abstract: Contrast enhanced helical computed tomography (CT) of the liver and portal system is routinely performed in @entity1 @entity1 . The purpose of this project is to develop a practical protocol for helical CT portography in the @entity235 . Ten clinically normal @entity235 were initially evaluated to develop a protocol. Using this protocol, ten @entity235 with confirmed @entity5273 ( @entity5273 ) were then evaluated. Each @entity1 was anesthetized, and a test dose of @entity10817 (400 mg I/ml) at 0.55 ml/kg was injected. Serial images were acquired at the level of T12-13 or T13-L1. The time to maximum enhancement of the portal vein was determined. This time period was used as the period between the second injection (2.2 ml/kg) and the start of the helical examination of the cranial abdomen. Delay times for normal @entity235 ranged from 34.5 s-66.0 s (median: 43.5 s) or 1.41 s/kg-4.12 s/kg (median: 2.09 s/kg). For @entity1 with a @entity5273 , the delay times were 16.5-70.5 s (median: 34.5 s) or 1.47-19.17 s/kg (median: 3.39 s/kg). The aorta, caudal vena cava, portal vein, shunt vessels, and their respective branches were well visualized on the CT images. Clinical case results were surgically confirmed. The surgeons reported that the information gained from the CT portography resulted in a subjective decrease in surgical time and degree of dissection necessary compared with similar surgeries performed without angiographic information. We believe that helical CT portography in the @entity235 will be a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of @entity5273 . The use of helical CT portography may allow clinicians to give clients a more accurate prognosis prior to surgery and will allow @entity1 with lesions that are not surgically correctable to avoid a costly and invasive procedure.

title: Helical computed tomographic portography in ten normal XXXX and ten @entity235 with a portosystemic shunt.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5273 :: ('MESH:C562830', 'Disease') :: ['PSS', 'portosystemic shunts']

entities_list: @entity10817 :: ('MESH:D007483', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium iothalamate']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Considerable attention has been given to the screening and optimization of treatment of @entity1 with type 2- @entity6 in the period 2000-2005. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the prevalence of @entity1 with type 2- @entity6 and the quality of @entity6 care provided in the period 2000 to 2005. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using a previously evaluated method, all @entity1 with type 2- @entity6 were identified and described on the basis of register data in what was then the County of Aarhus. RESULTS: A total of 11,436 @entity1 with type 2- @entity6 were identified in the age group 40-70 years, corresponding to a prevalence of 4.61%. In 2005 58% were in antidiabetic pharmacological treatment, 68% of whom received oral antidiabetic treatment, 15% were on insulin alone and 16% received a combination treatment including insulin and oral treatment. Furthermore, a total of 50% of the included @entity1 were on lipid-lowering treatment of whom 99% were in statin-therapy. One or more measurements of HbA1c were taken in 87% of the @entity1 in 2001 compared with 81% in 2005 (p < 0.000). A total of 60% had an @entity4051 c < 8 in 2001 compared with 67% in 2005 (p < 0.000). In 2001 72% had a @entity165 measurement compared with 77% in 2005 (p < 0.000). A total of 23% had a @entity165 value < 4.5. mmol/l in 2001 compared with 42% in 2005 (p < 0.000). CONCLUSION: During a period of five years the prevalence of @entity1 with type 2- @entity6 increased. In the same period, improvement was seen in the quality indicators of HbA1c and @entity165 level. There is, however, still room for improvement.

title: [Quality indicators of type 2- XXXX monitoring during 2000-2005].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Four maternal-effect sterile genes, @entity67938 , @entity69535 , @entity50024 , and @entity69536 , are essential for germline development in @entity2199 . Homozygous mes progeny from heterozygous mothers are themselves fertile but produce sterile progeny with underproliferated and degenerated germlines. All four mes genes encode chromatin-associated proteins, two of which resemble known regulators of gene expression. To identify additional components in the MES pathway, we used RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) to test candidate genes for enhancement of the Mes mutant phenotype. Enhancement in this assay was induction of sterility a generation earlier, in the otherwise fertile homozygous progeny of heterozygous mothers, which previous results had suggested represent a sensitized genetic background. We tested seven genes predicted to encode regulators of chromatin organization for RNAi-induced enhancement of @entity69535 sterility and identified one enhancer, called @entity69537 after the SET domain encoded by the gene. Depletion of @entity69537 also enhances the sterile phenotype of @entity50024 but not of @entity67938 or @entity69536 . @entity69537 encodes two alternatively spliced transcripts, @entity69537 (l) and @entity69537 (s), both of which are enriched in the germline of adults. In the adult germline, @entity69537 (L) protein is localized in mitotic and mid-late-stage meiotic nuclei but is undetectable in early pachytene nuclei. @entity69537 (L) protein is localized in all nuclei of embryos. The localization of @entity69537 (L) does not depend on any of the four MES proteins, and none of the MES proteins depend on @entity69537 for their normal localization. Our results suggest that @entity69537 participates along with the MES proteins in promoting normal germline development.

title: Depletion of a novel SET-domain protein enhances the sterility of @entity69535 and @entity50024 mutants of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['Caenorhabditis elegans']

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['Caenorhabditis elegans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mortality rate of @entity1 with @entity1344 due to severe @entity174 is reported to be 40-60  % despite a multidisciplinary treatment approach. Angioembolization and external fixation of the pelvis are the main procedures used to control @entity548 in these @entity1 . Several studies have shown that @entity530 ( @entity530 ) is effective for @entity548 control, despite being small and observational in nature. The purpose of this study was to describe a Korean @entity130 center's early experience with @entity530 in unstable @entity1 with @entity174 and to evaluate its effectiveness. METHODS: Between January 2012 and May 2015, 30 @entity1 with @entity1344 caused by @entity174 were enrolled in this study. @entity530 has been performed in 14 @entity1 since May 2014. Data of @entity174 @entity1 with @entity1344 were selected from Wonju Severance Christian Hospital Pelvic @entity130 Database and were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Mean age and mean ISS were 60.4        18.8  years and 39.2        8.1 in 30 unstable @entity1 with @entity174 . Mean @entity13519 was 89.1        24.7  mmHg, and mean hemoglobin was 10.6        2.3  g/dL. When the non- @entity530 group (16 @entity1 ) and the @entity530 group (14 @entity1 ) were compared, there was no significant difference in the age, gender, ISS, and occurrence of associated injury (p   =   0.82, p   =   0.23, p   =   0.92, and p   =   0.60, respectively). Mortality rate due to acute @entity548 were 37.5  % in the non- @entity530 group and 14.3  % in the @entity530 group. In the @entity530 group, three @entity1 underwent @entity530 in the hybrid operating room, and a laparotomy was performed in three @entity1 . Mean systolic blood pressure increased significantly after @entity530 (71.6        9.8 vs. 132.2        36.4  mmHg, p   =   0.002). CONCLUSIONS: In unstable @entity1 with @entity174 , @entity530 can be used as an effective treatment, complementary to AE, to control @entity548 .

title: Preperitoneal pelvic packing in @entity1 with @entity1344 due to severe @entity174 : early experience in a Korean XXXX center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'pelvic bleeding']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic fracture', 'pelvic fractures']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['PPP', 'preperitoneal pelvic packing']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: Transplantation of neural stem/progenitor cells has been proposed as a novel approach for the replacement and repair of damaged CNS tissues. We have evaluated the influence of the host cellular microenvironment upon the survival, differentiation, and integration of neural progenitor cells transplanted into the CNS. Using this approach, we have investigated the fate of neural progenitor cells in vivo following transplantation into the developing @entity1 eye. @entity19 brain progenitor cells (mBPCs) isolated from neonatal @entity19 expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgene were transplanted into the eyes of Brazilian opossums ( @entity14085 ). @entity14085 pups are born in an extremely immature, fetal-like state. The eyes of neonatal pups provide a fetal-like environment in which to study cellular interactions between host tissues and transplanted neural progenitor cells. mBPCs were transplanted by intraocular injection in hosts ranging in age from 5 days postnatal to adult. The transplanted cells were easily identified because of their GFP fluorescence. Extensive survival, differentiation, and morphological integration of mBPCs within the host tissue was observed. We found that the younger retinas provided a more supportive environment for the morphological integration of the transplanted mBPCs. Cells with morphologies characteristic of specific retinal cell types were observed. Moreover, some transplanted mBPCs were labeled with antibodies characteristic of specific neural/retinal phenotypes. These results suggest that the host environment strongly influences progenitor cell differentiation and that transplantation of neural progenitor cells may be a useful approach aimed at treating degeneration and pathology of the CNS.

title: Differentiation and morphological integration of neural progenitor cells transplanted into the developing XXXX eye.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity14085 :: ('13616', 'Species') :: ['Monodelphis', 'Monodelphis domestica']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: The main aim of this work was to describe the relationship between diet, and hair and breath isotopic composition. From one Fijian rural village, hair and breath samples were procured from 20 @entity1 . Physical anthropometrics were made, and hair @entity7352 / @entity41202 and @entity13140 / @entity38947 and breath @entity7352 / @entity41202 were measured. Individual diet diaries were kept for two of the four preceding weeks, and isotopic compositions of items which accounted for most of the diet were measured. Individual average diets were analysed for macronutrient and energy content and conform to reasonable nutritional expectation. Characteristics of the diet are described in terms of protein and energy, their patterning with respect to different clusters of food items and their relationship to individuals' anthropometry. Breath @entity515 is depleted in @entity7352 by 1-2 per thousand on average with respect to the total diet. Hair was enriched on average by 4.1 per thousand in @entity1568 and 4.5 per thousand in @entity505 with respect to the total diet. There was insufficient population variation in hair isotopic composition to establish individual hair-diet isotopic differences. The definite relationship that we establish in this work, between dietary and tissue isotopic values for a @entity1 community, provides a basis for determining and validating dietary regimes more generally within non-industrial, non-global-'supermarket' economies.

