abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to compare the safety and efficacy of the synergistic sedation with a low dose of @entity1363 combined with @entity1875 versus the standard regimen of @entity1363 and @entity6882 for conscious sedation in colonoscopy in a group of @entity1 that included a sufficient number of elderly @entity1 with several comorbidities. METHODS: A total of 120 consecutive @entity1 undergoing colonoscopy in a prospective study were randomly assigned to one of two medication regimens (55 @entity1 were over 65 yr). @entity1 in group A (n = 64) received i.v. 2 mg (<70 kg b.w.) or 3 mg (>70 kg b.w.) of @entity1363 and a median dose of 80 mg of @entity1875 (range 40-150). @entity1 in group B (n = 56) received i.v. a median dose of 5 mg of @entity1363 (range 3-7) and 75 mg of @entity6882 (range 50-125). The @entity1 's comfort level was assessed by a 4-point scale 24 h after the procedure. The time to recover from sedation was assessed at 5, 10, and 30 min after the procedure by using the Aldrete score. RESULTS: Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that among sex, age, duration of the test, American Society of Anesthesiologists' Physical Status Classification grade, and the sort of sedation, the synergistic sedation with @entity1363 and @entity1875 was the only factor associated with a higher level of @entity1 comfort (chi2 = 5.5, p < 0.05). Additional multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that among sex, age, duration of the test, American Society of Anesthesiologists' Physical Status Classification grade, and the sort of sedation, the synergistic sedation with @entity1363 and @entity1875 was the only factor associated with a quicker @entity1 recovery time (chi2 = 24.5, p < 0.01; chi2 = 51.7, p < 0.01; chi2 = 148.4, p < 0.01 for Aldrete in 10 min, 20 min, and 30 min, respectively). The endoscopist's evaluation of @entity1 sedation and cardiorespiratory parameters were similar in both groups and in all age groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that the synergistic sedation with a low dose of @entity1363 combined with @entity1875 was superior to a standard combination of @entity1363 and the opioid @entity6882 for colonoscopies as far as the @entity1 comfort and recovery times are concerned.

title: Synergistic sedation with @entity1363 and XXXX versus @entity1363 and @entity6882 in colonoscopies: a prospective, randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['pethidine']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3580 are slow-growing @entity5 . Determination of histopathologic prognostic factors using a large cohort study has been limited by their low incidence. In this retrospective study, we investigated the clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical prognostic factors in 287 @entity3580 from 111 @entity1 assessed by central pathologic review. Expression patterns of a variety of markers, including @entity7 ( @entity7 ), @entity3470 pathway, @entity2467 , @entity1722 , @entity470 ( @entity470 ) and @entity4104 , and @entity984 , @entity817 , @entity470 , and @entity10160 mutations were analyzed. On univariate analysis, the results confirm surgery as the best treatment, as judged by @entity1 progression-free survival (PFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). Proton therapy, the presence of a dedifferentiated component, mitotic figures, and Ki67 and @entity876 labeling indices correlated with PFS. @entity39 and apoptosis correlated with @entity1349 . Based on these findings, we propose a histopathologic grading system that correlates with PFS and @entity1349 . On multivariate analysis, extent of resection, @entity5 grade, and proton therapy were independent prognostic factors of PFS; extent of resection, @entity5 location, and grade were independent prognostic factors of @entity1349 . Based on the expression of @entity470 , pSTAT3, @entity7 , and @entity3470 pathway proteins, (in 85.9%, 79.1%, 85.7%, and 46% of @entity3580 , respectively), and 2 new mutations in the @entity10160 gene, we also provide evidence for potential therapeutic targets.

title: Prognostic and Therapeutic Markers in @entity3580 : A Study of 287 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor', 'EGFR']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['Necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3580 :: ('MESH:D002817', 'Disease') :: ['chordomas', 'Chordomas']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tumors']


abstract: Between January 1989 and July 1995 the search for an unrelated donor (UD) was started for 379 consecutive Italian @entity1 with Philadelphia positive (Ph+) @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ). 89 (23%) were transplanted. The overall probability of transplant before and after December 1991 was 16% and 49%, respectively (P=0.0001), and average interval between search activation and graft was 23 months and 13 months, respectively (P=0.0001). Disease-free survival (DFS) following 60 consecutive transplants performed before February 1996 was 41.5% at 48 months and was 64% for @entity1 grafted after January 1993. In univariate analysis, five variables had a favourable effect on DFS: year of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) after 1993 (P=0.0002), @entity1533 donor/recipient (D/R) match (P=0.0006), total body irradiation (TBI) containing regimen (P=0.0006), @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) prophylaxis including 'early' cyclosporin before the transplant, and a marrow cell dose > 3 x 10(8)/kg of recipient body weight (P=0.04). Multivariate analysis confirmed that HLA identity (P=0.006), TBI-containing regimen (P=0.0001) and 'early cyclosporin' (P=0.04) were associated with higher DFS. Transplant-related mortality (TRM) was 67% in @entity1 grafted before January 1993 and 30% in @entity1 grafted subsequently (P=0.002). Multivariate analysis confirmed @entity1533 identity (P=0.03) and TBI-containing regimen (P=0.0005) to be independent factors predictive of low TRM. This suggests that the outcome of @entity1 transplanted from an @entity1533 matched donor, after a TBI-containing preparative regimen, is similar to results recently reported in @entity1 transplanted from geno-identical siblings. These results indicate that the search should be initiated at diagnosis for @entity1 < 45 years of age and UD BMT should be considered early in the disease course for those with an available @entity1533 -matched unrelated donor.

title: Unrelated donor marrow transplantation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GvHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myelogenous leukaemia']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['chronic myelogenous leukaemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relation between left ventricular (LV) remodeling and @entity943 after @entity583 is poorly documented. We investigated the relations between LV size, @entity1184 , and function and @entity943 in 263 @entity1 from the Survival and Ventricular Enlargement (SAVE) study, using quantitative 2D echocardiography and ambulatory ECG monitoring after @entity583 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Transthoracic 2D echocardiograms and @entity943 monitoring were performed at baseline (mean, 11 days) and 1 and 2 years after @entity1188 . LV size, short-axis muscle (mass) area (LVMA), and function were quantified from 2D echocardiograms. The prevalence of @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) and frequent @entity1540 ( @entity1540 [ @entity1540 ] >10/h) was assessed from ambulatory ECG. @entity1165 and @entity1540 >10/h occurred in 20% and 29% of @entity1 at baseline, in 22% and 35% at 1 year and 23% and 39% at 2 years, respectively. @entity1165 and @entity1540 >10/h at baseline and 1 and 2 years were significantly related to LV size, LVMA, and function. Furthermore, changes in LV size and function from baseline to 2 years predicted both @entity1165 and @entity1540 >10/h. The study was underpowered to detect treatment effect of ACE inhibitors and beta-adrenergic receptor blockers but did not alter the relations between @entity943 , LV size, and function. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative echocardiographic assessment of LV size, LVMA, and function and changes in these measurements over time predict @entity943 after @entity1188 . Altered LV architecture and function during postinfarction LV remodeling provide an important substrate for triggering high-grade @entity943 .

title: Left ventricular remodeling and XXXX after @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular ectopy', 'premature ventricular contractions', 'PVCs']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']


abstract: PURPOSE: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a critical @entity6 outcome, yet differences between youth and parent-proxy ratings can make interpretation difficult. This study aims to explore potential differences between self- and parent-reports of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) scores from youth with type 1 (T1D) or @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) and to evaluate associations between discrepancies, PedsQL scores, and glycemic control (HbA1c). METHODS: Youth and parents in the SEARCH for @entity6 in Youth Study (T1D: age 5-18, n  =  3402; @entity2175 : age 8-18, n  =  353) completed the PedsQL Generic and @entity6 Modules, and youth provided a blood sample to assess HbA1c. Discrepancies (youth minus parent PedsQL ratings) were calculated and examined by age and @entity6 , and associations with youth PedsQL scores and HbA1c were evaluated. RESULTS: Discrepancies existed between youth and parent-proxy reports of generic and @entity6 PedsQL scores in T1D and @entity2175 (all p values  <  0.01). Higher (more favorable) ratings were reported by youth except for those 5-7-years old, where parents' scores were higher. When parent-proxy scores were higher, discrepancies were largest when the @entity1 reported low PedsQL scores. Higher HbA1c was associated with larger discrepancies (youth scores higher) for adolescents with T1D. CONCLUSIONS: Discrepant PedsQL ratings suggest that parents may often underestimate youths' HRQOL except in the youngest @entity1 . Although examining both reports is optimal, the youth report should be prioritized, particularly for young @entity1 with T1D and for adolescents with either @entity2175 .

title: Whose quality of life is it anyway? Discrepancies between youth and parent health-related quality of life ratings in type 1 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D', 'T1D or T2D']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes type', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes']


abstract: @entity35 liver 60 S ribosomal subunits were modified with @entity36991 . After treatment with @entity273 , the cross-linked proteins were extracted and then separated into 24 fractions by chromatography on carboxymethylcellulose. Each protein fraction was then analyzed by diagonal @entity2975 - @entity3208 gel electrophoresis (Sommer, A., and Traut, R.R. (1974) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 71, 3946-3950). The pieces of gel containing cross-linked protein spots that were shifted from the diagonal line were labeled with 125I. The labeled protein was extracted from the gel and identified by three kinds of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, followed by autoradiography. Fifty-three @entity2915 involving 35 protein species containing two acidic proteins were identified. From these and previous results, a preliminary model of the protein topography of the 60 S ribosomal subunit was constructed and discussed in relation to other functional data on 60 S ribosomal proteins.

title: Cross-linking study on protein topography of XXXX liver 60 S ribosomal subunits with @entity36991 .

