abstract: OBJECTIVE: We aim to expose our experience in the surgical correction of stress @entity322 (SUI) and to analyze the possible factors that could modify the outputs of this type of surgery. METHODS: We have studied 114 @entity1 who underwent surgery (60 Raz, 36 Burch, and 18 vaginal wall sling), with a mean follow-up time of 10.5 months. RESULTS: We have not succeeded in demonstrating that preoperative factors such as age, irritative voiding symptoms; history of prior hysterectomy or urethropexia, @entity16 , @entity6 or recurrent @entity293 ; the finding of cistocele, a positive Bonney-Marchetti test or bladder unstability, play any role in the outputs. The failure rate was 16.7% for vaginal wall sling procedure, 35% Raz, and 33.3% Burch. "Survival" analysis did not demonstrate differences related to the procedure or the surgeon. We discovered and important decrease of continence rate with time from the intervention. Higher incidence of @entity282 , urinary retention and greater residual urine were detected with transvaginal procedures. There was no difference in the incidence of @entity2737 . CONCLUSIONS: We don't believe that the selection of candidates for this type of surgery should be carried out in base to the above mentioned preoperative factors. Also, we observed a consistent decrease of postoperative continence with time. Finally, we have detected a greater incidence of complications after transvaginal procedures.

title: [Comparative analysis of various techniques for the repair of stress @entity322 in XXXX . Review of our experience].

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disease']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infection']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: In acute stage of @entity385 , the surrounding zone of fresh @entity1188 is termed penumbra, where microglia are activated in response to damaged cell-derived proinflammatory mediators. Rescuing penumbra by regulating inflammatory activity would minimize @entity1188 volume, which positively correlates with functional outcome. To elucidate mechanisms by which inflammation occurs in penumbra, we performed immunohistochemical investigations using autopsied @entity1 brains affected by acute, subacute and chronic stages of @entity385 as well as cell culture experiments using a @entity19 microglia-derived cell line (BV-2). In penumbra of fresh @entity1188 , immunoreactivity for @entity35011 ( @entity35011 ), which is responsible for the production and release of the proinflammatory mediator @entity6579 ( @entity15002 ), was intensely detected in neurons and astrocytes. Furthermore, immunoreactivities for the LPC receptors G protein-coupled receptor 132 ( @entity47112 ) and P2X purinoreceptor 7 (P2X7R), as well as the CC chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 ( @entity2842 ) and its receptor @entity9172 , were detectable in activated microglia. Prior to cell culture experiments, it was confirmed that BV-2 cells were immunoreactive for ionized @entity141 -binding adaptor molecule 1 ( @entity11654 ), @entity47112 , P2X7R, @entity2842 and @entity9172 . Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that @entity2842 and @entity9172 mRNA expression levels were significantly increased by LPC stimulation. The LPC-driven increase in @entity2842 transcripts was lowered by blockade of @entity47112 or P2X7R or by inhibition of Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) or inhibitor of kBa kinase. The LPC-driven increase in @entity9172 transcripts was lowered by blockade of @entity47112 or P2X7R or by inhibition of ROCK, phosphatidylinositide 3-kinanse, extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase, or @entity1435 mitogen-activated protein kinase. The present results provide in vivo and in vitro evidence that in acute stage of @entity385 , the @entity35011 enzyme product LPC is released from neurons and astrocytes and stimulates penumbra microglia via @entity47112 and P2X7R, thereby exerting the @entity2842 / @entity9172 -mediated @entity2359 through distinct cell-signaling pathways.

title: Activated microglia in XXXX penumbra upregulate @entity2842 and @entity9172 expression in response to @entity6579 derived from adjacent neurons and astrocytes.

