abstract: OBJECTIVE: Most @entity5 @entity1 become increasingly anxious toward the end of their life. The objective of this study was to identify predictors of increased opioid dosage in the last week of a @entity5 @entity1 's life. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed charts of @entity1 who died in our palliative care unit. We assigned the @entity1 to increased group or decreased group according to changes in oral @entity1286 equivalent dosage in their last 7 days. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of increased oral @entity1286 equivalent dosage. RESULTS: We analyzed data of 158 @entity1 (female: 43.7%, median age: 64 years). The median oral @entity1286 equivalent dosages on Days 7 and 1 before death were 50 mg (interquartile range: 24-122) and 61 mg (28-129), respectively. Independent predictors of increased oral @entity1286 equivalent dosage included @entity1353 (odds ratio: 11.5, 95% confidence interval: 4.98-28.83, P < 0.01), age <65 years (odds ratio: 2.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.04-5.26, P = 0.04) and oral @entity1286 equivalent dosage <50 mg on Day 7 before death (odds ratio: 3.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.68-8.89, P < 0.01). The median oral @entity1286 equivalent dosages on Days 7 and 1 before death were 48 mg (interquartile range: 20-126) and 75 mg (36-170) in @entity1 with @entity1353 , and 50 mg (25-120) and 57 mg (25-124) in @entity1 with @entity158 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1353 , relative youth and oral @entity1286 equivalent dosage <50 mg on Day 7 before death were predictive of increased oral @entity1286 equivalent dosage in the last 7 days. Our findings may help oncologists to more accurately inform @entity1 about expected opioid requirements and thus relieve their end-of-life @entity148 .

title: XXXX , Relative Youth and Low Daily Doses of Opioids Predict Increased Opioid Dosage in the Last Week of a @entity5 @entity1 's Life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['Dyspnea', 'dyspnea']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'terminal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity1353 :: (MESH:D004417,Disease) :: ['Dyspnea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical effect of subtotal vertebrectomy, decompression and strut grafting in treating thoracolumbar burst @entity174 through @entity601 . METHODS: From May 2005 to July 2008, 14 @entity1 with thoracolumbar burst @entity174 were treated with subtotal vertebrectomy, decompression and strut grafting through @entity601 . There were 9 males and 5 females, ranging in age from 24 to 68 years, with an average of 42.3 years. All @entity1 were single segment @entity174 , of them, @entity3138 was in 1 case, @entity7279 in 5, L1 in 5 and L2 in 3. According to AO classification in spinal @entity174 , type A3 was in 5 cases, B1 in 3, B2 in 3, C1 in 2, C2 in 1. According to the ASIA classification in neurological function, grade A was in 3 cases, B in 3, C in 5, D in 2, E in 1. The height of anterior border vertebral body, volume of spinal canal and neurological function were analyzed by X-ray films, CT scanning and ASIA classification preoperative, postoperative and at final follow-up. RESULTS: Operative time was from 3.5 to 5.5 hours with the mean of 4.0 hours; @entity548 during operation was from 800 to 2 600 ml with the mean of 1 300 ml. Two cases with nerve @entity130 recovered without special handling after 3-6 months; 1 case with leakage of cerebrospinal fluid restored through lumbar cerebrospinal fluid drainage; 1 case with pleura tear healed through closed thoracic drainage. No @entity1317 or @entity281 was found. The follow-up time was from 8 to 36 months with the mean of 16.5 months. All @entity1 had neurofunctional recovery at different degree, except that 3 @entity1 in grade A. The height of @entity1347 restored from (42.25 +/- 11.87)% preoperatively to (94.38 +/- 3.08)% postoperatively, and (92.87 +/- 3.32)% at final follow-up (P<0.05); volume of spinal canal (the actual volume of spinal canal/normal volume of spine canal) increased from (45.63 +/- 6.88)% preoperatively to (95.26 +/- 3.31)% postoperatively, and (96.13 +/- 2.56)% at final follow-up (P<0.05). Cobb angle were corrected from (25.64 +/- 4.40) degrees preoperatively to (5.80 +/- 1.14) degrees postoperatively; Cobb angle lost from 0 degrees to 6 degrees at final follow-up with (8.10 +/- 2.65) degrees. All @entity1 obtained complete bony fusion without @entity1516 formation at final follow-up. CONCLUSION: Subtotal vertebrectomy decompression and strut grafting through @entity601 is an effective and safe method in treating thoracolumbar burst @entity174 , which can restored height of intervertebral body, volume of spinal canal and physiological flexion of spinal column, and retain spinal permanent stability.

title: [Treatment of thoracolumbar burst XXXX with subtotal vertebrectomy, decompression and strut grafting through posterolateral approach].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior border vetebral body']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['posterolateral approach via posterior midline incision']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['root injury']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudarthrosis']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Respite workers (RW) commonly care for @entity1 with @entity717 ( @entity717 ), and @entity158 is common for these @entity1 . Little is known about factors which inform @entity158 assessment and management-related decisions. OBJECTIVES: To describe/determine the following in response to a series of @entity158 -related scenarios (e.g., @entity10 , falling): (1) factors considered important by RW when assessing @entity1 with @entity717 's @entity158 ; (2) whether @entity1 's verbal ability impacts @entity158 assessment factors considered; (3) RW assessment and management approach. @entity1 : Fifty-six RW (18-67 years, Mage=33.37, 46 female). PROCEDURE/MEASURES: In an online survey, @entity1 read and responded to six vignettes manipulating @entity1 verbal ability (verbal, nonverbal) and @entity158 source. RESULTS: The factors most frequently considered when assessing @entity158 were @entity1 behavior (range: 20-57.4%), and history (e.g., @entity158 , general; 3.7-38.9%). Factors did not vary by @entity1 's verbal ability. RW indicated varied assessment and management-related actions (range: 1-11) for each scenario. DISCUSSION: Findings suggest: a) factors informing @entity158 assessment did not depend on whether or not the @entity1 was verbal and b) a degree of flexibility in RW response to @entity158 across situations. While these findings are encouraging, ensuring RW have adequate @entity158 assessment and management knowledge specific to @entity1 with @entity717 is critical.

title: Caring for @entity1 with XXXX part 2: Detailed analyses of factors involved in respite workers' reported assessment and care decisions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'child']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ID', 'intellectual disabilities']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['intellectual disabilities']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The psychological impact of an unfavorable genetic test result for counselees at risk for @entity4310 seems to be limited: only 10-20  % of counselees have @entity458 after testing positive for a known familial mutation. The objective of this study was to find prognostic factors that can predict which counselees are most likely to develop @entity458 after presymptomatic genetic testing. Counselees with a 50  % risk of @entity6069 or @entity4309 completed questionnaires at three time-points: after receiving a written invitation for a genetic counseling intake (T1), 2-3  days after receiving their DNA test result (T2), and 4-6  weeks later (T3). The psychological impact of the genetic test result was examined shortly and 4-6  weeks after learning their test result. Subsequently, the influence of various potentially prognostic factors on psychological impact were examined in the whole group. Data from 165 counselees were analyzed. Counselees with an unfavorable outcome did not have more @entity147 , but showed significantly more @entity5 worries 4-6  weeks after learning their test result. Prognostic factors for @entity5 worries after genetic testing were pre-existing @entity5 worries, being single, a high risk perception of getting @entity5 , and an unfavorable test result. @entity147 was best predicted by pre-existing @entity5 worries and pre-existing @entity147 . The psychological impact of an unfavorable genetic test result appears considerable if it is measured as "worries about @entity5 ." Genetic counselors should provide additional guidance to counselees with many @entity5 worries, @entity147 , a high risk perception or a weak social network.

title: Prognostic Factors for Distress After Genetic Testing for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['Lynch syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological problems']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['Emotional distress', 'emotional distress']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary cancer']

answer: @entity4310 :: (MESH:D009386,Disease) :: ['Hereditary Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Campylobacter spp. has been identified as one of the leading causes of @entity2348 in the world. In recent years, an increase was demonstrated in the incidence of campylobacteriosis in several countries, including Israel. The incidence rate of campylobacteriosis in Israel increased from 22.3 per 100000 in 1997 to 77.4 per 100000 in 2009. The aim of this study was to explore risk factors for @entity281 with Campylobacter among young @entity1 in Israel. METHODS: A matched case-control study was performed to investigate risk factors for sporadic @entity27134 among 113 affected @entity1 1 to 5 years of age and 113 age-, gender- and neighborhood-matched controls. Information about exposure to potential risk factors was obtained via telephone interview and was evaluated by conditional logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: In the multivariable model, for each additional @entity1573 meal consumed during the week before the onset of illness, the odds for @entity27134 increased by 32% (adjusted matched odds ratios (aMOR)=1.32, 95%CI: 1.01-1.72, p-value=0.04) while consumption of fruits and vegetables decreased the odds for @entity27134 by 97% (aMOR=0.03, 95%CI: 0.00-0.28, p-value<0.01), and for each additional @entity1 living in the household, the odds for @entity281 decreased by 48% (aMOR=0.52, 95%CI: 0.33-0.83, p-value<0.01). Using diaper increased the odds for campylobacteriosis (aMOR=7.36, 95%CI: 1.66-32.70, p-value<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Interventions that focus on proper handling of @entity1573 and @entity1573 products, hand washing and encouraging consumption of fruits and vegetables could help in controlling Campylobacterinfections.