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity36991 :: ('MESH:C005905', 'Chemical') :: ['2-iminothiolane']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['cross-linked protein pairs']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The present clinical study implements a novel interventional strategy of short-term profound and selective blockade of GH receptors to reduce plasma insulin-like growth factor I ( @entity442 ) concentrations reversibly in healthy eumetabolic adults. Thereby, we examine the feedback role of systemic @entity442 on GH secretion without introducing the complex metabolic disarray that can otherwise accompany secondary @entity442 deprivation. To this end, we sampled blood at 10-min intervals for 10 h overnight in 8 @entity1 (aged 19-46 yr) and 4 @entity1 (aged 19-39 yr) to quantitate endogenous GH secretion and half-life 72 h after the prospective, randomly ordered, double blind, and within-subject cross-over administration of pegvisomant (1 mg/kg) or saline (0.5 mL) sc. Pegvisomant is an oligopegylated recombinant @entity1 GH peptide mutated to antagonize @entity9045 -dependent signaling. Statistical analyses of paired plasma @entity442 concentrations and deconvolution-based quantitation of pulsatile GH secretion revealed that @entity9045 blockade 1) suppressed fasting total @entity442 concentrations by 31%, viz. from (mean +/- SEM) 276 +/- 42 (placebo) to 190 +/- 20 microg/L (pegvisomant; P = 0.006) 84 h after drug injection; 2) increased the 10-h mean serum GH concentration by 71% from 1.4 +/- 0.33 (placebo) to 2.4 +/- 0.58 (pegvisomant; P = 0.024); 3) augmented the amplitude of underlying GH secretory bursts by 2.1-fold (i.e. from 0.13 +/- 0.032 to 0.27 +/- 0.076 microg/L.min; P = 0.0088); and 4) elevated the basal/nonpulsatile rate of GH secretion by 2.5-fold (from 2.3 +/- 0.77 to 5.07 +/- 1.8 microg/L.10 h; P = 0.022). The rise in the amplitude of GH secretory bursts correlated with the fall in plasma @entity442 concentrations (r = 0.603; P = 0.038). In contrast, @entity442 depletion did not alter GH secretory pulse frequency, half-duration, interpulse interval, percentage of pulsatile GH release, or half-life of endogenous GH. In summary, selective short-term reduction of systemic @entity442 concentrations in healthy eumetabolic adults drives GH secretion via the specific bipartite neuroregulatory mechanism of amplified GH secretory burst amplitude and elevated basal/nonpulsatile GH release. Endogenous GH half-life and frequency-related features of pulsatile GH secretion are not measurably affected, thus identifying a highly distinctive mode of @entity442 feedback-dependent control of GH output. As the increment in GH secretory burst amplitude correlated with the decrement in plasma @entity442 concentrations, we infer that variations in circulating @entity442 availability within the adult midphysiological range can influence pulsatile and basal GH production by way of negative feedback. Based on data in experimental animals, we speculate that the negative feedback actions of systemic @entity442 on GH secretion are mediated via increased hypothalamic @entity1943 release, decreased @entity7704 (or GH-releasing peptide) secretion, and/or suppressed pituitary GH biosynthesis.

title: Lowering total plasma insulin-like growth factor I concentrations by way of a novel, potent, and selective @entity9045 antagonist, pegvisomant (B2036-peg), augments the amplitude of GH secretory bursts and elevates basal/nonpulsatile GH release in healthy @entity1 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the risk factors and the radiological appearance of @entity1642 and acetabular roof. DESIGN AND @entity1 : Twenty @entity1 with sacral and acetabular roof insufficiency @entity174 were reviewed retrospectively. There were 16 @entity1 (80%) and 4 males (age range 48-86 years, excluding an 8-year-old @entity1 ). Thirteen @entity1 had a known @entity5 , and nine had received pelvic irradiation. All @entity1 , except one who was asymptomatic, presented with @entity1643 . In @entity1 with a known @entity5 , @entity3 were suspected. Plain radiography (20), bone scintigrams (16), MR examinations (20), and bone densitometry (14) were performed. Nine @entity1 also each had a CT scan. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: In three cases the CT scan performed 10-25 days after onset of symptoms was interpreted as normal. MR examination performed a few days after the CT scan showed in each of these three @entity1 a @entity174 line with a band of @entity4 . Scintigraphy was very sensitive, but the H-shaped pattern of sacral uptake, specific for an insufficiency @entity174 , was detected in only three of 16 cases. The earliest MR sign was medullary @entity4 , seen as early as 18 days after the onset of symptoms. On spin echo (SE) T1-weighted images (T1WI), the hypointense signal of @entity4 could mask a @entity174 line. On SE T2WI the @entity174 line could be detected within the hyperintense @entity4 (10 of 17 @entity1 with examinations including SE T2WI). However, in four @entity1 a @entity174 of the sacrum was not seen on T2WI, these having been obtained in the axial plane. For this reason, intravenous @entity2287 was injected, revealing a @entity174 line in 12 of 14 examinations, or fat suppression sequences were performed, revealing a @entity174 line in five of five cases. The total number of @entity174 detected was 17 [15 @entity174 of the sacrum (bilateral in 10 cases) and two of the acetabular roof]. At a later stage, the @entity4 resolved and the @entity174 was clearly seen. The two cases of @entity174 of the acetabular roof were easily recognized at MRI, particularly in the sagittal plane.

title: Role of MRI in the diagnosis of XXXX and acetabular roof.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back or hip pain']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['insufficiency fractures of the sacrum']

answer: @entity1642 :: (MESH:D015775,Disease) :: ['insufficiency fractures of the sacrum']


abstract: We previously reported (Gray, T. E., K. Guzman, C. W. Davis, L. H. Abdullah, and P. Nettesheim. 1996. Mucociliary differentiation of serially passaged normal @entity1 tracheobronchial epithelial cells. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 14:104-112) that @entity1968 (RA)-deprived cultures of normal @entity1 tracheobronchial epithelial (NHTBE) cells became squamous, failed to produce @entity3558 , and instead secreted or released large amounts of @entity16977 (LZ). The purpose of the studies reported here was to elucidate the relationship between @entity7245 -induced squamous differentiation and increased LZ, and to determine what mechanisms were involved. We found that intracellular LZ began to accumulate in @entity7245 NHTBE cultures early during squamous differentiation. Between Days 10 and 18 of culture, cellular LZ levels were more than 10 times higher in @entity7245 than in RA-sufficient cultures. On Day 12, large numbers of cells began to exfoliate in @entity7245 cultures and extracellular LZ appeared at the apical surface, presumably released from the exfoliated cells. Metabolic labeling studies showed that the rate of LZ synthesis was not increased in @entity7245 cultures over that in RA-sufficient cultures; however, intracellular LZ half-life was much longer in @entity7245 cultures. We concluded that the increased accumulation of both intra- and extracellular LZ in @entity7245 cultures was due to increased LZ stability and was not the result of increased LZ synthesis. When @entity7245 cultures were treated on Day 7 with 10(-6) M RA, intracellular LZ levels did not substantially decrease until 3 d later, coinciding with a marked increase in @entity3558 secretion. LZ messenger RNA levels were unchanged at 24 h, but were modestly increased (rather than decreased) at all subsequent time points. We concluded that RA does not directly regulate LZ, and that the excessive accumulation of LZ in RA-deprived NHTBE cells is a consequence of @entity904 deficiency-induced abnormal differentiation.

title: @entity16977 expression during metaplastic squamous differentiation of @entity1968 -deficient XXXX tracheobronchial epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity7245 :: ('MESH:D000592', 'Disease') :: ['RA-deficient', 'RA deficiency']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We describe a case of @entity43689 -associated @entity302 and @entity4790 in a @entity1 with a de novo pathogenic mutation. This @entity1 is unique in being the first reported male with this phenotype, and we propose that this genetic variant may represent a mutation hotspot that characterizes a unique phenotype. This 5.2-years-old @entity1 presented with @entity410 , @entity4790 , and severe @entity245 . Brain imaging showed progressive @entity194 . EEG monitoring revealed multifocal and diffuse discharges, along with generalized-onset @entity410 . Genetic testing found a de novo pathogenic variant in the @entity43689 gene ( @entity69160 ; @entity67692 ). A review of the literature showed two other @entity1 with similar phenotype and the same genetic variant. In contrast, other @entity1 with @entity16 had private mutations in the @entity43689 gene. The neurological phenotypes associated with @entity43689 mutations appear to lie on a spectrum, and it is possible that the @entity69160 ( @entity67692 ) variant characterizes a phenotype with both severe @entity302 and @entity4790 . [Published with video sequence on www.epilepticdisorders.com].

