abstract: Continuous exposure to naturally-derived chemotherapy agents such as @entity2879 may theoretically override drug resistance due to overexpression of the multidrug resistance gene product, @entity1262 . @entity619 in high dose may have a similar overriding effect. Data also suggest that @entity1260 both by continuous infusion and when combined with a @entity902 compound may be more effective. Forty-four chemotherapy-refractory/relapsed @entity706 @entity1 received the DICE infusional regimen. The programme consisted of @entity619 40 mg i.v. daily for 4 days, @entity1260 1500 mg mixed with equal dosing of mesna continuously infused i.v. daily for 4 days, @entity900 25 mg i.v. each day for 4 days and @entity2879 150 mg continuously infused i.v. daily for 4 days, all administered every 3 weeks. Doses of @entity1260 and @entity2879 were escalated by 250 mg and 25 mg, respectively, based on @entity1 tolerance, usually lack of myelosuppression. Special hydration was not required. @entity1261 support was provided to @entity1 as required. All @entity1 had disease that had relapsed from or was resistant to @entity3726 or a similar @entity4349 -containing combination regimen. A majority had previously received at least two regimens and 27% had received three or more. Of 44 @entity1 , 32 (73%) achieved a significant response consisting of 18 complete remissions (CR) (41%) and 14 (32%) partial remissions (PR). There were 81% objective responses in large cell @entity706 comprised of 50% CR and 31% PR. Previous response to chemotherapy predicted response to DICE: 83% (25/30) of prior responders vs 50% (7/14) of non-responders had a response to the treatment regimen (p = 0.031, Fisher's exact test). @entity1 not undergoing transplantation had a median time of 8 months on therapy and a mean of 10 months. @entity137 was haematological (36% developing grade III-IV @entity137 ) and neurological (9%). There were only three episodes of clinical @entity2335 or gross haematuria. Infusional DICE is an easily administered and well tolerated programme with significant activity in refractory or relapsed @entity1893 and may be useful as a @entity5 -reductive therapy prior to high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation.

title: DICE ( @entity619 , @entity1260 , @entity900 , @entity2879 ) infusional chemotherapy for refractory or relapsed @entity1893 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['NHL']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few reports have shown an association between access type and inflammatory marker levels in a longitudinal cohort. We investigated the role of access type on serial levels of inflammatory markers and the role of inflammatory markers in mediating the association of access type and risk of mortality in a prospective study of incident dialysis @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study, post hoc analysis of the @entity454 ( @entity454 ) Study. SETTING _ @entity1 : In 583 @entity1 , @entity32 was assessed by measuring serum @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) and @entity650 ( @entity650 ) after access placement and at multiple times during 3 years' follow-up. Type of access was categorized as central venous catheter (CVC), arteriovenous graft (AVG), and @entity2548 ( @entity2548 ), and changes over time were recorded. PREDICTOR: Access type, age, sex, race, body mass index, @entity6 , @entity65 , and serum albumin level. OUTCOMES: @entity1851 level, @entity650 level, and mortality. MEASUREMENTS: We used mixed-effects pattern mixture models to study the association between access type and repeated measurements of @entity32 and survival analysis to investigate the association of access type and mortality, adjusting for predictors. RESULTS: In a mixed-effects pattern mixture model, compared with AVFs, the presence of CVCs and AVGs was associated with 62% (P=0.02) and 30% (P=0.05) increases in average @entity1851 levels, respectively. A Cox proportional hazards model yielded nonsignificant associations of CVC and AVG use (vs AVFs) with risk of mortality when adjusted for inflammatory marker levels. Higher @entity1851 levels were associated with increased risk of CVC failure than lower @entity1851 levels. LIMITATIONS: @entity1851 and @entity650 measurements not performed for all hemodialysis @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: CVCs, compared with AVFs, are associated with a greater state of @entity32 in incident hemodialysis @entity1 , and the association of catheter use and mortality may be mediated by access-induced @entity32 . Our findings support recommendations for the early removal or avoidance of CVC placements.

title: Vascular Access Type, Inflammatory Markers, and Mortality in  Incident Hemodialysis @entity1 : The Choices for Healthy  Outcomes in Caring for @entity454 ( XXXX ) Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['CHOICE', 'Choices for Healthy Outcomes in Caring for ESRD']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['AVF', 'arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['CHOICE']


abstract: @entity1118 after @entity0 treatment is a major clinical problem, affecting 25 to 60% of @entity1 . Development of @entity1118 after @entity0 treatment, as well as other surgical procedures, involves a complex pathophysiology that involves pre-, intra- and post-operative factors. This review is a systematic analysis on methodology and evidence in research into persistent @entity158 after @entity0 treatment during the period 1995 to 2010, in order to clarify the significance and relative role of potential risk factors. Literature was identified by a search in PubMed and OVID, as well as by obtaining relevant studies from a systematic review of reference lists. Sixty papers were identified, most of these being retrospective or questionnaires. Only 2 studies included quantitative sensory testing and only 26 studies were prospective. Furthermore, about a third of the studies did not apply modern principles of surgical and adjuvant therapy. In summary, the data show inconsistencies in definition of @entity1118 and treatment groups, as well as in the collection of pre- intra- and post-operative data, precluding conclusions with regard to pathophysiologic mechanisms as well as rational strategies for prevention and treatment. However, @entity16 and radiotherapy appear to be significant risk factors for @entity1118 . A proposal for the design of future prospective studies is presented. PERSPECTIVE: A comprehensive and systematic approach to research in @entity1118 after @entity0 treatment is necessary in order to understand the pathophysiology and thus develop strategies for prevention and treatment.

title: Persistent @entity158 after XXXX treatment: a critical review of risk factors and strategies for prevention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['nerve damage']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain', 'chronic pain']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Background. Metabolism in the @entity5 microenvironment can play a critical role in tumorigenesis and @entity5 aggression. Metabolic coupling may occur between @entity5 compartments; this phenomenon can be prognostically significant and may be conserved across @entity5 types. Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) play an integral role in cellular metabolism via @entity880 transport and have been implicated in metabolic synergy in @entity5 . The transporters @entity3195 and @entity3342 are regulated via expression of their chaperone, @entity8206 . Methods. We conducted a meta-analysis of existing publications on the relationship between @entity3195 , @entity3342 , and @entity8206 expression and overall survival and disease-free survival in @entity5 , using hazard ratios derived via multivariate Cox regression analyses. Results. Increased @entity3342 expressions in the @entity5 microenvironment, @entity5 cells, or stromal cells were all associated with decreased overall survival and decreased disease-free survival (p < 0.001 for all analyses). Increased @entity8206 expression in @entity5 cells was associated with decreased overall survival and disease-free survival (p < 0.0001 for both analyses). Few studies were available on @entity3195 expression; @entity3195 expression was not clearly associated with overall or disease-free survival. Conclusion. @entity3342 and @entity8206 expression correlate with worse prognosis across many @entity5 types. These results warrant further investigation of these associations.

title: Prognostic Indications of Elevated XXXX and @entity8206 across Cancer Types: A Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity3342 :: (9123,Gene) :: ['MCT4']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3528 is highly prevalent in kidney transplant recipients, and commonly results in hypercalcaemia; an association to @entity2331 and @entity174 has also been observed. @entity21453 has proved effective to control secondary @entity740 in both dialysed and non-dialysed @entity1 , with a low hypercalcaemia incidence. Currently available experience on @entity21453 use in kidney transplant recipients is scarce. Our main aim was to show the effect of @entity21453 on mineral bone metabolism in kidney transplant recipients with @entity3528 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective multicentre study in kidney transplant recipients aged>18 years with a 12-month or longer post-transplantation course, stable renal function, having received @entity21453 for more than 12 months, with available clinical follow-up for a 24-month period. RESULTS: A total of 69 @entity1 with a 120     92-month post-transplantation course were included. Baseline @entity1011 was 2.2  0.9mg/dl y GFR-MDRD was 36  20ml/min/1.73m(2). @entity21453 doses were gradually increased during the study: baseline 3.8  1.9 g/week, 12 months 5.2  2.4 g/week; 24 months 6.0  2.9 g/week (P<.001). Serum @entity461 levels showed a significant fast decline: baseline 288  152 pg/ml; 6  months 226  184 pg/ml; 12 months 207  120; 24 months 193  119 pg/ml (P<.001). Reduction from baseline @entity461 was >= 30% in 42.4% of @entity1 at 12 months y in 65.2% of @entity1 at 24 months. Alkaline phosphatase showed a significant decrease in first 6 months followed by a plateau: baseline 92  50 IU/l; 6  months 85  36 IU/l, 12 months 81  39 IU/l (P<.001). Overall, no changes were observed in serum @entity460 and @entity3151 , and in urine @entity460 excretion. @entity461 decline was larger in @entity1 with higher baseline levels. @entity1 with lower baseline @entity460 levels showed significantly increased levels (mean increase was 0.5-0.6mg/dl) but still within normal range, whereas @entity1 with baseline @entity460 >10mg/dl showed gradually decreasing levels. Fifteen (21.7%) @entity1 had received prior @entity3873 therapy. When shifted to @entity21453 , such @entity1 required @entity21453 doses significantly larger than those not having received @entity3873 . @entity21453 was used concomitantly to @entity4046 in 11 @entity1 with significant @entity461 reductions being achieved; clinical course was similar to other @entity1 and @entity21453 doses were also similar. CONCLUSIONS: @entity21453 is an effective therapy for @entity3528 in kidney transplant recipients. Overall, no significant changes were observed in @entity460 and @entity3151 levels or urinary excretion. @entity1 having previously received @entity3873 required higher @entity21453 doses. When used in @entity1 receiving @entity4046 , @entity21453 results in a significant @entity461 fall, with @entity21453 doses being similar to those used in @entity1 not receiving @entity4046 .

