abstract: @entity191 ( @entity1726 ) is characterized by loss of melanin-positive dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. @entity320 (MM), a melanocyte-derived @entity5 , occurs with higher than expected frequency among @entity1726 @entity1 . Red-haired individuals exhibit a threefold risk for developing MM than dark-haired @entity1 ; @entity1726 risk also increases with lighter hair color. One plausible explanation for the associations between MM, hair color, and @entity1726 is the @entity22025 ( @entity22025 ) gene that plays a key role in hair and skin pigmentation as well as in MM predisposition. We hypothesized that specific @entity22025 variants may predispose to both MM and @entity1726 . Genotyping of the @entity22025 gene was performed for 16 @entity1726 @entity1 with MM ( @entity1726 + MM+) and for three sets of age, sex, and ethnically matched controls, including 36 @entity1 with @entity1726 ( @entity1726 + MM-), 37 with MM ( @entity1726 - MM+) and 37 with neither diagnosis ( @entity1726 - MM-). No association was found between @entity22025 variants and the co-occurrence of @entity1726 and MM. The risk for MM was higher in carriers of two @entity22025 variants versus with no @entity22025 variant (odds ratio (OR)   =   5.0, 95  % confidence interval (CI) 1.7-14.4, p   =   0.003). The risk for @entity1726 in carriers of two @entity22025 variants was markedly lower (OR   =   0.213, 95  % CI 0.063-0.725) compared with individuals with no @entity22025 variant (p   =   0.013). In this study, @entity22025 variants were not associated with both MM and @entity1726 . Further studies in larger cohorts are necessary to confirm these preliminary results.

title: The @entity22025 ( @entity22025 ) Variants Do Not Account for the Co-occurrence of @entity191 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity22025 :: ('4157', 'Gene') :: ['MC1R', 'melanocortin-1 receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Malignant Melanoma']


abstract: In @entity526 photolyase, excitation of the FAD cofactor in its semireduced radical state (FADH*) induces an electron transfer over approximately 15 A from @entity2340 W306 to the @entity1785 . It has been suggested that two additional tryptophans are involved in an electron transfer chain FADH* <-- W382 <-- W359 <-- W306. To test this hypothesis, we have mutated W382 into redox inert @entity815 . Ultrafast transient absorption studies showed that, in @entity7097 photolyase, excited FADH* decayed with a time constant tau approximately 26 ps to fully reduced @entity1785 and a @entity2340 cation radical. In @entity70270 mutant photolyase, the excited @entity1785 was much longer lived (tau approximately 80 ps), and no significant amount of product was detected. We conclude that, in @entity7097 photolyase, excited FADH* is quenched by electron transfer from W382. On a millisecond scale, a product state with extremely low yield ( approximately 0.5% of @entity7097 ) was detected in @entity70270 mutant photolyase. Its spectral and kinetic features were similar to the fully reduced @entity1785 /neutral @entity2340 radical state in @entity7097 photolyase. We suggest that, in @entity70270 mutant photolyase, excited FADH* is reduced by W359 at a rate that competes only poorly with the intrinsic decay of excited FADH* (tau approximately 80 ps), explaining the low product yield. Subsequently, the W359 cation radical is reduced by W306. The rate constants of electron transfer from W382 to excited FADH* in @entity7097 and from W359 to excited FADH* in @entity70270 mutant photolyase were estimated and related to the donor-acceptor distances.

title: Dissection of the triple XXXX electron transfer chain in @entity526 DNA photolyase: Trp382 is the primary donor in photoactivation.

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity2340 :: (CHEBI:27897,Chemical) :: ['tryptophan']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 with brain @entity3 from @entity320 have poor outcomes. Radiation is used both for prognostic and symptomatic value. We aimed to further clarify the role of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) as well as the prognostic implication of various sites of @entity85 . The records of 73 consecutive @entity1 treated at the University of Rochester Medical Center for brain-metastatic @entity320 from January 2004 to October 2013 were reviewed. The median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 3.0  months. @entity1 treated with WBRT alone had decreased @entity1349 compared to those treated with SRS alone (HR  =  0.38, p  =  0.001) or WBRT and SRS (HR  =  0.51, p  =  0.039). The mean number of brain @entity3 differed (p  =  0.002) in @entity1 in @entity1 who received WBRT (4.0) compared to those who did not (2.0). Among @entity1 with @entity85 (n  =  63), bone @entity3 (HR  =  1.86, p  =  0.047, n  =  15) was a negative prognostic factor; liver (HR  =  1.59, p  =  0.113, n  =  17), lung (HR  =  1.51, p  =  0.23, n  =  51) and adrenal @entity3 (HR  =  1.70, p  =  0.15, n  =  10) were not. In @entity1 with concurrent brain and lung @entity3 , those with disease limited to those two sites ( @entity1349  =  8.7 mo, n  =  13) had improved @entity1349 (HR  =  0.44, p  =  0.014) compared to those with additional disease ( @entity1349  =  1.8 mo, n  =  50). Based on this hypothesis-generating retrospective analysis, SRS may offer survival benefit compared to WBRT alone in @entity1 with brain metastatic @entity320 . Bone @entity3 appears to confer a particularly poor prognosis. Those with disease confined to the lung and brain may represent a population with improved prognosis.

title: Brain @entity3 from XXXX : the prognostic value of varying sites of @entity85 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['extracranial disease']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Use of antimicrobial agents is one of the important strategies to prevent @entity66 . These agents vary in their abilities to deliver preventive and therapeutic benefits. OBJECTIVES: This invitro study was conducted to assess antimicrobial efficacy of different toothpastes against various oral pathogens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of nine toothpastes in three groups were tested for their antimicrobial activity against @entity526 (ATCC 25922), @entity794 (ATCC 25923), @entity6586 (ATCC 0266P) and @entity5132 (Laboratory Strain) by modified agar well diffusion method. Statistical Analysis was performed using Minitab Software. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: @entity14789 -based dental formulation with combination of @entity1388 (1000ppm) exhibited higher antimicrobial activity against test organisms than the combination of lower @entity1388 -concentration or @entity18754 . Among herbal dentifrices, formulation containing Neem, Pudina, Long, Babool, Turmeric and Vajradanti showed significant antimicrobial activity against all the four tested microorganisms (p<0.05). However, against @entity6586 , all three herbal products showed significant antimicrobial activity. Homeo products showed least antimicrobial activity on the tested strains. Formulation with kreosotum, Plantago major and calendula was significantly effective only against @entity6586 . CONCLUSION: In the present study, antimicrobial activity of the toothpaste containing both @entity14789 and @entity1388 (1000ppm) as active ingredients showed a significant difference (p< 0.05) against all four tested microflora compared to that of with lower @entity1388 -concentration or @entity18754 . Of herbal groups, the only dentifrice containing several phytochemicals was found to be significantly effective and comparable to @entity14789 - @entity1388 (1000ppm) formulation. Thus, this herbal toothpaste can be used as alternative to @entity14789 -based formulations. However, these results might not be clinically useful unless tested invivo.

title: Comparison of Antimicrobial Efficacy of XXXX - Containing, Herbal and Homeopathy Toothpastes- An Invitro Study.

entities_list: @entity6586 :: ('1309', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus mutans']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['oral diseases']

entities_list: @entity14789 :: ('MESH:D014260', 'Chemical') :: ['triclosan', 'Triclosan']

entities_list: @entity18754 :: ('MESH:C012980', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium monofluorophosphate']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity14789 :: (MESH:D014260,Chemical) :: ['Triclosan']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: In @entity409 , reactive @entity26 species (ROS) are involved in cell @entity204 and @entity99 , but the mechanisms are not completely elucidated. To elucidate the mechanisms of hepatocyte cell @entity204 induced by the ROS @entity224 anions and @entity273 , primary cultures of hepatocytes were exposed to the @entity224 anion donor @entity8197 (10-50 micromol/L) or @entity274 (1-5 mmol/L). Hepatocytes were also treated with caspases and MAPKs inhibitors, @entity224 dismutase ( @entity970 -SOD) and SNAP, a @entity842 donor. Apoptosis was determined by measuring @entity8187 , -6, -3 activation and cleaved @entity9190 , and @entity39 cell @entity204 by Sytox Green staining. RESULTS: (1) @entity8197 (50 micromol/L) induces @entity4675 phosphorylation, @entity8187 , -6, -3 activation, @entity9190 cleavage and apoptosis. @entity224 anions-induced apoptosis is dependent on @entity4675 activity. @entity8197 (50 micromol/L) induces the phosphorylation of @entity1366 and this attenuates cell @entity204 . (2) @entity274 increases @entity39 cell @entity204 at high concentration or when @entity274 detoxification is impaired. @entity274 does not activate MAPKs signalling. (3) @entity970 -SOD prevents @entity1366 -, @entity4675 - phosphorylation, caspase activation and apoptosis induced by @entity8197 . @entity2041 depletion increases @entity8197 -induced apoptosis. (4) SNAP abolishes @entity8197 -induced apoptosis but increases @entity39 cell @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: In normal hepatocytes, @entity224 anions-induced caspase activation and apoptosis is dependent on @entity4675 activity and totally abolished by @entity224 scavengers.

title: @entity224 anions and @entity273 induce hepatocyte XXXX by different mechanisms: involvement of @entity4675 and ERK MAP kinases.

