abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There are no previously published studies of the long-term outcome of @entity64 in sub-Saharan Africa. Our goal was to determine the case fatality, time to and cause of @entity204 , and recovery in a hospital cohort of @entity64 @entity1 in The Gambia. METHODS: For 1 year beginning April 1, 1990, any @entity1 presenting to the Royal Victoria Hospital (Banjul) with a diagnosis of @entity64 or having a @entity64 as an inpatient was recruited. After a standardized assessment, @entity1 were followed up at 1 month, 6 months, and 3 to 4 years to assess recovery or, for those who died, record the date and likely cause of @entity204 . RESULTS: Mean age of the 106 @entity1 (70 @entity1 ) was 58 years (range, 20 to 93 years). By 1 and 6 months, 29 (27%) and 47 (44%), respectively, had died, with only 27 (25%) surviving to final follow-up (4 @entity1 not traced). @entity204 occurred in hospital in 43 @entity1 (57%). Cause of @entity204 was the initial @entity64 in 46 (61%), further @entity64 in 5 (7%), infection in 9 (12%), miscellaneous in 8 (11%) (only 1 vascular), and unknown in 7 (9%). On Cox regression analysis, @entity322 in the first 24 hours, sensory inattention, and impaired gag reflex on admission were significant predictors of mortality. Predictors of recovery were similar to those of developed countries. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the young mean age, there was a high case fatality rate. The main cause of @entity204 was the @entity64 itself, and @entity741 was very rare.

title: Mortality and recovery after XXXX in the Gambia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop an animal model to examine the pathophysiology by which S3 sacral root electrostimulation alters the micturition reflex in @entity1 with @entity1494 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Chronic sacral nerve root electrostimulation was applied to spinally transected @entity35 ; 21 animals were divided into four groups. The spinal cord was completely transected at the T10-11 level and stainless-steel electrodes implanted into the sacral foramen in 17 animals; these animals were subsequently divided into two groups (1 and 2). Six @entity35 in group 1 underwent sacral root elctrostimulation for 2 h/day and five in group 2 for 6 h/day, for 21 days. The sham group (group 3, six @entity35 ) received no stimulation and four @entity35 were used as healthy controls (group 4). Voiding frequency was recorded and each animal was evaluated cystometrically at the end of the stimulation period. The results were compared with the sham and control groups. RESULTS: Spinal cord transection resulted in @entity1494 and complete urinary retention; 7-9 days after the injury, the bladder recovered its activity. Twenty-one days after transection all animals had evidence of uninhibited bladder contractions. The mean (SD) hourly frequency of urination was 0.66 (0.18) in healthy controls, 0.83 (0.21) in group 1, 0.87 (0.34) in group 2 and 1.1 (0.31) in group 3. There was a significant decrease in eh cystometric signs of @entity1494 in groups 1 and 2 when compared with group 3. CONCLUSIONS: This work reports and initial study showing that chronic electrostimulation of sacral nerve roots can reduce the signs of @entity1494 in the spinally injured @entity35 . To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the @entity35 as an animal model to determine the effects of chronic electrostimulation on the micturition reflex.

title: An animal model for the neuromodulation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder areflexia', 'bladder hyper-reflexia']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['neurogenic bladder dysfunction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity129 may arise due to @entity130 , @entity281 or errors in development. Restoration of such defects is important for esthetics, function and morale of the @entity1 . Several materials are available. Each has its advantages and disadvantages. Search is on for an ideal material. Autogenous grafts remain the gold standard in reconstruction of such defects. However, the morbidity associated with their harvest, additional time required, the need for a second surgical site and the limited supply has led to the search for newer substitutes. Although many materials are available today including biologic and non biologic substitutes, there is still no consensus about the best material. In this article we describe our use of @entity78 cements for reconstruction of hemispherical @entity129 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cases requiring reconstruction of hemispherical @entity129 (more than 15  cm in any dimension) were selected for study. After exposing the defect under GA, @entity702 mesh was adapted to the defect for support. Then the @entity78 cement was prepared and injected on the mesh to establish good contour. The alloplastic insert in each @entity1 was evaluated for: (a) Immediate post-operative complications (b) Restoration of contour and soft tissue support (c) New bone formation ascertained on HRCT at the end of 2  years. @entity1 were examined on postoperative first week, at 3 and at 6  months. High resolution computed tomography scans were taken at 2  years postop. There were two female and three male @entity1 . RESULTS: There were no complications in the post operative period. The general condition of the @entity1 improved post operatively. Even though the cements maintained their contour at 2  years, there were no signs of bone formation within the cement. CONCLUSION: @entity78 cement is a good bone substitute for use in cranioplasty. In defects requiring mechanical strength, it should be supported by a @entity702 mesh. It retains the contour but is not replaced by bone even after 2  years.

title: Cranioplasty of Hemispherical Defects Using XXXX Cements Along with @entity702 Mesh: Our Experience.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['Cranial defects', 'cranial defects']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate', 'Calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection, surgical ablation']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity78 :: (MESH:C020243,Chemical) :: ['Calcium Phosphate']


abstract: @entity1550 ; @entity1550 ), a protease originally identified in @entity0 , is characterized by a potent degrading activity against a wide spectrum of extracellular matrix proteins. The aims of this study were to localize and identify the @entity1550 -expressing cells in invasive @entity1 @entity0 and to evaluate the role of @entity1550 in transition to @entity3 by studying @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ). We found expression of @entity1550 in stromal fibroblast-like cells in all 21 invasive @entity513 studied and in 4 of 9 invasive @entity1137 . In most @entity189 , expression of @entity1550 was limited to small stromal foci in the @entity5 area. Combined in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry showed coexpression of alpha-smooth muscle actin immunoreactivity and @entity1550 mRNA in myofibroblasts. In contrast, cytokeratin-positive @entity5 cells, alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive vascular smooth muscle cells, @entity469 -positive macrophages, and @entity2279 -positive endothelial cells were all @entity1550 mRNA negative. In situ hybridization for @entity1550 in 17 @entity3821 revealed expression in 10 cases. Immunohistochemical analysis of all @entity3821 cases identified microinvasion in 8 of the 17 lesions. Seven of the eight lesions with microinvasion were @entity1550 positive. Further analysis showed that @entity1550 expression was often associated with the microinvasive events. This particular expression pattern was unique for @entity1550 among other MMPs analyzed, including @entity70504 . We conclude that @entity1550 is primarily expressed by myofibroblasts in @entity1 @entity0 and that expression in @entity3821 often is associated with microinvasive events. On the basis of these data, we propose that @entity1550 may play an essential role during transition of @entity3821 to invasive @entity513 .

title: Collagenase-3 expression in breast myofibroblasts as a molecular marker of transition of @entity3821 lesions to invasive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['lobular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['DCIS lesions', 'ductal carcinoma in situ', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1550 :: ('4322', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-13', 'Collagenase-3 (matrix metalloproteinase 13']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive lesions']

answer: @entity513 :: (MESH:D044584,Disease) :: ['ductal carcinomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of @entity572 ( @entity572 ) with impacted autologous bone grafting and a cementless cup in the treatment of @entity309 ( @entity309 ) with protrusio acetabuli. METHODS: Between January 2001 and April 2009, 18 cases (20 hips) of @entity309 with protrusio acetabuli were treated, including 6 males and 12 females with an average age of 46 years (range, 36-62 years). The disease duration was 3-10 years (mean, 6 years). Preoperative Harris score was 40.25    6.68. The protrusio acetabuli was (5.70    4.26) mm. According to Sotelo-Garza and Charnley classification criterion, there were 12 hips of type 1 (protrusio acetabuli 1-5 mm), 5 hips of type 2 (6-15 mm), and 3 hips of type 3 (>15 mm). All @entity1 received @entity572 with impacting bone graft and cementless prosthesis for recovery of acetabular center of rotation. RESULTS: The average operation time was 74 minutes (range, 48-126 minutes); the average @entity190 was 350 mL (range, 150-650 mL). @entity1150 of @entity1746 and poor healing of incision occurred in 3 and 2 cases respectively. Other @entity1 achieved primary healing of incisions. The mean time of follow-up was 108 months (range, 60-156 months). According to X-ray films, bone grafting fusion was observed within 6 months after operation. At last follow-up, the Harris score was 87.20    4.21, showing significant difference when compared with preoperative score (t = -27.68, P = 0.00); the protrusio acetabuli was (-1.11    0.45) mm, showing significant difference when compared with preoperative value (t = 5.66, P = 0.00). No loosening of acetabular components was found. CONCLUSION: For @entity309 @entity1 with protrusio acetabuli, @entity572 with impacted autologous bone grafting and a cementless cup has satisfactory medium-term effectiveness.

title: [CEMENTLESS TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY AND IMPACTED BONE GRAFTING FOR PROTRUSIO ACETABULI IN XXXX WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS].

