abstract: The objective was to discover the nature of @entity75 in survivors of @entity542 who are left with moderate disability. Macroscopic and microscopic examination was carried out on the brains of 20 @entity1 who had died long after a @entity542 that had been treated in a neurosurgical unit. All had become independent but had various disabilities (moderate disability on the Glasgow outcome scale) Most @entity204 had been sudden, which had led to their referral from forensic pathologists. @entity32933 was a feature in 75%. An @entity932 had been evacuated in 75%, and in 11 of the 15 with @entity302 . @entity21 was found in six @entity1 , five of the mildest type (grade 1) and one of grade 2. No @entity1 had diffuse thalamic damage but one had a small focal @entity75 in the thalamus. No @entity1 had severe @entity75 , but three had moderate lesions which were bilateral in only one. No @entity1 had severe @entity131 . In conclusion, the dominant lesion was focal damage from an evacuated @entity932 . Severe diffuse damage was not found, with @entity21 only mild and thalamic damage in only one @entity1 .

title: The structural basis of moderate disability after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['cortical contusions']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial haematoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic brain damage', 'ischaemic lesion', 'brain damage']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['Diffuse axonal injury', 'diffuse axonal injury']

entities_list: @entity32933 :: ('MESH:D004834', 'Disease') :: ['Post-traumatic epilepsy']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain damage']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The mainstay of treatment for @entity697 remains supportive care. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of nebulized @entity4372 ( @entity4372 ) in @entity1 with @entity697 . METHODS: Data sources included PubMed and the Virtual Health Library of the Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information up to May 2015. Studies selected were randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials comparing nebulized @entity4372 with 0.9% saline or standard treatment. RESULTS: We included 24 trials involving 3209 @entity1 , 1706 of whom received @entity4372 . Hospitalized @entity1 treated with nebulized @entity4372 had a significantly shorter length of stay compared with those receiving 0.9% saline or standard care (15 trials involving 1956 @entity1 ; mean difference [MD] -0.45 days, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.82 to -0.08). The @entity4372 group also had a significantly lower posttreatment clinical score in the first 3 days of admission (5 trials involving 404 inpatients; day 1: MD -0.99, 95% CI -1.48 to -0.50; day 2: @entity6917 .45, 95% CI -2.06 to -0.85; day 3: @entity6917 .44, 95% CI -1.78 to -1.11). Nebulized @entity4372 reduced the risk of hospitalization by 20% compared with 0.9% saline among outpatients (7 trials involving 951 @entity1 ; risk ratio 0.80, 95% CI 0.67-0.96). No significant adverse events related to @entity4372 inhalation were reported. The quality of evidence is moderate due to inconsistency in results between trials and study limitations (risk of bias). CONCLUSIONS: Nebulized @entity4372 is a safe and potentially effective treatment of @entity1 with @entity697 .

title: Nebulized Hypertonic Saline for XXXX : A Systematic Review.

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['HS', 'hypertonic saline']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute bronchiolitis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['Acute Bronchiolitis']


abstract: The aim of the work was to study dynamics of daily arterial pressure profile during combined antihypertensive therapy starting from @entity460 and @entity2178 antagonists ( @entity3591 - @entity917 ) in Far North employees suffering arterial @entity101 engaged on different working schedules. A total of 137 @entity1 with grade I-III AH were divided into 2 groups. Those in group 1 worked day shifts (n=70) and the remaining ones worked night shifts (group 2). 129 @entity1 completed the course of therapy. The final mean daily doses of @entity3591 - @entity917 were 8.2    1.1/144.8 1.8 and 9.4    1.6/197.8    3.5 mg in groups I and 2 respectively. AP monitoring was performed before, 4 weeks and 6 months after therapy. Six months after the onset of @entity3591 - @entity917 therapy 97.2 and 97.6% of the @entity1 in groups 1 and 2 respectively showed the target AP level and normalization of daily AP profile. Daily variability of AP in group 2 (excepting night-time variability) was also normal. Morning AP dynamics markedly improved in both groups. Most @entity1 demonstrated excellent compliance with therapy due to its high efficacy and good tolerability.

title: [DYNAMICS OF THE CIRCADIAN BLOOD PRESSURE PROFILE DURING COMBINED XXXX - @entity917 THERAPY IN FAR NORTH RESIDENTS].

entities_list: @entity917 :: ('MESH:C081489', 'Chemical') :: ['valsartan']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity3591 :: ('MESH:D017311', 'Chemical') :: ['amlodipine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity3591 :: (MESH:D017311,Chemical) :: ['AMLODIPINE']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Admission to university is a very sensitive period of life for efficient, active, and young workforces in any country, and it is mostly associated with many changes in social and @entity1 relationships. These changes lead to @entity148 in students. Moreover, @entity1 need certain functions in order to adaptively deal with different life situations and challenges. By training stress management, these functions can help @entity1 acquire the required abilities. OBJECTIVE: The present study was aimed at investigating the effectiveness of stress management training in @entity148 , @entity458 , and general self-efficacy among university students. METHOD: The study was a quasi-experimental intervention (pretest-posttest-follow-up) including a control group, it was a fundamental applied study. The statistical population consisted of all students of Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran. Convenient sampling was employed to select 30 students who were divided into an experimental group (n=15) and a control group (n=15). Before stress management training, both groups filled out Beck Anxiety Inventory, Long and Goulet scale of @entity458 , and General Self-efficacy Scale (GSE-10). Afterwards, the experimental group was provided with stress management training. And after the experiment, the abovementioned questionnaires and scales were responded by the two groups. Finally the collected data were analyzed and compared using one-way MANOVA. RESULTS: The results of MANOVA indicated that there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of @entity148 , hardiness, and general self-efficacy (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: According to the results of the present study and those of previous investigations that are in agreement with those of the present study, it can be concluded that stress management among university students cause @entity148 to drop; moreover, it enhances their @entity458 and self-efficacy. In regard with the role and importance of stress management, training this skill should be included in educational plans of university.

title: The Effectiveness of Group Training of CBT-Based Stress Management on Anxiety, XXXX and General Self-Efficacy Among University Students.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological hardiness']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['Psychological Hardiness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Thai-Myanmar border is a remaining hotspot for @entity311 transmission. @entity311 transmission in this region continues year-round, with a major peak season in July-August, and a minor peak in October-November. @entity311 elimination requires better knowledge of the mosquito community structure, dynamics and vectorial status to support effective vector control. METHODS: Adult Anopheles mosquitoes were collected using CDC light traps and @entity291 bait in 7 villages along the Thai-Myanmar border in January 2011 - March 2013. Mosquitoes were determined to species by morphological characters. @entity3965 -positivity was determined by circumsporozoite protein ELISA. RESULTS: The 2986 Anopheles mosquitoes collected were assigned to 26 species, with Anopheles minimus sensu lato (s.l.) (40.32  %), An. maculatus s.l. (21.43  %), An. annularis s.l. (14.43  %), An. kochi (5.39  %), An. tessellatus (5.26  %), and An. barbirostris s.l. (3.52  %) being the top six most abundant species. @entity3965 -infected mosquitoes were found in 22 positive samples from 2906 pooled samples of abdomens and heads/thoraxes. Four mosquito species were found infected with @entity3965 : An. minimus s.l., An. maculatus s.l., An. annularis s.l. and An. barbirostris s.l. The infectivity rates of these mosquitoes were 0.76, 0.37, 0.72, and 1.74  %, respectively. Consistent with a change in @entity311 epidemiology to the predominance of @entity3965 in this area, 20 of the 22 infected mosquito samples were @entity3965 -positive. The four potential vector species all displayed apparent seasonality in relative abundance. While An. minimus s.l. was collected through the entire year, its abundance peaked in the season immediately after the wet season. In comparison, An. maculatus s.l. numbers showed a major peak during the wet season. The two potential vector species, An. annularis s.l. and An. barbirostris s.l., both showed peak abundance during the transition from wet to dry season. Moreover, An. minimus s.l. was more abundant in indoor collections, whereas An. annularis s.l. and An. barbirostris s.l. were more abundant in outdoor collections, suggesting their potential role in outdoor @entity311 transmission. CONCLUSIONS: This survey confirmed the major vector status of An. minimus s.l. and An. maculatus s.l. and identified An. annularis s.l. and An. barbirostris s.l. as additional vectors with potential importance in @entity311 transmission after the wet season.

title: Natural human XXXX infections in major Anopheles mosquitoes in western Thailand.

