abstract: BACKGROUND: Gout is a common arthritic disease resulting from elevated serum @entity414 (SUA) level. A large meta-analysis including 28,141 individuals identified nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with altered SUA level in a Caucasian population. However, raised SUA level alone is not sufficient for the development of @entity625 and most of these SNPs have not been studied in a Han Chinese population. Here, we performed a case-control association analysis to investigate the relationship between these SUA correlated SNPs and @entity625 in Han Chinese. METHODS: A total of 622 ascertained gout p9atients and 917 healthy controls were genotyped. Genome-wide significant SNPs, @entity68101 , @entity24476 , @entity68102 , @entity68103 , @entity68104 , @entity68105 , @entity68106 and @entity68107 in the previous SUA study, were selected for our analysis. RESULTS: No deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed either in the case or control cohorts (corrected p   >   0.05). Three SNPs, @entity24476 (located in @entity17239 , corrected p   =   1.78E(-4), OR   =   0.723), @entity68104 (located in @entity58886 , corrected p   =   1.39E(-7), OR   =   0.572) and @entity68107 (located in @entity24459 , corrected p   =   0.007, OR   =   0.747), were significantly associated with gout on allelic level independent of potential cofounding traits. While the remaining SNPs were not replicated. We also found significant associations of @entity414 concentrations with these three SNPs ( @entity24476 in @entity17239 , corrected p   =   3.94E(-5); @entity68104 in @entity58886 , corrected p   =   0.005; @entity68107 in @entity24459 , corrected p   =   0.003) and of @entity1674 with @entity24476 (located in @entity17239 , corrected p   =   2.96E(-4)). Unfortunately, @entity4982 -SNP interactions for these three significant SNPs were not detected ( @entity24476 vs @entity68104 , p   =   0.402; @entity24476 vs @entity68107 , p   =   0.434; @entity68104 vs @entity68107 , p   =   0.143). CONCLUSIONS: Three SUA correlated SNPs in Caucasian population, @entity24476 in @entity17239 , @entity68104 in @entity58886 and @entity68107 in @entity24459 were confirmed to be associated with @entity625 and @entity414 concentrations in Han Chinese males. Considering genetic differences among populations and complicated pathogenesis of @entity625 , more validating tests in independent populations and relevant functional experiments are suggested in future.

title: Polymorphisms in XXXX , @entity58886 and @entity24459 were associated with phenotype gout in Han Chinese males: a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['gout arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity17239 :: (2646,Gene) :: ['GCKR']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the intellectual and language functions of @entity1 of mothers with @entity302 (CME) with that of controls matched for age and socioeconomic status. METHODS: Cases were CME, aged six years or more (n = 71), drawn from a prospective cohort in the Kerala Registry of @entity302 and Pregnancy. Controls were 201 @entity1 of parents without @entity302 , matched for age and socioeconomic status. The outcome measures included Indian adaptation of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for @entity1 and @entity22757 -a locally developed proficiency test for regional language. All relevant data were abstracted from the registry records. RESULTS: The Full Scale IQ and @entity22757 scores were significantly lower for the cases (87.7 +/- 22.6 and 73.4 +/- 17.3) compared to controls (93.0 +/- 14.4 and 83.2 +/- 11.8). Compared to controls, CME scored poor on all subtests of @entity22757 but their impairment was confined to only some of the subtests of IQ. Maternal education and maternal IQ significantly correlated with @entity258 and @entity22757 scores for CME whereas type of @entity302 , @entity410 during pregnancy or low birth weight did not have any significant association with these outcome measures. Polytherapy and higher dosage of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were associated with significant impairment in outcome measures. @entity1 with low developmental quotient at one year of age continued to have low scores on outcome measures at six years. CONCLUSIONS: Low maternal IQ, maternal education, and antenatal AED exposure were associated with significant impairment of intellectual and language functions for CME at six years.

title: Intellectual and language functions in XXXX of mothers with @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: CONTEXT: The role of race/ethnicity in survival of @entity1 with @entity981 ( @entity981 ) is unclear, with some studies reporting poorer survival among minority @entity1 and others reporting equivalent survival across race/ethnicity in the modern, risk-stratified treatment era. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation between race/ethnicity and survival in a large, population-based analysis of incident @entity981 cases in the United States. DESIGN, POPULATION, AND SETTING: This study included 4952 individuals diagnosed with @entity981 between 1973 and 1999 at age 19 years or younger. @entity981 cases were identified from 9 population-based registries of the National @entity5 Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival probabilities were compared among white, black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, and American Indian/Alaskan Native @entity1 . Kaplan-Meier curves and proportional hazard ratios from Cox regression analysis were calculated, accounting for treatment era (1973-1982, 1983-1989, and 1990-1999), age at diagnosis (<1, 1-9, and 10-19 years), and sex. RESULTS: Although overall 5-year survival probabilities improved with each successive treatment era, differences according to race/ethnicity persisted. For 1990-1999, 5-year survival was 84% for white @entity1 , 81% for Asian/Pacific Islander @entity1 , 75% for black @entity1 , and 72% for both American Indian/Alaskan Native @entity1 and Hispanic @entity1 . The largest difference by race/ethnicity was observed among @entity1 diagnosed between ages 1 and 9 years. Compared with white @entity1 , after adjusting for treatment era, age at diagnosis, and sex, @entity1 of black, Hispanic, and American Indian/Alaskan Native descent had hazard ratios of 1.50 (95% CI, 1.0-2.2; P =.03), 1.83 (95% CI, 1.4-2.4; P<.001), and 1.90 (95% CI, 0.8-4.6; P =.16). CONCLUSIONS: Black, Hispanic, and American Indian/Alaskan Native @entity1 with @entity981 have worse survival than white and Asian/Pacific Islander @entity1 , even in the contemporary treatment era. Future work must delineate the social and biological factors, including any differences in pharmacokinetics associated with chemotherapeutic agents, that account for disparities in outcome.

title: Survival variability by race and ethnicity in childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia', 'ALL']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: The optimal chemoradiation regimen for @entity5 ( @entity1149 ) has not been determined. In this phase I/II study, the use of twice-weekly @entity1311 concomitant with weekly @entity900 and thoracic radiotherapy (RT) was evaluated. @entity1 with @entity5 (without @entity1143 or @entity3799 ) were treated with @entity1514 (60 Gy in 30 fractions over 6 weeks) with concurrent weekly @entity900 20 mg/m(2) and escalating doses of twice-weekly @entity1311 (starting dose of @entity1311 of 20 mg/m(2) increased in increments of 5 mg/m(2)) in successive cohorts of three to six @entity1 until two or more @entity1 experienced dose limiting @entity137 (DLTs) at a particular dose level. All @entity1 were planned to be given a further two cycles of consolidation chemotherapy consisting of @entity1311 175 mg/m(2) and @entity3003 AUC 5 after completion of RT. Twenty-five @entity1 were enrolled in this study from two institutions. At a dose of @entity1311 35 mg/m(2), two of four treated @entity1 had DLTs (1 grade 3 @entity354 and @entity358 ; 1 grade 3 @entity354 and @entity281 ). The recommended dose was therefore determined to be 30 mg/m(2) and a total of 15 @entity1 were enrolled in an expanded cohort at this level. The overall response rate for all @entity1 was 64% (95% CI: 43-82%). The estimated median survival was 23.6 months with an estimated 1-year and 2-year survival of 72 and 49%, respectively. @entity1311 can be safely given twice-weekly at a dose of 30 mg/m(2) in combination with weekly @entity900 (20 mg/m(2)) and @entity1514 (60 Gy), and this regimen has significant activity in @entity5 .

title: Phase I/II study of concurrent twice-weekly @entity1311 and weekly XXXX with radiation therapy for @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III non-small cell lung cancer', 'stage III NSCLC']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic RT']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['cervical lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary toxicity']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['oesophagitis']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: We have previously reported that @entity12386 , an actin-binding protein, plays an important role in phagocyte functions, such as respiratory burst, phagocytosis, and @entity6722 . On the other hand, it was recently found that @entity21357 ( @entity21357 ) phosphorylates @entity12386 . In this work, we investigated the roles of @entity21357 in activated phagocytes. The results of immunostaining showed that in dormant phagocytes the endogenous @entity21357 was diffusely distributed in the cytosol of macrophage-like U937 cells, and when activated by opsonized zymosan (OZ), it was translocated to plasma membranes. Green fluorescence protein (GFP)-conjugated @entity21357 was expressed in the phagocytes, and the GFP-positive cells were isolated by a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. The isolated wild-type @entity21357 -overexpressing cells produced @entity224 at a rate that was 3.2-fold higher than that of only GFP-expressing control cells, whereas the respiratory burst of dominant negative @entity21357 ( @entity69394 )-expressing cells decreased to 31% of that of the control cells. Phagocytic activity monitored by using @entity18523 -labeled OZ was also decreased in the @entity69394 -expressing cells. By immunoblotting using a specific anti-phosphorylated @entity12386 antibody, it was revealed that in the OZ-activated wild-type @entity21357 -GFP-expressing cells, the phosphorylated @entity12386 increased by 2.3-fold, and that in the OZ-activated @entity69394 -GFP-expressing cells, the phosphorylated @entity12386 decreased to 47% of that of only GFP-expressing cells (mock control). Furthermore, in the wild-type @entity21357 -expressing cells, OZ-evoked increase in filamentous actin was markedly enhanced, whereas in the dominant negative @entity21357 -expressing cells, the total level of F-actin was strongly suppressed. These results suggest that @entity21357 regulates the functions of phagocytes through phosphorylation of @entity12386 and enhances the formation of filamentous actin.