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['lower extremity']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['Deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['THA', 'total hip arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['PATIENTS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2903 -( @entity2904 )-based chemoradiotherapy defines the current gold standard for the treatment of newly diagnosed @entity463 . Data regarding the influence of @entity2904 dose density during chemoradiotherapy are currently not available. We retrospectively compared outcomes in @entity1 receiving no @entity2904 , @entity2904 during radiotherapy on radiotherapy days only, and @entity2904 constantly 7  days a  week. @entity1 AND METHODS: From 2002-2012, a  total of 432 @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity463 received radiotherapy in our department: 118  @entity1 had radiotherapy alone, 210 had chemoradiotherapy with @entity2904 (75   mg/m(2)) daily (7/7), and 104 with @entity2904 only on radiotherapy days (5/7). Radiotherapy was applied to a  total dose of 60   Gy. RESULTS: Median survival after radiotherapy alone was 9.1  months, compared to 12.6  months with 5/7- @entity2904 and to 15.7  months with 7/7- @entity2904 . The 1  -year survival rates were 33, 52, and 64%, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a  significant improvement of @entity2904 -7/7 vs. 5/7 (p  = 0.01 by the log-rank test), while 5/7- @entity2904 was still superior to no @entity2904 at all (p  = 0.02). Multivariate Cox regression showed a  significant influence of @entity2904 regimen (p  = 0.009) on hazard rate (+58% between groups) even in the presence of confounding factors age, sex, resection status, and radiotherapy dose concept. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm the findings of the EORTC/NCIC trial. It seems that also a  reduced @entity2904 scheme can at first prolong the survival of @entity463 @entity1 , but not as much as the daily administration.

title: XXXX during radiotherapy of @entity463 multiforme : Daily administration improves survival.

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['Temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity2903 :: (MESH:C047246,Chemical) :: ['Temozolomide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The detection of BRAFV600 mutations in @entity1 with @entity320 is important because of the availability of @entity817 inhibitor therapy. However, the clinical relevance of the frequency of BRAFV600 mutant alleles is unclear. @entity1 AND METHODS: Allele frequencies of BRAFV600 mutations were analyzed by ultra-deep next generation sequencing in @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded @entity320 tissue (75 primary @entity320 and 88 matched @entity3 ). In a second study, pretreatment specimens from 76 @entity1 who received @entity817 inhibitors were retrospectively analyzed, and BRAFV600 allele frequencies were correlated with therapeutic results. RESULTS: Thirty-five @entity1 had concordantly @entity817 -positive and 36 (48%) @entity1 had concordantly @entity817 -negative primary @entity320 and matched @entity3 , and four @entity1 had discordant samples with low allele frequencies (3.4-5.2%). Twenty-six of 35 @entity1 with concordant samples had BRAFV600E mutations, three of whom had additional mutations ( @entity16232 in two @entity1 and @entity17330 in one) and nine @entity1 had exclusively non- @entity8554 mutations ( @entity16232 in eight @entity1 and @entity8554 - @entity69942 - in one @entity1 ). The frequency of mutated BRAFV600 alleles was similar in the primary @entity320 and matched metastasis in 27/35 @entity1 , but differed by >3-fold in 8/35 of samples. BRAFV600E allele frequencies in @entity5 specimens were not significantly correlated with treatment outcomes in 76 @entity1 with @entity320 who were treated with @entity817 inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS: BRAFV600 mutation status and allele frequency is consistent in the majority of primary @entity320 and matched @entity3 . A small subgroup of @entity1 has double mutations. BRAFV600 allele frequencies are not correlated with the response to @entity817 inhibitors.

title: Allele frequencies of BRAFV600 mutations in primary XXXX and matched @entity3 and their relevance for @entity817 inhibitor therapy in @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pretreatment tumor']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas', 'metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between intraoperative @entity3488 infusion and postoperative cardiac enzymes. DESIGN: A prospective, double-blind, randomized, controlled study. SETTING: A single tertiary cardiac center. @entity1 : One hundred consecutive @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery with or without cardiopulmonary bypass. INTERVENTIONS: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board, and @entity1 provided informed consent to participate. @entity1 were randomized by computer into 2 equal groups: @entity3488 or control. The blinded study included @entity3488 administered at a dose of 1.8 U/h or 1.8 mL/h of normal saline, along with @entity2661 . The drug was administered continually during surgery while @entity1 needed @entity2661 . The intervention was discontinued upon admission to the intensive care unit when information regarding the true character of the drug was reported to the doctor in charge of @entity1 in the intensive care unit by one of the investigators. Primary outcomes were CK-MB and troponin T levels measured at 0, 6, and 12 hours postoperatively. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of the 100 @entity1 , 8 were excluded; the remaining 92 were randomized to either the @entity3488 (n = 47) or control (n = 45) group. There were no significant differences in demographic data between the groups. Postoperatively at 0, 6, and 12 hours, there were no differences in CK-MB (U/l) (37.5    57.9 v 32.0    21.5, 29.4    41.1 v 24.4    23.1, and 21.4    21.3 v. 21.8    32.4, respectively) and troponin T (752.4    638.2 v 762.7    557.1, 753.8    507.3 v 777.6    515.0, and 774.6    572.6 v 698.7    540.2, respectively) values. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3488 infusion has been used to treat @entity2922 -unresponsive shock. In this study, intraoperative @entity3488 was used safely as a possible first-line drug for treating @entity551 ; however, it did not increase the levels of cardiac enzymes after cardiac surgery.

title: XXXX Does Not Raise Cardiac Enzymes Following Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity3488 :: ('551', 'Gene') :: ['vasopressin', 'Vasopressin']

answer: @entity3488 :: (551,Gene) :: ['Vasopressin']


abstract: AIM: To determine the frequency, subtype, complications, treatment and visual prognosis of @entity1596 in @entity1 with @entity15 ( @entity15 ). METHODS: A total of 1702 @entity15 @entity1 ' medical records were reviewed for a history of @entity1596 both with a neurologist and an ophthalmologist. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 (0.52%) with @entity1596 were detected. Eight of them were female, one was male. The mean age was 42.0  14.1y (range 22-66). Seven @entity1 were relapsing remitting @entity15 , two were secondary progressive @entity15 . The mean duration of @entity15 was 10.8  10.3y, and the mean duration of @entity1596 10.3  9.9y. The onset of @entity1596 preceded that of @entity15 (four @entity1 ) by a mean of 5.0  4.3y (range 1-11). @entity15 diagnosed prior to the onset of @entity1596 (five @entity1 ) by an interval of 0.75-16y (mean 4.95  6.24y). There were 16 affected eyes of nine @entity1 . The most common types of @entity1596 were @entity5863 and intermediate @entity1596 . @entity1596 was bilateral in most @entity1 . The most common complications were @entity231 and @entity726 , and @entity1 with such complications were surgically treated. The range of visual acuity of affected eyes was 20/800 to 20/22, with only six of 16 affected eyes better than 20/40. After treatment, the visual acuity of the affected eyes was better than 20/40 in 11 of 16 eyes. CONCLUSION: @entity1596 should be considered when assessing an @entity15 @entity1 with @entity227 , as surgical interventions other than medical treatments may be needed to improve visual function. Complications could be seen more often when posterior segment is involved.

title: XXXX associated with @entity15 : complications and visual prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity5863 :: ('MESH:D015864', 'Disease') :: ['panuveitis']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1596 :: ('MESH:D014605', 'Disease') :: ['Uveitis', 'uveitis']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['Uveitis']


abstract: The preservatives @entity70039 (IMID, Germall 115) and @entity36696 (DU, Germall II) are commonly used in cosmetic products and are well-known sensitizers. The aim of the present study was to establish the optimal patch test concentration in hydrophilic dried-in vehicle (TRUE Test) for IMID and DU. 181 @entity1 were included in the study. Of these, 150 were @entity1 referred for patch testing, 12 were @entity1 with known @entity566 to IMID and 19 were @entity1 with known @entity566 to DU. 76 consecutive @entity1 and the 12 IMID- @entity56 @entity1 were patch tested with a dilution series IMID (0 to 600 microg/cm(2)), @entity406 (180 microg/cm(2)) and DU (200 microg/cm(2)). 74 consecutive @entity1 and the 19 DU- @entity56 @entity1 were patch tested with a dilution series of DU (0 to 600 microg/cm(2)), @entity406 (180 microg/cm) and IMID (200 microg/cm(2)). A positive dose-response relationship was found. The number of doubtful reactions decreased with increasing test concentrations. No late reactions were observed. A patch test concentration in hydrophilic dried-in vehicle (TRUE Test) of 600 microg/cm(2) was found to be adequate and safe for both IMID and DU.

title: Standardization of the TRUE Test @entity70039 and XXXX patches.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity36696 :: ('MESH:C044982', 'Chemical') :: ['diazolidinyl urea']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity70039 :: ('MESH:C006048', 'Chemical') :: ['imidazolidinyl urea']

answer: @entity36696 :: (MESH:C044982,Chemical) :: ['diazolidinyl urea']


abstract: Humin is a major fraction of soil organic matter and strongly affects the sorption behavior and fate of organic contaminants in soils and sediments. This study evaluated four different extraction methods for soil humins in terms of their organic @entity505 structural changes and the consequent effects on @entity11966 sorption. Solid-state @entity7352 NMR demonstrated that 0.1 M @entity6674 exhaustively extracted humin and humin extracted with 6 M HF/ @entity5828 at 60 degrees C had a relatively high amount of aliphatic components as compared with 1 M HF-extracted humin. The treatment of 6 M HF/ @entity5828 at 60 degrees C greatly reduced @entity1735 components (50-108 ppm) from humin samples, i.e., more than 50% reduction. In addition, the humin from this 6 M HF/ @entity5828 treatment contained relatively more amorphous @entity10256 domains than the humins extracted by other methods. With the respect to @entity11966 sorption, the linearity of sorption isotherm (N) and sorption affinity (Koc) varied markedly among the humin samples extracted by different methods. The @entity6674 exhaustively extracted humin had the most nonlinear sorption isotherm and the HF-extracted humin had the lowest Koc. It is concluded that humin samples from different extraction procedures exhibited substantial differences in their organic @entity505 structure and sorption characteristics, even though they were from the same soil. Therefore, one needs to be cautious when comparing the structural and sorption features of soil humins, especially when they are extracted differently. The 6 M @entity5828 /HF extraction at elevated temperature is not encouraged, due to the modifications of chemical structure and physical conformation of organic matter.

title: Chemical extractions affect the structure and XXXX sorption of soil humin.