title: Risk Factors for Sporadic Infection with Campylobacter Spp. among XXXX in Israel: A Case-Control Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity27134 :: ('MESH:D002169', 'Disease') :: ['Campylobacter infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Transtympanic @entity801 therapy has become a popular treatment modality for @entity9303 , but questions regarding the ideal dose of medicine, the best administration paradigm, and the safest treatment end-point remain unanswered. The goal of this study is to examine the inner ear kinetics of transtympanic @entity801 and compare this with the kinetics of sustained-release delivery in a basic science model. In addition, we plan to examine the relationship of these kinetics curves to the effect of the two treatment modalities on inner ear function and morphology. It is hoped that this analysis will help clinicians to better apply local medical therapy to the ear. STUDY DESIGN: The study is a basic science project designed to examine perilymph @entity801 concentrations, hearing results, and inner ear morphology in an animal model. METHODS: @entity801 was applied to the right ear of chinchillas either through a transtympanic approach or in a sustained-release device. The left ear remained untreated as an internal control. At set time points the animals' hearing and balance function was studied and the perilymph was harvested, after which the animal was killed and preserved for histological evaluation. Kinetics curves were constructed for each of the two treatment paradigms and compared with histological and functional outcomes. RESULTS: The two groups yielded dramatically different kinetics curves. The transtympanic curve had a high peak level at 24 hours with rapid fall-off and almost total elimination by 48 hours, whereas the sustained-release curve was characterized by a long, flat plateau phase with a peak that was approximately one-third that of the transtympanic curve. In addition, the variability seen in perilymph concentrations was significantly higher in the transtympanic group than in the sustained-release group. Immunohistochemical analysis using antibodies against cleaved @entity522 and cleaved @entity14544 demonstrated early damage in the @entity4494 of both groups, before any obvious morphological change in the hair cells. The staining was significantly more dense in animals with transtympanic delivery. Cochlear and vestibular hair cell damage was seen at late time points in animals from both groups. @entity393 ( @entity393 ) progressed in an orderly fashion in the sustained-release group of animals, with no @entity393 seen in the early time points and universal significant threshold shifts present by 72 hours. In the transtympanic group, the @entity393 was more variable, with significant threshold shifts occurring as early as 4 hours after treatment, but with some animals demonstrating preserved hearing at the 72-hour time point. All animals demonstrated profound @entity393 at the 6-day time point. CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant difference in the shape and variability of the perilymph kinetics curve when comparing sustained-release delivery to transtympanic delivery of @entity801 . High early peak levels of @entity801 seen with transtympanic therapy may have a profound effect on the @entity4494 and produce early @entity393 before obvious hair cell damage. Sustained delivery of @entity801 produces universal @entity393 at 72 hours. The reliability of sustained-release delivery to the ear reduces functional and morphological variations between animals.

title: Transtympanic versus sustained-release administration of XXXX : kinetics, morphology, and function.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin', 'Gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity9303 :: ('MESH:D008575', 'Disease') :: ["Meniere's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['spiral ganglion']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['HL', 'Hearing loss']

answer: @entity801 :: (MESH:D005839,Chemical) :: ['gentamicin']


abstract: Serial changes in @entity339 after anterior mitral valve repair were examined by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in 34 of 86 consecutive @entity1 with pure @entity339 who underwent anterior mitral valve repair from 1987 to 1996. The @entity1 were divided into two groups: 15 @entity1 undergoing mitral repair with @entity736 ( @entity736 ; @entity736 group) and 19 undergoing conventional mitral repair without @entity736 (non- @entity736 group). The @entity736 group included 11 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 with a mean age of 52.1 years. They were followed for mean 22.8 +/- 12.0 months. The non- @entity736 group included 12 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 with a mean age of 53.9 years. They were followed for mean 33.9 +/- 20.4 months. @entity339 jet areas were observed at the time of operation, 1 month after mitral valve repair, and in the late follow-up period. Regurgitation jet areas were 0.7 +/- 0.7, 1.1 +/- 0.9 and 2.5 +/- 2.1 cm2 in the @entity736 group, and 1.1 +/- 1.3, 2.4 +/- 1.7, 4.7 +/- 2.9 cm2 in the non- @entity736 group. The jet area was significantly smaller in the @entity736 group than in the non- @entity736 group at 1 month after operation and in the late follow-up period. Moderate to severe regurgitation was observed in two @entity1 (13.3%) in the @entity736 group, and eight @entity1 (42.1%) in the non- @entity736 group. Mitral valve repair with @entity736 showed better results than conventional mitral valve repair without @entity736 during the mean follow-up period of 23 months.

title: [Serial changes in XXXX after mitral valve repair with artificial chordae tendineae: assessment by transesophageal echocardiography].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['PTFE', 'polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['Mitral regurgitation', 'mitral regurgitation']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral regurgitation']


abstract: This paper examines the spread of @entity2953 from the Opening of Korea to the early Japanese colonial period. It focuses on the formation and expansion of Japanese settlement in Korea, the influence of wars, and the state control of VD. The Opening of Korea made the foreign settlement, and Japanese licensed prostitution flourished in Japanese settlement. According to the First Annual Report of the Korean Government Hospital (1886) and Gyelimuisa (1887), VD @entity1 occupied 18.3% of outpatients in Jejungwon hospital of Seoul and 8.9% of outpatients in Busan hospital. Directly after the Opening of Korea, Korean @entity1 's VD became lesser critical than Japanese @entity1 's VD. But the expansion of Japanese settlement and outbreak of two wars such as Sino-Japanese War and Russo-Japanese War made worse Korean @entity1 's VD. According to the Residency-General resources (1904-1909), @entity1065 @entity1 was registered in 0.8-6.6% (average 3.6%). If it add to @entity2954 and @entity27739 @entity1 which often could not be found out by the naked eyes, the number of VD @entity1 will be increase. Ji Seok-yeong (1855-1935), the earliest @entity14333 vaccinarian in Korea, asserted the need of VD control. Though he warned @entity1 bought sex as well as prostitutes became the main culprit of VD diffusion, he supported licensed prostitution because of realistic possibility. The Great Han Empire (1897-1910) tried to control the lower grade whore, and gathered prostitutes in some area by police power. After Japanese annexation of Korea, while Japanese has gradually decreased in VD @entity1 , Korean has gradually increased in VD @entity1 .

title: [Trade, wars and the XXXX : VD epidemic and control of Korea in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2954 :: ('MESH:D006069', 'Disease') :: ['gonorrhea']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['venereal disease']

answer: @entity2953 :: (MESH:D012749,Disease) :: ['venereal disease']


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: We present the case of a @entity1 with @entity4802 associated with @entity292 in the middle of philtrum at the upper lip. @entity1 AND METHODS: The @entity1 was supported from birth for @entity4802 . Several procedures were performed in childhood to correct a @entity5020 and @entity3572 right. At 14 years old, she has a rhinoplasty to correct a complex nasal @entity600 . During the procedure, a hole in the upper central incisor inter-space is found. It is extended by a @entity292 which runs through the front palate towards the vomer rail at the base of the partition. This @entity292 is blind behind the vomer and can be completely resected. Pathological examination of the resection reveals a squamous lining. RESULTS: The median @entity292 of the upper lip are extremely rare  : less than 30 cases reported in the literature. The unusual run of the @entity292 and the recent appearance of a @entity4611 in this @entity1 makes us look for a continuity between it and Rathke's pocket by computed tomography imaging type. CONCLUSION: The association of @entity4802 and median @entity3384 was never yet described in the literature. The association with @entity4614 was suspected with the posterior extension of the @entity600 , not confirmed by the scanner, but strongly suspected jointly by the neurosurgical and plastic surgery team.

title: [Median XXXX associated with @entity4802 : Report of a case].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5020 :: ('MESH:D008265', 'Disease') :: ['macrostomia']

entities_list: @entity3572 :: ('MESH:D008336', 'Disease') :: ['mandibular hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity4802 :: ('MESH:D006053', 'Disease') :: ['Goldenhar syndrome']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'congenital fistula']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['congenital fistula of the upper lip']

answer: @entity3384 :: (MESH:D002971,Disease) :: ['congenital fistula of the upper lip']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evaluate TENS effectiveness as a complementary treatment of chronic @entity2371 and @entity546 in @entity1 with @entity46 . STUDY DESIGN: This randomized controlled trial was performed in a tertiary health care center, including twenty-two @entity1 with @entity46 undergoing hormone therapy with persistent @entity2371 and/or @entity546 . This study was registered in the Brazilian Record of Clinical Trials (ReBEC), under n RBR-3rndh6. TENS application for 8 weeks followed a randomized allocation into two groups: Group 1 - acupuncture-like TENS (Frequency: 8Hz, pulse duration: 250 s) - VIF (n=11) and Group 2 - self-applied TENS (Frequency: 85Hz, pulse duration: 75 s) (n=11). The intensity applied was "strong, but comfortable". We evaluated @entity1 before and after treatment by the use of the Visual Analogue Scale, Deep @entity546 Scale and Endometriosis Quality of Life Questionnaire. We used the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests to compare before and after treatment conditions. RESULTS: Despite the use of hormone therapy for 1.65  2.08 years, the 22 @entity1 with @entity46 sustained @entity2371 complaints (VAS=5.95  2.13 and 2.45  2.42, p<.001) and/or @entity546 ( @entity15353 =2.29  0.46 and 1.20  1.01, p=.001). We observed significant improvement for chronic @entity2371 , @entity546 and quality of life by the use of TENS. Both application types of TENS were effective for improving the evaluated types of @entity158 . CONCLUSIONS: Both resources (acupuncture-like TENS and self-applied TENS) demonstrated effectiveness as a complementary treatment of @entity2371 and @entity546 , improving quality of life in @entity1 with @entity46 regardless of the device used for treatment.