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['Malaria', 'malaria']

entities_list: @entity3965 :: ('5855', 'Species') :: ['P. vivax', 'Plasmodium']

answer: @entity3965 :: (5855,Species) :: ['Plasmodium']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity5 of the biliary tract have a dismal prognosis. As in most @entity5 , resection is the only effective treatment with potential for cure. Preoperative staging is not completely accurate, however, and a significant number of @entity1 with @entity1125 undergo unnecessary laparotomy. As imaging technology improves, more @entity1 with unresectable disease will be identified, avoiding the need for a laparotomy. Laparoscopy is a major addition, but its usefulness in staging of @entity5 continues to evolve. The importance of laparoscopy to better predict the resectability in @entity409 increasingly has been recognized. Conversely, the use of staging laparoscopy for other @entity5 has shown little benefit. For @entity201 and @entity1086 , the authors' analysis of 100 @entity1 supports the use of staging laparoscopy for assessing these @entity5 . In this series, staging laparoscopy correctly identified unresectable disease and prevented unnecessary laparotomy in one third of @entity1 . @entity1 with unresectable disease that was not detected at laparoscopy most often had locally advanced @entity5 . LUS did not contribute to the assessment of resectability in these @entity1 . The yield of laparoscopy was lower for @entity201 , but could be improved by targeting @entity1 who are at higher risk for occult unresectable disease, such as @entity1 with T2 or T3 lesions. These @entity1 and @entity1 with primary @entity1086 have a high incidence of @entity3 and should undergo laparoscopic staging before attempting at resection.

title: Role of laparoscopy in the evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal malignancies', 'tumors', 'abdominal cancers', 'cancers', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver malignancies']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['hilar cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder cancer', 'gallbladder carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1125 :: ('MESH:D001661', 'Disease') :: ['biliary carcinoma']

answer: @entity1125 :: (MESH:D001661,Disease) :: ['biliary tract cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVES: @entity694 is currently of high incidence and mortality rate. Identifying the factors influencing its prognosis can be very beneficial to its clinical treatment. Recent studies have shown that lymph nodes ratio can be considered as an important prognostic factor. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of this factor on the prognosis of the @entity1 presenting with @entity5 and to compare the result with the effect of lymph node stage on their prognosis. MATERIALS: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 66 @entity1 of @entity5 , who met the study inclusion criteria. @entity1 were categorized into four groups based on Kaplan-Meier plots: LNR1 0-12%, LNR2 13-40%, LNR3 41-84% and LNR4 85-100%. Survival was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method, and differences analyzed by Log-rank test. A Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Lymph nodes ratio was a significantly variable both in overall survival ( P <0.0001) and in disease-free survival ( P =0.009). Lymph node stage was significant in overall survival ( P =0.008) but not in disease-free survival ( P =0.05). Multivariable analysis of overall survival showed lymph nodes ratio as the only independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSION: Lymph node ratio is a more accurate prognostic factor than lymph node stage in overall survival and, in particular, in disease-free survival in @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: Prognostic Value of Lymph Node Ratio in Comparison to Lymph Node Metastases in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III colon cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Stage III Colon Cancer']


abstract: The effect of three different nutrition counselling programs on well established @entity101 was studied in 64 @entity28 @entity1 regularly attending a @entity101 clinic. The 12-month program of weekly-monthly group sessions focused on weight reduction (W group, n = 24), salt restriction (S group, n = 17) or both ( @entity3297 group, n = 23). The mean (+/-SEM) weight decreased by 6.9 +/- 0.7 kg in the W group (p less than 0.001) and by 5.0 +/- 0.6 kg (p less than 0.001) in the @entity3297 group during the first three months of the study and levelled off thereafter. The weight changes in the S group were small during the trial. The mean 24-hour urinary @entity1372 excretion in the @entity3297 and S groups was reduced by about 35 and 50 mmol, respectively, during the first months of the study, and fell thereafter somewhat in the S group but not in the @entity3297 group. @entity1372 excretion remained unchanged in the W group. @entity551 (BP) fell significantly in the W and @entity3297 groups during the first months of the study. BP remained thereafter stable in most @entity1 but declined further in one fifth of them. BP changed little during the trial in the S group. By 12 months, BP control was improved in 67, 61 and 12% of the @entity1 in the W, @entity3297 and S groups, respectively. Improved BP control was strongly related to weight loss but not to reduced @entity1372 excretion. Weight reduction programs with even modest success help most @entity28 @entity1 with established @entity101 , whereas moderate salt intake restriction gives little added benefit.

title: Treatment of XXXX in @entity28 @entity1 : efficacy and feasibility of weight and salt reduction programs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1372 :: ('MESH:D012964', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium', 'sodium']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Systolic and diastolic blood pressure']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity409 ( @entity409 ) are highly frequent and thus mainly managed by non-hepatologists. Because they lack access to the best non-invasive tests of @entity1575 , these physicians cannot accurately determine the disease severity and the need for referral to a hepatologist. We aimed to implement an algorithm, comprising a new first-line test usable by all physicians, for the detection of @entity1575 in all @entity409 @entity1 . METHODS: Diagnostic study: 3,754 @entity409 @entity1 with liver biopsy were 2:1 randomized into derivation and validation sets. Prognostic study: longitudinal follow-up of 1,275 @entity409 @entity1 with baseline @entity82 tests. RESULTS: Diagnostic study: the easy @entity1575 Test (eLIFT), an "at-a-glance" sum of points attributed to age, gender, gamma-GT, AST, platelets and prothrombin time, was developed for the diagnosis of advanced @entity82 . In the validation set, eLIFT and FIB4 had the same sensitivity (78.0% vs 76.6%, p=0.470) but eLIFT gave less false-positive results, especially in @entity1    60 years old (53.8% vs 82.0%, p<0.001), and was thus more suitable as screening test. FibroMeter(VCTE) was the most accurate among the eight @entity82 tests evaluated. The sensitivity of the eLIFT-FM(VCTE) algorithm (first-line eLIFT, second-line FibroMeter(VCTE)) was 76.1% for advanced @entity82 and 92.1% for @entity82 . Prognostic study: @entity1 diagnosed as having "no/mild @entity82 " by the algorithm had excellent liver-related prognosis with thus no need for referral to a hepatologist. CONCLUSION: The eLIFT-FM(VCTE) algorithm extends the detection of @entity1575 to all @entity409 @entity1 and reduces unnecessary referrals of @entity1 without significant @entity409 to hepatologists. LAY SUMMARY: Blood @entity82 tests and transient elastography accurately diagnose @entity1575 in the large population of @entity1 having @entity409 , but these non-invasive tests are currently available only in specialized centers. We have developed an algorithm including as first-line procedure the easy @entity1575 Test (eLIFT), a new simple and widely available blood test, that selects at-risk @entity1 who need further evaluation with the FibroMeter(VCTE), an accurate @entity82 test combining blood markers and transient elastography result. This new algorithm, called the eLIFT-FM(VCTE), accurately identifies the @entity1 with advanced @entity409 who need referral to a specialist, and those with no or mild @entity409 who can remain under the care of their usual physician.

title: A stepwise algorithm using a at-a-glance first-line test for the non-invasive diagnosis of XXXX and @entity82 .

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['advanced liver fibrosis', 'liver fibrosis', 'LIver Fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['CLD', 'chronic liver disease', 'liver lesions', 'Chronic liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['advanced liver fibrosis']


abstract: Pharmaceutical compounds and dissolved organic matter ( @entity13304 ) are co-introduced into the environment by irrigation with reclaimed wastewater and/or application of biosolids. In this study, we evaluate the role and mechanism of interaction of the pharmaceuticals @entity1623 and @entity2049 with structural fractions of biosolids-derived @entity13304 . Sorption interactions were estimated from dialysis-bag experiments at different pHs. Sorption of @entity1623 and @entity2049 by the hydrophobic acid fraction exhibited strong pH- @entity734 . With both pharmaceuticals, the highest sorption coefficients (K( @entity4420 )) were at pH 4. With the hydrophobic neutral fraction, pH affected only @entity1623 sorption (decreasing with increasing pH). Among the hydrophilic @entity13304 fractions, the hydrophilic acid fraction exhibited the highest K( @entity4420 ) value for @entity2049 , probably due to their bipolar character. In the hydrophilic acid fraction- @entity1623 system, significant anionic repulsion was observed with increasing pH. The hydrophilic base fraction contains positively charged functional groups. Therefore with increasing ionization of @entity1623 (with increasing pH), K( @entity4420 ) to this fraction increased. The hydrophilic neutral fraction exhibited the lowest K( @entity4420 ) with both studied pharmaceuticals. The K( @entity4420 ) value of @entity2049 with the bulk @entity13304 sample was higher than the calculated K( @entity4420 ) value based on sorption by the individual isolated fractions. The opposite trend was observed with @entity1623 at pH 8: the calculated K( @entity4420 ) value was higher than the value obtained for the bulk @entity13304 . These results demonstrate that @entity13304 fractions interact with each other and do not act as separate sorption domains.

title: Sorption of the pharmaceuticals XXXX and @entity1623 to dissolved organic matter: role of structural fractions.