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity10256 :: ('CHEBI:53551', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(methylene)']

entities_list: @entity11966 :: ('MESH:C031181', 'Chemical') :: ['phenanthrene']

answer: @entity11966 :: (MESH:C031181,Chemical) :: ['phenanthrene']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Many insects rely on chemical signals to transmit precise information on the location, identity, and quality of potential @entity16175 . Chemical signals are often broadcasted at sites with physical properties that maximize signal propagation and signal transmision. Male neotropical orchid @entity5157 (Euglossini) @entity16918 and display on vertical branches and tree trunks in the forest to expose volatile blends (perfumes) that they previously collected from their environment. Previous studies have shown that the chemical composition of perfume blends is highly differentiated even between closely related species. However, variation in behavioral components of perfume exposure and male display remain poorly understood. We conducted a four-year study on orchid @entity5157 display sites (8 species) in pacific Costa Rica, using field observations along with chemical analysis and cage experiments to assess display niche partitioning among sympatric species. We evaluated the influence of physical factors (terrain, wind, light) on the distribution of @entity16918 sites and on @entity146 , and tested a prediction of the sex @entity5681 -analogue hypothesis, i.e. that displaying males have above-average quantities or qualities of acquired perfumes. Males of different species displayed in the same general area and sometimes in close proximity to each other, but partitioned the display niche by selecting different @entity16918 diameters, display heights, and by displaying at different times of the day. Most @entity16918 sites were located inside the forest on elevated ground, especially along ridges, where stronger winds may help disperse perfume signals. Furthermore, the angular position of displaying males on perches was narrowly determined by wind direction, with males being positioned on the downwind side of the @entity16918 , where they would be most conspicuous to conspecifics approaching on an odour trail. Although our results generally support the hypothesis that perfumes serve as @entity5681 analogues, we did not find differences in the perfume composition of males caught at display perches and males captured at chemical baits. This suggests that, while chemical communication is an integral part of orchid @entity5157 display, male display activity is not determined by the history of, and success in, volatile acquisition. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Blown by the wind: The ecology of male courtship @entity146 in orchid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['display behavior']

entities_list: @entity5681 :: ('CHEBI:26013', 'Chemical') :: ['pheromone']

answer: @entity5157 :: (7460,Species) :: ['bees']


abstract: Leukocytes are critical effectors of @entity32 and @entity5 biology. Chemokine-like factors produced by such inflammatory sites are key mediators of @entity5 growth that activate leukocytic recruitment and @entity5 infiltration and suppress immune surveillance. Here we report that the endocrine peptide hormone, relaxin, is a regulator of leukocyte biology with properties important in recruitment to sites of @entity32 . This study uses the @entity1 monocytic cell line @entity1357 and normal @entity1 peripheral blood mononuclear cells to define a novel role for relaxin in regulation of leukocyte adhesion and migration. Our studies indicate that relaxin promotes adenylate cyclase activation, substrate adhesion, and migratory capacity of mononuclear leukocytes through a relaxin receptor @entity39210 -dependent mechanism. Relaxin-stimulated @entity268 accumulation was observed to occur primarily in non-adherent cells. Relaxin stimulation results in increased substrate adhesion and increased migratory activity of leukocytes. In addition, relaxin-stimulated substrate adhesion resulted in enhanced chemotaxis to @entity2842 . These responses in @entity1357 and peripheral blood mononuclear cells are relaxin dose-dependent and proportional to @entity268 accumulation. We further demonstrate that @entity39210 is critical for mediating these biological responses by use of RNA interference lentiviral short hairpin constructs. In summary, we provide evidence that relaxin is a novel leukocyte stimulatory agent with properties affecting adhesion and chemomigration.

title: Relaxin stimulates leukocyte adhesion and migration through a relaxin receptor XXXX -dependent mechanism.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']

answer: @entity39210 :: (59350,Gene) :: ['LGR7']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the therapeutic effects of long-term @entity3753 therapy in intraabdominal @entity8434 . METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 with a total of 45 cysts were treated with @entity3753 with dosage regimen of 20 mg.kg-1.d-1 for an average of 2.5 years. Repeated CT and ultrasound scannings (US) were performed after the end of therapy. The duration of follow-up was 3.6 years on average. The number, size and morphology of cysts were compared before and after treatment. RESULTS: The hydatid cysts were classified according to location and CT patterns into hepatic simple cysts, @entity99 with @entity45 , @entity99 and @entity45 . The hepatic simple cysts responded most favorably to @entity3753 therapy, with an overall cure rate of 88.7%. The disappearance of cysts was observed in 43.0% of cases (15/35). Sixteen cysts (45.7%) became solidified or calcified, among which 8 cysts were completely calcified, 6 showed egg shell-like calcification of the cystic walls, and 2 showed solidification and calcification of cyst contents. Four @entity1 had large @entity99 containing @entity45 ; the @entity45 all disappeared after treatment, but one @entity1 relapsed with the reappearance of @entity45 at 4-year follow-up. Two @entity45 also calcified. Two @entity1 had peritoneal cysts; one calcified and the other one reduced in size. Among 15 @entity1 treated, 9 were cured and 6 were improved. There was no serious toxic reactions with continuous long-term therapy in a small series of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Continuous long-term @entity3753 treatment of intraabdominal @entity8434 is safe and effective in the treatment of hepatic simple cysts, and some @entity45 , peritoneal secondary cysts and @entity45 . No serious toxic reactions were found.

title: Continuous long-term @entity3753 therapy in intraabdominal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3753 :: ('MESH:D015766', 'Chemical') :: ['albendazole']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8434 :: ('MESH:D004443', 'Disease') :: ['cystic echinococcosis']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['splenic cysts', 'daughter cysts']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic cysts', 'hepatic/abdominal cysts']

answer: @entity8434 :: (MESH:D004443,Disease) :: ['cystic echinococcosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence and management of @entity2316 in a @entity6 clinic. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Characteristics of @entity8518 identified by existing screening practice (phase I, @entity633 >20 mg/l in three separate urine samples), were compared with those identified by a nurse-led management program (phase II, in which screening for @entity8 was based on albumin-to- @entity1011 ratio in a single random urine specimen). RESULTS: In phase I, 644 @entity1 attended a @entity6 clinic over a 6-month period. Microalbuminuria results were available for 485 @entity1 (75%). A total of 115 @entity1 were identified as @entity8518 (prevalence 17.8%). Of these @entity1 , 91% had type 2 @entity6 . During phase II, prospective analysis of urinary albumin-to- @entity1011 ratio was carried out in 880 @entity1 over 8 months. A total of 174 @entity1 were identified as @entity8518 (prevalence 20%). Of these, 134 @entity1 had been identified by existing screening protocols. Forty had no previous record of microalbuminuria and were therefore newly identified by prospective screening. Systolic blood pressure guidelines were met in only 31% of all known @entity8518 and 26.5% of newly diagnosed @entity8518 . Diastolic blood pressure guidelines were met in 36% of all known and 38% of newly diagnosed @entity8518 . In the @entity1 group of known @entity8518 from phases I and II, 62% were prescribed ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin II receptor (AIIR) antagonists. In the newly identified @entity8 @entity1 cohort from phase II, 48% used ACEIs or AIIR antagonists. CONCLUSIONS: Introduction of a nurse-led management program significantly improved detection of @entity8 . We are currently evaluating its impact on clinical management.

title: Identification and management of XXXX in the @entity6 clinic.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity8518 :: ('MESH:D003554', 'Disease') :: ['nephropaths']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']


abstract: This study developed mathematical models in order to evaluate the effect of A w (Water activity) and growth temperature on @entity794 kinetic behaviour. The A w levels (0  970, 0  975, 0  983, and 0  991) of cheese were adjusted by @entity1219 ; then, Staph. aureus was inoculated on the cheese, followed by storage at 7-30    C for 72-720  h. Total bacterial and Staph. aureus cell counts were enumerated on tryptic soy agar and @entity2656 salt agar, respectively. The Baranyi model was fitted to the Staph. aureus growth data in order to calculate the maximum specific growth rate ( max; log CFU/g/h), lag phase duration (  ; h), lower asymptote (N 0; log CFU/g) and upper asymptote (N max; log CFU/g). The effects of storage temperature and A w on the kinetic parameters ( max and   ) were then further analysed with the Ratkowsky-type model and a polynomial equation, respectively. The @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ) and relative error (RE) were calculated in order to estimate the model performance. No significant effect of A w on Staph. aureus growth was observed at 7    C; thus, the Baranyi model was fitted to the growth data from 15, 25 and 30    C. The  max values (0  011-0  303 log CFU/g/h) increased (P<0  05) as the storage temperature and A w increased. In addition,    values (2  42-63  48  h) decreased (P<0  05) as storage temperature and A w increased; yet, the effect of A w on    was observed only at 15    C. The theoretical minimum storage temperature and A w were 10  15    C and 0  882, respectively. @entity2246 (0  010-1  544) and RE values (-0  131 to 0  187) from validation indicated that model performance was appropriate. Hence, these results suggest that the developed models in this study should be useful in describing the effect of temperature and A w on the growth kinetic behaviour of Staph. aureus in cheese along with the exposure assessment of Staph. aureus in cheese as well.