title: Effectiveness of XXXX treatment for @entity1 with @entity46 through Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS): randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['deep endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['deep dyspareunia', 'Dyspareunia']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['complementary pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1911 multisystem crisis is a rare and life-threatening disease that is associated with numerous symptoms and which is also difficult to diagnose. We herein report an autopsy case of a 61-year-old @entity1 who died due to @entity1911 . The @entity1 complained of @entity391 and breathlessness. Computed tomography showed a shadow-like region with a similar appearance to @entity401 . The @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity661 induced by severe @entity358 based on the results of echocardiography and coronary angiography. The @entity1 was treated for @entity401 . However, his condition rapidly deteriorated and he died 6 hours after arrival. We were later informed of his extremely high @entity5733 serum levels. We found @entity1911 with @entity548 at autopsy. The @entity1 's lungs showed @entity697 with @entity4 and extravasation.

title: @entity1911 Multisystem Crisis Behaving Like XXXX : An Autopsy Case.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute passive congestion']

entities_list: @entity5733 :: ('D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma', 'Pheochromocytoma', 'pheochromocytoma multisystem crisis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['takotsubo cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonia']

answer: @entity401 :: (MESH:D017563,Disease) :: ['Interstitial Pneumonia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED:     OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and albumin-corrected glycated serum proteins ( @entity2313 - @entity23756 ) on the mortality of @entity6 @entity1 receiving continuous @entity298 ( @entity298 ).     METHODS: In this single-center retrospective cohort study, incident @entity6 @entity1 from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2010, were recruited, and followed up until December 31, 2011. The effect of HbA1c and @entity2313 - @entity23756 on mortality was evaluated by Cox proportional hazards models.     RESULTS: A total of 200 @entity1 (60% male, mean age 60.3    10.6 years) with a mean follow-up of 29.0 months (range: 4.3 - 71.5 months) were recruited. Sixty-four @entity1 died during the follow-up period, of whom 21 died of @entity65 ( @entity65 ). Mean values for HbA1c, @entity23756 and @entity2313 - @entity23756 were 6.7% (range: 4.1 - 12.5%), 202  mol/L (range: 69 - 459  mol/L), and 5.78  mol/g (range: 2.16 - 14.98  mol/g), respectively. The concentrations of @entity23756 and @entity2313 - @entity23756 were closely correlated with HbA1c (r = 0.41, p < 0.001 and r = 0.45, p < 0.001, respectively). In multivariate Cox proportional hazards models, @entity1 with HbA1c >=  8% were associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.29, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06 - 4.96, p = 0.04), but no increased mortality in @entity1 with 6.0%  <= HbA1c  <= 7.9%. @entity1 with @entity2313 - @entity23756  <= 4.50  mol/g had increased all-cause and non-cardiovascular mortality (HR = 2.42, 95% CI: 1.13 - 5.19, p = 0.02; and HR = 2.98, 95% CI: 1.05 - 8.48, p = 0.04 respectively).     CONCLUSIONS: Increased @entity4051 c and decreased @entity2313 - @entity23756 may be associated with poorer survival in @entity6 @entity1 , with a non-significant trend observed for poorer survival with the highest level of @entity2313 - @entity23756 .

title: The Effect of Glycated Hemoglobin and Albumin-Corrected Glycated Serum Protein on Mortality in @entity6 XXXX Receiving Continuous Peritoneal Dialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetic PD']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: This study was undertaken to investigate electrophysiological properties of immortalized SV40-transfected @entity1 corneal endothelial cells (HCEC-SV40) combined with the analysis of intracellular @entity141 responses mediated by ligands for receptor @entity669 kinases (RTK). In addition, the effects of several @entity669 kinase inhibitors were tested on @entity141 inflow mediated by induction of capacitative @entity460 entry (CCE). Patch-clamp techniques and measurements of the intracellular free @entity141 ([ @entity141 ](i)) by @entity593 were performed using HCEC-SV40. Stimulation of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) (e.g. by basic-FGF) (10 ng ml(-1)) elicited activation of @entity141 permeable channels and a subsequent increase of cytosolic free @entity141 in HCEC-SV40. This effect could be disrupted by the L-type @entity141 channel blocker @entity594 (5 microM). In addition, @entity594 significantly reduced the magnitude of CCE. Inhibition of protein @entity669 kinases (PTKs) by @entity670 , @entity10755 , or @entity12079 51 (all 5 microM) also led to a reduction of CCE in HCEC-SV40. This study demonstrates for the first time that L-type @entity141 channel activity in HCEC-SV40 is linked to the activity of FGF receptor @entity669 kinases. These data regarding @entity141 inflow through @entity141 channels could be useful for investigation of culture and vitality conditions of HCEC.

title: @entity460 influx induced by activation of receptor XXXX kinases in SV40-transfected @entity1 corneal endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['genistein']

entities_list: @entity10755 :: ('MESH:C062898', 'Chemical') :: ['lavendustin A']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity12079 :: ('CHEBI:38637', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrphostin']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 9728 Background: To evaluate the age of presentation of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and its correlation with the expression of @entity1722 and hormonal receptors in Mexican @entity1 Methods: A descriptive analysis of 101 @entity1 with @entity0 was carried out in the Oncology Hospital 'Siglo XXI' during the year 2002-2003.Testing of herceptes and determination of hormonal receptors were correlated with the clinical stage and the @entity1 age. RESULTS: The average @entity1 age was 52 years (range 29-86), the most frequent clinical stage was stage III (58.41%). 26 @entity1 with @entity1722 positive, 75 @entity1 @entity1722 negative. 37 @entity1 with RE positive, 62 RE negative, 37 @entity1 with @entity6391 positive and 61 with @entity6391 negative. A description of the subgroups is detailed in the table below. [Figure: see text] Undeterminable = 2, non classification = 5 When correlating @entity1722 /neu with hormonal receptors the following results were established: @entity1722 positive is associated with RE negative (80.76%) and with RE positive (15.38%); @entity1722 /neu negative is associated with @entity6391 negative (84.61%), and with @entity6391 positive (7.69%), with RE negative (54.60%), and with RE positive (44.00%). CONCLUSIONS: The age of presentation of @entity0 is at least 10 years earlier than in developed countries, the over-expression of @entity1722 is similar to that reported in the literature, and in the same way the appearance of positive hormonal receptors is associated with under-expression of @entity1722 . The RE and @entity6391 are expressed in equal percentage in @entity1 with @entity1722 negative. Environmental and inherent factors need studying in order to investigate the early appearance of @entity0 . No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Early appearance of @entity0 ( XXXX ) and its patterns of expression for @entity1722 and hormonal receptors (HR).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['BC']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 236 Background: @entity1 (pts) with @entity146 are generally treated with curative intent and many become long-term survivors. There is little data on health behaviors after @entity706 diagnosis and their effect on QOL and long-term outcomes. METHODS: Lymphoma pts were prospectively enrolled within 9 months of diagnosis in the University of Iowa/Mayo Clinic SPORE Molecular Epidemiology Resource (MER) and systematically followed. We measured QOL (FACT-G) and health behaviors ( @entity286 / @entity285 use; diet/exercise habits) 3 years after diagnosis. For this study, "survivor" was defined as alive at 3 years from diagnosis with no active disease or treatment within the previous year. RESULTS: From 2002-2012, 671 @entity1 with @entity146 were enrolled, met survivor definition, and completed 3-year QOL and health behavior questionnaires. At 3-years, 31% of female (F) and 48% of male (M) reported a history of @entity286 use for 6+ months. Of these, 13% of F and 7% of M were still smoking; 52% reported decreased use from baseline. 66% reported no change in @entity285 intake at 3-years while 25% of F and 34% of M reported decreased intake. 60% often chose whole grains and 65% get 2+ servings of vegetables daily. 42% of F and 38% of M "somewhat" believed diet could change the course of their @entity706 . Most pts endorsed no significant change in diet as a result of diagnosis. Those who made changes did so primarily out of concern for "health problems other than @entity5 ". Overweight/ @entity28 responders were 72% pre- and 66% post-treatment. A desire to lose weight was reported by 55% of pts. 14% of F and 23% of M often engaged in regular physical activity (PA). Nearly 50% reported a decrease in PA. Pts with advanced stage (p = 0.006), age > 60 (p = 0.001), ECOG PS > 2 (p = 0.04), and worse prognostic score (p = 0.006) were more likely to report decreased PA since diagnosis. 68% of F and 61% of M intend to become more active in the next months. Regular PA (p = < 0.0001) was associated with higher QOL, while increased @entity285 intake was associated with lower QOL (p = 0.009) at 3 years. CONCLUSIONS: Many survivors of aggressive @entity1893 strive to adopt healthy behaviors and these behaviors are associated with higher QOL. Interventions aimed at emphasizing these behaviors may have potential to improve long-term outcomes and QOL.

title: Health behaviors in survivors of aggressive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['NHL']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity148 are highly prevalent in population of European countries. However, the effect of @entity1092 ( @entity1092 -chrono) on @entity148 ( @entity148 ) has not been studied in a double-blind placebo-controlled design. METHOD: Eighty @entity1 (all @entity1 ) were washout from the all medications. Each @entity1 was randomized to receive either @entity1092 -chrono (40 @entity1 ) for 6 weeks or matched placebo (40 @entity1 ) in a double-blind manner. Eligible @entity1 , in addition to meeting the DSM-IV criteria for @entity148 and having a minimum score of 25 and more on the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, were required to be between 18 and 65 years. Response was defined as a 50% reduction in the Hamilton anxiety scale score. Response and side effects with @entity1092 -chrono and placebo were compared by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi-square tests. Six @entity1 did not return for at least one subsequent assessment, leaving 74 @entity1 (36 taking @entity1092 -chrono and 38 taking placebo) in the valuables study group. RESULTS: Twenty six of the 36 @entity1092 -chrono-treated @entity1 responded by 6 weeks, versus six of the 38 placebo-treated @entity1 (p<0.001). The most common and problematic side effect in the @entity1092 -chrono group was @entity1296 and @entity390 . CONCLUSIONS: The authors believe this to be the first double-blind placebo-controlled randomization study to test the efficacy of a @entity1092 -chrono in the management of @entity148 . They need to be replicated in a larger study group.

