abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 90-year-old @entity1 was referred to our hospital because of abdominal distension and pretibial @entity4 . No @entity5 were palpable in either breast. Her abdomen was distended and palpitation was noticed. Laboratory examination revealed @entity2741 and elevated levels of @entity5 markers(PIVKA- II , CEA, CA19-9, SCC). Contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT) showed @entity1143 and @entity843 , an approximately 17-mm high-contrast mass in the D area of the left breast, and osteolysis of the dorsal lumber spine. We initiated treatment for @entity1143 , @entity843 , and @entity2741 . However, on her 11th day in the hospital, hematemesis was observed and the @entity1 died. We suspected @entity3 of a @entity5 , but a @entity75 had not been identified; therefore, an autopsy was performed. Autopsy showed a 17-mm mass in the D area of the left breast. Histopathological examination showed the growth of a signet-ring cell @entity5 that was immunohistochemically ER-positive, @entity7273 -positive, and @entity5962 -negative. The @entity1 was diagnosed with primary @entity0 derived from @entity1137 . We reported a rare case of primary @entity0 with a review of literature.

title: [An Autopsy Case of an Elderly @entity1 with Signet-Ring Cell Carcinoma of the Breast Derived from XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['lobular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['signet-ring cell carcinoma of the breast']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1137 :: (MESH:D018275,Disease) :: ['Lobular Carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Serum @entity5 markers were investigated as prognostic factors for recurrence in @entity1 with @entity356 . METHODOLOGY: Preoperative serum levels of @entity787 , CA72-4, CA19-9, TPA and @entity10224 were sampled in 196 @entity1 with @entity356 undergoing curative surgery. The results were compared with the clinical recurrence and various clinicopathological factors. RESULTS: CA72-4, @entity787 , CA19-9, TPA and @entity10224 had sensitivities of 16.4%, 31.4%, 16.1%, 31.6%, and 6%, respectively. Sensitivity of two combinations was as high as 56.5%. Seventy-seven @entity1 (39.9%) had clinical recurrence in the follow-up periods. For those with preoperatively elevated serum @entity5 markers, 38% (12/32) had CA72-4, 42% (13/31) had CA19-9, 48% (29/60) and had @entity787 , 54% (6/11) had @entity10224 , and 62% (37/61) had TPA, and remained disease-free. Univariate analysis showed that TNM staging, Tumor size, Borrmann classification of @entity5 growth, and preoperative serum CA72-4 level were correlated with recurrence of disease. Multivariate analysis showed that independent prognostic factor of recurrence was TNM staging (P = 0.0007). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative serum CA72-4 level is correlated with @entity5 , but is not an independent predictor for clinical recurrence of disease in @entity1 with @entity356 that undergo surgery.

title: Comparison of serum CA72-4, @entity787 , TPA, CA19-9 and XXXX levels in @entity356 @entity1 and correlation with recurrence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'staging of disease']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancers']

answer: @entity10224 :: (94025,Gene) :: ['CA125']


abstract: PURPOSE: Giant pediatric @entity5 (GPIT) remains to be a challenging disease with high morbidity and mortality. METHODS: The clinical data of 60 @entity1 under 18  years of age operated on with GPIT (>= 5  cm in diameter) were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Gross total resection was achieved in 46 cases (77%) and subtotal resection was obtained in 14 cases (23%). Ninety percent (47/52) of the cases with obstructive @entity1276 were resolved remarkably and only 10% (5/52) of the @entity1 needed a ventriculoperitoneal shunt after @entity5 resection. Postoperative histopathological type revealed @entity1313 in 51 cases (85%). The most common @entity5 was @entity2946 ; other types include the following: @entity424 , @entity816 , @entity11 , @entity6196 ( @entity6196 ), @entity816 , @entity6010 , @entity3038 , @entity9204 , and @entity5606 ( @entity5606 ). Benign histopathological categories include the following: @entity976 , @entity2846 , and @entity1653 . No @entity204 or serious complications occurred after the operation. However, transient subcutaneous effusion occurred in 14 @entity1 postoperatively, @entity128 including the posterior cranial nerve in two cases and abduction nerve in one case, and mutism and @entity358 were observed in two cases, respectively. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 72  months, with an average of 32  months. Poor prognosis occurred significantly in the high-grade @entity5 and @entity6196 , @entity5606 , and @entity3038 were implicated in the @entity204 of @entity1 within 1  year. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first description of clinicopathological features and the largest case analysis for GPIT. Optimal outcomes for GPIT were achieved by strict evaluation and perioperative management as well as microsurgical skills.

title: Clinicopathological features and microsurgical outcomes for giant pediatric XXXX in 60 consecutive cases.

entities_list: @entity6196 :: ('MESH:D018242', 'Disease') :: ['primitive neuroectoderm tumor', 'PNET']

entities_list: @entity6010 :: ('MESH:D005729', 'Disease') :: ['gangliocytoma']

entities_list: @entity3038 :: ('MESH:D018316', 'Disease') :: ['gliosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['malignant brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm', 'intracranial tumor', 'malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity5606 :: ('MESH:D018335', 'Disease') :: ['AT/RT', 'atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['mixed glioma']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['pilocytic astrocytoma', 'subependymal giant cell astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity2846 :: ('MESH:D020288', 'Disease') :: ['choroid plexus papilloma']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngioma']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

entities_list: @entity9204 :: ('MESH:C562943', 'Disease') :: ['choroid plexus carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['intracranial tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In March 2008, Uruguay included PCV7 into the routine vaccination program, in a 2 + 1 schedule for @entity1 <2 years of age. Catch-up immunization was offered to @entity1 born in 2007. Greater than 95% of @entity1 received their first and second doses. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of this strategy. METHODS: Annual hospitalization rates (per 10,000 discharges) for @entity497 ( @entity497 ) in @entity1 <14 years of age and @entity2506 are described prior to PCV7 vaccination (2005-2007), during the year of implementation (2008) and following vaccine introduction (2009). Data regarding age, diagnosis, vaccination status, and pneumococcal serotype were obtained from Hospital Pereira Rossell databases and vaccination records. RESULTS: Comparison of hospitalization rates for @entity497 and pneumococcal- @entity497 (P- @entity497 ) between prevaccine years (2005-2007) and the year after vaccination (2009) decreased significantly in all @entity1 by 56% and 48.2%, respectively. Significant reduction was observed for vaccine serotype P- @entity497 (serotype 14 P- @entity497 decreased from 26.6 to 2.5 per 10,000 discharges) in @entity1 <2 years of age. A significant reduction in @entity2506 of 59% was seen in this age group; median rates prevaccination decreased from 17 (12.2-24.9) to 7 (3-11.8) after the administration of vaccine. No vaccine failures for P- @entity497 or @entity2506 were seen in fully immunized @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: One year after PCV7 introduction into the routine vaccination schedule of Uruguay, there was a rapid and significant @entity497 , and @entity2506 in @entity1 <2 years of age.

title: Impact of universal pneumococcal vaccination on hospitalizations for pneumonia and meningitis in XXXX in Montevideo, Uruguay.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'reduction in rates of CAP, P-CAP', 'community-acquired pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2506 :: ('MESH:D008586', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal meningitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: THE AIM OF THE WORK: was to present clinical material referring to rarely occurring abdominal cavity @entity547 in semilunar line - @entity547 diagnosed with the help of ultrasound. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the period from 1995 to 2001 785 anterior abdominal wall @entity547 were diagnosed including 11 @entity547 (1.4%) diagnosed in 10 @entity1 (7 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 ) aged from 38 to 65 years old (average age 48). Eight @entity1 complained of @entity158 in abdomen, in 5 of them it was accompanied by bloating and sometimes loud peristalsis. All the @entity1 had been observing the mentioned symptoms from 2 to 5 years. Each of them had had colonoscopy and abdominal cavity ultrasound examination performed, some of them even three times. In 3 @entity1 with uterine fibroid the uterus was removed which did not eliminate the symptoms. The ultrasound examination of the abdominal integument was performed mainly with the use of linear transducers of the frequency of 7-12 MHz; in @entity28 @entity1 also convex transducers were used (3,5-6 MHz). Each examination of abdominal integument included the assessment of the following areas: linea alba from xiphoid process to pubic symphysis including umbilicus, both semilunar lines from costal margins to pubic bones, and also inguinal areas. Moreover, all types of @entity86 were examined. Each @entity547 was assessed in terms of size (the greatest dimension), @entity547 sac contents, width of the ring and reducibility under the compression of the transducer. Moreover, cough test and Valsalva's maneuver were performed. Generally, the examination was performed in a standing position. RESULTS: In 9 @entity1 @entity547 were localized unilaterally, in one @entity1 bilaterally. In 7 cases the @entity547 sac contained small bowel, in 2 cases the preperitoneal and omental fat, and in 2 cases preperitoneal fat only. Eight @entity1 presenting with clinical symptoms underwent operative repair. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound examination is beneficial in confirming the diagnosis of @entity547 especially in terms of proper, therapeutic decision-making.