title: Kinetic behaviour of XXXX on cheese as a function of water activity and temperature.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['RMSE', 'root mean square error']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Some of the recently observed functional features characteristic of immunocompetent cells residing in the @entity1 intestinal lamina propria could be mediated by @entity688 ( @entity688 ). To investigate the role of @entity688 in the @entity1 intestinal mucosa, the regulation of @entity688 production by @entity1619 ( @entity1619 ) was determined and compared with that of @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ). METHODS: Following activation by using different stimuli, @entity688 release by @entity1619 and @entity1503 into the supernatant was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In parallel, cell growth was determined by @entity665 incorporation. RESULTS: Neither @entity1619 nor @entity1503 release @entity688 constitutively. Triggering through @entity3138 or the T cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 complex in the presence of autologous monocytes induces significantly greater @entity688 secretion by @entity1619 than by @entity1503 . Engagement of the @entity1195 receptor enhances @entity688 release and proliferation of @entity3138 triggered CD45RO+ @entity1503 . In contrast, it reduces @entity3138 induced @entity688 production by @entity1619 without altering cell growth significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Activated @entity1619 release relatively high amounts of @entity688 . Enhanced @entity688 production by activated @entity1619 , in comparison with activated @entity1503 , is not only related to the presence of a higher proportion of CD45RO+ T cells in the intestinal lamina propria, but is also caused by increased sensitivity of @entity1619 to @entity3138 co-stimulation. The differential responsiveness of @entity1619 , compared with @entity1503 , to @entity1195 engagement demonstrates that @entity1195 could be involved in the altered @entity3138 reactivity of @entity1619 .

title: T cells of the @entity1 intestinal lamina propria are high producers of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['LPL-T', 'lamina propria T lymphocytes']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]-thymidine']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral blood T lymphocytes', 'PBL-T']

answer: @entity688 :: (3586,Gene) :: ['interleukin-10']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of vitrification, rapid freezing, and slow freezing in preserving testicular tissue for subsequent isolation of spermatogonial stem cells. DESIGN: Experimental study. SETTING: University-based laboratory. ANIMALS: Immature @entity19 testicular tissue. INTERVENTION(S): The tunica of the testis was manipulated before cryopreservation. The tunica was either breached with a fine needle or completely removed, or the testis was sectioned longitudinally into halves. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Cell viability by @entity3460 exclusion test and flow cytometry analysis of live-dead cytotoxicity test, measurement of hormonal production, enrichment of spermatogonial stem cells with use of magnetic-activated cell sorting technology. RESULT(S): Samples with tunica minimally penetrated with a needle point gave the highest cell viability after freezing and thawing. Vitrification protocol with use of an @entity10977 - @entity969 -based vitrification solution (40% vol/vol @entity10977 -0.6 mol/L @entity969 ) was able to maintain postwarming cell viability and functions similar to those of noncryopreserved controls and significantly better than both conventional slow and rapid freezing protocols. Primitive spermatogonial stem cells were enriched successfully from vitrified tissue via magnetic-activated cell sorting. CONCLUSION(S): Vitrification of testicular tissue is a time- and cost-efficient strategy to preserve spermatogonial stem cells for potential transplantation procedure.

title: Cryopreservation of XXXX testicular tissue: prospect for harvesting spermatogonial stem cells for fertility preservation.

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['Trypan blue']

entities_list: @entity10977 :: ('MESH:D019855', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene glycol']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity356 ( @entity356 ) demonstrated similar results to traditional Roux-en-Y procedures. A possible concern is how to manage a chronic @entity9098 when medical therapy results ineffective. Revision of the gastro-jejunal @entity254 , obtaining a Roux-en-Y reconstruction, has already been proposed, but technical details have not been elucidated yet. This video shows how to revise a 200-cm @entity356 to treat chronic @entity9098 , by converting the procedure to Roux-en-Y, having a short gastric pouch and a long efferent limb. METHODS: A 51-year-old @entity1 complained of recurrent heartburns 2  months after @entity356 . A gastroscopy witnessed the presence of a 6-cm long gastric pouch with @entity5042 and @entity9098 in esophagus. Specific medications were ineffective. He underwent a revisional laparoscopic procedure. The efferent limb was measured and consisted of 650  cm. The afferent limb was then divided next to the previous gastro-jejunal @entity254 and a jejuno-jejunal @entity254 was performed distally at 70  cm on the alimentary limb. RESULTS: Total operative time was 50  min. The postoperative stay was uneventful and the @entity1 was discharged in postoperative day four. At 6  months follow-up he is still free of medications without symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The ideal scenario for the presented technique is the finding of a long efferent limb, in order to fashion a Roux-en-Y limb without the risk of @entity86 . To reach this goal, we suggest the measurement of the whole small bowel intra-operatively, in order to assess the length of the common channel left in place.

title: Laparoscopic Conversion of One XXXX Gastric Bypass to Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass for @entity9098 .

entities_list: @entity5042 :: ('MESH:D019449', 'Disease') :: ['pouchitis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity9098 :: ('MESH:D001655', 'Disease') :: ['bile reflux']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative malabsorption']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['OAGB', 'One anastomosis gastric bypass']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['Anastomosis']


abstract: Telomerase is an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase that synthesizes TTAGGG telomeric DNA onto chromosome ends to compensate for sequence loss during DNA replication. It has been detected in 85-90% of all primary @entity1 @entity5 , implicating that the telomerase seems to be reactivated in @entity5 and that such activity may play a role in the tumorigenic process. The purpose of this study was to evaluate telomerase activity, @entity1 telomerase RNA ( @entity7066 ), and @entity2215 ( @entity2215 ) in @entity5 and to determine their potential relationships to clinicopathologic parameters. Frozen and corresponding @entity48909 -fixed @entity982 -embedded tissue samples were obtained from 51 @entity1 with @entity356 and analyzed for telomerase activity by using a TRAPeze ELISA kit. Tissue sections of all the samples were further investigated for @entity7066 and @entity2215 by in situ hybridization and a sensitive immunohistochemical technique, respectively. Telomerase activity was detected in 37 (73%) @entity5 . Telomerase positivity from methacarn-fixed @entity982 blocks was found to be 35% of that from frozen tissues. @entity7066 was overexpressed in 46 (90%) samples: 33/37 (89%) with and 13/14 (93%) without telomerase activation. Expression of @entity2215 was demonstrated in 40 (78%) cases: 30/37 (81%) with and 10/14 (71%) without telomerase. Telomerase activity correlated well with depth of invasion (P =.037) and @entity5 differentiation (P =.022), whereas @entity7066 significantly correlated with nodal @entity3 (P=.047) and @entity5 size (P=.023). These data suggest that reactivated telomerase may play a significant role in the tumorigenesis of @entity356 and may reflect, along with enhanced @entity7066 , the malignant potential of the @entity5 . It is noteworthy that methacarn-fixed tissue cannot as yet substitute for the frozen section in the TRAP assay.

title: Expression of telomerase activity, XXXX telomerase RNA, and @entity2215 in @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity48909 :: ('MESH:C046544', 'Chemical') :: ['methacarn']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stomach cancer', 'cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2215 :: ('7015', 'Gene') :: ['TERT', 'telomerase reverse transcriptase']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Many @entity146 , like @entity161 , @entity1316 , addictions and different forms of @entity303 are associated with @entity25 . In the etiology and course of those diseases inflammatory processes are regarded to be an increasingly important factor. They are also a frequently discussed element of the pathology of sleep. In this literature review reports on correlations between poor sleep and inflammatory responses in various @entity146 conditions are discussed. The link between @entity161 , @entity1316 and inflammatory cytokines is a complex phenomenon, which has been already confirmed in a number of studies. However, the presence of @entity25 in those conditions, being a common symptom of @entity308 and @entity914 , can be an additional factor having a considerable impact on the immunological processes in mental illnesses. In the analyzed data, a number of studies are presented describing the role of inflammatory markers in @entity25 and psychopathological symptoms of affective, @entity716 , neurogenerative and other disorders. Also attention is drawn to possible implications for their treatment. Efforts to use, e.g., anti-inflammatory agents in psychiatry in the context of their impact on sleep are reported. The aspect of inflammatory markers in the @entity1949 as the treatment method in major @entity308 is also discussed. A general conclusion is drawn that the improvement of @entity25 plays a crucial role in the care for @entity146 @entity1 .