title: LIM kinase 1 modulates opsonized zymosan-triggered activation of macrophage-like U937 cells. Possible involvement of phosphorylation of XXXX and reorganization of actin cytoskeleton.

entities_list: @entity6722 :: ('MESH:C565534', 'Disease') :: ['chemotaxis']

entities_list: @entity21357 :: ('3984', 'Gene') :: ['LIMK1', 'LIM motif-containing kinase', 'LIMK']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity12386 :: (1072,Gene) :: ['cofilin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background and study aims: Severe @entity548 is a potentially lethal complication after endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) and endoscopic @entity384 (EPBD) for @entity2877 . This study aimed to evaluate the impact of antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants on this complication. @entity1 and methods: @entity1 who underwent EST and EPBD were identified in a Japanese nationwide administrative database covering 1090 hospitals. Adjusting for other potential risk factors, we evaluated the association between oral administration of antiplatelet agents and/or anticoagulants (continuation, discontinuation, and non-use) and clinically significant @entity548 within 3 days of the procedure. Results: In total, 61002 @entity1 were analyzed (EST, 54493 @entity1 ; EPBD, 6509). The rate of severe @entity548 was 0.8% in both groups, but EPBD was performed more frequently than EST in @entity1 with @entity177 , @entity1575 , and in those receiving antiplatelet agents or anticoagulants. The impact of continuation/discontinuation of antiplatelet agents on severe @entity548 was not statistically significant in the EST or EPBD groups. The use of anticoagulants was associated with a statistically significant increase in severe @entity548 compared with non-use for EST (1.6% 27 of 1688 @entity1 vs. 0.8% 429 of 52 805 @entity1 ; adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.70; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10-2.63) and for EPBD (3.0% [8 of 263 @entity1 ] vs. 0.7% 46 of 6246 @entity1 ; adjusted OR 2.91; 95%CI 1.36-6.24). Conclusions: EST and EPBD can be safely performed in patients receiving antiplatelet agents. Users of anticoagulants are at high risk of @entity548 , and the periprocedural management of these should be further investigated.

title: Bleeding after endoscopic sphincterotomy or XXXX among users of antithrombotic agents.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['papillary balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['choledocholithiasis']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['papillary balloon dilation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We sought to determine which parsimonious combination of @entity1503 ( @entity1503 )-based biomarkers most efficiently predicts oncologic outcomes in @entity1 undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) for @entity150 ( @entity150 ). METHODS: Using our institutional RC database (1992-2012), nine @entity1503 -based markers (including both absolute cell counts and ratios) were evaluated based on pre-treatment measurements. The outcome measures were @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), @entity5 -specific survival (CSS), and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). Time-dependent receiver-operating characteristics curves were used to characterise each biomarker. The @entity1503 -based biomarkers, along with several clinical predictors, were then considered for inclusion in predictive multivariable Cox models based on the Akaike Information Criterion. RESULTS: Our cohort included 418 @entity1 . Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was the only biomarker satisfying criteria for inclusion into all models, independently predicting @entity1349 (HR per 1-log unit=1.52, 95% CI=1.17-1.98, P=0.002), CSS (HR=1.47, 95% CI=1.20-1.80, P<0.001), and @entity1349 (HR=1.56, 95% CI=1.16-2.10, P=0.004). Haemoglobin was also independently predictive of CSS (HR per 1   g/dl=0.91, 95% CI=0.86-0.95, P<0.001) and @entity1349 (HR=0.90, 95% CI=0.88-0.93, P<0.001), but not @entity1349 . CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1503 biomarkers studied, NLR was the most efficient marker for predicting @entity1349 , whereas NLR and haemoglobin were most efficient in predicting CSS and @entity1349 . NLR and haemoglobin are promising, cost-effective, independent biomarkers for predicting oncologic @entity150 outcomes following RC. CONDENSED ABSTRACT: Various @entity1503 -based biomarkers have separately been shown to be predictive of oncologic outcomes in @entity1 undergoing cystectomy for @entity150 . Our study evaluated these biomarkers, and determined that NLR is the best @entity1503 -based biomarker for predicting @entity1349 , whereas NLR and haemoglobin are most efficient for predicting CSS and @entity1349 .

title: Identification of the best XXXX -based predictors for @entity150 outcomes in @entity1 undergoing radical cystectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['CBC', 'complete blood count']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['BC', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'RFS', 'recurrence-free survival', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1503 :: (MESH:D006402,Disease) :: ['complete blood count']


abstract: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Although great advances have been made in both radiological diagnosis and antibiotic therapy of microbial infections, the treatment of @entity281 remains a major clinical challenge. Many of the @entity1 affected are referred to spinal units with long delays. The general population is ageing and the number of immunocompromised @entity1 , as well as the number of operative procedures for @entity74 are increasing. The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical presentations of @entity281 , options for their diagnosis, indications for treatment and their risk factors and the results of surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The group of 112 @entity1 evaluated after the treatment of spinal infection comprised 63 @entity1 and 49 @entity1 at an average age of 59.4 years (range, 17 to 84). The average follow-up was 3.2 years (range, 6 months to 8 years). Of these, 82 @entity1 had primary @entity281 , 29 had @entity281 ,and one had an infected @entity69471 wound. Thirty-six @entity1 showed @entity51 and six were paraplegic. The diagnostic methods included FBC, CRP and EST tests, examination of blood cultures, aspirates and biopsy samples from the infected site, bone scintigraphy, MRI and CT scanning. Indications for surgery included an infection not responding to conservative treatment,with existing or impending spinal instability, and with or without @entity51 . The surgical management involved transpedicular @entity733 , wound debridement from the posterior approach and instrumented spondylodesis. Surgery which included spinal decompression with radical excision of infected tissue was augmented with posterolateral instrumented fusion and/or anterior stabilization, as indicated. RESULTS: Of the 112 @entity1 treated, seven died of uncontrollable @entity295 after surgery; the remaining 105 were followed up. Another four @entity1 died of causes unrelated to the spinal problem treated within 12 months. All @entity1 recovered except for two in whom the infection persisted, but 13 required more than one surgical procedure. One @entity1 with CSF leakage failed to heal after five interventions. The most frequently isolated infectious agents were @entity794 , Staphylococus epidermidis and @entity526 . Of the 33 @entity1 with @entity51 , 24 improved by one or two Frankel grades. The neurological status of six paraplegic @entity1 did not improve, but their functional findings did after stabilization of the spine. Clinical evaluation showed 47 (44.7 %) very good, 40 (38 %) good, eight (7.6 %) unchanged and 10 (9.5 %) poor outcomes. CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis is a prerequisite for good treatment outcomes. Clinical examination, results of laboratory tests, and scintigraphy and MRI findings play the key role. When progressing osteolysis is suspected, a CT scan is necessary. Debridement should be as radical as possible, but always in compliance with the @entity1 's health state. At an advanced @entity5 , spinal stabilization is important because it allows us to remove infected tissue. Intravenous and then oral antibiotic therapy at 2 to 4 and 6 to 12 weeks of follow-up is mandatory. The management of @entity281 is a complex process requiring good multidisciplinary cooperation.

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage of disease']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['spinal infections', 'hematogenous infection', 'post-operative infection']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['drainage of the abscess']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['spinal disorders']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['spinal infections']


abstract: PURPOSE: Initial Phase I/II results using balloon brachytherapy to deliver accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) in 2 days in @entity1 with @entity0 are presented. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between March 2004 and August 2007, 45 @entity1 received adjuvant radiation therapy after lumpectomy with balloon brachytherapy in a Phase I/II trial delivering 2800 cGy in four fractions of 700 cGy. @entity137 were evaluated using the National @entity5 Institute Common @entity137 Criteria for Adverse Events v3.0 scale and cosmesis was documented at >or=6 months. RESULTS: The median age was 66 years (range, 48-83) and median skin spacing was 12 mm (range, 8-24). The median follow-up was 11.4 months (5.4-48 months) with 21 @entity1 (47%) followed >or=1 year, 11 (24%) >or=2 years, and 7 (16%) >or=3 years. At <6 months (n = 45), Grade II @entity137 rates were 9% radiation @entity1909 , 13% @entity5026 , 2% @entity4 , and 2% @entity2117 . Grade III @entity5026 was reported in 13% (n = 6). At >or=6 months (n = 43), Grade II @entity137 rates were: 2% radiation @entity1909 , 2% induration, and 2% @entity4182 . Grade III @entity5026 was reported in 2%. Infection was 13% (n = 6) at <6 months and 5% (n = 2) at >or=6 months. Persistent @entity2080 >or=6 months was 30% (n = 13). @entity4099 developed in 4 cases (2 symptomatic). Rib @entity174 were seen in 4% (n = 2). Cosmesis was good/excellent in 96% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with balloon brachytherapy using a 2-day dose schedule resulted acceptable rates of Grade II/III chronic @entity137 rates and similar cosmetic results observed with a standard 5-day accelerated partial breast irradiation schedule.