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

entities_list: @entity8197 :: ('MESH:D024483', 'Chemical') :: ['Menadione', 'menadione']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutathione']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['Superoxide', 'superoxide']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: Glycyrrhiza glabra L. is used in folk medicine for treatment of @entity1819 including @entity10189 . The hydroalcoholic extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (HEGG) was evaluated for antiulcerogenic activity and acute @entity137 profile in @entity19 . Various doses of HEGG (50-200 mg/kg) were administered orally to animals of different groups. @entity4546 and @entity4444 at doses of 30 and 100 mg/kg were used as positive controls, respectively. Stomach was opened along the greater curvature then ulceration index was determined examining the inner lining of stomach. Oral administration of the extract at 1600 mg/kg did not produce toxic symptoms and mortality in @entity19 . 2950 mg/kg was determined as the oral LD50. The HEGG (50-200 mg/kg) showed a significant reduction in @entity1066 index in @entity5828 / @entity1068 -induced @entity1066 . G. glabra extract (50-150 mg/kg) showed antiulcer activity against @entity3352 -induced @entity1819 dose dependently. The extract effectively inhibited formation of @entity1819 induced by @entity1068 . The extract (200 mg/kg) was more potent than @entity4546 (30 mg/kg). HEGG reduced the @entity1066 index in hypothermic stress induced @entity2275 in @entity19 and the antiulcer effect was comparable to that of @entity4444 . The results indicated that G. glabra hydroalcoholic extract exerted an antiulcergenic effect that could be associated with increase in gastric @entity33 factors.

title: Antiulcer properties of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. extract on experimental models of @entity2275 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['peptic ulcers']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['stomach disorders', 'gastric lesions']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal defensive']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole', 'Omeprazole']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcers']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The present study analyzed the changes in gene expression induced by the Cryotop vitrification technique in @entity291 blastocyst-stage embryos, using Agilent EmbryoGENE microarray slides. @entity291 in  vitro-produced embryos were vitrified and compared with nonvitrified (control) embryos. After vitrification, embryos were warmed and cultured for an additional 4  hours. Survived embryos were used for microarray analysis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) quantification. Survival rates were higher (P  <  0.05) in the control embryos (100%) than in the vitrified embryos (87%). Global gene expression analysis revealed that only 43 out of 21,139 genes exhibited significantly altered expression in the vitrified embryos compared to the control embryos, with a very limited fold change (P  <  0.05). A total of 10 genes were assessed by qPCR. Only the @entity68988 ( @entity68988 ) gene presented differential expression (P  <  0.05) according to both the array and qPCR methods, and it was overexpressed in vitrified embryos. Although, the major consequence of vitrification seems to be the activation of the apoptosis pathway in some cells. Indeed, @entity68988 is part of the activating protein 1 transcription factor complex and is implicated in a variety of cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Therefore, our results suggest that a limited increase in the rate of apoptosis was the only detectable response of the embryos to vitrification stress.

title: Effect of vitrification using the Cryotop method on the gene expression profile of in  vitro-produced XXXX embryos.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity69659 ( @entity69659 ) is a common, underdiagnosed @entity272 . OBJECTIVES: The main objectives of this study were to determine the occurrence of @entity69659 relative to age and gender, to analyze its cutaneous distribution, and to investigate any possible familial basis for this condition, its impact on @entity1 , and the types and efficacy of previous treatments. METHODS: All @entity1 presenting to the outpatient dermatology clinic at the study institution and their relatives were examined for the presence of @entity69659 and were questioned about family history and previous treatment. Photographs and biopsies of suspected cases of @entity69659 were obtained. RESULTS: Of 2400 @entity1 seen between August and December 2013, 286 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity69659 (135 males, 151 females; prevalence: 11.9%). @entity1 presented more frequently than @entity1 with complaints of @entity69659 (6.3 vs. 4.2%), and more @entity1 had received prior treatment for @entity69659 (10.5 vs. 2.8%). The most commonly affected sites were the face (100%), interscapular area (10.5%), and arms (3.1%). Lesions involved the nasal alae in 96.2%, the nasal tip in 90.9%, the chin in 55.9%, and the cheeks in 52.4% of @entity1 . Only 15.7% of @entity1 had @entity75 , and only 4.5% had @entity75 . Among the 38 previously treated @entity1 , 65.8% reported temporary improvement. CONCLUSIONS: @entity69659 is a common condition that predominantly affects the face in @entity1 of all ages. Additional studies employing larger cohorts from multiple centers will be required to determine the prevalence of @entity69659 in the general population.

title: Incidence of XXXX at a single institution in Yemen.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity69659 :: ('MESH:C536558', 'Disease') :: ['TS', 'Trichostasis spinulosa']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['forehead lesions', 'perioral lesions']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['cosmetic skin condition']

answer: @entity69659 :: (MESH:C536558,Disease) :: ['trichostasis spinulosa']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Compression ultrasonography is the mainstay of diagnosis of @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) of the legs. Compression ultrasonography can be extended to the entire deep venous system (whole-leg) or restricted to the proximal veins only (limited), and the two approaches are clinically equivalent. We aimed to assess the diagnostic value of an algorithm combining whole-leg and limited compression ultrasonography. METHODS: We did a prospective, multicentre, cohort study at eight centres in five countries. Consecutive outpatients aged 18 years or older with suspected @entity1150 underwent D-dimer measurement and pretest clinical probability assessment. @entity1150 was ruled out without further testing if pretest probability was unlikely and D-dimer was negative (group 1). @entity1 in whom either pretest probability was likely or who were positive for D-dimer underwent limited compression ultrasonography only (group 2). Finally, @entity1 in whom pretest probability was likely and who had a positive measurement for D-dimer underwent extended whole-leg compression ultrasonography (group 3). All @entity1 in whom @entity1150 was ruled out were followed up for 3 months. The primary outcome was the incidence of objectively recorded @entity1211 . The primary analysis included all @entity1 managed according to the study protocol. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01412242. The final results are reported here. FINDINGS: Between March 1, 2011, and July 31, 2014, 1348 consecutive outpatients were referred for this study, of whom 1162 were eligible to participate. After pretest probability assessment and D-dimer testing, 351 were in group 1, 401 in group 2, and 410 in group 3. Limited compression ultrasonography was positive in 12 (3%) @entity1 in group 2 and extended whole-leg compression ultrasonography was positive in 200 (49%) @entity1 in group 3. 82 (39%) of all @entity1150 diagnosed at baseline were isolated distal thromboses. 26 protocol violations were reported. Thus, 351 @entity1 from group 1, 371 @entity1 in group 2, and 202 @entity1 in group 3 who had been excluded for @entity1150 by the algorithm were included in the primary analysis at 3 months. One, four, and three DVTs were reported, respectively. Thus, the 3-month incidence of @entity1211 in untreated @entity1 after a negative diagnostic strategy was 0  87% (95% CI 0  44-1  70). INTERPRETATION: An algorithm combining limited and whole-leg compression ultrasonography could be a reliable, safe, and convenient method for diagnostic management of outpatients with clinically suspected @entity1150 . FUNDING: None.

title: Analysis of an algorithm incorporating limited and whole-leg assessment of the deep venous system in symptomatic outpatients with suspected XXXX (PALLADIO): a prospective, multicentre, cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep-vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep-vein thrombosis']


abstract: Slotted stainless Palmaz stents (PS) remain the most commonly used in @entity299 ( @entity299 ). Limitations of PS include @entity2003 , foreshortening, poor conformability on expansion, @entity397 , and jailing of side branches. Recently, stents with open-cell design (IntraStent; IS) in appropriate sizes for @entity299 have been introduced. We reviewed our experience with the IS, comparing performance with the PS in a retrospective nonrandomized, uncontrolled observational study. Between May 1999 and March 2001, 34 IS (10-36 mm) and 34 PS (10-40 mm) were implanted in 57 @entity1 (3 months to 25 years old; median, 3.24 years) in @entity282 . There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in efficacy, % diameter increase (162% +/- 203% for IS vs. 153% +/- 177% for PS), and % gradient reduction (69% +/- 23% for IS vs. 80% +/- 27% for PS). Other aspects of stent performance differed significantly (P < 0.05): PS forshortened more (mean 18% for PS vs. 0% for IS) and were associated with @entity397 (9/34 for PS vs. 0/34 for IS; P = 0.002), but had no evidence of intimal protrusion in between struts (0/34 for PS vs. 14/34 for IS; P < 0.001) and no recoil > 15% (0/34 for PS vs. 7/34 for IS; P = 0.006); IS conformed almost twice as well to vessel curvature (P = 0.003). Although these factors did not affect immediate procedural success, @entity397 in two PS resulted in stent malpositions. Among IS, the origins of three covered side branches were accessed and balloon dilated up to 6 mm through the side of the stent. In conclusion, stents with open-cell design have some characteristics that seem beneficial for their use in @entity299 : they foreshorten less, are conformable, are less likely to cause @entity397 , and can allow access to jailed branches. However, they have a higher incidence of significant percent recoil and protrusion of intimal tissue in between struts, which may impact long-term stent performance.