title: Sleep and inflammatory markers in different XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['role of sleep deprivation']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychoses']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep deficits', 'sleep quality', 'sleep disturbances']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric disorders']


abstract: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations have been implicated in a wide range of @entity1 disease. However, its role in @entity1469 remains unclear. In this study, the entire mitochondrial genome of 10 hydatidiform moles (HM) and one @entity1466 were examined by automated DNA sequencing after amplification by polymerase chain reaction. MtDNA sequences obtained separately from disease tissues (HM and @entity1466 ) and @entity1 ' tissues were compared. Of the 133 neutral sequence variants identified, 41 have not been reported to date. Large or small-scale deletion or insertion was not detected in any of the samples studied. A total of six (five in the D-loop and one in the 16S rRNA gene) somatic point mutations were detected in the @entity1466 sample, in contrast to none being detected in the HM samples. Somatic mtDNA instability was detected in the D-loop region in three cases of HM as well as in the @entity1466 sample. Somatic mtDNA instability appeared in the same nucleotide position, from 303 to 309, within the Conserved Sequence Block II resulting in alteration in length of the homopolymorphic C-tract, reflecting microsatellite instability. The results suggest that mtDNA instability may be an early event occurring at a premalignant stage. Occurrence of multiple somatic mtDNA mutations in @entity1466 suggests that mtDNA mutations might play an important role in the molecular pathogenesis of invasive @entity1469 .

title: Detection of mitochondrial DNA mutations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1469 :: ('MESH:D031901', 'Disease') :: ['gestational trophoblastic disease']

answer: @entity1469 :: (MESH:D031901,Disease) :: ['gestational trophoblastic disease']


abstract: While physical activity is an essential factor for muscle performance and development and also for the maintenance of bone mass in the loaded bones, apparently low intensity of physical activity of blind @entity1 may compromise the muscle performance and @entity79 ( @entity79 ). Therefore, the aim was to study whether there are differences in @entity79 of the weight-bearing or non-weight-bearing bones between @entity227 @entity1 and those with normal sight. Nineteen @entity227 premenopausal @entity1 and their matched pairs were recruited to the study. The mean age of the @entity227 @entity1 was 39.9 years (SD 8.1) and that of the @entity1 with normal vision 39.7 years (6.5). @entity79 of the distal radius, femoral neck and trochanter was measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and isometric muscle strength of the extremities and trunk with a dynamometer. Between-group differences were compared with paired Student's t-test. The @entity79 at the femur was 8% higher in favour of the group with normal sight, whereas radial @entity79 was similar in the two groups. The t-score was -1.0 (95% confidence interval -1.5 to -0.5) for the femoral neck @entity79 and -0.7 (-1.1 to -0.2) for the trochanter @entity79 in the group with @entity227 . The respective t-scores for the group with normal sight were -0.3 (-0.9 to 0.3) for the femoral neck and 0 (-0.7 to 0.7) for the trochanter. @entity227 seems to be a risk for lower @entity79 of the weight-bearing proximal femur, but not for lower @entity79 of the non-weight-bearing distal radius.

title: Bone mineral density of XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual handicap', 'impaired vision', 'visually handicapped']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visually handicapped']


abstract: [Purpose] To investigate the effects of combined aerobic and resistance training on glycolipid metabolism and @entity32 levels in @entity6 @entity1 . [Subjects and Methods] Forty-two @entity6 @entity1 were randomized to the conventional therapy group (n = 20) or intensive therapy group (n = 22). The control group contained 20 healthy @entity1 . The conventional therapy group received routine drug therapy and diet control, while the intensive therapy group additionally underwent combined aerobic and resistance training for 12 weeks. The oral glucose tolerance test and cardiopulmonary exercise testing were performed. @entity2939 and NF-kBp65 protein and mRNA expressions were determined by qPCR and western blotting. ELISA was used to determine the expression levels of @entity8923 , @entity6889 , pentraxin-related protein 3, and @entity1 @entity9086 . [Results] After exercise training, the intensive therapy group had significantly lower postprandial blood glucose, postprandial insulin, and glycated hemoglobin level and insulin resistance index than the conventional therapy group. The intensive therapy group had significantly lower @entity2939 and NF-kBp65 protein and mRNA expressions, and serum @entity8923 levels but significantly higher serum @entity6889 levels. [Conclusion] Combined aerobic and resistance training can improve glycolipid metabolism and reduce low-grade @entity32 in @entity1 with @entity6 @entity1 .

title: Effects of combined aerobic and resistance training on the glycolipid metabolism and XXXX levels in @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity9086 :: ('1116', 'Gene') :: ['cartilage glycoprotein 39']

entities_list: @entity2939 :: ('7099', 'Gene') :: ['toll-like receptor 4', 'Toll-like receptor 4']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: Background   @entity9718 is a neurodegenerative phenotype characterized by a progressive loss of corticospinal motor tract function. In a majority of affected individuals the pathogenesis remains undetermined. Methods   We identified a series of @entity1 with a phenotype of nonsyndromic @entity451 in whom no diagnosis had been reached before exome sequencing. We measured the expression of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) in peripheral blood from these @entity1 . Results   Five @entity1 from four families with previously unexplained @entity451 were identified with mutations in either @entity39861 (one @entity1 ), @entity10465 (one @entity1 ), or @entity56597 (three @entity1 from two families). All @entity1 were developmentally normal before the onset of features beginning in the second year of life. All @entity1 remain of normal intellect. Four @entity1 demonstrated normal neuroimaging, while a single @entity1 had features of nonspecific @entity17 . The @entity1 with @entity39861 and @entity10465 -related disease showed a robust interferon signature. The @entity1 with mutations in @entity56597 demonstrated no (two @entity1 ) or a minimal (one @entity1 ) upregulation of ISGs compared with controls. Conclusions   Mutations in @entity39861 , @entity10465 , and @entity56597 can cause a phenotype of @entity451 with normal neuroimaging, or in association with nonspecific @entity17 . Although the presence of an interferon signature can be helpful in interpreting the significance of gene variants in this context, @entity1 with pathogenic mutations in @entity56597 may demonstrate no upregulation of ISGs in peripheral blood. However, it remains possible that type I interferons act as a neurotoxin in the context of all genotypes.

title: Mutations in @entity39861 , XXXX , and @entity56597 Presenting As @entity451 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9718 :: ('MESH:D015419', 'Disease') :: ['Hereditary spastic paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['dysmyelination']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['spastic paraplegia']

answer: @entity10465 :: (64135,Gene) :: ['IFIH1']


abstract: A large number of elderly @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) are not offered treatments with curative intent, such as allogeneic @entity8 ( @entity8 ), because of fears of @entity137 and perceived futility of intensive treatment. Therefore, the outcomes of @entity8 in elderly @entity3052 @entity1 remain poorly defined. We performed a meta-analysis of all previous articles up until September 22, 2015 of @entity8 in @entity3052 @entity1 >60 years. The primary endpoints were @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) at 6 months and at 1, 2, and 3 years. A total of 13 studies (749 @entity1 ) were included. The pooled estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for @entity4557 at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years were 62% (95% CI, 54% to 69%), 47% (95% CI, 42% to 53%), 44% (95% CI, 33% to 55%), and 35% (95% CI, 26% to 45%), respectively. The corresponding numbers for @entity1349 were 73% (95% CI, 66% to 79%), 58% (95% CI, 50% to 65%), 45% (95% CI, 35% to 54%), and 38% (95% CI, 29% to 48%), respectively. We found no evidence of publication bias in our primary endpoints, with the exception of relapse, where there appeared to be a relative lack of small studies with high relapse rates. Sensitivity analysis did not identify an overtly influential study for our primary endpoints, with 1 exception in 2-year @entity4557 analysis. The present analysis argues against significant publication bias and demonstrates consistency among reports despite differences in @entity1 -, disease-, center-, and transplantation-related characteristics. Our results suggest that reduced-intensity @entity8 is a viable treatment option for elderly @entity3052 @entity1 with a 3-year @entity4557 of 35% for those over the age of 60. These results argue against using age per se as the sole criterion against @entity8 and would help remove some of the barriers that often preclude curative intent treatment. Correct identification of @entity1 who would benefit from @entity8 can improve outcomes in this frequently undertreated population.

title: Outcomes of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Elderly XXXX with @entity3052 : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['SCT', 'stem cell transplantation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'relapse-free survival']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation and the @entity560 system are involved in immunosuppression in the skin. As previous in vitro and animal studies suggest a role for mast cells in these mechanisms, biopsies were collected from the non-lesional and lesional skin of @entity1 with @entity2517 ( @entity2517 ), @entity957 ( @entity957 ), @entity1491 ( @entity1491 ) and @entity1569 . The expression of @entity3875 metabolizing enzymes, @entity17283 and @entity3867 , in tryptase-positive mast cells was analysed using a sequential double-staining method. The results showed that the percentage of mast cells containing @entity17283 was significantly higher in lesional than non-lesional skin in all diseases, especially in @entity957 and @entity1491 . In addition, the percentage of mast cells containing @entity3867 was significantly increased in @entity1491 , @entity2517 , and @entity75 as well. Interestingly, only about 5-6% and 2% of the mast cells expressed @entity17283 and @entity3867 , respectively, in the non-lesional skin of psoriatic and @entity2517 @entity1 . In contrast, 23-38% and 6-9% of the mast cells were immunopositive for @entity17283 and @entity3867 , respectively, in the non-lesional skin of @entity1491 and @entity957 @entity1 . In @entity1 LAD2 mast cell cultures, about 30% and 15% of the mast cells showed @entity17283 and @entity3867 , respectively, though the immunostainings of these enzymes were not markedly affected by UVB irradiation. In conclusion, increased proportions of mast cells express @entity3875 metabolizing enzymes in the lesional skin. Therefore, mast cells may promote an immunosuppressive environment, e.g., in @entity1489 .