title: Phase I/II study evaluating early tolerance in XXXX @entity1 undergoing accelerated partial breast irradiation treated with the mammosite balloon breast brachytherapy catheter using a 2-day dose schedule.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity', 'Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['early-stage breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4182 :: ('MESH:D017496', 'Disease') :: ['hypopigmentation']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity5026 :: ('MESH:D059373', 'Disease') :: ['breast pain']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity4099 :: ('MESH:D005218', 'Disease') :: ['Fat necrosis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Interactions between neurotransmitters and immunomodulators within the central nervous system may be functionally relevant for communication between the immune system and the brain. Previous studies indicate that cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) alter activity of the serotonergic system at multiple levels. This study tested the hypothesis that serotonergic activation modulates cytokine mRNA expression in brain. Serotonergic activation was induced by injecting @entity35 intraperitoneally (i.p.) prior to dark onset with the @entity750 precursor @entity29782 ( @entity2476 ; 100 mg/kg). Cytokine mRNA expression in discrete brain regions at selected time points was determined by means of ribonuclease protection assay. Plasma @entity2819 concentrations were also measured to determine if the @entity2339 is activated in response to this treatment, which potentially could exert feedback regulating cytokine message expression in brain. Plasma @entity2819 was elevated for 4 h after @entity2476 administration. At this time @entity8885 mRNA expression was reduced in the hippocampus, @entity2339 , and brainstem, and @entity3426 mRNA was reduced in the hippocampus. Six hours after @entity2476 injection, @entity3426 mRNA increased in the @entity2339 . These results show that activation of the serotonergic system affects cytokine message expression in @entity35 brain, possibly by actions of @entity2819 .

title: Serotonergic activation stimulates the pituitary-adrenal axis and alters interleukin-1 mRNA expression in XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis', 'hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity29782 :: ('CHEBI:17780', 'Chemical') :: ['L-5-hydroxytryptophan']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The International Agency for Research on @entity5 (IARC) classified diesel exhaust as carcinogenic to @entity1 (Group 1) and @entity18683 exhaust as a possible carcinogen (Group 2B) based studies of @entity2 , however the evidence for other sites is limited. We addressed this question by investigating exposure to diesel and @entity18683 emissions with respect to risk of @entity14 in @entity1 . METHODS: We used data from a population-based case-control study with incident cases of colon (n   =   931) and rectal (n   =   840) @entity5 and 1360 controls from 7 Canadian provinces conducted in 1994-1997. Lifetime occupational history and information on other risk factors was collected. Occupational hygienists, blinded to case-control status, assigned exposures to each job for 3 dimensions: concentration, frequency, and reliability. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and their 95  % confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for age, province, use of proxy respondents, smoking, body-mass index, physical activity, intake of @entity285 , processed meats, and occupational exposure to asbestos and @entity17072 . RESULTS: Among CRC cases, 638 (36  %) were exposed to diesel and 814 (46  %) were exposed to @entity18683 emissions. Relative to the unexposed, elevated risks were observed among subjects ever exposed to high concentration levels of diesel emissions for @entity14 (OR   =   1.65, 95  % CI   =   0.98-2.80) and @entity5 (OR   =   1.98, 95  % CI   =   1.09-3.60), but not @entity694 . Prolonged (>10  years) exposure at high concentrations was also associated with high risks of @entity5 (OR   =   2.33 95  % CI   =   0.94-5.78; p-trend   =   0.02). No statistically significant associations were observed for @entity18683 emissions. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that sustained high-level exposure diesel emissions may increase the risk of @entity5 .

title: Workplace exposure to diesel and XXXX engine exhausts and the risk of @entity14 in Canadian @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity17072 :: ('CHEBI:33860', 'Chemical') :: ['aromatic amines']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity18683 :: (MESH:D005742,Chemical) :: ['gasoline']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exercise training (T) blunts functional deficits and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) @entity2915 in @entity101 individuals. There is no information on T-induced temporal changes of brain RAS. We evaluate now the simultaneous effects of T on functional responses and time course changes in the expression/activity of brain RAS components in autonomic cardiovascular-controlling areas. METHODS AND RESULTS: Spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) and age-matched normotensive controls (WKY) were trained for 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Sedentary (S) groups served as time-controls. After arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR) recordings at rest, fresh and fixed brains were harvested for qPCR and immunofluorescence assays. SHR-S vs. WKY-S exhibited higher mean AP (MAP) and HR, increased pressure variability and sympathetic activity, elevated @entity1809 receptor ( @entity1809 ) expression in nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) and higher Mas receptor expression in the rostroventrolateral medulla (RVLM). In SHR, T promptly (T2 on) reduced sympathetic variability to heart/vessels and largely decreased angiotensinogen expression in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) and NTS, with a late RVLM reduction (T4). @entity1809 expression was only reduced at T12 (PVN and NTS) with transient, not maintained Mas receptor changes in PVN and RVLM. These responses were accompanied by @entity101 (from T4 on). In the SHR group, PVN angiotensinogen expression correlated positively with sympathetic activity, resting MAP and HR. In WKY-T, a precocious (T2-T12) RVLM @entity1809 decrease preceded the appearance of resting @entity1168 (from T8 on). CONCLUSIONS: Early and maintained reduction of angiotensinogen content in autonomic areas of the SHR is the most prominent effect of training on brain RAS. Down-regulation of PVN RAS expression is an essential factor to drive cardiovascular benefits in SHR-T, while resting @entity1168 in WKY-T is correlated to RVLM @entity1809 reduction.

title: Early Training-Induced Reduction of Angiotensinogen in Autonomic Areas-The Main Effect of Exercise on Brain Renin-Angiotensin System in XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['baseline MAP and HR reduction in the SHR-T', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertensive']


abstract: Roughly 10  % of @entity645 -positive individuals worldwide have concomitant chronic @entity97 ) infection, with large differences between geographical regions and/or risk groups. Hepatitis B is a preventable infection with vaccines. However, it cannot be eradicated once acquired, resembling @entity645 and in contrast with @entity3531 . In developed countries, hepatitis B exhibits particular features in the @entity645 population. First, @entity97 infection is less frequently misdiagnosed than in the general population. Second, nucleos(t)ide analogs active against @entity97 are widely used as part of antiretroviral combinations and are taken by most @entity645 @entity1 . Lastly, as the @entity645 population ages given the success of antiretroviral therapy, non-AIDS co-morbidities are becoming a major cause of disease, for which specific drugs are required, increasing the risk of interactions and hepatotoxicity. Furthermore, concern on @entity97 reactivation is rising as immunosuppressive drug therapies are increasingly been used for cancers and other non-malignant conditions. In this scenario, new challenges are emerging in the management of hepatitis B in @entity645 -positive individuals. Among them, major interest is focused on failures to suppress @entity97 replication, @entity97 breakthroughs and reactivations, the meaning of isolated anti-HBc, screening for liver cancer, and the complexity arising when hepatitis viruses C and/or D are additionally present. This review will focus on these challenges and the major advances in @entity97 coinfection in @entity645 .

title: Emerging challenges in managing hepatitis B in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity97 :: ('10407', 'Species') :: ['hepatitis B virus (HBV', 'HBV']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective. @entity410 disorders are one of the most disabling, life-threatening, and the least understood syndromes associated with @entity146 ( @entity146 ). @entity3391 ( @entity3391 ) receptors are a subgroup of the @entity3264 receptor family, whose @entity11588 subunit was found on neuronal cells (anti- @entity11588 ) in @entity146 @entity1 with different types of @entity302 . The present study was conducted to determine the serum levels of anti- @entity11588 antibodies in a large group of @entity1252 @entity1 , to investigate the possible correlation between the presence of the @entity11588 specific antibodies and @entity146 -related @entity410 disorders. Methods and Results. The study population consisted of 107 @entity1252 @entity1 and 43 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. 73 @entity1252 @entity1 had active disease. 36 of these had @entity146 . @entity3391 levels were measured by ELISA. Clinical and serological parameters were assessed according to routine procedures. The levels of anti- @entity11588 antibodies were significantly higher in @entity146 @entity1 , compared with non- @entity146 @entity1 and healthy controls. Furthermore, the levels of @entity146 in @entity1 with @entity410 disorders were shown to be higher than in those with @entity73 and other CNS symptoms, however, without significance. Increase in serum anti- @entity11588 antibodies levels correlated to anti-dsDNA antibody and SLEDAI as well as complement levels. Conclusion. We suggest that anti- @entity11588 antibodies play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity146 with @entity410 disorders.