title: Open-cell design stents in XXXX : a comparison of IntraStent vs. Palmaz stents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['balloon rupture']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['congenital or postoperative lesions']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: Transcriptional regulation appears to be fundamental to circadian oscillations of clock gene expression. These oscillations are believed to control output rhythms. The transcriptional feedback loop and a model of interlocked loops have been proposed as the basis for these oscillations. We characterized the genomic structure of the @entity19 @entity14734 gene ( @entity14734 ) and defined the @entity14734 promoter region. Transcription of @entity14734 was activated by @entity26624 , @entity19344 , and @entity5394 , and was repressed by @entity8713 -CLOCK dimers. Therefore, CRY, @entity5394 , and @entity8713 -CLOCK play bidirectional roles in transcription when they are at high levels by late day and midnight, respectively. This underlies the opposite phase of @entity8713 compared to CRY and PER. We propose that a @entity8713 negative feedback loop interlocks with the CRY and @entity5394 negative feedback loop by inter-activation, forming a third positive forward loop. This transcriptional model suggests a molecular basis for the maintenance of stability, persistence, and period of circadian rhythms. The transcriptional potency of CRY is predominant within the @entity1 clock, suggesting a clearance mechanism for CRY in period maintenance. (c)2002 Elsevier Science (USA).

title: Interactivating feedback loops within the @entity1 clock: @entity8713 is negatively autoregulated and upregulated by @entity26624 , XXXX , and @entity5394 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

answer: @entity19344 :: (1408,Gene) :: ['CRY2']


abstract: The hypothalamic melanocortin system is unique among neuropeptide systems controlling energy homeostasis, in that both anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin ( @entity11982 )-derived and orexigenic @entity29930 ( @entity29930 )-derived ligands act at the same receptors, namely melanocortin 3 and 4 receptors (MC3/4R). @entity29930 clearly acts as a competitive antagonist at @entity39116 and @entity26472 but may also have an inverse agonist action at these receptors. The physiological relevance of this remains uncertain. We generated a @entity19 lacking both @entity11982 and @entity29930 [double knockout (DKO) @entity19 ]. Phenotyping was performed in the absence and presence of glucocorticoids, and the response to central peptide administration was studied. The phenotype of DKO @entity19 is indistinguishable from that of @entity19 lacking @entity11982 alone, with both exhibiting highly similar degrees of @entity7298 and @entity101 , fat, and lean mass compared with wild-type controls. After a 24-h fast, there was no difference in the refeeding response between @entity11982 (-/-) and DKO @entity19 . Similarly, @entity2819 supplementation caused an equivalent increase in food intake and body weight in both genotypes. Although the central administration of [ @entity41039   , @entity24561   ]-a-MSH to DKO @entity19 caused a @entity393 and an increase in brown adipose tissue @entity4305 expression, both of which could be antagonized with the coadministration of @entity29930 , there was no effect of @entity29930 alone. These data suggest @entity29930 acts predominantly as a melanocortin antagonist. If @entity29930 has significant melanocortin-independent actions, these are of insufficient magnitude in vivo to impact any of the detailed phenotypes we have measured under a wide variety of conditions.

title: Loss of agouti-related peptide does not significantly impact the phenotype of @entity19 XXXX deficiency.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased body length']

entities_list: @entity7298 :: ('MESH:D006963', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphagia']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in food intake']

answer: @entity11982 :: (18976(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['POMC']


abstract: Echocardiography is an established method for the diagnosis of @entity2294 . Echographic findings in @entity66 have also been described. The interpretation of a changing serial echogram during the clinical course of @entity66 has not been established. Sixteen @entity1 with echographic evidence of @entity2294 were followed with serial echographic studies. In seven, surgical or autopsy correlation was obtained. Because of the serial changes noted we undertook a study in @entity235 to clarify the problem of variability in intensity of sound reflected from the pericardial space. Three open-chested @entity235 were studied with rapid sequence surface echograms as blood introduced into the pericardial space was converted from the unclotted to the clotted state. In all three @entity235 blood clooting increased the intensity or sound reflected from the pericardial space. Our study of two @entity1 with fibroadhesive @entity66 documents serial changes in echoes from the pericardium and pericardial space accompanying the clinical evolution of the disease process, and suggests a method for avoiding the commonly encountered difficulty in proper identification of the pericardial and epicardial echoes. Our preliminary studies suggest that serial echograms should play an important role in the management of @entity1 with @entity2294 ; further surgical/pathological correlations are required.

title: The role of serial echocardiography in the evaluation and differential diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['fibroadhesive disease', 'pericardial disease']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['pericardial disease']


abstract: Cytokines direct the differentiation of naive @entity404 (+) T cells into either @entity379 -producing T(h)1 cells or @entity3646 -producing T(h)2 cells. In this study, we analyzed the activation of @entity6897 , @entity4104 and @entity11715 (together with @entity7116 and @entity8850 ), and the expression of the recently identified @entity19933 ( @entity19933 ) proteins, in differentiated T(h)1 and T(h)2 cells, both before and after re-stimulation with anti-CD3 and anti- @entity1361 . In addition to the polarized activation of @entity7116 in T(h)1 cells and @entity8850 in T(h)2 cells, we found that @entity4104 and @entity11715 are selectively activated in T(h)1 cells after differentiation. This activation of @entity4104 and @entity11715 was maintained after TCR re-stimulation. The selective activation of @entity4104 and @entity11715 in T(h)1 cells was associated with differential induction of @entity19933 molecules. After re-stimulation, @entity4635 expression was significantly increased in T(h)2 cells, but not in T(h)1 and non-polarized 'T(h)' cells. Additionally, the level of CIS was higher in T(h)2 cells compared with T(h)1 and T(h) cells. In contrast, the expression of @entity5740 was higher in T(h)1 cells. The differential induction of @entity19933 proteins was paralleled by the differential expression of cytokines in re-stimulated T(h)1 and T(h)2 cells ( @entity379 and @entity3646 / @entity4047 respectively). Our results suggests that @entity4104 and @entity11715 , possibly regulated by the @entity19933 proteins, may play a role in the differentiation of T(h) cells, and in the maintenance of the T(h)1 and T(h)2 phenotype.

title: Differential activation of @entity4104 and XXXX and induction of suppressors of cytokine signalling in T(h)1 and T(h)2 cells.

entities_list: @entity19933 :: ('1154', 'Gene') :: ['suppressor of cytokine signalling', 'SOCS']

entities_list: @entity6897 :: ('6772', 'Gene') :: ['signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1']

answer: @entity11715 :: (6776,Gene) :: ['STAT5']


abstract: PURPOSE: To summarize the characteristics of @entity16970 ( @entity16970 ) and to evaluate the therapeutic effect of drug therapy combined with transarterial embolization. @entity1 AND METHODS: From 2007 to 2011, 6 cases of @entity16970 that underwent drug therapy and transarterial embolization were retrospectively analyzed, comprising of 3 male and 3 female @entity1 ; the ages of the @entity1 ranged from 3 to 40 days. The lesions were located in the temporal region (1 of 6, 16.7%), parotid region (2 of 6, 33.3%), or submandibular region and neck (3 of 6, 50%). All the @entity1 were followed for 12 to 18 months. Therapeutic outcomes were assessed by evaluating the platelet count, coagulation parameters, and size of the lesion. RESULTS: Positive responses were visible shrinkage of the @entity2695 or lightening of the skin color of the @entity5 (or both) within 8 to 72 hours in 4 @entity1 (66.67%). These occurred within 1 week in 5 @entity1 (83.33%) and within 2 weeks in all @entity1 (100%). The mean platelet count before treatment was 18,000/L (range, 8,000 to 33,000/L). After the first week of medical treatment, the mean platelet count increased to above 80,000/L in 5 @entity1 (83.33%); it began to increase on the second day after embolization and reached 102,000/L in 1 @entity1 (16.67%). All 6 cases (100%) showed good results with treatment. A 12- to 18-month follow-up evaluation was obtained for all treated @entity1 , and no rebound growth or platelet count decreases were observed. No severe or obvious adverse complications were noted during all treatment courses. CONCLUSIONS: For most @entity2695 presenting with @entity16970 , good results can be obtained with systemic medical treatment. Transcatheter @entity1416 with @entity4832 particles combined with systemic medical treatment should be considered an efficacious and important therapeutic option for challenging cases.

title: Comprehensive therapy for XXXX presenting with @entity16970 in the maxillofacial region.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma', 'hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous tumor']

entities_list: @entity16970 :: ('MESH:D059885', 'Disease') :: ['KMS', 'Kasabach-Merritt syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolization']

answer: @entity2695 :: (MESH:D006391,Disease) :: ['hemangioma']


abstract: @entity157 ( @entity157 ) is a major health concern, and early @entity157 diagnosis is a primary radiological concern. The goal of imaging @entity1575 is the early identification of high-grade @entity6349 nodules/early @entity157 since their treatment is associated with a higher chance of radical cure and lower recurrence rates. The newly introduced MRI contrast agent @entity18497 ( @entity18497 , @entity18497 ) has enabled the concurrent assessment of @entity5 vascularity and hepatocyte-specific contrast enhancement during the @entity2763 ( @entity2763 ), which can help to detect and characterize smaller HCCs and their precursors. @entity2763 -EOB-MRI identifies hypovascular @entity157 nodules that are difficult to detect using ultrasonography or computed tomography, which do not show the diagnostic @entity157 hallmarks of arterial washin and portal/delayed washout. During the @entity2763 , typical @entity157 and early @entity157 appear hypointense on EOB-MRI, whereas low-grade @entity6349 or regenerative nodules appear as iso- or hyperintense lesions. The diagnostic accuracy of EOB-MRI for the diagnosis of early @entity157 is approximately 95-100%. One third of hypovascular hypointense nodules in @entity2763 become hypervascular 'progressed' @entity157 , with a 1- and 3-year cumulative incidence of 25 and 41%, respectively. Therefore, these hypovascular nodules should be strictly followed up or definitely treated as typical @entity157 . Due to this capability of identifying the precursors and biological behavior of @entity157 , EOB-MRI has rapidly become a key imaging tool for the diagnosis of @entity157 and its precursors, despite the scarce MRI availability throughout Europe. With increasing experience, EOB-MRI may eventually be established as the diagnostic imaging modality of choice in this setting. Full recognition by the Western EASL-AASLD guidelines is expected.