title: @entity1092 ( XXXX -chrono) in the acute treatment of outpatients with @entity148 without psychiatric comorbidity: randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['Valproate', 'depakine']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorders', 'GAD', 'Anxiety disorders', 'generalized anxiety disorder']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['depakine']


abstract: Allergen-induced inhibition of pulmonary surfactant in @entity565 may promote @entity4 and consequently potentiate the severity of the @entity748 response. A randomised, single-blind, cross-over study of an inhaled synthetic phospholipid dry-powder surfactant (Pumactant) was conducted in atopic, @entity748 subjects with previously documented early and late @entity748 responses (EAR and LAR) to an inhaled allergen. This was conducted to evaluate the role of exogenous surfactant administration on EAR and LAR. A total of seven subjects had complete evaluable data and received the full dose of Pumactant. Asthmatic subjects inhaled two separate doses of 400 mg Pumactant prior to an allergen exposure. The first dose was administered 8 h in advance and the second dose 30 min in advance. The dosage occurred through a purpose-built administration device. This was followed by a standard bronchial-provocation test, and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was measured at regular intervals over a 10-h period. Pumactant was well tolerated and, surprisingly, abolished the EAR but not the LAR in all seven subjects. The mean area under the curve between 0-2 h (EAR) following bronchial provocation test was 0.08 for the Pumactant treatment group (PT) and 13.29 for the no treatment (NT) group. The maximum drop in FEV1 for EAR was 4.19% and 23.98% in the PT and the NT group, respectively. The demonstration of inhibition of the early @entity748 response by exogenous surfactant, provides the first evidence that pulmonary surfactant dysfunction may also contribute to the very early @entity748 response to allergen. Exogenous surfactant administration could serve as a useful adjunct in controlling the early allergen-induced symptoms in @entity1 with @entity56 .

title: Inhaled synthetic surfactant abolishes the early allergen-induced response in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['airway oedema']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the use of contrast-enhanced helical computed tomography (HCT) scanning with three-dimensional reconstructions as a possible identifier of crossing vessels in ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction. Endoscopic treatment of @entity4145 has a success rate that approaches 90%. These results drop to 40% in the presence of crossing vessels. Unrecognized crossing vessels can also result in significant @entity548 during endopyelotomy. The presence of crossing vessels is, for many, an indication for open or laparoscopic UPJ repair. Therefore, accurate preoperative imaging is crucial for appropriate treatment planning. METHODS: Our study population consisted of 18 @entity1 evaluated and treated for @entity4145 at the University of Michigan Health System. These @entity1 underwent routine contrast-enhanced preoperative HCT scanning before UPJ repair. A prior history of failed endoscopic treatment, @entity1 preference, and HCT findings of crossing vessels were indications for open or laparoscopic repair. The imaging findings were compared with open findings during laparoscopic or open pyeloplasty. RESULTS: An HCT finding of the presence of crossing vessels was a significant positive predictor, with a value of 100%. The sensitivity in this population was 91% and the specificity was 100%. No difference was noted between the detection of arterial or venous crossing vessels. The positive predictive value was 100%, and the negative predictive value was 88%. CONCLUSIONS: HCT is an accurate predictor of the presence of crossing vessels in @entity4145 . Because crossing vessels may have a profound impact on treatment outcome, HCT can serve as an effective, noninvasive, preoperative screening tool.

title: Helical computed tomography for identification of crossing vessels in XXXX with operative findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4145 :: ('MESH:C537373', 'Disease') :: ['UPJ obstruction']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

answer: @entity4145 :: (MESH:C537373,Disease) :: ['ureteropelvic junction obstruction-comparison']


abstract: Aim of this study is to determine the expression of apoptosis and @entity1364 ( @entity1364 ) in the cardiac conduction system in @entity6884 and @entity204 ( @entity204 ) cases. Postnatal morphogenesis of the conducting tissue is an important part of its normal development. In the atrio-ventricular node (AVN) and His bundle (HB) it consists of @entity204 and replacing in an orderly programmed way. However, its nature and its relation to @entity6884 is not yet fully explained. Apoptosis and @entity1364 were investigated in 8 heart conduction systems of @entity1 dying of @entity6884 and in 3 conduction systems of @entity1 dying of @entity204 as controls. The cardiac conduction system was removed in two blocks: the first included the sino-atrial node (SAN) and the crista terminalis, the second contained the atrio-ventricular node (AVN), His bundle (HB), bifurcation, and bundle branches. In the conduction systems as well as in the common myocardium the @entity1364 Labeling Index ( @entity1364 -LI) was found to be negative in all cases. The apoptotic indices (AI) in @entity6884 and in @entity204 were found to have no statistically significant differences (p>0.05). The SAN, in both groups, showed an AI similar to the one detected in common myocardium. In almost all cases, TUNEL labeling was detected in peripheral region of the AVN, close to the @entity955 . The AI was higher in the AVN, HB and the initial tract of bundle branches than in the common myocardium (p<0.05; Student's t test).

title: Expression of apoptosis and @entity1364 ( XXXX ) in the cardiac conduction system of @entity6884 ( @entity6884 ).

entities_list: @entity1364 :: ('5111', 'Gene') :: ['PCNA', 'Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial myocardium']

entities_list: @entity6884 :: ('MESH:D013398', 'Disease') :: ['SIDS', 'crib death']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'explained death', 'degeneration, cell death']

answer: @entity1364 :: (5111,Gene) :: ['PCNA']


abstract: Synergistic @entity505 catabolite repression of the @entity3881 aconitase (citB) gene by @entity413 and a source of @entity15706 is dependent on DNA sequences located upstream of the gene. Mutations in a dyad symmetry element centered at position -66 and in a repeat of the downstream arm of the dyad symmetry at position -27 cause derepressed citB expression. In this work, a protein able to bind to a DNA fragment containing these elements was purified and identified. This protein, named CcpC (Catabolite control protein C), shares sequence similarity with members of the LysR family of transcriptional regulators. In addition to binding to the citB promoter, CcpC bound to the promoter of the citZ gene, which encodes the cell' @entity9855 @entity1792 synthase and is subject to @entity505 catabolite repression. In a ccpC null mutant, expression of both citB and citZ was derepressed in @entity413 - @entity1160 minimal medium, indicating that CcpC is a negative regulator of citB and citZ gene expression. DNase I footprinting experiments showed that CcpC binds to two sites within the citB promoter region, corresponding to the dyad symmetry and -27 elements. In the presence of @entity1792 , a putative inducer, only the dyad symmetry element was fully protected by CcpC. When the dyad symmetry element was mutated, CcpC was no longer able to bind to either the dyad symmetry or -27 elements. Repression of citB and citZ gene expression during anaerobiosis also proved to be mediated by CcpC.

title: CcpC, a novel regulator of the LysR family required for XXXX repression of the citB gene in @entity3881 .

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity15706 :: ('MESH:C029743', 'Chemical') :: ['2-ketoglutarate']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: Purpose To assess the ability of noninvasive vascular elastography (NIVE) to help characterize @entity1070 and @entity715 organization in a @entity235 model of @entity1028 after @entity439 repair with stent-grafts, in comparison with computed tomography (CT) and pathologic examination findings. Materials and Methods All protocols were approved by the Animal Care Committee in accordance with the guidelines of the Canadian Council of Animal Care. Stent-grafts were implanted in a group of 18 @entity235 with @entity439 created in the abdominal aorta. @entity1070 was created in four @entity439 ; @entity1070 , in 13 @entity439 ; and no @entity1070 , in one @entity439 . Doppler ultrasonography and NIVE examinations were performed at baseline and at 1-week, 1-month, 3-month, and 6-month follow-up. Angiography, CT, and macroscopic tissue examination were performed at sacrifice. Strain values were computed by using the Lagrangian speckle model estimator. @entity1070 , solid organized @entity715 , and fresh @entity715 were identified and segmented by comparing the results of CT and macroscopic tissue examination. Strain values were compared by using the Wilcoxon rank-sum and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results All stent-grafts were successfully deployed, and @entity1070 were clearly depicted in the last follow-up elastography examinations. Maximal axial strains over consecutive heart cycles in @entity1070 , organized @entity715 , and fresh @entity715 areas were 0.78%    0.22, 0.23%    0.02, 0.10%    0.04, respectively. Strain values were significantly different between @entity1070 and organized or fresh @entity715 areas (P < .000) and between organized and fresh @entity715 areas (P < .0002). No correlation was found between strain values and type of @entity1070 , sac pressure, @entity1070 size, and @entity439 size. Conclusion NIVE may be able to help characterize @entity1070 and @entity715 organization, regardless of the size, pressure, and type of @entity1070 . (  ) RSNA, 2015.

title: Endovascular Repair of XXXX : Follow-up with Noninvasive Vascular Elastography in a @entity235 Model.

