abstract: Large surface-area burns in @entity1 have been associated with a severe @entity73 in cardiac performance, as evidenced by a decline in cardiac output. The mechanisms responsible for this profound @entity296 are largely unknown. We investigated the effects of lymph isolated from the scalded hind limb of @entity235 on regional myocardial blood flow, coronary vascular reactivity, and contractile performance. @entity235 were instrumented with ultrasonic dimension crystals in the @entity1562 supplied by the @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) and by the left circumflex (LCx) coronary arteries. After cannulating a hind limb lymphatic, lymph was infused directly into the @entity1347 before and after a 10-second 100 degrees C hind limb scald. @entity5391 alone did not alter myocardial contractile performance in the @entity1347 or LCx regions, coronary artery blood flow, or systemic hemodynamics. Interestingly, postburn lymph infused into the @entity1347 resulted in a 38% decline in @entity1347 zone segment shortening (p < 0.01 vs baseline) that lasted throughout the 5-hour observation period. In contrast, segment shortening in the (control) LCx region was unaffected by postburn lymph injections into the @entity1347 . Regional myocardial blood flow (radiolabeled microspheres) in the @entity1347 and LCx regions was unchanged after @entity130 or intracoronary injection of postburn lymph. In addition, @entity1347 coronary artery vascular reactivity to @entity934 and @entity1242 was also unaffected by the regional thermal injury or by injection of lymph into the @entity1347 . These data suggest that a @entity130 results in the production and release of a potent @entity296 factor(s) that produces a direct negative inotropic effect on the @entity235 @entity1562 .

title: Lymph isolated from a XXXX produces a negative inotropic effect in @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial depressant', 'myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['LAD', 'left anterior descending']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['scald injury', 'regional scald injury']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['regional scald injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endogenous and exogenous sex hormones affect changes in body composition during aging via independent and dependent effects on the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/ @entity442 ) @entity2270 and associated binding proteins (BP). METHODS: Fasting serum @entity442 , @entity2301 , @entity251 , @entity1815 , and sex hormone binding globulin were analyzed in 48 @entity1 on hormone replacement (HRT) (unopposed oral @entity172 , HRT+, 74.0 +/- 6 years), 135 @entity1 not on HRT (HRT-, 77.3 +/- 7 years), and 128 healthy @entity1 ( @entity1 , ). Total lean body mass (LBM) and total fat were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: Total LBM decreased with age in all groups (p = .05). LBM was greater, and @entity442 , @entity2301 , and @entity251 were lower in HRT+ versus HRT- @entity1 (p = .02, p = .01, p = .04, and, respectively). LBM in @entity1 was positively related to @entity442 (p = .02) and @entity251 (p < .01), whereas LBM was associated with @entity2301 (p = .04) and total fat (p < .001) in female HRT+ and total fat (p < .01) in HRT- @entity1 . @entity442 decreased with age in @entity1 and HRT- @entity1 (p < .01) but did not decrease in HRT+ @entity1 . Total fat significantly decreased across age (p < .05). Controlling for age and HRT, the rate of decrease in fat was slower in @entity1 versus @entity1 (p = .02). @entity2301 decreased in all groups across age (p < .01), and the ratio of @entity442 to @entity2301 decreased faster in @entity1 compared to HRT+ and HRT- @entity1 (p = .02). CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate divergent influences of sex @entity230 , @entity442 , and @entity2301 on age-related changes in LBM in healthy elderly @entity1 and @entity1 .

title: Serum Sex Hormones, XXXX , and @entity2301 Exert a Sexually Dimorphic Effect on Lean Body Mass in Aging.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity442 :: (3479,Gene) :: ['IGF-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in @entity1 with stage I @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) in terms of radiation-induced changes and computed tomography (CT) features of local recurrence by @entity419 positron emission tomography ( @entity419 -PET). METHODS: From January 2006 to December 2012, 81 @entity1 with @entity1149 received SBRT. Follow-up consisted of non-contrast enhanced CT scans performed before and every four months after SBRT. In addition, @entity419 -PET/CT was conducted before SBRT for each @entity1 , and one year later for each case suspected of recurrence. The CT findings were classified into two categories: mass-like @entity82 and others. The mass-like @entity82 category was subdivided into two patterns: mass-like consolidation (with air bronchogram) and mass-like @entity231 . RESULTS: Six @entity1 had histologically confirmed local recurrence, including 83% (5/6) with mass-like @entity231 pattern and one case of modified conventional pattern (P = 0.02). In contrast, the non-recurrent group exhibited only 7% (5/75) with mass-like @entity231 and 13% (10/75) with mass-like consolidation pattern. Five @entity1 with local recurrence presented with the mass-like @entity231 pattern, compared with 33% of @entity1 (5/15) from the non-recurrent group (P = 0.01) and showed an increase in maximum diameter at >= 12 months after SBRT. The recurrent group also had a significantly higher standardized uptake value (SUVmax) than the non-recurrent group (P < 0.001), with all values >5 (range: 5.7-25.4). CONCLUSION: The following characteristics of mass-like @entity82 should be considered indicators of local recurrence after SBRT: @entity231 pattern, increasing maximum diameter, and SUVmax > 5.

title: Imaging characteristics of local recurrences after stereotactic body radiation therapy for stage I @entity1149 : Evaluation of mass-like XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['18F-fluorodeoxyglucose', '(18)F-FDG', '18F-FDG']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: In the randomized phase III trial, Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) protocol 240, the incorporation of bevacizumab with chemotherapy significantly increased @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in @entity1 with @entity5 . A major objective of GOG-240 was to prospectively analyze previously identified pooled clinical prognostic factors known as the Moore criteria. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Potential negative factors included black race, performance status 1, @entity530 , prior @entity900 , and progression-free interval <365 days. Risk categories included low-risk (0-1 factor), mid-risk (2-3 factors), and high-risk (4-5 factors). Each test of association was conducted at the 5% level of significance. Logistic regression and survival analysis was used to determine whether factors were prognostic or could be used to guide therapy. RESULTS: For the entire population (n = 452), high-risk @entity1 had significantly worse @entity1349 (P < 0.0001). The HRs of @entity204 for treating with topotecan in low-risk, mid-risk, and high-risk subsets are 1.18 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.63-2.24], 1.11 (95% CI, 0.82-1.5), and 0.84 (95% CI, 0.50-1.42), respectively. The HRs of @entity204 for treating with bevacizumab in low-risk, mid-risk, and high-risk subsets are 0.96 (95% CI, 0.51-1.83; P = 0.9087), 0.673 (95% CI, 0.5-0.91; P = 0.0094), and 0.536 (95% CI, 0.32-0.905; P = 0.0196), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first prospectively validated scoring system in @entity5 . The Moore criteria have real-world clinical applicability. @entity137 concerns may justify omission of bevacizumab in some low-risk @entity1 where survival benefit is small. The benefit to receiving bevacizumab appears to be greatest in the moderate- and high-risk subgroups (5.8-month increase in median @entity1349 ). Clin Cancer Res; 21(24); 5480-7.   2015 AACR.

title: Prospective Validation of Pooled Prognostic Factors in @entity1 with Advanced XXXX Treated with Chemotherapy with/without Bevacizumab: NRG Oncology/GOG Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced cervical cancer', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic disease']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cervical Cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Class 3 semaphorins were discovered as a family of axon guidance molecules, but are now known to be involved in diverse biologic processes. In this study, we investigated the anti-angiogenic potential of @entity38793 and @entity38791 ( @entity38793 _F) in @entity7492 ( @entity7492 ). @entity7492 is a common @entity5 that involves both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Our lab has identified and @entity2695 stem cells (HemSC), @entity413 transporter 1 positive ( @entity1365 (+)) endothelial cells (designated as @entity1365 (sel) cells) based on anti- @entity1365 magnetic beads selection and @entity1365 -negative endothelial cells (named HemEC). We have shown that these types of cells play important roles in hemangiogenesis. We report here that @entity38793 inhibited HemEC migration and proliferation while @entity38791 was able to suppress the migration and proliferation in all three types of cells. Confocal microscopy showed that stress fibers in HemEC were reduced by @entity38793 _F and that stress fibers in HemSC were decreased by @entity38791 , which led to cytoskeletal collapse and loss of cell motility in both cell types. Additionally, @entity38793 _F were able to inhibit @entity7 ( @entity7 )-induced sprouts in all three types of cells. Further, @entity38793 _F reduced the level of p- @entity319 and its downstream p- @entity3963 in HemEC. These results demonstrate that @entity38793 _F inhibit @entity7492 cell proliferation and suppress the angiogenic activities of migration and sprout formation. @entity38793 _F may have therapeutic potential to treat or prevent growth of highly proliferative @entity7492 .

title: XXXX -derived stem cells and endothelial cells are inhibited by class 3 semaphorins.