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity1623 :: ('MESH:D009288', 'Chemical') :: ['naproxen']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity2049 :: (MESH:D002220,Chemical) :: ['carbamazepine']


abstract: We prospectively studied @entity91 , regardless of neurologic status, by cranial computed tomography or psychometric testing in 56 @entity1 . None of the 27 @entity1 with simple @entity91 (single or multiple suture involvement) had evidence of @entity1276 on CT scan. Of the 24 @entity1 with simple @entity91 who underwent psychometric testing, 17 were of average intelligence; six were in the low average range. The single mentally retarded @entity1 had a history of severe perinatal @entity1763 . @entity1276 occurred more frequently (five of 23 cases) in @entity1 with @entity91 , including @entity8257 , @entity2168 , and kleeblattsch  @entity85 . More striking than @entity1276 , however, was the finding of dysmorphic @entity2554 in eight @entity1 , including the three @entity1 with @entity4886 and four with @entity2168 . Nineteen of the 25 @entity1 with @entity91 receiving psychometric testing were of normal intelligence. Four @entity1 with borderline normal intelligence had either @entity2554 . The two @entity1 with @entity1032 were sisters with @entity2168 whose family included @entity1032 individuals. This study indicates that the incidence of @entity1276 and @entity1032 in @entity91 is lower than reported previously.

title: XXXX and @entity1032 in @entity91 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation', 'other retarded']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus', 'Hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity4886 :: ('MESH:D000168', 'Disease') :: ['Apert syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2168 :: ('MESH:D003394', 'Disease') :: ['Crouzon syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2554 :: ('MESH:C563906', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus or ventricular dilation', 'ventricular dilation']

entities_list: @entity8257 :: ('MESH:C538582', 'Disease') :: ['Pfeiffer syndrome']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['complex craniosynostosis syndromes', 'craniosynostosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['del deformity']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['Hydrocephalus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: BACKGROUND Ischemia-reperfusion injury of whole brain involves a complicated pathophysiology mechanism. @entity6948 ( @entity9170 ) has been shown to have neuro protective functions. This study observed the effect of @entity9170 on serum @entity21078 and cerebral @entity1590 ( @entity1590 ) in a @entity35 model of @entity2806 -reperfusion. MATERIAL AND METHODS Healthy Sprague Dawley (SD) @entity35 (males, 7 weeks old) were randomly divided into sham, model, and @entity9170 groups (n=20 each). A @entity2806 -reperfusion model was prepared by clipping of the bilateral common carotid artery combined with @entity551 . @entity9170 (9  g/kg) was infused intravenously immediately after reperfusion in the @entity9170 group, while the other two groups received an equal volume of saline. @entity601 score (NDS) was measured at 6 hours, 24 hours, and 72 hours after surgery, with pathological observation of brain tissues. ELISA was then used to test serum @entity21078 protein level. @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) and @entity224 dismutase (SOD) were assayed by spectrometry. @entity4026 ( @entity4026 ) and @entity1590 levels were determined by real-time (RT)-PCR. RESULTS Model @entity35 had significant injury in the hippocampal @entity1249 region as shown by elevated NDS, @entity21078 , and @entity1865 levels, higher @entity4026 and @entity1590 mRNA expression, and lower SOD levels (p<0.05). @entity9170 treatment improved pathological injury, decreased NDS, @entity21078 , and @entity1865 levels, decreased expression of mRNA of @entity4026 and @entity1590 , and increased SOD levels. CONCLUSIONS @entity9170 @entity63 -reperfusion damage to @entity35 brains, and inhibited @entity4026 and @entity1590 expression in brain tissues, possibly via inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory response.

title: The Effect of @entity6948 on Oxidative Stress Response Following @entity2806 -Reperfusion in @entity35 and the Expression of XXXX ( @entity1590 ) and @entity21078 .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['alleviated ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['Malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['Neural defect']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexmedetomidine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1590 :: ('25464(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['intracellular adhesion molecule-1', 'ICAM-1']

answer: @entity1590 :: (25464(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Intracellular Adhesion Molecule-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Few reports have described the combined use of biologic and imaging techniques in the diagnosis of lymph node @entity3 . We prospectively evaluated lymph node @entity3 diagnosed by biologic and imaging means in @entity1 with @entity418 . METHODS: Preoperative ultrasound and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) examination were performed in 80 @entity1 . Biopsy specimens were immunohistochemically examined using @entity4910 ( @entity4910 ) and @entity7620 ( @entity7620 ) antibodies, and @entity5 were classified into three grades. RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy values of ultrasound examination were 88.2, 58.6, and 77.5%, respectively. The incidence of nodal involvement was 0% (0/10) in @entity1 with grade 1 @entity5 , 57.1% (16/28) in those with grade 2 @entity5 , and 83.3% (35/42) in those with grade 3 @entity5 . Of the 57 @entity1 with lymph node @entity3 determined sonographically, 50 had grade 2 or 3 @entity5 that were histologically confirmed. The remaining seven @entity1 with grade 1 @entity5 did not have involved nodes. Of the 23 @entity1 without lymph node @entity3 according to ultrasound examination, the incidence of lymph node @entity3 in @entity1 with grade 1, 2, and 3 @entity5 was 0, 16.7, and 50.0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: When used together, imaging and molecular procedures may offer improved identification of lymph node @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity957 of the esophagus.

title: Biologic and imaging diagnosis of lymph node @entity3 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal carcinoma']


abstract: @entity7143 is a potent broad-spectrum @entity10998 antifungal. Little is known about the prevalence and risk factors for low plasma @entity7143 concentrations (PPCs). We retrospectively reviewed all adult @entity1 whose PPCs were measured after at least 5 days of treatment between April 2006 and July 2008 at the H  pital Necker Enfants Malades. A low PPC was defined as a concentration lower than 500 ng/ml. Fifty-four @entity1 were included: 36 receiving prophylactic (200 mg three times a day) and 18 receiving curative (400 mg twice a day) @entity7143 therapy. The prevalence of low PPCs was 44% (16/36) in the prophylaxis group and 22% (4/18) in the curative-treatment group. In the prophylaxis group, low PPCs tended to be more frequent in cases of digestive disease (62.5% versus 30%; P = 0.051) and were significantly more frequent among @entity1 with @entity294 (71.4% versus 27%; P = 0.009) or @entity33 (100% versus 33%; P = 0.004). In the curative-treatment group, low PPCs were significantly more frequent in cases of @entity294 (75% versus 7%; P = 0.018). In the prophylaxis group, the only two @entity1 who subsequently developed invasive @entity364 exhibited low PPCs. The only adverse event was hepatotoxicity for 2/54 @entity1 (3.7%), which was not related to high plasma drug concentrations. In conclusion, low PPC is common, significantly more frequent in cases of @entity294 or @entity33 , and potentially associated with subsequent invasive @entity364 . Therapeutic drug monitoring of @entity7143 is therefore mandatory for immunosuppressed adults, at least for those with @entity344 .

title: Therapeutic drug monitoring of XXXX : a monocentric study with 54 adults.

entities_list: @entity10998 :: ('CHEBI:38597', 'Chemical') :: ['triazole']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disorders']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections', 'fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity7143 :: ('MESH:C101425', 'Chemical') :: ['Posaconazole', 'posaconazole']

answer: @entity7143 :: (MESH:C101425,Chemical) :: ['posaconazole']


abstract: The orthopedic manifestations in @entity1 with @entity5108 include @entity85 of the extremities and spine. Conservative treatment is the first choice. Orthosis and rehabilitation can improve function, and are important for the prevention of @entity1159 . Foot problems are most commonly observed and require surgical treatment. @entity5109 include pes cavus, cavovarus, @entity1848 , or drop foot. Single or combined surgeries selected for soft tissues are plantar release, @entity924 , and those for bones are osteotomies and joint fusions. The upper limb initially demonstrates loss of power of the intrinsic hand muscles followed by symmetrical atrophy of the forearm muscle groups. The typical @entity1847 is @entity1848 . @entity924 , soft tissue release, or nerve decompression procedures are performed for correction of @entity1847 . @entity7195 in the @entity572 is sometimes observed and osteotomy is selected as surgical treatment in such cases. The associated @entity85 is @entity1635 with or without @entity1513 . Similar to treatment of @entity2112 , posterior spinal fusion is performed in @entity1 with progressive @entity85 .

title: [Treatment for XXXX with @entity5108 : Orthopaedic Aspects].

entities_list: @entity5109 :: ('MESH:D005530', 'Disease') :: ['Foot deformities']

entities_list: @entity5108 :: ('MESH:D002607', 'Disease') :: ['Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease']

entities_list: @entity7195 :: ('OMIM:142700', 'Disease') :: ['Acetabular dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['Tendon transfer, joint fusion', 'tendon transfer, or Achilles tendon lengthening']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1847 :: ('MESH:D006226', 'Disease') :: ['hand deformities', 'hand deformity']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip joints']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['joint contractures']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity', 'spinal deformities', 'deformity and dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1848 :: ('MESH:D037801', 'Disease') :: ['claw toes', 'claw hand']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Being a salt sensitive crop, @entity579 growth and development are frequently affected by soil salinity. @entity3957 ( @entity3958 ) has been recently explored as an important priming agent regulating diverse physiological processes of plant growth and development. Despite its enormous prospects in plant systems, the role of @entity3958 in plant stress tolerance is still elusive. Here, a combined pharmacological, physiological and biochemical approach was executed aiming to examine the possible mechanism of @entity3958 in enhancement of @entity579 salt stress tolerance. We showed that pretreating @entity579 plants with @entity3958 donor @entity8835 ( @entity8835 ) clearly improved, but application of @entity3958 scavenger @entity37405 with @entity8835 decreased growth and biomass-related parameters under salt stress. @entity8835 -pretreated salt-stressed plants exhibited increased @entity38 , carotenoid and soluble protein contents, as well as suppressed accumulation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS), contributing to oxidative damage protection. The protective mechanism of @entity3958 against oxidative stress was correlated with the elevated levels of @entity620 , @entity2041 , redox states, and the enhanced activities of ROS- and @entity14625 -detoxifying enzymes. Notably, the ability to decrease the uptake of @entity4024 and the @entity4024 / @entity3529 ratio, as well as to balance mineral contents indicated a role of @entity3958 in ion homeostasis under salt stress. Altogether, our results highlight that modulation of the level of endogenous @entity3958 genetically or exogenously could be employed to attain better growth and development of @entity579 , and perhaps other crops, under salt stress. Furthermore, our study reveals the importance of the implication of gasotransmitters like @entity3958 for the management of salt stress, thus assisting @entity579 plants to adapt to adverse environmental changes.