title: Autoantibodies to XXXX Peptide of the @entity3264 / @entity3391 Receptor in @entity1 with @entity410 Disorders in Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['NPSLE', 'neuropsychiatric SLE']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3391 :: ('D016202', 'Chemical') :: ['NMDA', 'N-Methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity11588 :: (2903,Gene) :: ['NR2A']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the significance of reticulated platelets (RPs) in the diagnosis of @entity882 and the relationship between RPs and the proliferative degree of @entity10706 ( @entity10706 ) in bone marrow. METHODS: With @entity6548 orange as a fluorescent dye, RPs were measured by analyzing the RNA content in platelets with flow cytometry and the percent and absolute counts of RPs were calculated. RESULTS: (1) The percent and absolute counts of the RPs in a normal group were (8.4 +/- 2.5)% and (16.8 +/- 6.8) x 10(9)/L respectively. (2) As compared with the normal group, the @entity1 with @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ) and @entity6118 had a significantly high percent and low absolute counts of RPs (P < 0.01). In @entity1 with @entity2150 , both the percent and absolute counts of RPs were at low levels (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). There was no difference of @entity6391 percentage between the @entity1 with @entity3052 or @entity2590 syndromes and normal controls, but the absolute counts of RPs in the former was significantly lower than that in the latter. There was no difference between the percent and absolute counts of RPs among @entity3039 @entity1 with different proliferative degree of @entity10706 in bone marrow. (3) In all the diseases mentioned above, it was shown that @entity6391 percentage returned to normal in the effective cases after treatment, but no such change was found in the ineffective cases. CONCLUSIONS: Reticulated platelet counts contribute to the aetiology determination of the @entity882 . It is also a valuable diagnostic method and a monitoring marker. There is no relationship between reticulated platelet counts and the counts of @entity10706 proliferation in bone marrow.

title: [The value of reticulated platelet counts in diagnosing XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity6548 :: ('CHEBI:43732', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazole']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenic disorders', 'thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity10706 :: ('MESH:D007947', 'Disease') :: ['megakaryocyte', 'MK']

entities_list: @entity6118 :: ('MESH:D006971', 'Disease') :: ['hypersplenism']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['ITP', 'idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura']

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['thrombocytopenic disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: To evaluate the clinicopathological features and results of surgery for @entity356 in elderly @entity1 aged   80 years relative to those aged   79 years, and to recommend the appropriate surgical treatment for elderly @entity1 . METHODOLOGY: A total of 332 @entity1 with @entity356 who underwent gastrectomy in our department between 2002 and 2012 were evaluated. Of these, 81 were aged   80 years (Group A) and 251 were aged   79 years (Group B). We compared surgical outcomes and survival in these two groups. RESULTS; @entity532 were associated with preoperative cormorbid disease(p<0.01). D2 and R0 resection was common in GroupB (p<0.01). @entity1576 and hospital deaths were higher in Group A than in Group B. @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was significantly lower in Group A than in Group B. Regarding Stage I disease, @entity1349 was significantly lower in Group A; however, cause-specific survival was similar between the two groups. Multivariate analysis showed that radicality and @entity260 were independent prognostic factors for @entity1349 in elderly @entity356 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that @entity260 and other causes of @entity204 worsened the prognosis of elderly. Preoperative accurate judgment of co-morbid disease, meticulous postoperative management and follow up might be improved survival of @entity356 in elderly.

title: Comparison of XXXX surgery between @entity1 aged >80 years and <79 years: complications and multivariate analysis of prognostic factors.

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Postopeartive complications']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'postoperative respiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['Respiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Overall survival']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: In vertebrates, the embryonic dorsal midline is a crucial signalling centre that patterns the surrounding tissues during development. Members of the FoxA subfamily of transcription factors are expressed in the structures that compose this centre. @entity18501 is essential for dorsal midline development in mammals, since knock-out @entity19 embryos lack a definitive node, notochord and floor plate. The related gene foxA4 is only present in amphibians. Expression begins in the blastula - @entity40835 and - @entity3684 expressing centre (BCNE) and is later restricted to the dorsal midline derivatives of the Spemann's organiser. It was suggested that the early functions of @entity1 @entity10354 are carried out by foxA4 in frogs, but functional experiments were needed to test this hypothesis. Here, we show that some important dorsal midline functions of @entity1 @entity10354 are exerted by foxA4 in @entity1238 . We provide new evidence that the latter prevents the respecification of dorsal midline precursors towards contiguous fates, inhibiting prechordal and paraxial mesoderm development in favour of the notochord. In addition, we show that foxA4 is required for the correct regionalisation and maintenance of the central nervous system. FoxA4 participates in constraining the prospective rostral forebrain territory during neural specification and is necessary for the correct segregation of the most anterior ectodermal derivatives, such as the cement gland and the pituitary anlagen. Moreover, the early expression of foxA4 in the BCNE (which contains precursors of the whole forebrain and most of the midbrain and hindbrain) is directly required to restrict anterior neural development.

title: FoxA4 Favours Notochord Formation by Inhibiting Contiguous Mesodermal Fates and Restricts Anterior Neural Development in XXXX Embryos.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus']


abstract: The pathology and clinical features of 258 cases of mitral ring @entity730 were reviewed. The overall incidence in @entity1 over 50 years of age was 8.5%; it was more than twice as high in @entity1 (11.5%) as in @entity1 (4.5%) and rose sharply with age. @entity712 and systolic murmurs were each noted in over half the @entity1 . @entity101 was slightly commoner than in age- and sex-matched groups without ring @entity730 , although the difference was not statistically significant. Small nodules of @entity730 were more frequent in @entity1 and heavy deposits in @entity1 . Distortion and atrial displacement of the posterior mitral cusp was present in 26% of the hearts with early ring @entity730 , in 56% of the hearts with moderate, and in almost all hearts with marked changes. Systolic murmurs had been heard in 73% of these cases. ;Caseation' of the calcified ring was seen in seven hearts and @entity548 in three. @entity460 had ulcerated through the cusp in 12 cases, with @entity715 and/or @entity3555 in five. @entity7874 was present in 36% of @entity1 and was quantitatively related to the severity of mitral ring @entity730 . In @entity1 the incidence was 30% and there was no corresponding quantitative relationship. Microscopy showed nonspecific chronic inflammatory changes adjacent to @entity460 in about half the cases in both sexes, with foreign body type giant cells in 6%. Similar inflammatory changes in the valve cusp were almost twice as common in @entity1 as in @entity1 . There was no evidence that previous @entity884 was responsible for mitral ring @entity730 , neither did parity influence its incidence. Severe @entity453 was unrelated but severe @entity731 was commoner in @entity1 with calcified mitral rings. The difference, in @entity1 , was statistically significant. The higher incidence of severe degrees of ring @entity730 , complications, and @entity32 in @entity1 suggests a sex-determined difference in tissue response in the mitral area. Possible provoking factors apply to both sexes and both @entity712 , and such a difference would account for the relative frequency and sex incidence of mitral ring @entity730 .

title: Pathological and clinical study of XXXX of the mitral valve ring.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['valvular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['left side valves', 'Cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic valvulitis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['aortic atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity7874 :: ('MESH:C562942', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic valve calcification']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity3555 :: ('MESH:D004697', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity730 :: (MESH:D002114,Disease) :: ['calcification']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Immunohistochemical evaluation of @entity876 staining patterns has been considered as a complementary test for @entity1141 in @entity31 -related @entity14 , but usefulness would be particularly important if it were a marker associated with a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether abnormal @entity876 staining of the @entity5 correlated with @entity5 -related mortality in @entity31 @entity1 . METHODS: An historical cohort study was designed to examine all @entity31 @entity1 who developed @entity14 between 1978 and 1997 and who had @entity5 tissue blocks available for staining. Tissue was recut and stained for abnormal @entity876 immunohistochemistry using the DO-7 antibody. @entity5 were considered to be @entity876 positive if at least 5% of nuclei in a high power field were positive for staining. RESULTS: Among 75 @entity1 entered in the study, 38 (50.7%) had @entity876 positive @entity5 . Fourteen @entity1 (36.8%) with @entity876 positive @entity5 died from @entity14 , compared to five (13.5%) with @entity876 negative @entity5 (p < 0.04, log-rank test). The adjusted relative risk of @entity5 -related @entity204 among @entity1 with @entity876 positive @entity5 was 3.03 (95% CI = 1.05-8.73). CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal @entity876 immunohistochemistry of @entity5 is associated with a poor prognosis among @entity31 @entity1 who develop @entity14 . As such, @entity876 immunohistochemical staining could be a useful histological marker to complement routine histology in @entity5 surveillance programs in @entity31 @entity1 .

title: Abnormal @entity876 immunohistochemistry is associated with an increased @entity14 -related mortality in XXXX with @entity31 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer surveillance', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is commonly agreed to be the best imaging method for diagnosing and differentiating between @entity75 in the gastrointestinal tract. However, most of the current evidence for this derives from retrospective multicenter studies. A prospective multicenter analysis of the performance of EUS in diagnosing @entity75 in everyday practice was therefore conducted. METHODS: Over a 2-year period, this study included 150 @entity1 (52% @entity1 , mean age 59.8 years) from 23 centers who had a presumptive diagnosis of a @entity75 on upper @entity344 . The @entity1 ' symptoms and EUS results were recorded. Endoscopic and endosonographic findings regarding lesion size, layer of origin, and the presumptive diagnosis (benign or malignant) were recorded. The reference methods used were surgery, biopsy, other imaging tests, and a follow-up period of 6 months. RESULTS: Of the 150 @entity1 , 102 had an intramural lesion (84 @entity5 , 18 other lesions such as cysts, aberrant pancreas, etc.), and 48 had an extraluminal compression--in most cases (n = 35) by normal organs or structures. For differentiating between a submucosal and an extraluminal compression, the sensitivity and specificity of endoscopy were 87% and 29%, whereas those of EUS were 92% and 100%. However, the sensitivity and specificity of EUS for differentiating between @entity5 were only 64% and 80%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The accuracy of EUS in differentiating between @entity5 and extraluminal compressions is substantially superior to that of endoscopy, but EUS is still inadequate for differential diagnosis between benign and malignant @entity5 . However, EUS is still the best method of visualizing @entity75 precisely. The influence of EUS on the further management in these @entity1 remains to be examined in subsequent studies.