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['isolated hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity7492 :: ('MESH:C535860', 'Disease') :: ['IH', 'infantile hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['vascular tumor']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity7492 :: (MESH:C535860,Disease) :: ['Infantile hemangioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess a new procedure of urinary diversion after cystectomy for @entity150 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 (14 @entity1 and 18 @entity1 , mean age 54 years, range 35-70) treated by radical cystectomy for @entity150 underwent urinary diversion using a new technique. After mobilization of the sigmoid colon, the @entity188 , two adjacent colotomies were made to complete a stapled side-to-side @entity254 , with intussusception and implantation of the ureters between the layers of the intussusceptum. Two ureteric stents (8F) were brought out through the iliac fossa, and a rectal tube introduced through the anus and the intussusception to the proximal colon. The reservoir was assessed by urodynamic studies, using the anorectal perfusion catheter. RESULTS: Twenty-eight @entity1 were continent day and night, with mild soiling in the remaining four at night. Complications included a @entity9132 in three @entity1 and a fecal @entity292 in one; all were treated conservatively. @entity14079 occurred in only two @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The pouch created has a low pressure, a high capacity and provides effective continence. Surgery remains adequately radical, by removing the prostate and the membranous urethra. The implanted ureters between the layers of the intussusceptum provided an effective antireflux mechanism and markedly improved kidney function. The intussusception prevents reflux of the pouch contents into the proximal colon and minimizes metabolic complications. The technique needs neither colostomy nor small intestinal manipulations.

title: A low-pressure rectosigmoid pouch created by side-to-side XXXX with a stapling technique and sigmoid colon intussusception as an antireflux procedure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['splenic flexure and the upper rectum']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity14079 :: ('MESH:D020739', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolic complications']

entities_list: @entity9132 :: ('MESH:D014548', 'Disease') :: ['urinary fistula']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity161 , medication adherence is critical to achieve better @entity1 outcomes and to avoid relapses, which are responsible for a significant proportion of total healthcare costs for this @entity102 . The aim of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of @entity1037 long-acting injection (OLAI) compared with @entity1090 long-acting injection (RLAI) in @entity1 with @entity161 in Spain. METHODS: A discrete event simulation (DES) model was developed from a Spanish healthcare system perspective to estimate clinical and economic outcomes for @entity1 with @entity161 over a five-year period. @entity1 who had earlier responded to oral medication and have a history of relapse due to adherence problems were considered. Identical model populations were treated with either OLAI or RLAI. In the absence of a head-to-head clinical trial, discontinuation and relapse rates were obtained from open-label studies. The model accounted for age, gender, risks of relapse and discontinuation, relapse management, hospitalization, treatment switching and adverse events. Direct medical costs for the year 2011 and outcomes including relapse avoided, life years (LYs), and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were discounted at a rate of 3%. RESULTS: When comparing RLAI and OLAI, the model predicts that OLAI would decrease 5-year costs by    2,940 (Standard Deviation between replications 300.83), and result in a QALY and LY gains of 0.07 (SD 0.019) and 0.04 (SD 0.025), respectively. @entity1 on OLAI had fewer relapses compared to RLAI (1.392 [SD 0.035] vs. 1.815 [SD 0.035]) and fewer discontinuations (1.222 [SD 0.031] vs. 1.710 [SD 0.039]). Sensitivity analysis indicated that the study was robust and conclusions were largely unaffected by changes in a wide range of parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The present evaluation results in OLAI being dominant over RLAI, meaning that OLAI represents a more effective and less costly alternative compared to RLAI in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity161 in the Spanish setting.

title: Long-acting @entity1037 versus long-acting XXXX for @entity161 in Spain - a cost-effectiveness comparison.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illness']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity1090 :: (MESH:D018967,Chemical) :: ['risperidone']


abstract: A mild and controlled acute inflammatory reaction in hamster cheek pouch was created without any exogenous, but rather by locally activated and liberated, mediators. A pressure of 60 mm Hg was applied to part of the everted cheek pouch eight times with a 10-min recovery period in between. The microvascular response was followed by intravital microscopy and the permeability changes were monitored with intravital fluoroscopy and intravenous @entity2823 dextran (mol wt 150,000). The number of extravasated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) was calculated by a new, whole tissue, histological technique. In three experimental groups (-)- @entity4183 ( @entity2263 -receptor agonist) 0.05 mg/100 g body wt., @entity4183 0.05 mg/100 g body wt., and @entity3352 2 mg/100 g body wt. was given intravenously before pressure was applied. A fourth group, with no drug given, served as control. There was a rapid increase in the number of @entity2823 dextran leakages and extravasated PMNLs in the control group. @entity3352 almost completely inhibited @entity2823 dextran permeability and extravasation of PMNLs. The @entity2263 agonist markedly diminished the number of @entity2823 dextran leakages for 75 min. The number of extravasated PMNLs was also reduced. Treatment with @entity4183 , which is supposed to have no @entity2263 -receptor effect, gave a slight reduction in number of @entity2823 dextran leakages and almost a complete inhibition of PMNL extravasation. Thus we conclude that @entity3352 is a very potent antiinflammatory agent even in the early phase of @entity32 . @entity4183 diminished the inflammatory response, probably by preventing endothelial gap formation. @entity4183 prevented PMNL extravasation either by interaction with the PMNL itself or with the endothelium.

title: @entity3352 , @entity4183 ( @entity2263 agonist), and @entity4183 in acute XXXX induced by repeated ischemia in hamster cheek pouch.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin', 'Indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity4183 :: ('MESH:D013726', 'Chemical') :: ['terbutaline', '(+)-Terbutaline', '(+)-terbutaline', '(-)-Terbutaline']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the incidence and the 30-day case fatality of @entity159 ( @entity159 ) in the adult resident population of the city of Bologna, Italy. METHODS: Over a 1-year period (March 1, 1999 to February 29, 2000), all @entity1 older than 20 years with @entity159 were included. The case-finding method was based on (a) a prospective surveillance of all public general hospitals in the city by neurologic units, and (b) a review of all discharge codes concerning @entity302 . RESULTS: The crude and standardized annual incidence rate of @entity159 was 13.1 per 100,000 [95% confidence interval (CI), 9.5-17.5] and 10.7 (95% CI, 7.5-13.8). It was higher in the elderly (older than 60 years) than in young adults (26.2 vs. 5.2) and in @entity1 than in @entity1 (14.9 vs. 11.0). Acute symptomatic @entity159 accounted for 48%, and a cerebrovascular pathology was the most frequently associated etiologic condition (41%). A history of @entity410 was reported in 39% of @entity1 . The 30-day case fatality was 39% (33% excluding postanoxic @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS: This study reports the first data on the epidemiology of @entity159 in Italy. The incidence rate found in the population of Bologna is in the same range as that of the other European countries. The 30-day case fatality is higher than all the other population studies (both European and American), despite the broadly similar clinical features of @entity1 . Indirect evidence suggests that some inaccurate @entity1 management could have negatively influenced the outcome of @entity159 .

title: Incidence and short-term prognosis of XXXX in adults in Bologna, Italy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus', 'SE']

answer: @entity159 :: (MESH:D013226,Disease) :: ['status epilepticus']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to correlate the presence of @entity876 antibodies in sera of @entity1 with @entity14 with size, site and stage of the @entity5 , age and sex of a @entity1 and the level of @entity787 ( @entity787 ) in the serum. @entity876 antibodies were detected using enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). Serum @entity876 antibodies were detected in 30 of 145 @entity1 (21%), mostly in Astler-Coller stage B1 (28% of @entity1 ). No association was found between @entity876 antibody status in stage A+B1+B2 vs stages C1+C2+D (22% vs 19%) i.e. between @entity1 without and with metastases to regional lymph nodes and/or distant metastases. Serum @entity876 antibodies were detected in 9 of 34 @entity1 (26%) with @entity5 localised in the right part vs 21 of 109 @entity1 (19%) with @entity5 in the left part of the colon and in 18 of 96 (19%) of @entity1 with @entity5 localised in rectosigmoideum vs 12 of 47 (26%) with @entity5 in the remaining colon. There was no significant correlation between serum anti @entity876 antibody and @entity787 statuses. Increased level of serum @entity787 was seen in 46/145 (32%) @entity1 . @entity1 with C1+C2+D stage @entity5 had high serum @entity787 level more frequently than did @entity1 with A+B1+B2 stage @entity5 (44% vs 19% respectively, p < 0.001). Of 102 cases with normal @entity787 level, 19 (19%) were positive for anti @entity876 antibodies. These results together with the literature data [11, 20] indicate that approximately 27% @entity787 negative @entity1 may have serum @entity876 antibodies. Therefore simultaneous assessment of serum @entity876 antibodies and @entity787 seems to be useful for monitoring high risk @entity1 and for postoperative @entity1 monitoring.

title: Clinico-pathological characteristics of XXXX and serum anti- @entity876 antibodies.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Toscana virus (TOSV) is a Phlebovirus responsible for @entity1 @entity16 in endemic Mediterranean areas. The main viral target is the central nervous system, with @entity646 as a way of dissemination throughout the host. This study was aimed at understanding the spread of TOSV in the host by identifying the cell population infected by the virus and the vehicle to the organs. In vivo studies provided evidence that endothelial cells are infected by TOSV, indicating their potential role in the diffusion of the virus following viremic spread. These results were further confirmed in vitro. @entity1 peripheral mononuclear blood cells were infected with TOSV; only monocyte-derived dendritic cells were identified as susceptible to @entity778 . Productive viral replication was then observed in @entity1 monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) and in @entity1 endothelial cells by recovery of the virus from a cell supernatant. @entity650 was produced by both cell types upon @entity778 , mostly by endothelial cells, while moDCs particularly expressed @entity310 , which is known to induce a long-lasting decrease in endothelial cell barrier function. These cells could therefore be implicated in the spread of the virus in the host and in the infection of tissues that are affected by the disease, such as the central nervous system. The identification of in vitro and in vivo TOSV cell targets is an important tool for understanding the pathogenesis of the infection, providing new insight into virus-cell interaction for improved knowledge and control of this @entity1800 .