title: Focal lesions in the cirrhotic liver: their pivotal role in XXXX -enhanced MRI and recognition by the Western guidelines.

entities_list: @entity18497 :: ('MESH:C073590', 'Chemical') :: ['gadoxetic acid', 'Gd-EOB-DTPA', 'gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity2763 :: ('MESH:D000210', 'Disease') :: ['HBP', 'hepatobiliary phase']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'Hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

answer: @entity18497 :: (MESH:C073590,Chemical) :: ['gadoxetic acid']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity148 is among the most common and treatable @entity146 . Adrenergic and cannabinoid systems have an important role in the neurobiology of @entity148 . The elevated plus-maze (EPM) has broadly been used to investigate anxiolytic and anxiogenic compounds. The present study investigated the effects of intraperitoneal (IP) injection of cannabinoid @entity13677 receptor antagonist ( @entity14513 ) in the presence of alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist ( @entity3159 ) on @entity35 behavior in the EPM. METHODS: In this study, the data were obtained from male @entity35 @entity35 , which weighing 200- 250 g. Animal behavior in EPM were videotaped and saved in computer for 10 min after IP injection of saline, @entity14513 (0.3 mg/kg), @entity3159 (0.3 mg/kg) and @entity14513 + @entity3159 , subsequently scored for conventional indices of @entity148 . During the test period, the number of open and closed arms entries, the percentage of entries into the open arms of the EPM, and the spent time in open and closed arms were recorded. @entity3175 was considered as a positive control drug with anxiolytic effect (0.3, 0.6, 1.2 mg/kg). RESULTS: @entity3175 increased the number of open arm entries and the percentage of spent time on the open arms. IP injection of @entity14513 before EPM trial decreased open arms exploration and open arm entry. Whereas, @entity3159 increased open arms exploration and open arm entry. This study showed that both substances in simultaneous injection have conflicting effects on the responses of each of these two compounds in a single injection. DISCUSSION: Injection of @entity13677 receptor antagonist may have an anxiogenic profile in @entity35 , whereas adrenergic antagonist has an anxiolytic effect. Further investigations are essential for better understanding of anxiolytic and anxiogenic properties and neurobiological mechanisms of action and probable interactions of the two systems.

title: Interaction between Antagonist of Cannabinoid Receptor and Antagonist of Adrenergic Receptor on XXXX in Male @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['Diazepam']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['Prazosin']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['Anxiety']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity31790 ( @entity31790 ) is a deubiquitinating enzyme with key roles in the regulation of @entity876 and @entity2533 signaling, suggesting its importance in tumorigenesis. However, the mechanisms and regulatory roles of @entity31790 in @entity5 , including @entity14 , remain largely elusive. Here, we present the first evidence that @entity31790 regulates the growth, invasion, and @entity3 of @entity14 . @entity31790 expression was significantly elevated in @entity14 tissues and was significantly associated with @entity5 size, differentiation, distant @entity3 , and poor survival. Knockdown of @entity31790 diminished @entity14 cell growth, colony formation, migration, and invasion in vitro and @entity3 in vivo. Importantly, we found that @entity15931 ( @entity15931 ) is indispensable for @entity31790 -mediated oncogenic activity in @entity14 . Mechanistically, we observed that @entity31790 interacted with and stabilized @entity15931 via deubiquitination. This resulted in activation of @entity584 and reduction of @entity5962 , critical regulators of @entity5 cell growth and @entity3 . Examination of clinical samples confirmed that @entity31790 expression positively correlates with @entity15931 protein expression, but not mRNA transcript levels. Taken together, our results demonstrate that aberrant expression of @entity31790 contributes to the development and progression of @entity14 and reveal a critical mechanism underlying @entity31790 -mediated oncogenic activity. These observations suggest that the potential of harnessing proteolytic degradation processes for therapeutic manipulation may offer a much-needed new approach for improving @entity14 treatment strategies. @entity5 Res; 76(1); 1-13.   2015 AACR.

title: Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 4-Mediated Deubiquitination and Stabilization of XXXX Is Required for Potentiating Colorectal Oncogenesis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity15931 :: ('11156', 'Gene') :: ['phosphatase of regenerating liver-3', 'PRL-3']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity31790 :: ('7375', 'Gene') :: ['USP4', 'Ubiquitin specific protease 4']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity15931 :: (11156,Gene) :: ['PRL-3']


abstract: @entity3001 and @entity17991 ( @entity17991 ) are two emergent @entity7545 transmitted by the widely distributed European tick Ixodes ricinus. The life cycle of the vector and the number of hosts involved requires the development of complex models which consider different routes of pathogen transmission including those occurring between ticks that co-feed on the same host. Hence, we consider here a general model for @entity7545 . We assumed ticks feed on two types of host species, one competent for viraemic transmission of @entity281 , the second incompetent but included a third transmission route through non-viraemic transmission between ticks co-feeding on the same host. Since a blood meal lasts for several days these routes could lead to interesting nonlinearities in transmission rates, which may have important effects.We derive an explicit formula for the threshold for disease persistence in the case of viraemic transmission, also for the case of viraemic and non-viraemic transmission. From this formula, the effect of parameters on the persistence of @entity281 can be determined. When only viraemic transmission occurs, we confirm that, while the density of the competent host has always a positive effect on @entity281 persistence, the density of the incompetent host may have either a positive effect, by amplifying tick population, or a negative ("dilution") effect, by wasting tick bites on an incompetent host. With non-viraemic transmission, the "dilution" effect becomes less relevant. On the other hand, if the nonlinearity due to extended feeding is included, the dilution effect always occurs, but often at unrealistically high host densities. Finally, we incorporated the effects of tick aggregation on the hosts and correlation of tick stages and found that both had an important effect on @entity281 persistence, if non-viraemic transmission occurred.

title: Thresholds for disease persistence in models for XXXX including non-viraemic transmission, extended feeding and tick aggregation.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme disease']

entities_list: @entity17991 :: ('MESH:D004675', 'Disease') :: ['TBE', 'Tick-Borne Encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity7545 :: ('MESH:D017282', 'Disease') :: ['tick-borne infections', 'tick-borne diseases']

answer: @entity7545 :: (MESH:D017282,Disease) :: ['tick-borne infections']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Invasive @entity0 is the most common type of @entity5 in @entity1 worldwide. However, the mechanism responsible for @entity0 @entity3 is still unclear and needs further illustration. It has been proven that @entity1495 ( @entity1495 ) promotes @entity3 of the @entity5 cells. However, the interaction between @entity27350 and @entity1495 has not been studied. Therefore, in the present research, the effect of @entity1495 on the malignant progression of invasive @entity0 promoted by membrane @entity1420 receptora ( @entity27350 ) was investigated. The results showed that the protein expression of @entity27350 , p- @entity584 and @entity1495 increased in the cancerous tissues compared to that of the noncancerous breast tissue. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between @entity27350 and @entity1722 , as well as the number of involved local lymph nodes. On the other hand, a negative correlation was observed between @entity27350 and @entity172 receptors (ER) along with @entity1420 receptors (PR). Similarly, a positive association was found between @entity1495 and the number of involved local lymph nodes. Besides, the high expression of @entity1495 also had a positive correlation with the @entity5 size. However, the high level of @entity1495 had a negative correlation with ER and PR. In addition, there was a positive correlation between @entity27350 and p- @entity584 together with @entity1495 . The results confirm that @entity27350 was a major marker of harmful prognosis and it promoted the expression of @entity1495 during invasion to the local lymph nodes through the pathway of @entity10412 / @entity584 . The present study provided a novel therapeutic strategy to inhibit @entity0 growth by preventing @entity27350 signaling pathway.

title: @entity0 and XXXX by @entity27350 Through the @entity10412 / @entity584 Signaling Pathway.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-9', 'matrix metallopeptidase 9']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Metastasis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The effects of the solvent and protonation state on the electronic absorption spectrum of the @entity25371 ( @entity4901 ), a model of the photoactive yellow protein (PYP), have been studied using the ASEP/ @entity601 (averaged solvent electrostatic potential from molecular dynamics) method. Even though, in the protein, the chromophore is assumed to be in its @entity52998 monoanionic form, when it is found in water solution pH control can favor neutral, monoanionic, and dianionic species. As the @entity4901 has two hydrogens susceptible of deprotonation, both @entity3338 and @entity52998 monoanions are possible. Their relative stabilities are strongly dependent on the medium. In gas phase, the most stable isomer is the @entity52998 while in aqueous solution it is the @entity3338 , although the population of the @entity52998 form is not negligible. The s-cis, s-trans, @entity15735 , and anti conformers have also been included in the study. Electronic excited states of the chromophore have been characterized by SA-CAS(14,12)-PT2/cc-pVDZ level of theory. The bright state corresponds, in all the cases, to a     >    * transition involving a charge displacement in the system. The magnitude and direction of this displacement depends on the protonation state and on the environment (gas phase or solution). In the same way, the calculated solvatochromic shift of the absorption maximum depends on the studied form, being a red shift for the neutral, @entity3338 monoanion, and dianionic chromophores and a blue shift for the @entity52998 monoanion. Finally, the contribution that the solvent electronic polarizability has on the solvent shift was analyzed. It represents a very important part of the total solvent shift in the neutral form, but its contribution is completly negligible in the mono- and dianionic forms.

