proportion of schoolchildren with ankle clonus varied from 8 to 17%. The new picrate kit for urinary @entity8875 worked well; mean concentrations in schoolchildren ranged from 225 to 384 micromol x l(-1). Konzo and sub-clinical upper motor neuron damage persist in poor rural communities in northern Mozambique, associated with high cyanogen concentrations in @entity7243 flour and high urinary @entity8875 concentrations in schoolchildren.

title: Persistent konzo and cyanogen toxicity from XXXX in northern Mozambique.

entities_list: @entity8875 :: ('MESH:C031760', 'Chemical') :: ['thiocyanate']

answer: @entity7243 :: (3983,Species) :: ['cassava']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity102 ( @entity102 ) is the most common @entity455 , progressing in approximately 10% of cases toward chronic venous leg @entity1066 , whereas the @entity9595 gene ( @entity14398 ) @entity14399 mutation is the most common recognized genetic defect in @entity68 metabolism. Because @entity102 leads to local @entity68 overload in the affected legs, we investigated whether two common @entity14398 mutations could increase the risk of chronic venous leg @entity1066 . METHODS: This was a case-control study at the @entity455 Center, University of Ferrara, Italy. From a cohort of 980 consecutive @entity1 affected by severe @entity102 (CEAP clinical classes C4 to C6) we selected 238 cases with the exclusion of any other comorbidity factor potentially involved in wound etiology (group A). They were subdivided into group B, including 137 @entity1 with @entity1066 (classes C5 and C6: 98 primary and 39 postthrombotic cases), and group C, including 101 cases with no @entity272 (class C4). They were completely matched for sex, age, and geographic origin with 280 healthy controls (group D). A total of 518 subjects were polymerase chain reaction genotyped for @entity14398 mutations ( @entity14399 and @entity14397 ). We assessed the risk of @entity1066 by comparing the prevalence of @entity1066 in homogenous cases with and without the @entity14398 variants. Other main outcome measures were the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of the genetic test in @entity102 cases. RESULTS: @entity14399 mutation significantly increases the risk of @entity1066 in primary @entity102 by almost seven times (odds ratio, 6.69; 95% confidence interval, 1.45-30.8; P = .01). Application of the @entity14398 test in primary @entity102 demonstrated increased specificity and positive predictive values (98% and 86%, respectively), with negligible sensitivity and negative predictive values. CONCLUSIONS: The overlap of primary @entity102 and the @entity14399 mutation consistently increases the risk of developing venous leg @entity1066 . These data, which have been confirmed in other clinical settings, suggest new strategies for preventing and treating primary @entity102 . CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The number of @entity1 affected by primary @entity102 is so great that the vast majority of @entity1066 are also related to this common problem. On the other hand, there is not a reliable way for identifying in advance, from the broad base of primary @entity102 @entity1 (20-40% of the general population), the high risk minority (10% of primary @entity102 cases) who will develop a @entity3179 . In such cases, a simple @entity14399 blood genetic test demonstrated an elevated specificity in predicting @entity1066 development (98%, CI 95%, 92.8-99.7). The genetic test could be applied starting from the C2 class, varicose veins, the most common situation observed in clinical practice. In perspective, the presence of the @entity14399 mutation would strengthen the indications and priorities for surgical correction of superficial @entity4096 .

title: @entity9595 @entity14399 gene mutation increases the risk of venous leg XXXX .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular Diseases', 'vascular disorder']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcers', 'ulceration']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic venous disease', 'CVD']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['venous ulcer']

entities_list: @entity14397 :: ('p|SUB|H|63|D', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['H63D']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['venous insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity9595 :: ('MESH:D006432', 'Disease') :: ['hemochromatosis']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulceration']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background The prevalence of antimicrobial co-resistance among ESBL-producing Enterobactereaceae is extremely high in Israel. Multidrug-resistant @entity5609 strains (MDR-PM), resistant to almost all antibiotic classes have been described. The aim was to determine the risk factors for @entity281 caused by MDR-PM and clinical outcomes. Methods A retrospective case-control study. Adult @entity1 with PM @entity2259 during 7 years were identified retrospectively and their files reviewed for demographics, underlying diseases, Charlson Comorbidity Index, treatment and outcome. Results One hundred and eighty @entity1 with PM-bloodstream infection (BSI) were included; 90 cases with MDR-PM and 90 controls with sensitive PM (S-PM). Compared to controls, cases more frequently were from nursing homes, had recurrent hospital admissions in the past year and received antibiotic therapy in the previous 3 months, were bedridden and suffered from @entity1095 and @entity10189 (p   <   0.001). Two-thirds of the MDR-PM isolates were ESBL-producers vs 4.4% of S-PM isolates (p   <   0.001, OR   =   47.6, 95% CI   =   15.9-142.6). In-hospital crude mortality rate of @entity1 with MDR-PM BSI was 37.7% vs 23.3% in those with S-PM BSI (p   =   0.0359, OR   =   2, 95% CI   =   1.4-3.81). Conclusions PM @entity2259 in elderly and functionally-dependent @entity1 is likely to be caused by nearly pan-resistant PM strains in the institution; 51.8% of the @entity1 received inappropriate empiric antibiotic treatment. The crude mortality rate of @entity1 with MDR-PM BSI was significantly higher than that of @entity1 with S-PM BSI.

title: @entity281 caused by multi-drug resistant XXXX : Epidemiology, risk factors and impact of multi-drug resistance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['peptic ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity5609 :: ('584', 'Species') :: ['Proteus mirabilis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['bloodstream infections']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity5609 :: (584,Species) :: ['Proteus mirabilis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The current study reassesses the prevalence of @entity174 and lifetime costs in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Forty-two percent (391) of the @entity174 were at the neck of the femur, and 38.6  % (354) were inter-trochanteric @entity174 . The overall incidence was assessed to be 7528 (1,300,336 population 55  years or older) with the direct cost of SR564.75 million ( 150.60 million). A National @entity174 Registry and @entity170 awareness programs are recommended. PURPOSE: Proximal femur @entity174 are reported to be increasing worldwide due to increased life expectancy. The current study is carried out to assess the incidence of such @entity174 in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia and to assess the costs incurred in managing them annually. Finally, by extrapolating the data, the study can calculate the overall economic burden in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: The data of @entity174 was collected from 24 of 28 hospitals in the Eastern Province. The data included age, sex, mode of injury, type of @entity174 , prescribed drug (and its cost), and length of hospital stay. Population statistics were obtained from the Department of Statistics of the Saudi Arabian government Web site. RESULTS: Twenty-four hospitals (85  %) participated in the study. A total of 780 @entity174 were sustained by 681 @entity1 . Length of stay in the hospital averaged 23.28        13.08  days. The projected @entity174 rate from all the hospitals would be 917 (an incidence of 5.81/1000), with a total cost of SR68.77 million. Further extrapolation showed that the overall incidence could be 7528 (1,300,336 population 55  years or older) with the direct cost of SR564.75 million ( 150.60 million). CONCLUSIONS: @entity170 -related @entity3330 in Saudi Arabia are significant causes of morbidity besides incurring economic burden. We believe that a National @entity174 Registry needs to be established, and @entity170 awareness programs should be instituted in every part of Saudi Arabia so that these @entity1 can be diagnosed early and treated appropriately to reduce both the number of @entity174 and the economic burden of the @entity174 .

title: Reassessment of XXXX and economic burden in Saudi Arabia.

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fragility fractures', 'Fracture', 'fracture', 'fragility proximal femur fractures']

answer: @entity3330 :: (MESH:D005264,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis-related femoral fractures']