title: Sonographic imaging of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative scars']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['spastic pain']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['Spigelian hernias', 'hernia', 'hernias']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['Spigelian hernias']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Pathogenic monoclonal anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies up-regulate the expression of @entity15901 in glomerular mesangial cells. This study was undertaken to investigate whether polyclonal anti-dsDNA antibodies promote the local secretion of @entity15901 in the kidneys of @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), and whether urinary @entity15901 represents a marker of kidney involvement in @entity1252 . METHODS: Hispanic, African American, and white @entity1 with @entity1252 and normal healthy control subjects from affiliated hospitals of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine were recruited for this cross-sectional study. @entity1 were classified based on the presence of active @entity8 according to the @entity1252 Activity Index (SLEDAI). Correlations of clinical and laboratory data with urinary and serum levels of @entity15901 were assessed. RESULTS: Among @entity1252 @entity1 , urinary @entity15901 levels were significantly higher in those with @entity1988 ( @entity1988 ) (median 17.1 ng/mg @entity1011 , interquartile range [IQR] 10.3-45.4; n = 32) than in those without @entity1988 (median 11.2 ng/mg @entity1011 , IQR 3.1-20.3; n = 38) (P = 0.023). Compared with the values in normal controls (median 4 ng/ml, IQR 0-11.1; n = 14), urinary levels of @entity15901 in @entity1252 @entity1 were significantly higher (non-normalized median 19.3 ng/ml, IQR 8-34.2) (P = 0.004). The presence of @entity15901 in the urine of @entity1 with @entity1988 correlated significantly with the renal SLEDAI score (r = 0.452, P = 0.009), but not with extrarenal disease activity. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of @entity1988 in @entity1252 @entity1 and the prognostic significance of @entity8 support the need for identifying early biomarkers to assess the risk of @entity1310 development and for following up @entity1 with @entity66 . These findings indicate that urinary @entity15901 is a potential marker of the presence and severity of @entity8 in adult @entity1 with @entity1252 .

title: Urinary XXXX is associated with @entity8 activity in @entity1 @entity1988 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal involvement', 'renal disease', 'kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['established disease']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus', 'SLE Disease']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['LN', 'lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity15901 :: (3934,Gene) :: ['lipocalin-2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of @entity1667 for electrical @entity159 during sleep (ESES) in @entity1 . METHOD: The clinical and EEG data of 82 @entity302 @entity1 with ESES, which included @entity302 with centro temporal spikes (BECT) variants, @entity302 with @entity25 ( @entity25 ) , @entity12924 ( @entity12924 ) collected from department of pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital were analyzed from July 2007 to September 2012. During ESES period, all @entity1 received @entity1667 treatment for three courses, which included @entity1667 intravenous infusion for three days, followed by oral @entity229 for four days every time. After three courses, @entity229 [1-2 mg/(kg * d)] were taken by all @entity1 for 6 months. The ESES phenomenon and @entity410 were observed before and after treatment. The efficacy of corticosteroid on ESES suppression, @entity410 control of three @entity302 were analyzed. RESULT: Thirty-nine cases were male and 43 cases were female. The @entity302 syndromes included 49 @entity1 diagnosed as @entity302 with centrotemporal spike (BECT) variants, 27 @entity1 diagnosed as @entity302 with @entity25 ( @entity25 ), and 6 @entity1 diagnosed as @entity12924 . Age of onset ranged from 1 year and 4 months to 11 years. The age of ESES newly monitored was from 2 years to 10 years and 8 months. The total effective rate of corticosteroid was 83% (68/82) for ESES, BECT variants was 82% (40/49), @entity25 was 81% (22/27), @entity12924 was 100% (6/6). There was no statistically significant difference in effective rates between the front two (     = 0.09, P > 0.05). The @entity410 were improved in the first month after @entity1667 treatment in 3 @entity302 syndromes. The recurrence rate of BECT variants was 47% (23/49) , @entity25 was 59% (16/27) , @entity12924 was 50% (3/6) after 1 year follow up. There was no association between disease parameters, including age at @entity410 onset, duration of ESES and the treatment effect of ESES examined by Kruskal-Wallis method (     = 3.585, 0.932, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity1667 was effective for improving ESES and @entity410 in 3 @entity302 syndromes combined with ESES. There was no significant correlation between age at @entity410 onset, duration of ESES and treatment effect of ESES.

title: [Efficacy of XXXX therapy for electrical @entity159 during sleep in @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone', 'Methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity12924 :: ('MESH:D018887', 'Disease') :: ['Landau-Kleffner syndrome', 'LKS']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['continuous spikes and waves during slow sleep', 'CSWS']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['benign childhood epilepsy', 'epilepsy', 'epilepsy syndrome']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity1667 :: (MESH:D008775,Chemical) :: ['methylprednisolone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors sought to elucidate the histogenesis of @entity1124 by correlating @entity984 mutation with mucus type in normal epithelium, @entity1373 ( @entity1373 ), and @entity189 . METHODS: Seventy-four @entity189 ( @entity189 ), 23 @entity189 ( @entity189 ), and specimens of 24 normal pancreata were studied. By histochemical staining, normal duct epithelia, areas of @entity1373 , and @entity189 were classified as having sulfo-type or sialo-type mucus. Foci from normal, DC, SC, sulfo-type, or sialo-type specimens were assessed for @entity984 mutation at codon 12 by nested polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS: Of the @entity189 , 9 were sulfo-type and 65 were sialo-type; all DC specimens were sialo-type, and all normal epithelia were sulfo-type. All foci of sulfo-type, nonneoplastic epithelia were negative for @entity984 mutation. In contrast, 124 of 313 sialo-type @entity1373 foci (40%) had a @entity984 mutation. Of 74 @entity189 , only 3 of 9 sulfo-type @entity5 (33%) were positive for the mutation. Sixty of 65 sialo-type @entity189 (92%) had a @entity984 mutation, whereas 15 of 23 sialo-type @entity189 (65%) had a mutation. @entity984 mutant @entity189 (including both @entity189 and @entity189 ) were associated with @entity984 mutant @entity1373 in 109 of 198 MCHs (55%), whereas @entity189 without a @entity984 mutation had mutations in 6 of 68 MCHs (9%). @entity1373 in normal pancreata revealed @entity984 mutations in 9 of 51 foci (18%). In addition, in @entity984 mutant @entity189 , frequency of @entity984 mutation in @entity1373 increased from 27% (11 of 41 foci) of nonpapillary MCHs to 62% (98 of 157 foci) of papillary MCHs; but in @entity984 wild-type @entity189 , the mutation rate in @entity1373 was unchanged from 12% (3 of 26 foci) to 7% (3 of 42 foci) in nonpapillary and papillary foci, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest a strong relationship between the risk of @entity3123 and the presence of combinations of @entity984 gene mutation, papillary growth, and expression of sialomucin in foci of @entity1373 .

title: Determination of XXXX histogenesis by analysis of mucous quality and @entity984 mutation.

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['MCH', 'mucous cell hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['ductectatic-type carcinomas', 'solid-type carcinomas', 'carcinomas', 'SCs', 'carcinoma', 'DCs']

answer: @entity1124 :: (MESH:D021441,Disease) :: ['pancreatic ductal carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine course and treatment of @entity955 ( @entity955 ) in nonagenarians. Incidence of @entity955 increases with age. Due to the demographic change in the industrialized world, an increase of @entity955 in the group of elderly and very elderly is expected in the next decades. However, only few data exist on the clinical relevance of @entity955 in @entity1 aged 89  years or older. DESIGN: Observational, mono-centric registry. SETTING: University hospital. @entity1 : Of the 11,888 @entity1 included in the Berlin @entity955 (BAF) Registry, 279 @entity1 aged 89  years or older were identified. All @entity1 presented to our hospital with @entity955 between January 2001 and December  2014. MEASUREMENTS: @entity955 type, symptoms, comorbidities, CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED, treatment strategy, and anticoagulant treatment were assessed at baseline. A composite of @entity385 ( @entity385 ), @entity1031 , @entity548 , and @entity204 was the primary endpoint. @entity64 / @entity385 , @entity1031 and @entity548 , presence of @entity955 , new onset of @entity712 and change of NYHA class, and @entity1168 necessitating pacemaker implantation were secondary endpoints. RESULTS: @entity1 (age 92      2.7  years, range 89-108) presented in EHRA class I in 38.4% of the cases, class II in 49.5%, class III in 10%, and class IV in 2%. Rhythm control was attempted in 37 (13.3%) of the @entity1 . Baseline CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED were 5.0      1.3 and 3.1      0.9, respectively. @entity1697 ( @entity1697 ) was initiated in 74 (26.5 %) of the @entity1 . Of all @entity1 , 33 (11.8%) @entity1 died in hospital. Of the remaining @entity1 , 104 were followed over 13.8      17.5  months with 3.5      2.3 visits during follow-up. Rhythm control was attempted in 10 @entity1 (9.6%). @entity1697 was initiated in 37 @entity1 (35.6 %). Fifty-nine (56.7%) @entity1 reached the primary composite endpoint. @entity64 / @entity385 (34.6%) and @entity712 (49%) were common. Subgroup analysis revealed no significant differences in any of the endpoints between @entity1 undergoing rhythm versus rate control and between @entity1 under @entity1697 compared with @entity1 without @entity1697 . INR at follow-up and TTR were 1.76      1.0 and 29.5%      37.8% in @entity1 receiving VKA. CONCLUSION: In this real-world cohort of very elderly @entity1 with @entity955 , a rhythm control strategy and @entity1697 treatment were chosen only in a minority of the cases. If @entity1697 was initiated, most received VKAs with a poor TTR during follow-up. A high incidence of @entity64 / @entity385 was observed in @entity1 with and without @entity1697 . Further data are needed to define optimal treatment of @entity955 in this particular @entity1 group.