title: @entity43689 -associated XXXX and movement disorders: @entity69160 variant represents a probable mutation hotspot with a distinct phenotype.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity67692 :: ('p|SUB|G|203|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Gly203Arg']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological involvement']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['global developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse cerebral atrophy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic encephalopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Mustard operation is a complex atrial rerouting performed in @entity1 with @entity3886 ( @entity3886 ). Cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI)-dependent @entity956 ( @entity956 ) is an important problem in these @entity1 . While catheter ablation (CA) is successful, three-dimensional (3D) mapping is necessary to prove block at the CTI. 3D mapping, however, requires baffle puncture. We tested a simplified concept to prove @entity616 after CA for @entity956 in Mustard @entity1 . METHODS: During electrophysiology study, catheters were placed in the high and low systemic venous atrium (HSVA and LSVA) and in the low pulmonary venous atrium (LPVA). LPVA and then LSVA were paced while recording in the HSVA and the alternate site. While pacing from one low site, the time taken to activate the other low site and the HSVA was compared before and after successful ablation. RESULTS: Three @entity1 with Mustard operation and @entity956 underwent successful CA. Involvement of the CTI in @entity956 was proved by entrainment mapping. @entity956 was terminated during ablation and no longer inducible after ablation in all. LSVA pacing showed LPVA activation preceded HSVA activation preablation and activation pattern reversal after ablation. Likewise, LPVA pacing showed LSVA activation preceding HSVA preablation with reversal after ablation. CONCLUSION: This study provides a simple method to demonstrate bidirectional block at the CTI in @entity1 with CTI-based @entity956 after Mustard operation for @entity3886 .

title: Simplified demonstration of cavotricuspid XXXX after catheter ablation in @entity1 after Mustard's operation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3886 :: ('MESH:D014188', 'Disease') :: ['transposition of the great arteries', 'TGA']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter', 'AFL']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['isthmus block']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['isthmus block']


abstract: Genetic susceptibility to primary @entity320 (PCM) may account for up to 12% of PCMs, presenting as the @entity6349 ( @entity6349 ), an @entity74 with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity, characterized by PCM in at least two relatives and/or more than one PCMs in the same @entity1 . To identify individuals at high genetic risk of PCM, from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2015, we offered genetic counselling and molecular analysis of the two high-penetrance @entity6349 susceptibility genes, @entity986 ( @entity986 ) and @entity8985 ( @entity8985 ), to 92 consecutive, unrelated @entity1 with @entity6349 . Age at diagnosis and number of PCMs were obtained from medical records; the number of PCMs and affected relatives were recorded for each family. The diagnostic work-up consisted of genetic counselling and cascade genetic testing in @entity1 and further extension to relatives of those identified as mutation carriers. All exons and exon/intron boundaries of @entity986 and @entity8985 genes were screened by direct bidirectional sequencing. We identified @entity986 mutations in 19 of the 92 unrelated @entity1 (20.6%) and in 14 additional, clinically healthy relatives. Eleven of these latter subsequently underwent excision of @entity6349 , but none developed PCM during a median follow-up of 37.3 months. In three @entity1 from unrelated families, the novel @entity986 @entity69072 ( @entity69073 ) mutation was observed, associated with PCM in each pedigree. Genetic screening of @entity6349 @entity1 and their relatives can contribute towards specific primary and secondary prevention programmes for individuals at high genetic risk of PCM. The novel @entity986 @entity69072 ( @entity69073 ) mutation adds to the known mutations associated with @entity6349 .

title: Genetic counselling and high-penetrance susceptibility gene analysis reveal the novel XXXX @entity69072 ( @entity69073 ) mutation in @entity320 -prone families from Italy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous melanoma']

entities_list: @entity986 :: ('1029', 'Gene') :: ['cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A', 'CDKN2A']

entities_list: @entity8985 :: ('1019', 'Gene') :: ['cyclin-dependent kinase 4', 'CDK4']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant condition']

entities_list: @entity69072 :: ('p|SUB|D|84|V', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.D84V']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic nevi', 'familial atypical mole/multiple melanoma syndrome', 'FAMMM']

answer: @entity986 :: (1029,Gene) :: ['CDKN2A']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ) afflicts up to 20% of older @entity1 and is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity, but a rather low risk of progression of leg symptoms. These risk estimations are largely taken from cohort studies performed 20 years ago. To test the validity of this, available data were systematically reviewed and attempts were made to perform meta-analyses of CV risk and disease progression. METHODS: A database literature search was conducted of the period 1990-2015 using related subject headings. Inclusion criteria were cohort studies for @entity3657 , sample size >100 subjects, follow up time >= 1 year, and studies presenting endpoints covering mortality and/or CV events. Analyses were performed for a reference population, as well as groups with @entity10094 ( @entity10094 ), symptomatic @entity3657 , and subjects with ankle brachial index <0.9. RESULTS: Of 354 identified articles, 35 were eligible for systematic review. Sample size varied between 109 and 16,440 subjects. Mean age in the cohorts ranged from 56 to 81 years (SD 10.8) and mean follow up was 6.3 years (range 1-13). Most included @entity1 with symptomatic @entity3657 had @entity2337 (91%). Symptomatic @entity3657 subjects had higher 5 year cumulative CV mortality than the reference population, 13% versus 5%. During follow up, approximately 7% of @entity10094 @entity1 progressed to @entity2337 , and 21% of @entity2337 @entity1 were diagnosed as having @entity63 , with 4-27% undergoing amputations. CONCLUSION: The risk to the limb is underestimated in @entity3657 @entity1 , whereas the CV related morbidity is more moderate than stated in the guidelines. The latter observation is especially valid for @entity2337 @entity1 . These findings should be considered when evaluating @entity1 for treatment.

title: The Risk of Disease Progression in XXXX is Higher than Expected: A Meta-Analysis of Mortality and Disease Progression in @entity3657 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral arterial disease', 'PAD']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['critical limb ischemia']

entities_list: @entity10094 :: ('MESH:D058070', 'Disease') :: ['APAD', 'asymptomatic PAD']

answer: @entity3657 :: (MESH:D058729,Disease) :: ['Peripheral Arterial Disease']


abstract: 1. The possible role of intracellular @entity141 levels ([ @entity141 ]i) in desensitization of nicotinic @entity934 receptors (AChRs) was investigated in @entity35 cultured chromaffin cells by use of combined whole-cell patch clamping and confocal laser scanning microscopy with the fluorescent dye @entity3576 . 2. On cells held at -70 mV, pressure-application of @entity1239 elicited inward currents with associated [ @entity141 ]i rises mainly due to influx through nicotinic AChRs. These responses were blocked by @entity2899 (10 microM) but were insensitive to alpha-bungarotoxin (1 microM) or @entity3280 (0.1 mM). 3. Pressure applications of 1 mM @entity1239 for 2 s (conditioning pulse) evoked inward currents which faded biexponentially to a steady state level due to receptor desensitization and were accompanied by a sustained increase in [ @entity141 ]i. Inward currents evoked by subsequent application of brief test pulses of @entity1239 were @entity308 but recovered with a time course reciprocal to the decay of the [ @entity141 ]i transient induced by the conditioning pulse. 4. Omission of intracellular @entity141 chelators or use of high extracellular @entity141 solution (10 mM) lengthened recovery of nicotinic AChRs from desensitization while adding @entity18650 or @entity4527 intracellularly had the opposite effect. When the patch pipette contained @entity3576 or no chelators, after establishing whole cell conditions the rate of recovery became progressively longer presumably due to dialysis of endogenous @entity141 buffers. None of these manipulations of external or internal @entity141 had any effect on onset or steady state level of desensitization. 5. High spatial resolution imaging of [ @entity141 ]i in intact cells (in the presence of 0.1 mM @entity3280 ) showed that its level in the immediate submembrane area decayed at the same rate as in the rest of the cell, indicating that @entity141 was in a strategic location to modulate (directly or indirectly) AChR desensitization. 6. The present data suggest that desensitized nicotinic AChRs are stabilized in their conformation by raised [ @entity141 ]i and that this @entity1032 their recovery to full activity.

title: Imaging of intracellular calcium during desensitization of nicotinic XXXX receptors of @entity35 chromaffin cells.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['phenomenon retards']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity2899 :: ('MESH:D014403', 'Chemical') :: ['(+)-tubocurarine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare @entity1073 ( @entity1073 ) and @entity706 ( @entity706 ) for their features of clinical presentation, response to chemotherapy, and prognosis on the basis of a prospective randomized clinical trial. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity11708 and FCL who entered onto the prospective randomized comparison of @entity786 , @entity1891 , and @entity229 ( @entity9107 ) versus @entity42870 and @entity2664 (PmM) followed by a second randomization for interferon (IFN) maintenance versus observation only. RESULTS: One hundred sixty-five of 234 @entity1 had FCL and 45 of 234 @entity1 had @entity11708 . With FCL, both sexes were equally affected ( @entity1 , 47%); @entity1 with @entity11708 were predominantly @entity1 (78%; P < .0004) and had a higher median age (64 v 53 years; P < .0001). @entity1 with @entity11708 also had more @entity66 , reflected by the proportion of @entity1 with two or greater extranodal manifestations (43% v 21%; P < .005) and nine or greater involved nodal areas (64% v 45%; nonsignificant [NS]). Response to chemotherapy was significantly lower in @entity1 with @entity11708 (complete remission [CR] + partial remission [PR], 69% v 88%; P < .05) and occurred at a slower pace. @entity1 with @entity11708 also had a shorter event-free interval (median, 8 v 24 months; P < .0001) and overall survival (median, 28 v 77 months; P < .0001). In both subtypes, however, @entity1 with less than two residual lymphoma manifestations in remission experienced a relatively good prognosis with an estimated 5-year survival of greater than 60% for @entity11708 and greater than 75% for FCL. CONCLUSION: @entity11708 and FCL differ substantially in their features of presentation, response to chemotherapy, and long-term prognosis. The extent of @entity66 after completion of chemotherapy discriminates @entity1 with different prognosis and may be used for the stratification of postremission strategies.

