abstract: INTRODUCTION: Mechanical ventilation with control of partial arterial @entity3158 pressures (PaCO2) is used to treat or stabilize @entity428 ( @entity428 ) in @entity1 with @entity131 ( @entity131 ). Pressure-regulated volume control (PRVC) is a ventilator mode where inspiratory pressures are automatically adjusted to deliver the @entity1 a pre-set stable tidal volume (TV). This may result in a more stable PaCO2 and thus a more stable @entity428 compared with conventional pressure control (PC) ventilation. The aim of this study was to compare PC and PRVC ventilation in @entity131 @entity1 with respect to @entity428 and PaCO2. METHODS: This is a randomized crossover trial including eleven @entity1 with a moderate or severe @entity131 who were mechanically ventilated and had @entity428 monitoring. Each @entity1 was administered alternating 2-h periods of PC and PRVC ventilation. The outcome variables were @entity428 and PaCO2. RESULTS: Fifty-two (26 PC, 26 PRVC) study periods were included. Mean @entity428 was 10.8  mmHg with PC and 10.3  mmHg with PRVC ventilation (p  =  0.38). Mean PaCO2 was 36.5  mmHg (4.87  kPa) with PC and 36.1  mmHg (4.81  kPa) with PRVC (p  =  0.38). There were less fluctuations in @entity428 (p  =  0.02) and PaCO2 (p  =  0.05) with PRVC ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: Mean @entity428 and PaCO2 were similar for PC and PRVC ventilation in @entity131 @entity1 , but PRVC ventilation resulted in less fluctuation in both @entity428 and PaCO2. We cannot exclude that the two ventilatory modes would have impact on @entity428 in @entity1 with higher @entity428 values; however, the similar PaCO2 observations argue against this.

title: Intracranial Pressure During Pressure Control and Pressure-Regulated Volume Control Ventilation in XXXX with @entity131 : A Randomized Crossover trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'intracranial pressure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: A variety of mammals employ torpor as an energy-saving strategy in environments of marginal or severe stress either on a daily basis during their inactive period or on a seasonal basis during prolonged multi-day hibernation. Recently, a few Madagascar lemur species have been identified as the only primates that exhibit torpor; one of these is the gray @entity19 lemur (Microcebus murinus). To explore the regulatory mechanisms that underlie daily torpor in a primate, we analyzed the expression of 28 selected genes that represent crucial survival pathways known to be involved in squirrel and bat hibernation. Array-based real-time PCR was used to compare gene expression in control (aroused) versus torpid lemurs in five tissues including the liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, heart, and brown adipose tissue. Significant differences in gene expression during torpor were revealed among genes involved in glycolysis, @entity844 metabolism, antioxidant defense, apoptosis, @entity519 signaling, and protein protection. The results showed upregulation of select genes primarily in liver and brown adipose tissue. For instance, both tissues showed elevated gene expression of @entity12097 (ppargc), ferritin ( @entity68951 ), and protein chaperones during torpor. Overall, the data show that the expression of only a few genes changed during lemur daily torpor, as compared with the broader expression changes reported for hibernation in ground squirrels. These results provide an indication that the alterations in gene expression required for torpor in lemurs are not as extensive as those needed for winter hibernation in squirrel models. However, identification of crucial genes with altered expression that support lemur torpor provides key targets to be explored and manipulated toward a goal of translational applications of inducible torpor as a treatment option in @entity1 biomedicine.

title: Modulation of Gene Expression in Key Survival Pathways During Daily Torpor in the Gray XXXX Lemur, Microcebus murinus.

entities_list: @entity12097 :: ('19016(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: Ten percent of all @entity10545 are located in the spine; they represent the most common cause of @entity158 in adolescents. The recommended treatment is surgical excision of the nidus. Nine @entity1 with @entity10545 of the spine underwent surgical treatment between 1996 and 2002. Complete nidus removal was performed in all @entity1 and the diagnosis was made by frozen sections intraoperatively. The follow-up period was 27 months. @entity1635 was present in five of the cases (55.5%). All deformities improved during the postoperative follow-up period. All nine @entity1 with the diagnosis of @entity10545 who had operations had histological confirmation. All @entity1 had immediate and complete relief of @entity158 after surgery. There were no complications and no local recurrences after a follow-up of two years. In the authors' opinion, removal of the nidus by open surgical technique remains a valid method of treatment for @entity10545 of the spine.

title: Results of surgical treatment of XXXX of the spine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful scoliosis', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['Scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity10545 :: ('MESH:D010017', 'Disease') :: ['osteoid osteoma', 'osteoid osteomas']

answer: @entity10545 :: (MESH:D010017,Disease) :: ['osteoid osteoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1759 is a cell adhesion molecule often expressed in the form of various splice variants. The role of standard @entity1759 isoform (CD44s) and its variants in @entity14 is partly conflicting. Therefore, we compared the expression of @entity1759 s (hermes-3) and its splice variants (v3 and v6) with traditional prognostic factors in 194 @entity14 @entity1 treated at Kuopio University Hospital and followed up for a mean of 14 years. METHODS: Formalin-fixed, @entity982 -embedded tissue sections from 194 @entity1 with @entity14 were examined immunohistochemically to detect the expression of different forms of @entity1759 . The hypothesis that CD44s, CD44v3, and CD44v6 expression intensities and distribution in @entity5 cells correlated with survival was tested with the log-rank test, hazard ratios, and their confidence intervals. RESULTS: In high-grade @entity5 @entity1759 s and CD44v6 expression intensities and @entity1759 s percentages were stronger than in low-grade @entity5 . CD44v6, CD44v3, and @entity1759 s expression intensities in @entity5 epithelium were also stronger in Dukes C and D @entity5 than in A and B @entity5 . In the univariate survival analysis @entity1 with strong CD44s, CD44v3, and CD44v6 expression intensities in @entity5 epithelium had @entity5 -related survival than the @entity1 who had weak CD44s, CD44v3, and CD44v6 expression intensities. Recurrence-free survival was also shorter in @entity1 with intense signals for CD44v3 and CD44v6 in @entity5 epithelium. In the multivariate analysis the CD44v6 expression intensity in @entity5 epithelium predicted independently both @entity5 -related and recurrence-free survival in T1-4N0-3M0 and T1-3N0M0 cases. In addition, the CD44v3 expression intensity in @entity5 epithelium was a significant predictor of @entity4434 in T1-3N0M0 cases. CONCLUSIONS: These results strongly suggest that the @entity1759 splice variants v6 and v3 have prognostic significance in @entity14 .

title: Expression of @entity1759 and variant proteins in @entity1 XXXX and its relevance for prognosis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['lower cancer', 'cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinogenesis', 'colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: @entity158 catastrophising is an adverse coping mechanism, involving an exaggerated response to anticipated or @entity158 . The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of @entity158 'catastrophising', as measured using the @entity158 ( @entity158 ), on treatment outcomes after surgery for @entity2649 ( @entity2649 ). A total of 138 @entity1 (47 @entity1 and 91 @entity1 , mean age 65.9; 45 to 78) were assigned to low ( @entity158 score < 25, n = 68) and high ( @entity158 score >=  25, n = 70) @entity158 groups. The primary outcome measure was the @entity717 Index (ODI) 12 months after surgery. Secondary outcome measures included the ODI and @entity227 ( @entity227 ) for back and @entity158 , which were recorded at each assessment conducted during the 12-month follow-up period The overall changes in the ODI and @entity615 over a 12-month period were significantly different between the groups (ODI, p < 0.001; @entity227 for @entity615 , p < 0.001; @entity227 for @entity158 , p = 0.040). The ODI and @entity615 significantly decreased over time after surgery in both groups (p < 0.001 for all three variables). The patterns of change in the ODI and @entity227 for @entity615 during the follow-up period significantly differed between the two groups, suggesting that the @entity158 group is a potential treatment moderator. However, there was no difference in the ODI and @entity615 between the low and high @entity158 groups 12 months after surgery. In terms of minimum clinically important differences in ODI scores (12.8), 22 @entity1 (40.7%) had an unsatisfactory surgical outcome in the low @entity158 group and 16 (32.6%) in the high @entity158 group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p  = 0.539). Pre-operative catastrophising did not always result in a poor outcome 12 months after surgery, which indicates that this could moderate the efficacy of surgery for @entity2649 . Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1546-54.