title: Mast cells express @entity17283 and XXXX in epithelial @entity1489 and @entity1569 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity2517 :: ('MESH:D055623', 'Disease') :: ['AK', 'actinic keratosis']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ["Bowen's disease/squamous cell carcinoma", 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinoma', 'BCC']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity3867 :: (1594,Gene) :: ['CYP27B1']


abstract: @entity717 about a single joint in @entity64 @entity1 may be related to deficits in the central regulation of stretch reflex (SR) thresholds of agonist and antagonist muscles. One boundary of the SR threshold range for elbow flexor and extensor muscles was measured in hemiparetic subjects by analysing electromyographic activity during stretching of relaxed muscles at seven different velocities. For each velocity, dynamic SR thresholds were measured as angles at which electromyographic activity appeared. These data were used to determine the sensitivity of the threshold to velocity and the static SR thresholds for flexors and extensors. In contrast to relaxed muscles in healthy subjects, static flexor and extensor thresholds lay within the physiological range in 11/12 and 4/12 subjects, respectively. This implies that, in the range between the static SR threshold and one of the physiological joint limits, relaxation of the muscle was impossible. Subjects then made slow movements against different loads to determine their ranges of active movement. Maximal flexor and extensor torques were lower in hemiparetic subjects throughout the angular range. In some subjects, ranges were found in which no active torque could be produced in either extensor or both muscle groups. These ranges were related to the boundary values of SR thresholds found during passive muscle stretch. The range in which reciprocally organized agonist and antagonist muscle activity could be generated was limited in all but one subject. When attempting to produce torque from positions outside their measured range of movement, excessive @entity121 occurred, typically producing no or paradoxical motion in the opposite direction. Results suggest a relationship between @entity508 measured at rest and the @entity717 in @entity64 by demonstrating a link between motor @entity51 in the central regulation of individual SR thresholds.

title: Deficits in the coordination of agonist and antagonist muscles in @entity64 XXXX : implications for normal motor control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['deficits and control deficits']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement deficit', 'Movement impairments']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle coactivation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the efficacy of endovascular embolization for @entity1 with endoscopically unmanageable acute nonvariceal @entity360 as well as the factors that may influence mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Retrospective study over a 4-year period including a historical cohort of 37 consecutive @entity1 (22 @entity1 ), with a mean age of 69.2 years (range, 22-93 years). In most cases (54%), the @entity548 stemmed from a gastrointestinal @entity1066 . Technical, primary clinical, and secondary clinical success rates, as well as complication rates, were calculated. Several clinical and angiographic parameters were compared to the early mortality rate using Kruskal-Wallis or Fisher tests. RESULTS: Technical, primary clinical, secondary clinical success rates, and complication rates were, respectively, 89.2%, 83.8%, 88.9%, and 10.8%. The early mortality rate was 32.4%. The APACHE II and @entity26972 II scores were strongly correlated with mortality (p=0.001 and p=0.003, respectively). CONCLUSION: Endovascular embolization in @entity1 with endoscopically unmanageable acute nonvariceal @entity360 is effective. However, the mortality rate remains high because of the changes in the clinical condition of these @entity1 .

title: [Transcatheter embolization for endoscopically unmanageable acute nonvariceal XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage']


abstract: Genetically modified (GM) plants offer an ideal model system to study the influence of single genes that confer constitutive resistance to pathogens on the ecological behaviour of plants. We used phytometers to study competitive interactions between GM lines of spring @entity3505 @entity3505 carrying such genes and control lines. We hypothesized that competitive performance of GM lines would be reduced due to enhanced transgene expression under pathogen levels typically encountered in the field. The transgenes pm3b from @entity3505 (resistance against powdery mildew Blumeria graminis) or @entity70535 and glucanase genes from @entity2247 (resistance against fungi in general) were introduced with the ubiquitin promoter from @entity2829 (pm3b and @entity70535 genes) or the actin promoter from @entity579 (glucanase gene). Phytometers of 15 transgenic and non-transgenic @entity3505 lines were transplanted as seedlings into plots sown with the same 15 lines as competitive environments and subject to two soil nutrient levels. Pm3b lines had reduced mildew incidence compared with control lines. @entity70535 and @entity70535 /glucanase lines showed the same high resistance to mildew as their control in low-nutrient treatment and slightly lower mildew rates than the control in high-nutrient environment. Pm3b lines were weaker competitors than control lines. This resulted in reduced yield and seed number. The Pm3b line with the highest transgene expression had 53.2% lower yield than the control whereas the Pm3b line which segregated in resistance and had higher mildew rates showed only minor costs under competition. The line expressing both @entity70535 and glucanase genes also showed reduced yield and seed number under competition compared with its control. Our results suggest that single transgenes conferring constitutive resistance to pathogens can have ecological costs and can weaken plant competitiveness even in the presence of the pathogen. The magnitude of these costs appears related to the degree of expression of the transgenes.

title: Competitive performance of transgenic XXXX resistant to powdery mildew.

entities_list: @entity3505 :: ('4565', 'Species') :: ['Triticum aestivum', 'wheat']

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']


abstract: Aims. @entity11434 is associated with adverse outcomes in several cardiac pathologies known to have increased apoptosis, including @entity583 ( @entity583 ). We investigated if @entity11434 has proapoptotic effects on @entity63 cardiomyocytes and if its silencing has therapeutic benefits in @entity583 . Methods and Results. The effect of @entity11434 on apoptosis during @entity63 was studied in cultured neonatal @entity19 myocytes transfected with agomir or antagomir. Differential gene expression was assessed using microarrays. @entity583 was induced in male C57BL/6 @entity19 randomly assigned to antagomir (n = 6) or control group (n = 7), while sham group (n = 7) had sham operation done. Antagomir group received @entity11434 antagomir, while control and sham group @entity19 received vehicle only. At 7 and 28 days, echocardiography was done and thereafter hearts were harvested for analysis of apoptosis by TUNEL method, @entity82 using Masson's trichrome, and @entity1184 using @entity1710 and @entity1711 . @entity11434 altered apoptosis genes expression and increased apoptosis in @entity63 cardiomyocytes. Therapeutic inhibition of @entity11434 decreased cardiac @entity82 , @entity1184 , and apoptosis and significantly improved cardiac function 28 days after @entity583 . Conclusion. @entity11434 alters apoptosis genes expression and promotes apoptosis in @entity63 cardiomyocytes, and its silencing attenuates apoptosis, @entity82 , and @entity1184 after @entity583 , with significant improvement in cardiac function.

title: MicroRNA-208a Dysregulates Apoptosis Genes Expression and Promotes Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis during XXXX and Its Silencing Improves Cardiac Function after @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['Ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of @entity5273 ( @entity5273 ) for extra-hepatic portal @entity432 (EHPVO) with recurrent @entity548 (RVB) in @entity1 . METHODS: From November 2005 to December 2013, 28 consecutive paediatric @entity1 with EHPVO treated with @entity5273 for RVB refractory to medical/endoscopic therapy and/or surgical treatment in a tertiary-care centre were followed until last clinical evaluation or @entity204 . The median follow-up time was 36.0 months (range 4.0-106.0 months). RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 and eleven @entity1 aged 7.1 to 17.9 years (median 12.3 years) weighing 19.0-62.0kg (median 33.5kg) were treated. @entity5273 was successfully placed in 17 of 28 (60.7%) of @entity1 via a transjugular approach alone (n=4), a combined transjugular/transhepatic approach (n=9), or a combined transjugular/transsplenic approach (n=4). @entity409 occurred in 6 of 17 (35.3%) @entity1 . The cumulative 1- and 3-year free-from-variceal-rebleeding rates in @entity5273 success group were higher than those in @entity5273 failure group (75.0% and 67.5% versus 45.5% and 18.2%, respectively, p=0.0075). Compared with the @entity5273 failure group, the improvements in the height-for-age z-scores were greater in the @entity5273 success group (p=0.017). Procedure-related complication occurred in one @entity1 (3.6%), and no episode of post- @entity5273 hepatic @entity75 occurred in any @entity1 . Except one @entity1 in the @entity5273 success group died at 115 post-operative days, all @entity1 were alive. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5273 is feasible and effective in @entity1 with EHPVO and RVB. @entity5273 could represent a less invasive alternative to traditional surgical portosystemic shunting or a valuable treatment option if surgery and endoscopic treatment failed.