title: Effect of XXXX on mineral bone metabolism in kidney transplant recipients with @entity3528 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['bone fractures']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitriol']

entities_list: @entity3528 :: ('MESH:D006962', 'Disease') :: ['Secondary hyperparathyroidism', 'secondary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity21453 :: ('MESH:C084656', 'Chemical') :: ['Paricalcitol', 'paricalcitol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity4046 :: ('MESH:C476217', 'Chemical') :: ['cinacalcet']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

answer: @entity21453 :: (MESH:C084656,Chemical) :: ['paricalcitol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare nocturnal deactivation with nocturnal activation of the artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) to determine whether nocturnal deactivation reduces the risk of @entity194 and subsequent recurrent @entity322 . To the best of our knowledge, no review comparing these two approaches has been performed. METHODS: At the Mayo Clinic, all @entity1 are instructed to deactivate their AUS at night; at Baylor, all @entity1 keep their AUS activated all the time. At each institution, a group of consecutive @entity1 with comparable severe @entity322 after radical retropubic prostatectomy were selected; 61 and 46 @entity1 from the Mayo Clinic and Baylor, respectively, were available for review. All Mayo Clinic @entity1 strictly adhered to nocturnal deactivation of their AUS and all 46 @entity1 from Baylor kept their AUS activated at all times, except during voiding. Each @entity1 was reviewed for the long-term risk of subsequent reoperation, especially regarding recurrent @entity322 due to @entity194 . RESULTS: Seventeen (27.8%) of the 61 @entity1 from Mayo (mean follow-up 40 months) required a repeated operation. Of the 17 AUS failures, 6 (35%) were due to @entity194 . Of the 46 @entity1 from Baylor (mean follow-up 28 months), 16 (34.7%) required a repeated operation. Of the 16 AUS failures, 10 (62%) were due to @entity194 . Overall, the @entity1 who nocturnally deactivated their AUS had a 10% risk of @entity194 -related @entity322 compared with a 21% risk in the nocturnally activated group. CONCLUSIONS: Although not statistically significant, nocturnal deactivation appears to decrease the risk of @entity194 and recurrent @entity322 (10% versus 21%). Nocturnal deactivation should be considered in @entity1 who are dry at night and have sufficient motivation to lessen the risk of @entity194 secondary to cuff compression.

title: Does nocturnal deactivation of the artificial urinary sphincter lessen the risk of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['urethral atrophy', 'atrophy']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

answer: @entity194 :: (MESH:D001284,Disease) :: ['urethral atrophy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the intraocular pressure-lowering effect and safety of viscocanalostomy and trabeculectomy with @entity1138 . METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 with bilateral primary @entity1538 were enrolled in a prospective clinical study. The eyes of each @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive viscocanalostomy in one eye and trabeculectomy with @entity1138 in the other eye. The @entity1 were followed up for 12 months. At each visit, best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and the appearance of the surgical wound, anterior chamber, and indirect ophthalmoscopy were recorded. RESULTS: The mean baseline intraocular pressure was 25.0+/-2.2 mmHg in @entity735 and 24.8+/-2.6 mmHg in trabeculectomy-treated eyes. The mean postoperative intraocular pressure was 15.3+/-1.7 mmHg, 17.1+/-1.5 mmHg, and 17.1+/-1.5 mmHg in @entity735 and 11.7+/-4.4 mmHg, 11.8+/-4.6 mmHg, and 12.6+/-4.3 mmHg in trabeculectomy-treated eyes at 3-, 6- and 12-month intervals, respectively. The mean intraocular pressure in @entity735 was significantly higher than that in trabeculectomy-treated eyes at every visit (P<0.0001). At 12 months, 16 @entity735 (64%) and 22 trabeculectomy-treated eyes (88%) achieved an intraocular pressure of less than or equal to 20 mmHg without medication; there was a significant difference between the two groups (P=0.0240). There were fewer complications in @entity735 . Complications included four cases of @entity8707 (16%) and five of @entity8814 (20%) in trabeculectomy-treated eyes, against intraoperative microperforation of Descemet's membrane in one of @entity735 (4%). CONCLUSION: Trabeculectomy with @entity1138 may be more effective than viscocanalostomy in lowering intraocular pressure in @entity1 with primary @entity1538 , while eyes undergoing viscocanalostomy experience a lower incidence of complications. Further investigation of more cases is needed.

title: A comparison of the intraocular pressure-lowering effect and safety of viscocanalostomy and trabeculectomy with @entity1138 in bilateral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity8707 :: ('MESH:C535679', 'Disease') :: ['shallow anterior chamber']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['viscocanalostomy-treated eye', 'viscocanalostomy-treated eyes']

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['open-angle glaucoma']


abstract: Prospective study was conducted in order to investigate the relationship between cognitive and @entity146 and falls in @entity303 . Falls and fall-related @entity174 were studied in 154 ambulatory @entity1 who were admitted to a geriatric intermediate nursing facility with a @entity195 ( @entity195 ) or mixed @entity1294 (MIX). The Mini-Mental State (MMS) was used for the evaluation of cognitive status, and the @entity146 Disturbance Scale (DBD) was used as a behavioral parameter. In order to evaluate problematic behavior in walking, a derivative scale (DBD-W) was developed from the DBD by choosing three items relevant to wandering. During the 3 months of observation, 61 @entity1 fell more than once; 15 of them experienced @entity174 . The mean MMS scores were higher in non fallers, fallers who did not sustain @entity174 and those complicated with @entity174 , in that order, and the difference between the non fallers and fallers with @entity174 was statistically significant. When the subjects were divided into three subgroups on the basis of the MMS scores, there was a trend toward a higher ratio of fallers or those complicated with @entity174 in the subgroup with the lower MMS score. The DBD and DBD-W scores were not associated with falls or @entity174 , although fallers had a slightly higher DBD or DBD-W score than non fallers. These findings suggest that the risk of falling or @entity174 becomes higher with the advance of @entity73 in institutionalized ambulatory @entity1 with @entity195 or MIX. The findings also suggest that @entity146 are not necessarily associated with falls or @entity174 .

title: [Relationship between @entity73 , XXXX and falls in @entity1 with @entity303 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral disturbances', 'Dementia Behavior']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer and vascular dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['DAT', "diagnosis of Alzheimer's type dementia"]

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['behavioral disturbances']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A set of symptoms common across @entity5 has been proposed to enhance quality of care and clinical research in solid @entity5 @entity1 . Using data from several clinical studies, this study evaluated these symptoms in primary @entity1313 @entity1 . METHODS: Symptom report data using the MD Anderson Symptom Instrument -Brain Tumor (MDASI-BT) from 621 @entity1 enrolled in 8 clinical studies was used. The prevalence and severity of symptoms were reported as they relate to @entity5 grade, treatment stage and KPS. RESULTS: The sample was primarily white (82.5%) males (59%) with high-grade @entity11 (75%). More than 50% of @entity1 reported at least 10 concurrent symptoms, and 40% of @entity1 reporting having at least 3 moderate-to-severe symptoms. Fatigue, drowsiness, difficulty remembering, disturbed sleep, and distress were the most severe symptoms reported by all @entity5 grades. Functional interference of symptoms with ability to work, perform activities, walk, and enjoy life was reported by more than 25% of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: These results support a core set of symptoms, common in other solid @entity5 @entity1 , that may impact clinical care and assessment of treatment benefit. Although only 5 of the Center for Medical Technology Policy list of proposed core symptoms met criteria for inclusion in this sample, 5 of the other proposed core symptoms were also reported in similar frequency as reported in the other @entity5 populations. This primary @entity1313 population differed from other solid @entity5 @entity1 in that other symptoms, which could be disease related, were more prevalent and thus should also be collected for these @entity1 .