title: Solvent Effects on the Absorption Spectra of the XXXX Chromophore in Its Different Protonation Forms.

entities_list: @entity52998 :: ('CHEBI:50526', 'Chemical') :: ['phenolate']

entities_list: @entity25371 :: ('MESH:C032171', 'Chemical') :: ['para-coumaric acid']

entities_list: @entity3338 :: ('CHEBI:35757', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxylate']

answer: @entity25371 :: (MESH:C032171,Chemical) :: ['para-Coumaric Acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Summary OBJECTIVE : The aim of this study was to evaluate 1. the differences among the cleft sides of @entity3384 ( @entity3384 ) @entity1 , non-cleft sides of the same @entity3384 @entity1 and well matched control @entity1 in the root development and position of permanent upper central incisors and 2. possible gender differences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study sample consisted of 40 @entity1 (20 males and 20 females; mean age: 14.84  3.2 years) with non-syndromic @entity3384 @entity1 , and 40 control @entity1 (20 males and 20 females; mean age: 13.38  1.6 years). Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were taken off from all @entity1 . All tomographs were obtained in supine position by using CBCT (NewTom 5G, QR, Verona, Italy). RESULTS: Significant smaller root volume of central incisor was observed on the cleft side than on the non-cleft side of @entity3384 @entity1 (P < 0.05). No significant difference in the root development and position of the central incisors was found between the non-cleft side of the @entity3384 and the control group (P > 0.05). There were no statistically significant gender differences in any linear, angular, or volumetric measurements (P > 0.05). Only the root volume of the cleft side was smaller in females than in males (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In general, root volumes of central incisors on the cleft side were 12.15 per cent smaller than non-cleft side. Root development of the central incisor was much more influenced by the cleft in females than in males.

title: Effects of XXXX on the development of permanent upper central incisors: a cone-beam computed tomography study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['UCLP', 'unilateral cleft lip and palate']

answer: @entity3384 :: (MESH:D002971,Disease) :: ['cleft lip and palate']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the additive effects of two types of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), @entity18193 0.1% or @entity6058 0.45%, relative to topical @entity479 alone in @entity231 surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total 91 subjects scheduled to undergo @entity231 operation were randomized into three groups: Group 1, pre/postoperative bromfenac 0.1%; Group 2, pre/postoperative preservative-free @entity6058 0.45%; and Group 3, postoperative @entity479 only, as a control. Outcome measures included intraoperative change in pupil size, postoperative @entity32 control, change in macular thickness and volume, and ocular surface status after operation. RESULTS: Both NSAID groups had smaller intraoperative pupil diameter changes compared to the control group (p<0.05). There was significantly less ocular inflammation 1 week and 1 month postoperatively in both NSAID groups than the control group. The changes in central foveal subfield thickness measured before the operation and at postoperative 1 month were 4.30  4.25, 4.87  6.03, and 12.47  12.24  m in groups 1 to 3, respectively. In the control group, macular thickness and volume increased more in @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ), compared to those without @entity6 . In contrast, in both NSAID groups, NSAIDs significantly reduced macular changes in subgroups of @entity1 with or without @entity6 . Although three ocular surface parameters were worse in group 1 than in group 2, these differences were not significant. CONCLUSION: Adding preoperative and postoperative bromfenac 0.1% or @entity6058 0.45% to topical @entity479 can reduce intraoperative miosis, @entity86 , and macular changes more effectively than postoperative @entity479 alone.

title: The Effects of Two Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, Bromfenac 0.1% and XXXX 0.45%, on @entity231 Surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['anterior chamber inflammation']

entities_list: @entity18193 :: ('MESH:C053083', 'Chemical') :: ['bromfenac']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative inflammation']

answer: @entity6058 :: (MESH:D020910,Chemical) :: ['Ketorolac']


abstract: BACKGROUND: - @entity6817 substantially reduce cardiovascular mortality and appear to have beneficial effects independent of their lipid lowering properties. We evaluated the hypothesis that statin use may modulate the secretion of @entity1369 , a well-known contributor to @entity65 . METHODS AND RESULTS: -We measured adrenal hormones in two intervention studies. In study 1 in @entity101 subjects, @entity1369 was analyzed at baseline and after @entity2178 stimulation (AngII) on both high (HS) and low @entity1372 (LS) diets (1122 observations, 15% on @entity6817 > 3 months). Statin users had 33% lower @entity1369 levels in adjusted models (p < 0.001). @entity701 was not modified by @entity6817 . In secondary analyses, the lowest @entity1369 levels were seen with lipophilic @entity6817 and with higher doses. Statin users had lower blood pressure (BP) and reduced salt sensitivity of BP (p=0.001). In study 2, @entity1369 was measured in @entity6 @entity1 on a HS diet, before and after AngII stimulation (143 observations, 79% @entity6817 users). Again, statin users had 26% lower @entity1369 levels (p =0.006), particularly those using lipophilic @entity6817 . Ex vivo studies in @entity35 adrenal glomerulosa cells confirmed that lipophilic @entity6817 acutely inhibited @entity1369 , but not @entity2819 , in response to different secretagogues. CONCLUSIONS: -Statin use among @entity101 and @entity6 subjects was associated with lower @entity1369 secretion in response to AngII and LS diet in two @entity1 intervention studies. This effect appeared to be most pronounced with lipophilic @entity6817 and higher doses. Future studies to evaluate whether @entity1369 inhibition may partially explain the robust cardioprotective effects of @entity6817 are warranted.

title: Statin Use and Adrenal XXXX Production in @entity101 and @entity6 Subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6817 :: ('D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['statin', 'Statins', 'statins']

answer: @entity1369 :: (MESH:D000450,Chemical) :: ['Aldosterone']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity73 in @entity15 ( @entity15 ) is common even in the early stages of the disease. Our objective was to improve early detection of @entity73 in @entity15 . METHODS: Seventy-five @entity1 with relapsing remitting (RR) @entity15 and 20 controls were enrolled. Two RRMS groups were defined according to their results at the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT). @entity1 with a z score below two standard deviations were considered impaired. We quantified T2 and T1 lesion volumes, and cerebral white and grey matter volumes on a conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Global @entity1010 was evaluated using the third ventricle (V3) width (in mm). An average brain model was built based on controls and compared with the @entity1 's MRI to quantify regional volumetric changes. RESULTS: Sixteen (21.3%) @entity1 with RRMS had low PASAT performance. They had a higher Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score (P  =  0.019). T2 and T1 lesion volumes, and grey and white matter volumes were the same in both groups. An enlargement of the V3 width was observed in the low performer group (P  =  0.044) and V3 width was correlated with the PASAT score (r  =  -0.271; P  =  0.021). A composite score, named HV3, was obtained by adding the EDSS and V3 width (in mm) and correlated with the PASAT (r  =  -0.325; P  =  0.006). A cutoff HV3 score of over 5.5 identified @entity1 with low PASAT performance, with a positive predictive value of 92.5% and an accuracy of 70.1%. @entity194 was detected in the supplementary motor area, the cingulate gyrus, the right thalamus, and the inferior parietal lobules of @entity1 with lower PASAT performance. CONCLUSION: Specific brain morphological changes, including an enlargement of the V3 width, are associated with low PASAT performance in @entity1 with RRMS. The HV3 score is an additional and complementary tool, accessible in clinical practice, to suspect easily @entity73 in @entity1 with RRMS and to better identify @entity1 requiring a complete cognitive assessment.

title: The HV3 Score: A New Simple Tool to Suspect @entity73 in XXXX in Clinical Practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'Cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['Focal atrophy']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['Multiple Sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity28 is a national problem that has gained significant attention in both the medical literature and the national media. @entity28 in the adult population has been associated with increased failure of conservative treatments. Our hypothesis is that childhood @entity28 is associated with a loss of reduction after closed treatment of @entity174 . METHODS: A total of 157 @entity1 with consecutive @entity174 who underwent closed reduction in the emergency department or the operating room were included from the office records of the sole pediatric orthopaedic subspecialist group in a metropolitan area from January 2011 to June 2012. All cases were initially treated with fiberglass casting with or without closed reduction. All @entity1 completed the casting treatment and demonstrated radiographic union. @entity1 ' age, weight, height, number of office visits, subsequent surgeries, and @entity174 angulation were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: Sixty-six (42%) @entity1 were overweight (BMI>85th percentile) and 46 (29%) @entity1 met the criteria for @entity28 (BMI>95th percentile). Fourteen normal-sized @entity1 (12%) and 13 @entity28 @entity1 (28%) required a reduction in the operating room after initial treatment, which was significant (P=0.02). Obese @entity1 needed significantly more visits requiring radiographs (P=0.004). Obese @entity1 were significantly less likely to have an initial perfect reduction in the emergency room (P=0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The results of closed reduction and casting for displaced @entity174 are typically excellent with few complications or risks. The present study supports the hypothesis that @entity28 results in a higher rate of malreduction and subsequent manipulations with closed reduction and casting. Close follow-up and early consideration for additional treatment in this @entity1 population may help reduce the need for further manipulations. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III.