title: Correspondence between XXXX diet, body composition and stable isotopic composition of hair and breath in Fijian villagers.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: In the present review, the main objective was to describe the epidemiology and clinical features of ciguatera fish poisoning in Hong Kong. From 1989 to 2008, the annual incidence of ciguatera varied between 3.3 and 64.9 (median 10.2) per million @entity1 . The groupers have replaced the snappers as the most important cause of ciguatera. Pacific-ciguatoxins ( @entity3525 ) are most commonly present in reef fish samples implicated in ciguatera outbreaks. In affected subjects, the @entity344 often subside within days, whereas the neurological symptoms can persist for weeks or even months. @entity1168 and @entity551 , which can be life-threatening, are common. Treatment of ciguatera is primarily supportive and symptomatic. Intravenous @entity2656 (1 g/kg) has also been suggested. To prevent ciguatera outbreaks, the public should be educated to avoid eating large coral reef fishes, especially the @entity3525 -rich parts. A Code of Practice on Import and Sale of Live Marine Fish for @entity1 Consumption for Prevention and Control of @entity36303 was introduced from 2004 to 2013. The Food Safety Ordinance with a tracing mechanism came into full effect in February 2012. The Government would be able to trace the sources of the fishes more effectively and take prompt action when dealing with ciguatera incidents.

title: Epidemiology and Clinical Features of XXXX in Hong Kong.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity36303 :: ('MESH:D036841', 'Disease') :: ['Ciguatera Fish Poisoning']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['Bradycardia']

answer: @entity36303 :: (MESH:D036841,Disease) :: ['Ciguatera Fish Poisoning']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recently, in advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), standard chemotherapy was flanked by biological agents directed against genomic abnormalities, including @entity470 and @entity7041 alterations, that significantly improved @entity1 outcome. Despite these achievements, @entity5 progression almost always occurs and a reassessment of the @entity5 genetic profile may contribute to modulating the therapeutic regimen. Resampling may provide tissue for additional tests to detect acquired resistance and/or new genetic alterations, but the currently available information is limited. @entity1 AND METHODS: Histological and genetic reassessments of biopsy or surgical tissue samples from 50 non-squamous @entity1149 @entity1 before and after at least one systemic treatment were performed. @entity470 , @entity984 , @entity817 , @entity10160 and @entity1722 mutations were sequenced, @entity9513 was identified with real-time PCR, and @entity7041 and MET genomic alterations by fluorescence in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Overall in baseline biopsies, 37/50 (74  %) @entity5 had genetic alterations, either single (52  %) or multiple (22  %). Among them, 16 were @entity470 mutations and 6 @entity7041 rearrangements. In the second tissue sampling, 54  % of cases had additional genomic changes, including newly acquired alterations (81  %) or losses (18  %). The commonest changes were MET amplification and @entity9513 mutation. One case had a histological shift from @entity4153 . CONCLUSIONS: The remarkable number of molecular changes following systemic therapy and the genetic complexity of some cases underline the value of histological and molecular re-evaluation of @entity2 to tailor the most appropriate therapy during disease progression.

title: Molecular and Histological Changes in Post-Treatment Biopsies of Non-Squamous XXXX : A Retrospective Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma to small cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer']


abstract: AIM: To compare the therapeutic efficacy of fluoroscopy-guided radiofrequency ablation (F-RFA) and ultrasound-guided RFA (US-RFA) in treatment of @entity157 ( @entity157 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2006 and January 2012, 93 @entity1 with small HCCs underwent percutaneous RFA. In 42 @entity1 with 46 HCCs invisible on US, F-RFA was performed following intra-arterial iodised oil injection (group A). The remaining 51 @entity1 with 58 HCCs received US-RFA (group B). Technical effectiveness, complications, @entity5 progression, and @entity1 survival were retrospectively compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Technical effectiveness was achieved in 45 HCCs of group A (97.8%) and 64 HCCs of group B (96.6%; p=0.65). There was no major complication in either group. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year @entity5 progression rates were lower in group A than those of group B with marginal significance (0%, 3.7% and 3.7% in group A, and 13%, 13%, and 13% in group B; p=0.05). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year @entity1 survival rates were 100%, 58.3%, and 51.2% (group A), and 82.4%, 54.9%, and 46.1% (group B; p=0.26). CONCLUSIONS: F-RFA is a feasible and safe treatment for small @entity157 invisible on US. Its therapeutic efficacy was comparable with that of US-RFA.

title: Fluoroscopy-guided radiofrequency ablation for XXXX : a retrospective comparison with ultrasound-guided ablation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'small hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['local tumour']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['small hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: Vaccines which are efficacious against @entity6192 , such as the @entity1 vaccine, @entity6192 Vaccine Absorbed ( @entity9012 ), contain the protective antigen (PA) component of the @entity6192 toxins as the major protective immunogen. Although @entity9012 protects against inhalational @entity6192 , the immune responses to and role in protection of PA and possibly other antigens have yet to be fully elucidated. Sera from animals immunized with a toxin-producing, unencapsulated live vaccine strain of @entity6192 have been reported to have anti-spore activities associated with the antitoxin humoral response. The authors performed studies to determine whether anti-PA antibody (Ab)-containing preparations stimulated spore uptake by phagocytes and suppressed the germination of spores in vitro. @entity9012 - and PA-immune sera from several species enhanced the phagocytosis by @entity19 peritoneal macrophages of spores of the virulent Ames and the Sterne vaccine strains. Antitoxin Abs appeared to contribute significantly, although not solely, to the enhanced uptake. Rabbit antisera to PA purified from either Sterne or a PA-producing pX01-cured recombinant, affinity-purified anti-PA IgG, and monkey antisera to @entity9012 were used to assess the role of anti-PA ABS: Rabbit anti-PA Abs promoted the uptake of spores of the PA-producing strains Sterne, Ames and RP42, a mutant of Sterne producing only PA, but not of the pX01-Sterne-1 strain, Ames strain, or RP4, a mutant of Sterne with deletions in the loci encoding PA and the @entity4 factor (EF) toxin component and producing only the lethal factor toxin component. Rabbit anti-PA and monkey anti- @entity9012 Abs also significantly inhibited spore germination in vitro compared to preimmune serum or medium. Spore-associated proteins recognized by anti-PA Abs were detected by electron microscopy and confirmed by immunoblotting of spore coat extracts. Thus, the anti-PA Ab-specific immunity induced by @entity9012 has anti-spore activity and might have a role in impeding the early stages of infection with @entity6192 spores.

title: The role of antibodies to @entity6192 and @entity6192 toxin components in inhibiting the early stages of infection by XXXX spores.

entities_list: @entity6192 :: ('1392', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus anthracis', 'anthrax', 'B. anthracis', 'Anthrax']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

answer: @entity6192 :: (1392,Species) :: ['anthrax']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is interest in different treatment strategies, including deintensification in good prognosis @entity1082 -positive (HPV(+)) @entity957 (SCC). We reviewed our experience with weekly @entity900 in low-risk, locoregionally advanced HPV(+) oropharyngeal SCC since late 2009. METHODS: Data from @entity1 with low-risk HPV(+) oropharyngeal SCC treated with weekly @entity900 (40 mg/m(2) ) and 70 Gy radiotherapy were collected. Low risk was defined as stage III to IV oropharyngeal SCC excluding T1-2N1, T4 or N3 disease, or N2b to N2c disease in @entity1 with >10 pack-year smoking history. RESULTS: Of 31 @entity1 , the median age was 56 years (range, 41-69 years). All @entity1 completed 70 Gy radiotherapy within 51 days and 84% completed at least 5 cycles of @entity900 . Grade 3 @entity33 occurred in 22 @entity1 (71%) and grade 3 @entity1398 in 6 @entity1 (19%). No @entity1 required enteral feeding at 12 months. The median follow-up was 30 months (range, 21-57 months) with no recurrences or @entity204 . CONCLUSION: Concurrent weekly @entity900 is relatively well-tolerated and associated with excellent disease control in low-risk, locoregionally advanced HPV(+) oropharyngeal SCC.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1117-E1121, 2016.