title: The symptom burden of primary XXXX : evidence for a core set of @entity5 - and treatment-related symptoms.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) enables quantification of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow and total cerebral blood (tCBF) flow and may be of value for the etiological diagnosis of @entity179 . This investigation aimed to study CSF flow and intracerebral vascular flow in @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity195 ) and @entity1 with @entity73 ( @entity73 ) and to compare the results with @entity1 with @entity5083 ( @entity5083 ) and with healthy elderly volunteers ( @entity4973 ). METHODS: Ten @entity73 and 9 mild @entity195 @entity1 were identified in a comprehensive neurological and neuropsychological assessment. They underwent brain MRI; PC-MRI pulse sequence was performed with the following parameters: two views per segment; @entity1182 angle: 25   for vascular flow and 20   for CSF flow; field-of-view (FOV): 14   14 mm  ; matrix: 256   128; slice thickness: 5 mm; with one excitation for exams on the 3 T machine, and 2 excitations for the 1.5 T machine exams. Velocity (encoding) sensitization was set to 80 cm/s for the vessels at the cervical level, 10 or 20 cm/s for the aqueduct and 5 cm/s for the cervical subarachnoid space (SAS). Dynamic flow images were analyzed with in-house processing software. The @entity1 ' results were compared with those obtained for HEVs (n = 12), and for @entity5083 @entity1 (n = 13), using multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Arterial tCBF and the calculated pulsatility index were significantly greater in @entity73 @entity1 than in HEVs. In contrast, vascular parameters were lower in @entity5083 @entity1 . Cervical CSF flow analysis yielded similar values for all four populations. Aqueductal CSF @entity64 volumes (in  l per cardiac cycle) were similar in HEVs (34    17) and @entity195 @entity1 (39    18). In contrast, the aqueductal CSF was hyperdynamic in @entity73 @entity1 (73    33) and even more so in @entity5083 @entity1 (167    89). CONCLUSION: Our preliminary data show that @entity73 @entity1 present with high systolic arterial peak flows, which are associated with higher mean total cerebral arterial flows. @entity8468 are within normal range in @entity195 and higher than normal in @entity5083 . This study provides an original dynamic vision of cerebral @entity179 , consistent with the vascular theory for @entity195 , and supporting primary flow disturbances different from those observed in @entity5083 .

title: Cerebrospinal fluid and blood flow in mild @entity73 and XXXX : a differential diagnosis from @entity5083 .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['a-MCI', 'amnesic mild cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity8468 :: ('OMIM:600791', 'Disease') :: ['Aqueductal CSF oscillations']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity5083 :: ('MESH:D006850', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus', 'NPH']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4262 ( @entity4262 ) is characterized by the triad of @entity18299 ( @entity18299 ), @entity4903 , and caf  -au-lait skin pigmentation. Ninety percent of @entity4262 @entity1 have @entity82 ( @entity82 ) @entity2122 . @entity2530 of the jaw (ONJ) has been described as an adverse side effect of @entity5520 therapy. The aim of the study was to investigate evidence of clinical and/or radiological signs of ONJ in @entity82 / @entity4262 pediatric @entity1 due to @entity5520 therapy and describe odontoiatric tools in this population. METHODS: Thirteen @entity82 / @entity4262 @entity1 were enrolled. All @entity1 during pediatric age have been treated with @entity5279 infusions. They underwent complete oral clinical examination. Ortopantomography and/or CT were evaluated in all cases. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: No @entity1 developed ONJ. None of them showed radiological signs different from jaw @entity82 . In spite of the low number of @entity1 enrolled, results confirm that, in this population, ONJ can be ruled out as a chronic adverse side effect of @entity5520 therapy.

title: Odontoiatric perspectives and @entity2530 of the jaw as a possible adverse effect of bisphosphonates therapy in @entity82 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial lesions']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous dysplasia', 'FD']

entities_list: @entity5279 :: ('MESH:C019248', 'Chemical') :: ['pamidronate']

entities_list: @entity18299 :: ('MESH:D001848', 'Disease') :: ['PFD', 'polyostotic bone fibrous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity4262 :: ('MESH:D005359', 'Disease') :: ['MAS', 'McCune-Albright syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5520 :: ('D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonate']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['endocrine disorders']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['Osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity4262 :: (MESH:D005359,Disease) :: ['McCune-Albright syndrome']


abstract: @entity295 is defined as the systemic inflammatory response to @entity281 . @entity3900 ( @entity3900 ) plays an important role in @entity32 processes by initiating the production of inflammatory mediators. The role of cytosolic PLA ( @entity3901 ) has not yet been identified in inflammatory and infectious disease clinical settings. The aim of the present research was to determine whether @entity3901 ) activity has a role during @entity295 . Since neutrophil activation has been documented during @entity295 , these cells were chosen as a model to evaluate the function of @entity3901 ) in this clinical setting. @entity3901 )was studied at 3 levels: activity, protein expression, and messenger RNA (mRNA). Neutrophils from 32 septic @entity1 with and without @entity2259 were examined. @entity3901 ) activity was measured using labeled @entity2434 vesicles as a substrate, and total @entity3900 was determined by the release of labeled @entity1426 from prelabeled cells. A significant increase in @entity3901 activity, protein expression, and total @entity3900 activity in neutrophils was detected during @entity295 . mRNA levels, detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, were significantly higher during @entity295 , indicating that the increase in the amount of @entity3901 ) is regulated on the mRNA level. The significant elevation of @entity3901 ) activity and expression in neutrophils during @entity295 suggests that this enzyme plays a major role in neutrophil function in this clinical setting. (Blood. 2000;95:660-665)

title: Elevated cytosolic XXXX expression and activity in @entity1 neutrophils during @entity295 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Sepsis']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidyl choline']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity3900 :: (151056,Gene) :: ['phospholipase A(2)']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2753 represents an independent risk factor for @entity170 and @entity174 , affecting both bone density and quality. A direct stimulation of bone resorption in the presence of reduced extracellular @entity1372 concentrations ([ @entity4024 ]) has been shown, but the effects of low [ @entity4024 ] on osteoblasts have not been elucidated. We investigated the effects of a chronic reduction of extracellular [ @entity4024 ], independently of osmotic stress, on @entity1 mesenchymal stromal cells ( @entity16591 ) from bone marrow, the common progenitor for osteoblasts and adipocytes. @entity16591 adhesion and viability were significantly inhibited by reduced [ @entity4024 ], but their surface antigen profile and immuno-modulatory properties were not altered. In low [ @entity4024 ], @entity16591 were able to commit toward both the osteogenic and the adipogenic phenotypes, as demonstrated by differentiation markers analysis. However, the dose-dependent increase in the number of adipocytes as a function of reduced [ @entity4024 ] suggested a preferential commitment toward the adipogenic phenotype at the expense of osteogenesis. The amplified inhibitory effect on the expression of osteoblastic markers exerted by adipocytes-derived conditioned media in low [ @entity4024 ] further supported this observation. The analysis of cytoskeleton showed that low [ @entity4024 ] were associated with disruption of tubulin organization in @entity16591 -derived osteoblasts, thus suggesting a negative effect on bone quality. Finally, @entity16591 -derived osteoblasts increased their expression of factors stimulating osteoclast recruitment and activity. These findings confirm that @entity2753 should be carefully taken into account because of its negative effects on bone, in addition to the known neurological effects, and indicate for the first time that impaired osteogenesis may be involved.

title: Low extracellular @entity1372 promotes adipogenic commitment of @entity1 mesenchymal stromal cells: a novel mechanism for chronic XXXX -induced bone loss.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia', 'Hyponatremia']

answer: @entity2753 :: (MESH:D007010,Disease) :: ['hyponatremia']


abstract: AIMS: To study long-term, whole population 'real-world' clinical outcomes of ranibizumab therapy in treatment-na  ve eyes for neovascular age-related @entity1020 . METHODS: Data collected prospectively from a single centre serving a defined population using an electronic medical record included: demographics, Early Treatment @entity6 Study visual acuity (ETDRS @entity22066 ) at all visits, injection dates, central 1   mm retinal thickness, and @entity260 . RESULTS: 1483 eyes from 1278 @entity1 were included in this study. The median age at the time of the @entity1 's first injection was 82.5   years, 64.9% of @entity1 were female, and another ocular pathology was present in 7.3% eyes. The baseline @entity22066 was 23-39, 40-54, 55-70 and >70 ETDRS letters for 17.3%, 23.1%, 42.7% and 16.9% of eyes, respectively. The median @entity22066 in all baseline @entity22066 groups improved after the loading phase but declined back to the baseline level by 2-5   years. The rate of @entity3225 following intravitreal injection was 1 in 2124 injections. CONCLUSIONS: These long-term real-world data demonstrate that in general @entity22066 increases during the loading phase but returns to near baseline levels after 2-5   years of treatment for each baseline @entity22066 category. @entity1 should be identified and treated as early as possible, since presenting @entity22066 predicts the @entity22066 maintained after 5   years of treatment. National Institute of Health and Care Excellence guidance advising treatment only for eyes with vision below 70 letters does not promote best long-term @entity22066 outcomes for @entity1 .

title: Long-term outcomes of intravitreal ranibizumab for neovascular age-related XXXX in a well defined region of the UK.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['operative and postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['macular degeneration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Schizotypy is a range of perceptual experiences and personality features related to risk and familial predisposition to @entity716 . Despite evidence that schizotypy is related to @entity716 vulnerability, very little is known about the expression of schizotypal traits in individuals with a @entity914 , and their relationship to clinical symptoms, cognition, and psychosocial functioning. METHODS: 59 healthy subjects and 68 @entity1 with a @entity914 (47 @entity161 spectrum disorder; 21 @entity162 with @entity716 features) completed four schizotypy scales, the Perceptual Aberration Scale, the Revised Physical and Social Anhedonia Scales, and the @entity20546 Questionnaire, a brief neuropsychological assessment, and a self-report measure of quality of life. Clinical symptoms of @entity716 were quantified in @entity1 with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). RESULTS: @entity716 @entity1 scored higher than healthy subjects on all schizotypy scales. Correlations between schizotypy and PANSS scores were modest, ranging from r=.06 to r=.43, indicating that less than 20% of the variance in self-reported schizotypy overlapped with clinical symptoms. After controlling for clinical symptoms, @entity1 with @entity161 spectrum disorders reported higher levels of @entity73 and negative traits than @entity1 with @entity162 . Elevated schizotypy was associated with lower cognitive functioning and self-reported quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Schizotypal personality traits are markedly elevated in @entity914 , especially @entity161 spectrum disorders, relatively weakly correlated with positive and negative @entity716 , and associated with greater @entity73 and lower quality of life. Assessing schizotypy in @entity1 with @entity716 may be useful for predicting functional outcome and differential diagnosis.