title: XXXX dendritic and endothelial cells opening the way for the central nervous system.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['TOSV infection']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological infections']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral disease']

answer: @entity778 :: (MESH:D015658,Disease) :: ['Toscana virus infects']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy of co-induction with propofol-midazolam-ketamine with @entity4671 as the sole induction agent. DESIGN: Prospective, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Operating room of a university hospital. @entity1 : 60 ASA physical status 1 and 2 @entity1 scheduled for limited elective surgery requiring general anesthesia. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were randomized to two groups to receive @entity4671 0.3 mg/kg (single-drug group) or @entity1875 0.6 mg/kg + @entity3652 0.8 mg/kg + @entity1363 0.06 mg/kg (three-drug group). MEASUREMENTS: Hemodynamic responses (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure) were examined at baseline and at one, three, and 5 minutes after tracheal intubation. Plasma @entity2922 levels were measured at baseline, one, and 5 minutes after tracheal intubation. MAIN RESULTS: Heart rate (HR) changes differed significantly between the two groups at three minutes (P = 0.01) and 5 minutes (P = 0.00) after tracheal intubation. However, the HR increase in the three-drug group was in the acceptable range. Percentage changes of @entity1425 level differed between the two groups at 5 minutes after tracheal intubation (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The higher @entity1063 / @entity1425 ratio noted in the single-drug group may be implicated in lower adrenal sympathetic activity. @entity1875 - @entity1363 - @entity3652 co-induction may be used instead of @entity4671 for anesthesia induction in @entity1 with @entity1344 .

title: The effects of @entity1875 - @entity1363 - @entity3652 co-induction on hemodynamic changes and XXXX response.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol', 'Propofol']

entities_list: @entity4671 :: ('MESH:D005045', 'Chemical') :: ['etomidate']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity2922 :: (CHEBI:33567,Chemical) :: ['catecholamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To investigate the results after carotid endarterectomy performed for asymptomatic @entity543 (ACS) in a single high-volume center and define the factors that increase perioperative @entity64 and mortality rate. METHODS: This observational study that analyzes prospectively collected data includes 1,567 @entity1 with ACS operated in the period between 2007 and 2012. RESULTS: Most @entity1 were male, 1,037 (66.18%), with mean age of 63.6 years. Perioperative @entity204 rate was 0.38%. The most frequent causes of @entity204 were @entity64 and @entity583 . The total perioperative @entity64 /transient @entity63 attack rate was 2.81%. Logistic regression analysis confirmed that females (P = 0.028) and @entity28 (P = 0.060) @entity1 have higher risk of perioperative @entity64 after surgical repair of ACS with odds ratio (OR) of 2.008 and 2.342. The early mortality was significantly higher in candidates for coroanary artery bypass grafting (P = 0.018). @entity64 and mortality are related to @entity28 and @entity741 with OR of 2.407 and 2.097, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: According to our results, female and @entity28 @entity1 are prone to @entity64 after carotid endarterectomy. Further study of the effects of female gender and @entity28 on surgical outcomes is warranted before medical therapy is considered the preferred treatment for these @entity1 .

title: Female and @entity28 XXXX might have higher risk from surgical repair of asymptomatic @entity543 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The affect of multifocality on the biologic behavior of histologic @entity263 is a controversial issue. The aim of this study was to determine if @entity5 multifocality influences the prognosis of @entity1 with @entity263 . MATERIAL/METHODS: Samples consisted of 264 autopsy tissues from @entity1 older than 40 years of age and less than 98 years of age who died (between August 2002 and December 2005) of diseases other than clinically diagnosed @entity263 . The entire prostate and seminal vesicles were sectioned, tinted, and fixed in @entity1543 . Specimens were immersed in @entity406 , serial sectioned at a thickness of 4 mm, postfixed, resectioned at a thickness of 2 mm, dehydrated, cleared in xylene, and immersed in paraffin. Two expert pathologists examined the sections. RESULTS: Most @entity189 (61%) were multifocal and were composed of 2 or more foci. Ninety percent of distinct foci were found to originate from the peripheral zone. Multifocality was more common among larger prostates, and large @entity5 were almost exclusively multifocal. Half of these had a total volume less than 1 cm3 and a Gleason score of 2 to 6; there was a clear correlation between @entity5 volume and Gleason score. Heterogeneity of Gleason grade in @entity5 was proportional to the number of foci. No statistically significant difference was observed with respect to capsular penetration or perineural or vascular invasion of @entity5 compared to those of unifocal @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Despite relative heterogeneity, the biologic behavior of @entity5 is not different from that observed in unifocal histologic @entity5 .

title: The phenomenon of multifocality does not affect the biologic behavior of histologic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic cancer', 'prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'multifocal tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['latent carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the differences between emergency surgery and selective surgery treatment of @entity1171 with @entity3029 . METHODS: In the study, 40 @entity1 with @entity1171 and @entity3029 were treated and followed up from May 2013 to May 2014, and all the data were collected and analyzed. The subjects involved 29 male @entity1 and 11 female @entity1 . The @entity1 were randomly separated into two groups, and the @entity1 in group A were given surgical intervention within 6 hours after injury, while those in group B were initially given close reduction and given selective operation when the soft tissue condition got better. Group A contained 13 male @entity1 and 7 female @entity1 with average age of 37.10; Group B consisted of 15 male and 5 female, with average age of 37.85. RESULTS: The Baird-Jackson score was applied for assessment of the @entity1 ' outcomes. According to the score, the outcomes were classified into excellent, good, fair, and poor. In group A (emergency group), the outcomes were 13 (65.0%), 4 (20.0%), 3 (15.0%), and 0, respectively. In group B (selective group), they were 11 (55.0%), 7 (35.0%), 2 (10.0%), and 0, respectively. The numbers of the @entity1 from excellent to poor were 24 (55.0%), 11 (27.5%), 5 (12.5%), and 0, respectively. CONCLUSION: There is no significant difference in postoperative function between the two groups, however, early surgical intervention can benefit in accomplishing anatomical reduction much easier and shortening the time of hospitalization, which is cost-saving for the @entity1 .

title: [A comparative research on the treatment of @entity1171 with XXXX between emergency surgery and selective surgery].

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fractures', 'ankle fracture']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['dislocation']

answer: @entity3029 :: (MESH:D004204,Disease) :: ['dislocation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Different methods for intracranial electrode recording have various advantages and disadvantages, and controversy exists regarding the complications of stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) and subdural EEG. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of SEEG by comparing it with subdural EEG. METHODS: Data from 100 @entity1 who underwent SEEG (n = 48) and subdural EEG (n = 52) to evaluate the epileptogenic zone were collected from June 2011 to June 2015. The evaluation results, surgical outcomes, and complications were compared. RESULTS: No significant differences were noted between the SEEG and subdural EEG groups in identifying the epileptogenic zone or undergoing @entity302 surgery. Of the 88 @entity1 who underwent @entity302 surgery after assessment, 59.5% in the SEEG group and 52.2% in the subdural EEG group became @entity410 free. No significant differences in postoperative @entity410 control or intelligence improvement were noted. The overall complication rate in SEEG @entity1 (8/48; 16.7%) was lower than that in subdural EEG @entity1 (13/52; 25%), particularly for @entity548 and @entity281 (4.2 vs. 17.3%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective review indicates that SEEG has low associated complications, particularly regarding @entity548 and @entity281 . SEEG is a safe and effective method for intracranial monitoring.

title: A Retrospective Analysis of Stereoelectroencephalography and Subdural Electroencephalography for Preoperative Evaluation of Intractable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity20293 ( @entity20293 ) is a common complication after amputation, affecting up to 80% of the amputee population. However, only 5% to 10% of amputees have severe @entity20293 impacting daily function. The present report details the management of severe, treatment-resistant @entity20293 in a 72-year-old @entity1 with a traumatic left transradial amputation and a comorbid complication of @entity2736 ( @entity2736 ). OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of @entity20293 with @entity2736 and the possible role of @entity175 in the treatment of both conditions. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature regarding the management of @entity20293 . RESULTS: Seventeen articles that directly addressed @entity20293 were identified; 11 were randomized controlled trials. All involved small samples and follow-up ranged from 6 h to one year, with the majority limited to six weeks. DISCUSSION: In the present case, medication management was limited by side effects, lack of response and the @entity1 's desire to avoid long-term medication. Investigations revealed @entity2736 , which was suspected to envelop the median nerve in the proximal forearm. After several unsuccessful medication trials, the literature was reviewed in search of common variables between @entity2736 formation and persistent @entity20293 . Ultimately, the biochemical effects associated with @entity128 were identified to be a possible factor in both @entity2736 and @entity20293 development. @entity175 's proposed mechanisms of action may help to manage @entity2736 and @entity20293 at multiple stages of disease development and maintenance. In the present case, a four-week trial of intranasal @entity175 was successful, with @entity158 control lasting at least 18 months. CONCLUSION: The present case report provided a review of the current literature in @entity20293 pharmacological management and the current understanding of the etiology of @entity20293 and @entity2736 , as well as how the two may coexist. It also provided an opportunity to discuss the proposed mechanisms of action of @entity175 in the management of @entity20293 and @entity2736 .

title: Use of XXXX in recalcitrant phantom limb @entity158 complicated by @entity2736 .