title: Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt for Extra-Hepatic Portal XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['variceal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity5273 :: ('MESH:C562830', 'Disease') :: ['TIPS', 'transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Shunt dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous obstruction']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['Venous Obstruction']


abstract: Coarse-grained models are becoming a competitive alternative for modeling processes that occur over time and length scales beyond the reach of fully atomistic molecular simulations. Ideally, coarse-grained models should not only achieve high computational efficiency but also provide accurate predictions and fundamental insight into the role of molecular interactions, the characteristic behavior, and properties of the system they model. In this work we derive a series of monatomic coarse-grained water models mX(REM) from the most popular atomistic water models X = TIP3P, @entity4203 /E, TIP4P-Ew, and TIP4P/2005, using the relative entropy minimization (REM) method. Each coarse-grained water molecule is represented by a single particle that interacts through short-ranged anisotropic interactions that encourage the formation of " @entity3884 -bonded" structures. We systematically investigate the features of the coarse-grained models in reproducing over 20 structural, dynamic, and thermodynamic properties of the reference atomistic water models-including the existence and locus of the @entity154 . The mX(REM) coarse-grained models reproduce quite faithfully the radial and angular distribution function of water, produce a @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ), and stabilize the ice I crystal. Moreover, the ratio between the @entity1054 and the melting temperature of the crystal in the mX(REM) models and liquid-ice equilibrium properties show reasonable agreement with the results of the corresponding atomistic models. The mX(REM) models, however, severely underestimate the cohesive energy of the condensed water phases. We investigate which specific limitations of the coarse-grained models arise from the REM methodology, from the monatomic nature of the models, and from the Stillinger-Weber interaction potential form. Our analysis indicates that a small compromise in the accuracy of structural properties can result in a significant increase of the overall accuracy and representability of the coarse-grained water models. We evaluate the accuracy of the atomistic and the monatomic anisotropic coarse-grained water models, including the mW water model, in reproducing experimental water properties. We find that mW and mTIP4P/2005(REM) score closer to experiment than widely used atomistic water models. We conclude that monatomic models of water with short-range, anisotropic " @entity3884 -bonding" three-body interactions can be competitive in accuracy with fully atomistic models for the study of a wide range of properties and phenomena at less than 1/100th of the computational cost.

title: Coarse-Graining of TIP4P/2005, TIP4P-Ew, XXXX /E, and TIP3P to Monatomic Anisotropic Water Models Using Relative Entropy Minimization.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['characteristic density anomaly']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TMD', 'temperature of maximum density']

answer: @entity4203 :: (5541,Gene) :: ['SPC']


abstract: PURPOSE: In @entity1 with histopathologically proven or suspected @entity46 with possible involvement of the rectum, endorectal ultrasound was performed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of this method with regard to rectal wall involvement and the impact on the following operation. METHODS: In an historical cohort analysis, 85 females with histopathologically proven or suspected @entity46 with possible involvement of the rectum were treated between 1992 and 2001. Endorectal ultrasound was performed with a 7.5 MHz real-time unit, and results of endorectal ultrasound were compared with intraoperative findings and histopathologic diagnosis of 65 @entity1 undergoing operation. A questionnaire was used to evaluate postoperative signs and symptoms. RESULTS: Of 65 @entity1 undergoing surgery, 37 underwent laparotomy with 25 resections of the bowel and 28 laparoscopy. In 31 of 32 @entity1 with suspected rectal wall infiltration, preoperative endorectal ultrasound diagnosis was confirmed. In @entity1 in whom endorectal ultrasound showed no rectal wall involvement, histopathology revealed infiltration in one @entity1 , leading to sensitivity of 97 percent and specificity of 97 percent with regard to rectal wall involvement. In terms of the deepness of rectal wall infiltration, endorectal ultrasound had a sensitivity of 76 percent with regard to infiltration of the muscularis propria and 66 percent for infiltration of the submucosa. Operations led to a significant (P < 0.05) reduction of preoperative symptoms by approximately 60 percent. CONCLUSIONS: Endorectal ultrasound is a useful, noninvasive technique for preoperative evaluation of possible rectal wall involvement in @entity46 . Based on the high sensitivity and specificity, recommendation for laparotomy and bowel resection in cases with suspected rectal involvement can be facilitated.

title: Rectal XXXX : high sensitivity and specificity of endorectal ultrasound with an impact for the operative management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: AIM: A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed for sequential treatments of @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) with @entity4149 kinase inhibitors (TKIs) after failure of 1st line @entity2213 , from a commercial payer perspective in the US. METHODS: A Markov model was developed to simulate lifetime treatment costs and health outcomes for TKI sequences for treatment of @entity1 resistant or intolerant to 1st-line @entity2213 . Five health states were included, chronic phase 2nd-line TKI, chronic phase 3rd-line TKI, chronic phase post-TKI, advanced phases, and @entity204 . Efficacy (response achievement, loss of response, transformation, @entity204 ) and safety (adverse events incidence, discontinuation) data are based on clinical trials. Resource utilization, costs, and utilities were based on product labels and publically available data. Uncertainty analyses were conducted for key inputs. RESULTS: In @entity1 failing @entity2213 , @entity8947 -initiating treatment sequences provide the most survival (  LYs   =   0.2-2.0), QALYs (  QALYs   =   0.2-1.9), and accrue highest @entity1860 -related costs (  Costs   =    64,000- 222,000). The average @entity10679 per QALY for @entity8947 - vs @entity2213 -initiating sequences is  100,000 for an @entity2213 -resistant population. The average @entity10679 per QALY for @entity8947 - vs @entity10542 -initiating sequences is  170,000 for an @entity2213 -resistant population, and  160,000 for an @entity2213 -intolerant population. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis suggests that @entity8947 is associated with increased survival and quality of life compared to high dose @entity2213 and to a smaller extent with @entity10542 , among @entity1 resistant or intolerant to 1st-line @entity2213 , primarily based on higher cytogenetic response rates observed in clinical studies of @entity8947 . Head-to-head studies of sequential use of @entity8947 and @entity10542 are needed to validate the model findings of improved survival (LYs) with better quality-of-life (QALYs) for @entity1 initiating @entity8947 in 2nd-line. However, the model findings (in light of higher cytogenetic response rates with @entity8947 ) are supported by other studies showing improved quality-of-life for responders, and improved survival for @entity1 achieving cytogenetic response.

title: Cost-effectiveness analysis of second-line XXXX kinase inhibitor treatment for @entity1860 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8947 :: ('MESH:C488369', 'Chemical') :: ['dasatinib']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myelogenous leukemia']

entities_list: @entity10542 :: ('MESH:C498826', 'Chemical') :: ['nilotinib']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

answer: @entity4149 :: (D014443,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity101 is prevalent in the elderly, but treatment is often inadequate, particularly in developing countries. The objective of this study was to explore the role of a community-based program in supporting @entity1 with @entity101 in an Indonesian rural community. METHODS: A qualitative study comprising observation and in-depth interviews was conducted in an Integrated Health Service Post for the Elderly (IHSP-Elderly) program in Bantul district (Yogyakarta province). Eleven members of IHSP-Elderly program (ie, @entity101 @entity1 ), 3 @entity497 ( @entity497 ), and 1 district health staff member were interviewed to obtain their views about the role of the IHSP-Elderly program in @entity101 management. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: @entity497 played a prominent role as the gatekeepers of health care in the rural community. In supporting @entity101 management, @entity497 served members of the IHSP-Elderly program by facilitating blood pressure checks and physical exercise and providing health education. Members reported various benefits, such as a healthier feeling overall, peer support, and access to affordable health care. Members felt that IHSP-Elderly program could do more to provide routine blood pressure screening and improve the process of referral to other health care services. CONCLUSION: @entity497 have the potential to liaise between rural communities and the wider health care system. Their role needs to be strengthened through targeted organizational support that aims to improve delivery of, and referral to, care. Further study is needed to identify the key factors for effective CHW-based programs in rural communities and the incorporation of these programs into the health care system.

title: A Community Health Worker-Based Program for Elderly XXXX With @entity101 in Indonesia: A Qualitative Study, 2013.

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['community health workers', 'CHWs']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['People']


abstract: Nutrition is one method to counter the negative impact of an exercise-induced injury. Deficiencies of energy, protein and other nutrients should be avoided. Claims for the effectiveness of many other nutrients following injuries are rampant, but the evidence is equivocal. The results of an exercise-induced injury may vary widely depending on the nature of the injury and severity. @entity130 typically result in cessation, or at least a reduction, in participation in sport and decreased physical activity. Limb immobility may be necessary with some injuries, contributing to reduced activity and training. Following an injury, an inflammatory response is initiated and while excess @entity32 may be harmful, given the importance of the inflammatory process for wound healing, attempting to drastically reduce @entity32 may not be ideal for optimal recovery. @entity130 severe enough for immobilization of a limb result in loss of muscle mass and reduced muscle strength and function. Loss of muscle results from reductions in basal muscle protein synthesis and the resistance of muscle to anabolic stimulation. Energy balance is critical. Higher protein intakes (2-2.5  g/kg/day) seem to be warranted during immobilization. At the very least, care should be taken not to reduce the absolute amount of protein intake when energy intake is reduced. There is promising, albeit preliminary, evidence for the use of @entity9539 and @entity908 to counter @entity121 and enhance @entity1184 , respectively. The overriding nutritional recommendation for injured exercisers should be to consume a well-balanced diet based on whole, minimally processed foods or ingredients made from whole foods. The diet composition should be carefully assessed and changes considered as the injury heals and activity patterns change.