title: Weekly XXXX and radiotherapy for low risk, locoregionally advanced @entity1082 -positive @entity957 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Investigated the effects of @entity898 (NAC) on endoplasmic reticulum stress of sertoli cells induced by @entity3163 ( @entity7034 ). METHODS: @entity35 sertoli cells were exposed to various concentration of (0, 6, 12, 24   g/ml) @entity3163 with or without 2 mmol/L NAC for 24 hours. The cell viability was evaluated using @entity3460 exclusion test. Intracellular reactive @entity26 species (ROS) was measured using the fluorescent probe @entity21184 . Western blot was used to test the expression of @entity21205 , PERK and @entity21206 . RESULTS: It was found that treatment with NAC (2 mmol/L) restored the reduced cell viability and excessive oxidative stress (P < 0.01). Moreover, @entity1388 exposure upregulated the expression of @entity21205 , PERK and @entity21206 protein (P <0. 01 ). NAC was also found to suppress the levels of @entity21205 , PERK and @entity21206 expression in @entity7034 -treated cells (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling pathways were activated by ROS, and NAC attenuate endoplasmic reticulum stress through inhibiting the levels of ROS in @entity7034 -treated sertoli cells.

title: [Effects. of XXXX on @entity1388 -induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in sertoli cells].

entities_list: @entity3163 :: ('MESH:D012969', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium fluoride']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity898 :: (MESH:D000111,Chemical) :: ['N-acetylcysteine']


abstract: The steatotic liver is characterized by deranged intrahepatic microvasculature that is believed to predispose it to @entity63 -reperfusion injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the distorted hepatic hemodynamics and its impact on the redox status of the steatotic liver. Hepatic hemodynamic parameters, hepatic microcirculatory perfusion (HMP), and in vivo reduced @entity1110 [ @entity1110 ] autofluorescence, which reflects the mitochondrial redox status and tissue @entity26 levels, were measured in @entity28 (n = 7) and lean Zucker @entity35 (n = 7). Portal @entity99 per unit of liver weight were found to exhibit a 37.9% and 35.9% reduction, respectively, in the steatotic liver compared to the nonsteatotic liver of the lean group (P < 0.0001) as was HMP ( @entity28 , 96.1 +/- 18.1 PU; lean, 143.8 +/- 12.0 PU, P < 0.05) that showed a 33.2% decrease in the former. Hepatic arterial resistance, however, was 38.7% lower in the @entity28 @entity35 (83.1 +/- 9.1 mmHg. ml(-1). min) than in the lean @entity35 (135.5 +/- 15.8 mmHg. ml(-1). min) (P < 0.05). @entity1110 fluorescence intensity was significantly elevated in the steatotic liver (0.16 +/- 0.001 aU) compared with the lean one (0.14 +/- 0.007 aU) (P = 0.014). Our results suggest that, in response to a reduced portal venous blood flow, there is a significant decrease in hepatic arterial resistance that, nevertheless, cannot completely compensate for the drop in overall hepatic perfusion and oxygenation of the microvascular bed in the steatotic liver of the @entity28 Zucker @entity35 .

title: Increased XXXX fluorescence with decreased blood flow in the steatotic liver of the obese Zucker @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1110 :: ('MESH:D009249', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate)', 'NAD(P)H']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['venous and total hepatic blood flow']

answer: @entity1110 :: (MESH:D009249,Chemical) :: ['NAD(P)H']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: After the failure of first-line treatment, the clinical prognosis in @entity135 ( @entity213 ) deteriorates. Effective therapeutic strategies are limited due to the @entity137 of previous treatments and the diminished tolerance of surrounding normal tissue. This study demonstrates a promising second-line regimen, with function preserving surgical @entity5 debulking, followed by a combination of postoperative interstitial brachytherapy and a simultaneous protocol of cetuximab and @entity1311 . @entity1 AND METHODS: From January 2006 to May 2013, 197 @entity1 with @entity213 were treated with brachytherapy at the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus L  beck, including 94 @entity1 due to recurrent @entity5 . Within these, 18 @entity1 were referred to our clinic because of early @entity74 following first- or second-line treatment failure. They received the new palliative regimen. A matched-pair analysis including recurrent @entity5 stage, status of resection margins, tissue invasion and previous therapy was performed to evaluate this treatment retrospectively. @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), disease-free survival (DFS), functional outcome and treatment @entity137 was analyzed on the basis of medical records and follow-up data. RESULTS: DFS and @entity1349 of the study group were 8.7 and 14.8  months. Whereas, DFS and @entity1349 of the control group, treated only by function preserving @entity5 debulking and brachytherapy, was 3.9 and 6.1  months respectively. This demonstrates a positive trend through the additional use of the cetuximab- @entity3907 protocol. Furthermore, no increase of therapy induced @entity137 was displayed. CONCLUSION: Pre-treated @entity1 with a further relapse benefit from the 'cetuximab- @entity3907 recurrency scheme'. It seems to be a valuable complement to @entity5 therapy, which improves @entity1349 and results in acceptable @entity137 .

title: Second-line treatment of recurrent @entity213 : @entity5 debulking in combination with high-dose-rate brachytherapy and a simultaneous cetuximab- XXXX protocol.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'interdisciplinary and multimodal tumor']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Overall survival']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8721 are superficial cutaneous vessels that can result in noticeable aesthetical imperfections. This study presents a technique for the @entity8721 using hand cautery. METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 with @entity8721 were treated using hand cautery (Medicell Inc, Athens, Greece) during 2009-2013. Photo documentation was performed for each @entity1 before and immediately after treatment. Treatment was performed by cauterization at 800  C, delivered via a 30G tip directly to the lesions for milliseconds. RESULTS: Twenty two out of 25 @entity1 (88%) exhibited complete resolution of @entity8721 using hand cautery. In 5 (20%) @entity1 , single application achieved complete resolution of lesions and in 10 @entity1 (40%) re-treatment was required after 3 weeks. Four @entity1 (16%) required 3 consecutive treatments from which 2 @entity1 (8%) showed slight improvement and one @entity1 (4%) no improvement. No major complications were associated with this procedure except the formation of a white scar in two @entity1 that became inconspicuous after 3 months. Minor complications included skin irritation and @entity4 immediately after the treatment, which resolved within 2-3 days without intervention. CONCLUSION: Hand cautery is a very safe, effective and inexpensive tool for the treatment of @entity8721 . It is simple, cheap, and requires minimal training, although it is limited to the treatment of more superficial and small lesions. We believe that this technique is suitable for office based setting. The advantage of using inexpensive and portable instruments will also be beneficial in developing counties where access to more expensive equipment is limited. Results are satisfactory but more @entity1 are needed to validate the technique.

title: Management of XXXX with Hand Cautery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['removal of facial telangiectasias', 'telangiectasias', 'Facial telangiectasias', 'facial telangiectasias']

answer: @entity8721 :: (MESH:D013684,Disease) :: ['Facial Telangiectasias']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the phenotype and age-related penetrance of @entity725 ( @entity725 ) in Australian families with the @entity29714 mutation @entity69518 . METHOD AND DESIGN: Cross-sectional genetic study. Four unrelated pedigrees carrying the @entity69518 mutation were ascertained from more than 2000 consecutive cases of @entity725 in the @entity726 Inheritance Study in Tasmania and from families with @entity726 referred to the study from throughout Australia. Index cases and available family members were examined for signs of @entity726 , and the presence of the @entity29714 @entity69518 mutation was ascertained by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and subsequent direct sequencing. RESULTS: From the 4 pedigrees carrying the @entity69518 mutation, 23 individuals with either @entity2790 ( @entity2790 ) or @entity725 were found, with a mean +/- SD age at diagnosis of 41.2 +/- 11.5 years, and a mean peak intraocular pressure of 31.7 +/- 9.9 mm Hg. A further 9 mutation carriers older than 18 years were studied who as yet showed no signs of @entity2790 or @entity725 (6 of these 9 were younger than 30 years). A single individual with @entity725 was identified who did not carry the @entity69518 mutation. For @entity69518 carriers, age-related penetrance for @entity2790 or @entity725 was 88% at age 30 years. A positive family history of @entity725 was present for 3 of the 4 index cases. Thirteen (57%) of the 23 @entity69518 carriers with @entity2790 or @entity725 had undergone @entity726 drainage surgery. Although the @entity726 in these families appears to be pressure dependent, 2 individuals showed optic disc cupping before detected elevation in intraocular pressure. One family was of British origin, with a different background haplotype from the other 3 families from Greece or Macedonia, who shared a common haplotype. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity29714 @entity69518 mutation is associated with @entity725 that, in the pedigrees studied, had a younger age at onset and higher peak intraocular pressure than in pedigrees with the more common @entity30607 mutation. In addition, @entity1 with @entity726 with the @entity69518 mutation were more likely to have undergone @entity726 drainage surgery.

title: @entity726 phenotype in pedigrees with the XXXX @entity69518 mutation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['primary open-angle glaucoma', 'POAG']

entities_list: @entity30607 :: ('p|SUB|Q|368|X', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Gln368STOP']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Glaucoma', 'glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['OHT', 'ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity69518 :: ('p|SUB|T|377|M', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Thr377Met']

answer: @entity29714 :: (4653,Gene) :: ['myocilin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The influence of seasons on @entity1316 is controversial. OBJECTIVE: To examine monthly variations in admissions for @entity162 and @entity308 including variations with sex and age and correlations with frequencies of suicides. METHODS: All admissions for @entity162 or @entity308 (N=4341) in a population of 1,800,000 with 35,285 admissions in the years 1992-1996 were analysed. All 14,503 suicides in Norway the years 1969-1996 were also analysed. RESULTS: Admissions for @entity308 had a significant monthly variation for @entity1 (chi(2)=29.78, df=11, P<0.005) with the highest peak in November and for @entity1 (chi(2)=19.69, df=11, P<0.05) with the highest peak in April. Among @entity1 increasing age correlated negatively with the range of monthly observed/expected ratios (r(s)=-0.943, N=6, P<0.01) and with a of maximal monthly observed/expected ratio (r(s)=-0.943, N=6, P<0.01). Among @entity1 suicides correlated with admissions for @entity308 (r=0.647, N=12, P<0.05) and @entity162 (r=0.678, N=12, P<0.05). LIMITATIONS: The time of admission to hospital are not identical to onset of affective episode. The study was done retrospectively. No sociocultural or physical environmental data were investigated. CONCLUSION: A hypothesis of an influence of seasons on @entity1316 is supported. Younger @entity1 seem to be especially vulnerable.

title: Seasonal variation in suicides and in admissions to hospital for XXXX and @entity308 .