title: Treatment of Nonagenarians With @entity955 : Insights From the Berlin XXXX (BAF) Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['OAC', 'Oral anticoagulation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['major bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic events']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial Fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['stroke/transient ischemic attack', 'TIA']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['Atrial Fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the long-term safety and efficacy of hyperopic @entity9762 ( @entity8108 -ALK) for correction of primary @entity3467 and for consecutive @entity3467 following overcorrected myopic refractive surgery. METHODS: A prospective study was done on 67 eyes of 50 consecutive @entity1 who underwent @entity8108 -ALK between March 17, 1993, and August 18, 1995. Hyperopic @entity9762 was performed for primary @entity3467 in 25 eyes (group 1) and for consecutive @entity3467 after myopic refractive surgery in 42 eyes (group 2, radial keratotomy, 41 eyes, and myopic @entity9762 , 1 eye). The eyes were followed up for a mean+/-SD of 19.2+/-12.8 months (range, 3-49 months), 58 (87%) of them with 6 months' follow-up, and 45 (67%) of them with at least 1 year's follow-up. Twenty-one eyes were followed up for 2 to 4 years. RESULTS: The overall mean+/-SD preoperative spherical equivalent was +2.87+/-1.28 diopters (D). The mean+/-SD postoperative spherical equivalent was -0.03+/-1.42 D at 3 months, -0.42+/-2.25 D at 6 months, -0.55+/-3.00 D at 1 year, -1.58+/-1.53 D at 2 years, and -0.35+/-1.79 D at the last follow-up. A mean myopic shift of 0.50 D was noted between 3 months and 1 year, and of 1.00 D between 1 and 2 years. @entity3467 was meaningfully reduced and visual acuity was improved by @entity8108 -ALK, especially for @entity1 with primary @entity3467 . Long-term refractive instability, however, is a serious problem with this procedure. In this series, 11 (26%) of 42 eyes in which @entity8108 -ALK was performed for consecutive @entity3467 developed @entity4499 . CONCLUSION: Based on this study, the long-term instability of @entity8108 -ALK and the high incidence of @entity4499 following the procedure should discourage its use, especially for consecutive @entity3467 following radial keratotomy.

title: Hyperopic XXXX : complications and visual results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4499 :: ('MESH:D007049', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic keratoconus']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopia', 'Hyperopia']

entities_list: @entity9762 :: ('MESH:C535342', 'Disease') :: ['automated lamellar keratoplasty']

answer: @entity9762 :: (MESH:C535342,Disease) :: ['automated lamellar keratoplasty']


abstract: We report a rare case of @entity957 (SCC) of the cheek skin probably arising from @entity9284 . An 80-year-old @entity1 was referred to our clinic because of a black skin nodule in the right cheek. The nodular lesion was 1 cm in diameter, dome-shaped, hard, sharply demarcated, partially erosive and telangiectatic at the border. The lesion was completely excised under the clinical diagnosis of probable @entity24113 . Microscopically, cutaneous horn and mildly atypical squamous epithelia suggestive of previous @entity9284 were present in the surface of the lesion. The lesion consisted of atypical squamous cells with keratinization and intercellular bridges, and it was regarded as SCC. The SCC cells were seen to invade lightly into the upper dermis, where lymphocytic infiltrations and melanophages were noted. Characteristically, heavy deposition of melanin pigment was recognized in the SCC cells as well as in proliferated dendritic and pigment blockade melanocytes that were scattered or colonized within the SCC cell nests. Masson-Fontana stain revealed numerous melanin granules in the SCC cells, as well as in dendritic and pigment blockade melanocytes. Immunohistochemically, the SCC cells were positive for cytokeratins and epithelial membrane antigen, and negative for @entity4483 protein and HMB45 antigen. Dendritic and pigment blockade melanocytes were negative for cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen, and HMB45 antigen, but positive for @entity4483 protein. The present case suggests that SCC cells of the skin may induce proliferation of melanocytes. The differential diagnosis and the histogenesis of pigmented SCC of the skin are discussed.

title: @entity957 of the cheek skin probably arising from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['pigmented squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity9284 :: ('MESH:D007642', 'Disease') :: ['solar keratosis']

entities_list: @entity24113 :: ('MESH:D017492', 'Disease') :: ['seborrheic keratosis']

answer: @entity9284 :: (MESH:D007642,Disease) :: ['solar keratosis']


abstract: @entity68680 (ECV), an agent which produces reversible @entity3126 , was studied for its effects on cultured @entity291 pulmonary artery endothelial cell (BPAE) and @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVE) monolayers. Endothelial cell monolayers 6 days post-confluent were treated with 1 mg/ml ECV for time intervals of from 5 minutes to 15 hours. ECV treatment caused a mild endothelial cell retraction evident at 10 minutes which increased in severity with increasing duration of exposure to ECV. Retraction of endothelial cells resulted in the formation of irregularly delineated gaps between cells, which remained attached to one another by slender filamentous processes. Despite the severity of the endothelial cell lesion, no cell lysis or cell detachment from the substratum occurred. Furthermore, removal of ECV from cell cultures resulted in the reversal of the endothelial cell lesion. Cytochemical distribution of actin microfilaments in control monolayers localized to a dense peripheral band of actin filaments and to a set of interconnected central microfilaments oriented in general parallel to the long axis of the cell. Endothelial cells treated with ECV for as little as 10 minutes showed a loss of F-actin from the dense peripheral band of microfilaments progressing until the dense peripheral band was entirely lost after 4 hours' exposure to ECV. By 4 hours central microfilaments had reorganized into a prominent series of microfilament bundles aligned parallel to each other and to the long axis of the cell. For investigation of a possible loss of attachment sites of actin filaments as the basis for the lesion, the localization of @entity10274 was examined in control and ECV-treated BPAE monolayers. After 2 hours' exposure to ECV, @entity10274 localization within monolayers was affected little, if at all. No effects of ECV on intermediate filaments were observed either. It is proposed that the dense peripheral band of actin bundles is important in maintaining well-spread endothelial cells in monolayers and that ECV acts to destroy the integrity of this structure. It is further proposed that a reaction of endothelial cells to ECV in vivo analogous to that seen in tissue culture accounts for the production of @entity3126 by creating gaps between cells.

title: The effect of XXXX on cultured endothelial cells. A model for the study of the mechanism of increased vascular permeability.

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity68680 :: ('MESH:D004984', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethchlorvynol']

answer: @entity68680 :: (MESH:D004984,Chemical) :: ['ethchlorvynol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Surviving Sepsis Campaign strongly recommends that intravenous antibiotic therapy should be started as early as possible, ideally within the first hour of recognition of severe @entity295 or @entity326 . There is ample evidence that failure to initiate early antimicrobial treatment correlates with increased morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this work was to review the recent literature regarding optimal initial antimicrobial treatment in @entity1 with severe @entity295 and @entity295 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature review was performed. RESULTS: The most frequently quoted papers claiming the overriding prognostic importance of early administered antibiotics are retrospective data analyses. However, an equivalent number of studies report that a group of septic @entity1 do not benefit from early administration of antibiotics, but can also be harmed. In these @entity1 , watchful waiting with administration of a targeted antibiotic can be used, thus, avoiding the possible collateral damage from excessive treatment with antibiotics. Treatment with monotherapy is adequate in most cases. CONCLUSION: The administration of antibiotics based on the local epidemiology should be initiated quickly in critically ill @entity1 with severe @entity295 and @entity326 . In @entity1 who are not in @entity326 , treatment can be withheld, while awaiting further studies or clinical assessment to confirm the suspicion of @entity281 .

title: [First-line anti-infective treatment in XXXX .]

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'sepsis shock']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: The application of basket catheters has become the main method of removing calculi from the biliary and pancreatic duct. However, larger or impacted stones have to be crushed and fragmented by mechanical lithotriptors before removal is possible. Sometimes, @entity174 of the traction wire occurs as a severe and fraught complication. We describe a precautionary measure which helps to manage this complication. @entity1 AND METHODS: In a series of 569 consecutive @entity1 suffering from bile or pancreatic duct stones we found 60 (10.5%) who required mechanical lithotripsy for oversized or impacted calculi. Mechanical lithotripsy was always performed initially with a long metal sheath (80 cm) in combination with a standard traction wire. If the traction wire fractured we replaced the long metal sheath stepwise by shorter ones (70cm, 60cm and 50 cm, respectively), allowing immediate continuation of the lithotriptic procedure using the same traction wire. RESULTS: During the lithotriptic procedure three of our @entity1 (5%) were afflicted by traction wire @entity174 . Two @entity1 could be relieved directly by changing the initial metal sheath to shorter ones. Because of the exceptional hardness of a @entity788 the third @entity1 needed stone fragmentation by extracorporeal shock wave lithrotripsy (ESWL) before complete mechanical clearance of the duct could be accomplished. CONCLUSION: We advocate the initial use of a long metal sheath (80cm) to perform mechanical lithotripsy. In case of traction wire @entity174 the use of a shorter metal sheath allows immediate successful continuation of the procedure, thereby frequently avoiding procedures such as ESWL or surgery.