title: Accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography in upper XXXX : a prospective multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal lesions', 'submucosal lesion']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal tumors', 'malignant and benign submucosal tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal submucosal lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To present treatments for kidney preservation in the management of @entity2885 ( @entity2885 ), and to evaluate the functional outcome of preserved kidneys during the follow-up. @entity1 AND METHODS: The computerized files of @entity1 with @entity2885 from 2000 to 2010 were reviewed. After initial resuscitation, ultrasonography-guided percutaneous tubes were placed for drainage of infected fluid and gas. A radio-isotopic renal scan was done after stabilization of the @entity1 ' condition. Preservation of the affected kidney was attempted when the differential function was >10%. A renal isotopic scan was taken during the follow-up to evaluate renographic changes in preserved kidneys. RESULTS: The study included 33 kidneys in 30 consecutive @entity1 (mean age 51.7  years, SD 10.9). Kidney preservation was applicable for 23 kidneys (20 @entity1 ). Preservation methods included percutaneous nephrostomy for 12, percutaneous tube drain for two and conservative treatment for nine kidneys (six @entity1 ). Nephrectomy was performed for 10 kidneys (emergency in three and delayed in seven). The frequency of post-treatment @entity326 after kidney preservation (10%) was significantly lower than after nephrectomy (20%, P  =  0.005). The overall mortality rate was 7% (two @entity1 ). The follow-up was completed for 13 @entity1 with 15 preserved kidneys for a mean duration of 21  months. During the follow-up, differential renographic clearance of the affected kidney was stable in 13 of 15 while two kidneys showed improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Kidney preservation should be the primary goal in the treatment of @entity2885 when the differential renal clearance is >10%. It was associated with fewer complications than nephrectomy and the follow-up showed a favourable functional outcome of the preserved kidneys.

title: Kidney preservation protocol for management of XXXX : Treatment modalities and follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['EPN', 'emphysematous pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

answer: @entity2885 :: (MESH:D011704,Disease) :: ['emphysematous pyelonephritis']


abstract: The idea of @entity1091 's specificity for @entity162 was proposed in Cade's original work in 1949. Since then, many controlled studies have been performed, examining @entity1091 for treatment of @entity162 and other @entity146 conditions. This review was undertaken to determine if the suggestion of @entity1091 's specificity has support in the controlled studies conducted after Cade's initial proposal. Studies were selected in a Medline search, dating back to 1966 and also identified from the bibliography of some of these papers. The controlled trials with @entity1091 for the treatment of @entity162 and @entity162 , @entity308 , @entity161 , @entity914 were reviewed. The published studies with @entity1091 in other @entity146 were also considered. Additionally, we reviewed literature on other therapeutic agents proposed for @entity162 , looking at their comparative effectiveness to @entity1091 . The data analyzed give strong support for @entity1091 's being most effective in @entity162 , with minimal or no therapeutic effects in other @entity146 . The neurochemical underpinnings of this specificity are being investigated, without conclusive findings to date. The study of this paradigm of specificity in neuropsychopharmacology research may lead to meaningful contributions to understanding the pathophysiology of @entity162 and may help to develop newer treatments for this condition.

title: The XXXX ion: a foundation for psychopharmacological specificity.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar depression', 'bipolar disorder', 'mania']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['unipolar depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'neuropsychiatric disorders', 'neuropsychiatric conditions']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['and schizoaffective disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity1091 :: (MESH:D008094,Chemical) :: ['lithium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity27 has a negative impact on the health of millions of adolescents and youth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations of @entity27 with @entity28 and cardiometabolic risk factors among adolescents and youth at risk for @entity209 ( @entity209 ). METHODS: A total of 558 subjects aged 14-28 years were recruited from the Beijing @entity1 and @entity209 Syndrome Study. Each underwent a 2-h oral @entity413 tolerance test (OGTT), echocardiography, and liver ultrasonography. Anthropometric measures, blood levels of @entity413 , lipids, and liver enzymes were assessed. Subjects with high or low risk for @entity27 were identified by Berlin Questionnaire (BQ). RESULTS: Among the subjects in @entity28 , 33.7% of whom were likely to have @entity27 by BQ. Subjects with high risk for @entity27 had higher neck and waist circumference and fat mass percentage compared to those with low risk for @entity27 (P < 0.001). Moreover, significant differences in levels of lipids, @entity413 after OGTT, and liver enzymes, as well as echocardiographic parameters were found between the two groups with high or low risk for @entity27 (P < 0.05). The rates of @entity1561 (71.0% vs. 24.2%), @entity209 (38.9% vs. 7.0%), and its components in high-risk group were significantly higher than in low-risk group. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity27 by BQ was high in @entity28 adolescents and youth. A high risk for @entity27 indicates a high cardiometabolic risk. Mechanisms mediating the observed associations require further investigation.

title: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome is Associated with @entity209 among Adolescents and Youth in Beijing: data from Beijing XXXX and @entity209 Syndrome Study.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome', 'OSA', 'OSA syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'metabolic syndrome', 'Adolescent Metabolic']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Child']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Paroxysmal exercise-induced @entity910 (PED) are @entity910 which manifest as @entity3520 brought on by sustained exercise. @entity69356 deficiency-induced EID was recently described by Olgiati et al. Our @entity1 is an 8-year-old @entity1 , who presented with intermittent episodes of @entity2693 and contractions affecting the legs which were always brought on by vigorous exertion. They began with curling of the toes and flexion, followed by stiffening of gait. These episodes were asymmetric, uncomfortable and often began in the left leg, often spreading to the right leg. They generally lasted for about 30-40  min. The phenomenology was noted to be @entity3520 affecting mostly the left leg, with equinus at the ankle and hyperextension at the knee. MRI of the brain showed regions of increased T2 and FLAIR signal and of T1 low signal in the globus pallidus bilaterally with mild diffusion restriction. Using Ambry's ExomeNext(TM), an integrated exome sequencing assay, the @entity1 was found to be heterozygous for alterations in the @entity69356 gene: missense mutations in @entity69357 ( @entity69358 ) and @entity69359 ( @entity46497 ). After 3  months of treatment with a mitochondrial cocktail, the @entity1 reported that his attacks were somewhat less frequent and less severe. We decided to continue the @entity1 on the cocktail and prescribed @entity2053 0.5  mg 1 tab to be given, as needed, for acute @entity3520 episodes of severe degree. The missense mutation @entity69359 has never been associated with PED before. Further, we present the first case of @entity34234 -associated PED with initial symptomatic improvement with a mitochondrial cocktail.

title: @entity69356 deficiency-associated paroxysmal exercise-induced XXXX : case presentation and initial benefit of intervention.

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['dystonic movements', 'dystonic']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesias', 'paroxysmal dyskinesias']

entities_list: @entity2053 :: ('MESH:D002998', 'Chemical') :: ['clonazepam']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity910 :: (MESH:D004409,Disease) :: ['dyskinesias']


abstract: Natural rubber ( @entity34643 ) is an indispensable biopolymer used to manufacture diverse consumer products. Although a major source of natural rubber is the rubber tree ( @entity15543 ), lettuce ( @entity12681 ) is also known to synthesize natural rubber. Here, we report that an unusual cis-prenyltransferase-like 2 (CPTL2), which lacks the conserved motifs of conventional cis-prenyltransferase, is required for natural rubber biosynthesis in lettuce. CPTL2, identified from the lettuce rubber particle proteome, displays homology to a @entity1 NogoB receptor and is predominantly expressed in latex. Multiple transgenic lettuces expressing CPTL2-RNAi constructs showed that decrease of CPTL2 transcripts (3-15% CPTL2 expression relative to controls) coincided with the reduction of natural rubber as low as 5%. We also identified a conventional cis-prenyltransferase 3 (CPT3), exclusively expressed in latex. In subcellular localization studies using fluorescent proteins, cytosolic CPT3 was re-localized to endoplasmic reticulum by co-occurrence of CPTL2 in @entity286 and @entity375 at the log phase. Furthermore, yeast two-hybrid data showed that CPTL2 and CPT3 interact. @entity375 microsomes containing CPTL2/CPT3 showed enhanced synthesis of short cis-polyisoprenes, but natural rubber could not be synthesized in vitro. Intriguingly, a homologous pair CPTL1/ @entity13513 , which displays ubiquitous expressions in lettuce, showed a potent @entity56580 biosynthetic activity in vitro. Taken together, our data suggest that CPTL2 is a scaffolding protein that tethers CPT3 on endoplasmic reticulum and is necessary for natural rubber biosynthesis in planta, but @entity375 -expressed CPTL2 and CPT3 alone could not synthesize high molecular weight natural rubber in vitro.

title: A lettuce ( @entity12681 ) homolog of XXXX Nogo-B receptor interacts with cis-prenyltransferase and is necessary for natural rubber biosynthesis.