title: @entity3957 Regulates Salt Tolerance in @entity579 by Maintaining XXXX / @entity3529 Balance, Mineral Homeostasis and Oxidative Metabolism Under Excessive Salt Stress.

entities_list: @entity14625 :: ('MESH:D011765', 'Chemical') :: ['methylglyoxal']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity8835 :: ('MESH:C025451', 'Chemical') :: ['NaHS', 'sodium bisulfide']

entities_list: @entity37405 :: ('MESH:C003949', 'Chemical') :: ['hypotaurine']

entities_list: @entity3957 :: ('MESH:D006862', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrogen sulfide']

entities_list: @entity38 :: ('MESH:D002734', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorophyll']

answer: @entity4024 :: (D012964,Chemical) :: ['Na(+)']


abstract: Preventive @entity1337 produced by @entity6058 and @entity10964 was evaluated during a prospective study randomized in two groups. One hundred twenty @entity1 were included aged from 3 to 6 years who underwent surgery by different procedures. Analgesic dose was applied 15 min prior to surgery by intravenous (i.v.) via. Technique used was inhaled general anesthesia; use of opioids was avoided. @entity158 evaluation at the end of surgery (and during the following 48 to 72 h) as well as bleeding time, platelet count, and alterations in white blood cell count were dependent variables. As soon as @entity1 arrived in the recovery room, @entity158 was measured by modified McGrath scales and the chromatic EVA. In @entity6058 group, 40% of @entity1 showed no @entity158 and 55% presented mild to moderate @entity158 (1-6). In @entity10964 group, 40% of @entity1 referred no @entity158 , while 55% evaluated @entity158 as minimal to moderate. @entity1337 produced by both drugs presented no significant statistical diference (p > 0.5). Troughout followup, maximum @entity158 referred had a values of 6 and 7, respectively, for @entity6058 and @entity10964 . Fifteen min after analgesic dose, @entity158 was referred as 3 and 4. No alterations were observed in bleeding time, platelet count, and white blood cell count. We conclude that both analgesics prevent @entity1931 during post-surgical period.

title: [ @entity6058 vs @entity10964 preemptive @entity1337 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10964 :: ('MESH:D004177', 'Chemical') :: ['metamizol']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia', 'Analgesia']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Whether there is an association between @entity66 and @entity302 is uncertain. Recently, a syndrome of @entity66 , @entity1625 and @entity730 has been described, mostly in Italy. We measured the prevalence of @entity66 in @entity1 attending a @entity410 clinic, and investigated whether @entity730 occurred in @entity1 with both @entity66 and @entity302 . Screening for @entity66 was by IgA endomysial antibody, measured by indirect immunofluorescence using sections of @entity1 umbilical cord. Of 177 @entity1 screened, four @entity1 were positive. All had small-bowel histology typical of @entity66 . The overall frequency of @entity66 in this mixed @entity1 sample was 1 in 44. In a control group of 488 pregnant patients, two serum samples were positive (1 in 244). Sixteen @entity1 with both @entity66 and @entity302 , who had previously attended this hospital, were identified. No @entity1 had @entity730 on CT scanning. @entity66 appears to occur with increased frequency in @entity1 with @entity302 , and a high index of suspicion should be maintained. Cerebral calcification is not a feature of our @entity1 with @entity302 and @entity66 , and may be an ethnically-or geographically-restricted finding.

title: @entity66 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['occipital lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Coeliac disease', 'coeliac disease']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral calcification']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to determine the relationship among the time saved by administration of thrombolytic therapy in prehospital versus hospital setting and long term mortality; number, duration of hospitalizations and their causes. BACKGROUND: There is much theoretic, experimental and trial evidence to indicate that in @entity583 the earlier the thrombolytic therapy is given, the greater its efficacy. However, the clinical importance of this gain time in long term is still uncertain. SUBJECTS: 280 @entity1 with suspected @entity583 in perspective, controlled study with two parallel groups of consecutive @entity1 without contraindication for thrombolysis, who were seen by general emergency physicians before hospitalization (Gr.1) or later in hospital by the attending cardiologist (Gr.2). The main outcomes measured was mortality rate at 5 years, causes, number and duration of new hospitalizations. RESULTS: The median pain to needle time was 90' (25 degrees percentile:67'; 75 degrees percentile:165') in Gr.1 vs 165' in Gr.2 (25 degrees percentile:110'; 75 degrees percentile:225'). The median time difference was 75' (P<0.001). The 35th day total mortality rate was 7.5% and 10.6% (p:n.s.) in Gr.1 vs Gr.2 respectively, 8.6% (Gr.1) vs 19.7% (Gr.2) (P<0.015) at 1 year, and 19.2% (Gr.1) vs 47.2% (Gr.2) (P<0.015) at 5 years. The percentage of @entity1 with a number of new hospitalizations greater than 1 during 5 years was not significantly different in Gr.1 vs Gr.2 (44.1% vs 48.35, p:n.s.). The total duration of hospitalization was 479 days in Gr.1 vs 1431 days in Gr.2 (P<0.001). The 75 Gr.1 @entity1 alive at the end of 5 years follow up had a mean hospital stay of 3.86+/-5.92 days vs 8.05+/-16.60 days (P<0.036) of the 94 Gr.2 @entity1 alive after 5 years. The total and mean stay for recurrence of @entity697 was significantly different in Gr.1 vs Gr.2 (90 vs 425 days: P<0.001; and 13+/-6.2 days vs 25+/-5.4: P<0.003 respectively). @entity712 led to the 1.16% in Gr.1 vs 9.43% of new admission (P<0.028) for a total of 57 vs 243 days in Gr.1 and Gr.2 respectively (P<0.001). Cumulative mortality rate for any cause at 5 years was 19.2% and 47.2% in prehospital and in hospital treated @entity1 (P<0.015), obtaining diverging survival curves. CONCLUSIONS: The magnitude of the benefit from earlier thrombolysis is such that giving thrombolytic treatment earlier is the main problem to reduce the time from onset of symptoms to reperfusion, to salvage myocardial muscle and obtain diverging survival curves.

title: The magnitude of the benefit from preCCU thrombolysis in XXXX : a long term follow up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac failure']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: A diagnosis of @entity2521 progression is presently limited to clinical parameters such as @entity6730 and radiographic imaging. The aim of this multicenter study was to monitor disease progression in @entity1 with @entity7278 during a 24-mo follow-up program and to evaluate the amount of bacteria in saliva and corresponding IgG titers in serum for determining the diagnostic usefulness of each in indicating disease progression and stability. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 163 @entity1 with @entity7278 who received trimonthly follow-up care were observed for 24 mo. The clinical parameters and salivary content of @entity2523 , @entity3288 and @entity3841 were assessed using the modified Invader PLUS assay, and the corresponding serum IgG titers were measured using ELISA. The changes through 24 mo were analyzed using cut-off values calculated for each factor. One-way ANOVA or Fisher's exact test was used to perform between-group comparison for the data collected. Diagnostic values were calculated using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Of the 124 individuals who completed the 24-mo monitoring phase, 62 exhibited @entity2521 progression, whereas 62 demonstrated stable disease. Seven @entity1 withdrew because of @entity67074 . The ratio of @entity2523 to total bacteria and the combination of @entity2523 counts and IgG titers against @entity2523 were significantly related to the progression of @entity2521 . The combination of @entity2523 ratio and P. gingivalis IgG titers was significantly associated with the progression of @entity2521 (p = 0.001, sensitivity = 0.339, specificity = 0.790). CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that the combination of @entity2523 ratio in saliva and serum IgG titers against @entity2523 may be associated with the progression of @entity2521 .

title: Salivary pathogen and serum antibody to assess the progression of XXXX : a 24-mo prospective multicenter cohort study.

entities_list: @entity6730 :: ('MESH:D017622', 'Disease') :: ['attachment loss']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity3288 :: ('28131', 'Species') :: ['Prevotella intermedia']

entities_list: @entity67074 :: ('MESH:D010508', 'Disease') :: ['acute periodontal abscess']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity3841 :: ('714', 'Species') :: ['Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'P. gingivalis']

answer: @entity7278 :: (MESH:D055113,Disease) :: ['chronic periodontitis']


abstract: Congenital @entity886 are the cause of @entity472 in pediatric and younger adult populations. Despite being very rare, unicuspid aortic valves account for approximately 5% of isolated aortic valve replacements. @entity1 with @entity472 , present with the same symptomatology independent of leaflet morphology. However, the presence of bicuspid and unicuspid @entity472 is associated with a higher incidence of aortopathy, especially in @entity2689 @entity1 . @entity2689 , an X monosomy, is associated with @entity886 , aortopathy, and @entity101 . These risk factors lead to a higher incidence of @entity1580 in this population. @entity1 with @entity2689 and @entity472 that present for aortic valve replacement should therefore undergo extensive aortic imaging prior to surgery. Transthoracic echocardiography is the diagnostic tool of choice for valvular pathology, yet it can misdiagnose unicuspid aortic valves as @entity4503 due to certain similarities on imaging. Transesophageal echocardiography is a better tool for distinguishing between the two @entity340 , although diagnostic errors can still occur. We present a case of a 50-year-old female with history of @entity2689 and @entity4503 presenting for aortic valve replacement and ascending aorta replacement. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography revealed a stenotic unicommissural unicuspid aortic valve with an eccentric orifice, which was missed on preoperative imaging. This case highlights the importance of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in confirming preoperative findings, diagnosing further cardiac pathology, and ensuring adequate surgical repair.