title: Management of traction wire XXXX complicating mechanical basket lithotripsy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic duct stone']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity13871 is the clinical terms applied to @entity281 of @entity1 with Ascarid @entity2199 in the order Ascaridida, named @entity5603 and @entity9157 . Because in recent years in Iran many @entity1 desire to keep pets ( @entity468 and @entity235 ), and lacking of seroepidemiological study of @entity13871 in Mashhad, we decided to determine the seroprevalence of @entity13871 among @entity1 who own @entity468 and @entity235 in comparison with control group. METHODS: A serological study for detection antibodies to Toxocara in two groups (93 cat and @entity235 owners and 93 healthy @entity1 as control group) was conducted from Feb 2013 to Dec 2013. An ELISA method was employed using determination of IgG antibodies against Toxocara. The serum samples were evaluated for anti-Toxocara antibody, using ELISA technique at Parasitology and Immunology Lab of Imam Reza Hospital of Mashhad. Using a questionnaire, epidemiological factors associated with @entity281 were examined. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test. RESULTS: The seroprevalence of Toxocara antibodies in the pet owners and control group was respectively 20.43% and 1.07%. 47.3% of pet owners were female. CONCLUSION: Presented data showed the significant difference between seroprevalence of @entity13871 among pet owners and control group. Education of society and in particular pet owners consisting of preventing contamination of the environment with Toxocara eggs is advised.

title: Seroepidemiological Study of @entity13871 in the Owners of XXXX and @entity235 in Mashhad, Northeastern Iran.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity5603 :: ('6265', 'Species') :: ['Toxocara canis']

entities_list: @entity13871 :: ('MESH:D014120', 'Disease') :: ['Toxocariasis', 'toxocariasis']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['Domestic Cats']


abstract: Primary @entity2407 is generally a disease of younger females; however, there are cases where symptoms present over the age of 40. These cases are described as late onset. In our current prospective study we compared the characteristics of early and late onset types of primary Raynaud's in 127 @entity1 . In addition to the collection of medical records, we performed capillary-microscopy and hand perfusion scintigraphy using Tc-99 m @entity12306 to evaluate the microcirculation of each @entity1 's fingers. Regarding the spectrum of the capillary-microscopic findings, we did not find any significant difference between the early and late onset forms. However, in hand perfusion examinations done using Tc-99 m DTPA, we measured a significantly lower finger/palm ratio (FPR) in the early onset group of @entity1 . We also observed a correlation between the duration of the disease and the FPR, as well as between the age and FPR. Longer disease duration resulted in a significantly lower FPR. On the basis of our results, we believe that late onset Raynaud's should be treated as a separate entity. Due to its different characteristics found on examination and follow-up of our @entity1 , functional hand perfusion examination should be recommended independently of the age-related characteristics of the disease.

title: XXXX : comparison of late and early onset forms using hand perfusion scintigraphy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ["Raynaud's disease"]

answer: @entity2407 :: (MESH:D011928,Disease) :: ['Raynaud's syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Pumpkin ( @entity22367 ) production relies on insect-mediated pollination, which is provided by managed and wild pollinators. The goals of this study were to measure the visitation frequency, longevity and temporal activity patterns of pumpkin pollinators and to determine if local habitat management and landscape composition affected this pollination service. We used video surveillance to monitor @entity5157 acitivty within male and female pumpkin flowers in 2011 and 2012 across a pollination window of 0600-1200 h. We also quantified the amount of pollen deposited in female flowers across this time period. In 2011, A. mellifera made significantly more floral visits than other @entity5157 , and in 2012 Bombus spp. was the dominant pumpkin pollinator. We found variation in visitation among male and female pumpkin flowers, with A. mellifera visiting female flowers more often and spending longer per visit within them than male flowers in both 2011 and 2012. The squash @entity5157 P. pruinosa visited male flowers more frequently in 2012, but individuals spent equal time in both flower sexes. We did not find variation in the timing of flower visitation among species across the observed pollination window. In both 2011 and 2012 we found that the majority of pollen deposition occurred within the first two hours (0600-0800 h) of observation; there was no difference between the pollen deposited during this two-hour period and full pollination window (0600-1200 h). Local additions of @entity68604 floral strips or a field buffer strip of native wildflowers did not have an effect on the foraging activity of @entity5157 or pollen deposition. However, semi-natural and urban habitats in the surrounding landscape were positively correlated with the frequency of flower visitation by wild pollinators and the amount of pollen deposited within female flowers.

title: Use of video surveillance to measure the influences of habitat management and landscape composition on pollinator visitation and pollen deposition in pumpkin ( XXXX ) agroecosystems.

entities_list: @entity22367 :: ('3663', 'Species') :: ['Cucurbita pepo']

answer: @entity22367 :: (3663,Species) :: ['Cucurbita pepo']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: An Austrian boarding school reported a cluster of @entity1902 on January 10, 2014. Environmental swabs from the school cafeteria and a nearby kebab restaurant tested positive for norovirus. The outbreak was investigated to identify its source(s). METHODS: An outbreak case was defined as a student or staff member with @entity294 or @entity391 that developed between January 7 and 13. Details on food exposure were collected via a self-administered questionnaire; risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Norovirus from the stool specimens of cases and asymptomatic kebab restaurant workers were genotyped. RESULTS: Twenty-eight cases were identified among 144 @entity1 (attack rate 19%). The outbreak emerged and peaked on January 9, and ended on January 12. Compared to those who did not eat kebab, those who ate kebab on 7, 8, and 9 January were respectively 11 (95% CI 4.2-28), 6.7 (95% CI 3.4-13), and 9.3 (95% CI 4.0-22) times more likely to develop disease within the following 2 days. Stool specimens from three cases and three restaurant workers were positive for norovirus GII. @entity3544 . CONCLUSIONS: The kebab prepared by norovirus-positive restaurant workers was the most likely source of the outbreak. It is recommended that food handlers comply strictly with hand hygiene and avoid bare-handed contact with ready-to-eat food to minimize the risk of @entity281 .

title: A norovirus GII. XXXX outbreak in a boarding school, Austria 2014.

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['food-borne infection']

answer: @entity3544 :: (644914,Gene) :: ['P21']


abstract: We previously reported (Gray, T. E., K. Guzman, C. W. Davis, L. H. Abdullah, and P. Nettesheim. 1996. Mucociliary differentiation of serially passaged normal @entity1 tracheobronchial epithelial cells. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 14:104-112) that @entity1968 (RA)-deprived cultures of normal @entity1 tracheobronchial epithelial (NHTBE) cells became squamous, failed to produce @entity3558 , and instead secreted or released large amounts of @entity16977 (LZ). The purpose of the studies reported here was to elucidate the relationship between @entity7245 -induced squamous differentiation and increased LZ, and to determine what mechanisms were involved. We found that intracellular LZ began to accumulate in @entity7245 NHTBE cultures early during squamous differentiation. Between Days 10 and 18 of culture, cellular LZ levels were more than 10 times higher in @entity7245 than in RA-sufficient cultures. On Day 12, large numbers of cells began to exfoliate in @entity7245 cultures and extracellular LZ appeared at the apical surface, presumably released from the exfoliated cells. Metabolic labeling studies showed that the rate of LZ synthesis was not increased in @entity7245 cultures over that in RA-sufficient cultures; however, intracellular LZ half-life was much longer in @entity7245 cultures. We concluded that the increased accumulation of both intra- and extracellular LZ in @entity7245 cultures was due to increased LZ stability and was not the result of increased LZ synthesis. When @entity7245 cultures were treated on Day 7 with 10(-6) M RA, intracellular LZ levels did not substantially decrease until 3 d later, coinciding with a marked increase in @entity3558 secretion. LZ messenger RNA levels were unchanged at 24 h, but were modestly increased (rather than decreased) at all subsequent time points. We concluded that RA does not directly regulate LZ, and that the excessive accumulation of LZ in RA-deprived NHTBE cells is a consequence of @entity904 deficiency-induced abnormal differentiation.

title: XXXX expression during metaplastic squamous differentiation of @entity1968 -deficient @entity1 tracheobronchial epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity7245 :: ('MESH:D000592', 'Disease') :: ['RA-deficient', 'RA deficiency']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity16977 :: (4069,Gene) :: ['Lysozyme']


abstract: @entity1555 are @entity74 caused by mutations in the gene encoding @entity4714 . About 65% of the cases are caused by deletions, while 5-10% are duplications. The remaining 30% of affected individuals may have smaller mutations (point mutations or small deletions/insertions) which cannot be identified by current diagnostic screening strategies. In order to look for pathogenic small mutations in the @entity4714 gene, we have screened the 18 exons located in the hot spot region of this gene through two different single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) conditions. Five different pathogenic mutations were identified in 6 out of 192 @entity1555 / @entity1555 @entity1 without detectable deletions: 2 nonsense, 1 bp insertion, 1 bp deletion and 1 intronic. Except for the intronic change, which alters a splice site, all the others cause a premature stop codon. In addition, 8 apparently neutral changes were identified. However, interestingly, one of them was not identified in 195 normal chromosomes, although it was previously described in a @entity1555 @entity1 from a different population. The possibility that this mutation may be pathogenic is discussed. Except for two neutral changes, all the others are apparently here described for the first time.

title: Novel point mutations in the XXXX gene.