title: Nutritional Support for Exercise-Induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity9539 :: ('MESH:D015525', 'Chemical') :: ['omega-3 fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle loss']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Injuries']


abstract: BackgroundScopoletin and its glucoside @entity43330 are important secondary metabolites synthesized in plants as a defense mechanism against various environmental stresses. They belong to @entity6397 , a class of phytochemicals with significant biological activities that is widely used in medical application and cosmetics industry. Although numerous studies showed that a variety of @entity6397 occurs naturally in several plant species, the details of @entity6397 biosynthesis and its regulation is not well understood. It was shown previously that @entity6397 (predominantly @entity43330 and @entity42361 ) occur in @entity958 ( @entity958 ) roots, but until now nothing is known about natural variation of their accumulation in this model plant. Therefore, the genetic architecture of @entity6397 biosynthesis in @entity958 has not been studied before.ResultsHere, the variation in @entity43330 and @entity42361 content was assessed by comparing seven @entity958 accessions. Subsequently, a quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping was performed with an Advanced Intercross Recombinant Inbred Lines (AI-RILs) mapping population EstC ( @entity68279  *  Col). In order to reveal the genetic basis of both @entity43330 and @entity42361 biosynthesis, two sets of @entity1042 extracts were made from @entity958 roots and one set was additionally subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis prior to quantification done by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). We identified one QTL for @entity43330 and five QTLs for @entity42361 accumulation. The identified QTLs explained 13.86% and 37.60% of the observed phenotypic variation in @entity43330 and @entity42361 content, respectively. In silico analysis of genes located in the associated QTL intervals identified a number of possible candidate genes involved in @entity6397 biosynthesis.ConclusionsTogether, our results demonstrate for the first time that @entity958 is an excellent model for studying the genetic and molecular basis of natural variation in @entity6397 biosynthesis in plants. It additionally provides a basis for fine mapping and cloning of the genes involved in @entity43330 and @entity42361 biosynthesis. Importantly, we have identified new loci for this biosynthetic process.

title: Identification of QTL affecting XXXX and @entity42361 biosynthesis in @entity958 .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity6397 :: ('MESH:D003374', 'Chemical') :: ['coumarins']

entities_list: @entity42361 :: ('MESH:D012603', 'Chemical') :: ['scopoletin']

answer: @entity43330 :: (MESH:C417572,Chemical) :: ['scopolin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The association between @entity5 and immune-mediated rheumatic conditions is controversial, especially as far as @entity2760 ( @entity2760 ) is concerned. Furthermore, no clinical feature has been shown to be suggestive of a @entity627 . With the present study, we aim to address both these issues. The study population comprised N  =  1750 @entity1 , including N  =  100 with @entity2760 , who attended our tertiary immuno-rheumatology clinic between January 1, 2005 and November 30, 2012. A @entity627 was deemed paraneoplastic if @entity5 had been diagnosed in the 2  years preceding or following its onset. The probability of a significant association between a specific @entity627 and @entity5 was evaluated by computing the odds ratio (OR): N  =  702 @entity1 with @entity571 serving as controls. Furthermore, clinical features distinguishing paraneoplastic @entity627 were searched for by univariate and multivariate analysis. @entity10632 ( @entity10632 ) [OR 3.6 (CI 95% 1.7-7.5)], @entity2760 (OR 5.1 CI 95% 2.9-8.9), @entity6017 / @entity6558 [OR 12.09 (CI 95% 2.6-55.8)] and @entity1333 [OR 3.70 (CI 95% 1.81-7.52)] are associated with @entity5 . At multivariate analysis, older age is associated with @entity5 among @entity10632 @entity1 (p  =  0.03), while in the @entity2760 group, older age, male gender, and >= 6 tender joints are independent predictors of paraneoplastic @entity2760 (p  <  0.0004). Cancer frequently either heralds or follows rheumatic manifestations, including @entity2760 . Older age, male gender and a more extensive joint involvement should be considered red flags for paraneoplastic @entity2760 .

title: Association between @entity627 and XXXX : results from a clinical practice cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic disease', 'rheumatic diseases', 'paraneoplastic rheumatic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity6017 :: ('MESH:D003882', 'Disease') :: ['dermatomyositis']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2760 :: ('MESH:D011111', 'Disease') :: ['polymyalgia rheumatica', 'PMR']

entities_list: @entity10632 :: ('MESH:D012859', 'Disease') :: ["Sjogren's syndrome", 'SS']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['polymyositis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: One of the many applications for which lasers have been proposed in implant dentistry is for the decontamination process. The purposes of this study were to assess possible alterations in @entity702 implants in vitro and in vivo by use of the @entity544 ( @entity515 ) laser and to determine whether new bone formation can occur on previously contaminated implants. In vitro, temperature changes at the bone- @entity702 implant interface were recorded during use of a @entity515 laser-scanning system (Swiftlase). Additionally, the effects of laser irradiation on @entity702 implants at various power settings were examined. In 6 @entity235 , a total of 60 implants and @entity154 resulting from plaque accumulation were treated by air-powder abrasive (the conventional treatment), laser irradiation, or both. Depending on the parameters chosen, melting and other surface alterations were seen in vitro, especially in the superpulse mode. Otherwise, no alterations were found, even at high power settings in the continuous mode. In vivo, corresponding histologic examination of 4-month sections showed evidence of new direct bone-to-implant contact after laser-assisted therapy, especially when the implants had been treated concomitantly with submerged membranes. These results support the hypothesis that peri-implant defects can be treated successfully by laser decontamination without damaging the surrounding tissues in the @entity235 model. Nevertheless, further investigations will be required to determine the clinical efficacy of the treatment.

title: Peri-implant care of ailing implants with the XXXX laser.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['bony defects']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['beagle dogs', 'dog']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity544 :: (MESH:D002245,Chemical) :: ['carbon dioxide']


abstract: Physiological studies with excised stem segments have implicated the plant hormone @entity9634 ( @entity6207 or auxin) in the regulation of cell elongation. Supporting evidence from intact plants has been somewhat more difficult to obtain, however. Here, we report the identification and characterization of an auxin-mediated cell elongation growth response in @entity958 . When grown in the light at high temperature (29 degreesC), @entity958 seedlings exhibit @entity5588 compared with seedlings grown at 20 degreesC. This temperature-dependent growth response is sharply reduced by mutations in the auxin response or transport pathways and in seedlings containing reduced levels of free @entity6207 . In contrast, mutants deficient in @entity15150 and @entity2271 biosynthesis or in @entity1786 response are unaffected. Furthermore, we detect a corresponding increase in the level of free @entity6207 in seedlings grown at high temperature, suggesting that temperature regulates auxin synthesis or catabolism to mediate this growth response. Consistent with this possibility, high temperature also stimulates other auxin-mediated processes including auxin-inducible gene expression. Based on these results, we propose that growth at high temperature promotes an increase in auxin levels resulting in @entity101 . These results strongly support the contention that endogenous auxin promotes cell elongation in intact plants.

title: High temperature promotes auxin-mediated hypocotyl elongation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased hypocotyl elongation']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity15150 :: ('CHEBI:28833', 'Chemical') :: ['gibberellin']

entities_list: @entity5588 :: ('MESH:C538010', 'Disease') :: ['dramatic hypocotyl elongation']

entities_list: @entity9634 :: ('MESH:C030737', 'Chemical') :: ['indole-3-acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity1786 :: ('MESH:C036216', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of pathogen-mediated @entity221 in sub-Saharan Africa is receiving more attention, especially in Southern Africa where four countries (including Namibia) are actively working to eliminate @entity311 . With a high concentration of livestock and high rates of companion animal ownership, the influence of zoonotic @entity4577 as causes of @entity221 in Namibia remains unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The aim of the study was to evaluate exposure to @entity4003 , spotted @entity221 and @entity23244 group rickettsiae, and @entity2711 using IFA and ELISA (IgG) in serum collected from 319 volunteer blood donors identified by the Blood Transfusion Service of Namibia (NAMBTS). Serum samples were linked to a basic questionnaire to identify possible risk factors. The majority of the @entity1 (64.8%) had extensive exposure to rural areas or farms. Results indicated a @entity4003 prevalence of 26.1% (screening titre 1   16), and prevalence rates of 11.9% and 14.9% (screening titre 1   100) for spotted @entity221 group and @entity23244 group rickettsiae, respectively. There was a significant spatial association between @entity4003 exposure and place of residence in southern Namibia (P<0.021). Donors with occupations involving animals (P>0.012), especially @entity291 (P>0.006), were also significantly associated with @entity4003 exposure. Males were significantly more likely than females to have been exposed to spotted @entity221 (P<0.013) and @entity23244 (P<0.011) group rickettsiae. Three (2.9%) samples were positive for @entity2711 possibly indicating low levels of exposure to a pathogen never reported in Namibia. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These results indicate that Namibians are exposed to pathogenic @entity221 -causing bacteria, most of which have @entity11101 or tick vectors/reservoirs. The epidemiology of febrile illnesses in Namibia needs further evaluation in order to develop comprehensive local diagnostic and treatment algorithms.

title: Exposure and Risk Factors to @entity4003 , Spotted Fever Group and Typhus Group Rickettsiae, and XXXX among Volunteer Blood Donors in Namibia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['febrile illness', 'fever']

entities_list: @entity2711 :: ('38323', 'Species') :: ['Bartonella henselae', 'B. henselae']

entities_list: @entity4003 :: ('777', 'Species') :: ['C. burnetii', 'Coxiella burnetii']

entities_list: @entity4577 :: ('MESH:D017192', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial diseases']

answer: @entity2711 :: (38323,Species) :: ['Bartonella henselae']