title: Unicuspid Aortic Stenosis in a XXXX with Turner Syndrome: A Case Report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4503 :: ('MESH:C562388', 'Disease') :: ['bicuspid aortic stenosis', 'bicuspid valves']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve anomalies']

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ['Turner syndrome']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['premature aortic stenosis', 'aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the angiogenic profile of @entity1 @entity418 . The expression of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) was examined in 6 @entity418 cell lines and 119 @entity1 @entity418 tissues by Northern blot analysis and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Immunohistochemistry using antibodies against @entity2280 (endothelial cell specific) was carried out on archival specimens, and microvessels were quantitated by counting vessels in a x200 field in the most vascular area of the @entity5 . All of the cell lines constitutively expressed @entity7 mRNA at various levels. A total of 71 of 119 (59.7%) @entity5 showed intense @entity7 immunoreactivity in the cytoplasm of @entity5 cells. Vessel count was significantly higher in the @entity7 -positive @entity5 than it was in the @entity7 -negative @entity5 . @entity7 expression correlated with the depth of @entity5 invasion, @entity5 stage, venous invasion, and lymphatic invasion. The survival rate of @entity1 with high vessel density in the @entity5 was significantly worse than that of @entity1 with low vessel density in the @entity5 . There was a tendency for poorer prognosis in the group with @entity7 -positive @entity5 compared with that of the group with @entity7 -negative @entity5 . Overall, these results suggest that @entity7 is associated with @entity5 progression by stimulating angiogenesis in @entity1 @entity418 .

title: Significance of vessel count and @entity7 in XXXX @entity418 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinomas', 'esophageal carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The reported prevalence of @entity302 in @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is variable, probably due to the different methodological approaches. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to define the optimal electroencephalogram (EEG) settings for reliable detection of @entity302 in @entity195 @entity1 . METHODS: We analyzed 24-h EEGs of 5 @entity1 living with @entity195 and @entity302 . The sensitivity of various length EEGs in detecting @entity302 in different periods of the day, the diurnal distribution of the discharges, and their relation to sleep-stages were calculated. RESULTS: Significant high correlation was identified between the sensitivity of EEG and the length of recordings (r=0.972, p=0.005). The sensitivity of a 30-min EEG-epoch recorded between 8:00 and 16:00 was 0.0375 compared to 0.7 between 0:00 and 8:00 (p=0.005). The average sensitivity of an 8-h EEG-epoch was>= 0.8. 82% of @entity302 occurred during sleep, mainly related to non-REM sleep (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: 8-h awake-, or 1-h sleep-EEG provide sufficient sensitivity in detecting @entity302 in @entity195 . This needs to be considered in studies on @entity195 -related @entity302 . Recognizing @entity302 in @entity195 @entity1 is essential because it might compromise cognitive functions and accelerate the progression of the disease.

title: Sleep EEG Detects Epileptiform Activity in XXXX with High Sensitivity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'epileptiform activity', 'epileptiform discharges']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Only a handful of signaling pathways are major actors of development and responsible for both the conservation and the diversification of animal morphologies. To explain this twofold nature, gene duplication and enhancer evolution were predominantly put forth as tinkering mechanisms whereas the evolution of alternative isoforms has been, so far, overlooked. We investigate here the role of gain and loss of isoforms using @entity58643 , a gene of the Ecodysplasin pathway, implicated in morphological evolution. A previous study had suggested a scenario of @entity1017 and loss with an alternative isoform (A) newly gained in mammals but secondarily lost in @entity19 lineage. RESULTS: For a comprehensive view of A and B @entity58643 isoforms history during @entity1 evolution, we obtained sequences for both isoforms in representative mammals and performed in vitro translations to support functional predictions. We showed that the ancestral B isoform is well conserved, whereas the @entity1 -specific A isoform was lost at least 7 times independently in terminal lineages throughout @entity1 phylogeny. Then, to gain insights into the functional relevance of this evolutionary pattern, we compared the biological function of these isoforms: i) In cellulo promoter assays showed that they are transcribed from two alternative promoters, only B exhibiting feedback regulation. ii) RT-PCR in various tissues and ENCODE data suggested that B isoform is systematically expressed whereas A isoform showed a more tissue-specific expression. iii) Both isoforms activated the NF-kB pathway in an in cellulo reporter assay, albeit at different levels and with different dynamics since A isoform exhibited feedback regulation at the protein level. Finally, only B isoform could rescue a @entity3392 @entity69538 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the newly evolved A isoform enables modulating @entity22577 signaling in specific conditions and with different dynamics. We speculate that during @entity1 diversification, A isoform regulation may have evolved rapidly, accompanying and possibly supporting the diversity of ectodermal appendages, while B isoform may have ensured essential roles. This study makes the case to pay greater attention to mosaic loss of evolutionarily speaking "young" isoforms as an important mechanism underlying phenotypic diversity and not simply as a manifestation of neutral evolution.

title: Tinkering signaling pathways by gain and loss of protein isoforms: the case of the XXXX pathway regulator @entity58643 .

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['isoform gain']

answer: @entity22577 :: (1896,Gene) :: ['EDA']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Over the past decade, primary percutaneous mesenteric artery stenting (PMAS) has become an alternative to open revascularisation for treatment of @entity2913 . Institutes have presented favourable short-term outcomes after PMAS, but there is a lack of data on long-term stent patency. METHODS: One hundred and forty-one @entity1 treated by PMAS for acute and chronic @entity2913 over an 8 year period were studied. Anatomical success was assessed by duplex ultrasound and/or CT angiography. A stenosis >= 70% was considered to be a failure. RESULTS: Eighty-six coeliac arteries (CA) and 99 @entity6029 ( @entity6029 ) were treated with PMAS in 141 @entity1 . Nine CAs (10%) and 30 SMAs (30%) were occluded at the time of treatment. Median follow-up was 32 months (IQR 20-46). The overall primary patency rate at 12 and 60 months was 77.0% and 45.0%. The overall primary assisted patency rate was 90.3% and 69.8%. Overall secondary patency was 98.3% and 93.6%. CONCLUSION: This study shows excellent long-term secondary patencies after PMAS, comparable with published data on long-term patencies after open surgical revascularisation.

title: Long-Term Results of Endovascular Treatment of Atherosclerotic Stenoses or Occlusions of the Coeliac and Superior Mesenteric Artery in @entity1 With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2913 :: ('MESH:D008639', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity6029 :: ('MESH:D013478', 'Disease') :: ['SMA', 'superior mesenteric arteries']

answer: @entity2913 :: (MESH:D008639,Disease) :: ['Mesenteric Ischaemia']


abstract: We have performed a randomized, double-blind comparison of two epidural drug regimens for @entity1337 in labour. In the @entity1341 group (BUPIV), 101 healthy parturients received 0.1% @entity1341 with @entity3575 2 microg ml(-1). In the @entity1342 group (ROPIV), 102 @entity1 received 0.2% @entity1342 . Both groups received an initial loading dose of 15 ml, a continuous infusion of 8 ml h(-1), and top-ups of 10 ml. @entity158 not responding to a routine top-up was treated with an 'escape' top-up of 10 ml 0.25% @entity1341 . The two groups were compared for complete @entity1337 at 30 min, routine and 'escape' top-up requirements, midwife assessment of analgesic efficacy, delivery mode, @entity1 visual analogue scores (VAS) for first and second stage @entity1337 , overall satisfaction, and @entity1 assessment of motor blockade. @entity1 receiving @entity1342 received fewer routine top-ups (median 1.0 vs. 2.0, P=0.001) and fewer escape top-ups (9.8% vs. 21.8%, P=0.02). The @entity1342 group was more likely to be @entity158 free in the first stage (51% vs. 33.7%, P=0.01). There were no significant differences in @entity1 ' assessment of motor block or mode of delivery between the groups. @entity158 relief and satisfaction scores from midwives and @entity1 were consistently better in the @entity1342 group, but did not reach statistical significance.