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressions']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['mania']


abstract: That @entity27 is an independent risk factor for the development of @entity101 was established in the 1970s, and recent works on large samples have confirmed this fact. Investigations of the mechanisms that may lead to the development of @entity101 with @entity387 will allow not only confirmation of the relationship but also creation of better treatment. There is a multigenic basis of blood pressure regulation, and genetic factors play a role in the development of @entity387 . Genes that may have little role in the physiologic variation of blood pressure may be more important in the manifestation of pathology. And one hypothesis is that genes involved in the development of a morphotype may also have a role in the development of @entity101 . Furthermore, @entity387 may be associated with abnormal sympathetic discharge during sleep, as shown by microneurography. This mechanism may explain how a @entity25 leads to @entity101 , but impairment of vascular endothelial controls may also be involved. Investigation of vascular endothelial vasodilation as demonstrated by forearm plethysmography or the dorsal hand vein technique indicates that impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilation during wake is associated with @entity387 . This endothelium-dependent vasodilation appears to be more frequently impaired than the endothelium-independent vasodilation, and the former impairment can be reversed by nasal continuous positive airway pressure. These findings are supportive fo the role of @entity387 in the development of @entity101 in @entity1 .

title: @entity25 breathing and XXXX : past lessons, future directions.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep-disordered breathing']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorder']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: @entity0 is the most common @entity5 as well as the main cause of @entity5 -related @entity204 among @entity1 , experiencing a 0.5% increase in incidence per year. The disease results from a series of mutations in the DNA development and repair genes. Approximately 50% of @entity1 @entity189 present mutations in the @entity876 gene. Polymorphisms of @entity876 include codon 72 containing either @entity369 (CGC) or @entity1521 (CCC). Such polymorphisms may be involved in the susceptibility and predisposition to @entity5 , presenting a widely variable ethnic and geographic distribution. The @entity369 homozygous genotype seems to be a significant risk factor for @entity0 . The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of the @entity7820 polymorphism of the @entity876 gene in @entity1 with @entity0 from southern Brazil, where this type of @entity5 has a high incidence, as well as its association with @entity0 and clinicopathological characteristics. Seventy-six @entity1 suffering from @entity0 and 80 controls were analyzed, and samples were evaluated by PCR followed by restriction enzyme digestion. No statistical differences in terms of the genotype frequency (P=0.707) or the @entity369 and @entity1521 allele frequencies (P=0.469) involving codon 72 were found in @entity1 compared to controls. Thus, statistical analysis did not suggest any association between the @entity7820 polymorphism of the @entity876 gene and invasive @entity513 in the population studied. Additionally, no significant association with the clinicopathological characteristics presented by the @entity0 @entity1 was found.

title: Analysis of the @entity7820 polymorphism of the XXXX gene in @entity1 with invasive ductal breast carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7820 :: ('p|SUB|R|72|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['R72P']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'invasive ductal breast cancer', 'breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['TP53']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: High levels of @entity32 locally in the graft during the initial days after transplantation can cause primary non-function (PNF) of grafted xenogeneic islets in @entity9719 @entity19 . The aim of this study was to explore in a model of spontaneous @entity6 , the @entity9719 @entity19 , the potential of anti-inflammatory agents in the prevention of PNF after xenogeneic islet transplantation. METHODS: Spontaneously @entity6 @entity9719 @entity19 were transplanted with 300 @entity35 islets. Animals were treated with @entity117 ( @entity1281 ), @entity13586 , TGF-beta or @entity18995 ( @entity18995 ). Intra-graft expression of @entity32 -related molecules was measured by real time PCR 8 h post-transplantation. At the same time point, plasma @entity3542 levels were measured. RESULTS: Xenogeneic islets transplanted in control spontaneously @entity6 @entity19 resulted in PNF in 16 out of 38 @entity19 (42%). Initial graft loss was not altered by administration of @entity13586 (30%) or TGF-beta (25%). @entity1281 reduced the rate of rapid graft loss to 8% ( p<0.05 vs controls) and administration of @entity18995 even totally prevented PNF (0%, p<0.05 vs controls). Furthermore, all therapies prolonged the mean survival time of xenogeneic islet grafts. The inhibition of PNF by @entity1281 was associated with decreased intra-islet levels of @entity32 -related molecules (IL-1, @entity637 , @entity13633 , @entity10178 ) and chemokines ( @entity8929 and @entity13948 ). Finally, also a diminished production of systemic @entity3542 levels was observed in @entity1281 - and @entity18995 -treated islet recipients. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: These data show that treatment with @entity1281 or @entity18995 prevents PNF after islet transplantation in spontaneously @entity6 @entity9719 @entity19 . Moreover, the involvement of non-specific @entity32 is recognized in xenogeneic islet PNF in spontaneously @entity6 @entity9719 @entity19 .

title: Prevention of primary non-function of islet xenografts in autoimmune XXXX @entity9719 mice by anti-inflammatory agents.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity13586 :: ('MESH:C116926', 'Chemical') :: ['rofecoxib']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity886 ( @entity886 ) and minimally invasive aortic valve replacement (mini-thoracotomy, mini-sternotomy, MIAVR) have become an appealing alternative to conventional surgical (SAVR) treatment of severe @entity472 ( @entity472 ) in high-risk @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: Evaluate long-term result and complications after procedure in @entity1 with diagnosed @entity472 and treated with transfemoral @entity886 , SAVR, mini-thoracotomy and mini-sternotomy. @entity1 AND METHODS: 173 @entity1 with symptomatic @entity472 was enrolled in 2011-2013. Propensity scores were calculated for @entity886 vs each surgical method, compared separately. Differences in clinical outcomes between @entity886 @entity1 compared with surgical methods were adjusted for propensity score using logistic regression analysis and presented as adjusted OR with 95%CI. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 583.5 (IQR:298-736) days. Before AVR no significant differences in ejection fraction (EF) were observed between groups. Mean value of EF was significantly higher one week after @entity886 in comparison with other groups ( @entity886 :50.2%(  13.1%); minithoracotomy: 44.1%(  13.4%); ministernotomy: 37.8%(   12.8%); SAVR: 40.3%(   12.5%); P=0.001). There were no differences in the longest available follow-up mortality between analyzed groups (P=0.8). To our best knowledge, this is the first study comparing mini-thoracotomy, mini-sternotomy and SAVR with @entity886 in terms of clinical results such as the longest available follow-up mortality, function of LV, complications after procedure and both conduction disturbances and @entity943 after procedure. Conculsions: @entity886 @entity1 have beneficial long-term outcome in comparison with minithoracotomy, ministernotomy and SAVR. No differences were found in term of the longest available follow-up mortality between analyzed groups. @entity886 seems to have favourable impact on function of LV and increase EF in comparison with other methods.

title: Clinical outcomes in XXXX after surgical and transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['TAVI', 'Transcatheter aortic valve implantation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 35 Background: To characterize the effect of a prostate-rectum spacer on dose to rectum during external beam radiotherapy for @entity263 , and to assess for factors correlated with rectal dose reduction. METHODS: Fifty-two @entity1 at 4 institutions were enrolled onto a prospective pilot clinical trial. @entity1 underwent baseline scans, then were injected with perirectal spacing hydrogel and re-scanned. IMRT plans were created on both scans for comparison. Objectives were to establish rates of creation of >= 7.5mm of prostate-rectal separation, and decrease in rectal V70 of >= 25%. Multiple regression analysis was performed to evaluate associations between pre- vs. post-injection changes in rectal V70 and changes in plan conformity, rectal volume, bladder volume, bladder V70, @entity343 volume, as well as post-injection mid-gland separation, gel volume, gel thickness, length of @entity343 /gel contact, or gel left-to-right symmetry. RESULTS: Hydrogel resulted in > 7.5mm prostate-rectal separation in 95.8% of @entity1 ; 95.7% had decreased rectal V70 of > 25%, with mean reduction of 8.0 Gy. There were no significant differences in pre- and post-injection prostate, @entity343 , rectal, and bladder volumes. Plan conformities were significantly different pre- vs. post-injection (P = 0.02). In multiple regression analysis, change in plan conformity was negatively associated with reduction in V70 (P=0.01); plans with worse conformity indexes post-injection compared to pre-injection (n=13) still had improvements in rectal V70. Reductions in V70 did not significantly vary by institution, despite significant inter-institutional variations in plan conformity. There were no significant relationships between reduction in V70 and the other characteristics analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: Injection of hydrogel into prostate-rectal interface resulted in dose reductions to rectum for > 90% of @entity1 treated. Rectal sparing was statistically significant across a range of 10-75 Gy, and was demonstrated within the presence of significant inter-institutional variability in plan conformity, target definitions, and injection results.