title: The influence of catastrophising on treatment outcomes after surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual analogue scale', 'VAS']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['LSS', 'lumbar spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain', 'VAS for back and leg pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['PCS', 'actual pain', 'Pain', 'pain', 'leg pain', 'pain catastrophising scale']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

answer: @entity2649 :: (MESH:C563613,Disease) :: ['lumbar spinal stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinically, it is still challenging to differentiate aggressive from @entity263 (Pca) by non-invasive approaches. Our recent studies showed that overexpression of alpha (1-6) fucosyltransferase played an important role in Pca cells. In this study, we have investigated levels of glycoproteins and their fucosylated glycoforms in sera of Pca @entity1 , as well as the potential utility of fucosylated glycoproteins in the identification of aggressive Pca. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Serum samples from histomorphology-proven Pca cases were included. @entity1486 (PSA), tissue inhibitor of metallopeptidase 1 ( @entity2843 ) and @entity1456 (tPA), and their fucosylated glycoforms were captured by Aleuria Aurantia Lectin (AAL), followed by the multiplex magnetic bead-based immunoassay. The level of fucosylated glycoproteins was correlated with @entity1 ' Gleason score of the @entity5 . RESULT: Among three fucosylated glycoproteins, the fucosylated PSA was significantly increased and correlated with the @entity5 Gleason score (p<0.05). The ratio of fucosylated PSA showed a marked @entity146 in @entity146 . ROC analysis also showed an improved predictive power of fucosylated PSA in the identification of aggressive Pca. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrated that fucosylated PSA has a better predictive power to differentiate @entity146 from @entity146 , than that of native PSA and two other glycoproteins. The fucosylated PSA has the potential to be used as a surrogate biomarker.

title: Serum Fucosylated @entity1486 (PSA) Improves the Differentiation of Aggressive from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['non-aggressive prostate cancers']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['non-aggressive tumors', 'aggressive tumors', 'comparison to non-aggressive tumors', 'increase in aggressive tumors']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['Prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Non-aggressive Prostate Cancers']


abstract: Furfural was found to be the main organic pollutant in the wastewater coming from the @entity12873 factory. This substance is derived from acidic pentosan in Dioscorea zingiberensis and is also found in a variety of agricultural byproducts, including corncobs, oat, @entity3505 bran, and sawdust. It is regarded as a toxicant and an inhibitor to the growth of microorganism in both sewage disposal and biological fermentation. A furfural-degrading strain (DS1) was isolated from activated sludge of wastewater treatment plant in a @entity12873 factory by continuous enrichment culture. The strain was identified as @entity5259 based on morphological, physiological tests, as well as on 16S rDNA sequence and Biolog analyses. The capacity of this strain to grow on a mineral salt medium, utilizing furfural as the sole @entity505 and energy source to degrade furfural, was investigated in this study. Under the condition of pH 9.0, temperature 35    C, with rotating speed of 150  rpm, and an inoculum of 6  %, the strain showed that the furfural degradation capacity reaches 35  % in 7  days, as measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The addition of inorganic @entity505 sources could bring down the biodegradation efficiency of the furfural. The strain DS1 showed better furfural removal capacity, as compared to other inorganic @entity505 sources in the media. Furthermore, a furfural concentration of as high as 4,000  mg  L(-1) was tolerated by the culture. The capacity to degrade @entity13255 was demonstrated for the first time by using the genus @entity5259 . This study suggests the possible application in biodegradation strategies.

title: Isolation and Characterization of a Furfural-Degrading Bacterium XXXX sp. Strain DS1.

entities_list: @entity12873 :: ('MESH:D004144', 'Chemical') :: ['Diosgenin', 'diosgenin']

entities_list: @entity5259 :: ('1396', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus cereus', 'B. cereus']

answer: @entity5259 :: (1396,Species) :: ['Bacillus cereus']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of customised foot orthoses in chronic @entity924 . METHODS: This was a @entity1 -blinded, parallel-group randomised controlled trial at a single centre (La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia). One hundred and forty @entity1 aged 18-55   years with @entity924 were randomised to receive eccentric @entity291 muscle exercises with either customised foot orthoses (intervention group) or sham foot orthoses (control group). Allocation to intervention was concealed. The Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment-Achilles (VISA-A) questionnaire was completed at baseline, then at 1, 3, 6 and 12   months, with 3   months being the primary end point. Differences between groups were analysed using intention to treat with analysis of covariance. RESULTS: After randomisation into the customised foot orthoses group (n=67) or sham foot orthoses group (n=73), there was 70.7% follow-up of @entity1 at 3   months. There were no significant differences between groups at any time point. At 3   months, the mean (SD) VISA-A score was 82.1 (16.3) and 79.2 (20.0) points for the customised and sham foot orthosis groups, respectively (adjusted mean difference (95% CI)=2.6 (-2.9 to 8.0), p=0.353). There were no clinically meaningful differences between groups in any of the secondary outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS: Customised foot orthoses, prescribed according to the protocol in this study, are no more effective than sham foot orthoses for reducing symptoms and improving function in @entity1 with @entity924 undergoing an eccentric @entity291 muscle exercise programme. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: number ACTRN12609000829213.

title: Effectiveness of customised foot orthoses for Achilles XXXX : a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'people']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['tendinopathy']


abstract: The social and economic impact of drug use on our global population continues to increase leaving no geographical, social or cultural group untouched. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), in one of the few large surveys of maternal abuse, found that 5.5% of mothers reported taking an illicit substance during gestation. These figures certainly are underestimates due to the stigma of drug use during pregnancy and the accompanying legal, ethical and economic issues. Although drugs of choice and routes of administration vary by country, exposure of our most valuable resource, our @entity1 , to the developmental effects of drugs is an enormous problem. In utero drug exposure can have a severe impact not only on the development of the fetus, but also on the @entity1 during later stages of life. More than 75% of @entity1 exposed to drugs have major medical problems as compared to 27% of unexposed @entity1 . The cost of treating drug-affected @entity1 was twice the cost of non-affected @entity1 . Obstetrical complications including @entity2431 , @entity2208 , intrauterine @entity204 , and increased incidence of @entity2953 are higher in the drug-abusing mother. Treatment for pregnant addicts should be a high priority for our governments. Increased awareness and improvement in our understanding of @entity734 in the medical, legal and social realms will enable us to reduce the barriers to treatment for this important population.Accurate identification of in utero drug exposure has important implications for the care of the mother and @entity1 , but can raise difficult legal issues. Society discourages prenatal care with the infliction of harsh criminal penalties. Maternal drug use during pregnancy can be monitored with urine, sweat, oral fluid and/or hair testing. Detection of in utero drug exposure has traditionally been accomplished through urine testing; however, the window of detection is short, reflecting drug use for only a few days before delivery. Monitoring exposure through testing of alternative matrices, such as neonatal meconium and hair, offers advantages including non-invasive collection and detection earlier in gestation. There are many unresolved issues in monitoring in utero drug exposure that urgently require research. These can be divided into research to definitively differentiate drug exposed and non-drug-exposed fetuses, determine the most efficient methods to routinely monitor @entity1 's drug use, and determine how these drug test results relate to neonatal and maternal outcomes. Research in this area is difficult and expensive to perform, but necessary to assess accurately drug effects on the fetus. By increasing our understanding of the physiological, biochemical and behavioral effects of gestational drug exposure, we may ultimately provide solutions for better drug prevention, treatment and a reduction in the number of drug-exposed @entity1 .

title: XXXX 's smallest victims: in utero drug exposure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['miscarriage']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['infectious and sexually-transmitted diseases']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug abuse']

entities_list: @entity2431 :: ('MESH:D010927', 'Disease') :: ['placental insufficiency']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['Drug abuse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical site infections (SSI) are nosocomial infections that cause considerable problems in orthopaedic surgery. Antibiotic prophylaxis can be used to reduce the risk for SSI. There is no universal antibiotic that can be recommended for prophylaxis in terms of coverage of all possible pathogens because of antibiotic resistance, and there are no universal recommendations for different types of @entity1 in terms of @entity130 , selected operation and risk factors for development of SSI. The aim of this study was to analyse the effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis in surgical treatment (ORIF) of closed @entity174 in young, healthy @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 details were collected from the @entity1 histories. Inclusion criteria for @entity1 were age 20-30 years, not suffering from any type of @entity102 or state that may affect @entity86 and ISS <=9. Antibiotic prophylaxis use and outcome (SSI) were compared between two groups of @entity1 . Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Fisher's exact test and t-test for proportions. RESULTS: A total of 347 @entity1 with closed @entity174 treated with ORIF met the inclusion criteria. There were 290 male and 57 female @entity1 , with an average age of 24.47 years. Prophylactic antibiotics were given to 242 @entity1 (69.74%); 2g @entity2756 was administered to 88.02% of the @entity1 who received antibiotic prophylaxis. Ten @entity1 developed @entity86 (eight out of 242 with antibiotic prophylaxis and two out of 105 without antibiotic prophylaxis). The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (Fisher's exact test, P=0.749). CONCLUSION: Antibiotic prophylaxis was ineffective in preventing SSI in @entity1 with no risk factors for SSI who were undergoing ORIF for closed @entity174 .

title: A retrospective study of antibiotic prophylaxis value in surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['lower limb fractures']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infection']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury type']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['lower limb fracture']


abstract: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has become the treatment of choice for @entity1 with symptomatic @entity9975 . But with the introduction of this technique, the incidence of @entity1157 has increased. We report the case of a 33-year-old @entity1 who was transferred from an affiliated hospital to our department for the treatment of a @entity1157 2 weeks after LC. Prior to transfer, a laparotomy had been performed, with insertion of a T-tube and a Robinson drain on day 5 after LC. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) on admission day revealed an extensive defect of the right biliary system, which could not be treated endoscopically. An emergency laparotomy had to be performed at night for @entity548 from the portal vein. Due to massive @entity32 in the porta @entity9429 and intraparenchymal destruction of the right bile duct, liver resection was performed 2 days later, after the @entity1 had stabilized in the intensive care unit (ICU). The @entity1 had a prolonged postoperative course, but he finally recovered well from these operations. In conclusion, the management of @entity1157 should include ultrasound to detect and drain fluid collections and ERC to classify the injury. Emergency laparotomy should never be performed without these examinations, since the majority of @entity1157 can be treated endoscopically. Surgery for this serious complication should always be performed at specialized centers for hepatobiliary surgery.