entities_list: @entity6579 :: ('MESH:D008244', 'Chemical') :: ['lysophosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity35011 :: ('8399', 'Gene') :: ['secretory phospholipase A2 group X', 'sPLA2 -X']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: The effects of the nitrovasodilator, @entity4627 , on intraocular pressure (IOP) and ciliary vascular tone were compared. IOP was measured in the @entity291 isolated eye that was perfused via the ciliary artery. Separately, vasodilator effects were assessed after raising the vascular tone using @entity1063 (10 microM). @entity7462 formation (AHF) rate was estimated by a @entity941 dilution method. @entity8262 in the ciliary processes was measured by radioimmunoassay. When compared with controls, @entity4627 (10 nmole bolus dose) was found to lower IOP (2.2 +/- 0.3 mm Hg; P < 0.01) via a reduction in AHF (12.19 +/- 0.26 microl/min to 6.36 +/- 0.53 microl/min; P < 0.001). @entity2769 (1 micromole) also reduced ciliary vascular resistance (81.0 +/- 5.5%; P < 0.01). However, the drug was 20x more potent as an ocular @entity551 than as a vasodilator (ED50 0.28 nmole on IOP, 5.55 nmole on vascular effect). @entity2769 (10 nmole) also increased levels of ciliary @entity8262 (127 +/- 17 fmol/mg protein to 233 +/- 27 fmol/mg protein; P < 0.01). The IOP-lowering effect of @entity2769 does not appear to depend on its ability to activate guanylyl cyclase (GC) in vascular smooth muscle, but rather is likely a consequence of direct activation of ciliary epithelial GC.

title: Intraocular pressure and vascular effects of @entity4627 in XXXX perfused eye.

entities_list: @entity2769 :: ('CHEBI:40910', 'Chemical') :: ['azide', 'Azide']

entities_list: @entity4627 :: ('MESH:D019810', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium azide']

entities_list: @entity7462 :: ('MESH:C562390', 'Disease') :: ['Aqueous humor']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity8262 :: ('MESH:D006152', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclic GMP', 'cyclic GMP']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 8512 Background: In Phase I/II studies, T and the combination of T+C each demonstrated promising activity against recurrent @entity521 , so a randomized study was performed. METHODS: Eligible @entity1 were <21 yrs with @entity66 at first recurrence after a first regimen of aggressive chemotherapy. 73 @entity1 had prior stem cell transplants. 13 @entity1 received "therapeutic window" @entity5532 for 3-6 weeks as part of the study. T+C received T 0.75mg/m2+C 250mg/m2+ @entity9614 150 mg/m2 daily*5d q21d. T received T 2.4mg/m2/d*5d q21d. Best response according to the International @entity521 Response Criteria was analyzed in a two-stage sequential design. In the calculation of time to @entity74 , @entity1 taken off study for stem cell transplant, refusal, or unrelated @entity204 were censored at that time. RESULTS: Target accrual 118, accrual 123, eligible 119 @entity1 (1996-2001). @entity137 was the same in both arms. @entity5532 had no effect on outcome. There were 11 (19%) CR+PR on T, 18 (31%) on T+C; 19 (32%) CR+PR+MR on T, 26 (45%) on T+C. At least eight more responders in T+C than in T were required by the two-stage design in order to conclude superiority of T+C; with only seven, there is insufficient evidence to reach such a conclusion. For both EFS and S treatment comparisons, the curves were not significantly different. However, the time to disease progression was significantly longer for T+C. The 2-year Progression-Free Survival rates (+/- standard error) were 16%+/-6% (T) vs. 36%+/-9% (T+C), p=0.0379. CONCLUSIONS: There is a trend toward better results with T+C than T. Incorporation of the combination into front line treatment plans deserves further exploration. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Recurrent XXXX : Randomized treatment with topotecan + cyclophosphamide (T+C) vs. topotecan alone(T). A POG/CCG Intergroup Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Hematopoietic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5532 :: ('MESH:D003676', 'Chemical') :: ['deferoxamine', 'Deferoxamine']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['evaluable disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma', 'Neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an increasingly common treatment for @entity1 with a range of @entity74 . Conditioning with cytotoxic chemotherapy and total body irradiation leaves @entity1 severely immunocompromised. T-cell reconstitution can take several years due to delayed restoration of thymic output. Understanding T-cell reconstitution in @entity1 is complicated by normal immune system maturation, heterogeneous diagnoses, and sparse uneven sampling due to the long time spans involved. We describe here a mechanistic mathematical model for @entity404 T-cell immune reconstitution following pediatric transplantation. Including relevant biology and using mixed-effects modelling allowed the factors affecting reconstitution to be identified. Bayesian predictions for the long-term reconstitution trajectories of individual @entity1 were then obtained using early post-transplant data. The model was developed using data from 288 @entity1 ; its predictive ability validated on data from a further 75 @entity1 , with long-term reconstitution predicted accurately in 81% of @entity1 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Predicting XXXX T-cell reconstitution following paediatric haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['haematological disorders']