title: @entity1342 0.2% versus XXXX 0.1% with @entity3575 : a double blind comparison for @entity1337 during labour.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Breakthrough pain', 'Pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: @entity8 is a common complication of @entity1 with advanced @entity82 and is associated with poor prognosis. @entity1 with advanced @entity82 show @entity1457 characterized by reduced systemic vascular resistance due to splanchnic arterial vasodilation, which is caused by portal @entity101 . The progressive reduction in systemic vascular resistance leads to effective arterial @entity3485 . In order to maintain arterial pressure within normal limits in this setting, there is activation of systemic vasoconstrictor systems, including the renin-angiotensin- @entity1369 system, sympathetic nervous system and, in late stages, nonosmotic hypersecretion of @entity3488 . Although these systems have positive effects in maintaining arterial pressure, they have a negative influence on kidney function, leading to the retention of @entity1372 and solute-free water, and in late stages of the disease an intense kidney vasoconstriction develops, leading to decrease of the glomerular filtration rate and the development of @entity3182 ( @entity3182 ). Moreover, bacterial translocation and the existence of a systemic inflammatory state in @entity1 with advanced @entity82 may play a role in the impairment of circulatory function. @entity3182 is a unique cause of @entity177 of functional origin that develops in @entity1 with @entity82 . However, besides @entity3182 , @entity1 with @entity82 may develop @entity177 due to other causes, including @entity2348 , prerenal @entity177 , shock, use of nephrotoxic drugs or intrinsic @entity8 . Considering the existence of @entity1457 and some degree of kidney vasoconstriction, @entity1 with advanced @entity82 have @entity8 and are susceptible to easily developing @entity177 associated with other @entity66 , particularly @entity2348 and @entity360 .    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Challenges and Management of Liver @entity82 : Pathophysiology of @entity8 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney diseases', 'fragile kidney function', 'Kidney dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3182 :: ('MESH:D006530', 'Disease') :: ['HRS', 'hepatorenal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['complications of the disease']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['kidney failure']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemia']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['Cirrhosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Diffuse @entity356 is a relatively rare entity, and gastric ablative procedures are traditionally recommended for it. We emphasize the importance of preservation of a cicatrized stomach and describe its augmentation using a segment of transverse colon. CASE REPORT AND PROCEDURE: A young female with a history of corrosive acid ingestion presented to our surgical unit with nonbilious @entity391 following meals, consistent weight loss and features of @entity1084 . A barium study revealed a small-capacity stomach with pyloric stricture. We planned to augment the stomach capacity by using a segment of transverse colon. After documentation of a normal colon by barium examination, a 15-cm segment of transverse colon was harvested based on middle colic artery. This vascularized patch of bowel was united with the stomach that was opened up by a longitudinal incision made along the body. RESULT AND FINDING: A barium study on the tenth postoperative day revealed a good capacity and contour of the stomach and free entry of Barium into the small intestine. The @entity1 is tolerating a normal meal and has no @entity391 . At 3 months follow-up, the @entity1 had a normal stomach radiologically and endoscopically, with a weight gain of 7 kg. CONCLUSIONS: Augmentation of @entity356 by a segment of transverse colon is an innovative, practical, and useful procedure, although long-term results are awaited.

title: Augmentation gastroplasty using a segment of transverse colon for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1084 :: ('MESH:D017219', 'Disease') :: ['gastric outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['corrosive gastric stricture']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['corrosive gastric stricture']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of urinary neutrophil gelatinase- associated lipocalin (uNGAL) in @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ) as an early biomarker for contrast induced @entity810 (CI-AKI) and to investigate whether @entity1 with an uNGAL increase might benefit from an additional intravenous volume expansion with regard to CI-AKI-incidence. We performed a prospective randomized controlled trial in 617 @entity740 - @entity1 undergoing intra-arterial angiography. Urinary @entity15901 was measured the day before and 4-6hrs after angiography. In the event of a significant rise of uNGAL @entity1 were randomized either into Group A, who received intravenous saline post procedure or Group B, who did not receive post-procedural i.v. fluids. Ten @entity1 (1.62%) exhibited a significant rise of uNGAL after angiography and were randomized of whom one developed a CI-AKI. In the entire cohort the incidence of CI-AKI was 9.4% (58 @entity1 ) resulting in a specificity of 98.4% (95% CI: 97.0-99.3%) and a sensitivity of 1.72% (95% CI: 0.044-9.2%) of uNGAL for the diagnosis of CI-AKI. In this study uNGAL failed to predict CI-AKI and was an inadequate triage tool to guide an early intervention strategy to prevent CI-AKI. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01292317.

title: XXXX ( @entity15901 ) fails as an early predictor of contrast induced nephropathy in @entity740 (ANTI-CI-AKI study).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

answer: @entity15901 :: (3934,Gene) :: ['Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may guide @entity0 surgery by measuring @entity41 size post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Accurate measurement may avoid overly radical surgery or reduce the need for repeat surgery. This individual @entity1 data (IPD) meta-analysis examines MRI's agreement with pathology in measuring the longest @entity5 diameter and compares MRI with alternative tests. METHODS: A systematic review of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PREMEDLINE, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Heath Technology Assessment, and Cochrane databases identified eligible studies. Primary study authors supplied IPD in a template format constructed a priori. Mean differences (MDs) between tests and pathology (i.e. systematic bias) were calculated and pooled by the inverse variance method; limits of agreement (LOA) were estimated. Test measurements of 0.0  cm in the presence of pathologic @entity41 , and measurements >0.0  cm despite pathologic complete response (pCR) were described for MRI and alternative tests. RESULTS: Eight studies contributed IPD (N   =   300). The pooled @entity601 for MRI was 0.0  cm (LOA: +/-3.8  cm). Ultrasound underestimated pathologic size ( @entity601 : -0.3  cm) relative to MRI ( @entity601 : 0.1  cm), with comparable LOA. MDs were similar for MRI (0.1  cm) and mammography (0.0  cm), with wider LOA for mammography. Clinical examination underestimated size ( @entity601 : -0.8  cm) relative to MRI ( @entity601 : 0.0  cm), with wider LOA. @entity5 "missed" by MRI typically measured 2.0  cm or less at pathology; @entity5 >2.0  cm were more commonly "missed" by clinical examination (9.3  %). MRI measurements >5.0  cm occurred in 5.3  % of @entity1 with pCR, but were more frequent for mammography (46.2  %). CONCLUSIONS: There was no systematic bias in @entity5 measurement, but LOA are large enough to be clinically important. MRI's performance was generally superior to ultrasound, mammography, and clinical examination, and it may be considered the most appropriate test in this setting. Test combinations should be explored in future studies.

title: Agreement between MRI and pathologic XXXX size after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and comparison with alternative tests: individual @entity1 data meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'MRI tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: Data were reviewed addressing the association between radiation therapy (RT) dose and treatment outcome for @entity263 to help clarify the existence of a potential dose-response relationship. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Articles were identified through the MEDLINE database, CancerLit database, and reference lists of relevant articles. Studies were categorized into four groups based upon the endpoint analyzed, including biochemical control (BC), local control (LC), pathologic control (PC), and cause-specific survival (CSS). The impact of increasing RT dose with each endpoint was recorded. RESULTS: Twenty-two trials involving a total of 11,297 @entity1 were identified. Of the 11 trials addressing the association of RT dose with LC, 9 showed statistically significant improvements. Of the 12 trials that reported BC with RT dose, all showed statistically significant improvements. Two out of 4 studies analyzing PC with increasing dose showed a positive correlation. Finally, 3 out of 9 studies addressing RT dose with CSS showed statistically significant improvements. Despite inconclusive results, @entity1 with poor risk features (e.g., @entity1486 [PSA] > or = 10, Gleason score [GS] > or = 7, or @entity5 stage > or = T2b) were most likely to benefit from increasing dose with respect to each endpoint. However, the optimal RT dose and the magnitude of benefit of dose escalation could not be identified. CONCLUSIONS: Although RT dose appears to correlate with various measures of treatment outcome, objective, high-quality data addressing this critical issue are still lacking. At the present time, the absolute improvement in outcome due to dose escalation, the subset of @entity1 benefitting most, and the optimal dose remain to be defined.

title: Defining a dose-response relationship with radiotherapy for XXXX : is more really better?

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Using MRI surface morphometry mapping, to evaluate local deformations of the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, and entorhinal cortex in predicting conversion from @entity73 ( @entity73 ) to @entity195 ( @entity195 ). METHODS: Baseline brain MRI with surface morphological analysis was performed in 130 outpatients with @entity73 , broadly defined, and 61 healthy controls followed for an average of 4 years in a single site study. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity73 differed from controls in several regions of the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, and to a lesser extent in the parahippocampal gyrus. In the @entity73 sample, Cox regression models were conducted for time to conversion comparing converters to @entity195 (n=31) and non-converters (n=99), controlling for age, sex and education. Converters showed greater atrophy in the head of the hippocampus, predominantly in the @entity1399 region and subiculum, and in the entorhinal cortex, especially in the anterior-inferior pole bilaterally. When distances of specific points representing localized inward deformation were entered together with the corresponding hippocampal or entorhinal cortex volume in the same Cox regression model, the distances remained highly significant whereas the volumes of the corresponding structures were either marginally significant or not significant. Inclusion of cognitive or memory measures or @entity2204 genotype as covariates, or restricting the sample to @entity1 with @entity73 (24 converters and 81 non-converters) did not materially change the findings. In the 3-year follow-up sample of @entity1 with @entity73 , logistic regression analyses using the same measures and covariates yielded similar results. INTERPRETATION: These findings indicate selective early involvement of the @entity1399 and subiculum regions of the hippocampus and provide new information on early anterior pole involvement in the entorhinal cortex in incipient @entity195 . Fine-grained surface morphometry of medial temporal lobe structures may be superior to volumetric assessment in predicting conversion to @entity195 in @entity1 clinically diagnosed with @entity73 .