title: Right hemihepatectomy for XXXX following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity9975 :: ('MESH:D041761', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['acute bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct injury', 'bile duct injuries']

answer: @entity1157 :: (MESH:D001649,Disease) :: ['bile duct injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3413 , 20mg, plus @entity3709 , 10mg, daily ( @entity3413 plus @entity3709 ) reduced major @entity731 events in @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity740 ( @entity740 ) in the Study of Heart and Renal Protection (SHARP), but its cost-effectiveness is unknown. STUDY DESIGN: Cost-effectiveness of @entity3413 plus @entity3709 in SHARP, a randomized controlled trial. SETTING _ POPULATION: 9,270 @entity1 with @entity740 randomly assigned to @entity3413 plus @entity3709 versus placebo; @entity1 in categories by 5-year cardiovascular risk (low,  <10%; medium, 10%-<20%; or high,  >= 20%) and @entity740 stage (3, 4, 5 not on dialysis, or on dialysis therapy). MODEL, PERSPECTIVE, _ TIMELINE: Assessment during SHARP follow-up from the UK perspective; long-term projections. INTERVENTION: @entity3413 plus @entity3709 (2015 UK   1.19 per day) during 4.9 years' median follow-up in SHARP; scenario analyses with high-intensity statin regimens (2015 UK   0.05-  1.06 per day). OUTCOMES: Additional health care costs per major @entity731 event avoided and per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained. RESULTS: In SHARP, the proportional reductions per 1mmol/L of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 reduction with @entity3413 plus @entity3709 in all major @entity731 events of 20% (95% CI, 6%-32%) and in the costs of vascular hospital episodes of 17% (95% CI, 4%-28%) were similar across @entity1 categories by cardiovascular risk and @entity740 stage. The 5-year reduction in major @entity731 events per 1,000 @entity1 ranged from 10 in low-risk to 58 in high-risk @entity1 and from 28 in @entity740 stage 3 to 36  in @entity1 on dialysis therapy. The net cost per major @entity731 event avoided with @entity3413 plus @entity3709 compared to no LDL-lowering regimen ranged from   157,060 in @entity1 at low risk to   15,230 in those at high risk (  30,500-  39,600 per QALY); and from   47,280 in @entity740 stage 3 to   28,180 in @entity1 on dialysis therapy (  13,000-  43,300 per QALY). In scenario analyses, generic high-intensity statin regimens were estimated to yield similar benefits at substantially lower cost. LIMITATIONS: High-intensity statin-alone regimens were not studied in SHARP. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3413 plus @entity3709 prevented @entity731 events in SHARP, but other less costly statin regimens are likely to be more cost-effective for reducing cardiovascular risk in @entity740 .

title: Cost-effectiveness of @entity3413 plus XXXX for Cardiovascular Prevention in @entity740 : Results of the Study  of  Heart  and Renal Protection (SHARP).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['Simvastatin', 'simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity3709 :: ('MESH:C108606', 'Chemical') :: ['ezetimibe']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3709 :: (MESH:C108606,Chemical) :: ['Ezetimibe']


abstract: The mixed type of @entity157 and @entity201 is particularly rare. Hepatic resection was performed for two @entity1 with mixed @entity157 and @entity201 . In case 1, a 55-year-old Japanese @entity1 was found to have a @entity99 on ultrasonography. Since ultrasonically-guided needle biopsy revealed that the @entity5 was poorly differentiated @entity157 , the @entity1 underwent a limited hepatic resection. Histologic and immunohistochemical examination revealed that the @entity5 had elements of both @entity157 and @entity201 . Six months after surgery, the @entity1 died of systemic recurrences. In case 2, a 58-year-old @entity1 was found by ultrasonography to have a @entity99 occupying the entire right hepatic lobe. Computed tomography revealed that the @entity5 had a portal @entity5 thrombus. The diagnosis of @entity157 was made because of a markedly elevated serum @entity160 concentration, and a right hepatic lobectomy was performed. Histologic and immunohistochemical examination confirmed that the lesion was mixed hepatocellular and @entity201 . The @entity1 died of multiple recurrent @entity5 in the remnant liver 3 months after surgery. Surgical control of mixed @entity157 and @entity201 is difficult.

title: Surgically treated cases of mixed @entity157 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocellular carcinoma', 'cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma', 'combined hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic tumor']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Adhesion molecules are cell surface glycoproteins that are important in cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular matrix interactions. In the present study, we analyzed the adhesion molecules @entity2071 ( @entity2071 ), @entity4725 ( @entity4725 ), and @entity4105 ( @entity4105 ) in @entity1 @entity788 . METHODS: @entity2071 , @entity4725 , and @entity4105 were analyzed in 20 @entity788 specimens and 20 normal pancreatic tissues. mRNA expression encoding ICAM-, @entity4725 , and @entity4105 was assessed with Northern blot analysis. The distribution and localization of @entity2071 , @entity4725 , and @entity4105 was determined in the pancreatic specimens by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Northern blot analysis revealed a 5.4-fold increase of @entity2071 (P<0.01) and a 3.7-fold increase in @entity4725 (P<0.01) mRNA expression in @entity5 samples in comparison with normal controls. In contrast, @entity4105 mRNA levels did not show significant differences between the @entity5 and the normal tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis of @entity5 tissues showed strong immunostaining for @entity2071 and @entity4725 , and faint immunostaining for @entity4105 in the @entity788 cells. Fibrotic or noncancerous pancreatic tissue adjacent to the @entity5 mass was devoid of any immunoreactivity for @entity2071 , @entity4105 , and @entity4725 . In contrast, the normal pancreas exhibited no immunoreactivity of @entity2071 , @entity4105 , and @entity4725 . CONCLUSIONS: Enhanced expression of @entity2071 and @entity4725 in @entity1 @entity788 suggests a role in @entity5 pathogenesis. The increase of these adhesion molecules might influence the detachment of @entity5 cells in the @entity5 , might contribute to @entity5 cell migration and the spread of @entity5 cells to distant organs, or both.

title: Adhesion molecules in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancers']

entities_list: @entity4725 :: ('7412', 'Gene') :: ['vascular cell adhesion molecule-1', 'VCAM-1']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity4105 :: ('6401', 'Gene') :: ['endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1', 'ELAM-1']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Antibiotics suppress normal gut flora, allowing overgrowth of acquired or native @entity2718 , with release of toxins that cause @entity32 . Oral @entity868 is used to treat antibiotic-associated @entity1960 ( @entity8307 ). This study was designed to determine whether oral @entity868 , as part of preoperative bowel preparation, prevents or decreases incidence of antibiotic-associated @entity1960 after elective colonic and rectal procedures. METHODS: Eighty-two @entity1 (40 @entity1 ) were prospectively, randomly assigned to receive one of two oral antibiotic regimens before colorectal surgery. All @entity1 underwent mechanical bowel preparation with @entity968 -electrolyte lavage solution before administration of oral antibiotics. Group 1 (n = 42) @entity1 received three doses (1 g/dose) of @entity5154 and @entity2929 . Group 2 (n = 40) @entity1 received three doses (1 g/dose) of @entity5154 and @entity868 . Both groups received one preoperative and three postoperative doses of intravenous @entity12092 (2 g/dose). Both groups had stool samples tested for @entity2718 toxin in the preoperative and postoperative periods by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay or by tissue culture @entity137 . @entity1 with preoperative stool studies positive for @entity2718 were excluded from the study. RESULTS: Treatment groups were not different for age, gender, or surgical procedure. Mean age +/- 1 standard deviation was 67.6 +/- 13.6 (range, 34-94) years in Group 1 and 62.1 +/- 13.5 (range, 35-84) years in Group 2 (P = 0.069). Mean length of hospital stay +/- 1 standard deviation was 9.76 +/- 4.9 (range, 4-28) days for Group 1 and 8.05 +/- 2.6 (range, 3-14) days for Group 2 (P = 0.053). Five @entity1 in Group 1 ( @entity5154 and @entity2929 ) and one @entity1 in Group 2 ( @entity5154 and @entity868 ) had positive stool studies for @entity2718 . Relative risk of colonization with @entity2718 in Group 1 was 4.76 times that in Group 2 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.581, 39). This difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.202). There were no significant differences in @entity2718 colonization rates with respect to age, length of stay, or gender. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that there may be a clinical association between use of @entity868 preoperatively and inhibition of intestinal colonization by @entity2718 in this @entity1 population undergoing colonic and rectal surgery.