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['endoleaks', 'Type I endoleak', 'endoleak', 'type II endoleak', 'Areas of endoleak']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm', 'aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Prognostic factors in @entity1 who underwent pulmonary angioplasty remain controversial. Here, we report a case-series study of this surgical procedure based on our 20-year single-center experience. METHODS: Medical records of @entity1 , who underwent a major @entity2 operation with pulmonary artery resection, were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: From 1986 to 2006, 61 (3%) of 2296 @entity1 required pulmonary artery resection to avoid pneumonectomy for @entity2 surgery. We performed 34 circumferential resections and 27 wedge resections accompanied by lobectomy or bilobectomy, and all repairs were performed with end-to-end anastomoses or direct suturing. Patch reconstruction, synthetic/biological prosthesis, and pericardial conduit were not used. Forty-nine @entity1 (80%) underwent concomitant carinoplasty (n = 2) or bronchoplasty (n = 47). After surgery, two @entity1 died (mortality 3.3%) and major complications were noted in 14 @entity1 (morbidity 23.0%). Although seven @entity1 had local recurrences (four intrathoracic and three lymph nodes), no recurrence was observed along the pulmonary artery suture line. With a mean follow-up period of 46.0    40.5 months, overall and disease-free survival rates for all cases were 47.0% and 40.0% at 5 years, and 40.2% and 33.6% at 10 years. According to the nodal status, the 5-years' overall and disease-free survivals were 76.0% and 62.9% for pN0 cases (n = 14), 45.7% and 43.5% for @entity3121 cases (n = 27), and 28.9% and 20.0% for @entity477 + @entity8603 cases (n = 20), respectively (p = 0.014 and 0.036). Multivariate analysis indicated that nodal status was the only prognostic factor on both overall and disease-free survival. CONCLUSIONS: A major anatomical lung operation with pulmonary artery resection is feasible for selected @entity1 with primary @entity2 . Long-term outcomes are significantly influenced by nodal status and are comparable to those of conventional lobectomy. Most operative complications are controllable with acceptable mortality and morbidity rates. The anastomosed site was not placed at risk for local recurrence. These data support pulmonary angioplasty as a valuable option in the treatment of @entity2 .

title: Factors affecting survival after lobectomy with pulmonary artery resection for primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: The Ottawa Knee Rule (OKR) is a clinical decision rule for the ordering of knee radiographs by physicians in @entity1 with blunt @entity3331 . However, in many Emergency Departments, radiographs are also ordered by nurses during triage. This study was designed to compare application of the OKR by triage nurses and physicians. A consecutive sample of all @entity1 presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) of a tertiary care military teaching hospital with blunt @entity3331 that met OKR inclusion criteria were enrolled. Radiographs were ordered on all @entity1 . Nurses and physicians were blinded to each other's examinations. Nurse-physician inter-reviewer reliability was compared using the kappa statistic. Of 172 enrolled subjects, 38 were excluded for incomplete data or multiple entries, leaving 134 study @entity1 . Four @entity174 (3%) were detected. Fair inter-observer reliability was found on four of the five OKR components: patellar tenderness (PT, kappa = 0.31), proximal fibula tenderness (PFT, kappa = 0.31), inability to flex > 90 degrees (FLEX, kappa = 0.24) and inability to walk four steps (WALK, kappa = 0.44). Nurses were more likely to overestimate the presence of individual components (PT 3.5x, @entity15795 6.6x, FLEX 1.9x and WALK 4.8x) and were 3.6 times more likely than Emergency Physicians (EP), overall, to order radiographs, representing a 21% vs. 37% reduced radiography rate, respectively. No @entity174 were missed by physicians or nurses. Triage nurses and EPs in this study had fair agreement in their application of the OKR. Triage nurses greatly overestimated @entity3331 , while maintaining sensitivity, at the expense of specificity and cost savings.

title: Ottawa Knee Rule: a comparison of physician and triage-nurse utilization of a decision rule for XXXX radiography.

entities_list: @entity3331 :: ('MESH:D007718', 'Disease') :: ['knee injuries']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity3331 :: (MESH:D007718,Disease) :: ['knee injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Disease surveillance in @entity1 with @entity150 is important for early diagnosis of progression and @entity3 and for optimised treatment. OBJECTIVE: To develop urine and plasma assays for disease surveillance for @entity1 with @entity2557 and @entity10160 @entity5 mutations. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) assays were developed and @entity5 DNA from two @entity1 cohorts was screened for @entity2557 and @entity10160 hotspot mutations. One cohort included 363 @entity1 with non-muscle-invasive @entity150 (NMIBC). The other cohort included 468 @entity1 with @entity150 undergoing radical cystectomy (Cx). Urine supernatants (NMIBC n=216, Cx n=27) and plasma samples (NMIBC n=39, Cx n=27) from @entity1 harbouring mutations were subsequently screened using ddPCR assays. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Progression-free survival, recurrence-free survival, and overall survival were measured. @entity16043 's exact test, the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and Cox regression analysis were applied. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: In total, 36% of the NMIBC @entity1 (129/363) and 11% of the Cx @entity1 (44/403) harboured at least one @entity2557 or @entity10160 mutation. Screening of DNA from serial urine supernatants from the NMIBC cohort revealed that high levels of @entity5 DNA (tDNA) were associated with later disease progression in NMIBC (p=0.003). Furthermore, high levels of tDNA in plasma samples were associated with recurrence in the Cx cohort (p=0.016). A positive correlation between tDNA levels in urine and plasma was observed (correlation coefficient 0.6). The retrospective study design and low volumes of plasma available for analysis were limitations of the study. CONCLUSIONS: Increased levels of @entity2557 and @entity10160 mutated DNA in urine and plasma are indicative of later progression and @entity3 in @entity150 . @entity1 SUMMARY: Urine and plasma from @entity1 with @entity150 may be monitored for diagnosis of progression and @entity3 using mutation assays.

title: Liquid Biopsy Analysis of @entity2557 and @entity10160 Hotspot Mutations for Disease Surveillance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['Bladder Cancer']


abstract: It is the position of the American Dietetic Association (ADA) that access to adequate amounts of safe, nutritious, and culturally appropriate food at all times is a fundamental @entity1 right. Hunger continues to be a worldwide problem of staggering proportions. The Association supports programs and encourages practices that combat hunger and @entity3147 , produce food security, promote self-sufficiency, and are environmentally and economically sustainable. The Association is aware that hunger exists in a world of plenty and that poverty, gender inequity, ethnocentrism, racism, and the lack of political will are key constraints to solving the problems of global hunger and @entity3147 . Recognizing that simplistic approaches are inadequate, the ADA identifies sustainable development as the long-term strategy to ending world hunger and achieving food security. Sustainable development requires political, economic, and social changes that include empowering the disenfranchised, widening access to assets and other resources, narrowing the gap between rich and poor, and adjusting consumption patterns so as to foster good stewardship of nature. Additionally, because the health status of future generations is related to the well-being of their mothers, achieving food security will also require increased access for @entity1 to education, adequate health care and sanitation, and economic opportunities. This position paper reviews the complex issues of global food insecurity and discusses long-term solutions for achieving world food security. Achieving the end of world hunger has been and is now within our grasp. There is sufficient food to feed everyone, and solutions can be realized now that will benefit all of humanity. As noted in the paper, most @entity1 who examine the costs of ending versus not ending world hunger are bewildered by the question of why humanity did not solve the problem a long time ago. The Association supports programs and encourages practices that combat hunger and @entity3147 , produce food security, promote self-sufficiency, respect local cultures, and are environmentally and economically sustainable. The ADA recognizes that decisions and actions that dietetics professionals make as practitioners and consumers can help reduce the extent of poverty and hunger both here and abroad. This paper provides information, resources, and strategies to assist dietetics professionals in improving the public's understanding of key issues, becoming advocates of the poor, and influencing the political will to end world hunger.

title: Position of the American Dietetic Association: Addressing world hunger, XXXX , and food insecurity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people', 'women']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['malnutrition']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background @entity7905 are usually seen as minute low-density lesions and this may be attributed to relatively low sensitivity on visual assessment using computed tomography (CT). @entity7905 can be detected by using the accurate region of interest (ROI) setting, while small ROI settings by less-experienced radiologists may result in false negative findings. Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic ability of our proposed method (" @entity8719 -weighted" imaging [OWI]), which is based on reversing the density, compared with conventional CT (CCT) imaging alone. Material and Methods Temporal bone CTs of consecutive @entity1 with @entity8719 were analyzed. Gender- and age-matched control @entity1 were also included. All CT images were obtained using a 64-detector row scanner. OWI was obtained by extracting the temporal bone region using the threshold technique and reversing the density (black to white). Four independent radiologists took part in two reading sessions. In the first session, the observers read only CCT imaging. In the second session, they read OWI along with the CCT imaging. Sensitivity was assessed for the four readers. Results Thirty temporal bones of 25 @entity1 with @entity8719 (3 @entity1 , 22 @entity1 ; mean age, 53.9        9.0 years) and 30 temporal bones of 30 control @entity1 (4 @entity1 , 26 @entity1 ; mean age, 44.0        16.2 years) were included. For all observers, reading with a combination of the two methods was associated with a higher sensitivity (63.3-80.0%) than with conventional CT images alone (30.0-60.0%; P   <   0.05, each). Conclusion Application of our proposed method based on threshold value may help detect foci of @entity8719 .

title: Additive value of " XXXX -weighted" images for the CT diagnosis of @entity8719 .