title: A multi-institutional clinical trial of rectal dose reduction via injected polyethylene-glycol hydrogel during IMRT for XXXX : Analysis of dosimetric outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Daylight PDT (dPDT) is easy to use and does not require light equipment. Such therapy has been exhaustively proved to be successful in the treatment of @entity2517 , but its use in skin photodamage remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate dPDT's efficacy in skin facial photodamage. @entity1 AND METHODS: This was a parallel-group double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial. Sixty @entity1 with symmetric facial photodamage were allocated to topical @entity16326 ( @entity7671 ) and daylight vs. matching placebo and daylight. Primary outcome was global photodamage improvement/failure 1 month after the third session. Secondary outcomes included: @entity158 evaluation; specific photodamage severity scores; sun irradiance quantification and Skindex-29 scores. Adverse events were also investigated. RESULTS: Primary analysis included all randomized @entity1 . All @entity1 sun-exposed for 120min in 3 sessions. The risk of failure was lower in the @entity7671 -dPDT group than in the placebo plus daylight group (RR: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.08-0.41). Mean solar irradiance (W/m(2)) during the first, second and third sessions was 480.82, 430.07 and 435.84, respectively. Items 5 and 14 of Skindex-29 in the @entity7671 -dPDT group showed statistical significant differences. Two @entity1 in the @entity7671 -dPDT group had serious and non-serious events not directly related to the product. CONCLUSION: dPDT with @entity7671 was un-painful, effective and safe for the treatment of facial photodamage. Herpes simplex prophylaxis should be considered before sessions.

title: A double-blind randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy of daylight photodynamic therapy with XXXX vs. Placebo and daylight in @entity1 with facial photodamage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2517 :: ('MESH:D055623', 'Disease') :: ['actinic keratosis']

entities_list: @entity16326 :: ('CHEBI:724125', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl aminolevulinate']

answer: @entity16326 :: (CHEBI:724125,Chemical) :: ['methyl-aminolevulinate']


abstract: Rejection of transplants is frequently caused by activation of alloreactive T cells that recognize HLA/peptide differences between @entity1 and graft. This T-cell response can be directed towards the HLA molecule, the HLA-bound peptide or towards a combination. More insight in the involvement of peptides in this process may help to find ways to avoid rejection using for example antagonist peptides. In recent years many naturally processed HLA-bound peptides have been identified. This raises the question of whether these, presumably abundant, peptides are involved in class II-specific allorecognition. To investigate this, we first determined the proportion of peptide-specific alloreactive T cells in the alloresponse against HLA- @entity4106 . For this purpose we have tested a panel of @entity4106 -specific alloreactive T-cell clones against a @entity3918 -mutant (i.e. peptide loading deficient) cell line. We found that 59 out of 64 alloreactive T-cell clones were dependent upon the presence of @entity3918 for an optimal response. However, only 2 @entity3918 -dependent T-cell clones recognize known peptide sequences. Thus we conclude that most @entity4106 -specific alloreactive T-cell clones are peptide specific and that the currently known @entity4106 -bound peptides are not the main target for allorecognition. Finally, we identified 4 T-cell clones that recognized the @entity3918 -mutant better than the wild-type cell line. The response against the wild-type cell line could not be restored with invariant chain derived peptides (CLIP). This provides additional evidence that @entity3918 can negatively select self-peptides other than CLIP, which can result in selection against peptides involved in allorecognition.

title: The majority of HLA- XXXX alloreactive T cells is peptide specific, but does not recognize known @entity4106 -bound sequences.

answer: @entity4106 :: (8718,Gene) :: ['DR3']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We undertook this study to characterize those @entity1 who required reoperations for @entity1645 and to determine whether modifications in surgical technique at the initial procedure might have obviated the need for repeat surgery. METHODS: We reviewed the hospital records, imaging studies, operative reports, and follow-up data of those @entity1 who were undergoing a second operation as part of a consecutive series of Chiari decompressions carried out by one neurosurgeon over a 14-year period. We wished to determine whether type of @entity1645 , age at initial surgery, the presence of associated @entity154 , or initial operative technique contributed to the need for reoperation. RESULTS: Twenty-two (17%) of the surgical procedures represented reoperations (16 of 100 Chiari I and 6 of 33 @entity1645 ). Of the @entity1 in the series who were operated on at age 5 years or younger, 7 (16%) were reoperations (5 of 33 Chiari I and 2 of 10 @entity1645 ); 15 @entity1 (17%) of those older than 5 years at surgery were reoperations (11 of 67 Chiari I and 4 of 23 @entity1645 ). 8 of the 16 @entity1 who underwent reoperations for @entity1645 and 4 of the 6 @entity1 who underwent reoperations for @entity1645 had their initial decompression surgery at age 5 years or younger. Reoperation was required because of failure to treat adequately an associated syrinx (n=11), because of persisting @entity16 or @entity10 (n=9), or because of a possible faulty fourth ventricular stent placement (n=2). 5 of 9 @entity1 in the operative series with @entity1645 associated with @entity91 (55%), and all 3 of the @entity1 whose syrinx persisted after reoperation had @entity91 . CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 17% of the @entity1 with Chiari I and @entity1645 in this operative series were undergoing a second operation. Factors in this series which were associated with reoperation included a young age at initial surgery, the presence of complex bony anatomy at the foramen magnum, @entity177 of the surgeon at the initial operation either to assess patency of the foramen of Magendie or correctly place a fourth ventricular stent.

title: Reoperation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['bony anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari II decompressions', 'Chiari II malformation', 'Chiari I malformation', 'Chiari II malformations', 'Chiari malformation', 'Chiari malformations']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['syndromic craniosynostosis, and failure']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['craniosynostosis syndromes', 'craniosynostosis represented reoperations']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1645 :: (MESH:D001139,Disease) :: ['Chiari malformations']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study is to explore the off-label use of targeted therapies (TTs) for @entity1 with @entity421 registered within the @entity242 Group - Bone Tumor Study Group (GSF-GETO) national registry. METHODS: All @entity1 with an @entity421 , registered between January 1, 2009 and July 15, 2013 were analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty-nine @entity1 with refractory relapsed @entity421 received 33 treatment lines of TTs. The median age at the beginning of treatment was 19  years (range 9-72). The median number of previous lines of chemotherapy was 3 (range 1-8). Before inclusion, 3 @entity1 were in second complete remission, 26 were in progression for metastatic relapse. Twenty-three @entity1 received @entity3446 (in combination with @entity786 for 18); 5, @entity2240 ; 4, @entity2857 ; and one, @entity6219 . Stable disease was observed for 45.5  % of @entity1 (95  % Confidence Interval (CI) [20-52.8]). The median Progression-Free Survival (PFS) was 3  months (95  % CI [2-5.4]) for @entity1 treated by @entity3446 and 1.8  months (95  % CI [1.3-2.8]) for @entity1 receiving multi-targeted @entity4149 kinase inhibitors; 6-month PFS 15  %. The median Overall Survival (OS) was 6.8  months (95  % CI [4.7-12.1]), and one-year OS was 24  %. In a multivariate analysis, PFS was superior for @entity1 receiving @entity3446 compared to other TTs (Hazard Ratio (HR)   =   2.7, 95  % CI [1.05-7.1]). No toxic @entity204 was reported. Grade 3 and 4 @entity137 were observed in 27 and 6  % of cases respectively. CONCLUSION: Off-label TTs, especially @entity3446 , reported benefit in the treatment of @entity421 with an acceptable @entity137 profile, including in pediatric population.

title: Off-label use of targeted therapies in XXXX : data from the French registry OUTC'S (Observatoire de l'Utilisation des Th  rapies Cibl  es dans les Sarcomes).