title: Childhood XXXX Increases the Risk of Failure in the Treatment of Distal Forearm Fractures.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['distal radius fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'Childhood obesity', 'obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Obesity']


abstract: Gangliosides are @entity3167 -conjugated glycosphingolipids that are believed to regulate cell differentiation as well as the signals of several signal molecules, including @entity470 ( @entity470 ). These compounds are localised in a glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomain on the cell surface and regulated by the glycosphingolipid composition. However, the role of @entity7746 in porcine embryos is not yet clearly understood. Therefore, in this study, the relationship between @entity4163 (GD1a) and @entity470 activation was investigated during meiotic maturation and further development in porcine oocytes. Porcine oocytes were cultured in the NCSU-23 medium supplemented with or without EGF and GD1a for 44h. Assessment of meiotic maturation was performed by using aceto-orcein staining method. Also, protein levels in matured oocytes were evaluated by Western blot analysis. After fertilization, presumptive zygotes were cultured in the PZM-3 medium for 6 days. All experiments were repeated more than 3 times. Data were analysed by using Student's t-test and Duncan's multiple range test. The proportion of GV arrested oocytes at 22h was significantly different between the EGF+GD1a-treated and untreated group (41.6  1.5 v. 25.0  0.0%; P<0.05). After completion of meiotic maturation (44h), the proportion of MII was significantly different between the EGF+GD1a-treated and untreated group (89.9  3.6 v. 57.4  5.3%; P<0.05). Also, expression of @entity470 protein in matured porcine oocytes was increased in the presence of EGF and GD1a. After IVF, the percentage of penetrated oocytes was significantly higher in the EGF+GD1a-treated group (89.1  2.3%), resulting in higher than normal pronucleus formation (2PN of 43.1  5.2%). Finally, in result, differences in preimplantation developmental potential were detected between the oocytes that were matured with or without EGF and GD1a (50.4  6.1 v. 27.2  2.7%; P<0.05). These results suggest that GD1a improves the developmental competence of embryos via enhanced meiotic maturation of porcine oocytes by @entity470 activation.

title: 300 XXXX improves meiotic maturation and preimplantation development of porcine oocytes.

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor', 'EGFR']

entities_list: @entity7746 :: ('MESH:D005732', 'Chemical') :: ['gangliosides']

entities_list: @entity3167 :: ('MESH:D019158', 'Chemical') :: ['sialic acid']

entities_list: @entity4163 :: ('CHEBI:28892', 'Chemical') :: ['ganglioside']

answer: @entity4163 :: (CHEBI:28892,Chemical) :: ['ganglioside']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity3470 nucleates two complexes, namely @entity3470 complex 1 and 2 ( @entity13407 and @entity15025 ), which are implicated in cell growth, survival, metabolism, and @entity5 . Phosphorylation of the a-subunit of translation initiation factor @entity15204 at @entity563 51 (eIF2a @entity69570 ) is a key event of mRNA translation initiation and a master regulator of cell fate during cellular stress. Recent studies have implicated @entity3470 signaling in the stress response, but its connection to eIF2aS51P has remained unclear. Herein, we report that genetic as well as catalytic inhibition of @entity15025 induces @entity15204 aS51P. On the other hand, the allosteric inhibitor @entity3446 induces @entity15204 aS51P through pathways that are independent of @entity13407 inactivation. Increased @entity15204 aS51P by impaired @entity15025 depends on the inactivation of @entity584 , which primes the activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident kinase @entity7952 / @entity7952 . The biologic function of @entity15204 aS51P was characterized in @entity2916 ( @entity2916 )-mutant cells, which are defective in @entity15025 and @entity584 activity. @entity2916 -mutant cells exhibit increased @entity7952 activity, which is downregulated by the reconstitution of the cells with an activated form of @entity584 . Also, @entity2916 -mutant cells are increasingly susceptible to ER stress, which is reversed by @entity584 reconstitution. The susceptibility of @entity2916 -mutant cells to ER stress is further enhanced by the pharmacologic inhibition of @entity7952 or genetic inactivation of @entity15204 aS51P. Thus, the @entity7952 /eIF2aS51P arm is an important compensatory prosurvival mechanism, which substitutes for the loss of @entity584 under ER stress. IMPLICATIONS: A novel mechanistic link between @entity3470 function and protein synthesis is identified in @entity2916 -null @entity5 cells under stress and reveals potential for the development of antitumor treatments with stress-inducing chemotherapeutics. Mol Cancer Res; 13(10); 1-12.   2015 AACR.

title: @entity15025 Balances @entity584 Activation and XXXX @entity563 51 Phosphorylation to Promote Survival under Stress.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity69570 :: ('p|SUB|S|51|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['S51P']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis complex', 'TSC']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity15204 :: (1965,Gene) :: ['eIF2a']


abstract: @entity3 is an aggressive, destructive process most commonly affecting the immunocompromised host. Although frequently fatal, prognosis is related directly to early recognition and aggressive treatment. Various reports advocate computed tomography (CT) scanning as the study of choice in evalucating suspected invasive @entity364 , reserving magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for select cases. Others report lack of correlation between CT and surgical or pathological findings. Our aim wasq to investigate the usefulness of CT and MR in the diagnosis of @entity3 . We retrospectively reviewed four cases of biopsy-proven invasive disease. Correlations between radiographic, endoscopic, and surgical findings were investigated. Rhizopus species were detected in three cases and mixed Mucor and Aspergillus species in another. Superimposed bacterial @entity1244 was confirmed in all cases. CT findings were nonspecific, revealing pansinusitis; no @entity79 or intracranial extension was noted. Mild @entity4550 was noted in one case. Anterior rhinoscopy revealed nonviable tissue in two @entity1 . Nasal endoscopy later confirmed tissue @entity63 in a third @entity1 , whereas a final @entity1 had normal findings on both exams. Nonspecific findings resulted in delay of diagnosis by 48-72 hours in two @entity1 with presumed bacterial @entity1244 . MR revealed intracranial extension in two @entity1 and better represented intraoperative findings. In conclusion, CT findings in @entity3 may be nonspecific and underestimate extent of disease. A high index of suspicion and early endoscopic examination with biopsy are mandatory for evaluation. MRI may better represent disease progression and should be considered early.

title: Usefulness of computed tomography and magnetic resonance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone destruction']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal disease']

entities_list: @entity4550 :: ('MESH:D054517', 'Disease') :: ['orbital cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Fulminant invasive fungal rhinosinusitis', 'invasive fungal rhinosinusitis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['fulminant invasive fungal rhinosinusitis']


abstract: Background   To determine the prevalence of a @entity1823 ( @entity1823 ) in the endolymphatic @entity4 population. Methods   This was a retrospective chart and radiology review of @entity1 seen at a tertiary care medical center. @entity1 were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th edition, code 386.xx (Meniere disease-unspecified), and were required to have undergone an imaging study that included views of the jugular bulb that were available for review. A radiologist then evaluated all of the imaging studies for evidence of @entity1823 or inner ear dehiscence with a @entity854 . Results   The prevalence of a @entity1823 in all endolymphatic @entity4 @entity1 was 9.0% (7 of 78), and it was 4.5% (7 of 156) in all ears. The prevalence of @entity1823 ipsilateral to an ear with endolymphatic @entity4 was 4.6% (4 of 88 ears); it was 4.4% (3 of 68 ears) in ears without endolymphatic @entity4 . The incidence of inner ear dehiscence with a @entity1823 was 1.3% (1 of 78). Electrocochleography results were not correlated with jugular bulb volume. Discussion   The results of this study indicate that a small subset of @entity1 treated for endolymphatic @entity4 @entity1 have a @entity1823 . Overall, these results suggest that @entity1823 does not play a major role in endolymphatic @entity4 , although it may play a role in a few isolated @entity1 .

title: The Prevalence of High-Riding Jugular Bulb in XXXX with Suspected Endolymphatic Hydrops.

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['HRJB', 'high-riding jugular bulb']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['hydrops']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['jugular bulb abnormality']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To determine @entity3488 levels in @entity1 with suspected intracranial events and to determine whether @entity3488 levels could be used in the discrimination of @entity385 , @entity932 , and @entity510 in the emergency room. METHODS: Blood samples were obtained from the @entity1 prior to imaging to determine the levels of @entity3488 . @entity1 were divided into diagnostic groups after the imaging. One hundred and seventy-six @entity1 , who were enrolled in the study, were as follows: 50 @entity385 ( @entity385 ) @entity1 (M/F: 24/26), 47 @entity932 ( @entity932 ) @entity1 (M/F: 27/20), 29 @entity510 ( @entity510 ) @entity1 (M/F: 17/12) and 50 healthy controls. Differences and correlations between groups were analyzed. RESULTS: Plasma levels of @entity3488 in @entity1 with @entity385 , @entity932 , and @entity510 were 5.49 ng/dL (IQR 4.73 to 6.96), 4.50 ng/dL (IQR 3.04 to 9.77), and 5.90 ng/dL (IQR 3.11 to 13.26), respectively. It was found to be 2.0 ng/dL (IQR 1.57 to 2.5) in healthy volunteers. There was no significant correlation between @entity3488 levels and @entity1779 Score (ICHS) (r = 0.231, p = 0.118). However, significant positive correlation was found between @entity3488 levels with the National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) (r = 0.365, p = 0.009) and the BotterelHunt and Hess Scale (BHHS) (r = 0.590, p = 0.001). The @entity3488 levels of 41 (32.5%) @entity1 who died were found to be significantly higher than those 85 (67.5%) @entity1 who were discharged (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3488 levels in @entity1 with @entity385 , @entity932 , and @entity510 are significantly higher than healthy volunteers, but the plasma level of @entity3488 is not decisive in the discrimination of @entity385 , @entity932 , and @entity510 .