entities_list: @entity8719 :: ('MESH:D010040', 'Disease') :: ['otosclerosis', 'fenestral otosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity7905 :: ('MESH:C565785', 'Disease') :: ['Otosclerotic foci']

answer: @entity8719 :: (MESH:D010040,Disease) :: ['otosclerosis']


abstract: @entity6081 is the most frequent complication of surgical treatment. The occurrence of @entity281 depends on many factors, but the most important is bacterial contamination of wound according to the site of operation. The aim of this study was to establish wound @entity281 rate and to determine the relationship between site of operation, wound contamination and the other surgery related factors and @entity6081 risk. The material was 1527 surgically treated @entity1 in the 3rd Surgical Department of the Collegium Medicum of the Jagiellonian University during one year. From the study population were excluded 66 @entity1 with wounds of the head and 7 @entity1 who died within three days after surgery without wound @entity281 signs. The healing of each wound was observed during the @entity1 's hospitalisation and 30 days after discharge from hospital, and in orthopedic @entity1 6 months after discharge. The total number of 132 infected wounds was identified. The population of 1352 wounds healed without any complications was a control group. Data were recorded in a Wound Infection Register Card and were collected in the computer database. The data were statistically analysed. Relations between single factor and @entity6081 were evaluated using chi2 statistics and in the small group Fisher's exact probability test. Odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were computed for all variables. The overall wound @entity281 rate was 8.9%. The significant factors (p < 0.05) were @entity344 , reoperation, intraoperative X-ray examination, haematoma of the wound after operation, skeletal traction prior to surgery and implantation of prosthetic material in clean wounds. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Wound contamination, site of operation (GI tract), open drainage, reoperation, intraoperative X-ray examination and postoperative haematoma of the wound are statistically significant risk factors which influence @entity6081 rate. 2. @entity86 of wound is the most important local risk factor of wound @entity281 after surgery.

title: [ XXXX . II. Risk factors related to surgery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6081 :: ('MESH:D013530', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative wound infection', 'postoperative wound infection']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal operation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative haematoma']

answer: @entity6081 :: (MESH:D013530,Disease) :: ['Postoperative wound infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We investigated homecare @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity195 ; n = 36) or @entity1294 ( @entity1294 ; n = 36) and their care-providing relatives regarding clinical and psychosocial variables to determine whether @entity195 and @entity1294 impose different burdens on caregivers. METHOD: All @entity1 were diagnosed according to ICD-10 criteria. The diagnoses were confirmed by internal medical, clinical-neurological, and @entity146 parameters. The severity of the @entity303 was graded according to the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS). Caregiving relatives responded to the Behavioral Pathology in @entity195 Rating Scale (BAD), the Blessed @entity303 Scale (BDS), and the Screen for Caregiver Burden (SCB). RESULTS: Analyses revealed that caregivers' burden (SCB), disease symptoms and personality changes of @entity1 (BAD), and the @entity1 ' inability to cope with everyday tasks (BDS) were sharply higher for @entity195 than for @entity1294 @entity1 in the group with severe @entity303 . Concerning @entity1 with mild or moderately severe disease, scores in the @entity195 group were similar or lower than those in the @entity1294 group. CONCLUSION: In early stages, @entity1294 @entity1 impose a greater burden on relatives than do @entity1 with @entity195 . In severe stages this relationship undergoes a reversal, with relatives of @entity195 @entity1 experiencing the burden more adversely than those of @entity1294 @entity1 . The differences in the onset and course characteristics, as well as the specific differences between these two types of @entity303 with respect to caregiver burden factors, call for their diagnostic separation and the development of specific homecare support systems for family caregivers.

title: XXXX versus @entity195 : do they have differential effects on caregivers' burden?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementias', 'dementia', 'Dementia']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dementia', 'VD']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['DAT', "Alzheimer's Disease", "dementia of Alzheimer's type"]

answer: @entity1294 :: (MESH:D015140,Disease) :: ['Vascular dementia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Partial tetrasomy is mainly described as a cytogenetically visible rearrangement due to a supernumerary chromosome (i(12p), i(18p), @entity30946 dup(15)). Except for chromosome 15q11q13, intrachromosomal triplications are rare and so far not associated with a recognisable phenotype. METHODS AND RESULTS: This report describes two unrelated @entity1 with a de novo non-recurrent submicroscopic interstitial triplication 11q24.1 detected with array comparative genomic hybridisation and confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridisation, molecular combing, and quantitative PCR. Microsatellite analysis suggested that a common mechanism of rearrangement might have been involved. These @entity1 share remarkably similar clinical features including distinctive @entity154 , @entity851 with small extremities, @entity9042 , overweight, and @entity717 . The overlapping region of 1.8 Mb contains 11 RefSeq genes and three microRNA related genes. Interestingly, the overexpression of @entity48948 , a gene encoding an adipocyte specific adhesion molecule, may contribute to @entity1 ' @entity28 . Upregulation of BILD, known to mediate apoptosis in a caspase dependent manner, could deserve further investigation into the pathological mechanism of @entity9042 . CONCLUSION: Isolated duplications of distal 11q region have been previously reported and associated with @entity717 but without a consistent set of clinical features. These findings support the proposal that microtriplication 11q24.1 is a well recognisable clinical entity.

title: Microtriplication of 11q24.1: a highly recognisable phenotype with @entity851 , distinctive facial features, XXXX , overweight, and @entity717 .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['facial dysmorphisms']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity9042 :: ('MESH:D007640', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconus']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disability']

answer: @entity9042 :: (MESH:D007640,Disease) :: ['keratoconus']


abstract: In @entity694 , endothelial cell selectins can promote @entity5 cell attachment via interactions with sialylated Lewis antigens present at the surface of @entity5 cells, thereby facilitating @entity5 cell arrest and transmigration into the extravascular space. However, it is not known whether Lewis antigens interact with @entity694 cells and modify their migration. Our aim was to detect the presence of binding sites on @entity1 @entity5 cells for Lewis(a/x) antigens and their sialylated derivatives in vitro and in vivo and to analyze their influence on migration of @entity694 cells. The immunocytochemical and histochemical levels of expression of the four Lewis antigens were quantitatively determined in four @entity1 @entity694 cell lines and in in vivo @entity19 xenografts. The levels of expression of specific binding sites for these sugar epitopes were determined by synthetic neoglycoconjugates. The influence of binding of these @entity1735 ligands on @entity5 cell migration was quantitatively evaluated by computer-assisted phase-contrast videomicroscopy performed on Matrigel culture supports either left uncoated or coated with neoglycoconjugate presenting synthetic Lewis(a), sialyl Lewis(a), Lewis(x), or sialyl Lewis(x) antigens. The influence of the @entity460 concentration in the culture medium on the Lewis antigen-mediated effects was checked. @entity1 @entity694 cells expressed significant amounts of specific binding sites detected by the synthetic probes in addition to the oligosaccharide epitopes. The expression levels differed considerably between the four cell lines and between in vitro and in vivo specimens. Cell migration analysis revealed that the four Lewis antigens markedly decreased the levels of migration of the HCT-15 and LoVo @entity5 cells. This effect depends on the @entity460 concentration in the culture medium. Binding sites for @entity1832 are present on @entity694 cells. The functional relevance of these sites is indicated by the negative influence on cell migration of a matrix containing the oligosaccharides as ligand parts.

title: Binding sites for Lewis antigens are expressed by @entity1 XXXX cells and negatively affect their migration.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1832 :: ('MESH:D020961', 'Disease') :: ['Lewis epitopes']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon tumor', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To report the feasibility of performing robotic single-port surgery including pelvic lymphadenectomy in @entity1204 . DESIGN: Canadian Task Force III SETTING: A 49 year-old, multiparous @entity1 diagnosed with well differentiated, FIGO stage I, @entity4348 . The @entity1 underwent a robotic single-port peritoneal washing, total hysterectomy, bilateral adnexectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. The procedure was performed using the da Vinci Si Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA) through a single 2.5cm umbilical incision. We used the 5 lumen port for single site instruments, 3-dimensional @entity2033 8.5mm endoscope, 5mm accessory port and insufflation channel. Monopolar cautery and bipolar Maryland dissector were used for lymphadenectomy. Vaginal cuff closure was performed using needle driver and Maryland dissector with V-lock suture. Near the end of the surgery, 5mm assistant port was changed with 10mm-sized port. Then dissected lymph node in endobag and a needle used in vaginal cuff closure were removed through 10mm port. INTERVENTION: Total hysterectomy, bilateral adnexectomy with both pelvic lymphadenectomy were performed using robotic single-site platform. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Total operative time was 206 minutes. Total vaginal cuff closure time was 22 minutes and both lymphadenectomy have taken 48 minutes. Estimated @entity190 was 100 ml, no intra-operative and post-operative complications occurred. Total number of excised lymph-node was 11. CONCLUSION: Robotic single-port pelvic lymphadenectomy is feasible. Further studies should be performed to assess the benefits of this procedure.