title: MRI hippocampal and entorhinal cortex mapping in predicting conversion to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein E   4']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['MCI', 'mild cognitive impairment', 'amnestic MCI']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: Between 1990 and 1996 at the Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical Academy in Wroc  aw 34 @entity1 with groin @entity439 were operated. All @entity1 had aorto-bifemoral graft implantation before. The age range between 41 and 81 years. Among @entity1 there were 4 @entity1 and 30 @entity1 . The diagnosis of groin @entity439 was based on physical and ultrasound examination. In each case scintigraphy with 99Tc labeled leukocytes was performed. Scintigraphic picture showed @entity281 in eight (23.5%) @entity1 (group I). In 26 (76.5%) cases (group II) there was no infection on scintigraphy. In group I all @entity1 were operated-the infected graft was excised and then implantation of straight PTFE or venous by-pass "in situ" was performed. In group II all @entity1 were also operated, but through the groin approach only -in 9 cases reconstruction of the anastomosis between graft and artery was done and in 17 cases PTFE by-pass was performed. In group I the results of the treatment were good in 6 cases; in remaining two @entity1 the amputation of the leg had to be done. In group II the results of the operation was good in 24 cases and 2 @entity1 had amputation of the leg. CONCLUSION: Scintigraphy with 99Tc labeled leukocytes is beneficial in the diagnosis of @entity5880 after previous vascular reconstruction.

title: [Radioisotopic diagnosis of infected anastomotic groin XXXX after complications with aorto-bifemoral vascular prosthesis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['graft infection']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity5880 :: ('MESH:D000785', 'Disease') :: ['infected groin aneurysms']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The staging of @entity14 using 3 modalities viz operative, histopathology and CT scan has been subject of interest in accurately defining the extent of disease. This retrospective as well as prospective study was carried out at CMC, Ludhiana, Punjab from November 2011 to May 2014. AIM: The objective of this study was to assess the usefulness and accuracy of CT scan findings to state the extent and spread of @entity14 and to correlate these findings with histopathological diagnosis. METHOD: A total of 31 biopsy proven @entity1 showing variable bowel wall thickening involving the colon /rectum on CECT (Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography) were included in the study. The @entity5 were staged based on the CT scan findings and were compared with the operative and histopathological findings. OBSERVATIONS: Rectum was the most common site of involvement followed by the recto-sigmoid involvement. @entity3 was observed in 5 cases out of the 31 malignant cases. Five of the 7 cases were correctly staged as T1 _ T2 lesions on CT having a sensitivity of 83.3%, specificity of 92%, and positive predictive value of 71.4% and a negative predictive value of 95.8% in the diagnosis of T1 and T2 lesions. 15 of the 16 cases were correctly staged as @entity75 . CT had a sensitivity of 88.2%, specificity of 93.8%, and positive predictive value of 93.8% and a negative predictive value of 86.7% in the diagnosis of @entity75 . All the 8 cases were correctly staged as @entity75 . CT had a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 100%, and positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 100% in the diagnosis of @entity75 . CONCLUSION: We conclude that CT scan is an excellent modality in diagnosing @entity1049 .

title: Comparative analysis of XXXX staging using operative, histopathology and computed tomography findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['T3 lesions', 'T4 lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastasis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lesions of the colon and rectum']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Minority @entity1 with @entity5 experience worse control of their @entity158 than do their white counterparts. This disparity may, in part, reflect more miscommunication between minority @entity1 and their physicians. Therefore, we examined whether @entity1 @entity15285 could reduce disparities in @entity158 control in a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. METHODS: Sixty-seven English-speaking @entity5 outpatients, including 15 minorities, with moderate @entity158 over the prior 2 weeks were randomly assigned to the experimental (N = 34) or control group (N = 33). Experimental @entity1 received a 20-minute individualized education and @entity15285 session to increase knowledge of @entity158 self-management, to redress personal misconceptions about @entity158 treatment, and to rehearse an individually scripted @entity1 -physician dialog about @entity158 control. The control group received standardized information on controlling @entity158 . Data on average @entity158 (0-10 scale) were collected at enrollment and 2-week follow-up. RESULTS: At enrollment, minority @entity1 had significantly more @entity158 than their white counterparts (6.0 vs 5.0, P = 0.05). At follow-up, minorities in the control group continued to have more @entity158 (6.4 vs 4.7, P = 0.01), whereas in the experimental group, disparities were eliminated (4.0 vs 4.3, P = 0.71). The effect of the intervention on reducing disparities was significant (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 @entity15285 offers promise as a means of reducing racial/ethnic disparities in @entity158 control. Larger studies are needed to validate these findings and to explore possible mechanisms.

title: Can @entity1 @entity15285 reduce racial/ethnic disparities in XXXX control? Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['adult cancer', 'cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer pain']


abstract: Two clinical @entity5132 isolates that exhibited high-level resistance to @entity8201 and modest decreases in susceptibility to @entity2379 were cultured from unrelated @entity1 . Both isolates harbored homozygous nonsense mutations in @entity29945 , which encodes an enzyme, @entity5068 @entity846 ,6-desaturase, involved in @entity12364 synthesis. Extraction and analysis of the @entity3150 from both isolates confirmed the absence of @entity5068 @entity846 ,6-desaturase activity. Although the loss of @entity5068 @entity846 ,6-desaturase activity is known to confer resistance to @entity8201 , this mechanism of resistance has rarely been seen in clinical isolates, suggesting that such mutants are at a competitive disadvantage. To test this hypothesis, the virulence of the @entity29945 mutants was assayed by using a @entity19 @entity281 model. The mutants were significantly less virulent than the wild-type comparator strains. However, the kidney fungal burdens in @entity19 infected with the @entity29945 mutants were similar to those in @entity19 infected with the wild-type strains. Similar results were obtained by using a laboratory-generated homozygous @entity29945 deletion mutant (D. Sanglard et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 47:2404-2412, 2003). Reintroduction of a wild-type @entity29945 allele into the homozygous deletion mutant restored virulence, @entity12364 synthesis, and susceptibility to @entity8201 , confirming that these phenotypic changes were solely due to the inactivation of @entity29945 .

title: Inactivation of @entity5068 @entity846 ,6-desaturase attenuates virulence in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity846 :: ('|DEL||5', 'DNAMutation') :: ['Delta5']

entities_list: @entity12364 :: ('MESH:D004875', 'Chemical') :: ['ergosterol']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['systemic infection']

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Natural fluctuations of sex hormones during the menstrual cycle have been shown to modulate language lateralisation. Using the dichotic listening (DL) paradigm, a well-established measurement of language lateralisation, several studies revealed that the left hemispheric language dominance was stronger when levels of @entity53 were high. A recent study (Hjelmervik et al., 2012) showed, however, that high levels of follicular @entity53 increased lateralisation only in a condition that required @entity1 to cognitively control (top-down) the stimulus-driven (bottom-up) response. This finding suggested that sex hormones modulate lateralisation only if cognitive control demands are high. The present study investigated language lateralisation in 73 normally cycling @entity1 under three attention conditions that differed in cognitive control demands. Saliva @entity53 and @entity1420 levels were determined by luminescence immunoassays. @entity1 were allocated to a high or low @entity53 group. The results showed a reduced language lateralisation when @entity53 and @entity1420 levels were high. The effect was independent of the attention condition indicating that @entity53 marginally affected cognitive control. The findings might suggest that high levels of @entity53 especially reduce the stimulus-driven (bottom-up) aspect of lateralisation rather than top-down cognitive control.

title: Sex hormones affect language lateralisation but not cognitive control in normally cycling XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of temporary ovarian suppression with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists (LHRHa) in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced @entity11157 ( @entity11157 ) is still controversial. Our meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) investigates whether the use of LHRHa during chemotherapy in @entity0 @entity1 reduces treatment-related @entity11157 rate, increases pregnancy rate, and impacts disease-free survival (DFS). METHODS: A literature search using PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, and the proceedings of major conferences, was conducted up to 30 April 2015. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for @entity11157 (i.e. @entity11157 by study definition, and @entity11157 defined as @entity2588 1 year after chemotherapy completion) and for @entity1 with pregnancy, as well hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CI for DFS, were calculated for each trial. Pooled analysis was carried out using the fixed- and random-effects models. RESULTS: A total of 12 RCTs were eligible including 1231 @entity0 @entity1 . The use of LHRHa was associated with a significant reduced risk of @entity11157 (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.23-0.57; P < 0.001), yet with significant heterogeneity (I(2) = 47.1%, Pheterogeneity = 0.026). In eight studies reporting @entity2588 rates 1 year after chemotherapy completion, the addition of LHRHa reduced the risk of @entity11157 (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.41-0.73, P < 0.001) without heterogeneity (I(2) = 0.0%, Pheterogeneity = 0.936). In five studies reporting pregnancies, more @entity1 treated with LHRHa achieved pregnancy (33 versus 19 @entity1 ; OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.02-3.28, P = 0.041; I(2) = 0.0%, Pheterogeneity = 0.629). In three studies reporting DFS, no difference was observed (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.49-2.04, P = 0.939; I(2) = 68.0%, Pheterogeneity = 0.044). CONCLUSION: Temporary ovarian suppression with LHRHa in young @entity0 @entity1 is associated with a reduced risk of chemotherapy-induced @entity11157 and seems to increase the pregnancy rate, without an apparent negative consequence on prognosis.