title: @entity1073 have more XXXX and a slower response to chemotherapy compared with @entity706 : results of a prospective comparative analysis of the German Low-Grade Lymphoma Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity42870 :: ('MESH:D011238', 'Chemical') :: ['prednimustine']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease', 'widespread disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['FCLs', 'follicle-center lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['MCLs', 'mantle-cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['widespread disease']


abstract: Acquired and inherited @entity49 are associated with @entity393 ( @entity393 ). Antithrombotic therapy could restore hemostatic balance and improve early placentation and gestational outcome. We evaluated the efficacy of @entity2120 adapted to the fertility program for prevention of @entity393 in 35 @entity1 (W) with early @entity393 and @entity49 . Previous to the diagnosis of @entity49 , they had had a total of 105 gestations of which 89 (85%) ended in early @entity393 . After diagnosis of @entity49 , 35 subsequent pregnancies were treated with @entity2120 . In 5 cases assisted reproductive techniques were necessary to achieve pregnancy due to @entity249 . In 17 W who had had at least one preclinical @entity393 , @entity2120 (20 mg/d/s.c.) was started previous to conception and adapted to the fertility program. All the @entity1 continued with the gestational regime. Eighteen W with only clinical @entity393 started @entity2120 (20 mg twice per day s.c.) after biochemical pregnancy diagnosis. During gestations heparin dose was adjusted with anti Xa test, maintaining a range between 0.3 at 0.6 u/ml. With antithrombotic therapy, 30/35 (85%) of the pregnancies ended in live birth versus 16/105 (15%) of the pregnancies without treatment (p < 0.001). These results suggest that @entity2120 adapted to the fertility program can be effective in the prevention of preclinical and clinical abortion in @entity1 with @entity49 .

title: [Treatment with @entity2120 adapted to the fertility programs in XXXX with recurrent abortion and @entity49 ].

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['couple infertility']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophilia']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy loss', 'recurrent pregnancy loss', 'RPL']

entities_list: @entity2120 :: ('MESH:D017984', 'Chemical') :: ['enoxaparin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Research suggests that @entity1375 ( @entity1375 ) influences insulin sensitivity and @entity413 tolerance. Reductions in thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations are associated with exercise training (ExTr), which improves insulin sensitivity and @entity413 uptake. PURPOSE: A secondary analysis of previously published data was conducted to examine the relationship between @entity1375 , TSH and @entity413 homeostatic control at baseline and to assess the impact of ExTr on thyroid status and how @entity1375 affects changes in insulin sensitivity after ExTr. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were obtained from a 36-week ExTr and whey protein supplementation intervention trial. Subjects (n = 304, 48    7 years, females = 186) were randomized to a specific whey protein group (0, 20, 40, or 60 g per day) and all subjects participated in a resistance (2 d/wk) and aerobic (1 d/wk) training program. Testing was conducted at baseline and post-intervention. RESULTS: At baseline, 36% (n = 110) and 12% (n = 35) of subjects were classified with @entity1375 based on the TSH >=  3   IU/L or TSH >=  4.5   IU/L cut-offs, respectively. No association was found between baseline TSH and baseline measures of @entity413 homeostatic control. Whey protein supplementation did not influence intervention outcomes. Post-intervention (n = 164), no change was observed in TSH. @entity1375 did not affect changes in insulin sensitivity following ExTr. CONCLUSION: These results support that the health benefits of ExTr for the management of insulin resistance (IR) are not blunted by @entity1375 .

title: Thyroid status, insulin sensitivity and XXXX tolerance in overweight and obese adults before and after 36 weeks of whey protein supplementation and exercise training.

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['SHT', 'subclinical hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This article describes our experience with neck dissection in 10 @entity1 with @entity957 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2007 and October 2009, 10 @entity1 underwent primary surgery for the treatment of @entity1544 . For @entity1 with N0 disease on clinical exam, selective neck dissection (SND [I-III]) was performed. In @entity1 with palpable cervical @entity3 (N+), modified radical neck dissections were performed, except in one @entity1 in whom SND (I-III) was performed. The histopathologic reports were reviewed to assess the surgical margins, the presence of extra-capsular spread, perineural invasion, and lymphatic invasion. RESULTS: On histopathologic examination, positive soft tissue margins were found in three @entity1 , and regional lymph node @entity3 were present in five of the ten @entity1 . Perineural invasion was noted in five @entity1 , and extra nodal spread was found in four @entity1 . Regional recurrence was seen in two @entity1 and loco-regional recurrence plus distant @entity3 to the tibia was observed in one @entity1 . During the study period, three @entity1 died. Seven @entity1 remain free of disease to date. CONCLUSION: Histopathological evaluation provides important and reliable information for disease staging, treatment planning, and prognosis. The philosophy of neck dissection is evolving rapidly with regard to the selectivity with which at-risk lymph node groups are removed. The sample size in the present study is small, thus, caution should be employed when interpreting these results.

title: Neck dissection for XXXX : our experience and a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oral squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['oral squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Compartment syndrome refers to a condition of compromised circulation within a limited space due to increased pressure within that space. The reduced tissue perfusion results in reduced venous drainage, leading to increased interstitial tissue pressure and subsequent compromised arterial flow. Although not as common as compartment syndrome of the leg and forearm, compartment syndrome of the hand is not rare and can lead to devastating sequelae as a result of tissue @entity39 . Compartment syndrome of the hand has several etiologies, including @entity130 , @entity1317 , @entity130 , and constrictive bandaging. The cardinal clinical sign is @entity158 that is aggravated by passive stretching of the muscles within the involved compartments. Extremity function is usually restored with expeditious fasciotomy of the involved @entity2054 , and complications, such as @entity121 and Volkmann's @entity5649 , can usually be prevented. There are no reported cases of compartment syndrome of the hand in @entity1 with @entity785 or @entity2407 . @entity785 is a form of @entity2631 that affects the skin and internal organs. The limited cutaneous subset affects the skin of the extremities but is associated with a set of characteristic features that includes @entity730 , @entity2407 , esophageal involvement, sclerodactyly, and @entity8721 . This report describes an unusual case of a @entity1 who had spontaneous compartment syndrome of the hand. The @entity1 's concomitant limited cutaneous @entity785 may have played a role in this unusual occurrence. The diagnosis was based on the clinical picture, and the symptoms resolved after surgical decompression. [Orthopedics. 2015; 38(9):e849-e851.].

title: Spontaneous Compartment Syndrome of the Hand in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity5649 :: ('MESH:D054061', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic contracture']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ["Raynaud's phenomenon"]

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcinosis']

entities_list: @entity2054 :: ('MESH:D003161', 'Disease') :: ['myofascial compartments']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['arterial injury']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic muscular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'thermal injury']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic sclerosis', 'systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['Systemic Sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Some randomized clinical trials of @entity2643 therapy to prevent @entity1164 have had positive results and others have had negative results, but all were relatively small. This meta-analysis aimed to pool all trials to assess the effect of @entity2643 on mortality and the impact of differences in @entity1 population and study design on trial outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifteen randomized trials were identified, and outcome measures were combined by use of a random effects model. The effect of @entity1 population and study design on total mortality was assessed by use of a hierarchical Bayes model. @entity2643 reduced total mortality by 19% (confidence limits, 6% to 31%; P<.01), with somewhat greater reductions in cardiac mortality (23%, P<.001) and @entity944 (30%, P<.001). Mortality reductions were similar in trials enrolling @entity1 after @entity583 (21%), with @entity1002 (22%), and after @entity1167 (25%). There was a trend toward greater risk reduction in trials requiring evidence of @entity1540 (25%) than in the remaining trials (10%). The trials using placebo controls had considerably less risk reduction (10%) than trials with active controls (27%) or usual care controls (42%, posterior odds <0.02). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2643 reduced total mortality by 10% to 19% in @entity1 at risk of @entity1164 . @entity2643 reduced risk similarly in @entity1 after @entity583 , with @entity712 , or with clinically evident @entity943 . The apparent inconsistencies among results of randomized trials appear to be due to small sample sizes and the type of control group used, not the type of @entity1 enrolled.

title: Quantitative overview of randomized trials of @entity2643 to prevent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone', 'Amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular ectopy']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1164 :: (MESH:D016757,Disease) :: ['sudden cardiac death']


abstract: PURPOSE: Heterozygous germline @entity2750 mutations are causative of @entity9658 ( @entity1491 ), but detection rates > 70% have rarely been reported. We aimed to define the causative mutations in individuals with @entity9658 without @entity2750 mutations. METHODS: We undertook exome sequencing on lymphocyte DNA from four unrelated individuals from families with @entity9658 with no @entity2750 mutations found by Sanger sequencing, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), or RNA analysis. RESULTS: A germline heterozygous nonsense mutation in @entity25181 was identified in one of four exomes. Sanger sequencing of @entity25181 in 23 additional @entity2750 -negative @entity9658 families identified a @entity25181 mutation in a second family. Copy-number analysis of @entity25181 by MLPA revealed a large heterozygous deletion in a third family. All three @entity25181 -positive families fulfilled diagnostic criteria for @entity9658 , although none had odontogenic jaw keratocysts. Each @entity25181 -positive family included a single case of @entity2946 , whereas only two (1.7%) of 115 individuals with @entity9658 and a @entity2750 mutation developed @entity2946 . CONCLUSION: We demonstrate convincing evidence that @entity25181 mutations can cause classical @entity9658 . Our study redefines the risk of @entity2946 in @entity9658 , dependent on the underlying causative gene. Previous reports have found a 5% risk of @entity2946 in @entity9658 . We found a < 2% risk in @entity2750 mutation-positive individuals, with a risk up to 20* higher in @entity25181 mutation-positive individuals. Our data suggest childhood brain magnetic resonance imaging surveillance is justified in @entity25181 -related, but not @entity2750 -related, @entity9658 .

title: Germline Mutations in XXXX Cause Gorlin Syndrome-Associated @entity2946 and Redefine the Risk Associated With @entity2750 Mutations.

entities_list: @entity9658 :: ('MESH:D001478', 'Disease') :: ['Gorlin syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['naevoid basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity25181 :: (51684,Gene) :: ['SUFU']


abstract: @entity1118 in a distal extremity that is accompanied by @entity5433 in the same region is taken to indicate @entity6865 . Typically, @entity1931 to light touch is present in addition to the spontaneous @entity158 . The absence of @entity1931 indicates that the underlying mechanism is central rather than peripheral sensitization. This mechanism is similar to that of secondary @entity1931 in the intact skin surrounding an injury site. Sympathetically maintained @entity158 (SMP) is diagnosed, when these sensory symptoms are reversible under sympathetic blockade. SMP is not due to @entity2915 of sympathetic efferents but to receptor supersensitivity, probably by overexpression of alpha(1)-adrenergic receptors on nociceptive primary afferents. This way normal levels of @entity1063 can cause pathological spontaneous activity of nociceptors which maintains the central sensitization. @entity1118 and @entity1931 may also be independent of the sympathetic innervation of the skin. In this case, central sensitization is maintained by other mechanisms. A role of the sympathetic nervous system in the pathogenesis of @entity158 cannot be deduced simply from the simultaneous presence of sensory and autonomic clinical signs and symptoms. Therefore, sympathetic blockade in a @entity1 initially is a diagnostic procedure, aiming to demonstrate the presence of the symptom SMP. Therapeutic blockade is only indicated after this demonstration. For the substantial number of @entity1 with sympathetically independent @entity158 , other treatment modalities are needed which may for @entity6220 .

title: [Pathophysiology and diagnosis in @entity1 with sympathetically dependent XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['example attack central sensitization']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia', 'cutaneous hyperalgesia', 'heat hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity6865 :: ('MESH:D012019', 'Disease') :: ['reflex sympathetic dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic burning pain', 'Chronic pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: @entity2 generally carries a poor prognosis and the determinants of survival have been of interest. However, survival estimates in Asian populations are scarce. This study describes survival rates and their determinants in Singapore Chinese @entity1 , a primarily non-smoking population. Three hundred and twenty-six Chinese @entity1 , diagnosed with primary @entity2 in three major hospitals in Singapore between April 1996 and December 1998, were followed up till 31 December 2000. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. Two hundred and eighty (85.7%) died from the disease during follow-up. The median survival time was 0.7 years and the three-year survival was 15.8%. These survival rates are similar to those of Western populations, and they provide a basis for examining trends over time. Age at diagnosis was an independent prognostic factor [adjusted hazard ratio (relative risk) 1.4, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.1-1.9 for @entity1 above 65 years relative to younger @entity1 ]. Most (70.5%) @entity5 were stage III/IV at diagnosis. Three-year survival ranged from 72% among @entity1 with @entity5 to 7% for stage IV @entity5 . Overall, there was no survival difference among different histological types in all stages combined. When limited to stages I and II @entity5 , @entity420 were associated with a better outcome relative to other histological subtypes combined (adjusted relative risk 0.4, 95% CI 0.1-1.0). Smoking was an independent risk factor (adjusted relative risk 1.3, 95% CI 1.0-1.8). Nevertheless, non-smokers comprised 57.4% of this series, highlighting the importance of increased awareness among health professionals and the public that @entity2 is not only a disease of smokers. The high proportion of @entity5 in this study and the impact of disease stage on outcome underline the importance of early detection in improving survival of @entity2 .

title: Survival among Chinese XXXX with @entity2 in Singapore: a comparison by stage, histology and smoking status.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancer', 'lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage I tumours', 'late-stage tumours', 'cancers', 'tumours']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: High performing clinical decision rules (CDRs) have been derived to predict which head-injured @entity1 requires a computed tomography (CT) of the brain. We set out to evaluate the performance of these rules in the Singapore population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective observational cohort study of @entity1 aged less than 16 who presented to the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) from April 2014 to June 2014 with a history of @entity542 . Predictor variables used in the Canadian Assessment of Tomography for @entity542 (CATCH), @entity1 's @entity542 Algorithm for the Prediction of Important Clinical Events (CHALICE) and Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) CDRs were collected. Decisions on CT imaging and disposition were made at the physician's discretion. The performance of the CDRs were assessed and compared to current practices. RESULTS: A total of 1179 @entity1 were included in this study. Twelve (1%) CT scans were ordered; 6 (0.5%) of them had positive findings. The application of the CDRs would have resulted in a significant increase in the number of @entity1 being subjected to CT (as follows): CATCH 237 (20.1%), CHALICE 282 (23.9%), PECARN high- and intermediate-risk 456 (38.7%), PECARN high-risk only 45 (3.8%). The CDRs demonstrated sensitivities of: CATCH 100% (54.1 to 100), CHALICE 83.3% (35.9 to 99.6), PECARN 100% (54.1 to 100), and specificities of: CATCH 80.3% (77.9 to 82.5), CHALICE 76.4% (73.8 to 78.8), PECARN high- and intermediate-risk 61.6% (58.8 to 64.4) and PECARN high-risk only 96.7% (95.5 to 97.6). CONCLUSION: The CDRs demonstrated high accuracy in detecting @entity1 with positive CT findings but direct application in areas with low rates of significant @entity131 ( @entity131 ) is likely to increase unnecessary CT scans ordered. Clinical observation in most cases may be a better alternative.

title: Clinical Decision Rules for Paediatric XXXX : Are CT Scans a Necessary Evil?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['Head Injury', 'head injury', 'Childhood Head Injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['Minor Head Injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity3167 ( @entity33944 ), a type of @entity3167 , has close links with @entity165 metabolism and is often used as a biomarker in evaluating the risk of @entity65 . However, most studies on the health implications of @entity33944 have focused on its effects on the nervous system, while its effects on cardiovascular risk factors have largely been unreported. Thus, the effects of @entity33944 on coagulation status in high fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemic @entity35 were evaluated in this study. METHODS: Sprague Dawley male @entity35 were divided into five different groups and fed with HFD alone, HFD low-dose @entity33944 , HFD high-dose @entity33944 , HFD @entity3413 (10   mg/kg day), and normal pellet alone. Food was given ad libitum while body weight of @entity35 was measured weekly. After 12 weeks of intervention, @entity35 were sacrificed and serum and tissue samples were collected for biochemistry and gene expression analysis, respectively. RESULTS: The results showed that @entity33944 could improve lipid metabolism and @entity407 -associated coagulation. @entity33944 exerted comparable or sometimes better physiological effects than @entity3413 , at biochemical and gene expression levels. CONCLUSIONS: The data indicated that @entity33944 prevented HFD-induced @entity407 and @entity49 in @entity35 through regulation of lipid-related and coagulation-related genes and, by extension, induced metabolite and protein changes. The implications of the present findings are that @entity33944 may be used to prevent coagulation-related cardiovascular events in @entity558 . These findings are worth studying further.

title: XXXX attenuates hypercoagulation on high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemic conditions']

entities_list: @entity3167 :: ('MESH:D019158', 'Chemical') :: ['sialic acid', 'N-Acetylneuraminic acid']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['associated hypercoagulation']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3167 :: (MESH:D019158,Chemical) :: ['N-Acetylneuraminic acid']


abstract: @entity5144 ( @entity5144 ) is an @entity625 associated with @entity1569 usually seronegative for rheumatoid factor. An increased frequency of HLA-DR4 has been noted in @entity5144 , particularly among @entity1 with a @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity625 . The aim of the current investigation was to compare @entity1533 *04 alleles in @entity1 with @entity5144 , @entity1 with @entity309 , and healthy controls. Sample size calculations based on the frequency of HLA-DR4 suggested that 90 individuals in each @entity1 group would be sufficient to address our question. Therefore, 90 @entity1533 *04 positive @entity1 from each @entity1 group underwent high resolution molecular typing and were included in this study. Although @entity1533 *0401 was the most frequent allele in all groups, its frequency among the @entity5144 @entity1 was lower than that of @entity309 @entity1 and controls. @entity1533 *0402 was higher among @entity1 with @entity5144 . @entity1 with @entity309 were more likely to have more than one shared epitope allele than either @entity5144 or the healthy control group. @entity3098 alleles did not contribute further information. We suggest that the differences in the class II HLA epitope(s) may also be related to interaction specificity with another molecule functioning in the immune response to a putative arthritogenic antigen and result in differences in disease expression.

title: XXXX *04 alleles in @entity5144 : comparison with @entity309 and healthy controls.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory arthritis', 'arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['PsA', 'Psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['RA', 'rheumatoid arthritis like']

answer: @entity1533 :: (3123,Gene) :: ['HLA-DRB1']


abstract: The Thomsen-Friedenreich (T) antigen is a cryptic glycoprotein, referred to as @entity5 antigen or @entity5 -associated antigen because it is absent or masked by some @entity3363 in normal tissues, but present in many @entity1 @entity5 . The latter include @entity344 , pancreatic, mammary, and some @entity43 . @entity5 cells frequently undergo incomplete glycosylation resulting in the appearance of precursor structures that normally would be absent like the case with the T antigen. T antigen can be detected by several different reagents including monoclonal antibodies and several plant lectins-e.g., Arachis hypogea (peanut agglutinin). The aim of the current study was to evaluate the expression of T antigen in @entity189 and to compare it with its simulators. The authors studied the immunohistochemical expression of T antigen in 45 skin biopsy and excisional specimens obtained from the archives of their dermatopathology laboratories, including 8 cases of @entity189 , 15 cases of sebaceous @entity652 , 9 cases of sebaceoma, 1 case of @entity1491 with @entity1491 with cytologic atypia. @entity189 was unique in expressing a strong, diffuse cytoplasmic T antigen reactivity (7 of 8 cases) along the immature basaloid cells and the intermediate cells. However, sebaceous @entity652 , sebaceoma, and @entity1491 expressed negative reaction in the basaloid cells and mild reactivity in the intermediate cells. Mature sebocytes showed a strong reaction in all cases. The authors concluded that T antigen expression may be a helpful tool in differentiating @entity189 from other sebaceous lesions that may simulate it histologically.

title: Thomsen-Friedenreich (T) antigen: a possible tool for differentiating XXXX from its simulators.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal, lung']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Sebaceous carcinoma', 'sebaceous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinomas', 'basal cell carcinoma', 'sebaceous differentiation, and 12 cases of basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['sebaceous carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The brain is a major target organ for @entity701 considering its high density of glucocorticoid receptors. Several states of @entity774 point towards impairments in cognitive functioning. However, there is a very limited body of research on the effects of hypocortisolism on cognitive functioning. AIM: To evaluate cognitive functioning in @entity1 with hypocortisolism (i.e., primary @entity1887 (PAI)) and to examine the possible effect of postponing early-morning @entity701 intake on cognitive functioning. METHODS: Thirty-one @entity1 with PAI on regular morning @entity701 intake and 31 healthy matched controls underwent nine neuropsychological tests, evaluating memory and executive functioning. In addition, the effect of normal timing and postponement of morning @entity701 intake on neuropsychological tests were assessed in an additional 29 @entity1 with PAI. RESULTS: Compared to controls, @entity1 with PAI performed @entity227 (all P <=0.024) and executive functioning tasks (all P <=0.012). In contrast, @entity1 performed better on a concentration and an attention task (both P<0.05). Postponement of @entity701 intake in the morning did not affect the outcomes of neuropsychological tests. CONCLUSION: @entity1 on long-term @entity701 replacement for PAI show mild @entity73 compared to controls. There was no effect of postponement of regular @entity701 intake on cognition.

title: Mild @entity73 in XXXX with primary @entity1887 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['worse on auditory and visual memory tasks']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone', 'cortisol']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal dysregulation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In recent years, intramedullary nails (INs) for the treatment of pertrochanteric @entity173 have gained prominence relative to conventional, sliding hip screws (SHSs). There is little empirical background for this development, however. A previous series of ours suggested that the use of @entity23734 was not adequate in situations with fragile or fractured lateral femoral walls, where it often led to lack of healing in a maximally telescoped position. We hypothesized that INs would be the superior implant in these specific circumstances. METHODS: We retrospectively examined 311 consecutive @entity1 treated in our department between 2002 and 2008, with either an IN (n = 158) or an @entity23734 (n = 153) mounted on a 4-hole side-plate, for an AO/OTA type 31A1-2 pertrochanteric @entity174 with a detached greater trochanter. The status of the lesser trochanter was assessed preoperatively and the integrity of the lateral femoral wall, @entity174 reduction, and position of the implants were assessed postoperatively. Reoperations due to technical failure were recorded for one year postoperatively. RESULTS: Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the groups were similar regarding demographic and biomechanical parameters. The lateral femoral wall was more frequently fractured during @entity23734 implantation (42 @entity1 ) than in the IN group (9 @entity1 ) (p < 0.001). 6 (4%) of the 158 @entity1 operated with IN had to be reoperated, as compared to 22 (14%) in the @entity23734 group of 153 @entity1 (p = 0.001). INTERPRETATION: IN had a lower reoperation rate than @entity23734 in these pertrochanteric @entity173 with a detached greater trochanter. IN left more lateral femoral walls intact.

title: Intramedullary nailing appears to be superior in pertrochanteric XXXX with a detached greater trochanter: 311 consecutive @entity1 followed for 1 year.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To clarify the association between angiogenesis and the clinicopathologic features in @entity299 , @entity7 expression in the @entity3291 was examined by using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, and the microvessel density was determined by counting microvessels in the @entity3291 by using immunostaining for @entity2279 . METHODS: Seven fresh-frozen and 15 @entity406 -embedded tissues were analyzed by means of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining for @entity7 , respectively. The microvessel density was measured in the 15 @entity406 -embedded tissues. Furthermore, immunostaining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen was performed, and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen-labeling index was calculated. RESULTS: All of the 7 analyzed @entity3291 were positive for @entity7 messenger RNA, as determined by means of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, whereas @entity955 and atrium tissues were negative. Positive immunohistochemical reaction for @entity7 was observed in the cells of all 15 @entity3291 . The size of @entity3291 with high @entity7 expression was smaller than that of @entity3291 with low @entity7 expression. The microvessel density in @entity3291 with high @entity7 expression was higher than that in @entity3291 with low @entity7 expression. There was an inverse correlation between the @entity5 size and the ratio of the microvessel density in the central part to the microvessel density in the peripheral part of @entity3291 . Furthermore, there was an inverse correlation between the proliferating cell nuclear antigen-labeling index and the @entity5 size, and the prolferating cell nuclear antigen-labeling index in @entity3291 with high @entity7 expression was higher than that in @entity3291 with low @entity7 expression. CONCLUSIONS: @entity299 produce @entity7 , which probably induces angiogenesis for @entity5 growth.

title: Expression of @entity7 and angiogenesis in XXXX : a study of fifteen patients.

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity3291 :: ('MESH:D009232', 'Disease') :: ['myxomas', 'myxoma']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity2279 :: ('5175', 'Gene') :: ['platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septum']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac myxoma', 'Cardiac myxomas']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac myxoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 1577 Background: @entity0 Care among Arab American @entity1 (ArA) in the U.S. is not well documented. Dearborn, Michigan (a suburb west of Detroit) is home to a large and diverse population of Arabic ancestry. Oakwood Hospital and Medical Center (OHMC) is located in Dearborn. METHODS: We analyzed @entity0 cases among ArA at OHMC between 2000 and 2009 and compared with European American @entity1 (EA). ArA were identified by utilizing a validated name algorithm (Schwartz 2004). Data were obtained from the Detroit SEER registry and OHMC data bases. RESULTS: @entity0 was diagnosed in 121 ArA and 2464 EA. Forty nine ArA (40%) and 516 (20%) EA were age <50 at diagnosis (p value <.0001). In contrast 16% ArA (40%) and 36% EA were age >70 at diagnosis (p value <.0001). @entity2735 was found in 14% of ArA and 24% of EA (p value <.0001). Regional or metastatic disease at diagnosis was present in 51 ArA (42%) and 722 (29%) EA (p value <.0001). Stage difference between the groups was most noticeable under the age of 50. There was not statistical significant difference in the rate of Mastectomy between ArA 51 (42%) and EA 916 (37%) (P value 0.3442). The administration of radiation and hormonal therapy was similar between the 2 groups and among younger and older @entity1 ; however 65% of ArA age <50 vs. 46% of EA age <50 received chemotherapy. At the time of this analysis 87% of ArA and 82% of EA were alive. No ArA were enrolled into Clinical Trials and only 4 underwent genetic/familial high risk assessment. CONCLUSIONS: At OHMC, ArA were diagnosed with @entity0 at a younger age and with more advanced stage than EA but their survival was comparable. Mastectomy rates for the 2 groups were similar. Chemotherapy was given more frequently to younger ArA. Cultural differences did not seem to influence treatment; however ArA did not enroll in Clinical Trials and were unlikely to be evaluated for @entity4310 .

title: Observations on cancer of the breast among Arab-American XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma in Situ']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary cancer syndromes']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to evaluate the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection compared to conventional approach for surgical treatment of @entity1 with @entity5 presenting with incomplete response after chemoradiation. METHOD: Twenty eight @entity1 with @entity420 were randomized to undergo surgical treatment by laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection or conventional approach and evaluated prospectively. Thirteen underwent laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection and 15 conventional approach. RESULTS: There was no significant difference (p<0,05) between the two studied groups regarding: gender, age, body mass index, @entity1 with previous abdominal surgeries, intra and post operative complications, need for blood transfusion, hospital stay after surgery, length of resected segment and pathological staging. Mean operation time was 228 minutes for the laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection versus 284 minutes for the conventional approach (p=0.04). Mean anesthesia duration was shorter (p=0.03) for laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection when compared to conventional approach : 304 and 362 minutes, respectively. There was no need for conversion to open approach in this series. After a mean follow-up of 47.2 months and with the exclusion of two @entity1 in the conventional abdominoperineal resection who presented with unsuspected synchronic @entity3 during surgery, local recurrence was observed in two @entity1 in the conventional group and in none in the laparoscopic group. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection is feasible, similar to conventional approach concerning surgery duration, intra operative morbidity, blood requirements and post operative morbidity. Larger number of cases and an extended follow-up are required to adequate evaluation of oncological results for @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection after chemoradiation for radical treatment of @entity5 .

title: Conventional approach x laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection for XXXX treatment after neoadjuvant chemoradiation: results of a prospective randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['distal rectal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['distal rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: The primary cell types that sustain polyomavirus (Py) replication following intranasal infection as well as the nature of the host cellular response to Py were unknown. As this is an essential and specific site for virus entry, it seems likely that viral gene function must be adapted to these mucosal tissues. Using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, we determined the cell types in the lung that support Py gene expression and replication following intranasal inoculation of newborn @entity19 within 24 h of birth. Lungs were collected daily from days 1 to 10 postinfection for Py DNA and early T antigen analysis and for histological examination by H_E staining, using methods that preserve the delicate newborn lung architecture. Viral DNA was present in increasing quantities from 2 to 6 dpi in a subset of the Clara cells lining the inner lumen of the bronchi and bronchioles, while T antigen expression was present in a majority of the cells in the bronchi and bronchiole lumen. A distinct and transient @entity1373 was observed among the cells expressing T antigen and was present from 3 through 6 dpi. Py DNA-containing cells exfoliated into the bronchiole lumen and alveolar ducts, but Py T antigen was not detected in these cells. Py DNA was first detected at 2 dpi, increased through 6 dpi, and abruptly declined through 9 dpi at which time there was no sign of viral DNA in the lungs by in situ hybridization. An unusual infiltration of neutrophils began before the presence of exfoliated cells or Py replication and continued for 2-3 days and was followed by a lymphocytic infiltration at 8-10 dpi lasting 2-3 days. Neither the @entity1373 nor the neutrophil infiltration occurred following infection with the MOP1033 MT-Ag or @entity13887 LT-Ag mutants of Py. In addition, both the neutrophil infiltration and the transient @entity1373 are in stark contrast to the heavy macrophage infiltration that follows infection of lungs with @entity19 adenovirus. Thus it appears that Py elicits a distinct host response pattern not seen with other DNA viral infections.

title: The distribution and kinetics of polyomavirus in lungs of intranasally infected newborn XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['pattern of hyperplasia', 'hyperplasia']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The current TNM classification for @entity150 stratifies extravesical extension into microscopic (pT3a) and macroscopic (pT3b) @entity5 involvement. The authors evaluated the outcomes of @entity1 with pT3a and pT3b disease after radical cystectomy. METHODS: @entity1 (n = 129) with transitional cell @entity150 treated with radical cystectomy alone demonstrated pathologic extravesical @entity5 extension: 37 (29%) had pT3a disease and 92 (71%) had pT3b disease. No @entity1 received any adjuvant therapy. With a median follow-up of 13.6 years, the presence of lymph node involvement, margin positivity, local (pelvic) and distant disease recurrence, and clinical outcomes were determined. RESULTS: Of the 129 @entity1 , 43 (33%) had lymph node @entity5 involvement: 13 of 37 @entity1 with pT3a disease (35%) and 30 of 92 @entity1 with pT3b disease (33%). The 10-year recurrence-free and overall survival for the entire group was 54% and 20%, respectively. No statistical difference between pT3a and pT3b disease was observed with regard to recurrence-free (P = 0.54) and overall (P = 0.66) survival. Lymph node involvement was predictive of a significantly worse 10-year recurrence-free survival (32%) compared with lymph node-negative disease (60%; P = 0.003). @entity66 recurrence was reported to occur in 12 @entity1 (9%), whereas 37 @entity1 (29%) were reported to develop distant @entity3 . Among those who had disease recurrence, the type of disease recurrence (local or distant) was not found to be associated with @entity5 stage (pT3a vs, pT3b, P = 0.47). CONCLUSIONS: This cohort of surgically managed @entity1 provided insight into the long-term natural history of pathologically confirmed extravesical @entity150 after radical cystectomy. There was no important difference in the incidence of lymph node involvement, survival rates, and disease recurrence rates between @entity1 with microscopic and macroscopic extravesical extension. Adjuvant protocols should be undertaken for these high-risk @entity1 to further improve on these clinical outcomes.

title: Natural history of surgically treated @entity150 with extravesical XXXX extension.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Local disease']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma', 'carcinoma of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study was performed to compare the analgesic efficacy of @entity3522 (25, 50, or 100 mg) with that of @entity117 (650 mg), or placebo. Two hundred fifty-five inpatients with severe @entity158 were randomly assigned to receive a single oral dose of one of the four active treatments or placebo. @entity1337 was assessed over an 8-hour period. Treatments were compared on the basis of standard scales for @entity158 intensity and relief and a number of derived variables based on these data, as well as two global ratings of the study medication. All active treatments were effective analgesics statistically superior to placebo for many hourly and summary measures, including the global ratings. @entity3522 (50 and 100 mg) was statistically significantly superior to @entity117 at half-hour and for many other hourly scores from hour 3 on. The 4- and 8-hour sum of the @entity158 intensity difference and total @entity158 relief scores reflected the superiority of @entity3522 to @entity117 . In addition, the 100-mg dose was significantly more efficacious than the 25-mg dose of @entity3522 . The probability of obtaining onset was significantly better for all active treatments than for placebo; however, the median onset times were similar for all treatments. The duration of effect, as measured by mean @entity158 intensity difference and relief scores, was better for @entity3522 than @entity117 , and these differences were significant for the 50- and 100-mg doses. The probability of @entity158 returning to baseline was significantly less for the @entity3522 groups than for placebo or @entity117 groups. In addition, significantly fewer @entity1 treated with @entity3522 (25, 50, or 100 mg) or @entity117 (650 mg) required remedication during the 8-hour study period as compared with those treated with placebo. @entity3522 is an effective analgesic in the range of @entity117 (650 mg) at the 25-mg dose and superior in efficacy and longer lasting than @entity117 at the 50- and 100-mg doses. The onset of @entity1337 was similar for @entity117 and @entity3522 .

title: Onset and duration of @entity1337 of @entity3522 in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac', 'Diclofenac potassium', 'diclofenac potassium']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia', 'Analgesia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['postepisiotomy pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['postepisiotomy pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Various histopathological parameters have been extensively studied for prognostication of @entity5 but the focus is now getting diverted towards the role of inflammatory mediators in @entity5 progression. The present study was undertaken to evaluate two such components of the inflammatory milieu, @entity8650 ( @entity8650 ) as well as Cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expression, quantitatively in @entity957 ( @entity957 ) @entity1 in relation to treatment outcomes and patterns of recurrence. A total of forty five @entity1 with primary @entity957 matching our inclusion criteria were selected for the study and followed up over a five year period. @entity8650 was evaluated from the invasive front of the @entity5 using @entity6175 and @entity1711 (H _ E) stained sections of histopathological specimens and graded as mild, moderate or intense. COX-2 gene expression was obtained from specimens using the reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. A statistically significant association was observed between degree of @entity8650 and locoregional recurrence (P  <  0.001). The expression of COX-2 gene ranged from 0.4326 to 0.9998 and a higher mean COX-2 score was recorded in samples with intense degree of @entity8650 followed by moderate and mild @entity8650 . (P  <  0.001). Using the t-test, the difference in mean COX-2 was found to be statistically significant (P  <  0.001) between @entity1 who developed locoregional recurrence and those who did not. The analysis of @entity8650 may provide an indication of future recurrence at the time of diagnosis of @entity957 . Also, the increased expression of COX-2 gene in @entity957 strongly suggests its possible use as a chemopreventive/chemotherapeutic target.

title: Quantitative Evaluation of Tumour - Associated Tissue Eosinophilia and Cyclo-oxegenase-2 Gene in @entity5 XXXX with Assessment of Long Term Outcomes.