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['BMD', 'Duchenne (DMD) and Becker (BMD) type muscular dystrophies', 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['allelic X-linked recessive disorders']

answer: @entity4714 :: (1756,Gene) :: ['dystrophin']


abstract: @entity32 ( @entity32 ) have been assigned a promising role in the chemoprevention of various @entity5 . However, epidemiological data on the association between NSAID use and @entity1489 ( @entity1489 ) are limited. To explore whether @entity1 regularly exposed to systemic @entity32 are at a reduced risk of @entity1491 ( @entity1491 ) or @entity957 ( @entity957 ), we conducted a population-based case-control analysis using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, a United Kingdom primary care database. We identified 65,398 @entity1 with incident @entity1491 and 7,864 @entity1 with incident @entity957 diagnosed between 1995 and 2013 and matched 1 and 4 @entity1489 -free controls to each @entity1491 and @entity957 case, respectively, on age, sex, general practice, calendar time and years of history in the database. We compared prior NSAID exposure between cases and controls using multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses controlling for several potential confounders. Overall, we found no association between NSAID use and @entity1491 , but when looking exclusively at users of single NSAID substances there was a suggestion of a reduced @entity1491 risk in regular users of @entity117 and @entity5018 (adjusted odds ratio [adj. OR]: 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.85-0.99 and adj. OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.48-0.78, respectively). The risk of @entity957 was slightly decreased in regular users of any @entity32 (adj. OR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.82-0.97), with the strongest risk reduction observed in current users of coxibs (adj. OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.62-0.95). These findings provide evidence that @entity1 predisposed to @entity1489 might benefit from chemoprevention with @entity32 .

title: @entity32 and the risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['NSAIDs', 'Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['nonmelanoma skin cancer', 'NMSC']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinoma', 'BCC']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['nonmelanoma skin cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe morbidity, organ damage, mortality, and cause of @entity204 in patients with @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ). METHODS: Descriptive analysis of 135 @entity1 . @entity1 were clustered according to initial event: arterial @entity715 including @entity64 ( @entity1129 ; n = 46), @entity49 including @entity1151 (VT; n = 53), or pregnancy morbidity (PM; n = 36). Disease progression according to initial event and prevalence of organ damage was observed. RESULTS: @entity1701 occurs among young individuals (mean age 33.3    11.9 yrs). One-third of the @entity1 have @entity1701 secondary to @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) or @entity1252 -like disease. A broad spectrum of clinical manifestations mark the disease onset even before diagnosis. The pattern of initial presentation is preserved with regard to second event; VT is followed by VT (84%), @entity1129 is followed by @entity1129 (95%), and PM is followed by PM (88.9%). The highest morbidity is attributed to @entity16 . PM is more likely to be followed by a second event, yet is associated with less organ damage than @entity1129 and VT. After a mean followup of 7.55 years, 29% of @entity1 experienced organ damage and 5 died, with @entity1252 International Collaborating Clinics score associated with increased mortality (HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.07-1.60, p = 0.01, @entity307 -unit increase); @entity1583 occurred in 2 @entity1 after a cumulative followup of 1020 @entity1 -years. Coexistent @entity1252 adds significant damage in @entity1 with @entity1701 . CONCLUSION: @entity1701 is a disease of young individuals, who experience increased morbidity. @entity16 is the most common cause of morbidity. @entity1129 at presentation as well as coexistent @entity1252 are associated with poor outcome.

title: Morbidity, mortality, and organ damage in patients with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic damage', 'Neurologic damage']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus', 'Systemic Lupus']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['APS', 'antiphospholipid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emboli']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1701 :: (MESH:D016736,Disease) :: ['antiphospholipid syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the impact of 2 systematic transition zone (TZ) biopsies in addition to systematic sextant biopsies in an effort to establish the importance of @entity5 detected in the transition zone. METHODS: Between November 1995 and October 1996, TRUS-guided systematic sextant peripheral zone (PZ) and two additional TZ biopsies were performed on 189 consecutive @entity1 . Radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) was performed to 13 @entity1 with organ-confined @entity263 . The biopsy results of the 52 @entity1 with @entity5 and the pathological specimens of the @entity1 who underwent surgery were compared. RESULTS: Of the 189 @entity1 , 52 (27.5%) had @entity263 of whom 20 (38.5%) both in the PZ and TZ, 31 (59.6%) only in the PZ, and 1 (1.9%) in the TZ only. Of the 96 @entity1 with high serum PSA levels despite normal DRE, 14 had @entity263 . TZ @entity5 only rate was 7.1% (1 in 14 @entity1 ) in this group. RRP was performed to 8 @entity1 who had @entity5 only in the PZ and 5 @entity1 in both TZ and PZ. The pathological stages of the postoperative specimens and extracapsular extension rates of those with @entity5 in the PZ and TZ were significantly higher (p = 0.029 and p = 0.008, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Routine TZ biopsy does not substantially increase the @entity263 detection rate, however it can be useful in selected @entity1 groups. If further studies reveal the relationship of @entity5 in the transition zone, higher capsular extension rate (pT3 @entity5 ) and higher pathological stage after radical surgery, then TZ biopsies may yield additional information that might influence the therapeutic approach.

title: Impact of transition zone biopsies in detection and evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the level of contamination with thermotolerant coliforms ( @entity839 ), @entity11333 in water @entity2772 (Ipomoea aquatica) cultivated in a wastewater-fed lake in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. METHODS: The investigation was carried out from July 2004 to May 2005 in Boeng Cheung Ek lake, a main recipient of wastewater from the city of Phnom Penh. Water @entity2772 samples were collected near two wastewater entry points in the northern part of the lake and near a wastewater exit point in the southern part of the lake, where water is discharged from the lake into a stream. Water @entity2772 samples were harvested at each of the three locations with and without wastewater contact according to the normal practices of farmers, and analysed for @entity839 , protozoan @entity4801 (Giardia, Cryptosporidium and Cyclospora), and helminth eggs ( @entity9124 , @entity13857 and hookworm) using standard methods. Wastewater samples were also collected at each of the three locations and analysed for @entity839 and helminth eggs. RESULTS: High concentrations of @entity839 (approximately 10(5)-10(7)/g) were found in water @entity2772 samples. @entity839 mean counts did not differ significantly, neither between sample types at each location, nor between locations. @entity839 mean concentration of water @entity2772 samples collected in the rainy season of 2005 was higher than that in the dry season of 2004. Protozoan @entity4801 were detected in the samples from all three locations and in water @entity2772 harvested with and without wastewater contact. Giardia spp. were present in 56% (20) of samples with an average cyst concentration of 6.6/g. Mean counts of Giardia were not significantly associated with wastewater contact status of water @entity2772 . Cryptosporidium oocysts were found in 17% (six) of samples with an average concentration of 0.5 oocyst per gram of water @entity2772 . Cyclospora oocysts were detected in 8% (three) of samples. Four (11%) water @entity2772 samples contained helminth eggs (average concentration: 0.1 egg per gram). Water samples contained approximately 10(4)-10(7) @entity839 per 100 ml and a mean of 27.4 helminth eggs per litre. There was a 2-3 log reduction of @entity839 between the water samples collected at the wastewater entry and exit point(s) of the lake. CONCLUSIONS: Water @entity2772 cultivated in the lake was highly contaminated with feces, as indicated by high @entity839 concentrations and the presence of protozoan @entity4801 . A reduction in @entity839 numbers almost to WHO guideline levels for irrigation water occurred through natural biological and physical processes in the lake, as shown by differences in @entity839 counts at wastewater entry and exit points.

title: Faecal and protozoan parasite contamination of water XXXX (Ipomoea aquatica) cultivated in urban wastewater in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

entities_list: @entity11333 :: ('MESH:D007411', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal helminth eggs and protozoan parasites']

entities_list: @entity9124 :: ('6252', 'Species') :: ['Ascaris lumbricoides']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasites']

entities_list: @entity13857 :: ('36087', 'Species') :: ['Trichuris trichura']

answer: @entity2772 :: (3562,Species) :: ['spinach']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of amniotic membrane in reducing @entity32 , @entity82 , adhesion formation, and ocular motility restrictions following strabismus surgery. METHODS: In the first stage of this prospective, randomized study, 17 @entity95 underwent superior rectus muscle recession in both eyes. Surgery was performed in the same manner, but @entity1 amniotic membrane was placed over the muscle without sutures in the right eye after recession. After 15 days, the @entity95 were killed and their orbits were exenterated and evaluated histopathologically to quantify tissue @entity32 and @entity82 . In the second stage, 5 @entity95 underwent the same procedure but were killed after 30 days. A dynamometer was used to measure the force required to displace all eyes. RESULTS: At 15 days postoperatively, eyes with amniotic membrane exhibited an increased inflammatory response and less @entity82 than eyes without amniotic membrane. At 30 days postoperatively, eyes with amniotic membrane continued to exhibit @entity32 and less @entity82 than eyes without amniotic membrane. In the dynamometer test, more force was needed to displace eyes without amniotic membrane after 15 days, but there was no significant difference between the forces required at 30 days. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 amniotic membrane in @entity95 led to an increase in the inflammatory process and a decrease in @entity82 formation following strabismus surgery. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2014;51(6):341-347.].