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcitonin', 'calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity2736 :: ('MESH:D009999', 'Disease') :: ['HO', 'heterotopic ossification']

entities_list: @entity20293 :: ('MESH:D010591', 'Disease') :: ['Phantom limb pain', 'PLP']

answer: @entity175 :: (MESH:D002116,Chemical) :: ['calcitonin']


abstract: Type 1 @entity6 is an intrinsically unstable condition because of the loss of both @entity2690 secretion and @entity413 sensing. Guidelines to treat type 1 @entity6 have become stricter since results from the @entity6 Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) demonstrated the close relationship between @entity455 and HbA1c levels. Therapeutic strategies first require the treatment of underlying organic causes of the brittleness associated with the optimization of @entity2690 therapy including continuous subcutaneous @entity2690 infusion and @entity413 monitoring. Alternative approaches may still be needed for the most severely affected @entity1 . During the last decade, islet transplantation has gone from an inconsistent 1-year rate of @entity2690 independence of 10% to 80% and could reach 50% at 5 years, at the expense of non-negligible side effects. Among potential causes of islet transplantation success, sufficient islet mass and low levels of cellular autoimmunity are of critical importance. The main issues are currently the availability of an unlimited source of @entity2690 -secreting cells, and the immunosuppressive @entity137 . Today, islet alone and islet after kidney transplantation are offered in a limited number of isolation centres, usually in clinical trials. Islet after kidney transplantation can be considered in type 1 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity454 that are ineligible for double kidney-pancreas transplantation. Islet transplantation alone is proposed to C-peptide negative adult @entity6 @entity1 with a body weight <80 kg or low daily @entity2690 needs with creatinine clearance above 60 ml/min, @entity633 lower than 300mg/24H and without desire for pregnancy in @entity1 . Currently and until a more complete assessment of the 5- and probably 10-year overall benefit-risk ratio is available, islet transplantation remains a clinical research procedure.

title: XXXX cell therapy: a decade later.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['drug side effects']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage kidney disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There is no consensus on the ideal location for mesh placement in open @entity4037 (OVHR). We aim to identify the mesh location associated with the lowest rate of recurrence following OVHR using a systematic review and meta-analysis. A search was performed for studies comparing at least two of four locations for mesh placement during OVHR (onlay, inlay, sublay, and underlay). Outcomes assessed were @entity547 recurrence and @entity281 ( @entity281 ). Pairwise meta-analysis was performed to compare all direct treatment of mesh locations. A multiple treatment meta-analysis was performed to compare all mesh locations in the Bayesian framework. Sensitivity analyses were planned for the following: studies with a low risk of bias, incisional @entity547 , by @entity547 size, and by mesh type (synthetic or biologic). Twenty-one studies were identified (n  =  5,891). Sublay placement of mesh was associated with the lowest risk for recurrence [OR 0.218 (95  % CI 0.06-0.47)] and was the best of the four treatment modalities assessed [Prob (best)  =  94.2  %]. Sublay was also associated with the lowest risk for @entity281 [OR 0.449 (95  % CI 0.12-1.16)] and was the best of the 4 treatment modalities assessed [Prob (best)  =  77.3  %]. When only assessing studies at low risk of bias, of incisional @entity547 , and using synthetic mesh, the probability that sublay had the lowest rate of recurrence and @entity281 was high. Sublay mesh location has lower complication rates than other mesh locations. While additional randomized controlled trials are needed to validate these findings, this network meta-analysis suggests the probability of sublay being the best location for mesh placement is high.

title: Mesh Location in Open XXXX Repair: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['surgical site infection', 'SSI']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['ventral hernia repair']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias']

answer: @entity4037 :: (MESH:D006555,Disease) :: ['Ventral Hernia']


abstract: PURPOSE: Sustained (late-phase) @entity2792 is associated with lower plasma @entity3449 activity than is the early phase. It is not clear to what extent this reduced plasma @entity3449 activity reflects diminished influence of the @entity3449 -angiotensin system. It also is not clear whether this change in the character of the disease influences the effectiveness of surgical removal of the @entity2791 in reversing @entity101 . Using an animal model of sustained (> or =10 weeks after renal artery clipping) two-kidney, one-clip @entity2792 , we hypothesized that the magnitude of the depressor response to selective @entity1808 receptor blockade with @entity9886 would reflect the influence of the @entity3449 -angiotensin system on @entity101 and enable us to predict the depressor response to subsequent surgical removal of the clip. METHODS: The left renal arteries of 20 male @entity35 weighing 150 to 200 gm were fitted with a @entity575 clip (0.23 mm internal diameter). Systolic blood pressure was measured by means of tail-cuff plethysmography for 10 weeks. @entity35 were then given @entity9886 orally (30 mg/kg a day) for 1 week while blood pressure was monitored. After an additional week to allow recovery, 13 @entity35 underwent surgical unclipping, and seven underwent sham repair. Blood pressure again was monitored over the final week. RESULTS: All two-kidney one-clip @entity35 had @entity101 10 weeks after clipping (mean systolic blood pressure 206 +/- 10 mm Hg). @entity9886 decreased systolic blood pressure by 36 +/- 6 mm Hg. The response was variable, ranging from 3 to 66 mm Hg, and overall blood pressure did not normalize (170 +/- 8 mm Hg). Subsequent surgical unclipping decreased systolic blood pressure by 46 +/- 9 mm Hg. Again the response was variable, ranging from 10 to 99 mm Hg, although overall blood pressure did not normalize (164 +/- 7 mm Hg). The decrease in blood pressure after unclipping showed a high correlation with the blood pressure decrease after @entity9886 administration (r = 0.861, p < 0.001). Resting plasma @entity3449 activity (before intervention) was 16 +/- 4 ng angiotensin I per milliliter per hour and was not predictive of the response to either @entity9886 or surgical unclipping. The @entity35 subjected to sham operations had no statistically significant changes in blood pressure. Histologic evaluation showed patent renal arteries without appreciable @entity850 or intimal @entity1373 after removal of the clips. CONCLUSIONS: In sustained two-kidney, one-clip @entity2792 , the depressor response to @entity1808 receptor blockade is attenuated, suggesting that late-phase @entity101 becomes increasingly @entity1808 -independent. In our model, the extent to which sustained @entity2792 becomes refractory to 7 days of @entity1808 blockade is highly predictive of the ultimate outcome of surgical repair of @entity2791 .

title: Response to angiotensin inhibition in XXXX with sustained @entity2792 correlates with response to removing @entity2791 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan', 'Losartan']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: I believe streptokinase is still the trombolytic of choice for the majority of @entity1 with @entity583 for the following reasons: 1. The superiority of alteplase over streptokinase rests on insecure grounds, statistically (when net clinical benefit is computed for the SK/subcutaneous heparin arm versus the accelerated @entity3479 arm, the P value is only 0.04). 2. The excess of @entity1779 with @entity3479 is statistically highly significant and consistent over all trials. 3. @entity1 at greater risk of @entity1779 are those with raised systolic arterial pressure above about 130 to 140 on admission and those aged over about 55 years. These comprise the majority of @entity1 admitted to ordinary Coronary Care Units. If @entity3479 is given to @entity1 at low risk of @entity1779 , the extra cost per life saved will be very high, since such @entity1 are at relatively low risk in any case. 4. The open design of the GUSTO-2 trial (the only trial showing a small mortality benefit for accelerated @entity3479 versus SK) introduces the possibility of bias. For example, unfamiliarity with SK in North American centers may have given risk to premature stopping of treatment because of @entity551 ; this might have resulted in a more favorable experience for accelerated @entity3479 in North American centers compared with the rest of the world. (The mortality benefit for accelerated @entity3479 in the GUSTO trial was seen only in North American centers.)

title: Streptokinase Is Still the Agent of Choice for Most XXXX with @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral haemorrhage', 'cerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 and @entity22 are common distressing symptoms and may affect mood and performance status. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe @entity1295 , sleep, @entity158 , mood, and performance status and the relationships among these variables in 187 @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) and conduct an analysis using the correlates of @entity1295 . METHODS: Data were from baseline measures from the study, using the Profile of Mood States and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Fatigue to assess @entity1295 , the actigraph to measure sleep, the Wong/Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale to assess @entity158 , the Profile of Mood States to assess mood, and the 6-minute walk test along with a back/leg/chest dynamometer to test muscle strength to assess performance status. Data analysis consisted of descriptive statistics, Pearson and Spearman    correlations, and multiple regression analysis using @entity1295 as the dependent variable. All P values were 2-sided, and P<.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity1582 presented with @entity1295 , @entity158 , sleep and @entity1316 , and diminished functional performance. The regression model, which included all of these variables along with age, sex, and stage of disease, was statistically significant with a large measure of effect. Mood was a significant individual contributor to the model. CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 with @entity1582 , @entity1295 , @entity158 , sleep, mood, and functional performance are interrelated. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Interventions are needed to decrease @entity1295 and @entity158 and to improve sleep, mood, and functional performance.