title: XXXX may inhibit intestinal colonization with @entity2718 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity8307 :: ('MESH:D004761', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomembranous colitis']

entities_list: @entity12092 :: ('MESH:D015313', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotetan']

entities_list: @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['neomycin']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['C. difficile', 'Clostridium difficile']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity868 :: (MESH:D008795,Chemical) :: ['Metronidazole']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A best evidence topic in cardiothoracic and vascular surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was whether endovascular treatment with multilayer flow modulator stents (MFMS) can be considered a safe alternative to open surgery for high-risk @entity1 with @entity2334 ( @entity2334 ). Altogether 27 papers were identified using the reported search, of which 11 represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The authors, journal, date and country of publication, @entity1 group studied, study type, relevant outcomes, results, and study limitations are tabulated. The outcomes of interest were all-cause survival, @entity439 -related survival, branch vessel patency and major adverse events. @entity439 -related survival exceeded 78% in almost all studies, with the exception of one where the MFMS was inserted outside the instructions for use. In that study the @entity439 -related survival was 28.9%. The branch vessel patency was higher than 95% in 10 studies and not reported in one. At 12-month follow-up, several studies showed a low incidence of major adverse events, including @entity64 , @entity451 and @entity1756 . We conclude that MFMS represent a suitable and safe treatment for high-risk @entity1 with @entity2334 maintaining branch vessel patency when used within their instructions for use. However, a number of limitations must be considered when interpreting this evidence, particularly the complete lack of randomised controlled trials (RCTs), short follow-up in all studies, and heterogeneity of the pathologies among the different populations studied. Further innovative developments are needed to improve MFMS safety, expand their instructions for use, and enhance their efficacy.

title: Is endovascular treatment with multilayer flow modulator stent insertion a safe alternative to open surgery for high-risk XXXX with @entity2334 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm', 'TAAA']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm', 'Aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm rupture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the influence of distinct clusters of @entity146 symptoms on subsequent cause-specific mortality in older @entity1 living in the community. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study over 7.5 years. SETTING: Otsuki-town, Kochi prefecture, Japan. @entity1 : Nine hundred eighty community-dwelling @entity1 , aged 65 to 84 in 1991. MEASUREMENTS: Psychiatric symptoms at baseline were measured using the 30-item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-30). A factor analysis was performed on the responses of all 980 subjects. The relationships between subscale scores on the identified factors and causes of @entity204 occurring over 7.5 years in 817 respondents with no physical disability at baseline were assessed using a proportional hazards model adjusted for age, gender, chronic conditions under treatment, regular physical activity, and availability of close or casual neighbors. RESULTS: The factor analysis identified three clusters of @entity146 symptoms: @entity308 , apathy/anergia, and @entity148 . In the proportional hazards model, which included three GHQ subscales depicting these factors simultaneously, the @entity308 subscale was associated with increased mortality from @entity66 (multivariate adjusted hazard ratio per unit increase in the standard score on the @entity308 subscale=2.04, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.17-3.55), and the apathy/anergia subscale was associated with increased mortality from noncancer and noncardiovascular causes (multivariate adjusted hazard ratio per unit increase in the standard score on the apathy/anergia subscale=1.71, 95% CI=1.25-2.34). The @entity148 subscale was not associated with any cause of @entity204 . CONCLUSION: @entity308 and symptoms indicating apathy/anergia have differential influences on subsequent causes of @entity204 in older @entity1 living in the community. Identification of specific @entity146 may contribute to the prevention of @entity204 from specific causes in older populations.

title: The differential influence of distinct clusters of @entity146 symptoms, as assessed by the general health questionnaire, on cause of @entity204 in older XXXX living in a rural community of Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'Depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric symptom clusters', 'psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: PURPOSE: Asymptomatic @entity1069 may cause increased @entity1486 in some @entity1 , leading to unnecessary repeat prostate biopsy. We determined whether histological findings of @entity32 in initial biopsy specimens and/or clinical indicators of @entity32 could predict the outcome of subsequent biopsy in @entity1 with a negative initial biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 105 Japanese @entity1 with increased @entity1486 underwent repeat prostate biopsy after initial biopsy revealed no evidence of @entity189 . Of the cases 45 (42.8%) were positive for @entity263 at repeat biopsy. We evaluated initial biopsy specimens for evidence of @entity32 by mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, serum and urinary white blood count, and C-reactive protein. RESULTS: Polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltrates, urinary white blood count, @entity1 age, @entity1486 at repeat biopsy, prostate volume, @entity1486 velocity and @entity1486 density were associated with the repeat biopsy outcome (p <0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that age, @entity1486 density and urinary white blood count were independent predictors of outcome. On subgroup analysis of 63 men with serum @entity1486 less than 10 ng/ml before initial biopsy polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leukocyte @entity32 , age, @entity1486 at repeat biopsy, prostate volume, @entity1486 velocity and @entity1486 density were associated with the outcome of repeat biopsy (p <0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltrate, @entity1486 density and age were independent predictors. CONCLUSIONS: Age, @entity1486 density, polymorphonuclear leukocyte @entity32 in initial biopsy specimens and urinary @entity4658 are indicators of benign repeat biopsy. They help avoid unnecessary repeat biopsy in @entity1 with increased @entity1486 .

title: XXXX detected in initial biopsy specimens and urinary @entity4658 are predictors of negative repeat prostate biopsy.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity1069 :: (MESH:D053448,Disease) :: ['Prostatic inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With increasing survival of @entity1 with more severe forms of @entity2914 ( @entity2914 ) and risk of long-term respiratory morbidity, studies on lung morphology are needed. We used hyperpolarised (3) He MRI and anatomical (1) H MRI in a cohort of young adult @entity2914 @entity1 to image regional lung ventilation and microstructure, focusing on morphological and @entity2526 . METHODS: Nine @entity1 with left-sided @entity2914 , born 1975-1993, were studied. Regional ventilation was imaged with hyperpolarised (3) He MRI, and the (3) He apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was computed separately for the ipsilateral and contralateral lungs. (1) H MRI was used to image lung anatomy, total lung volume and motion during free-breathing. RESULTS: (3) He MRI showed @entity854 in six @entity1 , ranging from a single ipsilateral ventilation defect (3 @entity1 ) to multiple ventilation defects in both lungs (one @entity1 treated with extra corporeal membrane oxygenation). In eight @entity1 , (3) He ADC values for the ipsilateral lung were significantly higher than those for the contralateral lung. CONCLUSIONS: Functional and micro-structural changes persist into adulthood in most @entity2914 @entity1 . Ipsilateral elevated (3) He ADC values are consistent with enlargement of mean dimensions of the confining lung micro-structure at the alveolar level. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:517-524.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Pulmonary ventilation and micro-structural findings in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['congenital diaphragmatic hernia', 'CDH']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['ventilation abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['micro-structural (alveolar) abnormalities']

answer: @entity2914 :: (MESH:D065630,Disease) :: ['congenital diaphragmatic hernia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although exposure to UV radiation is the major risk factor for @entity1489 , theoretical models suggest that radon exposure can contribute to risk, and this is supported by ecological studies. We sought to confirm or refute an association between long-term exposure to residential radon and the risk for @entity320 ( @entity320 ) and @entity1489 ( @entity1489 ) using a prospective cohort design and long-term residential radon exposure. METHODS: During 1993-1997, we recruited 57,053 Danish @entity1 and collected baseline information. We traced and geocoded all residential addresses of the cohort members and calculated radon concentrations at each address lived in from 1 January 1971 until censor date. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate incidence rate-ratios (IRR) and confidence intervals (CI) for the risk associated with radon exposure for @entity1489 and @entity320 , and effect modification was assessed. RESULTS: Over a mean follow-up of 13.6 years of 51,445 subjects, there were 3,243 cases of @entity1491 ( @entity1491 ), 317 cases of @entity957 ( @entity957 ) and 329 cases of @entity320 . The adjusted IRRs per 100 Bq/m3 increase in residential radon levels for @entity1491 , @entity957 and @entity320 were 1.14 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.27), 0.90 (95% CI: 0.70, 1.37) and 1.08 (95% CI: 0.77, 1.50), respectively. The association between radon exposure and @entity1491 was stronger among those with higher socio-economic status and those living in apartments at enrollment. CONCLUSION AND IMPACT: Long-term residential radon exposure may contribute to development of @entity1491 . We cannot exclude confounding from sunlight and cannot conclude on causality, as the relationship was stronger amongst @entity1 living in apartments and non-existent amongst those living in single detached homes.

title: Residential Radon Exposure and XXXX Incidence in a Prospective Danish Cohort.