title: Amniotic membrane for reducing the formation of adhesions in strabismus surgery: experimental study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'increased inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: In several studies from northern Europe, north America and Australia, @entity8205 are correlated with pigmentary traits and with intense sun exposure in a way similar to @entity320 . However, it is unclear if these data can be extrapolated to populations in other geographic locations and with different prevalent phenotypes. Our study was conducted among schoolchildren aged 13-14 years in 16 Italian cities. The parents of 3,127 @entity1 of a total of 3,160 (99%) consented to our study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information about sun exposure and lifetime history of sunburns. @entity1 were also examined by trained dermatologists to assess pigmentary traits and to make a count of @entity8205 . The median nevus density was higher among @entity1 than @entity1 . Areas that are usually chronically exposed to the sun exhibited a higher density of nevi compared to intermittently and rarely exposed areas. A higher density of nevi was found in @entity1 with lighter skin, blond hair and blue eyes. Red-haired @entity1 had a remarkably lower nevus density compared to the other color categories. The density of nevi increased with an increased number of reported episodes of sunburns. The results concerning nevi >/=6 mm in diameter paralleled those obtained for the total nevus density. However, at variance with total nevus density, a significant relation was also observed between larger nevi and freckling. Our study confirms that, in Italian schoolchildren, there is a relation between pigmentary traits, history of sunburns and the density of @entity8205 . @entity8205 and @entity320 share a similar risk factor profile.

title: The density of XXXX correlates with constitutional variables and history of sunburns: a prevalence study among Italian schoolchildren.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity8205 :: ('MESH:D009508', 'Disease') :: ['melanocytic nevi', 'Melanocytic nevi']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity8205 :: (MESH:D009508,Disease) :: ['melanocytic nevi']


abstract: Importance: Although adults with @entity161 have a significantly increased risk of premature mortality, sample size limitations of previous research have hindered the identification of the underlying causes. Objective: To describe overall and cause-specific mortality rates and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for adults with @entity161 compared with the US general population. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : We identified a national retrospective longitudinal cohort of @entity1 with @entity161 20 to 64 years old in the Medicaid program (January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2007). The cohort included 1   138   853 individuals, 4   807   121 years of follow-up, and 74   003 @entity204 , of which 65   553 had a known cause. Main Outcomes and Measures: Mortality ratios for the @entity161 cohort standardized to the general population with respect to age, sex, race/ethnicity, and geographic region were estimated for all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Mortality rates per 100   000 @entity1 -years and the mean years of potential life lost per @entity204 were also determined. Death record information was obtained from the National Death Index. Results: Adults with @entity161 were more than 3.5 times (all-cause SMR, 3.7; 95% CI, 3.7-3.7) as likely to die in the follow-up period as were adults in the general population. @entity65 had the highest mortality rate (403.2 per 100   000 @entity1 -years) and an SMR of 3.6 (95% CI, 3.5-3.6). Among 6 selected @entity5 , @entity2 had the highest mortality rate (74.8 per 100   000 @entity1 -years) and an SMR of 2.4 (95% CI, 2.4-2.5). Particularly elevated SMRs were observed for @entity1030 (9.9; 95% CI, 9.6-10.2) and @entity55 (7.0; 95% CI, 6.7-7.4). Accidental @entity204 (119.7 per 100   000 @entity1 -years) accounted for more than twice as many @entity204 as suicide (52.0 per 100   000 @entity1 -years). Nonsuicidal substance-induced @entity204 , mostly from @entity285 or other drugs, was also a leading cause of @entity204 (95.2 per 100   000 @entity1 -years). Conclusions and Relevance: In a US national cohort of adults with @entity161 , excess @entity204 from cardiovascular and @entity1576 implicate modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, including especially @entity286 use. @entity204 directly attributable to @entity285 or other drugs highlight threats posed by @entity734 . More aggressive identification and management of cardiovascular risk factors, as well as reducing @entity286 use and @entity734 , should be leading priorities in the medical care of adults with @entity161 .

title: Premature Mortality Among Adults With XXXX in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants', 'person']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['influenza and pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['Excess deaths', 'death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['Schizophrenia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Erosive-destructive changes in @entity309 particularly in the large joints of the lower limbs often result in the @entity1 's immobility. The aim of this retrospective study was to weigh the benefits of multiple joint replacement in @entity309 against the specific complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 1977 until 31 December 1998, 215 @entity1 with proven @entity309 (according to the ACR classification) received three or four endoprostheses in the lover limbs. In a retrospective study with a standard questionnaire and evaluation of the @entity1 record, we were able to assess 201 @entity309 @entity1 (93.5%) who received 688 endoprostheses (93.7%), with 347 total hip prostheses (THR) and 341 total knee prostheses (TKR). RESULTS: There was a significant improvement of the @entity1 's ability to walk and in 16.9% of the cases even a remobilization of the @entity309 @entity1 who had been unable to walk before surgery. On the other hand, there were significant complications--in the majority of the cases (appr. 60%) with total knee replacement. Together the complications per implant had an extremely high complication rate of 43.8% (n=88) per @entity309 @entity1 . DISCUSSION: Due to the long-term follow-up of 22 years (1977 through 1998), we were able to demonstrate that with a new implant generation and a more a careful indication this unacceptable complication rate can be reduced considerably. However, the multiple joint replacement of the lower limbs remains a difficult method with a high complication rate and should therefore only be performed at orthopedic rheumatological centers.

title: [Multiple joint replacement of the lower limbs in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'rheumatoid']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: Clinical studies on @entity5 and @entity1569 @entity1 have shown that plasma and urinary @entity1255 ( @entity5784 ) responds to @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) therapy, indicating that Hcy in extracellular fluids may be an indicator of the antifolate effect. However, the clinical data indicate that the burden of proliferating cells, @entity137 and the @entity1501 status are also determinants of extracellular Hcy. To evaluate this further, we investigated the modulation of cellular Hcy egress by @entity1500 , rescue agents, cell proliferation and @entity137 . Nontransformed and chemically transformed fibroblasts and @entity19 @entity706 cells, which are characterized by different growth behavior and @entity1500 response, were used. The Hcy export rate was correlated positively with the proliferation rate in all cell types. @entity4181 or @entity7615 added to fibroblasts not exposed to @entity1500 reduced the Hcy export rate, whereas the export from the @entity706 cells was not affected. All cells types exposed to @entity1500 were rescued by @entity1014 + @entity3625 , and this allowed the assessment of Hcy export during @entity1500 exposure without interference from @entity137 . In the fibroblasts, @entity1500 with @entity1014 + @entity3625 rescue induced a marked increase in Hcy export, and the dose-response paralleled the @entity137 curves obtained for @entity1500 without rescue. Nontoxic concentrations of @entity1500 without rescue enhanced the Hcy export. When @entity1500 concentration was increased further, Hcy export was stimulated initially, and then declined rapidly as cell death ensued. @entity1500 did not enhance the Hcy export from the @entity706 cells and, in the absence of rescue, the Hcy export from these cells declined in proportion to inhibition of cell growth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Interaction between @entity1499 , "rescue" agents and cell proliferation as modulators of XXXX export from cells in culture.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['5-Formyltetrahydrofolate']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3625 :: ('MESH:D019271', 'Chemical') :: ['hypoxanthine']

entities_list: @entity7615 :: ('MESH:C005984', 'Chemical') :: ['5-methyltetrahydrofolate']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1255 :: (MESH:D006710,Chemical) :: ['homocysteine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare dosimetric endpoints between proton therapy (PT) and conventional radiation and determine the feasibility of PT for regional nodal irradiation (RNI) in @entity1 with @entity0 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: From 2012 to 2014, 18 @entity1 (stage IIA-IIIB) requiring RNI prospectively enrolled on a pilot study. Median age was 51.8  years (range, 42-73  years). The cohort included breast-conserving therapy (BCT) and mastectomy @entity1 and right- and left-sided @entity5 . Treatment targets and organs at risk were delineated on computed tomography scans, and PT and conventional plans were developed. @entity137 was prospectively recorded using Common Terminology Criteria for  Adverse Events version 4.0. A Wilcoxon signed-rank sum test compared the dose-volume parameters. The primary endpoint was a reduction in cardiac V5. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 20  months (range, 2-31  months). For all @entity1 , the PT plan better met the dosimetric goals and was used for treatment. Proton therapy alone was used for 10 @entity1 (9 postmastectomy, 1 after BCT) and combined proton-photon in 8 (6 BCT, 2 postmastectomy with immediate expander reconstruction). Proton therapy improved coverage of level 2 axilla (P=.0005). Adequate coverage of internal mammary nodes was consistently achieved with PT (median D95, 50.3  Gy; range, 46.6-52.1  Gy) but not with conventional radiation therapy (median D95, 48.2  Gy; range, 40.8-55  Gy; P=.0005). Median cardiac V5 was 0.6% with PT and 16.3% with conventional radiation (P<.0001). Median ipsilateral lung V5 and V20 were improved with PT (median V5 35.3% vs 60.5% [P<.0001]; and median V20, 21.6% vs 35.5% [P<.0001]). Grade 3 @entity1909 developed in 4 @entity1 (22%), which was the only grade 3 @entity137 . No grade 4+  @entity137 developed. CONCLUSION: Proton therapy for RNI after mastectomy or BCT significantly improves cardiac dose, especially for left-sided @entity1 , and lung V5 and V20 in all @entity1 without excessive acute @entity137 . Proton therapy simultaneously improves target coverage for the internal mammary nodes and level 2 axilla, which may positively impact long-term survival in @entity0 @entity1 .