title: @entity3488 Levels in XXXX , @entity932 and @entity510 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage', 'ICH']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['SAH', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['Intracerebral Hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity3488 :: ('551', 'Gene') :: ['Copeptin', 'copeptin']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['CI', 'cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Cerebral Infarction']


abstract: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) play an important role in angiogenesis. We wanted to determine if concentrations of growth factors in the coronary sinus (CS) and @entity13678 ( @entity13678 ) are higher in @entity453 @entity1 with total occlusions than in those with partial occlusions. Fifty-one @entity1 scheduled for coronary artery angiography were evaluated for possible recruitment. A 6F Goodale-Lubin catheter was used to collect blood from the CS and @entity13678 . Data for all but four @entity1 were gathered successfully, leaving 47 study @entity1 . The reviewer was blinded to growth factor data when interpreting coronary angiographic findings. Of the 47 enrolled @entity1 , 32 had at least one diseased vessel, seven of whom had at least one major total @entity1563 . In all 32 @entity1 , the concentrations of @entity7 in the CS were higher than those in the @entity13678 (31.5 +/- 2.7 vs 27.1 +/- 1.8 pg/mL; p = 0.005). @entity1 with total occlusions had higher @entity7 concentrations in the CS than those with non-total occlusions (38.9 +/- 8.0 vs 29.5 +/- 2.6 pg/mL; p = 0.037). The differences in @entity2533 in the two groups were not statistically significant. The higher CS @entity7 concentrations in @entity1 with total occlusion indicate that @entity7 may play a part in the development of angiogenesis.

title: Effects of total coronary artery occlusion on vascular endothieial growth factor and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity13678 :: ('MESH:D064752', 'Disease') :: ['RA', 'right atrium']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'Vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['epicardial coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta1', 'transforming growth factor beta']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity2533 :: (7040,Gene) :: ['transforming growth factor beta']


abstract: AIM: In @entity309 ( @entity309 ) hands, we applied high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) and 3  Tesla (3  T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which are new methods for erosion detection and @entity236 ( @entity236 ) quantification. We compared the erosion measurements between these techniques with conventional radiographs (CR) in order to examine their significance for evaluating @entity2526 . METHODS: In 16 @entity309 @entity1 , HR-pQCT of metacarpophalangeal and wrist joints, 3  T MRI of wrist joints, as well as CR in both hands and feet were performed. Ten @entity1 had 1-year follow-up CR. CRs were graded according to the modified Sharp score (MSS). Bone erosions were evaluated in HR-pQCT and MRI. @entity236 pattern was quantified from MRI for volume, signal change and total burden. RESULTS: The erosion detection sensitivity of MRI was 85.7% and CR was 60.9% when HR-pQCT was considered as a reference method. The smallest dimensions of erosion detected by HR-pQCT, MRI and CR were 0.09, 0.14 and 0.66  cm, respectively. Baseline total MSS was correlated with HR-pQCT erosion measures, MRI erosion measures and MRI @entity236 volume (P  <  0.05). The mean difference between baseline and 1-year follow-up MSS (delta MSS) was 1.2. A trend was observed toward a correlation between delta MSS and MRI @entity236 volume and burden. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that HR-pQCT detects more and smaller bone erosions compared to MRI and CR. In addition, 3  T MRI can provide quantitative measurement of @entity236 . Combination of HR-pQCT and MRI modalities may provide powerful tools to @entity32 and bone damage in @entity309 .

title: Correlation of XXXX of the wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints evaluated by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography, 3  Tesla magnetic resonance imaging and conventional radiographs in @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['evaluate joint inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['structural abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow edema', 'BME']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity2526 :: (MESH:D025063,Disease) :: ['structural abnormalities']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors attempted to determine the incidence of and risk factors for @entity1207 in @entity1 treated for @entity2 . They also sought to describe the corresponding posttreatment radiographic changes. METHODS: Between 1989-1993, 83 @entity1 received curative radiation therapy for @entity2 . Of these, 39 @entity1 were treated with definitive radiation therapy, and 44 @entity1 were treated with adjuvant radiation therapy after surgical resection. The median radiation therapy dose was 54 gray (Gy), and the median treatment area was 182 cm2. Chest radiographs obtained after radiation therapy were reviewed and scored for margin definition, @entity393 , and texture quality. RESULTS: A total of 17 @entity1 (20%) developed @entity1207 ( @entity1207 ). The median radiation therapy dose for the @entity1207 cohort was 54 Gy, and the median treatment volume was 193 cm2. The median time to onset of symptoms was 3 weeks after radiation therapy, and the median duration of symptoms was 10 weeks. Of the 15 evaluable @entity1 , symptoms resolved for 9 @entity1 , improved but persisted for 4 @entity1 , and @entity1207 was fatal for 2 @entity1 . The incidence of @entity1207 was increased for @entity1 with low performance status, comorbid lung disease, smoking history, low pulmonary function tests, and for those @entity1 who did not undergo a surgical resection. Posttreatment radiographic changes were common and progressed with time. Radiographic changes were more pronounced in the @entity1207 cohort, and extended outside the radiation therapy treatment field in the majority of @entity1 (67%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1207 developed in 20% of @entity2 @entity1 . Risk factors included low performance status, comorbid lung disease, smoking history, low pulmonary function tests, and the absence of a surgical resection. Posttreatment radiograph changes were common and progressed with time, and typically were not confined to the radiation therapy treatment field.

title: @entity1207 and radiographic changes after thoracic radiation therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['volume loss']

entities_list: @entity1207 :: ('MESH:D017564', 'Disease') :: ['Clinical radiation pneumonitis', 'CRP', 'clinical radiation pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung carcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity28 @entity1 are predisposed to developing insulin resistance and associated @entity209 such as @entity6 and @entity65 . The objective of this study was to determine the effect of bariatric surgery on adipose-derived inflammatory cytokines (adipokines), which play a key role in insulin resistance and @entity28 . We hypothesized that there is a significant increase in serum and tissue anti-inflammatory @entity1254 with a decrease in circulating pro-inflammatory @entity310 and @entity2842 , leading to reduced @entity32 post-bariatric surgery. METHODS: In this study, we investigated the effects of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) and laparoscopic gastric band on serum and tissue levels of @entity1254 and serum levels of @entity2842 and @entity310 . Samples of serum and adipose tissue were collected at the time of surgery, 2  weeks and 6  months postoperatively. Adipokine levels were assayed by ELISA kits. RESULTS: A significant increase in @entity1254 levels 2  weeks after surgery was observed in the subcutaneous adipose tissue in both groups combined. Serum @entity1254 in LRYGB @entity1 showed an increasing trend, while @entity2842 showed a decreasing trend post-surgery. There was no difference in @entity310 among the groups. The number of @entity1 enrolled did not allow for statistical power to be reached. CONCLUSION: Our results show significant and rapid increases in subcutaneous adipose @entity1254 as early as 2  weeks post-bariatric surgery demonstrating reduced @entity32 and possibly reduced insulin resistance. Future studies are warranted in larger cohorts with additional measurements of insulin sensitivity and @entity32 .

title: Effect of bariatric surgery on systemic and adipose tissue XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity', 'Obese']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: Pure @entity44 are considered to be @entity146 and less likely to @entity3 than other nonseminomatous @entity2971 . Therefore, @entity1 with mature @entity44 are considered to be candidates for surveillance protocols. We report on the clinical history and treatment of 44 @entity1 with a primary pure @entity17588 . In all, 35 @entity1 (79.5%) presented with clinically low-stage disease [n = 26, clinical stage I (59.1%); n = 9, clinical stage IIA/B (20.4%)] and underwent radical orchiectomy followed by retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy (RPLND); nine @entity1 (20.5%) presented with clinically advanced disease (clinical stage IIC to stage IV). @entity5 blocks were available for pathological reevaluation and serial sections were obtained in all cases. The frequency of lymph node @entity3 in @entity1 with clinical stage I disease was 19.2%; in @entity1 with clinical stage IIA/B the risk was 66%. Pathohistological diagnosis of @entity44 was confirmed in all cases; however, 17/20 @entity1 demonstrated scars or @entity730 in the adjacent parenchyma, indicating a burned-out @entity5 and 3/20 demonstrated microfocal germ cell @entity5 elements. None of the clinical stage I @entity1 relapsed during follow-up; relapse rate among @entity1 with stage IIA/B disease was 33%. Our data demonstrate the malignant potential of pure testicular @entity44 . Based on our results, @entity3 in testicular @entity44 seem to result from metastazising non-germ-cell components undergoing early regression as demonstrated by the high frequency of burnedout @entity5 . We recommend serial sections of the orchiectomy specimen in all cases of pure @entity44 for deciding on adequate management: RPLND in cases with associated scars, @entity730 or microfocal malignant germ cell components, and surveillance in cases with pure mature @entity44 .

title: [Clinical stage I XXXX of the testis--retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy or surveillance?].