answer: @entity404 :: (920,Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity11755 ( @entity11755 ) is regulated by the interaction of the REM-ON and REM-OFF neurons located in the pedunculo-pontine-tegmentum (PPT) and the locus coeruleus (LC), respectively. Many other brain areas, particularly those controlling non- @entity11755 (NREMS) and waking, modulate @entity11755 by modulating these @entity11755 -related neurons. Perifornical (PeF) orexin (Ox)-ergic neurons are reported to increase waking and reduce NREMS as well as @entity11755 ; dysfunction of the PeF neurons are related to @entity1319 . Hence, we were interested in understanding the neural mechanism of PeF-induced @entity11755 modulation. As a first step we have recently reported that PeF Ox-ergic neurons modulate @entity11755 by influencing the LC neurons (site for REM-OFF neurons). Thereafter, in this in vivo study we have explored the role of PeF inputs on the PPT neurons (site for REM-ON neurons) for the regulation of @entity11755 . Chronic male @entity35 were surgically prepared with implanted bilateral cannulae in PeF and PPT and electrodes for recording sleep-waking patterns. After post-surgical recovery sleep-waking- @entity11755 were recorded when bilateral PeF neurons were stimulated by @entity3264 and simultaneously bilateral PPT neurons were infused with either saline or orexin receptor1 ( @entity24210 ) antagonist. It was observed that PeF stimulation increased waking and decreased NREMS as well as @entity11755 , which were prevented by @entity24210 antagonist into the PPT. We conclude that the PeF stimulation-induced reduction in @entity11755 was likely to be due to inhibition of REM-ON neurons in the PPT. As waking and NREMS are inversely related, subject to confirmation, the reduction in NREMS could be due to increased waking or vice versa. Based on our findings from this and earlier studies we have proposed a model showing connections between PeF- and PPT-neurons for @entity11755 regulation.

title: REM sleep modulation by perifornical orexinergic inputs to the pedunculo-pontine tegmental neurons in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11755 :: ('MESH:D020187', 'Disease') :: ['REMS', 'Rapid eye movement sleep']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['REMS loss-associated disorders']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prevalence of late-onset @entity1398 and its complications in @entity1 treated with rituximab (RTX) for @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and other @entity792 ( @entity792 ) in a prospective registry. METHODS: The AutoImmunity and Rituximab registry is an independent 7-year prospective registry promoted by the French Society of Rheumatology. For each episode of @entity1398 , data were validated by the clinician in charge of the @entity1 . RESULTS: Among 2624 @entity1 treated with RTX for refractory @entity792 , and at least 1 follow-up visit (a total follow-up of 4179 @entity1 -years in @entity309 and 987 @entity1 -years in @entity792 ), late-onset @entity1398 was observed in 40 @entity1 (25 @entity309 (1.3% of @entity1 with @entity309 , 0.6/100 @entity1 -years), and @entity792 in 15 (2.3% of @entity1 with @entity792 , 1.5/100 @entity1 -years)). 6 @entity1 (15%) had neutrophils <500/mm(3), 8 (20%) had neutrophils between 500 and 1000/mm(3), and 26 (65%) had neutrophils between 1000 and 1500/mm(3). @entity1398 occurred after a median period of 4.5 (3-6.5) months after the last RTX infusion in @entity1 with @entity309 , and 5 (3-6.5) months in @entity1 with @entity792 . 5 @entity1 (12.5%), 4 of them with neutrophils lower than 500/mm(3), developed a non-opportunistic serious @entity281 and required antibiotics and @entity1261 injections, with a favourable outcome. After resolution of their RTX-related @entity1398 , 19 @entity1 (47.5%) were re-treated, and @entity1398 reoccurred in 3 of them. CONCLUSIONS: Late-onset @entity1398 might occur after RTX and may result in serious @entity281 . Thus, monitoring of white cell count should be performed after RTX. However, in this large registry of @entity1 with @entity792 , the frequency of RTX-induced @entity1398 was much lower than that previously reported in @entity1 treated for @entity1503 or @entity792 .