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['non-melanoma skin cancer', 'NMSC', 'skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['MM', 'malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinoma', 'BCC', 'basal cell carcinoma of the skin']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['Skin Cancer']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To assess the resolution of @entity456 in @entity1 with @entity3254 ( @entity3254 ) during and after antituberculosis medication. DESIGN: An observational, prospective, longitudinal study. SETTING: University-affiliated general hospital in Seoul, Korea. @entity1 AND METHODS: Chest radiographs of 85 adult @entity3254 @entity1 were followed up prospectively from diagnosis to 24 months after the start of medication. The extent of @entity456 , synonymous with the radiographic term, @entity231 ( @entity231 ), was evaluated at regular intervals according to a size scale. Additionally, following completion of 6 months of therapy, residual @entity231 (RPO) was determined by either measurement of the widest width of the opacity, if loculated, or at the superior level of the hemidiaphragm. RESULTS: Seventy-seven @entity1 had a @entity231 graded > or = 2 at the initial presentation. At 6, 9, and 24 months, the number of @entity1 with these grades declined. At these time periods, there were 14, 8, and 7 @entity1 , respectively, remaining with this classification. RPO > 10 mm at 24 months was considered indicative of significant residual @entity456 . During the period after 6 months of antituberculosis medication, the number of @entity1 with RPO > or = 10 mm declined from 43 @entity1 at 6 months to 21 @entity1 at 24 months. The presence of loculation on an initial chest decubitus view was associated with significant RPO at 24 months (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION: In @entity3254 @entity1 , improvement of RPO often occurred even after completion of 6 months of antituberculosis medication up to 24 months. A loculated @entity231 at initial presentation, but not initial @entity231 size, was a predictor of significant RPO at 24 months.

title: Resolution of residual @entity456 according to time course in XXXX during and after the termination of antituberculosis medication.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3254 :: ('MESH:D014396', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous pleurisy', 'TP']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['pleural opacity', 'PO']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural disease']

answer: @entity3254 :: (MESH:D014396,Disease) :: ['tuberculous pleurisy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have shown previously that hemorrhagic @entity551 is associated with a progressive development of vascular hyporeactivity to @entity1063 (NE). The present study investigated whether select crystalloid or colloid resuscitation fluids would ameliorate this effect. METHOD: Anesthetized male @entity35 were hemorrhaged to and maintained at a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 50 mm Hg for 60 minutes. @entity35 (n = 7 per group) were then resuscitated with lactated Ringer's (LR), 7.5% hypertonic saline (HS) for 1 hour followed by LR (HS-LR), Hespan, or Hextend to restore and maintain MAP to 70 mm Hg over 4 hours. Additional hemorrhaged groups were resuscitated with LR to the baseline MAP (LR-BL) or received no resuscitation. A sham @entity548 group served as controls. The responses of MAP and the blood flow of the superior mesenteric, celiac, left renal, and left femoral arteries to NE (3 microg/kg administered intravenously) were measured at BL (prehemorrhage); at the end of the @entity551 period; and at 1, 2, and 4 hours after resuscitation. RESULTS: @entity551 significantly (p < 0.01) reduced the NE-induced pressor response in MAP and significantly reduced the contractile responses (reflected by the @entity551 after NE administration) of the four arteries to NE. Hespan and Hextend infusion improved the NE response of MAP and the contractile responses of the observed arteries to NE significantly better than LR, HS-LR, or LR-BL. The colloids improved the vascular contractile responses to NE in the superior mesenteric and left femoral arteries and the pressor response of MAP to NE, to 80% to 90% of their basal response level compared with 40% to 60% with the crystalloid fluids (p < 0.05). LR-BL infusion resulted in hemodilution, with no added benefit to vascular responsiveness. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that @entity551 resuscitation to 70 mm Hg with colloids was better than crystalloids in improving vascular responsiveness to the pressor effects of NE and required smaller volumes. Normotensive resuscitation with LR was not better than @entity551 resuscitation. Not all vasculatures improved equally after fluid resuscitation.

title: Effects of crystalloid and colloid resuscitation on @entity548 -induced vascular hyporesponsiveness to @entity1063 in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of blood flow', 'Hemorrhagic hypotension', 'hypotensive', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity191 ( @entity191 ) is a @entity66 caused by both genetic and environmental factors. @entity8095 is of particular interest in @entity191 since it is a major component of Lewy bodies and mutations in the @entity8095 gene were identified in familial @entity191 . Oxidative stress and @entity409 are implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity191 but their interactions as well as their effect on aggregates formation are not yet clear. We therefore examined the roles of oxidative stress and proteasomal inhibition on protein aggregates induction in na  ve and neuronally differentiated @entity521 SH-SY5Y cells. @entity521 cells were stably transfected with @entity164 ( @entity164 ) and @entity20098 mutant @entity8095 . Na  ve and transfected cells were exposed to oxidative stress induced by @entity3788 , SIN-I, @entity37962 and to proteasomal inhibition by @entity16628 . Proteasomal inhibition caused a dose-dependent decrease in viability and induced protein aggregates formation containing @entity8095 and ubiquitin. Proteasomal inhibition induced significantly increased @entity8095 aggregation in cells expressing mutant @entity8095 . Exposure to reactive @entity26 species (ROS) combined with proteasomal inhibition increased aggregates formation. Inclusion body formation and cell death of differentiated @entity521 cells overexpressing @entity8095 can serve as a valuable model for elucidating the molecular components that cause @entity179 in @entity191 as well as evaluating pharmacological interventions.

title: Proteasomal inhibition hypersensitizes differentiated XXXX cells to oxidative damage.

entities_list: @entity8095 :: ('6622', 'Gene') :: ['Alpha-synuclein', 'alpha-synuclein']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multifactorial disease']

entities_list: @entity3788 :: ('MESH:D012402', 'Chemical') :: ['rotenone']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['proteasomal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma', 'Neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity16628 :: ('MESH:C067713', 'Chemical') :: ['lactacystin']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: A self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) for enhancement of oral absorption of a poor water-soluble drug, @entity70242 (ARE), is reported. Solubility of ARE was determined in various vehicles. SMEDDS consisted of a mixture of oils, surfactants, and cosurfactants that were emulsified in an aqueous medium under the gentle agitation and digestive motility. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were used to identify the efficient self-emulsification regions. The particle size distribution of the resulting microemulsions was determined using a laser scatter particle size analyzer (LSPSA). The optimized SMEDDS formulations containing @entity32441 (20%), @entity9266 (60%), and @entity968 (20%) were tested for in vitro dissolution. The percentage of ARE released from the SMEDDS was significantly higher than that from the conventional tablets. Oral bioavailability of ARE in the SMEDDS via the hard capsules and the conventional tablets was evaluated in fasted @entity235 . The bioavailability of ARE formulated in SMEDDS showed approximately 4.8-fold higher bioavailability than that in the conventional tablets. The results indicated that SMEDDS is potentially a good drug delivery system for oral delivery of the hydrophobic compound ARE.

title: Development of self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems for oral bioavailability enhancement of XXXX in @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity32441 :: ('MESH:C033180', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethyl oleate']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['beagle dogs']

entities_list: @entity70242 :: ('MESH:C012195', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-Asarone']

answer: @entity70242 :: (MESH:C012195,Chemical) :: ['alpha-Asarone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to play important roles in the diagnosis and prognosis of @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ), and they are useful in developing targeted therapies. However, there have been no studies on the existence of racial differences in miRNAs expression that could explain differential overall survival of @entity3557 @entity1 . Expression analysis of miRNAs in major racial groups would be important for optimizing personalized treatment strategies. In the current study, we assessed the differential expression of 8 miRNAs between normal and @entity5 tissues, and also assessed racial differences between African American (AA) and @entity7593 ( @entity7593 ). METHODS: First, the miRNA expression profiling was performed using @entity406 -fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue sections of @entity5 containing over 70% @entity5 cells. Normal and @entity5 sections of thyroid tissues were studied from AA and @entity7593 @entity1 . The miRNA microarray profiling was done using miRBase version 18 (LC Sciences, Houston, TX, USA). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to validate expression of 8 selected miRNAs. RESULTS: Ingenuity pathway analysis showed involvement of target genes, such as Ras and NF-kB. Deregulated miRNAs such as @entity494 and @entity15742 were found to be statistically significant between the two races. Using qRT-PCR, we found that @entity10017 , @entity38113 , @entity494 , @entity10074 , @entity15742 , and @entity8914 were up-regulated while miR-138 and @entity40688 were down-regulated in @entity5 compared to normal tissues. CONCLUSION: Though sample size was small, we found several deregulated miRNAs having racial differences. The differential expression of miRNAs suggest that these miRNAs and their target genes could be useful to gain further mechanistic insight of @entity3557 and their clinical implications, including miRNA replacement therapy or their knockdown strategies.

title: Differential Expression of MicroRNAs in XXXX and Their Role in Racial Disparity.