title: Fatigue, sleep, XXXX , mood, and performance status in @entity1 with @entity1582 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer-related fatigue']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disturbances']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: The regulation of phenotype and function of @entity1 @entity409 ( @entity409 ) by in vitro culture with @entity1199 , IL-12 and anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) was investigated. The CD3+ @entity409 which express 50% less CD3 molecules per cell than peripheral blood T lymphocytes, exhibited a 6-fold reduction in proliferation when stimulated through the CD3 complex by anti-CD3 mAb. @entity409 freshly isolated or cultured in medium did not suppress MLR response, nor were they cytotoxic. However, treatment of the @entity409 cells with @entity1199 , IL-12 and anti-CD3 induced these cells to suppress autologous responding cells in MLR (ca. 70%) and to kill autologous or allogeneic cells. Low level @entity137 could be induced by cytokines @entity1199 , IL-12 or anti-CD3 alone. However, the development of optimum MLR suppression and @entity137 induction was dependent upon stimulation of the @entity409 cells through the CD3 complex. The co-expression of CD3 and @entity2940 on @entity409 was also up-regulated by anti-CD3 stimulation in the combination of @entity1199 and IL-12. Most of the CD3+/ @entity2940 + cells, also expressed @entity405 . After the magnetic bead separation procedure, the cytotoxic activity was found mainly in the CD3+/ @entity2940 +/ @entity405 + population. These results suggest that CD3+/ @entity2940 +/ @entity405 + cells can be expanded by stimulation through the TCR/CD3 complex in the presence of @entity1199 and IL-12, which results in the suppression of autologous responding cells by a cytotoxic mechanism. The proliferative response of the CD3+/ @entity2940 +/ @entity405 + population was enhanced by the induction of @entity4897 molecules on the stimulating cells, and anti- @entity4897 mAb were able to block the response in a dose-dependent manner. The CD3+/ @entity2940 +/ @entity405 + cells were examined for cytokine production by flow cytometry. Cytokines @entity3646 , @entity310 , and @entity379 were produced by 91.7%, 29.2%, and 27.4% of the cells, respectively.

title: The regulation of phenotype and function of @entity1 liver CD3+/ @entity2940 + lymphocytes, and cells that also co-express XXXX by @entity1199 , IL-12 and anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver infiltrating lymphocytes', 'LIL']

answer: @entity405 :: (925,Gene) :: ['CD8']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Smooth muscle fibres are found within the superficial lamina propria of @entity1494 (Muscularis Mucosa). These muscle fibres of muscularis mucosa should be distinguished from the muscularis propria in cases with @entity189 , because the depth of infiltration affects prognosis and therapy modalities. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the presence of vascular plexus is a criterion for muscularis mucosa and to distinguish it from muscularis propria in @entity1494 biopsies and transurethral resection specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1710 -Eosin and Masson-Trichrome stained slides of 54 cases with @entity189 were reviewed. RESULTS: In all cases (100%), thick walled vessels were observed within the lamina propria of @entity1494 . Smooth muscle layer of lamina propria was seen in 48 of 54 cases (88.8%), and these smooth muscle fibres were co-existed with thick walled vessels. In invasive @entity189 ; thin smooth muscle fibres and thick walled vessels were seen within the lamina propria in 22 of 24 cases (91.7%). There were two cases (8.3%) including only vessels in small biopsies of invasive @entity189 cases. In cases with non-invasive @entity189 ; muscle fibres of muscularis mucosa and vessels were found within the lamina propia in 26 of 30 cases (86.7%). In this group, muscle fibres were not detected in 4 cases (13.3%). CONCLUSION: Muscularis mucosa can be detected histologically in @entity1494 biopsies and TUR materials. We emphasize that the presence of vascular network is a useful criterion to determine muscularis mucosa of @entity1494 , even in the absence of muscle fibres.

title: Vascular plexus is a differentation criterion for muscularis mucosa from muscularis propria in small biopsies and transurethral resection materials of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['urinary bladder']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['urinary bladder']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The wall proteome and the secretome of the fungal pathogen @entity5132 help it to thrive in multiple niches of the @entity1 body. Mass spectrometry has allowed researchers to study the dynamics of both subproteomes. Here we discuss some major responses of the secretome to host-related environmental conditions. Three b-1,3-glucan-modifying enzymes, Mp65, Sun41, and Tos1, are consistently found in high amounts in culture supernatants, suggesting that they are needed for construction and expansion of the cell wall b-1,3-glucan layer, and thus correlate with growth and might serve as diagnostic biomarkers. The genes ENG1, CHT3, and SCW11, which encode an endoglucanase, the major chitinase, and a b-1,3-glucan-modifying enzyme, respectively, are periodically expressed and peak in M/G1. The corresponding protein abundances in the medium correlate with the degree of cell separation during single- @entity375 -cell, pseudohyphal, and hyphal growth. We also discuss the observation that cells treated with @entity2380 , or other agents causing cell surface stress, form @entity1423 . @entity2380 -treated cells secrete abundant amounts of the transglucosylase Phr1, which is involved in the accumulation of b-1,3-glucan in biofilms, raising the question whether this is a general response to cell surface stress. Other abundant secretome proteins also contribute to biofilm formation, emphasizing the important role of secretome proteins in this mode of growth. Finally, we discuss the relevance of these observations to therapeutic intervention. Together, these data illustrate that @entity5132 actively adapts its secretome to environmental conditions, thus promoting its survival in widely divergent niches of the @entity1 body.

title: Adaptations of the secretome of XXXX in response to host-related environmental conditions.

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['pseudohyphal aggregates']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluconazole', 'fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: In order to elucidate the mechanisms of bone @entity730 , embryonic @entity35 calvariae treated with chemical or cryo-fixation were observed using transmission electron microscopy by three techniques: fine structures, various cvtochemical localizations including nonspecific proteoglycan, decorin, @entity12006 , hyaluronan, @entity4972 ( @entity4972 ), and @entity12912 , as well as the elemental mapping of @entity460 and @entity3151 by energy-filtering electron microscopy. In the calvariae, the @entity730 sequence ran as follows crystallization within matrix vesicles, formation of calcified nodules, collagen @entity730 , and finally the establishment of an expansive calcified matrix. The osteoid contained an abundance of mesh-like fibers of proteoglycans, including decorin, @entity12006 , and hyaluronan, around collagen fibrils approximately 50 nm in diameter. @entity460 tended to localize at the proteoglycan sites, while @entity3151 was often mapped to the collagen fibril-structures in the osteoid. @entity460 / @entity3151 co-localization was found in and around the calcified nodules, where @entity4972 and small sized proteoglycans were observed. During this stage, native proteoglycans surrounding the collagen fibrils disappeared, with the collagen fibrils fusing laterally, and attaining a diameter of more than 400nm. The calcified nodules expanded to occupy the entire space made available by the collagen fibril-fusion, following @entity12912 accumulation in the calcified nodule/collagen fibril border. In conclusion, crystals present within the matrix vesicles became calcified nodules, in a process induced by the co-localization of @entity460 and @entity3151 . @entity4972 and proteoglycans may participate in the @entity460 / @entity3151 co-localization. Decreases in the native proteoglycans, and the lateral fusion of collagen fibrils are thought to be involved in the expansion of calcified areas, followed by @entity12912 -mediated collagen @entity730 .

title: Ultrastructural analysis of bone XXXX by using energy-filtering transmission electron microscopy.

entities_list: @entity4972 :: ('MESH:C562645', 'Disease') :: ['ALP', 'alkaline phosphatase']

entities_list: @entity12006 :: ('MESH:D002809', 'Chemical') :: ['chondroitin 4-sulfate']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

answer: @entity730 :: (MESH:D002114,Disease) :: ['calcification']


abstract: Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) assays using ultraviolet (UV) absorbance detection have been developed for the determination of a new @entity2893 antibiotic I in @entity1 plasma and urine. A column-switching technique is employed in the HPLC methods to perform on-line extraction and separation for each sample. Each plasma sample is thawed, centrifuged, stabilized, and then injected onto an in-line reversed-phase extraction column using a @entity1042 (8%)/phosphate buffer, pH 6.5. After 3 min, the analytes are back-flushed off the extraction column with a mixture of @entity1626 (5.5%) and @entity1042 (10%)/ @entity1391 buffer (pH 6.5) for 3 min onto a BDS Hypersil 3 microm @entity6173 (100 x 4.6 mm i.d.) analytical column. The sample preparation and HPLC conditions for the urine assay are similar to the plasma assay, except that a CN extraction column is used. Both assays are specific with respect to endogenous material and the major metabolite II, and both are linear over the concentration range of 0.25-50, and 2-200 microg/ml, respectively. The assays were successfully applied to a clinical dose-ranging study. One limitation of the on-line extraction method is that the extraction column needs to be replaced regularly every 100-150 plasma samples and every 200-300 urine samples. Subsequently, the urine method was modified to an ion-pair HPLC assay for the simultaneous determination of both the antibiotic I and its metabolite II.

title: Direct-injection HPLC assay for the determination of a new @entity2893 antibiotic in XXXX plasma and urine.