title: Initial Report of a Prospective Dosimetric and Clinical Feasibility Trial Demonstrates the Potential of Protons to Increase the Therapeutic Ratio in XXXX Compared With Photons.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3885 and @entity409 have both been linked to tissue hypoperfusion in @entity9231 , but their relative contributions to the disease's pathogenesis and outcome are unknown. METHODS: Microvascular blood flow was quantified in adults with severe @entity9231 on their admission to hospital; plasma biomarkers of endothelial function were measured simultaneously. The relationship between these indices and the @entity1 ' clinical findings and in-hospital course was examined. RESULTS: @entity3885 was observed in 119/142 (84 %) @entity1 ; a median (interquartile range (IQR)) of 14.9 % (6.6-34.9 %) of capillaries were obstructed in @entity1 that died versus 8.3 % (1.7-26.6 %) in survivors (P = 0.039). The proportion of obstructed capillaries correlated with the estimated parasite biomass (rs = 0.25, P = 0.004) and with plasma @entity880 (rs = 0.38, P <0.0001), the strongest predictor of @entity204 in the series. Plasma @entity877 ( @entity877 ) concentrations were markedly elevated suggesting widespread endothelial activation; the median (IQR) @entity877 concentration was 21.9 ng/mL (13.4-29.4 ng/mL) in @entity1 that died versus 14.9 ng/mL (9.8-29.3 ng/mL) in survivors (P = 0.035). @entity877 concentrations correlated with estimated parasite biomass (rs = 0.35, P <0.001) and plasma @entity880 (rs = 0.37, P <0.0001). @entity3885 and @entity877 concentrations were not significantly correlated with each other (rs = 0.17, P = 0.06), but were independently associated with plasma @entity880 (P <0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3885 and systemic endothelial activation are independently associated with plasma @entity880 , the strongest predictor of @entity204 in adults with @entity9231 . This supports the hypothesis that the two processes make an independent contribution to the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of the disease.

title: @entity3885 and endothelial activation are independently associated with the clinical manifestations of severe XXXX in adults: an observational study.

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['Microvascular obstruction']

entities_list: @entity9231 :: ('MESH:D016778', 'Disease') :: ['falciparum malaria']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity9231 :: (MESH:D016778,Disease) :: ['falciparum malaria']


abstract: The @entity17839 (RABV) is an enveloped RNA virus. It mainly damages the central nervous system and causes @entity10413 in mammals and @entity1 . There is now compelling evidence that enveloped virions released from infected cells can carry many host proteins, some of which may play an important part in viral replication. Several host proteins have been reported to be incorporated into RABV particles. However, a systematic study to reveal the proteomics of RABV particles has not been conducted. In the present study, after virus culture and purification by @entity969 density gradient ultracentrifugation, a proteomics approach was used to analyze the protein composition of purified RABV particles to understand the molecular mechanisms of virus-cell interactions. Fifty host proteins, along with five virus-encoded structural proteins, were identified in purified RABV particles. These proteins could be classified into ten categories according to function: intracellular trafficking (14%), molecular chaperone (12%), cytoskeletal (24%), signal transduction (8%), transcription regulation (12%), @entity460 ion-binding (6%), enzyme binding (6%), metabolic process (2%), ubiquitin (2%) and other (14%). Of these, four proteins (beta-actin, p-tubulin, @entity12386 , @entity9487 ) were validated by western blotting to be present in purified RABV particles. This novel study of the composition of host proteins in RABV particles may aid investigation of the mechanism of RABV replication.

title: [Proteomic Analyses of Purified Particles of the XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity10413 :: ('MESH:D000757', 'Disease') :: ['anencephaly']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity17839 :: (11292,Species) :: ['Rabies Virus']


abstract: AIMS: To estimate the incidence and describe the clinical presentation and outcome ( @entity134 responsiveness, clinical course, complications) of @entity3441 in @entity1 in a population-based retrospective study. METHODS: Using local registries and the hospital discharge diagnosis system from two centers, all new cases of @entity3441 were identified in Gironde (France) between January  1992  and May  2008. To estimate incidence, population-based denominators were obtained from the National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE). Clinical data were collected from medical charts. RESULTS: Ninety-nine cases of @entity3441 were reported (66  @entity1 , 18  non-Caucasians) with an incidence of 2.3/100,000 (CI, 1.8-3.0) @entity1 less than 15years. Ninety @entity1 (91%) had @entity134 -sensitive @entity1985 (SSNS) and nine (9%) were @entity134 -resistant (SRNS). The median time to remission in SSNS was 11days. Relapses occurred in 75 (83%) @entity1 with SSNS with a median of four relapses (range, 1-32). The cumulative relapse-free incidence was 60% at 10years after diagnosis in SSNS and 13% of @entity1 aged 18years old or over still had active disease. In SSNS, the only significant factor associated with @entity134 dependency or use of non @entity134 drugs was the time to initial response to steroids greater than 14days. Nineteen @entity1 (19%) experienced severe complications of @entity1985 including 11  @entity1031 . Two @entity1 with SRNS, of whom one was initially @entity134 -responsive, developed @entity454 . CONCLUSION: The incidence and outcome of @entity3441 in Gironde are comparable to the rates found in other studies. The disease may have a long course and the time for response to @entity230 at disease onset is the main predictor of @entity134 dependency and of use of non @entity134 agents.

title: [Idiopathic @entity1985 in XXXX : Incidence, clinical presentation, and outcome in the county of Gironde, France].

entities_list: @entity3441 :: ('MESH:C535761', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections and two thromboembolic complications']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Shivering associated with spinal anesthesia during Cesarean delivery is an uncomfortable experience for the parturient, which may also cause adverse effects. In this prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we sought to evaluate the effect of intrathecal @entity6948 , administered as an adjunct to hyperbaric @entity1341 for Cesarean delivery, on the incidence and severity of shivering associated with spinal anesthesia. @entity1 undergoing Cesarean delivery were randomly allocated to three groups of 30 @entity1 each. Experimental treatments were added to hyperbaric @entity1341 as follows: @entity1 in group I (control) were administered isotonic saline. @entity1 in groups II and III received @entity6948 (2.5, 5     g, respectively), mixed with isotonic saline. Shivering was observed in 11, 10 and 2 @entity1 in groups I, II and III, respectively. The incidence of shivering in group III was significantly lower than that in groups I (p=0.005) and II (p=0.01). The severity of shivering was significantly different between the three groups (p=0.01). There were no significant inter-group differences with respect to mean arterial pressure and heart rate at any time point after administration of intrathecal local anesthesia (p>0.05). Intrathecal @entity6948 (5     g) administered as an adjunct to hyperbaric @entity1341 during Cesarean delivery significantly reduced the incidence and intensity of shivering associated with spinal anesthesia.

title: Intrathecal XXXX Alleviates Shivering during Cesarean Delivery under Spinal Anesthesia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['dexmedetomidine']

answer: @entity6948 :: (MESH:D020927,Chemical) :: ['Dexmedetomidine']


abstract: HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: A 26-year-old @entity1 had a prolonged @entity221 , 10 kg weight loss and generalized @entity3329 , first diagnosed as a @entity706 . On admission he was febrile and in a markedly reduced physical condition. Submandibular, angular, cubital and inguinal lymph nodes were slightly enlarged bilaterally. INVESTIGATIONS: Serology and blood cultures were negative. Sonography and computed tomography showed enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, mediastinum, axillae, retroperitoneum and mesentery. Biopsies of lymph nodes and bone marrow revealed changes characteristic of @entity12692 . TREATMENT AND COURSE: @entity229 was administered, 20 mg daily for 20 days, the dose gradually reduced over 4 months. The @entity221 ceased after 14 days and the @entity1 's working capacity was fully restored after 7 weeks. CONCLUSION: In a case of prolonged @entity221 of unknown cause @entity12692 should be included in the differential diagnosis. It at first consists of polyclonal lymphatic proliferation. But transformation to @entity706 and systemic @entity2826 have been described in the disease's generalized form.

title: [ XXXX --a rare cause of a febrile state with @entity3329 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity2826 :: ('MESH:D012514', 'Disease') :: ["Kaposi's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisone']

entities_list: @entity12692 :: ('MESH:D005871', 'Disease') :: ["Castleman's disease"]

answer: @entity12692 :: (MESH:D005871,Disease) :: ['Castleman's disease']


abstract: The objective of this study was to describe patterns and predictors of work absence in the prospective, community-based Maine Carpal Tunnel Study. Three hundred fifteen @entity1 with @entity923 ( @entity923 ) were recruited from physicians' offices throughout Maine. The @entity1 completed questionnaires at entry and after 6, 18, and 30 months. The questionnaires included scales measuring symptom severity, functional status, general and mental health status, exposure to physical stressors, work status, and other indicators. The analyses examined univariate and multivariate correlates of work absence. The mean age was 43, 72% of subjects were female, 71% underwent carpal tunnel release, and 45% were receiving Workers' Compensation. Fifty-two percent worked in managerial or technical occupations, 15% in service occupations, and 13% in heavy labor or machine operation. Forty-five percent of @entity1 changed jobs or were absent from work (aside from postoperative recovery) during the 30-month follow-up. In multivariate logistic regression models, correlates of work absence at 18 months included worse functional status of the hand at study entry and at 6-month follow-up, involvement of an attorney at the time of enrollment (P < 0.002 for each), and work absence at 6 months (P = 0.03). Worse upper extremity functional status and having a contested Workers' Compensation claim are critical predictors of work absence and should be principal targets of interventions to reduce @entity717 in @entity923 .

title: Prevalence and predictors of long-term @entity717 due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome', 'CTS']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['work disability']

answer: @entity923 :: (MESH:D002349,Disease) :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']


abstract: A signaling cascade that includes @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ), Ras, and @entity44985 regulates @entity40330 ( @entity41579 ) gene expression in epidermal keratinocytes (Efimova, T., LaCelle, P., Welter, J. F., and Eckert, R. L. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 24387-24395 and Efimova, T., and Eckert, R. L. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 1601-1607). Because signal transfer downstream of @entity44985 may involve several MAPK kinases (MEKs), it is important to evaluate the regulatory role of each MEK isoform. In the present study we evaluate the role of @entity32027 in transmitting this signal. Constitutively active @entity32027 (caMEK6) increases @entity41579 promoter activity and increases endogenous @entity41579 levels. The caMEK6-dependent increase in gene expression is inhibited by the p38 MAPK inhibitor, @entity1441 , and is associated with a marked increase in @entity1435 MAPK activity; JNK and ERK kinases are not activated. In addition, @entity41579 gene expression is inhibited by dominant-negative @entity1435 and increased when caMEK6 and @entity1435 are co-expressed. caMEK6 also activates @entity10887 , but @entity10887 inhibits the caMEK6-dependent activation. These results suggest that @entity32027 increases @entity41579 gene expression by regulating the balance between activation of @entity1435 , which increases gene expression, and @entity10887 , which decreases gene expression.

title: @entity32027 regulates human @entity40330 gene expression via a XXXX - and @entity10887 -dependent mechanism.