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['PTC', 'papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7593 :: ('MESH:D006478', 'Disease') :: ['CA', 'Caucasian American']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Worldwide, millions of @entity1 are treated each year for significant @entity542 . A substantial proportion die, and many more are disabled. If short term corticosteroid infusion could be reliably shown to reduce these risks by just a few percent then this might affect the treatment of a few hundred thousand @entity1 a year, protecting thousands from @entity204 or long term disability. STUDY DESIGN: @entity4445 is a large simple, placebo-controlled trial of the effects of a 48-hour infusion of @entity288 on @entity204 and on @entity16 , among adults with @entity542 and some @entity1662 . Head injured @entity1 with @entity1662 who are judged to be 16 years or older are eligible if the responsible doctor is, for any reason, substantially uncertain whether or not to use @entity288 . ORGANISATION: The @entity4445 trial will determine reliably the effects on @entity204 and disability of a short corticosteroid infusion following significant @entity542 . To detect or refute improvements of only a few percent in outcome, many thousands of acute @entity542 @entity1 must be randomised between control and @entity134 infusions. Such large numbers will be possible only if hundreds of doctors and nurses can collaborate in the participating emergency departments. Since they are busy, and working in emergency situations, the trial involves them in almost no extra work: no special investigations or changes to usual management are required, and data collection is absolutely minimal. The trial is on-going and new collaborators are welcome. Further information about the trial is available at http://www. @entity4445 .lshtm.ac.uk

title: The XXXX trial protocol (Corticosteroid randomisation after significant @entity542 ) [ISRCTN74459797].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disability']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of consciousness', 'impaired consciousness']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity4445 :: (80150,Gene) :: ['CRASH']


abstract: The simultaneous management of @entity726 and @entity2687 is sometimes required in @entity1 with severe @entity10064 if timely visual rehabilitation is to be achieved. A 1-month-old female @entity1 presented with an enlarged, protuberant, opaque @entity267 in each eye and @entity2790 . An intrastromal, fluid-filled cleft was noted in both corneas. It resolved over 3 weeks as corneal scarring progressed. Peripheral corneal clearing allowed a view of an essentially normal anterior chamber. Penetrating keratoplasty and Ahmed (New World Medical Inc., Rancho Cucamonga, CA) valve implant surgery with @entity1138 were performed simultaneously in the two eyes 1 months apart. At 15 months of age, the @entity1 's grafts were clear and the intraocular pressure was well controlled in both eyes. One eye required multiple procedures for @entity726 control. No postoperative overfiltration occurred. The authors conclude that the use of a valved implant should be considered in @entity1 who require urgent simultaneous corneal and @entity726 surgery for severe @entity10064 . This combination may improve early postoperative control of aqueous outflow and positively affect long-term graft survival in these difficult cases.

title: Penetrating keratoplasty with a valved @entity726 drainage implant for XXXX and corneal scarring secondary to hydrops.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin-C']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'eventual glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['elevated intraocular pressure']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal opacification']

entities_list: @entity10064 :: ('MESH:C565547', 'Disease') :: ['congenital glaucoma']

answer: @entity10064 :: (MESH:C565547,Disease) :: ['congenital glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exercise during chemotherapy is a promising strategy to reduce fatigue and improve health-related quality of life (HRQoL). It has been shown to be feasible and @entity5 , including @entity5 . Effects of physical activity have never been explored in advanced @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ). We aim to evaluate the effects of an exercise intervention in this setting. METHODS: This randomized, national, multicenter, interventional study will examine the effectiveness of an unsupervised, home-based, 16-week adapted physical activity (APA) program. Specificities of advanced @entity1124 for the implementation of the APA program will be taken into account (healthy volunteer as physical activity partner instead of @entity1 groups, nutritional management). The main inclusion criteria are: @entity1 with histologically confirmed, unresectable @entity1124 ; scheduled for chemotherapy; performance status 0-2; age   >=    18; and physical activity partner. In total, 200 @entity1 will be randomized into either the APA program (aerobic and resistance exercises) in addition to usual care (including chemotherapy at the investigator's choice), or usual care. The primary objective will be the effect on fatigue (Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, MFI-20) and HRQoL (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer-Quality of Life-C30 questionnaire, EORTC-QLQ-C30; co-primary endpoint) at week 16. As secondary objectives, the effects of the exercise intervention on @entity158 , @entity148 , @entity308 , nutritional status, insulin resistance, tolerance of chemotherapy, survival, and adherence to the APA program will be evaluated. DISCUSSION: @entity1 with advanced @entity1124 are strongly affected by fatigue, and are thus likely to benefit from an exercise intervention. Moreover, exercise may have a potential beneficial effect on @entity5 outcome by reducing @entity442 ) secretion. However, an exercise intervention may appear challenging due to multiple @entity1124 -related symptoms such as fatigue, @entity308 , @entity158 , and denutrition. We hypothesize that an APA program taking into account specific characteristics of @entity1124 may improve symptoms and HRQoL. If demonstrated to be feasible and effective, such APA programs will be systematically proposed to @entity1 with advanced @entity1124 in addition to usual care. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrial.gov REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02184663 ; Registration date: 2 July 2014.

title: Rationale and design of the Adapted Physical Activity in advanced Pancreatic Cancer XXXX (APACaP) GERCOR (Groupe Coop  rateur Multidisciplinaire en Oncologie) trial: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['PDAC', 'pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'advanced-stage cancers', 'efficient in various cancers']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin resistance and insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the role substance @entity10133 ) plays in @entity1069 , we evaluated SP immunoreactivity within the spinal cord after irritation of the prostate. Because alpha-adrenergic blockade attenuates nociceptor-induced @entity158 , the effects of an alpha-adrenergic blocker on SP immunoreactivity were also evaluated. SP is considered a mediator of nociception in the spinal cord. Immunoreactivity of SP is enhanced after acute chemical stimulation of somata. METHODS: @entity35 received chemical irritation of the prostate with or without pretreatment with @entity9940 . They were killed after 1 hour, and immunohistochemical staining for SP was performed. SP immunoreactive areas were quantified in the dorsal spinal cord of the L5 to S2 segments. RESULTS: Chemical irritation of the prostate increased SP immunoreactive areas in the L6 to S2 segments. Enhancement was observed in the whole dorsal spinal cord regions. This enhancement was significantly attenuated by @entity9940 in the L6 and S1 segments. CONCLUSIONS: SP probably plays a significant role in mediating nociceptive processing from the prostate. @entity9940 can attenuate nociception-induced SP upregulation within the spinal cord.

title: Spinal substance P immunoreactivity is enhanced by acute chemical stimulation of the XXXX prostate.

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity9940 :: ('MESH:C088482', 'Chemical') :: ['Tamsulosin', 'tamsulosin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Atrial septostomy is essential for palliation of some complex @entity154 , such as @entity3886 and left-/right-sided @entity849 or @entity1146 . Conventionally, balloon @entity955 is done in neonates. Beyond the neonatal period, surgical septostomy is done using cardiopulmonary bypass and can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. We report a new technique of @entity955 without cardiopulmonary bypass and its follow-up. METHODS: Eleven cases underwent @entity955 without using cardiopulmonary bypass from January 2009 to June 2010. Median age of @entity1 was 7 months (2-12 months) and median weight was 6.3 kg (range 4.5-10 kg). Surgical septostomy was performed through the right atrial appendage with a @entity29228 's dilator, aided by intra-operative transesophageal echocardiography. @entity118 ( @entity118 ) less than 5mm was enlarged with a Kerrison bone punch and then dilated with a @entity29228 's dilator. Associate procedures performed were off-pump Glenn in seven cases, pulmonary artery (PA) banding in three cases, and shunt with PA band in one case. RESULTS: All the restricted ASDs were successfully enlarged with adequate interatrial shunting without any gradient. Echocardiography revealed no evidence of introduction of air or particulate emboli, and no tricuspid @entity340 or @entity616 . There was no postoperative mortality. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 18 months (median 11 months). Echocardiography showed good PA band gradient/well-functioning Glenn shunt and unobstructed @entity118 with good @entity26 saturation. CONCLUSIONS: This technique demonstrates the surgical feasibility of a beating-heart @entity955 . It avoids the adverse effects of cardiopulmonary bypass, reduces morbidity, and has no mortality. It is safe, economical, and easily reproducible. To our knowledge, this technique has not been reported in literature so far.

title: New technique of off-pump XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cardiac anomalies']

entities_list: @entity3886 :: ('MESH:D014188', 'Disease') :: ['transposition of the great arteries']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular valve stenosis']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septostomy']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial septal defect', 'ASD']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve injury']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['atrial septostomy for complex congenital cardiac anomalies']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To carry out a prospective evaluation of @entity927 ( @entity928 ) use in @entity130 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity928 was introduced to all emergency ambulances and emergency departments in the South West, UK, on 1 December 2011. We carried out a prospective evaluation of @entity928 use in @entity130 @entity1 in the South West Peninsula between December 2011 and December 2012. We collected prehospital and hospital data on @entity928 administration using the Trauma Audit Research Network database. Data on prehospital administration of @entity928 were cross-checked with the South Western Ambulance Service Trust. Data were analysed using SPSS (version 20). RESULTS: Altogether, 82 @entity1 were administered @entity928 during the study period. The median age of the @entity1 was 49 years (IQR 30, 66), and 72% were @entity1 . One-third of the @entity1 arrived at hospital by air ambulance. During the first 3 months, administration of @entity928 was limited to one @entity1 each month receiving the drug. However, an upward trend was observed after June until October 2012, with the increment being more than 10 fold in July, September and October 2012. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to evaluate the use of @entity928 in civilian practice in the UK. Our study shows that ambulance service personnel and emergency departments can effectively administer @entity928 .