title: Schizotypy and clinical symptoms, cognitive function, and quality of life in individuals with a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive-perceptual disturbances']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorder', 'psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity20546 :: ('MESH:D012569', 'Disease') :: ['Schizotypal Personality']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic symptoms', 'psychotic', 'Psychosis', 'psychosis']

answer: @entity914 :: (MESH:D011618,Disease) :: ['psychotic disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In randomised trials of medical interventions, the most reliable analysis follows the intention-to-treat (ITT) principle. However, the ITT analysis requires that missing outcome data have to be imputed. Different imputation techniques may give different results and some may lead to bias. In anti- @entity28 drug trials, many data are usually missing, and the most used imputation method is last observation carried forward (LOCF). LOCF is generally considered conservative, but there are more reliable methods such as @entity156 ( @entity156 ). OBJECTIVES: To compare four different methods of handling missing data in a 60-week placebo controlled anti- @entity28 drug trial on @entity1771 . METHODS: We compared an analysis of complete cases with datasets where missing body weight measurements had been replaced using three different imputation methods: LOCF, baseline carried forward (BOCF) and @entity156 . RESULTS: 561 @entity1 were randomised. Compared to placebo, there was a significantly greater weight loss with @entity1771 in all analyses: 9.5 kg (SE 1.17) in the complete case analysis (N=86), 6.8 kg (SE 0.66) using LOCF (N=561), 6.4 kg (SE 0.90) using @entity156 (N=561) and 1.5 kg (SE 0.28) using BOCF (N=561). CONCLUSIONS: The different imputation methods gave very different results. Contrary to widely stated claims, LOCF did not produce a conservative (i.e., lower) efficacy estimate compared to @entity156 . Also, LOCF had a lower SE than @entity156 .

title: Comparison of results from different imputation techniques for missing data from an anti- XXXX drug trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1771 :: ('MESH:C052342', 'Chemical') :: ['topiramate']

entities_list: @entity156 :: ('MESH:D000015', 'Disease') :: ['MI', 'multiple imputation']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: The present clinical study implements a novel interventional strategy of short-term profound and selective blockade of GH receptors to reduce plasma insulin-like growth factor I ( @entity442 ) concentrations reversibly in healthy eumetabolic adults. Thereby, we examine the feedback role of systemic @entity442 on GH secretion without introducing the complex metabolic disarray that can otherwise accompany secondary @entity442 deprivation. To this end, we sampled blood at 10-min intervals for 10 h overnight in 8 @entity1 (aged 19-46 yr) and 4 @entity1 (aged 19-39 yr) to quantitate endogenous GH secretion and half-life 72 h after the prospective, randomly ordered, double blind, and within-subject cross-over administration of pegvisomant (1 mg/kg) or saline (0.5 mL) sc. Pegvisomant is an oligopegylated recombinant @entity1 GH peptide mutated to antagonize @entity9045 -dependent signaling. Statistical analyses of paired plasma @entity442 concentrations and deconvolution-based quantitation of pulsatile GH secretion revealed that @entity9045 blockade 1) suppressed fasting total @entity442 concentrations by 31%, viz. from (mean +/- SEM) 276 +/- 42 (placebo) to 190 +/- 20 microg/L (pegvisomant; P = 0.006) 84 h after drug injection; 2) increased the 10-h mean serum GH concentration by 71% from 1.4 +/- 0.33 (placebo) to 2.4 +/- 0.58 (pegvisomant; P = 0.024); 3) augmented the amplitude of underlying GH secretory bursts by 2.1-fold (i.e. from 0.13 +/- 0.032 to 0.27 +/- 0.076 microg/L.min; P = 0.0088); and 4) elevated the basal/nonpulsatile rate of GH secretion by 2.5-fold (from 2.3 +/- 0.77 to 5.07 +/- 1.8 microg/L.10 h; P = 0.022). The rise in the amplitude of GH secretory bursts correlated with the fall in plasma @entity442 concentrations (r = 0.603; P = 0.038). In contrast, @entity442 depletion did not alter GH secretory pulse frequency, half-duration, interpulse interval, percentage of pulsatile GH release, or half-life of endogenous GH. In summary, selective short-term reduction of systemic @entity442 concentrations in healthy eumetabolic adults drives GH secretion via the specific bipartite neuroregulatory mechanism of amplified GH secretory burst amplitude and elevated basal/nonpulsatile GH release. Endogenous GH half-life and frequency-related features of pulsatile GH secretion are not measurably affected, thus identifying a highly distinctive mode of @entity442 feedback-dependent control of GH output. As the increment in GH secretory burst amplitude correlated with the decrement in plasma @entity442 concentrations, we infer that variations in circulating @entity442 availability within the adult midphysiological range can influence pulsatile and basal GH production by way of negative feedback. Based on data in experimental animals, we speculate that the negative feedback actions of systemic @entity442 on GH secretion are mediated via increased hypothalamic @entity1943 release, decreased @entity7704 (or GH-releasing peptide) secretion, and/or suppressed pituitary GH biosynthesis.

title: Lowering total plasma insulin-like growth factor I concentrations by way of a novel, potent, and selective @entity9045 antagonist, pegvisomant (B2036-peg), augments the amplitude of GH secretory bursts and elevates basal/nonpulsatile GH release in healthy XXXX and @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Endoscopy provides a safe and effective way of treating @entity2122 . This approach permits not only complete @entity5 , but also reconstruction of the bony boundaries as necessary. @entity1181 is a rare, osteogenic @entity5 that usually grows slowly and asymptomatically. It is the most frequent benign @entity5 of the nose and paranasal sinuses. Orbital extension is a rare event that can give rise to ocular signs and symptoms; in such a case treatment is mandatory, although debate persists regarding the optimal approach. We report the case of a @entity2694 that was treated using an endoscopic trans-nasal approach. The medial wall of the orbit was repaired by means of an implant of porous @entity691 endoscopically positioned using an "underlay" technique. The surgical technique is described and the reasons for the endoscopic choice are also discussed. Fifteen days after the operation the @entity1 reported complete resolution of @entity19534 . Nasoendoscopy showed complete integration of the @entity691 implant in the healing tissue 4 weeks after surgery. A CT scan performed 6 months postoperatively showed good ventilation of the sinonasal cavity and effective reconstruction of the medial orbital wall.

title: Ethmoid XXXX with frontal and orbital extension: endoscopic removal and reconstruction.

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial bony benign lesions']

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the tumour', 'neoplasm', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['bulky fronto-ethmo-orbital osteoma']

entities_list: @entity19534 :: ('MESH:D005157', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial pain']

answer: @entity1181 :: (MESH:D010016,Disease) :: ['osteoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to present the treatment results and to identify possible prognostic indicators in @entity1 with @entity957 ( @entity957 ). STUDY DESIGN: A consecutively admitted series of 110 @entity1 was analyzed retrospectively. The female male ratio was 29: 81. The sites of the @entity5 were: pyriform fossa (72%), postcricoid area (18%), and posterior pharyngeal wall (10%). T-status was T1: 15%, T2: 26%, T3: 28%, and T4: 37%. N-status was N0: 27%, N1: 33%, N2: 26%, and N3: 14%. METHODS: One hundred three @entity1 (94%) were treated with curative intent. Two of these received primary surgery; the remaining 101 @entity1 had primary radiotherapy. Seven @entity1 (6%) received no or only palliative treatment. RESULTS: The 5- and 10-year estimates for @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were 16% and 7% and @entity66 ( @entity66 ) 28% and 23%, respectively. In the group of @entity1 treated with curatively intended radiotherapy, 71 recurrences were observed at the time of analysis. The 5- and 10-year RFS estimates were both 17%. The values for @entity1349 were 18% and 8% and the values for @entity66 were 31% and 26%, respectively. Univariate survival analyses of age, sex, T-status, N-status, and @entity2802 staging did not show any significant influence on survival. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the survival of @entity1 with @entity957 treated with primary radiotherapy and salvage surgery is poor and that other treatment modalities have to be considered.

title: XXXX : results of treatment based on radiation therapy and salvage surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DSS', 'disease-specific survival']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['HPC', 'hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['crude survival', 'CS']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Hypopharyngeal cancer']


abstract: While autogenous fat augmentation for @entity1887 has been used before, relatively little information is currently available on the effectiveness of fat injection in @entity1 with @entity1887 resulting from problems such as various defects of @entity194 or sulcus vocalis. This paper compares retrospectively the efficiency of fat injection after surgery in @entity1 with @entity194 (n = 16) and sulcus vocalis (n = 8). The perceptual acoustic and phonatory functions and videolaryngostroboscopic data were evaluated before and after fat augmentation in 24 @entity1 . The mean follow-up time was 19.5 months. Fifteen @entity1 displayed excellent results; 1 showed some improvement; 6 experienced postprocedure failure, and 2 were not available for follow-up analysis. Perceptual rating showed significant improvement in grade, roughness and breathiness (p < 0.05). The videolaryngostroboscopic rating showed significant improvements in vocal fold edge linearity, vocal fold vibration amplitude and mucosal wave excursion (p < 0.05). More improvement in @entity194 was observed compared with sulcus vocalis following fat injection procedures. Our research showed that middle defects improved more compared to those in the anterior and posterior area. Fat injection is an effective autogenous implant and may be considered as an option in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity194 or sulcus vocalis. Although fat reabsorption was a problem, repeating the procedure could be considered.