title: Robotic Single-Port hysterectomy, adnexectomy and lymphadenectomy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['Endometrial Cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECTIVE @entity5576 ( @entity5576 ) may cause @entity1939 due to @entity428 ( @entity428 ). @entity50 has been identified in select @entity1 , leading to stenting as a potential treatment, but its effects on global @entity428 have not been completely defined. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the effects of @entity50 stenting on @entity428 in a small group of @entity1 with @entity5576 . METHODS Ten @entity1 for whom medical therapy had failed were prospectively followed. Ophthalmological examinations were assessed, and @entity1 with @entity50 on MR angiography proceeded to catheter angiography, venography with assessment of pressure gradient, and @entity428 monitoring. @entity1 with @entity428 measurements and an elevated pressure gradient across the @entity850 were treated with stent placement. RESULTS All @entity1 had elevated venous pressure (mean 39.5    14.9 mm Hg), an elevated gradient across the @entity50 (30.0    13.2 mm Hg), and @entity428 (42.2    15.9 mm Hg). Following stent placement, all @entity1 had resolution of the @entity850 and gradient (1    1 mm Hg). The @entity428 values showed an immediate decrease (to a mean of 17.0    8.3 mm Hg), and further decreased overnight (to a mean of 8    4.2 mm Hg). All @entity1 had subjective and objective improvement, and all but one improved during follow-up (median 23.4 months; range 15.7-31.6 months). Two @entity1 developed stent-adjacent @entity850 ; retreatment abolished the @entity850 and gradient in both cases. @entity1 presenting with @entity1829 had resolution on follow-up funduscopic imaging and optical coherence tomography (OCT) and improvement on visual field testing. @entity1 presenting with @entity1952 had optic nerve thinning on follow-up OCT, but improved visual fields. CONCLUSIONS For selected @entity1 with @entity5576 and @entity50 with an elevated pressure gradient and @entity428 , @entity50 stenting results in resolution of the venous pressure gradient, @entity551 , and functional, neurological, and ophthalmological improvement. As @entity1 are at risk for stent-adjacent @entity850 , further follow-up is necessary to determine long-term outcomes and gain an understanding of @entity50 as a primary or secondary pathological process behind @entity428 .

title: @entity50 stenting for reduction of XXXX in @entity5576 : a prospective pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1952 :: ('MESH:D009896', 'Disease') :: ['optic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['elevated intracranial pressure', 'ICP', 'elevated ICP']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papilledema']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in ICP']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['venous sinus', 'Venous sinus stenosis', 'venous sinus stenosis']

entities_list: @entity5576 :: ('MESH:D011559', 'Disease') :: ['Idiopathic intracranial hypertension', 'IIH']

answer: @entity428 :: (MESH:D019586,Disease) :: ['intracranial pressure']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity842 (NO) modulates inflammatory reactions, having beneficial or toxic effects depending on the concentration. Its elevation can cause proinflammatory effects amplifying the inflammatory process with the participation of cytokines. Smoking has a negative impact on health and is considered one of the risk factors that influence disease development facilitating inflammatory processes. AIM: To compare the serum concentration of NO and cytokines in smokers at baseline and after 4months of abstinence treatment. METHODS: Blood samples which were collected to obtain the serum, at baseline and after 4months, were stored at -80  C until analysis. NO was measured by the total dose of @entity3542 determined by the Greiss method. CBA was the used technique to determine the concentration of cytokines in supernatants serum. The initial and final results of NO, @entity310 , @entity1192 , @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity688 and IL-12 that remained after 4months treatment were compared. Wilcoxon test was used to compare the data and Spearman test for correlations between NO and other variables. A significance level of p<0.05 was adopted. RESULTS: The analysis of NO observed a significant reduction (p=0.001) of the initial median value of 18.80 (3.55-80.01)  mol/L to 8.10 (2.85-14.97)  mol/L after 4months of treatment. There were no significant differences in cytokines from baseline to the end of treatment. CONCLUSION: The results may not mean harm to the body, but an adaptive process, decreasing the metabolism of abstinents due to the reduction of the use of @entity1239 .

title: Serum levels of XXXX and cytokines in smokers at the beginning and after 4months of treatment for smoking cessation.

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity18489 has been found to be dramatically reduced in a genetic @entity19 @entity726 model following exposure to sublethal, head-only irradiation. In this study, the same radiation treatment was used prior to experimental induction of @entity2790 (IOP) to determine if radiation is neuroprotective in another @entity726 model. METHODS: Episcleral vein injection of hypertonic saline was used to elevate IOP unilaterally in two groups of @entity35 : (1) otherwise untreated and (2) radiation pretreated, n > 25/group. Intraocular pressure histories were collected for 5 weeks, when @entity1781 were prepared and graded for injury. Statistical analyses were used to compare IOP history and @entity128 . The density of microglia and macrophages in two nerve head regions was determined by @entity16339 immunolabeling. RESULTS: Mean and peak IOP elevations were not different between the two @entity726 model groups. Mean @entity18489 grades were not different in @entity726 model @entity1781 and were equivalent to approximately 35% of axons degenerating. Nerves selected for lower mean or peak IOP elevations did not differ in @entity18489 . Similarly, nerves selected for lower injury grade did not differ in IOP exposure. By multiple regression modeling, @entity128 grade was most significantly associated with mean IOP (P < 0.002). There was no significant effect of radiation treatment. @entity16339 + cell density was not altered by radiation treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to previous observations in a @entity19 @entity74 model, head-only irradiation offers the adult @entity35 optic nerve no protection from @entity528 due to chronic, experimentally induced IOP elevation.

title: Radiation pretreatment does not protect the XXXX optic nerve from @entity2790 -induced injury.

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity18489 :: ('MESH:D020221', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve injury', 'Optic nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['elevated intraocular pressure']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerves']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve degeneration']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare lumbar paraspinal, gluteus maximus, and biceps femoris muscle function during sagittal trunk flexion and extension in @entity1 with @entity1643 and healthy control subjects, and to assess the influence of rehabilitation in the @entity615 @entity1 . DESIGN: A cross-sectional study comparing @entity1643 @entity1 and healthy controls, and a prospective follow-up in @entity615 @entity1 during rehabilitation. SETTING: Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinic. SUBJECTS: Nineteen @entity1 with @entity1643 , and 19 @entity1 without @entity158 (controls). INTERVENTION: Five-week active outpatient rehabilitation (1 hour three times a week) guided by a physiotherapist, followed by 5-week self-motivated exercise at home. OUTCOME MEASURES: Subjects performed sagittal trunk flexion and extension while surface electromyogram was bilaterally recorded of paraspinal (L1-L2 level), gluteus maximus, and biceps femoris muscles. The muscle activity was assessed from the average electromyogram and the relative muscle activation onsets and their duration were calculated. RESULTS: During early flexion, lumbar paraspinal and biceps femoris were activated simultaneously before gluteus maximus. At the end of flexion and during extension all investigated muscles were activated and relaxed in order. Lumbar paraspinal and biceps femoris muscles were activated in a similar order in @entity1643 @entity1 and healthy controls during flexion and extension. However, the duration of gluteus maximus activity was shorter in the @entity615 @entity1 than in controls during the trunk flexion (p<.05), and it ended earlier during extension. Active rehabilitation did not change the muscle activities of lumbar paraspinal and biceps femoris in the @entity615 @entity1 , but in the measurements after rehabilitation the onset of gluteus maximus activity occurred later in flexion and earlier in extension. CONCLUSIONS: The activity of the gluteus maximus muscle during the flexion-extension cycle was reduced in @entity1 with @entity1643 . The gluteal muscles should be taken into consideration in the rehabilitation of these @entity1 .

title: Back and hip extensor activities during trunk flexion/extension: effects of XXXX and rehabilitation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain', 'low back pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for guided biopsy or microsurgical resection of @entity1504 is gaining broader acceptance. It is not known whether intraoperative MRI has the potential to detect @entity548 of these surgical procedures, because scientific research has so far focussed on the signal characteristics of less acute clots. It is the objective of this experimental study to investigate whether MRI can visualise intracerebral blood within minutes after its occurrence. METHODS: In 26 @entity1707 , a frontal @entity1410 was produced by injecting autologous blood. Twenty @entity1707 underwent MRI 30 minutes after injection, and 6 @entity1707 within the first 10 minutes. MRI scans were performed on a 1.5T system. T1-weighted @entity9468 ( @entity9468 ), T2-weighted @entity9468 ( @entity9468 ), T2-weighted fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), and T2-weighted gradient echo (GE) images were acquired. Depending on the differences of the signal intensities of the @entity1410 and the surrounding brain, the detectability of the @entity1410 was rated as good, fair, or poor. RESULTS: None of the induced @entity1410 were rated to be clearly visible on T1-weighted sequences. Six of the 26 @entity1410 (23%) were easily detectable on FLAIR sequences, 18 @entity1410 (69%) on T2-weighted @entity9468 sequences, and 23 @entity1410 (88%) on the T2-weighted GE sequences. CONCLUSION: Extravasated blood can be identified with a high reliability within minutes after its occurrence on MRI provided that T2-weighted GE sequences are used for imaging. In conclusion, intraoperative MRI is not only of value for guidance of neurosurgical procedures, but also for immediate detection of @entity548 .

title: The role of intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging for the detection of XXXX during surgery for intracerebral lesions an experimental approach.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic complications']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial lesions']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity9468 :: ('MESH:D014717', 'Disease') :: ['SE', 'turbo spin echo', 'spin echo', 'TSE']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic complications']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A novel commercial training mask purportedly allows for combined respiratory muscle training and altitude exposure during exercise. We examined the mask's ability to deliver on this claim. Ten males completed three bouts of treadmill exercise at a matched workload(60%VO2peak) in a controlled laboratory environment. During exercise the mask was worn in two manufacturer-defined settings [9000ft(9k) and 15,000ft(15k)] and a Sham configuration(   3500ft). Ventilation(VE), tidal volume(VT), respiratory rate(RR), expired @entity26 (FEO2) and @entity544 (FECO2), peripheral @entity26 saturation(SPO2), heart rate(HR), and RPE were measured each minute during exercise and subjects completed the Beck Anxiety Inventory(BAI) immediately following. The mask caused a reduction in VE of    20L/min in both the 9k and 15k configurations(p<0.001). This was due to a reduction in RR of    10 bpm, but not VT, which was elevated by    250ml(p<0.001). FEO2 was reduced and FECO2 was elevated above Sham in both 9k and 15k(p<0.001). @entity4962 was not different across conditions(p=0.210) butVCO2 trended lower at 9k(p=0.093) and was reduced at 15k(p=0.016). VE/VO2 was 18.3% lower than Sham at 9k and 19.2% lower at 15k. VE/VCO2 was 16.2% lower than Sham at 9k and 18.8% lower at 15k(all p<0.001). HR increased with exercise(p<0.001) but was not different between conditions(p=0.285). SPO2 averaged 94% in Sham, 91% at 9k, and 89% at 15k(p<0.001). RPE and BAI were also higher in 9k and 15k(p<0.010) but there was no difference between mask conditions. The training mask caused inadequate hyperventilation that led to arterial @entity519 and psychological discomfort, but the magnitude of these responses were small and they did not vary across mask configurations.