title: Late-onset @entity1398 after treatment with rituximab for @entity309 and other XXXX : data from the AutoImmunity and Rituximab registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood malignancies']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia', 'neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['AIDs', 'autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmune diseases']


abstract: When studying the adjustment of muscle perfusion during exercise, the influence of central factors (e.g. blood volume, central blood pressure and venous return) can be reduced by choosing small muscle groups. In the present study parallel determinations of cardiac output (CO), leg blood flow (LBF) and pulmonary @entity26 ( @entity4962 ) uptake were performed in 9 healthy male subjects at the onset and cessation of dynamic foot @entity1411 . The volunteers exercised with both feet for 5 minutes at 3 different resistances corresponding to 6%, 18% and 30% of the mean maximal @entity2472 . Doppler measurements at the aortic root and in the femoral artery were utilized to estimate CO and LBF. @entity26 uptake was analyzed breath-by-breath as the difference between inspired and expired @entity26 volumes. Within the first 10 s of exercise LBF increased from 400 ml x @entity1009 ) to about 1,000 ml x @entity1009 ) at all exercises intensities. During the subsequent 5 minutes of exercise, LBF decreased to about 800 ml x @entity1009 ) at the lowest intensity. By contrast, it increased to about 1,900 ml x @entity1009 ) at the highest intensity. The changes in CO during exercise were quantitatively identical with the changes in LBF. The present results suggest that the fine adjustment of muscle blood flow and muscle metabolism starts only after a fast and uniform circulatory on response. The second component may lead to leg perfusion values above, at or below the initial peak perfusion levels. The off-transients of LBF displayed no comparable fast responses. They were slower than the recovery kinetics of any @entity65 measured in the present study.

title: Cardiac output, leg blood flow and XXXX uptake during foot @entity1411 .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['plantar flexions']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular parameter']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary contraction']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare rates of @entity2953 ( @entity2953 ) in young @entity1 who were sexually abused, sexually precocious, and engaged in high-risk behaviors with the rates of @entity2953 in young @entity1 who had none of these experiences. DESIGN: In this descriptive, comparative study, purposive, nonrandom sampling was used to obtain representation of @entity1 in four ethnic groups. @entity1 completed a questionnaire on their sexual history and high-risk behaviors, @entity458 and age of occurrence, and health issues, including @entity2953 . Chi-square analyses were used to explore differences in these risk factors for @entity2953 . SETTING: Data were collected at 44 urban and rural sites, including health clinics, private care providers, academic institutions, and Indian reservations. @entity1 : A convenience sample of 1,994 @entity1 ages 18-22 years and representing four ethnic groups. RESULTS: Sexually abused, precocious @entity1 who also engaged in high-risk sexual behaviors were the most likely to have had an STD: The sequence of these events was not significant. High-risk sexual behaviors appeared to be a greater risk factor for @entity2953 than @entity458 or precocity. CONCLUSIONS: Young @entity1 who engage in high-risk sexual behaviors, such as sex on a first date or with a stranger, are at great risk for acquiring @entity2953 . Nurses must be advocates for sex education in high schools to inform teenagers about the dangers of high-risk behaviors and @entity2953 , and to explain ways to handle sexual coercion and possible rape.

title: @entity458 , sex before age 16, and high-risk behaviors of young females with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['STDs', 'sexually transmitted diseases']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual abuse']

answer: @entity2953 :: (MESH:D012749,Disease) :: ['sexually transmitted diseases']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity57494 , a selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor and 5-HT1A partial agonist approved for the treatment of major @entity308 , is extensively hepatically metabolized. The pharmacokinetics, tolerability, and safety of @entity57494 were investigated in 2 trials comparing @entity1 with @entity409 with healthy controls. In these phase 1, open-label, parallel-group, single-dose pharmacokinetic studies, @entity57494 (20 mg) was administered to @entity1 with mild, moderate, or severe @entity409 or individually matched healthy controls. @entity57494 and M17 (the major metabolite) concentrations in plasma were analyzed using validated liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Forty-eight @entity1 (8 each in mild, moderate, and severe @entity409 groups with matched healthy controls) were evaluated for pharmacokinetic analyses. All pharmacokinetic parameters in @entity1 with mild and moderate @entity409 were similar to those in healthy controls. Mean Cmax and AUC0-    were approximately 29% and 17% lower in @entity1 with severe @entity409 compared with healthy @entity1 ; values for Tmax, and t1/2 were similar between groups. @entity294 was experienced by more @entity1 with @entity409 than controls (10 vs. 5, respectively), and @entity391 (4 @entity1 ) occurred only in @entity1 with severe @entity409 ; other adverse events were roughly equivalent between groups. Following a single, 20-mg oral dose of @entity57494 , pharmacokinetics were similar in @entity1 with mild, moderate, or severe @entity409 and healthy controls. No dose adjustment is needed for @entity1 with major @entity308 who have mild, moderate, or severe @entity409 .