entities_list: @entity17588 :: ('MESH:C562472', 'Disease') :: ['testicular teratoma']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['less aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'Archival tumor']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastasize']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['mature teratoma', 'teratomas']

answer: @entity44 :: (MESH:D013724,Disease) :: ['mature teratoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the underlying mechanism for the therapeutic effect of a traditional Chinese medicinal recipe, Antidotal and Myogenic Ointment ( @entity21663 ), on the foot @entity1066 in @entity6 @entity35 using cDNA microarray technology. METHODS: 45 @entity35 were made @entity6 by i. p. injection of @entity3839 . The treated animals were then fed for 6 months,and subjected to the dissection of distal popliteal artery after ligation of the vessels. Another month later, grade @entity130 was produced on the bottom of their foot as a model of @entity4760 . The @entity35 were then randomly divided into three groups (15 each) to receive @entity21663 , @entity8160 ( @entity8160 ) and saline for 30 days, with dressing change in every 2 days. The area of @entity1066 wound and their healing rate were recorded before and after the treatment. Total RNA was extracted from the tissue samples collected near the wound, and the expression profile of cytokine genes demonstrated using the microarry for @entity35 . RESULTS: In comparison with the saline group, difference in the level of expression was found in 25 genes (23 of them were up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) in @entity8160 group, and 30 genes in @entity21663 groups (29 of them up-regulated and 1 down-regulated ). In comparison with @entity8160 group, difference in level of expression was found in 16 genes in @entity21663 group, with 11 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated. Neurotrophic factors and chemotactic factors, etc were among the genes involved. CONCLUSION: In comparison with @entity8160 , @entity21663 is more effective in the treatment of foot @entity1066 in @entity6 @entity35 . It is possible that @entity21663 produces such effects through the regulation of balance in cytokine expression.

title: [A microarray study on the molecular mechanism for the therapeutic effect of Antidotal and Myogenic Ointment on the foot @entity1066 in @entity6 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity8160 :: ('25313(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor', 'EGF']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozocin']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['II burn injury']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot ulcer']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: AIM: Evidence suggests that subchondral bone can be used as a predictor for the onset of @entity571 . As such, there is a need to accurately and reproducibly quantify subchondral bone in areas where @entity571 develops. In this paper, we present a novel technique for the segmentation of subchondral bone in the tibiofemoral joint and assess the reproducibility of this method with multiple measures and users. METHODS: The right hind leg of seven C57BL/6 @entity19 were excised and imaged in  CT. The menisci and patella were manually segmented and the image data was Gaussian filtered and binarized. An in-house algorithm was used to generate cortical and epiphyseal volumes of interest and standard morphometric indices for bone were computed. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), absolute precision error (PE( @entity168 )), and precision error as a percentage of the coefficient of variation of the repeated measurements (PE(%CV)) were calculated for each index. Additionally, an inter-user study was performed using the same indices and statistics. RESULTS: For repeated measures, ICC ranged from 0.869 (cortical bone volume fraction, femur) to 0.994 (degree of anisotropy, femur). Similarly, PE(%CV) ranged from 0.84% (cortical bone volume fraction, femur) to 5.11% (connectivity density, tibia). For repeated users, no effect was seen in the femur with a slight effect in the tibia. CONCLUSIONS: A novel method for the @entity79 is presented and is shown to be reproducible in C57BL/6 @entity19 . This tool will allow for high-throughput studies of @entity571 in animal models.

title: Reproducibility of compartmental subchondral bone morphometry in the XXXX tibiofemoral joint.

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['automatic segmentation of cortical and epiphyseal bone']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Fifteen worm-free @entity742 (two-and-a-half to three months or four to four-and-a-half months old) were infected with 3500 or 4000 Ostertagia ostertagi larvae on five days each week for six weeks, and their performance compared to that of controls. Eleven @entity742 were killed after eight weeks and four were challenged with @entity24651 to determine whether any cross resistance had developed. A feature of the O ostertagi @entity281 was the considerable variation in response. Overall liveweight gain was lowered by 24 per cent in the two-and-a-half to three-month-old infected @entity742 , mainly due to reductions of 27 to 40 per cent in four of the seven @entity742 . There was no consistent effect in the older @entity742 . The worm populations consisted mainly of early fourth stage larvae and developing worms, but a small percentage reached sexual maturity and these produced a low faecal egg count (1 to 63 eggs per gram). Numerous intraluminal refractive crystals were present in the gut of both @entity5294 and developing stages, possibly reflecting degenerative changes. @entity1184 of the @entity5932 with patchy loss of differentiation was a feature of the @entity281 , and in four lambs serum pepsinogen concentrations were elevated. Exposure to O ostertagi did confer some protection against challenge with @entity24651 in that worm counts were reduced to about 60 per cent of those in controls, although no increase was observed in the numbers of arrested larvae. The successful passage of O ostertagi through young @entity742 could be important in mixed or alternate grazing systems by providing a reservoir of @entity281 for the alternate host.

title: Effect of Ostertagia ostertagi on lamb performance and cross resistance to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity24651 :: ('45464', 'Species') :: ['O circumcincta']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity5932 :: ('MESH:C565008', 'Disease') :: ['abomasal mucosa']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5294 :: ('MESH:D004320', 'Disease') :: ['adult worms']

answer: @entity24651 :: (45464,Species) :: ['O circumcincta']


abstract: @entity5425 is a rare condition with known risk factors. The @entity12652 describes @entity5426 of the arm or breast in the setting of adjuvant @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) after breast conservation surgery. @entity5425 , in the absence of @entity1161 , is rarer still. We present a unique case of @entity5425 , diagnosed 6 years after conservative surgery for @entity0 when no adjuvant @entity1161 was given. @entity282 in the breast delayed the investigation of skin changes, with an eventual diagnosis of @entity5426 . An isolated pituitary @entity3 9 months from the diagnosis, the first such reported case, adds to the complexity of the case. The diagnosis and management of @entity5425 is discussed. @entity5426 is a rare occurrence after breast conservative surgery. @entity86 can impede early diagnosis. The disease can display unique metastatic potential.

title: @entity5426 arising in an unirradiated breast with subsequent pituitary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the breast']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity12652 :: ('MESH:C537491', 'Disease') :: ['Stewart-Treves syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5425 :: ('MESH:C536368', 'Disease') :: ['Angiosarcoma of the breast', 'angiosarcoma of the breast']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcoma', 'Angiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative lymphoedema']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic postoperative lymphoedema']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Skin signs is associated with Aspergillus are rare and are seen principally in immunodepressed @entity1 . Distinction is generally made between primary @entity272 , caused by direct cutaneous inoculation with the offending organism, and secondary @entity272 , associated with peripheral emboli from an area of chronic @entity358 . There have been rare reports of indirect satellite skin signs resulting from @entity281 , and below we present such a case. @entity1 AND METHODS: A 40 year-old immunocompetent @entity1 consulted for erysipeloid plaques on the lower limbs recurring over a period of seven months. X-rays and CAT scans of the sinus demonstrated asymptomatic axillary @entity1244 probably caused by Aspergillus. The diagnosis was confirmed by surgery, which resulted in cure without additional antifungal treatment. The @entity32 subsided and after 15 months, there was no recurrence of lesions. DISCUSSION: The absence of relapse following treatment of the focus of @entity2381 forms a major argument in favour of a causal relationship between the @entity1909 . The hypothesis of a septic embologenic mechanism within the sinus was abandoned in favour of a mechanism similar to streptococcal nodular erythema, seen in diseases involving immune complexes, possibly caused by @entity566 to Aspergillus proteins. This case history demonstrates the existence of satellite skin signs of @entity281 indicative of neither primary nor secondary @entity2381 .

title: [Erysipelas-like XXXX of the legs revealing aspergilloma of the maxillary sinus].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory syndrome']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Aspergillus infection']

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary or sinus mycetoma']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['erysipeloid dermatitis and the sinus mycotic infection']

answer: @entity1909 :: (MESH:D003872,Disease) :: ['dermatitis']


abstract: This study was conducted to elucidate the magnitude of problem and the clinical course of invasive @entity7135 from 13 government hospitals in Thailand between 1994 and 1999. Thirty-six strains of @entity3631 were isolated from 16 blood and 24 cerebrospinal fluid specimens; 4 @entity1 had positive culture in both blood and CSF. Of the 16 strains, 9 (56.3%) were serogroup B. Seventy-one and eighty-four percent of the isolates were susceptible to @entity114 and @entity3524 / @entity2756 respectively. Five out of six @entity114 -nonsusceptible strains were found to be relatively resistant to @entity114 with the MIC of 0.125 microg/ml. Of 33 @entity1 whose medical records were available, 21 were males and 12 were females, with a mean age of 11.2 years. Fifteen @entity1 (45.5%) presented with meningococcemia and 18 @entity1 (54.5%) presented with @entity10217 . @entity551 and @entity4125 were found in 24.2% and 33.3% of @entity1 respectively. The overall mortality rate was 9.1%. In conclusion, @entity7135 is not common in Thailand, meningococcemia is a life-threatening condition whereas @entity10217 is much less severe. The prevalence of meningococci relatively resistant to @entity114 seems to be increasing.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX in 13 government hospitals in Thailand, 1994-1999.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity10217 :: ('MESH:D008585', 'Disease') :: ['meningococcal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity7135 :: ('MESH:D008589', 'Disease') :: ['meningococcal disease', 'meningococcal infection']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotension']

entities_list: @entity3631 :: ('487', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria meningitidis']

answer: @entity7135 :: (MESH:D008589,Disease) :: ['invasive meningococcal disease']