title: 'Functional' respiratory muscle training during endurance exercise causes modest XXXX but overall is well tolerated.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxemia']


abstract: Look, no ortho substituents! A series of polycycles were prepared by using a three-component Joulli  -Ugi reaction. The rate of rotation about the bond between a highly hindered bridgehead and a @entity15060 ring with no ortho substituents was measured, and was highly dependent on the substitution. Rotamer half-lives of up to 21 h at 298 K were observed (see figure). Rotamers resulting from this @entity717 were isolated for the first time.A series of polycycles was prepared by using a three-component Joulli  -Ugi reaction. The rate of rotation about the bond between a highly hindered bridgehead and a @entity15060 ring with no ortho substituents was measured by using, in general, variable-temperature HPLC. The rate of rotation was highly dependent on substitution and rotamer half-lives of up to 21 h at 298 K were observed. Insights into the effect of substitution on the rate of rotation were gleaned through electronic structure calculations on closely related derivatives. Rotamers resulting from @entity717 about a bond between an sp(3)-hybridised @entity505 atom and a @entity15060 ring with no ortho substituents were isolated for the first time, and the equilibration of the separated rotamers was followed by using analytical HPLC. It was demonstrated, for the first time, that a highly hindered environment for the sp(3)-hybridised atom is sufficient for @entity717 about a single bond between sp(3)- and sp(2)-hybridised @entity505 atoms.

title: Remarkably XXXX about a single bond between an sp(3)-hybridised @entity505 atom and an aromatic ring without ortho substituents.

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['restricted rotation', 'slow bond rotation']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['slow rotation']


abstract: The multiple indicator dilution (MID) technique is often used for investigation of the kinetic behavior of substrates and metabolites in eliminating organs. The present study was a systematic comparison of the utility of the @entity3628 ( @entity3628 ) (a structural model) and the mixed-boundary @entity1480 ( @entity1480 ) (a stochastic model) in the interpretation of influx, efflux, and removal (sequestration) coefficients, with data generated from @entity35 liver-perfusion/MID studies. Although the @entity3628 and the @entity1480 are equivalent in their descriptions of membrane transport, they differ in their classifications of the dispersion of blood-borne elements. For the @entity1480 , the dispersion is an inverse Gaussian distribution of vascular transit times; for the @entity3628 , it is accounted for by the dispersion observed among noneliminated reference indicators (e.g. labeled red blood cells, albumin, @entity969 , and @entity2507 ) or the derived reference. In this study, previously published @entity35 liver-perfusion/MID data obtained for the @entity2041 conjugate of @entity8600 and @entity35620 , compounds that exhibit saturable carrier-mediated transport, with the @entity3628 were reanalyzed with the two-compartment @entity1480 . When the fitted values for volume and transfer coefficients were compared, good correlation was found between the fitted vascular volume for the @entity1480 and the vascular volume for the reference indicator for the @entity3628 . The influx coefficients were generally similar between the models, but improved correspondence was observed when the @entity1480 was modified to include the large-vessel transit time. In contrast, the efflux and sequestration coefficients obtained for the @entity1480 did not correspond well to those from the @entity3628 . The disagreement was due, in part, to differences in the interpretation of the late-in-time component of the reference transit time distribution curve, which was not described well by the @entity1480 . Consequently, the residence time distribution and the relative dispersion were underestimated by the @entity1480 .

title: Hepatic clearance models: comparison of the dispersion and Goresky models in outflow profiles from multiple indicator dilution XXXX liver studies.

entities_list: @entity35620 :: ('MESH:C030514', 'Chemical') :: ['hippuric acid']

entities_list: @entity8600 :: ('MESH:D013448', 'Chemical') :: ['bromosulfophthalein']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity3628 :: ('MESH:D004195', 'Disease') :: ['Goresky model', 'GM']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity1480 :: ('MESH:C563184', 'Disease') :: ['dispersion model', 'DM']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a new double fixation technique for displaced @entity174 using bioabsorbable cannulated lag screws and braided polyester suture tension bands. METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 (mean age of 46.2 years) with displaced transverse or comminuted @entity174 were enrolled in this prospective study. All of the @entity1 were treated via the open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) procedure using bioabsorbable cannulated lag screws and braided @entity2635 suture tension bands. The @entity1 were followed post-surgery to evaluate (1) the time required for radiographic bone union, (2) the knee joint range of motion at the time of radiographic bone union, (3) the degree of @entity158 assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS), (4) the function of the knee using the Lysholm score and (5) the presence of any additional complications from the surgery. RESULTS: All of the @entity1 were followed post-treatment for more than 1 year (range, 12-19 months; mean post-treatment follow up time, 14 months). The bone union of the @entity174 as seen radiographically occurred approximately 3 months from surgery in all cases without implant failure or redisplacement of the fractured site. The mean knee joint range of motion was from 0 to 134.6  , and the mean VAS score was 0.7 at the time of bone union. The mean Lysholm scores at the time of bone union and 12 months post-surgery were 86.7 and 95.7, respectively. No @entity260 , such as @entity281 , dislocation or breakage of the implants, were observed. Moreover, all of the @entity1 returned to their previous activity level. CONCLUSION: This new double fixation technique using bioabsorbable cannulated lag screws and braided polyester suture tension bands resulted in satisfactory outcomes for @entity174 without any obvious complications.

title: Double fixation of displaced XXXX using bioabsorbable cannulated lag screws and braided polyester suture tension bands.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'patellar fractures', 'patella fractures']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2635 :: ('CHEBI:60160', 'Chemical') :: ['polyester']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['patella fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Guidelines generally recommend oral anticoagulation to be considered the first 3   months after mitral valve repair based on small studies and consensus. However, in several studies no benefit of anticoagulation has been found. METHODS: From the national registries we identified all Danish @entity1 who underwent mitral valve repair during the period between 1997 and 2012. Medication, hospitalisation and mortality data were studied. The association of use of @entity2067 antagonists (VKAs) at discharge and risk of @entity64 / @entity204 was evaluated by means of @entity797 regression, landmark analyses and propensity matched models. RESULTS: 2188 @entity1 without prior VKA use, @entity64 or @entity204 day 7 after discharge were included and median follow-up was 4.9   years (0-13.7). 859 (39%) were discharged on VKAs and 523 (24%) experienced @entity204 or @entity64 , 60 of these occurred within the first 3   months and 24 between 3 and 6   months. Compared with @entity1 without post-discharge VKA, @entity1 on VKA had a lower risk of @entity204 / @entity64 at 3   months (HR=0.28, CI (0.13 to 0.62), p=0.002) and in the time period from 3 to 6   months (HR=0.85, CI (0.35 to 2.07), p=0.72). Risk of significant @entity548 complications within 3   months were comparable in the two groups with 23 (2%) among @entity1 without VKA and 6 (1%) among VKA-treated. CONCLUSION: VKA treatment after mitral valve repair is associated with a markedly lower risk of adverse events as @entity64 or @entity204 without excess major @entity548 risk during the first 3   months following surgery.

title: Risk of XXXX and @entity64 associated with anticoagulation therapy after mitral valve repair.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vertebral artery compression by cervical osteophyte is a rare cause of vertebrobasilar @entity385 . This mechanism of @entity64 has been reported as the Bow @entity5684 defined by @entity9085 because of mechanical stenosis of the vertebral artery at the cervical level triggered by head movement. The most common treatment is surgical decompression. However, in most cases, a dominant vertebral artery is involved, and its dynamic extrinsic compression is demonstrated on angiography. CASE REPORT: We report a @entity1 with recurrent posterior circulation @entity1188 because of the compression of a nondominant vertebral artery by a cervical osteophyte. The dynamic angiography did not show any worsening of the @entity9085 by head movements but an irregularity of the vertebral artery with regard to the osteophyte compression, suggesting a direct artery wall injury. We concluded to an embolic mechanism through @entity715 formation from the artery wall injury at the stenosed site. Because neither surgical decompression nor stenting was deemed to be a relevant treatment option, endovascular coil embolization of the compressed vertebral artery was performed after a clamping test to check the efficiency of the collateral circulation. The procedure was a success. During the 12-month follow-up, the @entity1 did not have any recurrent @entity64 . CONCLUSIONS: In case of recurrent symptomatic extrinsic compression of a nondominant vertebral artery, endovascular embolization after a clamping test may be considered.

title: Endovascular Embolization of a Nondominant Vertebral Artery Compressed by an Osteophyte to Prevent Recurrence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9085 :: ('MESH:D014715', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral stenosis', 'vertebrobasilar insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity5684 :: ('MESH:D016532', 'Disease') :: ['Hunter syndrome']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['Vertebrobasilar Infarctions']