title: Pharmacokinetics and Safety of @entity57494 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['Diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic impairment']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity57494 :: ('MESH:C494040', 'Chemical') :: ['vilazodone', 'Vilazodone']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Hepatic Impairment']


abstract: Data on the dural invasiveness of @entity977 have been correlated to the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (e.g. @entity1495 ). @entity563 proteases have not yet been investigated in @entity1 @entity977 . In this study, @entity982 -embedded material from 84 @entity1 @entity977 ( @entity2012 n=18, @entity699 n=21, @entity2013 n=18, thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting @entity652 n=1, nonsecreting @entity652 n=26) and 9 nontumourous anterior pituitary lobes (obtained from @entity1 with @entity263 ) was immunohistochemically analysed for expression of @entity1476 , @entity1495 , @entity1552 ( @entity1552 ), @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ), @entity10431 ( @entity10431 ), tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ), and @entity650 ( @entity650 ). Cavernous sinus invasion was determined by assessment of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and intraoperative inspection (invasive n=50, noninvasive n=34). In @entity977 , reactions were positive (diffuse expression) to @entity1476 (74% of cases), @entity1495 (49%), @entity1552 (88%), @entity2290 (89%), @entity10431 (90%), tPA (69%), and @entity2289 (87%). A weak expression of @entity650 was found in 12% of the @entity652 . All reactions were positive (focal expression) in every sample of anterior lobe tissue, except for @entity2290 (negative in 3 out of 9 cases), and @entity650 (faintly positive in 5 out of 8 cases). @entity652 showed remarkably greater expression of @entity2290 than anterior lobe tissue (Chi-square P<0.05). Nonsecreting @entity652 exhibited a stronger tendency towards overexpression of @entity2290 in invasive @entity5 when compared to noninvasive @entity652 (Chi-square P=0.053). We found no correlation of @entity1495 expression and @entity5 invasion. @entity1552 was overexpressed in noninvasive as compared to invasive @entity652 (Chi-square P<0.05). The interrelationship between MMPs and @entity563 proteinases in @entity977 remains to be elucidated. From our data, a correlation between @entity650 and an activation of @entity1495 cannot be proven. The @entity2290 -system may, however, play a role in dural invasion of @entity977 .

title: Expression of XXXX proteases and metalloproteinases in @entity1 @entity977 and anterior pituitary lobe tissue.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1552 :: ('7077', 'Gene') :: ['TIMP-2', 'tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinoma']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine', 'Serine']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma', 'Adenomas']

entities_list: @entity2290 :: ('5328', 'Gene') :: ['urokinase-type plasminogen activator', 'uPA']

answer: @entity563 :: (CHEBI:17822,Chemical) :: ['serine']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 with advanced @entity5 who experience relapse after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) have a poor prognosis. Long-term survival after chemotherapy alone, second myeloablative transplant, or donor leukocyte infusions (DLIs) alone is unusual. DLIs may have minimal effectiveness in advanced disease because adequate cellular responses are not able to develop in the presence of bulky, fast-growing disease. A chemotherapy strategy was used to debulk disease before administration of @entity1261 ( @entity1261 )-primed DLIs. @entity1 AND METHODS: Sixty-five @entity1 experiencing hematologic relapse of @entity5 after HLA-matched sibling BMT were prospectively treated with @entity2592 -based chemotherapy, then @entity1261 -primed DLIs. No prophylactic immunosuppression was provided. RESULTS: Twenty-seven of 57 assessable @entity1 experienced a complete response. @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) was observed in 56% of the @entity1 . Treatment-related mortality was 23%. Overall survival at 2 years for the entire cohort was 19%. @entity1 with a complete response were more likely to survive, with 1- and 2-year survival rates of 51% and 41%, respectively, with a median follow-up of more than 2 years. The 1-year survival for nonresponders was 5%. A posttransplant remission lasting more than 6 months before relapse was associated with a higher likelihood of response. @entity2132 was not required for durable remission. CONCLUSION: Salvage treatment with chemotherapy before DLI can help some @entity1 with advanced myeloid relapse and is not dependent on @entity2132 . @entity1 with short remissions after BMT are unlikely to benefit from this approach, and the approach is associated with significant treatment-related mortality. Modifications of this approach or entirely different approaches will be required for most @entity1 with this difficult clinical problem.