title: @entity927 in major XXXX : implementation and evaluation across South West England.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: A tubular gelatin scaffold for the time-dependent controlled release of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) was fabricated. EGF was incorporated using silk fibroin carriers, and @entity1139 was planted using @entity1989 ( @entity1989 ) microspheres. The relationship between scaffold properties and crosslinking degrees was evaluated. As the crosslinking degree was increased from 23.7% to 65.3%, the mechanical properties of the scaffold obviously improved, and the compressive modulus increased to approximately 65kPa. The mass degradation of the scaffold was also controlled from 9 days to approximately 1 month. In vitro release tests indicated that the scaffold mainly released EGF in the early period and @entity1139 in the later period. Urethral epithelial cells (UECs) and urethral scar derived fibroblast cells (UFCs) were coseeded in the scaffold at a ratio of 1:1. After 9 days of coculture, immunostaining results displayed that the proportion of UECs continuously increased to approximately 71%. These changes in cell proportion were confirmed by the results of Western blot analysis. Therefore, the scaffold promoted the growth but inhibited the regeneration of UFCs. This scaffold for time-dependent controlled release of multiple biofactors may be potentially useful in urethral reconstruction and other tissue engineering studies.

title: A tubular gelatin scaffold capable of the time-dependent controlled release of epidermal growth factor and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity1989 :: ('CHEBI:60159', 'Chemical') :: ['polylactide', 'PLA']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most @entity1 with @entity1653 ( @entity1653 ) present with visual symptoms mimicking a @entity4611 . Accurate preoperative differentiation is important because @entity1653 requires a craniotomy, whereas the transsphenoidal route is preferred for removal of most pituitary macroadenomas. METHODS: From 1989 to 1994, five @entity1 with @entity1653 were treated at Taichung Veterans General Hospital. All were female, ranging in age from 20 to 60 years. This paper is a retrospective review of clinical features, diagnostic methods, treatment and postoperative visual recovery. RESULTS: The most common symptom, with a duration of one month to two years, was asymmetrical @entity227 . Abnormal endocrine levels were found in one @entity1 (prolactin: 47.91 ng/ml). Another @entity1 was misdiagnosed as having a @entity977 by coronal view computed tomography (CT) and underwent a transsphenoidal operation. Later, an accurate diagnosis was made using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). She then underwent another operation--unilateral subfrontal craniotomy with @entity5 . The other @entity1 were preoperatively diagnosed as having @entity1653 by MRI. They also underwent unilateral subfrontal craniotomy with @entity5 . All @entity1 showed good visual improvement after their operation. The extent of visual improvement was closely related to the duration of preoperative @entity227 . There was no @entity5 recurrence after a follow-up period of six months to five years (mean, two years and six months). CONCLUSIONS: It should be emphasized that the diagnosis of @entity1653 must first be based on clinical symptoms and signs, or " @entity751 ". It can be accurately diagnosed preoperatively by sagittal view MRI. Early diagnosis will increase the chances of a good postoperative visual outcome.

title: Tuberculum XXXX : clinical manifestation, radiologic diagnosis, surgery and visual outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'total removal of the tumor', 'total removal of tumor']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary macroadenoma']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma', 'tuberculum sellae meningioma', 'TSM']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['chiasma-syndrome']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['sellae meningiomas']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Our aim was to examine the association of White's classification with obstetric and perinatal risk factors and outcomes in type 1 @entity6 @entity1 . METHODS: Obstetric records of a population-based cohort of 1,094 consecutive type 1 @entity6 @entity1 with a singleton childbirth during 1988-2011 were studied. The most recent childbirth of each @entity1 was included. RESULTS: The prepregnancy and the first trimester HbA1c increased from White's class B to F (p for trend <0.001). @entity551 and @entity1468 frequencies increased stepwise from class B to F (p for trends <0.001). Vaginal deliveries decreased and Caesarean sections and deliveries before 37  weeks increased from class B to F (p for trends <0.001). @entity8455 (p for trend   =   0.003) decreased and small-for-gestational age @entity1 (p for trend   =   0.002) and neonatal intensive care unit admissions (p for trend   =   0.001) increased from class B to F. In logistic regression analysis, White's classes were associated with @entity1468 but, with the exception of class R ( @entity989 ) and F ( @entity8 ), not with other adverse outcomes when adjusted for first trimester HbA1c >= 7% (>= 53  mmol/mol) and blood pressure >= 140/90  mmHg. First trimester HbA1c >= 7% was associated with @entity1468 , @entity3152 , fetal @entity8455 and neonatal intensive care unit admission. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: White's classification is useful in estimating the risk of @entity1468 in early pregnancy independently of suboptimal glycaemic control and @entity101 . However, its utility in predicting adverse perinatal outcomes seems limited when information on first trimester HbA1c, blood pressure and @entity2412 is available.

title: White's classification and pregnancy outcome in @entity1 with type 1 XXXX : a population-based cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic microvascular complications']

entities_list: @entity8455 :: ('MESH:D005320', 'Disease') :: ['macrosomia', 'Fetal macrosomia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Systolic and diastolic blood pressure']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The selection of the optimal method for assessing renal function relies on the accuracy of the technique. Plasma clearance of nonradioactive @entity1496 contrast media (i.e., @entity6111 or @entity16940 ) has been suggested as a reliable alternative to the renal clearance of inulin for estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The accuracy of this method when used with critically ill @entity1 displaying different levels of renal function in an @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) has not, until now, been examined. DESIGN: The accuracy of double- and multiple-point @entity6111 or @entity16940 plasma clearances was compared with that of already established techniques for measuring GFR ( @entity1011 clearance, formula clearance by Cockcroft and Gault) and with that of inulin clearance, which is regarded as the gold standard for the measurement of GFR. @entity1 : Values were obtained from 31 @entity1213 @entity1 who exhibited a wide range of renal function (serum @entity1011 : 0.6-6.7 mg/dL). MEASUREMENTS: Inulin clearance was performed using the constant-infusion technique. @entity1011 clearance was determined from 24-hr urine samples. The clearance formula was calculated according to Cockcroft and Gault's formula. @entity6111 or @entity16940 were applied as a single intravenous dose, and blood samples were taken up to 6 hrs after the injection. @entity1496 concentrations were determined by radiographic fluorescence. RESULTS: Plasma clearance of @entity6111 / @entity16940 measured after the single injection of contrast media and that of the conventional inulin clearance was almost identical (y = 0.971x + 7.65, r2 =.96; n = 31). Two-point clearance of @entity6111 / @entity16940 (double sampling technique) was as reliable as the three-point clearance (three-slope-intercept method, y = 0.995x + 0.62, r2 =.999; n = 18). With respect to inulin clearance, GFR measurements determined by @entity1011 clearance or according to the formula given by Cockcroft and Gault revealed errors that increased proportionally (y = 1.03x, r2 =.88; n = 27; and y = 0.93x, r2 =.62; n = 31, respectively). It could also be shown that the accuracy of GFR measurements involving plasma clearance of @entity6111 was not greatly affected by the degree of @entity177 or the route by which contrast media were applied. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that the determination of plasma clearance of @entity6111 / @entity16940 is a simple, rapid, and accurate method that can indeed be used for estimating GFR in @entity1213 @entity1 with normal renal function or even different degrees of @entity177 .

title: Plasma clearance of XXXX contrast media as a measure of glomerular filtration rate in critically ill @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1496 :: ('MESH:D007455', 'Chemical') :: ['iodine', 'Iodine']

entities_list: @entity16940 :: ('MESH:C038192', 'Chemical') :: ['iopromide']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['intensive care unit', 'ICU']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatinine', 'creatinine']

entities_list: @entity6111 :: ('MESH:D007472', 'Chemical') :: ['Iohexol', 'iohexol']

answer: @entity1496 :: (MESH:D007455,Chemical) :: ['iodine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal management of @entity1455 ( @entity1455 ) occurring in the presence of @entity1187 , severe @entity472 , and poor left ventricular function has not been established. Recently, the availability of new assistance devices and techniques has provided novel management opportunities. In particular, when compared with surgical approaches, percutaneous procedures have the advantage of allowing "staged" interventions, in which different steps are planned according to the @entity1 's evolving clinical conditions. CASE PRESENTATION: A @entity1 was admitted with an @entity1187 complicated by @entity1455 on a background of severe @entity472 , severe @entity1002 , and severe @entity1095 . We successfully treated her with emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to left main stem followed by @entity2333 ( @entity2333 ). After @entity2333 , acute @entity337 developed with @entity2459 . In such a catastrophic setting, we successfully achieved immediate stabilization by implantation of an Impella @entity2723 device (Abiomed). After 1 day of Impella @entity2723 assistance, we successfully performed elective transfemoral aortic revalving through the same femoral access by facilitating device crossing and hemostasis with transradial balloon peripheral angioplasty and by practicing a novel technique we called "pump rewiring." CONCLUSION: This case example demonstrates how a tailored step-by-step strategy including PCI, @entity2333 , peripheral angioplasty, percutaneous ventricular assistance, and transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) allowed the successful treatment of a critical @entity1 with @entity1455 . Impella @entity2723 could be considered an effective bridge to TAVI in @entity1 developing @entity337 after @entity2333 , since maintaining arterial access can be achieved using the pump-rewiring technique.