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the factors associated with outcome after accidental @entity2332 . METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study on @entity1 with @entity2332 (core temperature <28  C) admitted to a Level I emergency room over a 10-year period. RESULTS: Forty-eight @entity1 were included with a median temperature of 26  C (range, 16.3-28  C) on admission. The etiology of @entity2332 was exposure to a cold environment (n=27), avalanche (n=13) or immersion in cold water (n=8). Mean age was 47  22 years, and 58% were males. Thirty-two @entity1 had a @entity1167 ( @entity1167 ): 15 @entity1 presented unwitnessed @entity1167 (UCA) and 17 @entity1 presented @entity891 ( @entity891 ). Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) was implemented in 21 @entity1 with refractory @entity1167 and in two @entity1 with @entity1344 . Overall mortality was 50%. For @entity1167 @entity1 , only three out of 15 @entity1 with UCA survived at day 28, whereas eight out of 17 @entity1 with @entity891 survived. The cerebral performance category score was 4 for all the survivors of UCA and 1 [range, 1-2] for survivors of @entity891 . @entity1 with poor outcome presented more UCA, a lower pH, a higher serum @entity972 , @entity1011 , serum @entity1372 or @entity880 level as well as more @entity3459 . CONCLUSION: @entity1167 related to @entity891 was associated with favorable outcome. On-scene @entity891 should prompt prolonged resuscitation and ECLS rewarming in all @entity1167 @entity1 with @entity2332 . Conversely, unwitnessed @entity1167 was associated with unfavorable outcome and will likely not benefit from ECLS.

title: Outcome after severe XXXX in the French Alps: A 10-year review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['severe coagulation disorders']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['rescue collapse', 'RC']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'Cardiac arrest', 'CA']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['deep hypothermia', 'accidental hypothermia', 'hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['accidental hypothermia']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity55760 ( @entity55760 , Incel) restores drug sensitivity to cells expressing @entity1262 ( @entity70395 ). @entity11092 is expressed in a high proportion of @entity263 while @entity1262 expression is variable. Since @entity2664 (M) and @entity229 (P) are substrates for MDR transporters, we initiated a study to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of @entity55760 plus M/P in @entity1 with @entity263 ( @entity263 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Eligible @entity1 had progressive @entity263 (defined as new lesions, new disease-related @entity158 , or 50% increase in PSA within 6 weeks of entry), @entity251 <30 ng/ml, no prior chemotherapy, ECOG performance status of 0-3, and adequate organ function. @entity1 received @entity55760 (120 mg/m(2) per h) as a 72-h continuous intravenous infusion with intravenous bolus @entity2664 (12 mg/m(2)) administered 4 h after @entity55760 was started and @entity229 (5 mg twice daily) administered throughout the study treatment. Endpoints included serum PSA response, PSA response duration, time to PSA progression, @entity158 reduction, and quality of life measures. RESULTS: Enrolled in the study were 40 @entity1 and 184 courses of @entity55760 plus M/P were administered. Intensive pharmacokinetics, which were performed on six @entity1 who received one cycle of M/P alone, followed by @entity55760 plus M/P for all other cycles, showed that @entity55760 did not alter @entity2664 clearance. @entity55760 blood concentration at the time of @entity2664 administration averaged 4.52 microg/ml. @entity55760 plus M/P was well tolerated. @entity1209 and mild @entity1398 were the principal treatment @entity137 . Five @entity1 experienced an uncomplicated febrile neutropenic episode (12%), three had severe @entity390 / @entity391 , and two experienced transient moderate to severe @entity2055 . Of the 40 @entity1 , 12 (30%, 95% confidence interval 16-44%) had a reduction in PSA of >/=50% and 9 of the 12 @entity1 (23% overall, 95% CI 10-35%) achieved a reduction in PSA of >/=80% that was sustained for the duration of treatment with M/P plus @entity55760 . The median time to PSA progression was 41 weeks (95% CI 34-68 weeks). Of the 40 @entity1 , 15 completed treatment with stable disease and 13 had progressive disease with increasing serum PSA during study treatment. Median survival was 48 weeks for the intent-to-treat population of 40 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The addition of @entity55760 to M/P therapy did not appear to increase the proportion of @entity1 with significant serum PSA reductions compared to M/P alone. However, the duration of PSA response observed for the 12 PSA responders suggests that MDR inhibition may benefit some @entity1 with @entity263 . In addition to @entity11092 or @entity1262 expression, other mechanisms of drug resistance are probably associated with the relative insensitivity of @entity263 to cytotoxic therapy.

title: Safety and efficacy of the MDR inhibitor Incel (biricodar, @entity55760 ) in combination with @entity2664 and @entity229 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate tumors', 'hormone-refractory prostate cancer', 'HRPC']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity70395 :: ('283871;8714', 'Gene') :: ['P-gp) and multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['Transient nausea/vomiting']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['hormone-refractory prostate cancer']


abstract: Effective orifice area (EOA) is the standard index for assessing @entity472 ( @entity472 ) severity. However, EOA varies during ejection and a single measurement at 1 ejection time point may not fully describe the hemodynamic severity of a stenotic aortic valve. We investigated whether the dynamic change in EOA during ejection differs between @entity1 with severe @entity472 (EOA </= 1.0 cm(2)) (n = 15) and age-/sex-matched control @entity1 (n = 15), and whether the ejection pattern varies with @entity472 severity (n = 45). In @entity1 with severe @entity472 , maximum left ventricular outflow tract velocity (V(LVOT)) and transvalvular velocity (V( @entity472 )) occurred later in the ejection period (EP) when compared with control @entity1 (V(LVOT) 47 +/- 8 vs 29 +/- 8%, P =.0001; V( @entity472 ) 36 +/- 7 vs 27 +/- 8%, P =.003). Maximum V(LVOT) occurred later than maximum V( @entity472 ) in @entity1 with severe @entity472 (47 +/- 8 vs 36 +/- 7%, P =.0005), but simultaneously in control @entity1 (29 +/- 8 vs 27 +/- 8%, P = NS). @entity1 with severe @entity472 had a slower EOA opening rate than control @entity1 (4 +/- 1 vs 41 +/- 38 cm(2)/s, P =.002) and reached 80% and 100% of maximum EOA later in the EP (43 +/- 26 vs 15 +/- 6%, P =.001; 70 +/- 20 vs 48 +/- 30%, P =.03). EOA tended to increase between 10% and 90% of the EP in @entity1 with severe @entity472 , but had a plateau in control @entity1 (slope 0.38 +/- 0.26 vs 0.02 +/- 0.25% change in EOA per 1% change of EP, P =.0006). In @entity1 with severe @entity472 , EOA was >/=80% of maximum EOA for a shorter duration during ejection compared with control @entity1 (49 +/- 25 vs 64 +/- 14%, P =.05). EOA opening rate, time to maximum V(LVOT), time to maximum V( @entity472 ), and time to 80% of maximum EOA correlated with mean pressure gradient (r = -0.80, 0.63, 0.42, and 0.54, respectively, n = 45). Indices of ejection dynamics and valve kinetics differ in @entity1 with @entity472 and may provide further insight into the hemodynamic or physiologic severity of a stenotic aortic valve.

title: Temporal variations in effective orifice area during ejection in XXXX with valvular aortic stenosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis', 'AS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the rate of major complications related to percutaneous computed tomography (CT)-guided microwave ablation (MWA) of primary and secondary @entity358 performed at our institution over a 4-year period. METHODS: From May 2010 to September 2014, 70 MWAs were performed on 51 @entity1 . All major intra- and post-procedural complications (as defined by the classification proposed by the Society of Interventional Radiology) were retrospectively analysed. The results were correlated with a systematic review of the available literature on MWA in the lung. RESULTS: Major complications were encountered in 14 out of 70 ablations (20%). Twenty-one separate major complications were encountered (some ablations lead to more than one major complication). One @entity204 occurred within 30 days of ablation, though the relationship to the procedure remains uncertain. Other major complications included: nine pneumothoraces requiring drain insertion (12.9%), four cases of large effusion requiring drainage (5.7%), two cases of significant @entity548 altering clinical management (2.9%), two infections (2.9%), one case of mechanical failure (1.4%), one chest wall burn (1.4%) and one case of pleural seeding (1.4%). Major complications were much more likely to occur if the nodule was located within 7   mm from the pleura. CONCLUSION: MWA of @entity5 carries moderate risk; nevertheless, the usually manageable complications should not deter from undertaking a potentially curative therapy for poor surgical candidates.