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity6219 :: ('MESH:C516667', 'Chemical') :: ['pazopanib']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['French Sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcomas', 'refractory osteosarcomas', 'osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteosarcomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent characterization of @entity3009 receptor subtypes shows that each is critical to cellular functions and operates through separate signaling pathways that may explain differing effects of @entity2918 . This study aimed to determine whether @entity3009 receptors @entity7701 and @entity2912 are modulated after injury and to evaluate the effect of @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) addition and blockade on EP receptor expression. METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from 10 @entity1 sustaining @entity174 or @entity130 and 10 control subjects were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide +/- @entity8228 , an inhibitor of @entity1421 production. Samples were evaluated for production of @entity1421 , @entity5 @entity39 factor--alpha, and @entity8285 as well as mRNA expression of EP receptors and @entity2247 . EP receptor expression was also evaluated after treating control PBMCs with @entity1421 . RESULTS: PBMCs from injured @entity1 exhibited significant increases in @entity1421 production and @entity2247 mRNA compared with control subjects, and these increases were inhibited by @entity8228 . In contrast, @entity7701 and @entity2912 receptors were markedly down-regulated after injury and @entity8228 restored expression to control levels. Decreased @entity7701 and @entity2912 receptor expression after injury was replicated by coincubation of PBMCs with @entity1421 . CONCLUSIONS: Specific PGE(2) receptors are down-regulated after injury and @entity8228 reverses this response. Furthermore, @entity1421 mediates @entity7701 and @entity2912 down-regulation. These data suggest that specific EP receptor subtypes may provide critical targets for augmenting the immune response after injury in @entity1 .

title: XXXX E2 receptors @entity7701 and @entity2912 are down-regulated in @entity1 mononuclear cells after injury.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8285 :: ('MESH:D007975', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotriene B(4)']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE(2)', 'prostaglandin E(2)']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostanoids']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['burn injury']

answer: @entity3009 :: (CHEBI:26333,Chemical) :: ['Prostaglandin']


abstract: In the present study, the effects of age and diet on @entity413 disappearance and tissue-specific @entity413 uptake (R'g) were examined under basal or hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic conditions in male @entity35 . @entity35 were equicalorically fed either a high-starch diet (68% of kcal), high-fat diet (HFD; 45% of kcal), or high- @entity969 diet (68% of kcal), beginning at either 5 (W; weanling), 10 (Y; young), 18 (M; mature), or 58 wk (O; older) of age for 5 wks (n = 6-9. group(-1) x diet(-1)). Body weight gain was not significantly different among dietary groups within a given age. Significant (P< 0.05) age effects were observed on basal and clamp free @entity844 concentrations. Significant diet effects were observed on basal and clamp @entity412 concentrations. There were significant diet and age effects on basal skeletal muscle R'g. This interaction was primarily due to an age-associated increase in basal R'g microg x g(-1). min(-1)) in HFD (gastrocnemius R'g: 0.9+/-0.2 in W, 1.1+/-0.2 in Y, 1.8+/-0.2 in M, 2.5+/-0.2 in O). Both age and diet significantly decreased insulin-stimulated muscle R'g. However, whereas age-associated reductions in both @entity3776 concentration and glycogen synthase activity were observed, significant diet effects were observed on @entity3776 concentrations only. Age significantly reduced basal and clamp adipose tissue R'g when expressed per gram of tissue but significantly increased R'g when expressed per total fat pad mass. These data suggest that diet-induced changes in peripheral @entity413 metabolism are modulated by age.

title: Developmental stage modifies diet-induced peripheral insulin resistance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity3776 :: ('MESH:D019298', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose-6-phosphate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: In recent times, the incidence of @entity56 , particularly @entity565 , has been increasing worldwide. However, there appears to be no published data on the prevalence of @entity56 among school @entity1 (3 to 16 years of age) in Karachi, Pakistan, with only limited data available among few age groups under one ISAAC study. The objective of this project was to investigate the prevalence of @entity56 among school @entity1 (3 to 16 years of age) in the city of Karachi. The questionnaire that was used for data collection had previously been used for a similar study in neighboring Saudi Arabia and the U.A.E. In 2007, a total of 3,000 surveys were distributed in various schools of Karachi, of which 2,325 completed surveys were obtained. SPSS was used to perform statistical analysis on the collected data. Survey results showed that the frequency of diagnosed (previously seen by physicians) cases of @entity565 stood at 15.8%, while the frequency of @entity2023 was found to be 28.50% among these @entity1 . Other parameters that were analyzed included dry cough (20.1%), wheezing (11.7%), @entity1353 (15.40%), and @entity484 (21.8%). Furthermore, smoking by family members was found to be associated with @entity565 (p value less than 0.05), @entity2023 (p value less than 0.05), @entity1353 (p value less than 0.05), dry cough (p value 0.002), and wheezing (p value less than 0.05). This study reveals that there is a significant number of school @entity1 in the metropolitan city of Karachi who have @entity56 . It also sheds light on the fact that exposure to indoor environmental factors as well as family atopy can play a key role in increasing the chances of an individual to experience @entity565 and @entity566 .

title: Prevalence of XXXX and @entity2023 among school @entity1 of Karachi, Pakistan, 2007.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathlessness']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['other allergy symptoms']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases', 'various allergic symptoms']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 are soft tissue @entity242 with @entity146 and a high rate of local recurrence after treatment. Although they do not tend to metastasise systemically, the @entity146 can lead to situations in which limb-preserving surgery cannot be performed without severe disability. As isolated limb perfusion (ILP) with @entity310 and melphalan has proven to be extremely effective in the treatment of soft tissue @entity242 , we studied its potential in locally advanced extremity @entity5 . METHODS: Prospectively maintained database in a tertiary referral centre. Between 1991 and 2003, 12 ILP procedures were performed in 11 @entity1 for locally advanced @entity5 . Local surgical therapy with preservation of limb function was impossible in all @entity1 due to large or multifocal @entity5 , multiple recurrences or extensive previous treatment. Perfusions were performed with 4-3mg @entity310 and 10-13 mg/l limb volume melphalan form leg and arm perfusions, respectively. RESULTS: Overall response rate was 75%: Two complete responses were recorded (17%) and seven @entity1 had a partial response (58%). Amputation could be avoided in all cases. Local control was obtained after 10/12 ILPs and in the other two @entity1 through repeat ILP and systemic chemotherapy, thus leading to an overall local control rate of 100%. Local @entity137 was mild and systemic @entity137 was absent in all @entity1 . CONCLUSION: ILP is a very effective treatment option in the multimodality treatment of limb @entity5 . It should be considered in @entity1 with @entity146 and disabling disease where resection without important functional sacrifice is impossible.

title: XXXX -based isolated limb perfusion in unresectable extremity @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['local aggressive behaviour', 'aggressive', 'local aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Desmoid tumours', 'desmoid tumours', 'tumours']

answer: @entity310 :: (7124,Gene) :: ['TNF']


abstract: A review of reports on metastatic @entity5 published from 1903 to 1998 in Japan revealed 128 @entity1 , 74 males, 52 females and 2 whose sex was not recorded. The average age was 44.8 years, but varied depending on the @entity5 . Since 1980, metastatic @entity5 have increased in Japan, especially those from the lung, liver and adrenal gland, while @entity3 from the stomach has decreased slightly. @entity3 from the breast is still common. Most metastatic @entity5 were from the lung, followed, in order, by breast, liver, adrenal gland and stomach. Males had four times as many metastatic @entity5 from @entity2 than did females; only females had @entity3 from @entity0 ; almost 90% of @entity3 from @entity157 were in males; @entity3 from @entity703 was 2-3 times more common in males than in females. @entity3 from the liver and stomach is seen more frequently in Japan than in the United States and Europe. Ocular signs due to orbital @entity3 from @entity157 , @entity521 and @entity356 were apt to appear earlier than the signs of the @entity75 . @entity3 to the orbit were frequently bilateral in @entity1 with @entity521 and @entity706 . Specific ocular signs such as ecchymosis and @entity548 were seen in orbital @entity3 from @entity521 and @entity4797 , while @entity3856 was characteristic of @entity706 . Orbital @entity3 was very rare in @entity1 with @entity189 , ovaries, bladder, pancreas, @entity694 in both Japan, the United States and Europe.

title: Metastatic XXXX in Japan: a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctival hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['orbital tumors', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the uterus']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis', 'metastases', 'Metastases']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity3856 :: ('MESH:D058447', 'Disease') :: ['ocular pain']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon or rectum']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['orbital tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of the combination of @entity2664 , @entity3118 , @entity2592 , and @entity900 (MIFAP) in @entity1 with prognostically unfavorable recurrent and @entity978 ( @entity978 ) and @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). METHODS: Forty-six @entity1 (median age 43 years, range 18-63) with relapsed (n = 15) or refractory (n = 31) @entity706 were enrolled ( @entity978 , n = 13; low-grade/transformed @entity1893 , n = 4; high-grade @entity1893 , n = 29). A total of 39 @entity1 (85%) showed multiply @entity66 with a duration of prior remission of < 12 months (n = 8) or had @entity706 being resistant to prior chemotherapy (n = 31). The MIFAP therapy consisted of @entity3118 (15 mg/m2, q. 12 h, day 1-4), @entity2592 (50 mg/m2 by continuous infusion (CI) over 22 h, day 1-4), @entity900 (25 or 30 mg/m2 by CI over 24 h, day 1-4), and @entity2664 (4 mg/m2, day 2-5). RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 (28%) achieved complete remission (CR) and 15 @entity1 (33%) partial remission (PR), for an overall response (OR) rate of 61%. Twenty-two @entity1 responding to MIFAP (10 CR, 12 PR) have been consolidated by high-dose therapy (HDT) with hematopoietic @entity8 ( @entity8 ). After a median follow-up of 12 months, 16 @entity1 are in continuous CR (CCR) (n = 14) or CCRu (unconfirmed) (n = 2). The median duration of event-free survival (EFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were 6.5 and 19.3 months, respectively. Probabilities of EFS and @entity1349 after 3 years were 19% and 40%. Responders consolidated by subsequent HDT showed rates for 3-year EFS and @entity1349 of 40% and 66%, respectively. Unfavorable prognostic factors for EFS by univariate analysis were @entity706 and the presence of @entity1109 . Significant prognostic factors for @entity1349 were @entity1893 , @entity706 , @entity1109 , and bone marrow involvement. The major @entity137 were @entity1431 and @entity882 of the World Health Organization (WHO) grade IV in nearly all courses (median duration 10 and 11 days). In contrast, non-hematological side effects were moderate, predominantly of WHO grades I and II. Treatment-related mortality with MIFAP was 4% (two @entity1 with @entity295 by @entity54 ). CONCLUSIONS: MIFAP is an effective salvage protocol for @entity1 with poor-risk recurrent or refractory @entity978 and @entity1893 . The observed @entity137 seems to be acceptable considering the unfavorable prognosis and intensive pretreatment. The results in @entity1 responding to MIFAP and afterwards undergoing HDT with autologous stem cell support are even comparable to those published in @entity1 with prognostically more @entity66 .