title: Fat augmentation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['glottic insufficiency', 'nonparalytic glottic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['vocal atrophy']

answer: @entity1887 :: (MESH:D000309,Disease) :: ['nonparalytic glottic insufficiency']


abstract: There have been several studies of the impact of @entity3604 on the quality of life and functionality of individual subjects. To date, however, no direct comparisons with age-matched normal subjects without @entity174 have been made. The radiographs of 145 female clinic @entity1 with @entity174 were reviewed by the study physicians. The controls were recruited from the electoral role and by media appeal. One hundred and sixty-seven @entity1 had radiographs taken to determine those without @entity174 . @entity174 subjects and controls had to be ambulant and were excluded if they had significant radiologic evidence of @entity179 of the spine. One hundred cases and one hundred controls were matched by 5-year age groups. The number, position and severity of the @entity174 on the lateral radiographs of the cases was recorded. Quality of life was measured using the Short Form-36 (SF-36) (maximum score 100) and a utility score calculated from these results (maximum score 1). Two measurements of functionality were employed: the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) to assess the activities of daily living (maximum score 100) and the Timed 'Up _ Go' (TUG) that measured the time taken for the subject to rise from sitting in a chair, walk 3 m along a line, return to the chair and sit down. The @entity174 subjects had 2.9 +/- 1.6 (mean +/- SD) @entity174 and the time since last @entity174 was 5.1 +/- 4.8 years. The SF-36 physical function component summary index results were: @entity174 subjects 36 +/- 11, controls 48 +/- 9 (p < 0.001). The SF-36 mental health component summary index results were: @entity174 subjects 50 +/- 11, controls 54 +/- 8 (p < 0.05). The utility scores were: @entity174 subjects 0.64 +/- 0.08, controls 0.72 +/- 0.07 (p < 0.001). The MBI results were: @entity174 subjects 97 +/- 5, controls 99 +/- 1 (p < 0.01). The TUG results were: @entity174 subjects 13.8 +/- 7.3 s, controls 10.1 +/- 4.1 s (p < 0.01). TUG and MBI scores correlated well with SF-36 scores; however, no domain of the SF-36 or functional measure correlated with either the number of @entity174 or the time since last @entity174 . Thus, clinically reported @entity174 impair both the quality of life and functionality of these subjects. The adverse impact of @entity174 on quality of life and functionality needs to be recognized by medical practitioners, subjects and the community, so that adequate health resources can be devoted to the prevention and treatment of this debilitating condition condition.

title: A case-control study of quality of life and functional impairment in XXXX with long-standing @entity3604 .

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral osteoporotic fracture']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disk or joint disease']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'vertebral fractures', 'Fracture', 'vertebral fracture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: This study aimed to (1) record the plaque and @entity2522 on sound and carious approximal surfaces and (2) investigate whether the two parameters could predict approximal lesion progression. For this purpose two samples were selected among 18- to 25-year-old @entity1 at the Dental Faculty in Copenhagen. Sample 1 consisted of 45 @entity1 , each having an approximal posterior surface requiring operative treatment and a contralateral approximal space, where both surfaces were radiographically sound. Sample 2 consisted of 25 @entity1 , each having a posterior approximal tooth surface with an enamel/initial dentinal lesion recorded on a bitewing. Plaque and @entity2522 were classified using 4-point ranked scales. The recordings were performed once on each @entity1 in sample 1. The recordings in sample 2 were repeated 5 times during a 15-month period. In order to assess lesion progression in sample 2, two serial intraoral examinations were performed, i.e. at the beginning and end of the study. Less than 10% of the sound and carious surfaces were recorded as plaque-free, while about 40% had a thick or heavy plaque accumulation. No significant difference was observed between plaque scores on sound and carious surfaces (p = 0.5), in contrast to findings representing the @entity2522 (p < 0.001). Tooth surfaces requiring operative treatment were associated with @entity548 of the gingiva after probing. In sample 2, 3 of the 25 @entity1 did not finish the study. On the remaining @entity1 caries progression was observed in 9 cases (41%), while no progression was observed in 13 cases. Analyses showed that there were no significant differences between plaque scores in cases with caries progression, as compared with no caries progression (p > 0.05). Similar analyses concerning @entity2522 showed that @entity548 of the gingiva was related to cases with progressing caries. Analyses also disclosed no direct association between plaque and @entity2522 (Spearman correlation coefficient 0.39). Thus, the occurrence of plaque does not have the same predictive power as @entity548 after probing in decision-making as to whether or not a lesion progresses.

title: Plaque and XXXX as indicators for caries progression on approximal surfaces.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingival status']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity2522 :: (MESH:D005891,Disease) :: ['gingival status']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) involved in angiogenesis ( @entity7 , @entity7309 , @entity6758 , @entity319 , @entity7738 ) and plasma levels of the corresponding proteins ( @entity7 , @entity7309 , sVEGFR1, sVEGFR2) in @entity1 with and without @entity46 . DESIGN: Allele frequencies of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) pathway SNPs and plasma levels of the corresponding proteins  were investigated in @entity1 with @entity46 and in controls. SETTING: University hospital. @entity1 (S): Samples of DNA from 1,931 Caucasian @entity1 were included (1,109 @entity1 with @entity46 and 822 controls). An additional study group included 973 DNA samples from volunteers, self-reported to be healthy without laparoscopic evaluation. INTERVENTION(S): @entity1 who underwent a laparoscopy for subfertility and/or @entity158 and healthy volunteers without laparoscopic evaluation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Functional SNPs of the @entity7 , @entity6758 , @entity319 , @entity7738 genes and Hap Map tagging SNPs of the  @entity7309 gene were genotyped by using iPLEX technology on a Sequenom MassArray and TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay.  The @entity7 levels were determined in @entity1098 plasma samples by using Bio-Plex Protein Array System. @entity7309 , sVEGFR1, and sVEGFR2 levels were measured in @entity1098 plasma samples by using ELISA Quantikine kits. RESULT(S): A significant association was found between the @entity70137 polymorphism in the @entity7309 gene and @entity7309 plasma levels. In  all study subjects, @entity1 with the AA variant of the @entity70137 @entity7309 gene had significantly lower @entity7309 plasma levels (median  [interquartile range] 9.36 [8.19-10.43] pg/mL) than those with the AG variant (12.1 [11.81-20.84] pg/mL; P(a)=.0085, P(b)=.04), both before and after multiple testing. Plasma levels of @entity7 were elevated in @entity46 @entity1 (especially in minimal-mild @entity46 during the menstrual cycle phase) compared with laparoscopic controls but had a moderate diagnostic  performance (area under the curve, 0.73) in this discovery dataset. At a cut-off plasma level of @entity7 >3.88 pg/mL, minimal-mild stages of @entity46 were diagnosed with a sensitivity of 74% and a specificity of 80% during the menstrual phase of cycle. The associations between the presence of @entity46 and SNPs in @entity7309 ( @entity70138 ), @entity7738 ( @entity70139 ), and @entity6758 ( @entity35887 ) genes lost statistical significance after multiple testing. CONCLUSION(S): Genetic variants in the @entity7309 @entity70137 gene may influence plasma levels of the corresponding protein. Plasma levels of @entity7 were elevated in @entity46 @entity1 compared with controls. The associations between the presence of @entity46 and SNPs in @entity7309 ( @entity70138 ), @entity7738 ( @entity70139 ), and @entity6758 ( @entity35887 ) genes lost statistical significance after multiple testing.

title: XXXX pathway in @entity46 : genetic variants and plasma biomarkers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity1098 :: ('MESH:D004492', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['Vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish whether laparoscopic incidental appendectomy in gynecological diseases is related to @entity260 . STUDY DESIGN: This study was performed prospectively in 443 @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic surgery without appendectomy (n = 222) or with appendectomy (n = 221). On postoperative day 1, drain fluid was cultured in all @entity1 . All data were compared using Student's t test and   2 test. RESULTS: Bacteria grew in cultures of 93 @entity1 (21.0%): 38 (17.1%) in the nonappendectomy group and 55 (24.9%) in the appendectomy group (p < 0.01). There were statistical differences in the incidence of @entity260 , and post-operative laboratory changes for percentage of neutrophils (p < 0.01) and @entity1851 (p < 0.01). Thirteen genera of bacteria grew in the drain culture. The 9 commensal organisms of the @entity1 intestine were identified in all @entity1 , each 8 genera of bacteria in both groups. The surgical type did not affect the postoperative drain culture results. CONCLUSION: Postoperative bacterial growth and complications were increased in the laparoscopic incidental appendectomy group. Infections with bacteria from the intestine in both groups were also related to contamination during surgery and postoperative care.