entities_list: @entity34643 :: ('CHEBI:53406', 'Chemical') :: ['cis-1,4-polyisoprene']

entities_list: @entity12681 :: ('4236', 'Species') :: ['Lactuca sativa']

entities_list: @entity15543 :: ('3981', 'Species') :: ['Hevea brasiliensis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the potential markers of @entity14 and the influence of @entity1487 on differentially expressed proteins by using proteomic technology, and to elucidate the mechanism of @entity14 . METHODS: @entity1 @entity14 cell lines of different metastatic potential, Lovo and SW480 were conventionally cultured, and the protein was extracted. 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of @entity1487 to these two cell lines was measured by @entity98 assay. Proteins of these two cell lines after intervention by @entity1487 at IC(50) were extracted, then 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis was conducted for the proteins. The differential protein spots were examined by mass spectrometry and analyzed by bioinformatics. Difference of expressed proteins in two cell lines before and after the intervention of @entity1487 was validated by Western blot and immunofluorescence. RESULTS: Eleven differentially expressed proteins were identified by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. The @entity25931 protein and @entity13091 were selected to be examined by Western blot and immunofluorescence. Results revealed that the expression of @entity25931 in Lovo was higher than that in SW480, while the expression of @entity13091 was lower in Lovo. After intervention by @entity1487 at IC(50), the expression of @entity25931 in Lovo decreased more as compared to SW480, while the expression of @entity13091 in SW480 increased more as compared to Lovo. CONCLUSION: There are significant differences in expression of @entity25931 and @entity13091 proteins between Lovo and SW480 cell lines, and the proteins alter regularly after @entity1487 intervention.

title: [Proteomic research of biomarker of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal cancer metastasis']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer metastasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) has become an important treatment modality for @entity5513 . The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether @entity5 growth at the moment of GKRS has any correlation with the outcome. The secondary aim was to identify clinical predictors of radioresistance in @entity5513 @entity1 treated with GKRS. STUDY DESIGN: One hundred @entity5513 @entity1 , treated with GKRS, were divided into two groups: 1) proven @entity5 growth preceding GKRS; and 2) previous history of growth unknown. GKRS outcome was defined in two ways. According to the first definition, GKRS was said to have failed when additional treatment had taken place. According to the second one, a volume decrease >20% after 2 years marked successful treatment. METHODS: Correlations between outcome and growth status were determined with SPSS software. Furthermore, the study assessed how different variables ( @entity1 data, history, @entity5 characteristics, imaging, and audiovestibular examinations) correlated with the outcome of GKRS. RESULTS: No significant difference regarding success and failure of GKRS was found between the two @entity1 groups. The mean reduction in @entity5 volume after GKRS was less pronounced in @entity1 in whom @entity5 growth was demonstrated before treatment, but this finding was not significant. No significant predictors (P < .05) could be identified in this data set. CONCLUSIONS: This study found no indication that growth at the moment of GKRS influences therapeutic outcome, nor did it identify any predictors of the outcome after GKRS in @entity5513 @entity1 .

title: Gamma knife radiosurgery for @entity5513 : identification of predictors for continued @entity5 growth and the influence of documented XXXX growth preceding radiation treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular schwannomas', 'vestibular schwannoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: @entity5607 ( @entity5607 ; previously known as @entity5607 ) is an @entity74 that is characterized by the formation of @entity5 ( @entity705 ) at multiple sites in the skeleton, secondary bursa formation and impingement of nerves, tendons and vessels, bone curving, and @entity851 . @entity5607 is also known to be associated with @entity625 , @entity158 , @entity2318 and occasional @entity5 into secondary peripheral @entity511 . @entity5607 @entity1 present additional complains but the relevance of those in relation to the syndromal background needs validation. Mutations in two enzymes that are required during heparan @entity597 synthesis (EXT1 or @entity43668 ) are known to cause @entity5607 . Previously, we have used @entity3392 which harbour mutations in @entity43668 as a model for @entity5607 and shown that @entity43668   /    fish have skeletal defects that resemble those seen in @entity705 . Here we analyse dental defects present in @entity43668   /    fish. Histological analysis reveals that @entity43668   /    fish have very severe defects associated with the formation and the morphology of teeth. At 5 days post fertilization 100% of @entity43668   /    fish have a single tooth at the end of the 5(th) pharyngeal arch, whereas wild-type fish develop three teeth, located in the middle of the pharyngeal arch. @entity43668   /    teeth have abnormal morphology (they were shorter and thicker than in the @entity7097 ) and patchy ossification at the tooth base. Deformities such as split crowns and enamel lesions were found in 20% of @entity43668   /    adults. The tooth morphology in @entity43668   /    was partially rescued by @entity28628 administered locally (bead implants). Our findings from @entity3392 model were validated in a dental survey that was conducted with assistance of the MHE Research Foundation. The presence of the malformed and/or displaced teeth with abnormal enamel was declared by half of the respondents indicating that @entity5607 might indeed be also associated with dental problems.

title: HSPG-deficient @entity3392 uncovers dental aspect of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant transformation of osteochondroma', 'cartilaginous bone tumours']

entities_list: @entity705 :: ('MESH:D015831', 'Disease') :: ['osteochondromas']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant genetic condition']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['general pain']

entities_list: @entity5607 :: ('MESH:D005097', 'Disease') :: ['multiple hereditary exostosis', 'Multiple Osteochondromas', 'MO']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphate']

answer: @entity5607 :: (MESH:D005097,Disease) :: ['multiple osteochondromas']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity8638 ( @entity8638 ) is a progressive @entity179 associated with repetitive head impacts. Understanding @entity16 and @entity131 (UNITE) is a U01 project recently funded by the National Institute of @entity16 and @entity64 and the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering. The goal of the UNITE project is to examine the neuropathology and clinical presentation of brain donors designated as "at risk" for the development of @entity8638 based on prior athletic or military exposure. Here, we present the rationale and methodology for UNITE. METHODS: Over the course of 4  years, we will analyze the brains and spinal cords of 300 deceased subjects who had a history of repetitive head impacts sustained during participation in contact sports at the professional or collegiate level or during military service. Clinical data are collected through medical record review and retrospective structured and unstructured family interviews conducted by a behavioral neurologist or neuropsychologist. Blinded to the clinical data, a neuropathologist conducts a comprehensive assessment for @entity179 , including @entity8638 , using published criteria. At a clinicopathological conference, a panel of physicians and neuropsychologists, blinded to the neuropathological data, reaches a clinical consensus diagnosis using published criteria, including proposed clinical research criteria for @entity8638 . RESULTS: We will investigate the validity of these clinical criteria and sources of error by using recently validated neuropathological criteria as a gold standard for @entity8638 diagnosis. We also will use statistical modeling to identify diagnostic features that best predict @entity8638 pathology. CONCLUSIONS: The UNITE study is a novel and methodologically rigorous means of assessing clinicopathological correlation in @entity8638 . Our findings will be critical for developing future iterations of @entity8638 clinical diagnostic criteria.

title: Assessing clinicopathological correlation in chronic XXXX : rationale and methods for the UNITE study.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['Traumatic Encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurologic Injury', 'Neurological Disorders']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration', 'neurodegenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity8638 :: ('MESH:D020208', 'Disease') :: ['CTE', 'Chronic traumatic encephalopathy']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic encephalopathy']


abstract: The @entity22337 ( @entity22337 ) is threatened with extinction due to the spread of devil @entity5 . Polymorphisms in immune genes can provide adaptive potential to resist diseases. Previous studies in diversity at immune loci in wild species have almost exclusively focused on genes of the @entity3173 ( @entity3173 ); however, these genes only account for a fraction of immune gene diversity. Devils lack diversity at functionally important immunity loci, including @entity3173 and Toll-like receptor genes. Whether there are polymorphisms at devil immune genes outside these two families is unknown. Here, we identify polymorphisms in a wide range of key immune genes, and develop assays to type single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within a subset of these genes. A total of 167 immune genes were examined, including cytokines, chemokines and natural killer cell receptors. Using genome-level data from ten devils, SNPs within coding regions, introns and 10  kb flanking genes of interest were identified. We found low polymorphism across 167 immune genes examined bioinformatically using whole-genome data. From this data, we developed long amplicon assays to target nine genes. These amplicons were sequenced in 29-220 devils and found to contain 78 SNPs, including eight SNPS within exons. Despite the extreme paucity of genetic diversity within these genes, signatures of balancing selection were exhibited by one chemokine gene, suggesting that remaining diversity may hold adaptive potential. The low functional diversity may leave devils highly vulnerable to @entity166 , and therefore, monitoring and preserving remaining diversity will be critical for the long-term management of this species. Examining genetic variation in diverse immune genes should be a priority for threatened wildlife species. This study can act as a model for broad-scale immunogenetic diversity analysis in threatened species.