title: Salvage chemotherapy with @entity2664 , XXXX , @entity2592 , and @entity900 (MIFAP) in relapsing and @entity706 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['SCT', 'stem cell transplantation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['favorable diseases', 'relapsed diseases']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'refractory lymphoma', 'malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "refractory Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity3118 :: (MESH:C024352,Chemical) :: ['fludarabine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Nanomechanical intervention through electroactuation is an effective strategy to guide stem cell differentiation for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In the present study, we elucidate that physical forces exerted by electroactuated gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have a strong influence in regulating the lineage commitment of @entity1 mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). A novel platform that combines intracellular and extracellular GNPs as nano-manipulators was designed to trigger @entity4998 in hMSCs, in electric field stimulated culture condition. In order to mimic the native microenvironment of nerve and cardiac tissues, hMSCs were treated with physiologically relevant direct current electric field (DC EF) or pulsed electric field (PEF) stimuli, respectively. When exposed to regular intermittent cycles of DC EF stimuli, majority of the GNP actuated hMSCs acquired longer filopodial extensions with multiple branch-points possessing neural-like architecture. Such morphological changes were consistent with higher mRNA expression level for neural-specific markers. On the other hand, PEF elicited cardiomyogenic differentiation, which is commensurate with the tube-like morphological alterations along with the upregulation of cardiac specific markers. The observed effect was significantly promoted even by intracellular actuation and was found to be substrate independent. Further, we have substantiated the participation of oxidative signaling, G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and intracellular @entity460 [ @entity141 ]i elevation as the key upstream regulators dictating GNP assisted hMSC differentiation. Thus, by adopting dual stimulation protocols, we could successfully divert the DC EF exposed cells to differentiate predominantly into neural-like cells and PEF treated cells into cardiomyogenic-like cells, via nanoactuation of GNPs. Such a novel multifaceted approach can be exploited to combat tissue loss following @entity1545 or @entity712 .

title: Electrically driven intracellular and extracellular nanomanipulators evoke XXXX in @entity1 mesenchymal stem cells.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity4998 :: ('MESH:D012734', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic/cardiomyogenic differentiation']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity4998 :: (MESH:D012734,Disease) :: ['neurogenic/cardiomyogenic differentiation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Post-operative care programmes after @entity173 surgery include strategies for mobilisation, such as early weight bearing, gait retraining and other physical therapy interventions. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of different mobilisation strategies and programmes after @entity173 surgery. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Injuries Group specialised register (to February 2002), MEDLINE (1966 to February 2002), the National Research Register (Issue 2, 2001), Current Controlled Trials, conference proceedings and reference lists of articles. SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomised or quasi-randomised trials comparing different mobilisation strategies/programmes after @entity173 surgery. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: The reviewers independently assessed trial quality, using a ten item scale, and extracted data. Wherever appropriate and possible, the data are presented graphically. MAIN RESULTS: Our first update included one new study. Again, each of the now five included trials evaluated a different intervention. Most trials had poor and / or poorly reported trial methodology. One trial of 100 @entity1 which compared twice daily with once daily physiotherapy reported a lack of demonstrable difference in recovery of the two @entity1 groups at nine weeks follow-up. Only limited outcome data were available for checking this. One trial of 80 @entity1 evaluated a quadriceps muscle strengthening exercise programme. Improved mobility, leg extension power and Barthel score were reported for the intervention group. A treadmill gait retraining programme was compared with a conventional gait retraining programme in 40 @entity1 . More @entity1 in the treadmill group had recovered their pre- @entity174 level of mobility by the time of hospital discharge, which tended to happen earlier than for the control group. Neither of these differences were statistically significant. One trial of 24 @entity1 compared neuromuscular stimulation of the quadriceps muscle with placebo stimulation. No data were available to test the claims that neuromuscular stimulation improved the recovery of mobility, assessed up to 13 weeks. One trial involving 273 @entity1 with a displaced intracapsular @entity174 treated by internal fixation compared weight bearing at two weeks after surgery with delayed weight bearing at 12 weeks after surgery. From the limited data available, there were no statistically significant differences between the two methods of treatment for the outcomes of non-union, mortality and overall unfavourable outcome at one year. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: There is insufficient evidence from randomised trials to determine the effects of more frequent physiotherapy, quadriceps strengthening exercises, treadmill gait retraining, or neuromuscular stimulation after @entity173 surgery. There is also insufficient evidence to determine the effects of early weight bearing after the internal fixation of an intracapsular proximal @entity3330 .

title: Mobilisation strategies after XXXX surgery in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aims of the study were to review long-term trends in @entity2 incidence, survival and mortality and, in light of these, to consider prospects for prevention. DESIGN: Descriptive epidemiological study. SETTING: Scotland. SUBJECTS: Incident cases of @entity2 , diagnosed 1959-1993, and registered with the Scottish Cancer Registry, and recorded deaths from @entity2 during 1919 to 1993. RESULTS: Scottish @entity1 and @entity1 continue to experience rates of @entity2 which are amongst the highest in the world. In @entity1 , incidence rose from 1959 to a peak in the late 1970s and is now decreasing steadily. In @entity1 , although starting from a lower baseline, incidence has risen steadily since 1959 (at an annual rate of increase of 5.0 per cent) and shows no evidence of a sustained decline. It is estimated that, between 1986 and 2000, the annual number of registrations in those aged under 85 years could fall by 20 per cent in @entity1 and rise by 8 per cent in @entity1 . Incidence in the most deprived areas of Scotland is twice that in the least deprived areas. Survival prospects have changed little over the last 25 years. In both sexes, trends in mortality mirror trends in incidence. CONCLUSION: Although @entity2 incidence in @entity1 is falling, it is likely that we have not yet reached the peak of the @entity2 epidemic amongst @entity1 . As up to 90 per cent of these @entity5 are attributable to @entity286 , measures to control this drug should be the main focus of prevention activities. Emphasis should be placed on efforts to cut smoking prevalence among @entity1 and the most deprived groups of society and to reduce the uptake of smoking amongst the young. The fact that some other countries report more favourable survival figures suggests that there may be scope for improvements in diagnosis and therapy. The formulation of guidelines for best current practice in the management of @entity2 should aid progress in this respect.

title: The epidemiology of XXXX in Scotland: a review of trends in incidence, survival and mortality and prospects for prevention.

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate changes in cognitive function and clinical features following a switch from oral atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) to long-acting injectable @entity1090 (LAIR) in @entity1 with @entity161 . METHODS: Thirty-six @entity1 with @entity161 treated with oral AAPs participated in this open-label, 26-week study. Cognitive functions were measured at baseline and at 12 and 26 weeks. The secondary outcome measures included the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS), @entity146 ( @entity146 ), and measurements for @entity21 . RESULTS: Significant improvements in cognitive function were observed in the backward Digit Span Test, Verbal Learning Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, correct responses on the Continuous Performance Test, and @entity2205 Making Test part B following a switch to LAIR. Scores on the PANSS, SOFAS, @entity146 , and the Simpson-Angus Rating Scale also improved significantly. Most improvements in neurocognitive function were not correlated with clinical measures. @entity1017 and @entity4089 were the most common adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Switching from oral AAPs to LAIR improved cognitive function including vigilance, verbal learning and memory, executive function, sustained attention, and visuomotor speed in @entity1 with @entity161 . It was also effective for improving @entity716 , social functioning, and insight.

title: Effects of switching to long-acting injectable XXXX from oral atypical antipsychotics on cognitive function in @entity1 with @entity161 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Scale for Unawareness of Mental Disorder', 'SUMD']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['Weight gain']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['extrapyramidal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity1090 :: (MESH:D018967,Chemical) :: ['risperidone']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity1560 is associated with @entity285 habits and/or overweight/ @entity28 . We challenged several lifestyle features associated with @entity1560 and, particularly, with @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ). Among them, sleep shortage as a result of nightlife habits and a preference for plus-size fashion were assessed. The latter consists of fashionable plus-sized clothing for actual individuals' size and reflects a frequent attitude of some social or age groups, conceivably indicating more global and widespread trend and behaviour. METHODS: We studied a group of 708 non-diabetic youngsters, 458 @entity1 and 250 @entity1 , 21.72    3.71 years old (range 15-35 years), referred for minor digestive ailments for clinical assessment, ultrasound detection of @entity1560 and nutritional counselling. Details of personal history regarding lifestyle, food intake frequency and @entity285 intake, dietary and physical exercise profile, sleep duration and clothing preferences were recorded. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity1561 in this cohort of youngsters is 67/708 (9.4%). Even if it is quantitatively very low in both groups, the average @entity285 intake, always below 20 g/day, is greater in @entity1561 subjects (5.83    4.32 g) vs. subjects with normal liver (2.02    3.20 g). The number of meals/day and adherence to a Mediterranean diet profile are smaller in @entity1561 subjects. By multiple regression, BMI, sedentary life, plus-sized clothing for their actual size, sleep shortage and lower frequency of daily food intake are associated with the presence of @entity1561 . CONCLUSIONS: Onset and continuation of @entity409 , beyond food and exercise quantity and quality, with their effects on @entity28 , may also be associated with other aspects of lifestyle.

title: XXXX and lifestyle in youngsters: diet, food intake frequency, exercise, sleep shortage and fashion.