title: Is Laparoscopic Incidental Appendectomy in Gynecological Diseases Related to XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial growth, postoperative complications', 'postoperative intraabdominal infection and complications']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['Postoperative Intraabdominal Infection and Complications']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: The risk of @entity5 progression (LTP) and factors predicting LTP following percutaneous thermal ablation (PTA) of @entity5 ( @entity157 ) have not been well studied in non-trial settings and may be underestimated. We aimed to assess these outcomes in a multicentre study. @entity1 AND METHODS: This was a retrospective review of consecutive @entity1 with early-stage @entity157 treated with a curative intent across three tertiary Australian centres between 2006 and 2012 with either radiofrequency ablation or microwave ablation. The primary endpoint was LTP and multivariate analysis was carried out to identify the independent predictors of LTP. RESULTS: In total 145 @entity157 nodules were treated in 126 @entity1 (78% @entity1 , mean  SD age 62  10 years) with a mean  SD follow-up of 13.5  13 months. Local recurrence was observed in 23.4% (34/145). Mean  SD LTP-free survival was 46.9  3.6 months. For @entity157 nodules 2   cm or less, local recurrence rates were lower (15.9%), with a mean  SD LTP-free survival of 48.8  4.2 months. Poorly differentiated @entity157 [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)=4.8 (1.1-20.4), P=0.032] and pretreatment a-fetoprotein more than 50   kIU/l [8.2 (1.7-39.0), P=0.008] were independent predictors of LTP. LTP rates were not significantly different between the radiofrequency ablation and the microwave ablation groups (22.8 vs. 25.8%, P=0.7). There were six (4.8%) procedure-related adverse events, but no deaths. CONCLUSION: Local recurrence after PTA for early-stage @entity157 is high in routine clinical practice. Poorly differentiated @entity157 and pretreatment a-fetoprotein are important, independent predictors of LTP. Further well-designed randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes using adjuvant therapies in combination with @entity865 to decrease LTP rates are warranted.

title: High local recurrence of XXXX after percutaneous thermal ablation in routine clinical practice.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['local tumour', 'early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity356 ( @entity356 ) demonstrated similar results to traditional Roux-en-Y procedures. A possible concern is how to manage a chronic @entity9098 when medical therapy results ineffective. Revision of the gastro-jejunal @entity254 , obtaining a Roux-en-Y reconstruction, has already been proposed, but technical details have not been elucidated yet. This video shows how to revise a 200-cm @entity356 to treat chronic @entity9098 , by converting the procedure to Roux-en-Y, having a short gastric pouch and a long efferent limb. METHODS: A 51-year-old @entity1 complained of recurrent heartburns 2  months after @entity356 . A gastroscopy witnessed the presence of a 6-cm long gastric pouch with @entity5042 and @entity9098 in esophagus. Specific medications were ineffective. He underwent a revisional laparoscopic procedure. The efferent limb was measured and consisted of 650  cm. The afferent limb was then divided next to the previous gastro-jejunal @entity254 and a jejuno-jejunal @entity254 was performed distally at 70  cm on the alimentary limb. RESULTS: Total operative time was 50  min. The postoperative stay was uneventful and the @entity1 was discharged in postoperative day four. At 6  months follow-up he is still free of medications without symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The ideal scenario for the presented technique is the finding of a long efferent limb, in order to fashion a Roux-en-Y limb without the risk of @entity86 . To reach this goal, we suggest the measurement of the whole small bowel intra-operatively, in order to assess the length of the common channel left in place.

title: Laparoscopic Conversion of One @entity254 Gastric Bypass to Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5042 :: ('MESH:D019449', 'Disease') :: ['pouchitis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity9098 :: ('MESH:D001655', 'Disease') :: ['bile reflux']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative malabsorption']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['OAGB', 'One anastomosis gastric bypass']

answer: @entity9098 :: (MESH:D001655,Disease) :: ['Chronic Bile Reflux']


abstract: 1. A study of wall synthesis has been made by following the incorporation of radioactive @entity413 and @entity1889 into the cytoplasm and wall of @entity375 . 2. Both @entity413 and @entity1889 are incorporated into a mannan glycopeptide. The @entity413 is also synthesized into a structural glucan of the wall. 3. The mannan glycopeptide contains high-molecular-weight mannan and low-molecular-weight @entity3913 and oligosaccharide units composed of @entity3913 . Both types of @entity1735 are attached to the peptide. The extent of radioactive incorporation into these different @entity1735 constituents of the glycopeptide remained constant during a pulse-chase experiment. No evidence of a sequential synthesis of oligosaccharides and high-molecular-weight mannan was obtained. 4. @entity1880 inhibits the incorporation of @entity1889 into the wall but only partially inhibits the incorporation of @entity413 . Thus not all the polysaccharide deposited into the wall is dependent on a simultaneous peptide synthesis and incorporation. 5. Protoplasts grown in an iso-osmotic medium secreted a mannan polymer that was probably a glycopeptide.

title: XXXX cell-wall synthesis.

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['Cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Yeast']


abstract: In Japan, long-term 14-membered @entity7646 administration is chosen as a first line therapy against @entity1729 ( @entity1729 ) such as @entity11592 , @entity4595 and chronic @entity3617 . However, sometimes acute exacerbations occur in these cases, even if therapy is effective. We investigated 18 episodes of @entity1729 exacerbations that were caused by @entity328 during long-term macrolides therapy from 1991 to 1999 to clarify the clinical features and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in @entity2260 . Exacerbations did not occur only in winter season, but also in other seasons. Among 18 episodes of exacerbation, only 7 episodes (39%) revealed infiltration in chest roentogenogram and few episodes revealed marked elevations of @entity32 markers in laboratory data. Intermediate resistance or resistance rates of @entity2260 isolated from sputum or transtracheal aspiration were 100% to @entity2929 , 67% to @entity3402 or @entity1214 , 11% to @entity869 , and 0% to @entity12706 or @entity2892 . Coresistance to @entity2929 , @entity3402 and @entity1214 was seen in a half of the episodes. Resistance was not correlated with the duration of @entity7187 administration. All episodes were mainly treated with @entity3405 agents or @entity2887 and cured successfully. These findings suggest that acute exacerbations in @entity1729 caused by @entity2260 during long-term macrolides therapy do not reveal severe clinical aspects and can be treated successfully at present, but attention should be paid to the trend of antibiotic susceptibility in @entity2260 .

title: [Acute exacerbations due to XXXX in @entity1729 during long-term macrolide therapy].

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1214 :: ('MESH:D008911', 'Chemical') :: ['minocycline']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity7646 :: ('CHEBI:25106', 'Chemical') :: ['macrolide']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity12706 :: ('CHEBI:474053', 'Chemical') :: ['cephazoline']

entities_list: @entity2887 :: ('MESH:D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolones']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lower respiratory tract infections', 'CLRTIs']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity7187 :: ('MESH:D018942', 'Chemical') :: ['macrolides']

entities_list: @entity11592 :: ('MESH:C536174', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse panbronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: Distinguishing surgically remedial forms from other causes of @entity1368 ( @entity1368 ) may be difficult, and it is made more challenging by the earlier detection of milder disease. The technical demands of bilateral adrenal vein sampling (AVS)-increasingly advocated for localizing a unilateral autonomous lesion (UAL)- and lack of agreed criteria for establishing unilateral autonomy, add further to the diagnostic challenge. This retrospective review of 49 @entity8598 @entity1 with unequivocal @entity1368 (41 with surgically proven and remedial UAL, eight @entity1 with @entity774 ) analyzes the value of computerized tomography adrenal scanning (n = 32), 4 h erect posture testing (n = 42), and AVS (n = 27) in predicting and lateralizing a surgically remedial lesion. A fall in plasma @entity1369 during 4 h erect posture (positive test) occurred in 63% of @entity1 with UAL and in none with @entity774 . A positive posture test or computerized tomography adrenal scan (single focal macroadenoma) both had high positive predictive value (100% and 89% respectively), but low sensitivity for diagnosis of UAL. AVS, undertaken during low dose ACTH stimulation, localized the UAL in all cases (positive predictive value 100%) where the @entity1369 / @entity701 ratio of blood drawn from the uninvolved gland was less than that of peripheral blood (contralateral ratio <1). Biochemical severity, reflected by overnight supine plasma @entity1369 , was strongly correlated with the degree of contralateral gland suppression (n = 16, r = 0.79, P < 0.001). Importantly, the AVS findings show that when bilateral access is not possible, UAL can be successfully lateralized when only one adrenal vein (the contralateral) is accessed, or the ipsilateral vein is sampled in subjects whose posture test was positive. In this series of @entity1 with overt ( @entity8598 ) @entity1368 , preoperative testing successfully identified a surgically remedial lesion in 39 of 41 cases. Confirmation of the recommended diagnostic approach must now await larger prospective studies.