title: Ovarian suppression using luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists during chemotherapy to preserve ovarian function and fertility of XXXX @entity1 : a meta-analysis of randomized studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity11157 :: ('MESH:D016649', 'Disease') :: ['POF', 'premature ovarian failure']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'premenopausal breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate the spectrum of copy number variants (CNVs) in fetuses with isolated @entity299 ( @entity4297 ), and analyze genetic content. METHODS: Between 2003 and 2012, 200 fetuses were identified with left sided CHD. Exclusion criteria were chromosomal rearrangements, 22q11.2 microdeletion and/or extra-cardiac @entity600 (n=64). We included cases with additional minor anomalies (n=39), such as single umbilical artery. In 54 of 136 eligible cases, stored material was available for array analysis. CNVs were categorized as either (likely) benign, (likely) pathogenic or of unknown significance. RESULTS: In 18 of the 54 isolated left sided @entity4297 we found 28 rare CNVs (prevalence 33%, average 1.6 @entity471 per @entity1 size 10.6kb - 2.2Mb). Our interpretation yielded clinically significant CNVs in 2 of 54 cases (4%) and variants of unknown significance in 3 other cases (6%). CONCLUSIONS: In left sided @entity4297 that appear isolated, with normal chromosome analysis and 22q11.2 FISH analysis, array analysis detects clinically significant CNVs. When counselling parents of a fetus with a left sided CHD it must be taken into consideration that aside from the cardiac characteristics, the presence of extra-cardiac @entity600 and @entity2008 influence the treatment plan and prognosis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: XXXX variations in fetal @entity299 .

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['left sided congenital heart defects']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities']

answer: @entity2008 :: (MESH:D002869,Disease) :: ['Chromosomal abnormalities and copy number']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report on significant dose enhancement effects caused by magnetic fields aligned parallel to 6 MV photon beam radiotherapy of @entity151 . Findings are applicable to future inline MRI-guided radiotherapy systems. METHODS: A total of eight clinical @entity2 cases were recalculated using Monte Carlo methods, and external magnetic fields of 0.5, 1.0, and 3 T were included to observe the impact on dose to the planning target volume ( @entity343 ) and gross @entity5 volume (GTV). Three plans were 6 MV 3D-CRT plans while 6 were 6 MV IMRT. The GTV's ranged from 0.8 to 16 cm(3), while the @entity343 's ranged from 1 to 59 cm(3). In addition, the dose changes in a 30 cm diameter cylindrical water phantom were investigated for small beams. The central 20 cm of this phantom contained either water or lung density insert. RESULTS: For single beams, an inline magnetic field of 1 T has a small impact in lung dose distributions by reducing the lateral scatter of secondary electrons, resulting in a small dose increase along the beam. Superposition of multiple small beams leads to significant dose enhancements. Clinically, this process occurs in the lung tissue typically surrounding the GTV, resulting in increases to the D98% ( @entity343 ). Two @entity5 with very small PTVs (3 and 6 cm(3)) showed increases in D98% of 23% and 22%. Larger PTVs of 13, 26, and 59 cm(3) had increases of 9%, 6%, and 4%, describing a natural fall-off in enhancement with increasing @entity343 size. However, three PTVs bounded to the lung wall showed no significant increase, due to lack of dose enhancement in the denser @entity343 volume. In general, at 0.5 T, the GTV mean dose enhancement is around 60% lower than that at 1 T, while at 3 T, it is 5%-60% higher than 1 T. CONCLUSIONS: Monte Carlo methods have described significant and predictable dose enhancement effects in small @entity2 plans for 6 MV radiotherapy when an external inline magnetic field is included. Results of this study indicate that future clinical inline MRI-guided radiotherapy systems will be able to deliver a dosimetrically superior treatment to small ( @entity343 < 15 cm(3)), isolated @entity2 over non-MRI-Linac systems. This increased efficacy coincides with the reimbursement in the United States of lung CT screening and the likely rapid growth in the number of @entity1 with @entity151 to be treated with radiotherapy.

title: Dose enhancement in radiotherapy of XXXX using inline magnetic fields: A Monte Carlo based planning study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'isolated tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors', 'lung tumor']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small lung tumors']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small lung tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: The Activities of Daily Vision Scale (ADVS) has been extensively validated by traditional methodology. In the current study, Rasch analysis was used to explore further the validity of the ADVS and to determine whether improvements could be made. METHODS: Forty-three @entity1 with @entity231 underwent visual acuity (VA) and contrast sensitivity (CS) testing and completed the ADVS. The data were Rasch analyzed and the value of response scale and item reduction explored. A shortened version and the original ADVS were tested for criterion validity by determining correlations with VA and CS. RESULTS: The ADVS data contained abnormally distributed items and items with ceiling effects and empty response categories. Therefore, items benefited from shortening the response scale, the optimum length being three responses. There was poor targeting of item difficulty to @entity1 ability, because many @entity1 with @entity231 were sufficiently able that they had no difficulty with many activities. Items were eliminated if the task was too easy or did not fit with the overall concept of @entity227 determined by the Rasch model. A reduced ADVS version was established that had adequate precision, equivalent criterion validity, and improved targeting of item difficulty to @entity1 ability, but this version was still not ideal. CONCLUSIONS: Despite careful traditional validation, the ADVS data contained inadequacies exposed by Rasch analysis. Through @entity2653 , particularly with response scale reduction, the ADVS can be improved, but additional questions seem to be needed to suit the more able, including @entity1 undergoing second eye @entity231 surgery. There remains a need to develop Rasch-scaled measures of @entity227 for use in ophthalmic outcomes research.

title: The Activities of Daily Vision Scale for XXXX surgery outcomes: re-evaluating validity with Rasch analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual disability']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['Rasch scaling']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In order to study @entity4990 ( @entity4991 ) signaling associated with type  1 @entity1204 ( @entity1204 ), we evaluated the @entity4991 receptors (LPARs), @entity23927 ( @entity23927 ) and @entity3900 ( @entity3900 ) expression in @entity1204 and normal endometrium with correlation to clinicopathological features. We investigated @entity25068 , @entity42659 , @entity45232 , @entity68176 , @entity23927 and @entity3900 expression at mRNA and protein levels using quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analyses in 37  ECs and 10  normal endometria. All the examined LPARs (except for @entity45232 protein), @entity23927 and @entity3900 were overexpressed in cancerous compared to healthy endometrium. The studied ECs showed the highest @entity42659 and @entity25068 expression. Statistically positive correlations were found between depth of myoinvasion and levels of @entity25068 , @entity42659 and @entity3900 transcripts and proteins. We also found positive correlations between @entity25068 , @entity42659 , @entity68176 and @entity3900 expression with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage. The expression of @entity25068 , @entity42659 and @entity3900 was positively associated with the age of @entity1 . Positive correlations were found between the expression of @entity25068 mRNA, @entity42659 mRNA and protein and @entity45232 mRNA and body mass index (BMI) of the examined @entity1 . We found no association between the expression levels of the studied factors and @entity6 or @entity101 among the examined @entity1 . Owing to the highest @entity42659 and @entity25068 expression in @entity1204 and positive correlations of these two receptors with the depth of myoinvasion and the FIGO stage, we believe that @entity42659 and @entity25068 show promise as predictors of the @entity1204 progression as well as the main receptors responsible for @entity4991 action in the @entity1204 tissue.

title: The significance of the altered expression of @entity4990 receptors, XXXX and @entity3900 as the potential biomarkers in type  1 @entity1204 biology.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'EC']

entities_list: @entity4990 :: ('MESH:C032881', 'Chemical') :: ['lysophosphatidic acid']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity23927 :: (5168,Gene) :: ['autotaxin']


abstract: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) is a disease with intra- and inter- @entity5 heterogeneity, and models representing the complete variety of clinical @entity0 phenotypes are not available. We explored the @entity5 growth potential and metastatic behavior of @entity1 @entity0 cell lines and determined whether these cell lines can recapitulate subtype-related biological characteristics of @entity5 . Eighteen @entity1 @entity0 cell lines were implanted under the mammary fat pad of @entity19 . Subtype-specific differences in @entity5 growth, metastatic ability to distant sites, and @entity5 -related survival of @entity19 were recorded. Eighty-nine percent of the cell lines gave rise to xenografts of which 56  % showed @entity3 to distant sites. A clear difference was observed in growth of xenografts from cell lines of different molecular subtypes (P  =  0.001; Kruskal-Wallis test). @entity19 bearing the basal-like and the normal-like xenografts showed poor @entity5 -related survival (HR: 10.50; P  =  0.002 and HR: 9.89; P  =  0.003, respectively) compared with those bearing the @entity7171 -positive xenografts, which had the longest survival. Subtype-specific @entity3 to distant sites between xenografts was not however observed. Comparable to clinical behavior in @entity1 , we observed that the basal-like and the normal-like cell lines grew more aggressively in @entity19 than the cell lines of other molecular subtypes. However, in contrast to clinical findings, we observed no relationships between intrinsic subtype and preferences for site of relapse. Importantly, we have established xenograft models from 16 phenotypically and molecularly diverse @entity1 @entity0 cell lines, which can be exploited as useful tools to perform functional studies and screening of interfering drugs.

title: Growth and metastatic behavior of molecularly well-characterized XXXX @entity0 cell lines in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'nude mice', 'Mice']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']