title: Lack of genetic diversity across diverse immune genes in an endangered mammal, the @entity22337 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity22337 :: ('9305', 'Species') :: ['Sarcophilus harrisii', 'Tasmanian devil']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['facial tumour disease']

entities_list: @entity3173 :: ('MESH:D004830', 'Disease') :: ['MHC', 'major histocompatibility complex']

answer: @entity22337 :: (9305,Species) :: ['Sarcophilus harrisii']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We conducted a phase II study using @entity3003 and @entity2879 on @entity1 with recurrent @entity11 to investigate @entity5 response. METHODS: From January 1995 to March 1997, 21 @entity1 with recurrent @entity11 were treated with a @entity3003 (300 mg/m(2), day 1)/ @entity2879 (100 mg/m(2), days 1-3) regimen every 3-4 weeks. The following radiologic parameters were evaluated: @entity5 size, central lucency, degree of contrast enhancement, and mass effect. No @entity1 had received chemotherapy previously. Dose escalation corresponded to hematologic tolerance and to general and neurologic performance status. Most @entity1 were treated postoperatively with involved field radiotherapy followed by a boost to the @entity5 area, as defined on the presurgery computed tomography scan or on magnetic resonance imaging. Mean interval to introduction of chemotherapy was 8.8 months (range, 7-36 months). @entity1 received a mean of four cycles [range, 2-8 cycles]. RESULTS: Only 2 @entity1 showed moderate radiological response, while 12 @entity1 died of progressive disease. Mean time to progression following discontinuation of chemotherapy was 5.8 months (range, 1-11 months). The other @entity1 survived with persistent disease and are being treated palliatively. @entity137 was manageable (1, @entity1398 ; 1, @entity882 (45,000/mm(3)); 2, temporarily elevated transaminase level; 2, @entity134 -induced @entity3621 ). CONCLUSIONS: This phase II regimen proved to be ineffective in recurrent @entity11 . Further studies incorporating innovative drug regimens and schedules are warranted. J. Surg. Oncol., 1999;71:167-170.

title: XXXX and @entity2879 for recurrent @entity11 following surgical and radiotherapy failure: A clinical study conducted at the Northern Israel Oncology Center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant glioma']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic sepsis']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['erosive gastritis']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['Carboplatin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The technologic improvement of surface coils in MRI has allowed better visualization of the skin and thus permitted the clinical use of this technique in dermatology. MRI allows to assess the depth and extent of @entity1489 and to detect any malignant transformation. The MR differentiation between benign and malignant @entity272 relies on morphological criteria which however do not have an absolute diagnostic value. We investigated the role of paramagnetic contrast agents in the differentiation between benign and malignant @entity272 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-one @entity1 , 33 with benign and 8 with malignant @entity1489 , were submitted to MRI. All the examinations were performed with a 1.5 T superconductive unit, with a 2.5 cm surface coil. Axial T1- and T2-weighted SE images were acquired with 2 mm slice thickness. Paramagnetic contrast material was administered to all @entity1 . The signal intensity of the @entity272 was calculated before and after paramagnetic contrast agent administration positioning a region of interest. A percentage ratio of contrast enhancement was calculated to quantify contrast agent uptake and the relative values were compared between benign and malignant lesions. A qualitative analysis was also performed rating the contrast enhancement of each lesion as high, intermediate, or absent. RESULTS: The quantitative analysis showed a statistically significant difference (p < .5) between the contrast enhancement values of benign and malignant lesions. In particular, @entity5 had values ranging 117.3 (+/- 28.7) to 125 (+/- 32.4), while benign lesions had -20.6 to 99.8 (+/- 21.1). Conversely, no difference in contrast enhancement was found at qualitative analysis. CONCLUSIONS: MRI is a promising tool for characterizing @entity1489 . Our preliminary results should be confirmed on larger series of @entity1 with the use of high temporal resolution imaging sequences.

title: [The assessment of XXXX with magnetic resonance with high resolution and a paramagnetic contrast medium].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['skin tumors']


abstract: Electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) are a category of supercapacitors; devices that store charge at the interface between electrodes and an electrolyte. Currently available commercial devices have a limited operating potential that restricts their energy and power densities. Ionic liquids (ILs) are a promising alternative electrolyte as they generally exhibit greater electrochemical stabilities and lower volatility. This work investigates the electrochemical performance of EDLCs using ILs that combine the @entity68504 anion with @entity65269 and @entity3104 based cations. Different activated @entity505 materials were employed to also investigate the influence of varying pore size on electrochemical performance. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and constant current cycling at different rates were used to assess resistance and specific capacitance. In general, greater specific capacitances and lower resistances were found with the @entity65269 based ILs studied, and this was attributed to their smaller cation volume. Comparing electrochemical stabilities indicated that significantly higher operating potentials are possible with the @entity3104 based ILs. The marginally smaller @entity65269 cation performed better with the @entity505 exhibiting the largest pore width, whereas peak performance of the larger @entity65269 cation was associated with a narrower pore size. Considerable differences between the performance of the @entity3104 based ILs were observed and attributed to differences not only in cation size but also due to the inclusion of a methoxyethyl group. The improved performance of the @entity4543 bond containing IL was ascribed to electron donation from the @entity26 atom influencing the charge density of the cation and facilitating cation-cation interactions.

title: Ionic liquid based EDLCs: influence of XXXX porosity on electrochemical performance.

entities_list: @entity68504 :: ('MESH:C575299', 'Chemical') :: ['bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide']

entities_list: @entity65269 :: ('CHEBI:30488', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonium']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3104 :: ('MESH:D000644', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: 1. The effect of @entity548 on minute ventilation, arterial blood pH and end-tidal @entity515 has been investigated in @entity468 anaesthetized with Nembutal. There was no change in minute ventilation with alteration of blood pressure above 100 mm Hg. Below this level ventilation progressively increased, the minute ventilation at 60 mm Hg being 33% above that at 100 mm Hg. The increase in minute ventilation was always associated with a fall in end-tidal @entity515 and a decrease in arterial blood @entity3884 ion concentration.2. The effects were not influenced by vagotomy, but were abolished by carotid sinus denervation or carotid body destruction. After vagotomy and sinus denervation or aortic and carotid chemoreceptor destruction, @entity548 resulted in a @entity308 of respiration.3. The changes in arterial blood pH and end-tidal @entity515 did not occur without a change in minute ventilation.4. When the changes in arterial blood pH during @entity548 were prevented by administration of @entity515 there was a marked increase in minute ventilation. It is concluded that the respiratory drive to respiration in the cat during @entity548 is controlled mainly by carotid body chemoreceptors and that the resultant alkalaemia decreases the respiratory response.

title: The effects of acute XXXX on respiration in the cat.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['haemorrhage']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 4047 Background: Despite a recent fall in incidence, @entity356 remains common in China. @entity1487 plus P is a standard treatment for AGC, producing response rates of 27-51% in randomized trials, although few Chinese data are available. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of replacing the @entity1487 component with X (Xeloda) as 1st-line therapy in Chinese AGC pts. METHODS: We enrolled 145 pts between @entity1178 2002 and May 2003. All had measurable AGC (WHO), and adequate Karnofsky PS, bone marrow, @entity177 . Prior radiotherapy or adjuvant chemotherapy was permitted. @entity1 received @entity416 1000 mg/m(2) orally twice daily on days 1-14 plus fractionated @entity900 20 mg/m(2) i.v. on days 1-5, every 3 weeks. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics of the 130 pts evaluable to date: 98 @entity1 , 32 @entity1 ; median age 53.7 years (range 23-80); median Karnofsky PS 80 (60-100); 82% of pts had 1 metastatic site, and 18% had >= 2, the most common being the lymph nodes (44%), liver (42%), and stomach (17%). The median treatment duration is currently 6 cycles (range 2-6). Efficacy findings are shown in the table: response rate 45% (95% CI, 36-53%). Median progression-free and overall survival have not yet been reached. There were no grade 4 and very few grade 3 adverse events (all <5%): SGPT and SGOT, @entity8566 , @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity417 , @entity294 , @entity448 , @entity2021 . Most events were easily managed with dose adjustment and/or suitable treatments, except 1 pt with @entity417 who withdrew after 2 cycles. CONCLUSIONS: X combined with fractionated P is highly active and very well tolerated as first-line treatment for AGC, with comparable results to @entity1487 /P. These results provide the rationale for randomized testing of the combination, although standard single infusion of P would enhance convenience. [Figure: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: @entity416 (X) combined with @entity900 (P) as 1st-line therapy in Chinese @entity1 (pts) with advanced XXXX (AGC).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal and hepatic functions']

entities_list: @entity8566 :: ('MESH:D060831', 'Disease') :: ['hand-foot syndrome']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with pulmonary @entity3 from @entity14 can benefit from surgical removal. However, the biological determinants of postsurgical outcome are not completely elucidated. We evaluated the role of host systemic @entity32 status in this setting. METHODS: The modified Glasgow prognostic score (based on serum @entity1851 and albumin levels) and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NTL) ratio were obtained from 44 @entity1 who received curative-intent metastasectomy, and were used as indicators of systemic @entity32 status. We tested the impact of both of these parameters on @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and progression-free survival (PFS), as well as their correlation with other well-known prognosticators. RESULTS: Five-year PFS and @entity1349 rates were 18% and 49%, respectively. At univariate analysis, multiple @entity3 , disease-free interval <36 months, and a Glasgow score of 2 (P = 0.031) were significantly associated to a worse PFS rate. A NTL ratio >3 predicted disease progression in the short-term (P = 0.036), but the effect on late events was weaker (P = 0.079). Factors associated with worse @entity1349 were multiple @entity3 (P = 0.002), elevated carcinoembryonic antigen (P = 0.009), a Glasgow score of 2 (P = 0.029), and a faster @entity3 growth (P = 0.008). At Cox regression analysis, neither a Glasgow score of 2, nor elevated NTL ratio showed an independent effect on survival rates. CONCLUSIONS: Systemic @entity32 scores did not perform well as independent survival prognosticators in @entity1 undergoing curative-intent pulmonary metastasectomy. Further investigation is warranted to evaluate whether these measurements could still be useful when restricting the analysis to specific @entity1 subcategories or to diverse postoperative phases.