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

answer: @entity1435 :: (1432,Gene) :: ['p38alpha']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Eosinophil infiltration is a histological feature of @entity788 ( @entity788 ). However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying eosinophilic infiltration. In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression of the @entity14700 , @entity25541 , in @entity1 pancreatic myofibroblasts. METHODS: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and quantitative polymerase chain reactions were used to quantify @entity25541 protein and messenger RNA levels, respectively. RESULTS: @entity25541 expression was induced by T helper type 2 cytokines, @entity3646 ( @entity3646 ) and @entity4047 , in time- and dose-dependent manners. Both @entity3646 and @entity4047 induced the rapid phosphorylation of @entity8850 ( @entity8850 ), and @entity8850 -specific small interfering RNA significantly blocked @entity3646 expression, indicating involvement of @entity8850 signaling pathways in @entity25541 induction. In contrast, @entity19933 ( @entity19933 ) protein-specific small interfering RNA experiments suggested that the @entity19933 family proteins are negative regulators of @entity3646 expression in pancreatic myofibroblasts. Interferon-y significantly inhibited @entity3646 expression, and this response was mediated by @entity6897 activation. CONCLUSIONS: Pancreatic myofibroblasts may be a cellular source of @entity25541 in the pancreas. The T helper type 2 cytokines, @entity3646 and @entity4047 , are critical factors for the induction of @entity25541 in the pancreas.

title: @entity25541 ( XXXX ) Expression in @entity1 Pancreatic Myofibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune pancreatitis', 'AIP']

entities_list: @entity8850 :: ('6778', 'Gene') :: ['signal transducer and activator of transcription 6', 'STAT6']

entities_list: @entity14700 :: ('6356', 'Gene') :: ['eosinophil chemotactic protein']

entities_list: @entity19933 :: ('1154', 'Gene') :: ['SOCS', 'suppressor of cytokine signaling']

entities_list: @entity3646 :: ('3565', 'Gene') :: ['IL-4- and IL-13-induced eotaxin-3', 'IL-4', 'interleukin-4']

answer: @entity25541 :: (10344,Gene) :: ['CCL26']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity513 ( @entity513 ) is diagnosed with or without a @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) component. Previous analyses have found significant differences in @entity5 characteristics between pure @entity513 lacking @entity3821 and mixed @entity513 with @entity3821 . We will test our hypothesis that pure @entity513 represents a form of @entity0 with etiology and risk factors distinct from mixed @entity513 / @entity3821 . METHODS: We compared reproductive risk factors for @entity0 risk, as well as family and smoking history between 831 @entity1 with mixed @entity513 / @entity3821 (n  =  650) or pure @entity513 (n  =  181), and 1,620 controls, in the context of the @entity1 's Circle of Health Study (WCHS), a case-control study of @entity0 in African-American and European-American @entity1 . Data on reproductive and lifestyle factors were collected during interviews, and @entity5 characteristics were abstracted from pathology reports. Case-control and case-case analyses were conducted using unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Most risk factors were similarly associated with pure @entity513 and mixed @entity513 / @entity3821 . However, among postmenopausal @entity1 , risk of pure @entity513 was lower in @entity1 with body mass index (BMI) 25 to <30 [odds ratio (OR) 0.66; 95  % confidence interval (CI) 0.35-1.23] and BMI  >=   30 (OR 0.33; 95  % CI 0.18-0.67) compared to @entity1 with BMI  <  25, with no associations with mixed @entity513 / @entity3821 . In case-case analyses, @entity1 who breastfed up to 12  months (OR 0.55; 95  % CI 0.32-0.94) or longer (OR 0.47; 95  %  CI 0.26-0.87) showed decreased odds of pure @entity513 than mixed @entity513 / @entity3821 compared to those who did not breastfeed. CONCLUSIONS: Associations with some @entity0 risk factors differed between mixed @entity513 / @entity3821 and pure @entity513 , potentially suggesting differential developmental pathways. These findings, if confirmed in a larger study, will provide a better understanding of the developmental patterns of @entity0 and the influence of modifiable risk factors, which in turn could lead to better preventive measures for pure @entity513 , which have worse disease prognosis compared to mixed @entity513 / @entity3821 .

title: XXXX risk factor associations differ for pure versus invasive carcinoma with an in situ component in case-control and case-case analyses.

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma in situ', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['IDC', 'Invasive ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An attempt was made to determine whether measurement of the systolic pressure with the Doppler ultrasonic technique can be used to detect occlusions of the digital arteries. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 92 @entity1 (44 @entity1 , 48 @entity1 ) with an average age of 47.5 years (range: 19-82 years) were investigated. Of these, 17 were diagnosed with a primary @entity2407 , 45 with a secondary, and 5 @entity1 with a suspected secondary @entity2407 ; 25 @entity1 had digital occlusions of varying genesis. In all @entity1 , the Doppler ultrasonic technique was applied to measure the systolic pressure of the digital arteries of both hands at a room temperature of 21-24 degrees Celsius without any additional thermal (warm or cold) provocation or use of vasodilatory agents; the results obtained were compared with arteriographs of the hands. RESULTS: While the sensitivity of the Doppler ultrasonic technique was a very low 55%, the specificity was a very high 95%. With a prevalence of 68%, the positive predictive value was 96%, the negative predictive value 50%. In the case of angiographically patent digital arteries with no @entity508 , the Doppler ultrasonic-measured systolic pressure was up to 30 mmHg above, and up to 25 mmHg below, the systolic pressure measured in the ipsilateral brachial artery. A pressure gradient between upper arm and digital arteries of this order of magnitude therefore does not exclude pathological changes. Only angiography was able reliably to detect vascular stenoses and occlusions. CONCLUSION: Reliable exclusion of digital @entity432 using the Doppler ultrasonic technique without testing for @entity2553 is not possible. Only occlusions of digital arteries together with simultaneous occlusions of hand arteries can be reliably detected. Owing to the considerable scatter of the systolic blood pressure gradient between brachial and digital arteries, the Doppler ultrasonic technique cannot be used to distinguish between patent and occluded digital arteries without the use of additional vasodilation.

title: Does the measurement of digital arterial pressure using the Doppler ultrasonic technique without testing for XXXX to detect digital @entity432 make good sense?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spastic narrowing']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ["Raynaud's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusions']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

answer: @entity2553 :: (MESH:D020301,Disease) :: ['vasospasm']


abstract: PURPOSE: To differentiate between the phenomenon of collateral perfusion from a side branch versus graft-related @entity1070 after endovascular repair of @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ), with respect to @entity439 size and prognosis. METHODS: We successfully treated 64 @entity1028 @entity1 with endovascular grafting. We followed all the @entity1 postoperatively with spiral computed tomography at one, three, six and 12 months, and biannually thereafter. We measured @entity439 diameters preoperatively and postoperatively. We calculated preoperatively the relation of maximum aortic diameter (D) to the @entity715 -free lumen diameter (L) expressed as an L/D ratio. Median follow-up was 15 months. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 had collateral perfusion during follow-up. We successfully treated two @entity1 with embolization. One @entity1 showed resolution of collateral perfusion after we stopped warfarin treatment. Two @entity1 died of unrelated causes during follow-up. One @entity1 was converted to surgical treatment, and two @entity1 showed spontaneous resolution of their collateral perfusion. The group of @entity1 with perfusion showed no statistically significant change of their aortic diameter on follow-up. The group of @entity1 without perfusion showed a median decrease in aortic diameter of 8mm (p < 0.0001) at 18 months postoperatively. The group of @entity1 with perfusion had significantly less @entity715 in their @entity439 sac preoperatively than the group without perfusion, as expressed by the L/D ratio (mean L/D 0,61 versus 0,78, respectively; p=0.0021.) CONCLUSION: There was no significant increase in aortic diameter on an average 18 months postoperatively despite persistent collateral perfusion. This may indicate a halted disease progression in the short term. Embolization of collateral vessels is associated with risk of @entity451 . We recommend a conservative approach with close observation if @entity439 diameter is stable.

title: Persistent collateral perfusion of @entity1028 after endovascular repair does not lead to progressive change in XXXX diameter.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['endoleaks']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'AAA']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysm']