abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate if @entity2333 ( @entity2333 ) is contraindicated without anticoagulation therapy. METHODS: Some 153 @entity2333 @entity1 in the King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center (KSA) were randomly assigned into two groups. Anticoagulation group (Group A) consisted of 71 @entity1 who were given heparin intravenously with target aPTT 50-70 seconds. Non-anticoagulation group (Group B) consisted of 82 @entity1 without intravenous heparin during balloon pumping. Hematological parameters including platelet count, D-dimer, @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) and fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) were checked respectively at the point of baseline, 24 hours, 48 hours and 24 hours post @entity2333 counterpulsation. Clot deposits on balloon surface, vascular complications from @entity2333 including @entity548 and @entity63 were recorded. RESULTS: Platelet count and @entity2289 level decreased at 24 hours and 48 hours in both groups (P<0.05). D-dimer and FDP level increased at 24 hours and 48 hours in both groups (P<0.05), but returned to the baseline level 24 hours post @entity2333 removal (P>0.05). Three @entity1 in Group A and 2 @entity1 in Group B developed @entity63 (P>0.05). No major @entity63 in either group. Two @entity1 in Group A suffered major @entity548 and required blood transfusion or surgical intervention, whereas no @entity1 had major @entity548 in Group B. Eight @entity1 had minor @entity548 in Group A, but only 2 @entity1 in Group B (P<0.05). No clot deposit developed on @entity2333 surface in either group. CONCLUSION: @entity2333 is safe without routine anticoagulation therapy. Selecting appropriate artery approach and early detection intervention are key methods for preventing complications.

title: Anticoagulation therapy in intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation: does XXXX really need anti-coagulation?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['PAI-1', 'Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['minor limb ischemia', 'limb ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['IABP', 'intra-aortic balloon pump']

answer: @entity2333 :: (MESH:D001018,Disease) :: ['IABP']


abstract: The manifestation of @entity10921 reflects genetic and environmental factors. Mutations in the @entity27792 gene, located at chromosome 1p34, discriminate @entity10921 from sporadic cases. Furthermore, mutations in the @entity9595 gene may be involved in the aetiology. In this study 53 unrelated Danish @entity1 with @entity10921 were classified according to @entity27792 and @entity9595 gene mutations and the genotype related to the clinical and biochemical data. Thirteen @entity1 (25%) had @entity10921 . The results signify the advantage of DNA diagnostics for identification of familial cases, as anamnestic data are doubtful and erythrocyte @entity27792 activity measurements insufficient for correct classification. Eight @entity1 with @entity10921 (15%) were homozygous for the @entity9595 gene @entity14399 mutation and 8 @entity1 were heterozygous. @entity1 homozygous for the @entity9595 related mutation showed biochemical evidence of excessive @entity68 storage as well as increased urine @entity7170 excretion levels. This seems to confirm a relationship between @entity10921 and @entity9595 . No differences were found between @entity1 with sporadic and @entity10921 regarding age of onset, clinical severity, sex distribution, liver function tests and @entity68 storage parameters. However, daily @entity167 intake and use of @entity2931 were reported more frequently in the group of sporadic @entity1 . It was found that @entity1 were over-represented in our study.

title: Familial and @entity10921 : clinical, biochemical and genetic features with emphasis on XXXX status.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10921 :: ('MESH:D017119', 'Disease') :: ['familial porphyria cutanea tarda', 'porphyria cutanea tarda']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogens']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity7170 :: ('CHEBI:8337', 'Chemical') :: ['porphyrin']

entities_list: @entity27792 :: ('7389', 'Gene') :: ['uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase']

entities_list: @entity9595 :: ('MESH:D006432', 'Disease') :: ['haemochromatosis']

answer: @entity68 :: (MESH:D007501,Chemical) :: ['iron']


abstract: PURPOSE: To clarify whether trigeminal somatosensory function will be changed after orthodontic treatment as well as after orthognathic surgery. METHODS: A series of 20 @entity1 with a mean age of 20.9  1.74 years were recruited. Thermal quantitative sensory tests were conducted before orthodontic treatment (T0), before orthognathic surgery (T1), 2 months after orthognathic surgery (T2), and 6 months after orthognathic surgery (T3). The @entity5032 ( @entity5032 ), @entity158 threshold (CPT), warm detection threshold (WDT) and @entity158 ( @entity158 ) were determined. SPSS 16.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: There were significant differences with lower threshold (higher sensitivity) in V2L (P=0.006) and V2R (P=0.017) for WDT at T1 compared to T0. A significantly higher threshold (lower sensitivity) was detected for @entity5032 in V2L (P=0.028) at T1 compared to T0. A significantly higher threshold (lower sensitivity) was detected for @entity158 in V2R (P=0.028) and V3R (P=0.017) at T1 compared to T0. There were significant differences with higher threshold (lower sensitivity) V3L (P=0.024) for WDT at T3 compared to T0. A significantly lower threshold (higher sensitivity) was detected for CPT in V2R (P=0.036), @entity69338 (P=0.012) and V3R (P=0.044) at T3 compared to T0. There were significant differences with higher threshold (lower sensitivity) in V2L (P=0.009), V2R (P=0.034), @entity69338 (P=0.032) and V3R (P=0.001) for @entity158 at T3 compared to T0.Numbness was reported most frequently at T2 (93.33%), but this symptom tended to decrease with time (T3-20%). @entity16043 's exact test showed that there was no significant difference at T2(P=0.303) and T3(P=0.530) between participates who underwent genioplasty or not. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that thermal somatosensory function was altered after initial orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery. However, partial recovery of thermal sensory function can be expected in the majority of @entity1 .

title: [Partial recovery of thermal sensory functions in skeletal Class     XXXX undergoing orthognathic surgery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5032 :: ('MESH:C569627', 'Disease') :: ['CDT', 'cold detection threshold']

entities_list: @entity69338 :: ('p|SUB|V|3|L', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['V3L']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['HPT', 'heat pain threshold', 'cold pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of @entity5 . DESIGN: @entity1 with @entity5 reported between 1980 and 2000, studied retrospectively. SETTING: Data from the Connecticut Tumor Registry. @entity1 : One thousand sixty @entity5 cases: 628 @entity1 (49.84%) and 632 @entity1 (50.16%). Mean age at presentation was 65.2 years. RESULTS: The most common location of @entity5 was the ileum (374 cases; 29.7%), followed by the duodenum (320 cases; 25.4%) and the jejunum (193 cases; 15.3%). In 367 @entity1 cases (29.1%: 192 @entity1 [30.6%] and 175 @entity1 [27.7%]), a prior or subsequent @entity5 of the gastrointestinal tract was reported. The most prevalent histologic type was @entity4303 (417 cases; 33%), followed by @entity420 (341 cases; 27%) and @entity706 (205 cases; 16.3%). The @entity1 population was predominantly white (1159 @entity1 ; 92%), followed by African American @entity1 (91 @entity1 ; 7.2%). Stratification by consecutive 7-year intervals showed the following: from 1980 to 1986, there were 10.5 cases per 100 000 individuals; from 1987 to 1993, there were 13.05 cases per 100 000 individuals; and from 1994 to 2000, there were 14.86 cases per 100 000 individuals. @entity1 comprised 44.8% of cases from 1980 to 1986, 50.2% of cases from 1987 to 1993, and 53.3% of cases from 1994 to 2000. African American @entity1 accounted for 7.5% of all cases from 1980 to 1986, 5.8% from 1986 to 1993, and 8.2% of cases from 1994 to 2000. In 1106 @entity1 (87.7%), the primary therapy was surgical, including intestinal bypass, radical excision, excisional biopsy, and subtotal or total excision. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity5 in Connecticut has increased during the past 2 decades, with the highest rate of increase in @entity1 . @entity5 are the most common small intestinal cancers identified histologically, followed by @entity420 . The former seems to be more frequently seen in the ileum, the latter in the duodenum. Surgery is the treatment of choice for the cure or palliation of @entity5 .

title: XXXX : epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of 1260 cases from the connecticut @entity5 registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['small-bowel cancer', 'tumor', 'small-bowel cancers', 'Carcinoid tumors', 'small-bowel tumors']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Small-bowel tumors']


abstract: @entity344 are frequent causes for medical consultations. Features related to disease, @entity1 or the environment could influence the medical referral. The aim of the study was to estimate the importance of @entity146 in @entity1 with functional @entity344 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: The study was designed to have two phases. Phase I consisted in studying the prevalence of @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) and @entity146 past history in a random sample of 338 from an urban community of 18000 @entity1 . Phase II consisted in studying the presence of @entity146 history in @entity1 referred for @entity1744 symptoms. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity1744 symptoms in the general population was: 14.4% (8.4% in males and 17.7% in females). Psychiatric positive history was present in 6.2% of the general population and in 6.1% of @entity1744 subjects (p > 0.05). @entity146 were more common in the @entity1744 subjects who were seeking medical assistance (18%) than in subjects with same symptoms from the general population (6.2%) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity146 may influence the medial referral for @entity1 with @entity1744 .

title: [Functional digestive disorders and the relationship with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['Irritable Bowel Syndrome', 'IBS']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disorders', 'Functional gastrointestinal disorders']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders', 'Psychiatric disorders']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric diseases']


abstract: @entity120 is a disease with severe consequences for the @entity1 body. There are several diseases and situations that induce @entity120 and are usually underdiagnosed. Treatments include conventional medical therapies and oral, inhaled, intravenous, and subcutaneous options. Depending on its severity, heart or lung transplant may also be an option. A possible novel treatment could be @entity669 kinase inhibitors. We conducted experiments with three jet nebulizers and three ultrasound nebulizers with @entity3866 , @entity4562 , and @entity2213 . Different residual cup designs and residual cup loadings were used in order to identify the best combination to produce droplets of less than 5  m in mass median aerodynamic diameter. We found that @entity4562 could not be transformed into a powder, so conversion to an aerosol form was not possible. Our experiments indicated that @entity2213 is superior to @entity3866 with regard to small droplet size formation using both inhaled technologies (1.37  m <2.23  m and 1.92  m <3.11  m, jet and ultrasound, respectively) and, at jet devices (1.37  m <1.92  m). Cup designs C and G contribute best to small droplet creation uniquely supporting and equally well the activity of both drugs. The disadvantage of the large droplets formed for @entity3866 was offset when combined with residual cup C (1.37  m instead of 2.23  m). At a 2 mL dose, the facemask and cone mouthpieces performed best and evenly; the facemask and low dose were the best choice (2.08  m and 2.12  m, respectively). @entity3866 and @entity2213 can be administered as an aerosols, and further in vivo experimentation is necessary to investigate the positive effects of these drugs in the treatment of @entity120 .

title: Inhaled @entity669 kinase inhibitors for XXXX : a possible future treatment.

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'Pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib', 'Erlotinib']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To compare the efficacy and safety of three different chemotherapy doublets in the treatment of advanced @entity788 ( @entity788 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: At total of 190 @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive @entity416 1000 mg/m(2) twice daily on days 1-14 plus @entity901 130 mg/m(2) on day 1 (CapOx), @entity416 825 mg/m(2) twice daily on days 1-14 plus @entity136 1000 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 (CapGem) or @entity136 1000 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 plus @entity901 130 mg/m(2) on day 8 (mGemOx). Treatment cycles were repeated every three weeks. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) rate at 3 months; secondary end points included objective response rate, @entity1735 antigen 19-9 response, clinical benefit response, overall survival and @entity137 . RESULTS: The PFS rate after 3 months was 51% in the CapOx arm, 64% in the CapGem arm and 60% in the mGemOx arm. Median PFS was estimated with 4.2 months, 5.7 months and 3.9 months, respectively (P = 0.67). Corresponding median survival times were: 8.1 months (CapOx), 9.0 months (CapGem) and 6.9 months (mGemOx) (P = 0.56). Grade 3/4 hematological @entity137 were more frequent in the two Gem-containing arms; grade 3/4 non-hematological @entity137 rates did not exceed 15% in any arm. CONCLUSION: CapOx, CapGem and mGemOx have similar clinical efficacy in advanced @entity788 . Each regimen has a distinct but manageable tolerability profile.

title: XXXX plus @entity901 (CapOx) versus @entity416 plus @entity136 (CapGem) versus @entity136 plus @entity901 (mGemOx): final results of a multicenter randomized phase II trial in advanced @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'PC']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity416 :: (MESH:C110904,Chemical) :: ['Capecitabine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in @entity1 with stage I @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) in terms of radiation-induced changes and computed tomography (CT) features of local recurrence by @entity419 positron emission tomography ( @entity419 -PET). METHODS: From January 2006 to December 2012, 81 @entity1 with @entity1149 received SBRT. Follow-up consisted of non-contrast enhanced CT scans performed before and every four months after SBRT. In addition, @entity419 -PET/CT was conducted before SBRT for each @entity1 , and one year later for each case suspected of recurrence. The CT findings were classified into two categories: mass-like @entity82 and others. The mass-like @entity82 category was subdivided into two patterns: mass-like consolidation (with air bronchogram) and mass-like @entity231 . RESULTS: Six @entity1 had histologically confirmed local recurrence, including 83% (5/6) with mass-like @entity231 pattern and one case of modified conventional pattern (P = 0.02). In contrast, the non-recurrent group exhibited only 7% (5/75) with mass-like @entity231 and 13% (10/75) with mass-like consolidation pattern. Five @entity1 with local recurrence presented with the mass-like @entity231 pattern, compared with 33% of @entity1 (5/15) from the non-recurrent group (P = 0.01) and showed an increase in maximum diameter at >= 12 months after SBRT. The recurrent group also had a significantly higher standardized uptake value (SUVmax) than the non-recurrent group (P < 0.001), with all values >5 (range: 5.7-25.4). CONCLUSION: The following characteristics of mass-like @entity82 should be considered indicators of local recurrence after SBRT: @entity231 pattern, increasing maximum diameter, and SUVmax > 5.

title: Imaging characteristics of local recurrences after stereotactic body radiation therapy for stage I XXXX : Evaluation of mass-like @entity82 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['18F-fluorodeoxyglucose', '(18)F-FDG', '18F-FDG']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: In all classes of vertebrates, the deiodination of the prohormone T(4) to T(3) represents an essential activation step in thyroid hormone action. The possible presence of @entity9117 deiodinase activity in protochordates has been demonstrated in vivo. Recent molecular cloning of the genomes and transcripts of several ascidian species allows further investigation into thyroid-related processes in ascidians. A cDNA clone from @entity25598 (hrDx) was found to have significant homology (30% @entity535 identity) with the @entity9117 deiodinase gene sequences from vertebrates, including the presence of an in-frame UGA codon that might encode a @entity16266 ( @entity16267 ) in the active site. Because it was not certain that the 3' untranslated region (UTR) contained a @entity16267 insertion sequence (SECIS) element essential for @entity16267 incorporation, a chimeric expression vector of the hrDx coding sequence and the @entity35 deiodinase SECIS element was produced, as well as an expression vector containing the intact hrDx cDNA. COS, @entity435 , and HEK cells were transfected with these vectors, and deiodinase activity was measured in cell homogenates. Outer-ring deiodinase activity was detected using both T(4) and reverse T(3) as substrates, and activity was enhanced by the presence of the reductive cofactor @entity3902 . The enzyme activity was optimal during incubation between 20 and 30 C (pH 6-7) and was strongly inhibited by @entity13394 . The @entity25598 deiodinase appears to be a high Michaelis-Menten constant (K(m)) enzyme (K(m) reverse T(3), 2 microM; and K(m) T(4), 4 microM). Deiodinase activity was completely lost upon the substitution of the @entity16267 residue in the putative catalytic center by either @entity462 or @entity493 . Transfection of the full-length hrDx cDNA produced deiodinase activity confirming the presence of a SECIS element in the 3'UTR, as revealed by the SECISearch program. In conclusion, our results show, for the first time, the existence of an ascidian @entity9117 outer-ring deiodinase. This raises the hypothesis that, in protochordates, the prohormone T(4) is activated by enzymatic outer-ring deiodination to T(3).

title: An ascidian homolog of vertebrate XXXX deiodinases.

entities_list: @entity9117 :: ('CHEBI:24864', 'Chemical') :: ['iodothyronine']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity25598 :: ('7729', 'Species') :: ['Halocynthia', 'Halocynthia roretzi']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3902 :: ('MESH:D004229', 'Chemical') :: ['dithiothreitol']

entities_list: @entity16266 :: ('MESH:D017279', 'Chemical') :: ['selenocysteine']

entities_list: @entity13394 :: ('MESH:D006051', 'Chemical') :: ['gold-thioglucose']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity9117 :: (CHEBI:24864,Chemical) :: ['iodothyronine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the frequency, mode of presentation and outcome following surgery of anomalies of the craniovertebral junction at the Kenyatta National Hospital. DESIGN: A retrospective study. SETTING: Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi. SUBJECTS: Thirty eight @entity1 with @entity154 who were treated at the Kenyatta National Hospital. RESULTS: Thirty eight @entity1 were diagnosed to have @entity154 at the Kenyatta National Hospital between January 1988 and December 1994. Thirty of those @entity1 underwent surgery. The ages ranged between 10 years and 49 years with a peak in the third decade. The male to female ratio was 2:1. The common mode of presentation was weakness of the extremities (90%) followed by @entity132 such as numbness of the extremities (30%), @entity10 (30%) and @entity4048 (20%). The common clinical findings were @entity2055 , @entity2057 , sensory loss and brisk deep tendon reflexes. Most of the @entity1 had computerised tomography (CT) scanning (80%) done. Other radiological investigations which were done were plain x-rays of the skull and cervical spine (50%), myelographic studies (36%) and tomographic studies (12%). Forty percent of the @entity1 improved following surgery while further @entity16 was prevented in 48%. There was an immediate post-operative mortality of 8%. CONCLUSION: @entity154 is an important clinicopathological, condition common amongst certain ethnic groups found in high altitude areas of the Kenya. Surgery may cause clinical improvement in 40% of the @entity1 , mainly those who have been symptomatic for less than three years.

title: XXXX seen at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['craniovertebral junction anomaly', 'Craniovertebral junction anomaly']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle wasting']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['sensory disturbances']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['Craniovertebral junction anomalies']


abstract: According to American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Practice Guidelines, electrolyte abnormalities, including abnormal serum @entity972 concentrations, are considered a correctable cause of a life-threatening @entity943 . @entity67 therapy in this situation is a class III indication, and thought to be ineffective and perhaps harmful, although there are minimal data to support this recommendation. The steady-state serum @entity972 concentration frequently changes during a @entity1167 . Additionally, the vast majority of @entity1167 @entity1 have structural @entity299 and are commonly treated with a variety of medications that can alter the serum @entity972 concentration. In the Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) trial, @entity1 with a correctable cause of an electrolyte imbalance were excluded from study participation but were followed in the AVID registry. Similar outcomes were observed among @entity1 in the AVID registry and the main trial. @entity1482 therapy in @entity1 with @entity712 decreases all-cause mortality and sudden and nonsudden @entity204 . In a preliminary study of 169 @entity1 with an episode of a sustained @entity943 treated with an implantable defibrillator, freedom from appropriate defibrillator therapy was 18% after five years. The probability of appropriate defibrillator therapy was independent of the initial serum @entity972 concentration. For these reasons, our current clinical practice is to use an implantable defibrillator to treat an initial episode of sustained @entity1165 or @entity2224 that occurs in a @entity1 with structural @entity299 and an abnormal serum @entity972 concentration.

title: Should an abnormal serum XXXX concentration be considered a correctable cause of @entity1167 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1482 :: ('MESH:D013148', 'Chemical') :: ['Spironolactone']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term transformation of lateral eyebrow soft tissue in a group of @entity1 with known @entity2194 . METHODS: A retrospective review of all @entity1 with a known diagnosis of @entity2194 with clinical photos available from both their initial diagnosis visit and at least 7 years following their initial visit was performed. Age at diagnosis, sex, disease activity, previous orbital, and eyelid surgery were noted, as was history of treatment with radioactive @entity1496 , @entity230 , and external beam radiation. The area between the @entity1736 was evaluated in standardized photographs by a panel of 4 expert, independent, masked observers utilizing a previously published visual grading key. RESULTS: One hundred and four @entity1 met inclusion criteria. Fifteen @entity1 were male and 89 were female. The mean @entity1 age was 50.6 years (  1.21 years), and the mean follow up duration was 10.0 years (  0.23 years). The mean initial photo grade (1.24) was significantly higher than the mean follow up photo grade (1.00; p < 0.01). In logistic regression analyses, only the initial photograph grade was significantly associated with improvement in eyebrow soft tissue appearance (p < 0.01). Medical and surgical treatments were not significantly associated with changes in eyebrow soft tissue appearance (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Expansion of eyebrow soft tissue may improve over time in @entity1 with @entity2194 . This change was not affected by age, sex, disease activity, surgery, or medical therapy.

title: Long-Term Evaluation of Eyebrow Soft Tissue Expansion in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid eye disease']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1736 :: ('MESH:D001763', 'Disease') :: ['upper eyebrow and upper eyelid crease']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['Thyroid Eye Disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To examine the relationship between local recurrence and @entity0 mortality in @entity1 with @entity0 . We studied 1675 @entity1 with stage 0 ( @entity3821 ), stage I or @entity0 who were treated with breast-conserving surgery at @entity1 's College Hospital between 1987 and 2009. For each @entity1 , we obtained information on age at diagnosis, @entity5 size, lymph node status, @entity5 grade, @entity3 , @entity2931 receptor status, @entity1420 receptor status, @entity1722 status and treatments received (radiotherapy, chemotherapy and @entity440 ). @entity1 were followed from the date of diagnosis until local recurrence, @entity204 from @entity0 or the date of last follow-up. We used the Kaplan-Meier method to estimate 15-year local recurrence-free and @entity0 -specific survival rates for each stage at diagnosis. For each stage, the two rates were compared. After a mean follow-up of 13.1  years, 243 @entity1 (14.5  %) experienced a local recurrence and 281 @entity1 (16.8  %) died of @entity0 . The 15-year actuarial rate of local recurrence was 16  % for @entity1 with @entity3821 , 15  % for @entity1 with @entity5 and 16  % for @entity1 with @entity5 . The 15-year @entity0 -specific mortality rate was 3  % for @entity1 with @entity3821 , 10  % for @entity1 with @entity0 and 30  % for @entity1 with @entity0 . After experiencing a local recurrence, the 15-year @entity0 mortality rate was 16  % for @entity1 with @entity3821 , 32  % for @entity1 with @entity0 and 59  % for @entity1 with @entity0 . Across the spectrum of the early stages of @entity0 , the risk of local recurrence does not correlate with the risk of @entity204 from @entity0 . After local recurrence, the risk of @entity204 from @entity0 depends on the initial stage at diagnosis.

title: The relationship between local recurrence and @entity204 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'Women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['stage I breast cancer', 'breast cancer', 'stage II breast cancer', 'early-stage breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage II cancer', 'stage I cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['lymphovascular invasion']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['early-stage breast cancer']


abstract: Introduction. @entity697 ( @entity697 ) is a common medical condition; however, the grade of @entity698 usually cannot be established preoperatively. We have attempted to identify some indicators, such as the mean platelet volume ( @entity6688 ) and the platelet distribution width (PDW), to diagnose @entity697 . Aims. To evaluate whether or not the @entity6688 and PDW are suitable markers to diagnose @entity697 . Methods. A retrospective study of 160 @entity1 with @entity697 and 160 healthy @entity1 was undertaken. Disease diagnosis was confirmed based on the pathologic examination of surgical specimens. @entity1 white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil ratio (NR), platelet (PLT) count, @entity6688 , PDW, and hematocrit (HCT) were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of these indices in @entity697 . Results. There were no significant differences between the @entity697 and control groups in age and gender. Compared to the control group, the WBC count, NR, and PDW were significantly higher (P < 0.001, resp.) and the @entity6688 and HCT were significantly lower (P < 0.001, resp.) in the @entity697 group. The diagnostic specificities of the WBC count, NR, PLT count, @entity6688 , PDW, and HCT were 86.3%, 92.5%, 58.1%, 81.7%, 83.9%, and 66.3%, respectively. Therefore, the NR had the highest diagnostic specificity for the diagnosis of @entity697 . Conclusions. This is the first study to assess the @entity6688 and PDW in @entity1 with @entity697 . Our present study showed that the @entity6688 is reduced and the PDW is increased in @entity1 with @entity697 ; the sensitivity of PDW was superior to the @entity6688 . A decreased @entity6688 value and an increased PDW could serve as two markers to diagnose @entity697 . The NR had the highest specificity for the diagnosis of @entity697 .

title: Mean Platelet Volume and Platelet Distribution Width as Markers in the Diagnosis of Acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['AGA', 'Acute gangrenous appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['Gangrenous Appendicitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Osteochondritis dissecans of the knee is a challenging clinical problem. We previously reported on the early successful results of autologous chondrocyte transplantation for the treatment of focal cartilage defects. The purpose of the present study was to assess the intermediate to long-term results of this technique in a large group of @entity1 with @entity1843 . METHODS: Fifty-eight @entity1 with radiographically documented @entity1843 of the knee underwent treatment with autologous chondrocyte transplantation between 1987 and 2000 and were assessed clinically with use of standard rating scales. Twenty-two @entity1 consented to arthroscopic second-look evaluation of graft integrity. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 at the time of autologous chondrocyte transplantation was 26.4 years (range, fourteen to fifty-two years). Seven @entity1 were less than eighteen years old. Thirty-five @entity1 (60%) had juvenile-onset disease, and forty-eight @entity1 (83%) had had a mean of 2.1 prior operations. The defect was located on the medial femoral condyle in thirty-nine @entity1 and on the lateral femoral condyle in nineteen. The mean lesion size was 5.7 cm (2) (range, 1.5 to 12.0 cm (2) ), and the mean defect depth was 7.8 mm (range, 4 to 15 mm). After a mean duration of follow-up of 5.6 years, 91% of the @entity1 had a good or excellent overall rating on the basis of a clinician evaluation and 93% had improvement on a @entity1 self-assessment questionnaire. The Tegner-Wallgren, Lysholm, and Brittberg-Peterson VAS scores were all improved. The macroscopic quality of graft integrity averaged 11.2 on a 12-point scale, with only one graft having a score of <9 points. Two @entity1 had a failure of treatment in the early postoperative period. Only one @entity1 who had had a good or excellent rating at two years had a decline in clinical status at the time of the latest follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of @entity1843 lesions of the knee with autologous chondrocyte transplantation produces an integrated repair tissue with a successful clinical result in >90% of @entity1 . We recommend the wider use of autologous chondrocyte transplantation for this condition.

title: Treatment of XXXX of the knee with autologous chondrocyte transplantation: results at two to ten years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1843 :: ('MESH:D010008', 'Disease') :: ['osteochondritis dissecans']

answer: @entity1843 :: (MESH:D010008,Disease) :: ['osteochondritis dissecans']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A distributed network of neurons regulates wake, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, and REM sleep. However, there are also glia in the brain, and there is growing evidence that neurons and astroglia communicate intimately to regulate behaviour. To identify the effect of optogenetic stimulation of astrocytes on sleep, the promoter for the astrocyte-specific cytoskeletal protein, @entity9327 ( @entity9327 ) was used to direct the expression of channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) and the linked reporter gene, enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP), in astrocytes. rAAV- @entity9327 -ChR2 ( @entity59440 )-EYFP or rAAV- @entity9327 -EYFP was microinjected (750  nL) into the posterior hypothalamus (bilateral) of @entity19 . Three weeks later baseline sleep was recorded (0  Hz) and 24  h later optogenetic stimulation applied during the first 6  h of the lights-off period. @entity19 with ChR2 were given 5, 10 or 30  Hz stimulation for 6  h (10-ms pulses; 1  mW; 1  min on 4  min off). At least 36  h elapsed between the stimulation periods (5, 10, 30  Hz) and although 0  Hz was always first, the order of the other three stimulation rates was randomised. In @entity19 with ChR2 (n  =  7), 10  Hz, but not 5 or 30  Hz stimulation increased both NREM and REM sleep during the 6-h period of stimulation. Delta power did not increase. In control @entity19 (no ChR2; n  =  5), 10  Hz stimulation had no effect. This study demonstrates that direct stimulation of astrocytes powerfully induces sleep during the active phase of the sleep-wake cycle and underlines the inclusion of astrocytes in network models of @entity25 .

title: Optogenetic stimulation of astrocytes in the posterior hypothalamus increases sleep at night in C57BL/6J XXXX .

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep-wake regulation']

entities_list: @entity9327 :: ('14580(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['glial fibrillary acidic protein', 'GFAP']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1312 and @entity636 , produced mainly by @entity61 and Th17 cells, respectively, have an influential role in @entity565 pathogenesis. We examined the role of @entity1312 and @entity636 in mediating @entity55 , and mucus @entity4648 in a dual @entity61 /Th17 model of @entity565 . @entity1312 and/or @entity636 were neutralized using mAbs. @entity61 /Th17 adoptive transfer induced a mixed @entity565 phenotype characterized by elevated @entity1712 and @entity4795 , tissue @entity32 , mucus @entity4648 , and AHR that were partially reversible with @entity479 treatment. @entity55 and quasi-static lung compliance were largely unaffected by neutralization of @entity1312 and/or @entity636 . However, neutralization of @entity1312 alone or in combination with @entity636 significantly attenuated AHR and mucus @entity4648 . Further, @entity9094 activation was attenuated following @entity1312 and @entity1312 / @entity636 Ab treatment. We next assessed the role of @entity9094 in @entity61 /Th17-mediated allergic airway disease using @entity9094 (-/-) @entity19 . @entity9094 (-/-) @entity19 adoptively transferred with @entity61 /Th17 cells had decreased AHR compared with controls. These data suggest that @entity1312 drives AHR and mucus @entity4648 in a @entity9094 -dependent manner, without directly contributing to airway or tissue @entity32 . @entity636 independently contributes to AHR, but it only partially mediates @entity32 and mucus @entity4648 in a mixed @entity61 /Th17 model of @entity479 -resistant @entity565 .

title: Molecular Mechanisms of Airway Hyperresponsiveness in a XXXX Model of @entity479 -Resistant Airway Inflammation.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary inflammation', 'airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity4795 :: ('MESH:C563010', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophilia']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Murine']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare, in pairwise fashion, the effects of @entity1875 and @entity4671 during ambulatory cardioversion and early recovery. DESIGN: Clinical, prospective, randomized, blinded, monocenter, pairwise, comparative study SETTING: OR and recovery area of the electrophysiological department, University Hospital Ghent, Belgium. @entity1 : 34 @entity1 with @entity943 who were scheduled for repetitive electrical cardioversion, of whom 25 @entity1 completed the study. INTERVENTIONS: Nonpremedicated @entity1 received during the first cardioversion either @entity1875 (1 mg/kg) or @entity4671 (0.2 mg/kg) until @entity909 , followed by electrical external cardioversion. If after restoration of sinus rhythm for at least 1 day, @entity943 reoccurred, a second session was performed a week later, using the other induction drug. MEASUREMENTS: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure values taken before drug administration, at @entity909 , 60 seconds after cardioversion, and awake; the number of shocks, the total amount of energy, the number of @entity1 in which we failed to restore sinus rhythm, the time before opening eyes, answering simple questions and be able to sit, were all noted. Aldrete scores and the Steward postanesthetic recovery scores were noted every minute until 10 minutes after the external cardioversion. Recovery tests were performed and evaluated 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes after energy delivery. MAIN RESULTS: Number of shocks, amount of energy, and blood pressure values were comparable in both groups. Recovery times and Aldrete and Steward postanesthetic recovery scores showed a faster awakening in @entity1 who were induced with @entity1875 . Overall performance of the psychomotor test was better in the @entity1875 group, and most pronounced at 10 and 15 minutes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4671 and @entity1875 are both useful during ambulatory external electrical cardioversion. The described doses maintain stable hemodynamic conditions in nonpremedicated @entity1 . Recovery scores and psychomotor test indicate a faster recovery in the @entity1875 group. However, no intergroup differences were noted at 20 minutes after the cardioversion. A safe discharge of all @entity1 from the critical care unit or postanesthesia care unit to the ward can be considered after 30 minutes.

title: Ambulatory electrical external cardioversion with XXXX or @entity4671 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity4671 :: ('MESH:D005045', 'Chemical') :: ['etomidate', 'Etomidate']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmia']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preventing post-surgical complications after @entity2720 ( @entity2720 ) is of great importance, and application of an appropriate wound dressing is necessary. Since no dressing encompasses all the parameters required for ideal wound healing, a comparison of the available dressing types can assist the surgeon to choose the best dressing after @entity2720 . METHODS: Studies evaluating postoperative wound dressings after @entity2720 were reviewed in order to assess the outcomes, complications and costs associated with dressing types. RESULTS: Traditional @entity2708 dressings have a high ability to absorb exudate. However, they dry out sooner and there is a risk of @entity158 and additional @entity130 during dressing changes. Although vapor permeable dressings allow transmission of moisture, but they have low absorptive capacity and require frequent changes even with moderately exudating wounds. On the other hand, hydrofiber and hydrocolloid dressings have high absorptive capacity and permeability, and can cope with exudate production. They are changed less often and have low blistering rates, which may reduce @entity281 ( @entity281 ). Although the unit cost associated with advanced dressings is much higher than the traditional dressings, the decreased rate of @entity281 ( @entity281 ) and the cost associated with treating @entity281 more than compensate for it. CONCLUSIONS: Choice of dressing type after @entity2720 should depend upon permeability, absorptive capacity, documented rate of @entity281 and cost effectiveness with its use, apart from a surgeon's past clinical experience and familiarity.

title: Wound dressings for primary and revision XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['periprosthetic joint infection', 'surgical site infection', 'SSI', 'PJI']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['total joint arthroplasty', 'TJA']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['total joint arthroplasty']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The progression from hospitalization for a @entity1729 to requiring substantial supportive therapy is a key stage of the @entity683 severity pyramid. @entity1729 are responsible for 300,000-400,000 medical encounters each year among @entity10479 military personnel, some of which progress to severe @entity1729 . METHODS: We obtained data on 11,086 hospitalizations for @entity55 and @entity683 (P_I) among non-recruit @entity10479 military service members during the period of 1 January 2000 through 31 December 2012. From these, we identified 512 P_I hospitalizations that progressed to severe @entity2749 using standard case definitions. We evaluated the effect of demographic and occupational characteristics, co-morbid conditions, and history of @entity683 vaccination on the risk of a hospitalized P_I case becoming a severe case. We also evaluated the risk of a severe outcome and the length of time since @entity683 vaccination (within 180, 60, and 30 days). RESULTS: The median age of subjects at the time of the P_I episode was 32 years (range, 28-40) and subjects were predominantly male (89.5%). In a univariate analysis, demographic risk factors for a severe episode included service in the @entity10479 Air Force (RR=1.6 relative to @entity10479 Army, 95%CI 1.3-2.1), @entity10479 Coast Guard (RR=2.1, 1.2-3.7) or @entity10479 Navy (RR=1.4, 1.1-1.8). Being born in the @entity10479 and recent @entity683 vaccination (within 180 days of episode) were protective against developing severe disease. Among co-morbid conditions, univariate risk factors for severe disease included @entity8 (RR=4.98, 95%CI 4.1-6.1), @entity262 (RR=3.1, 95%CI 2.6-3.7), @entity6 (RR=2.3, 95%CI 1.5-3.6), @entity28 (RR=1.6, 95%CI 1.2-2.1), @entity5 (RR=1.6, 95%CI 1.3-2.0), and @entity1030 (RR=1.4, 95%CI 1.1-1.7). Although many of the risk factors found to be significant in univariate analysis were no longer significant under a multivariate analysis, receipt of any @entity683 vaccine within 180 days of episode remained protective (RR=0.81, 95%CI 0.67-0.99), while serving in the @entity10479 Coast Guard (RR=1.9, 95%CI 1.1-3.4) or @entity10479 Air Force (RR=1. 5, 95%CI 1.2-2.0), presence of @entity409 (RR=3.6, 95%CI 2.9-4.6), and @entity262 (RR=2.2, 95%CI 1.8-2.8), remained significantly associated with a higher risk of developing severe disease. CONCLUSIONS: In a large cohort, after adjusting for many possible risk factors, @entity683 vaccination was protective against severe @entity2749 among P_I hospitalizations. The service-specific ( @entity10479 Coast Guard or @entity10479 Air Force) increased risk may represent some differences in data (e.g., coding or reporting practices) as opposed to genuine differences in physiological outcome. Our findings suggest that @entity409 as well as @entity262 may contribute to @entity683 severity in this population independently of age and other potential comorbidities. These findings provide additional evidence for the prioritization of specific risk groups within the @entity10479 military for @entity683 vaccination.

title: Risk factors for severe outcomes among members of the United States military hospitalized with XXXX and @entity683 , 2000-2012.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal or liver disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['renal and liver disease', 'renal or liver disease']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['diseases of the circulatory system']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['Respiratory infections', 'acute respiratory infections', 'respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND In the United States, approximately 2500 cases of @entity201 occur each year. The average incidence is 1 case/100 000 @entity1 each year. Surgical resection is the mainstay for the treatment of @entity201 . The result of surgery depends on location of the @entity5 , extent of @entity5 penetration of the bile duct, @entity5 -free resection margins, and lymph node and distant metastases. There has been an increase in the incidence of @entity1419 ( @entity1419 ) globally over a period of 30 years from 0.32/100 000 to 0.85/100 000 @entity1 each year. Epidemiologically, the incidence of @entity1419 has been increasing in the U.S. from year 1973 to 2010. CASE REPORT We are reporting a first case of primary @entity1419 of pure squamous cell histology. A 64-year-old @entity1 presented with right upper-quadrant @entity158 , @entity1087 , and @entity353 . Imaging studies revealed a large hepatobiliary mass, intrahepatic bile duct dilation, normal common duct, and absence of @entity2877 . Delayed-contrast magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen showed peripheral enhancement of the central lesion, which is typical of @entity201 in @entity157 or @entity3 . Cancer antigen 19-9 was markedly elevated. Liver function tests were deranged. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography showed high degree of left hepatic duct stricture. Brush cytopathology was positive for atypia. The @entity1 underwent exploratory laparotomy for en-bloc resection of the hepatobiliary mass with colon resection, liver resection, and cholecystectomy. Histology revealed @entity957 . Based on these findings, a definitive diagnosis of well-differentiated @entity957 of the intrahepatic bile duct was made. CONCLUSIONS @entity957 of the biliary tree is very rare and the majority of @entity5 are @entity420 . @entity201 containing a squamous cell component have a poor prognosis due to its @entity146 . However, prognosis of @entity201 with pure SCC histology is unknown because this is the first case in the literature.

title: First Reported Case of Primary XXXX with Pure Squamous Cell Histology: A Case Report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'man', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behavior']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma', 'Squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['Cholangiocarcinomas', 'cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1419 :: ('MESH:C535533', 'Disease') :: ['IHCC', 'intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['contrast to hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['choledocholithiasis']

answer: @entity1419 :: (MESH:C535533,Disease) :: ['Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: prevention of disability is an important aim of healthcare for older @entity1 . Selection of @entity1 at risk is a first crucial step in this process. OBJECTIVES: this study investigates the predictive value of multimorbidity for the development of disability in the general population of very old @entity1 and the role of @entity73 in this association. DESIGN: the Leiden 85-plus Study (1997-2004) is an observational prospective cohort study with 5 years of follow-up. SETTING: general population of the city of Leiden, the Netherlands. SUBJECTS: population based sample of 594 @entity1 aged 85 years. METHODS: disability in activities of daily living (ADL) was measured annually for 5 years with the Groningen Activity Restriction Scale (range 9-36, 9 = optimal). Multimorbidity is defined as the presence of two or more @entity102 at age 85 years. Cognitive function was measured at baseline with the mini-mental state examination (MMSE). RESULTS: at baseline @entity1 with multimorbidity had higher @entity717 scores compared with those without [median 11 inter-quartile range (IQR 9-16) versus 9 (IQR 9-13) ADL points, Mann-Whitney U test P < 0.001]. Stratified into four MMSE groups, @entity717 increased over time in all groups, even in @entity1 without multimorbidity (P trend <0.001). Multimorbidity predicted accelerated increase in @entity717 in @entity1 with MMSE of 28-30 points (n = 205, 0.67 points/year, P < 0.001), but not in @entity1 with lower MMSE scores (all P > 0.100). CONCLUSION: the predictive value of multimorbidity for the increase in @entity717 varies with cognitive function in very old @entity1 . In very old @entity1 with good cognitive function, multimorbidity predicts accelerated increase in @entity717 . This relation is absent in very old @entity1 with @entity73 .

title: The effect of XXXX on the predictive value of multimorbidity for the increase in disability in the oldest old: the Leiden 85-plus Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ADL disability']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive impairment']


abstract: The incidence of @entity0 in the US is known to be higher among white than black @entity1 and among @entity1 of higher @entity159 ( @entity159 ), but once a @entity1 , either black or white, has the disease, she is more likely to have a recurrence and to die of @entity0 if she is of lower @entity159 . Explanations for these observed differences are varied and inconsistent making it clear that these reported differentials are not sufficiently understood. In understanding @entity0 in a multicultural setting, delay in diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment are frequently the focus of attention. However these factors do not sufficiently explain the observed differences between blacks and whites. A review of recent literature reveals an increasing focus on the role of @entity159 in @entity0 etiology, and progression; however, the confounding of @entity159 with race/ethnicity (black vs. white) contributes to the insufficient understanding of the effect of these two factors. This report will focus on the interplay between race/ethnicity and @entity159 and their relative effects upon analyses of survival from @entity0 . Findings are based on prospective clinical trial data. @entity159 factors have been associated with most of the known or suspected risk factors for @entity0 incidence and progression. In addition to race/ethnicity, @entity159 is also associated with diet, lifestyle factors, physical characteristics, and @entity5 characteristics. Without controlling for other risk factors, the ratios of risk for blacks with respect to whites for disease-free survival and overall survival were 1.30 (95% CI: 1.04-1.61) and 1.42 (95% CI: 1.15-1.76), respectively. However, after controlling for @entity1 risk factors, such as the number of positive lymph nodes, @entity5 diameter, @entity172 receptor status and socioeconomic factors, these differences decrease and are not statistically significant. Socioeconomic status is associated both with race/ethnicity and @entity172 receptor status. A loglinear analysis demonstrates that the apparent association of race/ethnicity with @entity172 receptor status is mediated by @entity159 . An implication of this finding is that environmental and lifestyle components rather than genetic factors associated with race may explain the observed differentials between black and white @entity0 @entity1 . Knowledge of environmental factors associated with @entity159 have the potential for providing important clues about the prevention and control of @entity0 .

title: Socioeconomic factors and XXXX in black and white Americans.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['SES', 'socioeconomic status']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: We have further examined the mechanism by which phorbol ester-mediated @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) activation protects against @entity5 @entity39 factor ( @entity310 )-related apoptosis-inducing ligand ( @entity2205 )-induced @entity137 . We now report that activation of @entity7131 targets death receptor signaling complex formation. Pre-treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (PMA) led to inhibition of @entity2205 -induced apoptosis in HeLa cells, which was characterized by a reduction in phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, decreased @entity8186 processing, and incomplete maturation and activation of @entity522 . These effects of PMA were completely abrogated by the @entity7131 inhibitor, bisindolylmaleimide I (Bis I), clearly implicating @entity7131 in the protective effect of PMA. @entity2205 -induced mitochondrial release of the apoptosis mediators @entity4674 and @entity17205 was blocked by PMA. This, together with the observed decrease in Bid cleavage, suggested that @entity7131 activation modulates apical events in @entity2205 signaling upstream of mitochondria. This was confirmed by analysis of @entity2205 death-inducing signaling complex formation, which was disrupted in PMA-treated cells as evidenced by a marked reduction in @entity23903 ( @entity23903 ) recruitment, an effect that could not be explained by any change in @entity23903 phosphorylation state. In an in vitro binding assay, the intracellular domains of both @entity3048 and @entity3049 bound @entity23903 : activation of @entity7131 significantly inhibited this interaction suggesting that @entity7131 may be targeting key apical components of death receptor signaling. Significantly, this effect was not confined to @entity2205 , because isolation of the native @entity310 receptor signaling complex revealed that @entity7131 activation also inhibited @entity310 receptor-associated death domain protein recruitment to @entity10736 and @entity310 -induced phosphorylation of @entity4284 . Taken together, these results show that @entity7131 activation specifically inhibits the recruitment of key obligatory death domain-containing adaptor proteins to their respective membrane-associated signaling complexes, thereby modulating @entity2205 -induced apoptosis and @entity310 -induced NF-kappaB activation, respectively.

title: Protein kinase C modulates @entity5 XXXX factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-induced apoptosis by targeting the apical events of death receptor signaling.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity23903 :: ('8772', 'Gene') :: ['FADD', 'Fas-associated death domain protein']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: Isotope discrimination is a common feature of biosynthesis in nature, with the result that different classes of @entity505 compounds frequently display different @entity7352 /(12)C ratios. The @entity7352 / @entity41202 ratio of lipid in @entity415 tuber tissue is considerably lower than that for starch or protein. We have collected respiratory @entity515 from @entity415 discs in successive periods through 24 hr from the time of cutting-an interval in which the respiration rate rises 3-5-fold. The @entity7352 / @entity41202 ratio of the evolved @entity515 was determined for each period, and compared with the @entity7352 /(12)C ratios of the major tissue metabolites. In the first hours the @entity505 isotope ratio of the @entity515 matches that of lipid. With time, the ratio approaches that typical of starch or protein. An estimation has been made of the contribution of lipid and @entity1735 to the total respiration at each juncture. In connection with additional observations, it was deduced that the basal, or initial, respiration represents lipid metabolism-possibly the alpha-oxidation of long chain @entity1718 -while the developed repiration represents conventional @entity6626 cycle oxidation of the products of @entity1735 glycolysis. The true isotopic composition of the respiratory @entity515 may be obscured by fractionation attending the refixation of @entity515 during respiration, and by @entity515 arising from dissolved @entity515 and @entity3157 preexisting in the tuber. Means are described for coping with both pitfalls.

title: The prevalence of @entity505 -13 in respiratory carbon dioxide as an indicator of the types of endogenous substrate. The change from lipid to @entity1735 during the respiratory rise in XXXX slices.

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity6626 :: ('CHEBI:27093', 'Chemical') :: ['tricarboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity415 :: (4113,Species) :: ['potato']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In pulpal revascularization, a protective material is placed coronal to the blood clot to prevent recontamination and to facilitate osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to produce new dental tissues. Although mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has been the material of choice for clot protection, it is easily displaced into the clot during condensation. The present study evaluated the effects of recently introduced @entity4799 cements ( @entity4800 and TheraCal LC) on the viability and osteogenic differentiation of @entity1 dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) by comparing with MTA Angelus. METHODS: Cell viability was assessed using XTT assay and flow cytometry. The osteogenic potential of hDPSCs exposed to @entity4799 cements was examined using qRT-PCR for osteogenic gene expressions, alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity, @entity622 S staining and transmission electron microscopy of extracellular @entity460 deposits. Parametric statistical methods were employed for analyses of significant difference among groups, with a=0.05. RESULTS: The cytotoxic effects of @entity4800 and TheraCal LC on hDPSCs were time- and concentration-dependent. Osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs was enhanced after exposure to @entity4800 that was depleted of its cytotoxic components. This effect was less readily observed in hDPSCs exposed to TheraCal LC, although both cements supported extracellular mineralization better than the positive control ( @entity1947 - @entity4744 -based cement). SIGNIFICANCE: A favorable tissue response is anticipated to occur with the use of @entity4800 as a blood clot-protecting material for pulpal revascularization. Further investigations with the use of in vivo animal models are required to validate the potential adverse biological effects of TheraCal LC on hDPSCs.

title: Cytotoxicity and osteogenic potential of silicate XXXX cements as potential protective materials for pulpal revascularization.

entities_list: @entity1947 :: ('MESH:D015034', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc oxide']

entities_list: @entity622 :: ('MESH:C010078', 'Chemical') :: ['Alizarin red']

entities_list: @entity4800 :: ('MESH:C506393', 'Chemical') :: ['Biodentine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity4799 :: ('MESH:C031293', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium silicate']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: We performed a retrospective analysis in @entity1 after operative therapy of @entity30 in our institution. @entity1 AND METHODS: 81 @entity1 that underwent surgery from 1990-1995 were analysed retrospectively. The follow up period in these @entity1 was 42 months. RESULTS: In 81 @entity1 a total of 88 operations were performed. 56 @entity1 were operated for the first time. The average @entity1 's age was 35 years (range 14-76 years). @entity30 was located predominantly in the area of the ileocoecal valve. The most frequent operation was the ileocoecal resection. The prevalent operative indication in @entity1 with small intestine Cohn's disease was the obstruction, in small intestine and colon manifestation the @entity292 . Complications in the early postoperative course appeared in 14 % of the @entity1 . Postoperative mortality was 1.1 %. In a postoperative observation period of 3.5 years 3 of 57 @entity1 (5 %) had to undergo surgery again, due to recurrence. Altogether 25 of 81 (31 %) @entity1 revealed a recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical therapy of @entity30 can be performed safely and provides long-term recurrence and complaint free periods.

title: [Long-term results after surgical therapy of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: 1). To describe the factors associated with not receiving an @entity565 diagnosis among @entity1 with frequent wheezing symptoms and 2). to determine risk factors for frequent wheezing in the population. METHODS: The North Carolina School @entity565 Survey provided self-reported questionnaire data on respiratory health from 122 829 @entity1 ages 12 to 18 years enrolled in 499 public middle schools in North Carolina during the 1999-2000 school year. Questions from the International Survey of @entity566 and @entity565 in Childhood were used to estimate the prevalence of @entity565 and wheezing-related illness and associated factors. RESULTS: Factors independently associated with undiagnosed frequent wheezing versus asymptomatic @entity1 included female gender (odds ratio [OR]: 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35-1.54), current smoking (OR: 2.60; 95% CI: 2.43-2.79), exposure to household smoke (OR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.50-1.70), low socioeconomic status (OR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.42-1.63), and African American (OR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.15-1.34), Native American (OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.11-1.62), and Mexican American (OR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.17-1.48) race/ethnicity. Urban residence showed a weak negative association (OR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.85-0.96). A similar pattern of results was observed for analyses comparing odds of undiagnosed frequent wheeze versus diagnosed @entity748 . Report of @entity566 was less likely in frequent wheezers (70%) compared with diagnosed @entity748 (86%), but much higher than in asymptomatic @entity1 (36%). Thirty-three percent of @entity1 with undiagnosed frequent wheezing reported 1 or more physician visits in the last year for wheezing or breathing problems compared with 71% of @entity1 with diagnosed @entity565 , and 4% in asymptomatic @entity1 . The prevalence of any inhaler use in the past 12 months was 12% for undiagnosed frequent wheezers versus 78% for diagnosed @entity748 . The proportion of undiagnosed frequent wheezers with fair or poor self-rated health (23%) was slightly higher than diagnosed @entity748 (20%) and much higher than asymptomatic @entity1 (4%). CONCLUSIONS: In one of the largest adolescent @entity565 surveys ever reported in the United States, undiagnosed frequent wheezing was independently associated with female gender, current smoking, exposure to household smoke, low socioeconomic status, @entity566 , and African American, Native American, and Mexican American race/ethnicity. @entity1 with undiagnosed frequent wheezing were not receiving adequate health care for their @entity565 -like illness. Clinicians who treat adolescents should consider asking adolescents specifically about wheezing. This information may assist primary care physicians in identifying @entity1 with undiagnosed @entity565 in need of treatment.

title: Who gets diagnosed with @entity565 ? Frequent wheeze among adolescents with and without a diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['Allergies', 'allergies']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatics']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Whereas @entity2752 is effective in the treatment of locally advanced/metastatic @entity1491 , @entity2342 and @entity353 are common side effects of such treatment. The main objective of this study was to monitor the nutritional status of @entity2752 -treated @entity1 . Secondary objective was to assess the incidence of @entity2342 and the benefit of early nutritional management. METHODS: This prospective study included all @entity1 who started @entity2752 between October 2011 and May 2013 at Nantes University Hospital. Prior to July 2012, @entity1 treated with @entity2752 had not received any specific nutritional management (Historical cohort). Body weight and presence of @entity2342 were recorded monthly. @entity1 treated after July 2012 (Nutrition cohort)   were evaluated by a physician of the Nutrition Support Unit and received dietary counseling at @entity2752 initiation. A standardized nutritional management protocol was initiated in case of significant @entity353 . RESULTS: Forty-five @entity1 (21 and 24 in the Nutrition and Historical cohort, respectively) were enrolled. In the Nutrition cohort, five @entity1 (24  %) were undernourished at @entity2752 initiation, and the 6-month cumulative incidence of @entity2342 was 71  %. Eight @entity1 (38  %) and 13 @entity1 (54  %) had a @entity353 greater than 5  % in the Nutrition and Historical cohort, respectively (p   =   0.3727). CONCLUSION: The results of this pilot study suggest the benefit of early nutritional screening. The potential benefit of nutritional support in this setting warrants further investigation.

title: Dysgeusia and @entity353 under treatment with XXXX : benefit of nutritional management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity2752 :: ('MESH:C538724', 'Chemical') :: ['vismodegib']

entities_list: @entity2342 :: ('MESH:D004408', 'Disease') :: ['dysgeusia']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity2752 :: (MESH:C538724,Chemical) :: ['vismodegib']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity101 and @entity453 ( @entity453 ) often manifest abnormalities at rest in left ventricular (LV) diastolic function and reduced exercise tolerance. It is possible that abnormalities in filling persist during exercise and are partially related to abnormal exercise tolerance. We examined rest and exercise peak filling rate (PFR) to determine if changes in PFR during exercise influence exercise performance. We studied 20 @entity1 with @entity101 who had no evidence of @entity453 (negative thallium-201 stress imaging) and 15 @entity1 with prior @entity583 , preserved ejection fraction, and no @entity63 by thallium-201 stress imaging. Results were compared with 20 normal subjects. All 55 subjects had rest and exercise radionuclide angiograms Peak workload, exercise time, and LV ejection fraction were reduced in subjects with @entity453 (57 +/- 24 W, 7.41 +/- 2.91 min, and 60 +/- 9%) compared with subjects with @entity101 (72 +/- 21 W, 9.69 +/- 3.03 min, and 70 +/- 6%, p <0.05) and controls (80 +/- 30 W, 10.82 +/- 3.50 min, and 67 +/- 6%, p <0.05). PFR at rest was reduced in @entity453 subjects (2.40 +/- 0.70 end-diastolic volume per second [EDV/s]) compared with those with @entity101 (2.89 +/- 0.70 EDV/s, p <0.02) and controls (3.23 +/- 0.52 EDV/s, p <0.0002). The increments in PFR during exercise were reduced in @entity453 @entity1 (+1.76 +/- 0.95 EDV/s) compared with @entity101 subjects (+2.93 +/- 1.7 EDV/s) and controls (+3.22 +/- 1.4 EDV/s, p <0.05). The increment in PFR during exercise was related to exercise performance (r = 0.49, p <0.0002). These findings suggest that alterations in LV diastolic filling during exercise are important determinants of exercise performance.

title: Relation of changes in left ventricular peak filling rate during exercise to exercise performance in XXXX and in healed @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'systemic hypertension']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['systemic hypertension']


abstract: RATIONALE: Sputum biomarkers of @entity281 and @entity32 are noninvasive measures that enable quantification of the complex pathophysiology of @entity9129 . Validation of these biomarkers as correlates of disease severity is a key step for their application. OBJECTIVES: We constructed a large database from four multicenter studies to quantify the strength of association between expectorated sputum biomarkers and FEV(1.) METHODS: FEV(1) (range, 25-120% predicted) and quantitative data on expectorated sputum biomarkers including free neutrophil elastase, @entity687 , neutrophils, @entity796 , and @entity794 were obtained from 269 @entity1 (ages, 9-54 years) from 33 centers. Cross-sectional and longitudinal statistical analyses were performed to estimate associations between the markers and FEV(1), including the use of multivariable analyses. RESULTS: Elastase was negatively correlated with FEV(1) (correlation [r] = -0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.46, -0.22). On average, @entity1 with @entity1577 who differed in their elastase measurements by 0.5 log differed in their FEV(1) values by -7.3% (95% CI: -9.7, -4.6). Neutrophil counts and @entity687 were also each negatively correlated. In a multivariable regression, elastase and neutrophil counts were able to explain the majority of variation in FEV(1). Elastase was further shown to have a significant longitudinal association with FEV(1), specifically a -2.9% decline in FEV(1) (95% CI: -5.0, -0.9) per 1-log increase in elastase. Although correlated with FEV(1), bacterial densities were unable to explain clinically meaningful differences in FEV(1) within and across @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: These data support the role of sputum biomarkers as correlates of disease severity in a diverse @entity1577 population.

title: Association between pulmonary function and sputum biomarkers in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity9129 :: ('MESH:C563237', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Progressive @entity9744 ( @entity11762 ) is often characterized by @entity111 -induced self-mutilation with minimal response to medical therapy. The causative @entity1448 is likely to progress to @entity82 necessitating transplantation. Partial external biliary diversion has been used with promising results for the @entity1087 and debilitating @entity111 but all the potential complications and aesthetic concerns of long-term stomas attend this approach. METHODS: The authors describe a terminal ileal exclusion that was first developed for @entity1 who had previously undergone cholecystectomy. Over a 3-year period, we identified for study seven @entity1 with liver histology characteristic of @entity11762 accompanying a clinical picture of chronic @entity1448 without a defined metabolic or anatomic abnormality. The first two @entity1 underwent a cholecystojejunal cutaneous stoma, until now, the recommended treatment for this condition. The third had previously undergone cholecystectomy so an ileocolonic @entity254 was performed excluding the distal 15% of the small bowel. This @entity1 had complete relief of @entity111 without evidence of @entity294 . Two more terminal ileal exclusions were performed with similar results before standardizing this approach. The authors approximated small intestinal length using Siebert's graph relating crown-heel length to small intestinal length. The midpoint between the mean and one standard deviation below the mean was determined. Fifteen percent of the estimated small bowel length was measured back from the ileocecal valve and then divided using a linear stapling device. A stapled @entity254 was created between the proximal ileum and the cecum, bypassing the terminal ileum. RESULTS: Four of five @entity1 have had relief from their @entity111 and self-mutilation with no evidence of @entity294 . Terminal ileal bypass offers a stoma-free, completely reversible "biliary diversion." CONCLUSION: Early results on a few @entity1 are promising, but long-term evaluation of growth, development, and liver function and histology is needed before advocating this as the primary therapy for @entity11762 .

title: Ileal exclusion for XXXX : an alternative surgical approach with promising early results for @entity111 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity11762 :: ('MESH:C535933', 'Disease') :: ["Byler's disease"]

entities_list: @entity9744 :: ('MESH:D002780', 'Disease') :: ['familial intrahepatic cholestasis']

answer: @entity11762 :: (MESH:C535933,Disease) :: ['Byler's disease']


abstract: Focused ultrasound (FUS) exposure with the presence of microbubbles has been shown to transiently open the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and thus has potential to enhance the delivery of various kinds of therapeutic agents into @entity1313 . The purpose of this study was to assess the preclinical therapeutic efficacy of FUS-BBB opening for enhanced @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) delivery in @entity11 treatment. FUS exposure with microbubbles was delivered to open the BBB of @entity19 that were either normal or implanted with U87 @entity1 @entity11 cells. Different @entity2904 dose regimens were tested, ranging from 2.5 to 25 mg/kg. Plasma and brain samples were obtained at different time-points ranging from 0.5 to 4 hours, and the @entity2904 concentration within samples was quantitated via a developed LC-MS/MS procedure. @entity5 progression was followed with T2-MRI, and animal survival and brain tissue histology were conducted. Results demonstrated that FUS-BBB opening caused the local @entity2904 accumulation in the brain to increase from 6.98 to 19 ng/mg. @entity2904 degradation time in the @entity5 core was found to increase from 1.02 to 1.56 hours. Improved @entity5 progression and animal survival were found at different @entity2904 doses (up to 15% and 30%, respectively). In conclusion, this study provides preclinical evidence that FUS-BBB opening increases the local concentration of @entity2904 to improve the control of @entity5 progression and animal survival, suggesting the potential for clinical application to improve current @entity1313 treatment.

title: Pharmacodynamic and therapeutic investigation of focused ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier opening for enhanced @entity2903 delivery in XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity191 is a @entity179 that is being characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway in the brain. The protective effect of @entity9540 is unclear. There are lots of contradictions in the literature with regard to the cytoprotective role of @entity1426 . To date, there is no solid evidence that shows the protective role of @entity9540 in @entity191 . In the current study, the potential of two @entity9540 (i.e. @entity1426 and @entity4722 ) in alleviating @entity9013 ( @entity9016 )-induced @entity137 in PC12 cells was examined. METHODS: Cultured PC12 cells were either treated with @entity9016 + alone or co-treated with one of the @entity9540 for 1  day. Cell viability was then assessed by using the @entity2454 ( @entity98 ) assay. RESULTS: Cells treated with 500  M @entity9016 + for a day reduced cell viability to ~70% as compared to control group. @entity4722 (50 and 100  M) significantly reduced @entity9016 +-induced cell death back to ~85-90% of the control value. The protective effect could be mimicked by @entity1426 , but not by @entity27491 . CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity4722 and @entity1426 are able to inhibit @entity9016 +-induced @entity137 in PC12 cells. The protection is not mediated via @entity9781 ( @entity3725 -y). Overall, the results suggest the potential role of @entity9540 in the treatment of @entity191 .

title: Protective effect of @entity1426 and XXXX on @entity9013 -induced @entity137 in PC12 cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity9781 :: ('25664(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity9540 :: ('MESH:D043371', 'Chemical') :: ['omega-6 fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorder']

entities_list: @entity27491 :: ('MESH:C039671', 'Chemical') :: ['ciglitazone']

entities_list: @entity9013 :: ('MESH:D015655', 'Chemical') :: ['1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['Linoleic acid', 'linoleic acid']

answer: @entity4722 :: (MESH:D019787,Chemical) :: ['linoleic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An evaluation of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) screening and pre-operative pulmonary rehabilitation in reducing @entity260 and improving fast-track recovery in high-risk @entity1 who undergo resection for @entity2 . METHODS: Of 342 potential @entity2 cases, 142 high-risk @entity1 were finally divided into two groups: group R (n = 71) underwent an intensive pre-operative pulmonary rehabilitation program (PRP), followed by lobectomy; group S (n = 71) underwent only lobectomy with conventional management. @entity260 , average days in hospital, postoperative days in hospital, and cost were analyzed. RESULTS: The 142 high-risk @entity1 were screened by smoking history and CPET. Sixty-eight @entity1 had @entity2488 ( @entity2488 ) and 47 @entity1 had peak expiratory flow <250   L/minute by CPET. The rate of postoperative total complications in group R (16.90%) was significantly lower than in group S (83.31%) (P = 0.00), as was the rate of @entity260 PPC: group R (12.81%) versus   S (13.55%) (P = 0.009); the PPC in the left lung (17.9%) was higher than in the right lung (2.3%) (P = 0.00). The average days in hospital in group S was significantly higher than in group R (P = 0.03). There was no difference between groups in average hospital cost (P = 0.304). CONCLUSION: Pre-operative screening using CPET is conducive to identifying high-risk @entity1 for lung resection. Pre-operative pulmonary rehabilitation is helpful to @entity260 and improve fast-track recovery.

title: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing screening and pre-operative pulmonary rehabilitation XXXX and improve fast-track recovery after @entity2 surgery: A study for 342 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pulmonary complications', 'postoperative complications', 'Postoperative complications', 'reduce postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['BHR', 'bronchial hyperresponsiveness']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['reduce postoperative complications']


abstract: The damage from rapid high energy impacts to cartilage may contribute to the development of @entity571 ( @entity571 ). Understanding how and when cells are damaged during and after the impact may provide insight into how these lesions progress. Mature @entity291 articular cartilage on the intact patella was impacted with a flat impacter to 53 MPa in 250 ms. Cell viability was determined by culturing the cartilage with @entity2387 for 18 h or for 4 days in medium containing 5% serum before labeling (5-day sample) and compared to adjacent, non-impacted tissue as viable cells per area. There was a decrease in viable cell density only in specimens with macroscopic cracks and the loss was localized primarily near matrix cracks, which were in the upper 25% of the tissue. This was confirmed using confocal microscopy with a fluorescent live/dead assay, using @entity15307 and @entity2667 . Cell viability in the impacted regions distant from visible cracks was no different than the non-impacted control. At 5 days, viable cell density decreased in the surface layer in both the control and impacted tissue, but there was no additional impact-related change. In summary, cell @entity204 after the impaction of cartilage on bone occurred around impact induced cracks, but not in impacted areas without cracks. If true in vivo, early stabilization of the damaged area may prevent late sequelae that lead to @entity571 .

title: Cell XXXX after cartilage impact occurs around matrix cracks.

entities_list: @entity15307 :: ('MESH:C069306', 'Chemical') :: ["5'-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate"]

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity2387 :: ('MESH:D009580', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroblue tetrazolium']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: It has been argued on both evolutionary and functional grounds that genes must be shared by the @entity1 sex chromosomes. The only direct evidence for such genes is our previous finding that loci on the @entity1 X ( @entity3778 ) and Y ( @entity3778 ) chromosomes encode a species-specific @entity3058 recognised by the monoclonal antibody 12E7. These loci map to the regions of the sex chromosomes which pair at meiosis, and @entity3778 has been shown to escape X-inactivation. We have used immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis combined with one- and two-dimensional @entity2975 gel electrophoresis to compare the products of @entity3778 and @entity3778 . The @entity1 specific molecule recognised by the 12E7 antibody is a membrane-associated polypeptide of mol. wt. 32.5 kd and pI = 5.0. No difference in size or charge has been detected between X and Y encoded forms of this molecule confirming that @entity3778 is a functional homologue of @entity3778 . An intracellular polypeptide of mol. wt. 29 kd and pI = 7.0 present in the cytoplasm of both @entity1 and @entity19 cells is also recognised by the 12E7 antibody.

title: Biochemical analysis of an antigen produced by both XXXX sex chromosomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity3058 :: ('963', 'Gene') :: ['cell surface antigen']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: In a European multicentre phase II study, 80 postmenopausal @entity1 (pts) with @entity0 progressing on @entity6239 (AG) at daily doses of > or = 500 mg were enrolled. Seventy-eight received @entity17082 (200 mg daily orally), including 33 pts resistant to prior AG, 39 pts who had progressed after an initial response to AG, and 6 pts whose response to AG was either unavailable or not evaluable. Three pts were pretreated with AG only, 69 with @entity440 and AG, and 6 with @entity440 , AG and other hormone therapies; 55% had also previously received chemotherapy. The predominant site of disease was visceral in 34 cases, bone in 27 and soft tissue in 17. Based on Peer Review assessment, the overall objective response rate (CRs plus PRs) was 26% (12% in pts resistant to AG and 33% in AG-responsive pts). Disease stabilisation > or = 24 weeks was achieved in an additional 13% of @entity1 (15% of those resistant to AG and 13% of those AG-responsive), resulting in an overall success rate of 39% (28-50, 95% confidence interval). The median duration of objective response, overall success and median TTP were 59, 48 and 21 weeks, respectively. @entity137 were usually mild to moderate in severity, with hot flushes (21%), @entity390 (19%), @entity1296 (12%), @entity425 (12%), increased sweating (12%), androgenic symptoms (10%) and peripheral @entity4 (9%) as the most common side-effects. Only 2 pts (3%) discontinued treatment due to adverse events. These results are very promising considering that @entity17082 was administered as third- or fourth-line hormonal treatment in most cases and confirm previous observations about the lack of cross-resistance when steroidal aromatase inhibitors are sequenced with the non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor AG.

title: Third-line hormonal treatment with @entity17082 in postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 progressing on @entity6239 : a phase II multicentre multinational study. XXXX Study Group.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity6239 :: ('MESH:D000616', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglutethimide']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity17082 :: ('MESH:C056516', 'Chemical') :: ['exemestane']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

answer: @entity17082 :: (MESH:C056516,Chemical) :: ['Exemestane']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In non-osteoporotic postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 , aromatase inhibitors (AIs) negatively affected @entity79 ( @entity79 ), lumbar spine @entity79 ( @entity79 ) as a bone microarchitecture index, and hip geometry as a bone macroarchitecture index. INTRODUCTION: AIs increase the risk of @entity174 in @entity1 with @entity0 . Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the long-term skeletal effects of AIs in postmenopausal @entity1 with primary @entity0 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective longitudinal observational study in non-osteoporotic @entity1 with @entity0 who were treated with AIs for >= 3  years (T-score >-2.5). @entity1 with previous anti- @entity170 treatment or those who were given @entity5520 during AI treatment were excluded from the analysis. We serially assessed @entity79 , lumbar spine @entity79 , and hip geometry using dual-energy X- @entity16039 absorptiometry. RESULTS: @entity79 significantly decreased from baseline to 5  years at the lumbar spine (-6.15%), femur neck (-7.12%), and total hip (-6.35%). Lumbar spine @entity79 also significantly decreased from baseline to 5  years (-2.12%); this change remained significant after adjusting for lumbar spine @entity79 . The annual loss of lumbar spine @entity79 and @entity79 slowed after 3 and 1  year of treatment, respectively, although there was a relatively constant loss of @entity79 at the femur neck and total hip for up to 4  years. The cross-sectional area, cross-sectional moment of inertia, minimal neck width, femur strength index, and section modulus significantly decreased, although the buckling ratio increased over the treatment period (all P  <  0.001); these changes were independent of total hip @entity79 . CONCLUSIONS: Long-term adjuvant AI treatment negatively influenced bone quality in addition to @entity79 in @entity1 with @entity0 . This study suggests that early monitoring and management are needed in non-osteoporotic @entity1 with @entity0 who are starting AIs.

title: Long-term effect of aromatase inhibitors on bone microarchitecture and macroarchitecture in non-osteoporotic postmenopausal XXXX with @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD', 'trabecular bone score', 'TBS']

entities_list: @entity5520 :: ('D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: In order to examine the specificity of the diagnostic criteria of @entity2646 , we studied 543 @entity1 with @entity3949 without clinical evidence of @entity2646 (307 @entity1 and 236 @entity1 , aged 60.4 +/- 11.1 years old). Moderate or severe @entity16 @entity1 , whose @entity305 index (PNI) was below 80% of the normal, counted 169. Twenty out of 169 @entity6 @entity1 fulfilled the electrophysiologic criteria of @entity2646 . This number corresponded to more than 3.7% of the total @entity6 . Motor conduction velocity category was fulfilled in 90%, conduction block in 65%, distal motor latency in 70% and F-wave latency category in 90% of 20 @entity1 . Incomplete conduction block in the peroneal nerve and abnormally prolonged distal latency in the median nerve were frequent. These findings may reflect an overlaying focal compression. Decreased motor conduction velocity or prolonged F-wave latency were observed almost equally in every nerve. Electrophysiologic diagnostic criteria of @entity2646 was prepared to confirm the demyelinating nature of the @entity16 , and other @entity17 should be ruled out. @entity6 @entity1 who fulfilled this criteria was not rare. This fact is important, because clinical and CSF criteria of @entity2646 will be cleared in most of the @entity6 @entity1 ; some @entity3949 can be diagnosed as probable @entity2646 .

title: [Incidence of @entity3949 which fulfills electrophysiologic criteria of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelinating diseases']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetics', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

answer: @entity2646 :: (MESH:D020277,Disease) :: ['CIDP']