title: Role of systemic @entity32 scores in pulmonary metastasectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: @entity26370 is the simultaneous occurrence of two or more implantation sites. A 25-year-old @entity249 @entity1 with a history of bilateral salpingectomy, uterine septum resection, and left cornual resection was diagnosed with @entity26370 in her second in vitro fertilization trial. She attended our clinic when she was 7-week pregnant, complaining initially of severe @entity490 . Findings associated with peritoneal irritation were positive during the physical examination. Transvaginal ultrasound revealed right cornual ectopic pregnancy with a live fetus in the middle of the uterine cavity. Also free fluid was noted in the pelvis. A diagnosis of @entity26370 with @entity8040 was made. She underwent emergency laparoscopy with aspiration of the ruptured ectopic pregnancy, suturing to the entire visible cornual margins, and assurance of good haemostasis. Her recovery was uneventful and she continued receiving care in our obstetric unit. She delivered a healthy newborn by cesarean section at term.

title: @entity8040 after bilateral salpingectomy and uterine septum resection resulting in term delivery of a healthy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertile']

entities_list: @entity26370 :: ('MESH:D063192', 'Disease') :: ['Heterotopic pregnancy', 'heterotopic pregnancy']

entities_list: @entity8040 :: ('MESH:D065173', 'Disease') :: ['rupture of the cornual pregnancy']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']


abstract: PURPOSE: To estimate retinal function in @entity6568 using the electroretinogram. METHODS: In this observational case series, the scotopic and photopic electroretinograms in three Japanese female @entity1 (case 1, 55 years old; case 2, 56 years old; case 3, 47 years old) who showed @entity989 but no @entity2687 were recorded. The rod and cone a-waves were analyzed by using the method described by Hood and Birch (1995, 1997). The parameters Rm(p3) (maximum a-wave amplitude) and S (sensitivity) were calculated. RESULTS: In case 1, the rod Rm(p3) was @entity735 . The rod S in the right eye was within the normal range, but that in the left eye was significantly reduced. Although the cone Rm(p3) was decreased, the cone S was within the normal range. In case 2, the rod and cone Rm(p3) was reduced, but the rod and cone S was within the normal range in both eyes. In case 3, the rod and cone Rm(p3) and S were within the normal range. CONCLUSIONS: Electroretinograms illustrated different disease stages, however, no eye with normal Rm(p3) and decreased S was found in rods and cones. In the early stages of this disease, decreased numbers of photoreceptors and/or outer segment shortening may be present while phototransduction remains normal. As the damage to the retina progresses, phototransduction becomes severely affected. Because reduced cone S was not observed in our cases, cones may be less involved than rods in this disease.

title: Rod and cone a-waves in three cases of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6568 :: ('MESH:C535440', 'Disease') :: ['Bietti crystalline chorioretinal dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['decreased in both eyes']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal deposits']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral crystalline retinal deposits']

answer: @entity6568 :: (MESH:C535440,Disease) :: ['Bietti crystalline chorioretinal dystrophy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study had two main objectives: 1. To enable @entity1 with @entity746 ( @entity746 ) who had not participated in previous @entity10891 trials to receive @entity10891 therapy, and 2. To expand safety experience with the drug in a broad @entity1 population. METHODS: This was a Phase IIIb multicentre, multinational, open-label, uncontrolled single treatment study of @entity10891 . @entity1 with diagnosed possible or probable @entity746 were administered 100 mg of @entity10891 /day (50 mg b.i.d.). Clinical and laboratory adverse events were recorded every month for the first 3 months and thereafter at 3-monthly intervals. RESULTS: 8383 @entity1 from 44 countries were entered into the study; 7916 of these @entity1 with recorded data were administered the study drug. The mean duration of @entity10891 treatment was 202.1 days, with a range of 1-630 days. The most frequently reported serious and non-serious adverse events were common symptoms of @entity746 ( @entity1576 and @entity1282 ), and only 1.9% of serious adverse events were considered to be related to the study drug. CONCLUSIONS: The safety results with this broad population (over 10% of the estimated @entity746 population worldwide) were consistent with those previously reported from placebo-controlled trials. No increase in adverse events and no unexpected adverse events were observed.

title: The Rilutek ( @entity10891 ) Global Early Access Programme: an open-label safety evaluation in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

answer: @entity746 :: (MESH:D000690,Disease) :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Because of the semi-voluntary nature of @entity1775 , @entity1 with @entity4676 ( @entity4676 ) often report self-initiated coping with @entity1775 . Our goals were to understand the experiences of self-initiated coping with @entity1775 by individuals with @entity4676 (e.g., suppression frequency, suppression ability, and side effects of @entity1765 ), and investigate the effects of tic control on quality of life (QOL). METHOD: One hundred @entity1 with @entity4676 (38 @entity1 and 62 adults) answered a questionnaire concerning tic control, QOL, and other clinical characteristics. RESULT: Fifty-eight percent of the @entity1 always or frequently tried to suppress @entity1775 daily. In contrast, over 90% felt uncomfortable or incomplete when they suppressed @entity1775 and needed concentration or extra effort to suppress them. Thirty-four percent could suppress @entity1775 for less than one minute and 65% could suppress @entity1775 for less than 10min. Higher subjective satisfaction with tic control was positively correlated with life satisfaction and QOL. CONCLUSION: Individuals with @entity4676 often attempt self-initiated coping in their daily lives, especially through @entity1765 , despite experiencing subjective discomfort and being aware that the duration of @entity1765 is often limited. Moreover, it was found that their subjective satisfaction with tic control and effective @entity1765 might have a positive influence on their life satisfaction and QOL. Thus, self-initiated coping with @entity1775 is vital for improving the QOL of individuals with @entity4676 and intervention aimed at enhancing subjective satisfaction with tic control could help manage @entity4676 .

title: Self-initiated coping with @entity4676 : Effect of XXXX on QOL.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1765 :: ('MESH:D013981', 'Disease') :: ['tic suppression']

entities_list: @entity4676 :: ('MESH:D005879', 'Disease') :: ['TS', "Tourette' syndrome"]

answer: @entity1765 :: (MESH:D013981,Disease) :: ['tic suppression']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to report the ocular manifestations and immunohistopathologic description of two rare forms of genodermatosis: @entity7063 ( @entity7063 ) and @entity57969 ( @entity57969 ). DESIGN: Case reports. @entity1 : Two @entity1 with @entity7063 and @entity57969 presenting with @entity102 were studied. INTERVENTION: Clinical photography to show ocular manifestations and dermatologic findings was performed. Conjunctival biopsy was performed to determine the histopathology and immunohistopathology. RESULTS: In the @entity1 with @entity57969 , the eyelid skin was dry, erythematous, and thickened. The lid margins showed plugging of some of the Meibomian glands, madarosis, and occasional @entity5055 . The epibulbar conjunctiva was injected and had a moderate papillary reaction. Both corneas had pronounced vascularization and stromal scarring. Conjunctival biopsy results disclosed a striking number of degranulating mast cells and moderate numbers of plasma cells. Immunohistopathology showed pronounced immunoglobulin G (IgG)-positive cells in the stroma and immunoglobulin A (IgA) positivity in the epithelium. There was scattered immunoglobulin M (IgM) and moderate C3 and C4 positivity in the stroma. In @entity7063 , the @entity1 had keratinized lid margins, @entity4548 formation, @entity5055 , cicatrizing conjunctivitis, and symblephra formation. The corneal surface was keratinized, with deep and superficial vascularization. Conjunctival biopsy specimens showed pronounced epithelial keratinization and @entity1544 . Degranulating mast cells and eosinophils were prominent in the stroma. Immunohistopathology showed C4 and immunoglobulin D positivity on the keratinized epithelial surface with rare foci of immunoglobulin E-positive cells. Basal epithelial cells were positive for IgA and IgG, and a large number of IgA and IgG plasma cells were present in the substantia propria. CONCLUSION: To the authors' knowledge, these case reports represent the first clinical description of the ocular manifestation of @entity57969 and the first immunohistopathologic description of the affected conjunctiva in @entity57969 and @entity7063 , both of which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of genodermatosis associated with @entity102 .

title: XXXX associated with @entity7063 and erythrokeratodermia variablis. Two rare genodermatoses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity7063 :: ('MESH:D019871', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'congenital dyskeratosis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic keratoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity4548 :: ('MESH:D004774', 'Disease') :: ['entropion']

entities_list: @entity5055 :: ('MESH:D058457', 'Disease') :: ['trichiasis']

entities_list: @entity57969 :: ('MESH:D056266', 'Disease') :: ['erythrokeratodermia variabilis', 'EKV']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['Chronic keratoconjunctivitis']