title: Bail-Out Use of Impella XXXX as a Bridge to TAVI in a @entity1455 @entity1 : The "Pump-Rewiring" Technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome', 'acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['calcific peripheral artery disease']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['balloon aortic valvuloplasty', 'BAV']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['CS', 'cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2459 :: ('MESH:D003639', 'Disease') :: ['sudden hemodynamic collapse']

answer: @entity2723 :: (MESH:C566991,Disease) :: ['CP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity158 is a common postoperative symptom, and length of hospital stay after surgery is short which highlights the importance of @entity158 assessments. Experiences of assessing @entity158 are mainly described from the perspective of nurses. In postoperative care, enrolled nurses and physicians also assess @entity158 . It is therefore important to take note of their experiences to improve @entity282 assessments. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was, through considering critical incidents, to describe care experiences and actions taken by healthcare professionals when assessing @entity282 . METHODS: An explorative design employing critical incidents technique analysis was used. A total of 24 strategically selected enrolled nurses, nurses and physicians employed at orthopaedic or general surgery wards in four Swedish hospitals were interviewed. The intention was to reach variation in age, sex, profession and professional experience. FINDINGS: In @entity158 assessments, @entity1 -related facilitators were @entity1 ' verbal and emotional expressions including @entity158 ratings, while lack of consistency with observed behaviours was a barrier. Clinical competence, continuity in care and time were healthcare-related facilitators. The actions healthcare professionals took were gathering facts about @entity1 ' @entity158 manifestations and adapting to @entity1 ' communication abilities. @entity1 observations, either passive or active were used to confirm or detect @entity158 . Collaboration between healthcare professionals, including consultations with @entity158 experts, social workers and relatives, strengthened understanding of @entity158 . CONCLUSIONS: Communication skills and working conditions have an impact on performance of @entity158 assessment. @entity1 comfort without compromising safety is reached by including healthcare professionals' dissimilar responsibilities when collecting @entity1 ' and relatives' perspectives on current @entity158 .

title: Healthcare professionals' descriptions of care experiences and actions when assessing XXXX - a critical incident technique analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: SUMMARY: Plastic and cosmetic surgery is often performed as an ambulatory procedure, and @entity158 is often mild to moderate. @entity158 relief is central to @entity1 comfort and satisfaction. Analgesics used should ensure rapid onset and adequate @entity158 relief lasting a sufficiently long duration with minimal or no side effects. @entity1443 is well tolerated by @entity1 , efficacious, and associated with only minor side effects, when used in the minimal effective doses. @entity32 ( @entity32 ) are more efficacious, having lower numbers needed to treat compared with @entity1443 , but have several side effects and contraindications. However, when used in the correct doses in healthy @entity1 , @entity32 are excellent for @entity158 management with one caveat that there is an increased risk for oozing or @entity548 . In contrast, cyclooxygenase inhibitors (Coxibs) are equally efficacious as @entity32 but have the added advantage that they have minimal or no effect on platelet function, and therefore, the risk for @entity548 complications is minimal. However, there has been some concern about the risk of vascular events in @entity1 with @entity741 , specifically when using Coxibs, but even some @entity32 , for example, diclofenac. In conclusion, @entity1443 should be given postoperatively to all @entity1 undergoing plastic surgical procedures. For @entity1 undergoing moderately invasive surgery, the addition of Coxibs to @entity1443 would be an advantage except in the @entity1 with @entity741 where @entity32 could have a place in management of @entity158 . Side effects and contraindications of @entity32 , however, restrict their use to the healthy @entity1 with mild comorbidities.

title: XXXX , nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitors: an update.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['NSAIDs', 'Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Good pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen', 'Acetaminophen']

answer: @entity1443 :: (MESH:D000082,Chemical) :: ['Acetaminophen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1726 is associated with a variety of @entity25 . The @entity935 agonists (DA) @entity399 and @entity25049 were recently implicated in causing " @entity25 " and motor vehicle accidents. METHODS: In order to determine the overall rate of subjective @entity25 in @entity1726 and to determine if any factors, including specific medications, correlate with sleep pathology, the authors surveyed consecutive @entity1 with @entity1726 seen over a 3-month period in a @entity717 Clinic. The authors collected demographic and medication data, and the @entity1 completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), questions assessing the presence of @entity4531 ( @entity4531 ), a modified National Sleep Foundation sleep survey, and specific questions regarding falling asleep while driving. RESULTS: A total of 320 @entity1 completed the questionnaire. The authors eliminated 17, six for incomplete data and 11 for having a primary diagnosis other than @entity1726 . The mean age of the remaining 303 @entity1 was 67.1 +/- 10.7 years, and the mean duration of @entity1726 was 9.1 +/- 5.7 years. The ESS scores averaged 11.1 +/- 5.9, and in 50.2% of @entity1 the score was abnormally high (>10). Stepwise regression analysis found that sleepiness correlated with longer duration of @entity1726 (p < 0.001), more advanced @entity1726 (p < 0.004), male sex (p < 0.001), and the use of any DA (p < 0.003). The soporific effects of the three most common DA ( @entity399 , @entity25049 , and @entity4088 ) were similar. Falling asleep while driving was reported by 63/279 (22.6%) of current drivers and correlated with higher ESS scores (p < 0.05). Other @entity25 , including @entity4531 , were also frequently reported. CONCLUSION: @entity25 is common in @entity1726 and correlates with more advanced and longer duration of @entity1726 , and male sex. The DA were also independently associated with @entity25 , but in this group, no single DA was more culpable than the others.

title: XXXX and other @entity25 in Parkinson's disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity25049 :: ('MESH:C046649', 'Chemical') :: ['ropinirole']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity4088 :: ('MESH:D010479', 'Chemical') :: ['pergolide']

entities_list: @entity4531 :: ('MESH:D012148', 'Disease') :: ['restless legs syndrome', 'RLS']

entities_list: @entity399 :: ('MESH:C061333', 'Chemical') :: ['pramipexole']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Movement Disorders']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorders', 'Daytime sleepiness', 'daytime sleepiness', 'sleep problems', 'sleep attacks']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['Daytime sleepiness']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe intentional placement of intraocular lens haptics in the ciliary sulcus of @entity1 with @entity1596 who are at high risk for @entity86 . METHODS: We reviewed our experience with 16 eyes of 12 @entity1 with @entity1596 who underwent @entity231 surgery with ciliary sulcus fixation of intraocular lenses. @entity1 were followed for a median of 16.5 months (range, 9 to 44 months) after surgery. We evaluated eyes for surgical technique and the following preoperative and postoperative factors: best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, anterior chamber cells, and posterior @entity5862 . The following additional postoperative factors were sought: lens dislocation, lens edge capture, and evidence of pigment dispersion. RESULTS: @entity5862 were present in 13 eyes before surgery; postoperative posterior @entity5862 developed in only three of these eyes. These adhesions resulted in lens edge capture in one eye and limited lens decentration in another. Scant pigment was present on the lens optic or in the anterior chamber, suggesting pigment dispersion, in four eyes. We found no evidence of consistently increased anterior segment @entity32 or intraocular pressure after surgery when compared with preoperative levels for this group of @entity1 . Postoperative posterior @entity5862 were seen more often in eyes that had can-opener anterior capsulotomy than in eyes that had continuous, curvilinear capsulorhexis (P = .036). CONCLUSIONS: Ciliary sulcus fixation allows the intraocular lens to serve as a physical barrier between the iris and the lens capsule remnants. This technique may be useful for reducing the risk of postoperative posterior @entity5862 in @entity1 with @entity1596 without increasing the risk of other postoperative problems.

title: @entity231 surgery with ciliary sulcus fixation of intraocular lenses in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative posterior synechiae and lens dislocation']

entities_list: @entity5862 :: ('MESH:D006175', 'Disease') :: ['synechiae', 'Posterior synechiae']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare immunologic graft rejection in adult and 3-week-old immature recipients in the @entity35 keratoplasty model. METHODS: Forty orthotopic penetrating keratoplasties were performed in four different donor-recipient combinations. Group 1 consisted of adult Fisher donors and adult Lewis recipients, group 2 consisted of adult Fisher donors and immature Lewis recipients, group 3 consisted of adult Lewis donors and recipients, and group 4 consisted of adult Lewis donors and immature Lewis recipients. An immunohistologic evaluation of the grafts was performed on day 14. RESULTS: Grafts in both allogeneic groups (groups 1 and 2) showed infiltration with @entity11264 + cells, CD8+ cells, natural killer (NK) cells, @entity1590 + cells. The density of infiltrating @entity11264 +, CD8+, interleukin-2-receptor+, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1+ cells in the graft stroma, however, was statistically significantly lower in the immature group (group 2) than in the adult group (group 1). The density of CD161+ NK cells, in contrast, was statistically significantly higher in the immature group than in the adult group. There were no or only a few infiltrating inflammatory cells in grafts of both syngeneic groups (groups 3 and 4). CONCLUSIONS: We were able to establish for the first time an animal model for keratoplasty in @entity1 that showed that the mechanism of graft rejection in young recipients seems to be different from that in mature @entity35 . In adult recipients, alloreactive T cells are the main mediators of rejection, whereas NK cells seem to play a more dominant role in immature recipients.

title: Differential contribution of natural killer cells to corneal graft rejection in 3-week-old versus mature XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1590 :: ('25464(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-2-receptor+ cells, macrophages, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']