entities_list: @entity8650 :: ('MESH:D012983', 'Disease') :: ['tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia', 'TATE']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'oral cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OSCC', 'oral squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6175 :: ('CHEBI:5601', 'Chemical') :: ['Haematoxylin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: A number of observations have indicated that the immune system plays a significant role in @entity1 with @entity43 ( @entity43 ). In cases of @entity43 , the prognostic significance of @entity5 infiltrating lymphocytes has not been clearly explained yet. The aim is to determine the phenotype and activation molecules of cytotoxic T cell and NK cell subpopulations and to compare their representation in @entity1503 in @entity1 with @entity43 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cytotoxic cells taken from blood samples of the cubital vein and @entity5 were obtained from 53 @entity1 with @entity43 . Their surface and activation characteristics were determined by means of a flow cytometer. Immunophenotype multiparametric analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and @entity5 infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was carried out. RESULTS: CD3(+) T lymphocytes were the main population of TILs (75.9%) and PBLs (70.9%). The number of activating T cells was significantly higher in TILs: CD3(+)/69(+) 6.7% vs. 0.8% (p < 0.001). The representation of (CD3(-)/16(+)56(+)) NK cells in TILs was significantly higher: 11.0% vs. 5.6% (p = 0.041); likewise @entity2940 (bright) and CD-56(bright) from @entity2940 (+) cells were higher in TILs (both p < 0.001). The activation receptor @entity3223 was present in 45.1% of TILs vs. 32.3% of PBLs (p = 0.034), but we did not find a significant difference in the numbers of @entity2940 (+)/ @entity3223 (+) in TILs and PBLs. CONCLUSIONS: These results prove that the characteristics and intensity of anti- @entity5 responses are different in compared compartments ( @entity843 /PBLs). The knowledge of phenotype and functions of effector cells is the basic precondition for understanding the anti- @entity5 immune response.

title: Comparative study of various subpopulations of cytotoxic cells in blood and @entity843 from XXXX with @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['EOC', 'ovarian cancer', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant ascites', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['malignant ascites and peripheral blood']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The benefits of intensive glycemic control in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 are not well quantified. It is therefore not clear which @entity1 will benefit most from aggressive glycemic control. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of glycemic control in @entity164 2 @entity6 . DESIGN: Markov decision model. @entity1 : @entity6 @entity1 at a health maintenance organization. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Risks for developing @entity1939 and @entity454 ; number of @entity1 and @entity1 -years needed to treat to prevent complications. RESULTS: For a @entity1 in whom @entity6 developed before 50 years of age, reducing hemoglobin A1c levels from 9% to 7% results in an estimated 2.3-percentage point decrease (from 2.6% to 0.3%) in lifetime risk for @entity1939 due to @entity989 . The same change in a @entity1 with @entity6 onset at 65 years of age would be expected to decrease the risk for @entity1939 by 0.5 percentage points (from 0.5% to < 0.1%). However, the Markov model predicts substantially greater benefit when moving from poor to moderate glycemic control than when moving from moderate to almost-normal glycemic control. Targeting less than 20% of the @entity1 at one health maintenance organization for intensified therapy may prevent more than 80% of the preventable @entity1 -time spent blind. The risks for @entity454 and the risk reduction provided by improved glycemic control are lower than those for @entity1939 . CONCLUSIONS: This probability model, based on extrapolation from the experience with @entity164 1 @entity6 , suggests that @entity1 with early onset of @entity164 2 @entity6 will accrue substantial benefit from almost-normal glycemic control. In @entity1 with later onset, moderate glycemic control prevents most end-stage complications caused by @entity66 . These results have important implications for informing @entity1 and allocating health care resources.

title: Estimated benefits of glycemic control in microvascular complications in @entity164 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Studies in animals and @entity1 have demonstrated that an increased heart rate is a predictor for the development of @entity453 and overall cardiovascular mortality. In contrast, we have previously reported that the need for pacemaker implantation because of @entity1168 in heart transplant recipients is associated with an increased prevalence of transplant @entity453 (TxCAD). Hence, the relevance of changes in heart rate to the development of TxCAD remains unclear. Intra-coronary ultrasound examinations (ICUS) were therefore analyzed in 130 heart transplant recipients (age 50 +/- 11 yr) studied at annual evaluations (3.7 +/- 3.0 yr after transplantation). Quantitative ultrasound measurements were obtained by calculating mean coronary artery intimal thickness (MIT) obtained by examination of the left anterior descending artery. The presence of TxCAD was defined as MIT > 0.3 mm. Resting heart rates (HR) were recorded with the @entity1 in the supine position during routine echocardiography. Based on HR recordings, two groups were defined: group 1, HR below; or group 2, HR above the median. TxCAD was detected in 40% of the ICUS studies overall. The prevalence of TxCAD was higher in group 1 (49%) compared with group 2 (33%), p < 0.05. There was no significant difference in donor ischemic time or donor gender, recipient age, gender, body weight, @entity2834 status, @entity1011 , total @entity165 , use of lipid lowering drugs or @entity3988 . Donor age and use of beta-blockers were higher in group 1 compared with group 2 (29 +/- 10 vs. 25 +/- 9 yr, and 15% vs. 5%, for donor age and beta-blocker use, respectively). By multivariate regression analysis only donor age and years after transplantation were independently correlated with TxCAD. After excluding @entity1 taking beta-blockers and diltiazem, the prevalence of CAD was still higher in group 1 (50%) vs. group 2 (34%). In conclusion, transplant @entity453 is more prevalent in @entity1 with lower, rather than higher, heart rates. The reason for this is unclear, but may reflect impaired blood flow to the sinoatrial node.

title: Importance of XXXX in predicting transplant @entity453 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease', 'coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1168 :: (MESH:D001919,Disease) :: ['decreased heart rate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Routine endoscopic examination during primary surgery decreased the rate of residual @entity3540 to 18% in our early experience. Based on this, we stopped performing routine second-look surgery in @entity1 who were endoscopically free of @entity3540 at the end of primary surgery. We sought to investigate if second-look procedures after endoscopic-assisted surgery could safely be performed only in @entity1 at a high risk of @entity66 (extensive @entity32 , spontaneously @entity397 or fragmented @entity3540 , @entity66 intentionally left). STUDY DESIGN: Case series with chart review. SETTING: Tertiary pediatric otolaryngology practice. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: @entity1 aged 1 to 16 years who were treated for @entity3540 over 15-year period by a single surgeon. Extent of disease and endoscopic findings were compared with rates of @entity66 . Time to diagnosis of @entity66 and prognostic factors were analyzed. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity1 underwent endoscopically assisted middle ear surgery for @entity3540 . Of 42 @entity1 , 7 (17%) had additional disease found by endoscopy that was missed by microscopy alone. Twelve @entity1 at high risk had second looks; 5 (42%) had @entity66 . Of 30 @entity1 , 2 (7%) presented with macroscopically evident residual @entity3540 after no planned second look on office follow-up and subsequently underwent reoperation and were cured. CONCLUSIONS: Selective second-look surgery in high-risk @entity1 did not adversely affect outcome as compared with the low-risk group. @entity3540 was identified endoscopically in 7 of 42 (17%) @entity1 thought to be microscopically free of disease at initial surgery. The endoscope may aid in visualization of difficult middle ear recesses when used to complement microscopy. Further investigation with multicenter data is needed.

title: Long-term Results of Endoscopically Assisted Pediatric XXXX Surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatoma', 'Cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured']

answer: @entity3540 :: (MESH:D002781,Disease) :: ['Cholesteatoma']


abstract: @entity8831 ( @entity8831 ) develops at the site of the tick bite in 77-90% of @entity3001 ( @entity3001 ) @entity1 and is therefore a common manifestation of @entity66 . Clinical treatment failures have been reported in early @entity3001 cases for almost every suitable antimicrobial agent. The exact risk of resistance to antibiotic treatment in @entity1 with @entity8831 , however, is not known and there are few published cases of culture-proven treatment failure. Moreover, currently available diagnostic techniques cannot reliably discriminate between possible reinfection, true endogenous relapse and @entity325 with other tick-borne pathogens. These drawbacks together with the phenomenon of resistance to therapy in individual @entity1 undoubtedly contribute to the inconsistencies surrounding the optimal treatment regimens for @entity3001 and are often misinterpreted and misused to support prolonged antibiotic treatment regimens. The question for the underlying mechanisms of possible antimicrobial resistance in @entity2069 sensu lato remains unresolved but a better understanding of such genetic or phenotypic mechanisms would be helpful for the treatment of @entity3001 and other @entity66 . Investigations on this issue, at best, should start with borrelial isolates cultured from @entity1 before the start of antibiotic therapy and again after the conclusion of treatment. This task, however, remains challenging insofar, as culture is rarely successful under routine laboratory conditions after antimicrobial therapy. Here, we review recent clinical and experimental data on treatment resistance in @entity8831 @entity1 suggesting that, although rare, borrelial persistence does occur at the site of the infectious lesion after antibiotic treatment. Borrelial persistence, however, is unlikely to result from acquired resistance against antimicrobial agents that were used for initial specific chemotherapy.

title: Risk of culture-confirmed borrelial persistence in @entity1 treated for XXXX and possible mechanisms of resistance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['LB', 'Lyme borreliosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['early disease', 'spirochetal diseases']

entities_list: @entity2069 :: ('139', 'Species') :: ['Borrelia burgdorferi']

entities_list: @entity8831 :: ('MESH:C538499', 'Disease') :: ['EM', 'Erythema migrans']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['co-infection']

answer: @entity8831 :: (MESH:C538499,Disease) :: ['erythema migrans']