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['Fatty liver', 'fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['non-alcoholic fatty liver disease', 'NAFLD']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Fatty liver disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the outcomes such as @entity1209 , analgesic requirements, and hospital stay following the use of topical @entity69192 0.4% or intravenous (IV) @entity3575 in @entity1 undergoing strabismus surgery. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study. @entity1 operated under general anesthesia for strabismus were given topical @entity69192 0.4% (Group T) and IV @entity3575 (Group F) before surgery. The episodes of @entity390 / @entity391 , @entity158 score, requirement of additional analgesia during postoperative period, and duration of hospital stay were compared in two groups. RESULTS: There were 47 @entity1 in Group T and 59 @entity1 in Group F. The median @entity158 score in two groups were 2.38 (25% quartile; 2.0) and 3.00 (25% quartile; 3.00), respectively. The difference was significant (K W P < 0.03). The episodes of @entity390 / @entity391 in two groups were in 2 and 6 @entity1 in Group T and Group F, respectively. The median hospital stay of @entity1 of Group T and Group F were 242 and 285 min, respectively. The difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.22). CONCLUSIONS: Using intraoperative topical @entity20748 drops, one can achieve better analgesic outcomes and reduce risk of @entity390 and @entity391 compared to intravenous opioid analgesics and therefore, the hospital stay could also be marginally reduced.

title: Comparison of topical @entity20748 and intravenous XXXX in pediatric strabismus surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity69192 :: ('CHEBI:31260', 'Chemical') :: ['oxybuprocaine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity20748 :: ('MESH:C005298', 'Chemical') :: ['oxybuprocaine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative nausea/vomiting']

answer: @entity3575 :: (MESH:D005283,Chemical) :: ['fentanyl']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: With the rise of multidrug resistance among pathogens, especially in wound care management is of great concern. Hence, we designed to study the in-vitro activity of topical agents honey and @entity575 against wound @entity281 and compares @entity575 and honey dressings used in wound care. Methods: 172 isolates from burn and surgical wounds were isolated from @entity1 admitted to Nursing College, Changchun University Of Chinese Medicine, China during 2013-2014 are included in the study. 59 Pseudomonas, 41 @entity526 , 28 @entity794 , 25 @entity3274 , 11 @entity795 , 8 Acinetobacter were isolated. Susceptibility testing for honey and @entity7292 was done using the agar dilution method. 80 @entity1 were divided into 2 groups. Type 1 used Algivon with UMF12 honey coated dressing for 40 @entity1 and the other 40 @entity1 received Type II used Acti-coat @entity575 absorbent dressings. 30 @entity1 received ordinary dressings were included as control group @entity1 . Results: 50/59 (84.7%) Pseudomonas spp, 39 (95.1%) of @entity526 and 26/28 (92.9%) @entity794 were sensitive for @entity7292 . @entity3274 , @entity795 spp and Acinetobacter spp showed 100% sensitivity for @entity7292 by agar dilution method. All the isolates showed 100% sensitivity for honey at concentration. In type I - honey coated dressings consist of 40 @entity1 with 18 (45%) male and 22 (55%) female @entity1 . Type II - @entity575 -coated dressings consist of 40 @entity1 with 24 (60%) females and 16 (40%) male @entity1 . Conclusion: This study results showed positive efforts on improvising in wound dressings as a replacement to lower antimicrobial resistance and limit racial use of antibiotics.

title: In-vitro Activity of Honey and Topical XXXX in Wound Care Management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7292 :: ('MESH:D012835', 'Chemical') :: ['silver nitrate']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['S. aureus', 'S aureus']

entities_list: @entity3274 :: ('573', 'Species') :: ['Klebsiella pneumoniae', 'K. pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity575 :: (MESH:D012834,Chemical) :: ['Silver']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Siblings of @entity1 with a disability are an at risk group for emotional and @entity146 . This study evaluated an intervention to promote the emotional and behavioral functioning of siblings of @entity1 with disabilities and chronic health conditions. SibworkS is a six-week manual-based, cognitive-behavioral group support program focussed on strengthening siblings' perceived social support, self-esteem, problem-solving skills, adaptive @entity146 and positive sibling relationships. Fifty-six @entity1 aged 7-12 were allocated to either the SibworkS program (n=30) or waitlist control (n=26) in alternating sequence. The primary outcome was siblings' emotional and behavioral functioning. Additional outcomes were self-esteem, perceived social support, the sibling relationship and @entity146 . Siblings were followed-up immediately after the intervention and at 3-months. Siblings participating in the SibworkS intervention were reported to have fewer emotional and behavioral difficulties than siblings in the control group immediately following the intervention and at the 3-month follow-up. Participation in SibworkS was associated with fewer emotional and behavioral difficulties for siblings. Implications for practice and future research include recommendations for improving program participation.

title: A controlled trial of the SibworkS group program for siblings of XXXX with special needs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['coping behaviors', 'behavioral problems']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: In the last decade, several monomeric and heterotrimeric @entity6370 binding proteins have been identified to associate with secretory vesicles and to be implicated in exocytosis. Vesicle volume also has been proposed to play a regulatory role in secretory vesicle fusion at the plasma membrane. However, the molecular mechanism of function of the @entity6370 binding proteins and of the regulation of secretory vesicle volume in the exocytotic process remains unclear. In this study, we report association of the secretory vesicle membrane with the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric @entity3007 binding protein G(alpha i3) and implicate its involvement in @entity4 . Using an atomic force microscope in combination with confocal microscopy, we were able to study the dynamics of isolated zymogen granules, the secretory vesicles in exocrine pancreas. Exposure of zymogen granules to @entity3007 resulted in a 15-25% increase in vesicle height as measured by the atomic force microscope and a similar increase in vesicle diameter as determined by confocal microscopy. Mas7, an active @entity37956 analog known to stimulate Gi proteins, was found to stimulate the GTPase activity of isolated zymogen granules and cause @entity4 . Increase in vesicle size in the presence of @entity3007 , @entity7034 , and Mas7 were irreversible and KCl-sensitive. @entity141 had no effect on zymogen granule size. Taken together, the results indicate that G(alpha i3) protein localized in the secretory vesicle membrane mediates @entity4 , a potentially important prerequisite for vesicle fusion at the cell plasma membrane.

title: Gi regulation of secretory XXXX examined by atomic force microscopy.

entities_list: @entity6370 :: ('CHEBI:61292', 'Chemical') :: ['guanine nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling', 'vesicle swelling']

entities_list: @entity37956 :: ('MESH:C037500', 'Chemical') :: ['mastoparan']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['vesicle swelling']


abstract: The alternatively spliced trimeric G-protein subunit XLas, which is involved in @entity268 signalling, is encoded by the @entity12820 transcript of the imprinted @entity12820 locus. XLas deficient @entity19 show neonatal feeding problems, leanness, @entity1806 and a high mortality rate. Mutants that survive to weaning age develop into healthy and fertile adults, which remain lean despite elevated food intake. The adult metabolic phenotype can be attributed to increased energy expenditure, which appears to be caused by elevated sympathetic nervous system activity. To better understand the changing phenotype of @entity12820 deficient @entity19 , we compared XLas expression in neonatal versus adult tissues, analysed its co-localisation with neural markers and characterised changes in the nutrient-sensing mTOR1-S6K pathway in the hypothalamus. Using a newly generated conditional @entity12820 lacZ gene trap line and immunohistochemistry we identified various types of muscle, including smooth muscle cells of blood vessels, as the major peripheral sites of expression in neonates. Expression in all muscle tissues was silenced in adults. While @entity12820 expression in the central nervous system was also developmentally silenced in some midbrain nuclei, it was upregulated in the preoptic area, the medial amygdala, several hypothalamic nuclei (e.g. arcuate, dorsomedial, lateral and paraventricular nuclei) and the nucleus of the solitary tract. Furthermore, expression was detected in the ventral medulla as well as in motoneurons and a subset of sympathetic preganglionic neurons of the spinal cord. In the arcuate nucleus of @entity12820 -deficient @entity19 we found reduced activity of the nutrient sensing mTOR1-S6K signalling pathway, which concurs with their metabolic status. The expression in these brain regions and the @entity2495 phenotype of adult @entity12820 -deficient @entity19 imply an inhibitory function of XLas in energy expenditure and sympathetic outflow. By contrast, the neonatal phenotype of mutant @entity19 appears to be due to a transient role of XLas in muscle tissues.

title: Postnatal changes in the expression pattern of the imprinted signalling protein XLas underlie the changing phenotype of deficient XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2495 :: ('MESH:C565498', 'Disease') :: ['hypermetabolic']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']