title: Predicting surgically remedial XXXX : role of adrenal scanning, posture testing, and adrenal vein sampling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity8598 :: ('MESH:D020514', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemic']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['PA', 'primary aldosteronism']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral adrenal hyperplasia']

answer: @entity1368 :: (MESH:D006929,Disease) :: ['primary aldosteronism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1667 is the only neuroprotective therapy advocated in acute non-penetrating @entity1566 . Trials indicate improved neurological outcome following early administration of a high dose regime. The National Spinal Injuries Unit (NSIU) has promoted this regime by a simple laminated poster sent to all Irish A_E departments. AIM: To assess the use of @entity1667 in @entity1 with @entity1566 . METHODS: A retrospective audit of @entity1 data for all @entity1 admitted with traumatic @entity16 over a 12-month period. RESULTS: One hundred ninety-six @entity1 were admitted during the study period, 28 (14%) received intravenous @entity1667 of which six had clear records documenting compliance. One @entity1 received both @entity619 and @entity1667 in high doses and three had incorrect bolus dosages administered. Six @entity1 received @entity1667 infusion longer than the protocol, while five @entity1 were given infusions shorter than recommended. Three @entity1 were admitted to the unit that could have received the @entity134 regime at the point of transfer. CONCLUSIONS: There was poor documentation of prescription orders and timing of administration. Only six @entity1 had clear documentation allowing confirmation of adherence to the protocol of the National Acute @entity1566 Study (NASCIS) III trial.

title: @entity1667 in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone', 'Methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairment']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries', 'Spinal Cord Injury', 'spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injuries']


abstract: @entity235 @entity272 is seasonal or sometimes non-seasonal immune-mediated @entity272 which occurs commonly in Korea. The definite clinical sign is systemic @entity111 , especially on periocular parts, external ear, interdigit spaces and lateral flank. For diagnosis of this @entity1909 , complete history taking followed by intradermal skin test and serum in vitro IgE test needs to be performed. Allergen selection for the diagnosis and treatment of @entity483 should be varied geographically. In this study, with intradermal skin test(IDST) the prevalence of @entity66 and what allergens are involved in are researched. Allergens used for IDST included 26 allergen extracts from six allergen groups: grasses, trees, weeds, molds, epidermal allergens and environmental allergens. The number of allergens was 42 in which the positive and negative controls are included. The most common positive allergen reaction was the house dust mites on IDST(22/35, 63%). The other positive allergen reactions were to flea(3/35, 9%), molds(1/35, 3%), house dusts(2/35, 6%), feathers (1/35, 3%), cedar/juniper(1/35, 3%), timothy grass(1/35, 3%) and dandelion(1/35, 3%). In this study, the most prevalent allergen causing @entity483 in @entity235 in Korea was the house dust mites followed by the flea.

title: Allergens causing @entity66 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atopic disease']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['atopic skin disease', 'skin disease']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: Introduction. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is preferred for @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ). Many providers monitor LMWH with anti-Xa levels, despite little validation on correspondence with @entity1 outcome. Methods. This is a retrospective, single institution study of anti-Xa measurement in malignancy-associated @entity715 . Cases were identified using the Electronic Data Warehouse, and inclusion was confirmed by two independent reviewers. Malignancy type, thrombotic history, measurement rationale and accuracy, clinical context, and management changes were evaluated. Results. 167 cases met inclusion criteria. There was no clear rationale for anti-Xa testing in 56%. @entity8 (10%), documented or suspected recurrent @entity715 despite anticoagulation (9%), and @entity548 (6%) were the most common reasons for testing. Incorrect measurement occurred in 44%. @entity8 was not a significant impetus for testing, as 70% had a GFR > 60. BMI > 30 was present in 40%, and 28% had a BMI < 25. Clinical impact was low, as only 11% of @entity1 had management changes. Conclusions. Provider education in accuracy and rationale for anti-Xa testing is needed. Our study illustrates uncertainty of interpretation and clinical impact of routine anti-Xa testing, as management was affected in few @entity1 . It is not yet clear in which clinical context providers should send anti-Xa levels.

title: Clinical Use of Anti-Xa Monitoring in Malignancy-Associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Impaired renal function', 'Renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy-associated venous thromboembolism', 'VTE']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['Thrombosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We aimed to determine how linear growth and fat and lean tissue gain during discrete age periods from birth to adolescence are related to adolescent cardiometabolic risk factors and cognitive ability. METHODS: Adolescents born to mothers with normal @entity413 tolerance during pregnancy from an Indian birth cohort (N = 486, age 13.5 years) had detailed anthropometry and measurements of body fat (fat%), fasting plasma @entity413 , insulin and lipid concentrations, blood pressure and cognitive function. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. These outcomes were examined in relation to birth measurements and statistically independent measures (conditional SD scores) representing linear growth, and fat and lean tissue gain during birth-1, 1-2, 2-5, 5-9.5 and 9.5-13.5 years in 414 of the @entity1 with measurements at all these ages. RESULTS: Birth length and linear growth at all ages were positively associated with current height. Fat gain, particularly during 5-9.5 years was positively associated with fat% at 13.5 years (0.44 SD per SD [99.9% confidence interval: 0.29,0.58]). Greater fat gain during mid-late childhood was associated with higher systolic blood pressure (5-9.5 years: 0.23 SD per SD [0.07,0.40]) and HOMA-IR (5-9.5 years: 0.24 [0.08,0.40], 9.5-13.5 years: 0.22 [0.06,0.38]). Greater @entity1 growth (up to age 2 years) in linear, fat or lean components was unrelated to @entity73 . CONCLUSION: This study suggests that factors that increase linear, fat and lean growth in infancy have no adverse cardiometabolic effects in this population. Factors that increase fat gain in mid-late childhood may increase cardiometabolic risk, without any benefit to cognitive abilities.

title: Linear Growth and Fat and Lean Tissue Gain during Childhood: Associations with Cardiometabolic and Cognitive Outcomes in Adolescent Indian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infant', 'children']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cardiometabolic risk factors or cognitive function']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous reports demonstrate that 1-year survival is severely compromised in @entity1 with severe @entity813 ( @entity813 ) after lung transplantation. We examined if advances in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support, including @entity52174 oxygenators and reliance on venovenous (VV) ECMO have improved outcomes in @entity1 with severe @entity813 after lung transplantation. METHODS: The analysis included data prospectively collected on all single-lung or double-lung transplants between November 2001 and December 2009. Heart-lung transplants were excluded. Comparisons were made between recipients who did and did not require ECMO for @entity813 after transplant. RESULTS: Since November 2001, when VV ECMO became the routine treatment for severe @entity813 after transplant at our center, 28 of 498 @entity1 (6%) have required VV ECMO support. Successful weaning occurred in 27 of 28 (96%). Support was withdrawn for 1 @entity1 with irreversible @entity16 . Survival was substantially better than in previous reports: 30 days, 82%; 1 year, 64%; and 5 years, 49%. Freedom from @entity4154 was 88% in the ECMO survivors at 3 years, but maximum allograft function was considerably worse than in transplant recipients not requiring ECMO (peak forced expiratory volume in 1 second: 58% in ECMO vs 83% in non-ECMO, p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Advances in ECMO technology, particularly VV ECMO, have greatly improved the ability to support @entity1 with severe @entity813 after lung transplantation. VV ECMO is an important tool in the armamentarium of any lung transplant program to optimize @entity1 outcomes; however, strategies to improve lung allograft function in @entity1 experiencing severe @entity813 are still needed.

title: Improved survival but marginal allograft function in XXXX treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation after lung transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic injury']

entities_list: @entity52174 :: ('MESH:C021245', 'Chemical') :: ['polymethylpentene']

entities_list: @entity813 :: ('MESH:D055031', 'Disease') :: ['primary graft dysfunction', 'PGD']

entities_list: @entity4154 :: ('MESH:D001989', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Laryngotracheal @entity130 is life-threatening. We identified 23 @entity1 between 1992 and 1998 with laryngeal (12), tracheal (8), and combined injuries (3). Nineteen @entity1 had penetrating @entity130 (gunshot wound, 12; stab wound, 7), and four @entity1 had @entity1913 . Flexible laryngoscopy identified the injury in 8 of 12 @entity1 (75%), and computer tomography scan was positive in 9 of 9 @entity1 (100%). Twelve of the 19 @entity1 with penetrating wounds were managed by primary repair, 4 had endotracheal intubation without surgical repair, and 3 were observed. No @entity1 with a blunt @entity130 required repair. Two had endotracheal intubation, and two were observed. A high index of suspicion is essential to identifying @entity130 . Computer tomography scan is a sensitive diagnostic test for @entity130 , and may be indicated despite normal flexible laryngoscopy. The decision to repair injuries or observe injuries is primarily based on respiratory distress and associated injuries.

title: Diagnosis and management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1913 :: ('MESH:D014949', 'Disease') :: ['blunt injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal injury', 'laryngotracheal injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['laryngotracheal trauma']


abstract: This report describes the neuropathology of progressive axonopathy (PA), an @entity74 of Boxer @entity235 , which affects CNS and PNS. The nerve roots contain numerous myelin bubbles and proximal paranodal axonal swellings containing vesicles, vesiculo-tubular profiles and disorganized neurofilaments. The myelin sheath overlying such swellings is often attenuated. As the disease develops there are progressive changes in the myelin sheath with thinning at paranodal and internodal locations, loss of myelin from lengths of axon and the formation of short internodes with disproportionately thin sheaths. The abnormalities show a very definite selectivity for nerve roots and proximal nerves. Conversely, the frequency of degeneration and regeneration is greater distally except in the cervical ventral roots which contain numerous regenerating clusters. In the CNS numerous axonal spheroids are found in the lateral and ventral columns of the spinal cord and in various brain stem nuclei, particularly the superior olives, accessory cuneate nuclei and lateral lemniscus and its nucleus. @entity528 which occurs mainly in the cord shows no obvious tract or proximal/distal selectivity. The optic pathways are also involved, predominantly adjacent to the chiasma. The autonomic nervous system is affected and distal limb muscles show varying, but usually minor, degrees of @entity194 . The condition, which has no obvious direct parallel in @entity1 or veterinary medicine, shows gross disturbances of axon-glial inter-relationships in both CNS and PNS.

title: Progressive axonopathy: an @entity74 of boxer XXXX . 2. The nature and distribution of the pathological changes.