title: Major complications of high-energy microwave ablation for percutaneous CT-guided treatment of XXXX : Single-centre experience after 4 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tumours']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung malignancies']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['lung malignancies']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 4047 Background: Despite a recent fall in incidence, @entity356 remains common in China. @entity1487 plus P is a standard treatment for AGC, producing response rates of 27-51% in randomized trials, although few Chinese data are available. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of replacing the @entity1487 component with X (Xeloda) as 1st-line therapy in Chinese AGC pts. METHODS: We enrolled 145 pts between @entity1178 2002 and May 2003. All had measurable AGC (WHO), and adequate Karnofsky PS, bone marrow, @entity177 . Prior radiotherapy or adjuvant chemotherapy was permitted. @entity1 received @entity416 1000 mg/m(2) orally twice daily on days 1-14 plus fractionated @entity900 20 mg/m(2) i.v. on days 1-5, every 3 weeks. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics of the 130 pts evaluable to date: 98 @entity1 , 32 @entity1 ; median age 53.7 years (range 23-80); median Karnofsky PS 80 (60-100); 82% of pts had 1 metastatic site, and 18% had >= 2, the most common being the lymph nodes (44%), liver (42%), and stomach (17%). The median treatment duration is currently 6 cycles (range 2-6). Efficacy findings are shown in the table: response rate 45% (95% CI, 36-53%). Median progression-free and overall survival have not yet been reached. There were no grade 4 and very few grade 3 adverse events (all <5%): SGPT and SGOT, @entity8566 , @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity417 , @entity294 , @entity448 , @entity2021 . Most events were easily managed with dose adjustment and/or suitable treatments, except 1 pt with @entity417 who withdrew after 2 cycles. CONCLUSIONS: X combined with fractionated P is highly active and very well tolerated as first-line treatment for AGC, with comparable results to @entity1487 /P. These results provide the rationale for randomized testing of the combination, although standard single infusion of P would enhance convenience. [Figure: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: XXXX (X) combined with @entity900 (P) as 1st-line therapy in Chinese @entity1 (pts) with advanced @entity356 (AGC).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal and hepatic functions']

entities_list: @entity8566 :: ('MESH:D060831', 'Disease') :: ['hand-foot syndrome']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity416 :: (MESH:C110904,Chemical) :: ['Capecitabine']


abstract: AIM: To determine the frequency of @entity548 source detection in @entity1 with obscure @entity360 (OGIB) who underwent double balloon enteroscopy (DBE) after pre-procedure imaging [multiphase computed tomography enterography (MPCTE), video capsule endoscopy (VCE), or both] and assess the impact of imaging on DBE diagnostic yield. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study using a prospectively maintained database of all adult @entity1 presenting with OGIB who underwent DBE from September 1(st), 2002 to June 30(th), 2013 at a single tertiary center. RESULTS: Four hundred and ninety five @entity1 (52% females; median age 68 years) underwent DBE for OGIB. AVCE and/or MPCTE performed within 1 year prior to DBE (in 441 @entity1 ) increased the diagnostic yield of DBE (67.1% with preceding imaging vs 59.5% without). Using DBE as the gold standard, VCE and MPCTE had a diagnostic yield of 72.7% and 32.5% respectively. There were no increased odds of finding a @entity548 site at DBE compared to VCE (OR = 1.3, P = 0.150). There were increased odds of finding a @entity548 site at DBE compared to MPCTE (OR = 5.9, P < 0.001). In inpatients with overt OGIB, diagnostic yield of DBE was not affected by preceding imaging. CONCLUSION: DBE is a safe and well-tolerated procedure for the diagnosis and treatment of OGIB, with a diagnostic yield that may be increased after obtaining a preceding VCE or MPCTE. However, inpatients with active ongoing @entity548 may benefit from proceeding directly to antegrade DBE.

title: Assessment of multi-modality evaluations of obscure XXXX .

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 22-year-old @entity1 presented to our department with a mass on the base of his tongue. He had a cavernous voice causing a moderate @entity8408 , and he had some difficulty in swallowing. He had severe problems with sleep, associated with apnoea. In a fibreoptic laryngoscopic examination, a large 4*5   cm vascular mass was detected extending from the base of the @entity1 's tongue to his @entity2582 . It covered the @entity2582 . Thyroid scintigraphy showed only thyroid tissue on the base of the tongue. Surgery was initiated transorally under the guidance of a rigid endoscope, but as the mass continued extended to the @entity2582 , a transhyoid approach was taken. At a 3-month follow-up, the @entity1 was symptom free. Electrocautery-assisted resection under the guidance of a rigid endoscope can reliably be used in surgery of a @entity15708 . However, a transhyoid approach provides a better view and also helps in achieving haemostasis.

title: A large XXXX extending to the @entity2582 .

entities_list: @entity15708 :: ('MESH:D046151', 'Disease') :: ['lingual thyroid']

entities_list: @entity2582 :: ('MESH:C537690', 'Disease') :: ['epiglottis']

entities_list: @entity8408 :: ('MESH:D013064', 'Disease') :: ['speech disorder']

answer: @entity15708 :: (MESH:D046151,Disease) :: ['lingual thyroid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hyperattenuating nodules detected by arterial phase helical computed tomography (HCT) in @entity1 with @entity82 usually are believed to represent @entity157 ( @entity157 ). We correlated HCT morphology of hyperattenuating hepatic nodules detected during arterial phase scans with the histopathology of explanted livers of @entity1 with @entity1575 undergoing liver transplantation. METHODS: Three hundred fifty-four @entity1 had arterial and portal phase HCT performed before subsequent hepatic transplantation. Each @entity1 received 180 mL of contrast by power injection at 5 mL/s. All hyperattenuating nodules detected on arterial phase HCT were assessed for morphology and evidence for contrast enhancement. Explanted livers in all @entity1 were then sectioned at 10-mm intervals, and the histology of the nodules was correlated with the HCT findings. RESULTS: Sixty-one hyperattenuating nodules were detected on the arterial phase HCT in 43 @entity1 : 41 nodules were benign @entity9384 ( @entity9384 ), three were @entity9384 ( @entity9384 ), and 17 were @entity157 . Most @entity9384 / @entity9384 nodules were 5-20 mm in diameter, had distinct margins, were homogeneous, and were isoattenuating on precontrast, portal, and delayed scans. Thirty-six showed positive contrast enhancement and displayed a wide range of attenuation profiles. HCC nodules were 6-50 mm. All showed positive contrast enhancement and displayed a wide range of attenuation profiles. CONCLUSION: Hyperattenuating nodules seen on arterial phase HCT are likely to be @entity9384 / @entity9384 nodules. In many cases, it is not possible to distinguish between @entity9384 / @entity9384 and HCC. Thus, clinical decisions regarding inclusion criteria for transplantation based on CT morphology of @entity409 may be tenuous.

title: Significance of hyperattenuating and contrast-enhancing hepatic nodules detected in the cirrhotic liver during arterial phase helical CT in pre-liver transplant XXXX : radiologic-histopathologic correlation of explanted livers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesions']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCCs', 'hepatocellular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity9384 :: ('MESH:D016606', 'Disease') :: ['regenerating nodules', 'dysplastic nodules', 'DP', 'RN']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to investigate the occurrence of and risk factors for chemotherapy-induced @entity1209 (CINV) in @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: In total, 214 @entity1 with @entity5 who underwent highly emetogenic (HEC) or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC) were evaluated. We investigated the relationship between CINV and clinical factors and the accuracy of estimation of CINV by medical staff in the acute and late phases. Vomiting was evaluated in terms of frequency, and @entity390 was evaluated with a 100-mm visual analog scale on days 1 to 7. We also analyzed the risk factors and changes in CINV over time using a @entity325 ( @entity325 ) model. RESULTS: The multivariate analysis revealed no significant risk factors for acute CINV. The independent risk factors for delayed @entity390 were a morning sickness history (odds ratio [OR], 2.687; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.450-4.976; p=0.0017), age (each 1-year increment) (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.944-0.996; p=0.0235), and HEC (OR, 2.134; 95% CI, 1.039-4.383; p=0.0391). The @entity325 model demonstrated that the independent factors affecting @entity390 were significant morning sickness (p=0.0101) and HEC (p=0.0136). These data also showed more severe @entity390 from days 3 to 5, but the negative predictive value for estimation of delayed @entity390 by medical staff was 57.8%. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that improvement of preventive antiemetic administration is needed for @entity1 with risk factors to manage delayed CINV caused by HEC and by MEC.

title: A prospective observational study on chemotherapy-induced XXXX (CINV) in @entity1 with @entity5 by the CINV Study Group of Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gynecologic cancer']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['generalized linear mixed', 'GLM']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity1209 :: (MESH:D020250,Disease) :: ['nausea and vomiting']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Due to the painful nature of childbirth and its maternal and neonatal complications, the @entity1 needs support in this phase of their life. Increased knowledge and skills during pregnancy prepares pregnant mothers for labor and leads to promoted health. AIM: This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of "prenatal education" on the process of childbirth. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This clinical trial was conducted on 195 pregnant @entity1 , that is, control group (N = 132) and case group (N = 63) attending health centers in Amol-Iran from 20 weeks of gestation age during 2012. Case group members attended in "prenatal education" class and the control group only received routine care. Data were collected through demographic questionnaire, standard @entity148 , and a checklist related to childbirth information, and intensity of @entity158 based on visual analogue scale and McGill scales. The data were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software using t-test and Chi-square test. RESULTS: The result of this study showed that the parent with a high level of education was more interested to @entity1 in prenatal classes. The anxiety level in case group (who received education) was 14.47 (4.69) and in control group it was 16 (4.86), (P < 0.001) the @entity158 intensity in case group was 85.68 (1.85) and in control group was 90.99 (14.72) (P = 0.03), intervention on labor such episiotomy was 39 %66.1 (39/63) in case group and 80 %72.8 (80/132) in control group (P = 0.01) and cesarean section was 13 %17.1 (13/63) in case group and 58 %32.2 (58/132) in control group (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: According to findings of this study, the prenatal education and psychological support are beneficial for mothers during pregnancy and labor. Therefore, it is recommended for educating all the pregnant @entity1 .

title: The Effectiveness of Prenatal Intervention on XXXX and @entity148 during the Process of Childbirth-Northern Iran: Clinical Trial Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['hospital anxiety questionnaire']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the differentiating potentials of computed tomography texture analysis for @entity2 ( @entity2 ) from their preinvasive lesions or minimally invasive @entity420 (MIAs) manifesting as persistent pure ground-glass nodules (PGGNs) larger than 5 mm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This institutional review board-approved retrospective study included 63 @entity1 (23 @entity1 and 40 @entity1 ) with 66 PGGNs larger than 5 mm on unenhanced computed tomography from 2005 to 2013. All PGGNs were pathologically confirmed and categorized into 2 groups [ @entity2 (n = 11) vs preinvasive lesions (n = 41)/MIAs (n = 14)]. Each PGGN was segmented manually, and their texture features were quantitatively extracted. To identify significant differentiating factors of @entity2 from preinvasive lesions/MIAs, multivariate logistic regression and C-statistic analyses were performed. RESULTS: Between @entity2 and preinvasive lesions/MIAs, nodule size, volume, mass, entropy, effective diameter, and surface area were significantly different (P < 0.05), and homogeneity and gray level co-occurrence matrix inverse difference moment showed marginal significance (P < 0.10). Subsequent multivariate analysis revealed larger nodule mass [adjusted odds ratio (OR), 11.92], higher entropy (adjusted OR, 35.12), and lower homogeneity (adjusted OR, 0.278 * 10) as independent differentiating factors of @entity2 . Subgroup analysis showed that larger nodule mass, higher entropy, and lower homogeneity were also significant differentiating variables of @entity2 in nodules of diameter 10 mm or larger. A multiple logistic regression model using these features showed excellent [area under the curve (AUC), 0.962] and significantly higher differentiating performance compared to nodule size (AUC, 0.712) or mass (AUC, 0.788) alone. CONCLUSION: Computed tomography texture features such as higher entropy and lower homogeneity were significant differentiating factors of @entity2 presenting as PGGNs larger than 5 mm and have potentials to enhance the differentiating performance.

title: Persistent Pure Ground-Glass Nodules Larger Than 5 mm: Differentiation of Invasive XXXX From Preinvasive Lesions or Minimally Invasive @entity420 Using Texture Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['IPAs', 'invasive pulmonary adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary Adenocarcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity238 proneural genes act in the process of selecting neural precursors from undifferentiated ectoderm. The proneural gene atonal is required for the development of precursors of both chordotonal organs (stretch receptors) and photoreceptors. Although these types of sensory element are dissimilar in structure and function, they both occur as organized arrays of neurons. Previous studies have shown that clustering of photoreceptors involves local recruitment, and that signalling by the @entity238 @entity11735 (DER) pathway is involved in the recruitment process. We present evidence that a similar mechanism is required for the clustering of embryonic chordotonal organs. RESULTS: We have examined the expression patterns of atonal and genes of the DER pathway in wild-type and mutant backgrounds. Expression of atonal was restricted to a subset of the atonal-requiring chordotonal precursors, which we call founder precursors. The remaining precursors required DER signalling for their selection. Signalling by the founder precursors was initiated by atonal activating, directly or indirectly, @entity12754 expression in these cells. Signalling by these founder precursors then provoked a response in the surrounding ectodermal cells, as shown by the activation of expression of the DER target genes pointed and argos. The signal and response then led to recruitment of some of the ectodermal cells to the chordotonal precursor cell fate. DER hyperactivation by misexpression of @entity12754 resulted in excessive chordotonal precursor recruitment. CONCLUSIONS: Increased numbers of chordotonal precursors are recruited by homeogenetic induction involving signalling via DER from founder precursors to surrounding ectodermal cells. We suggest that the reason chordotonal organs and photoreceptors share a requirement for the proneural gene atonal is that this gene activates a common pathway leading to @entity1423 .

title: Requirement for XXXX signalling in neural recruitment during formation of @entity238 chordotonal sense organ clusters.

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['neural aggregation']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

entities_list: @entity11735 :: ('37455(Tax:7227)', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

answer: @entity11735 :: (37455(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['EGF receptor']


abstract: Transforming growth factor-beta ( @entity641 ) is actively expressed during @entity19 calvarial suture fusion. However, the role @entity641 plays in this process remains unclear. The present study was performed to investigate whether modulation of suture fusion can be achieved by blocking the bioavailability of @entity641 . Both in vitro and in vivo models were studied. For the in vitro model, the posterior frontal sutures from 24-day-old @entity19 were harvested and cultured for 2, 3, or 4 weeks in the presence of 20 microg/ml of pan-specific @entity641 polyclonal antibody or rabbit IgG as a control. Culture media were changed every 48 hours and fresh antibody or rabbit IgG was added during each media change. Suture fusion was evaluated by histometric analysis. For the in vivo model, @entity641 antisense plasmid DNA complexed with @entity496 was injected into the subgaleal layer along the frontal suture of 22-day-old @entity19 under anesthesia. For control groups, empty vector plasmid DNA+ complexed with @entity496 was used. The posterior frontal sutures were harvested at various time points and examined by histometric analysis and reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction for the detection of messenger RNA. The in vitro studies demonstrated that the presence of @entity641 antibody in culture media delayed posterior frontal suture fusion. By 3 weeks in culture, new bone area was only 20 percent of that in control groups as determined by histometric analysis. By the end of the fourth week, suture fusion was only 25 percent completed compared with controls. The in vivo studies demonstrated that, compared with the control, posterior frontal suture fusion was significantly delayed in the animals injected with antisense plasmid DNA. Suture fusion was complete in control animals by postnatal day 45. There was a 70 percent inhibition of suture fusion (new bone area) in antisense groups measured with histometric analysis. Four days after antisense plasmid DNA injection (age of 26 days), messenger RNA expression for @entity641 was 77 percent lower than in the control group. We have demonstrated that modulation of @entity641 affects calvarial suture formation in vitro and in vivo with @entity641 antibody and @entity641 antisense plasmid DNA treatment, respectively. These data indicate that @entity641 may play a causative role in @entity19 posterior frontal suture fusion. Modulation @entity641 gene expression in vivo can alter the natural history of cranial suture fusion.

title: The role of transforming growth factor-beta in the modulation of XXXX cranial suture fusion.

entities_list: @entity496 :: ('MESH:C086724', 'Chemical') :: ['lipofectamine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Late-onset noninfectious @entity358 (LONIPCs) occurring beyond 3 months after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo- @entity12497 ) have become recognized as life-threatening complications, and they reduce the recipient's quality of life. However, the pathogenesis and optimal treatment for LONIPCs are still unclear. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the incidence and outcome of LONIPCs among allo- @entity12497 recipients. Between October 1993 and September 2001, 96 @entity1 underwent allo- @entity12497 and 76 @entity1 who survived and were free of disease for more than 3 months after @entity12497 were enrolled. Among the 76 @entity1 , 18 @entity1 (23.7%) developed LONIPCs at a median interval of 227 days after allo- @entity12497 (range, 91-1105 days). The @entity1 with LONIPCs were subclassified into those with @entity4154 ( @entity4154 ) (6 @entity1 ), with @entity401 ( @entity401 ) (11 @entity1 ), or with both @entity4154 and @entity401 (1 @entity1 ). The presence of extensive @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) was significantly associated with the development of LONIPCs (P =.0008). Liver or skin involvement in chronic @entity2132 was not associated, but sicca syndrome was significantly associated with the development of LONIPCs (P <.0001). Most of the @entity401 @entity1 (58.3%) responded well to immunosuppressive treatment, while @entity4154 @entity1 did not respond to the therapy. Eight of the 18 @entity1 with LONIPCs died. The major cause of @entity204 was @entity1576 (62.5%). The relapse rate of primary @entity5 in the LONIPC @entity1 was significantly lower than that of non-LONIPC @entity1 (1 of 17 [5.9%] versus 16 of 52 [30.8%]; P =.0387). These results indicate that the development of LONIPCs was strongly associated with chronic @entity2132 and especially with @entity2132 (GVL) effect.

title: Late-onset noninfectious XXXX after allogeneic stem cell transplantation are significantly associated with @entity2132 and with the graft-versus-leukemia effect.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'sicca syndrome and the graft-versus-leukemia', 'chronic graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['IP', 'interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity4154 :: ('MESH:D001989', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis obliterans', 'BO']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary complications']


abstract: Bone marrow transplantation and stem cell transplantation have become standard therapies offering potential cures for a number of @entity1583 and @entity1200 . @entity281 remains a life threatening complication after transplantation, contributes significantly to morbidity, and may necessitate admission to the ICU. It is estimated that between 20 and 40% of @entity1 receiving bone marrow transplant will require ICU admission in the initial posttransplantation phase. Historically, survival rates after admission to the ICU are dismal, particularly if mechanical ventilation is required for @entity1576 . Other organ involvement worsens the prognosis still further and has led to proposals for rationing or restricting access to critical care units and supportive measures. Recent studies have reported small but significant improvements in outcome after @entity3124 . Whether this improvement is a result of changes in levels of supportive care or a more defined @entity1 selection is uncertain. Moreover, risk factors identifying @entity1 who will benefit most from intensive support are poorly defined. However, it is generally accepted that @entity1576 requiring invasive mechanical ventilation is associated with a poor prognosis in this @entity1 group. Early involvement of intensivists in the management of @entity3124 in transplant recipients is likely to continue to improve survival in this group of @entity1 .

title: Severe XXXX after bone marrow transplantation.

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Severe infection']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immunologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']