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive inherited neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['Axonal degeneration']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review the efficacy of treatment of high-flow @entity3327 with superselective transcatheter embolization. METHODS: Over a 2-year period, we reviewed five @entity1 who were treated for traumatic high-flow @entity3327 with superselective embolization. All @entity1 underwent diagnostic angiography that demonstrated a communication between the cavernosal artery and the corpora cavernosa. Each identified @entity292 was embolized using gel-foam, @entity4461 , microcoils, or a combination of these. RESULTS: All five @entity1 had successful detumesence of @entity3327 postprocedure. There was normal recurrence of early morning erection with successful detumescence for each @entity1 within a 2- to 4-week period. Two of five @entity1 (40%) presented with recurrence of @entity3327 at 6 months and required a repeat embolization procedure. At 1 year, four of the five @entity1 (80%) had normal erectile function. CONCLUSION: Superselective transcatheter embolization is a useful therapeutic modality in the treatment of high-flow @entity3327 . It provides equivalent rates of detumesence when compared to surgical techniques, and appears to have a greater success in preserving erectile function.

title: Treatment of "high-flow" XXXX with superselective transcatheter embolization: a useful alternative to surgery.

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['blood clot']

answer: @entity3327 :: (MESH:D011317,Disease) :: ['priapism']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4558 red pulp small @entity1892 (SDRPL) is considered an indolent @entity5 and its pathogenesis is not well known. We investigated the molecular characteristics of 19 SDRPL @entity1 , 5 of them with progressive disease. IGHV genes were mutated in 9/13 (69%). Cytogenetic and molecular studies identified complex karyotypes in 2 cases, and @entity7513 rearrangements in 3, with @entity5953 and potentially @entity13663 as partners in each one of them. Copy number arrays showed aberrations in 69% of the @entity5 , including recurrent losses of 10q23, 14q31-q32, and 17p13 in 3, and 9p21 in 2 cases. Deletion of 7q31.3-q32.3 was present in only 1 case and no trisomies 3 or 18 were detected. @entity125 and @entity12363 were mutated in 2 cases each, whereas @entity817 , @entity876 , and @entity19982 were mutated each in single cases. No mutations were found in @entity126 or @entity4100 . Four of the 5 @entity1 with @entity146 had mutations in @entity125 (2 cases), @entity876 (1 case), and @entity12363 (1 case). The progression-free survival of @entity1 with mutated genes was significantly shorter than in the unmutated (P=0.011). These findings show that SDRPL share some mutated genes but not chromosomal alterations, with other @entity706 , that may confer a more @entity146 .

title: @entity125 , @entity876 , and @entity12363 Mutations in Splenic Diffuse Red Pulp XXXX Are Associated With Progressive Disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['splenic lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behavior', 'aggressive disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity4558 :: ('MESH:D013158', 'Disease') :: ['Splenic diffuse']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['Small B-cell Lymphoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The dire effects of @entity5 -induced @entity3085 undermine treatment and contribute to decreased survival rates. Therapeutic options for this syndrome are limited, and therefore efforts to identify signs of precachexia in @entity5 @entity1 are necessary for early intervention. The applications of molecular and functional imaging that would enable a whole-body "holistic" approach to this problem may lead to new insights and advances for diagnosis and treatment of this syndrome. Here we have developed a myoblast optical reporter system with the purpose of identifying early cachectic events. We generated a myoblast cell line expressing a dual tdTomato:GFP construct that was grafted onto the muscle of @entity19 -bearing @entity1 @entity788 xenografts to provide noninvasive live imaging of events associated with @entity5 -induced @entity3085 (i.e., @entity353 ). Real-time optical imaging detected a strong tdTomato fluorescent signal from skeletal muscle grafts in @entity19 with weight losses of only 1.2% to 2.7% and @entity5 burdens of only approximately 79 to 170 mm(3). Weight loss in cachectic animals was also associated with a depletion of lipid, @entity165 , @entity4857 , and @entity3929 levels, which may provide informative biomarkers of @entity3085 . Taken together, our findings demonstrate the utility of a reporter system that is capable of tracking @entity5 -induced @entity353 , an early marker of @entity3085 . Future studies incorporating resected tissue from @entity1 @entity1124 into a reporter-carrying @entity19 may be able to provide a risk assessment of @entity3085 , with possible implications for therapeutic development. @entity5 Res; 76(6); 1-10.   2015 AACR.

title: Detection of XXXX Using a Fluorescent Myoblast Reporter System and Analysis of Metabolite Abundance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic Cancer-Induced Cachexia']


abstract: Fungi are ubiquitous in nature but have low virulence and cause disease usually when the host defenses are compromised. @entity364 of the central nervous system are rare and are usually seen in immunocompromised @entity1 . However, in recent years, there has been an increase in the number of @entity13155 in immunocompetent individuals. Intracranial @entity364 are rare space-occupying lesions. Among these, @entity738 is the most common. Craniocerebral involvement by @entity2381 usually occurs via the hematogenous route or through contiguous spread from the paranasal sinuses. Predominant symptoms associated with cranial @entity364 include @entity10 , @entity391 , proptosis, and @entity227 . Common signs include @entity1829 , @entity129 , @entity1269 , and meningismus. We present a case of invasive @entity738 in an immunocompetent individual, who presented with a palpable mass in the buccal mucosa following removal of an impacted mandibular third molar but with no other characteristic signs and symptoms of invasive @entity364 . To our knowledge, there is no documentation of @entity2381 presenting as a @entity4 . @entity4 should be viewed with a high degree of suspicion and investigated thoroughly at the earliest.

title: Invasive aspergillosis presenting as XXXX in an immunocompetent individual.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual disturbances']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['Aspergillus granuloma']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling in the buccal mucosa', 'Unexplained swellings in the buccal mucosa']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['Fungal infections', 'fungal granulomas', 'fungal granuloma']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papilledema']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity13155 :: ('MESH:D020314', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system fungal infections']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['swelling of the buccal mucosa']


abstract: @entity615 , is difficult to treat. @entity1 often report transverse @entity1643 that radiates into the sacroiliac joints. Radicular or claudicatory symptoms are generally absent unless there is concomitant nerve compression. Physical examination findings are often unremarkable. Radiographic examination may reveal disk space narrowing, @entity454 , or vacuum phenomenon in the disk; magnetic resonance imaging is useful for revealing hydration of the disk, annular bulging, or lumbar spine end-plate (Modic) changes in the adjacent vertebral bodies. The use of diskography as a confirmatory study remains controversial. Recent prospective, randomized trials and meta-analyses of the literature have helped expand what is known about @entity179 . In most @entity1 with @entity1643 , symptoms resolve without surgical intervention; physical therapy and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the cornerstones of nonsurgical treatment. Intradiskal electrothermal treatment has not been shown to be effective, and arthrodesis remains controversial for the treatment of @entity615 . Nucleus replacement and motion-sparing technology are too new to have demonstrated long-term data regarding their efficacy.

title: Management of symptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['discogenic back pain', 'Symptomatic lumbar degenerative disk disease, or discogenic back pain']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disk disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-plate sclerosis']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['lumbar degenerative disk disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity28 epidemic has not spared the population with @entity177 . @entity28 impacts prognosis after kidney transplantation, as markers of @entity28 are associated with worse outcomes (e.g. delayed graft function, graft failure, @entity65 , costs) compared with ideal values in most studies. @entity28 is also potentially modifiable. Kidney transplants are a scarce resource and the obligation to steward organs to good outcomes is inherent in transplant practice. Thus, it is appropriate to establish pretransplant @entity353 targets and engage @entity28 @entity1 seeking transplantation in shared responsibility agreements to strive to reach goals. Nonetheless, important caveats may qualify the stringency of pretransplant @entity353 requirements. @entity28 @entity1 (who are otherwise healthy enough for transplant) may benefit from transplantation compared with long-term dialysis based on metrics such as improved long-term survival and lower cardiac risk. When optimal @entity353 is difficult to achieve, factors in a given program's ability to extend the limits of @entity28 acceptable for safe and effective transplantation include expertise (e.g. surgical approaches and clinical management), tolerance for risk based on overall performance and tolerance for costs. More research is needed, including formal cost-effectiveness studies of transplantation in @entity28 @entity1 to determine if payers (e.g. Medicare) and society should be compensating programs for clinical and financial risks, and whether the risks are worth taking. To generate evidence to better guide management, prospective evaluations of the impact of intentional @entity353 strategies in this population, including studies of dietary change, monitored exercise and bariatric surgery, are also urgently needed.

title: Pro: Pretransplant XXXX : yes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'Obese', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']