title: Prospective trial of chemotherapy and donor leukocyte infusions for relapse of advanced XXXX after allogeneic stem-cell transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid malignancies', 'myeloid malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'Graft-versus-host disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['myeloid malignancies']


abstract: PURPOSE: Low-dose @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) is approved for the treatment of recalcitrant @entity309 ( @entity309 ). The objective of this study was to determine the effect of vehicles and penetration enhancers on the percutaneous absorption of @entity1500 and its analog @entity18872 (EDAM), and develop transdermal (TD) delivery systems of the drugs for the treatment of @entity309 . METHODS: From previously published pharmacokinetic parameters with low-dose @entity1500 therapy, and considering a 50 cm2 diffusional area, the target steady state in vitro TD flux for @entity1500 was calculated to be 35 micrograms/cm2/hr. Modified Franz diffusion chambers and hairless @entity19 skin were used for in vitro skin permeation studies. Hairless @entity19 were used for in vivo studies. Delivered amounts of @entity1500 and EDAM were determined by assaying the receiver phase fluid (or blood) with validated reversed phase HPLC methods. RESULTS: Intrinsic partition coefficient of @entity1500 was low (log P = -1.2). Target @entity1500 fluxes of > or = 35 micrograms/cm2/hr were achievable only with 1-15% (v/v) @entity14787 in @entity2771 (PG). Flux of EDAM (85 micrograms/cm2/hr) was higher than @entity1500 from an @entity5723 ( @entity9348 )-5% (v/v) @entity14787 system. Clinically significant steady state in vivo blood concentration of @entity1500 and EDAM was achieved using delivery systems containing > or = 2.5% @entity14787 in PG. Area under the drug concentration-time curves (AUC0-24 hr) for @entity1500 were 2379 and 3534 ng*hr/ml from PG-2.5% @entity14787 and PG-7.5% @entity14787 systems respectively. AUC0-24 hr of EDAM was 6893 ng*hr/ml using a PG-2.5% @entity14787 system. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study show the feasibility of using a transdermal delivery system of @entity1500 and EDAM for the treatment of @entity309 .

title: Effect of vehicles and penetration enhancers on the in vitro and in vivo percutaneous absorption of XXXX and @entity18872 through hairless @entity19 skin.

entities_list: @entity2771 :: ('MESH:D019946', 'Chemical') :: ['propylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity5723 :: ('MESH:D019840', 'Chemical') :: ['isopropyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity18872 :: ('MESH:C040210', 'Chemical') :: ['edatrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the value of cardiovascular tests to diagnose @entity1163 in @entity1 with apparent treatment-resistant @entity302 and to assess the extent of misdiagnosis of @entity302 in @entity1 . BACKGROUND: Adult studies have shown that up to 35% of @entity302 may have been misdiagnosed. These @entity1 may have @entity65 , with @entity910 due to @entity12807 , which may be difficult to differentiate from @entity302 . Studies in @entity1 are lacking. METHODS: Thirty-one @entity1 (12 male, mean age 10.07 +/- 5 years [range 4 to 17]) who were previously diagnosed with @entity302 were studied. Inclusion criteria were continued attacks despite adequate anticonvulsant drug treatment (n = 17) or possible @entity302 on the basis of clinical grounds (n = 14). Each @entity1 underwent a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), an orthostatic test and carotid sinus massage during continuous ECG and blood pressure monitoring. Ten @entity1 had Holter monitoring. RESULTS: An alternative diagnosis was found in 19 @entity1 (61.3%), including 8 (47%) of 17 patients taking anticonvulsant medications. Nine @entity1 (29%) developed profound @entity551 or @entity1168 during orthostatic test, confirming the diagnosis of @entity907 . Seven @entity1 (22.5%) had @entity1162 ( @entity1162 ). Two (6.4%) had significant ECG pauses during carotid sinus massage. In these two @entity1 episodes of prolonged @entity1168 correlated precisely with @entity410 by Holter recording, was noted. One @entity1 (3.2%) developed psychogenic symptoms during the orthostatic test. CONCLUSION: A simple, non-invasive cardiovascular evaluation may identify an alternative diagnosis in many @entity1 with apparent @entity302 and should be considered early in the management of @entity1 with @entity410 episodes.

title: All @entity410 are not XXXX : many have a cardiovascular cause.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12807 :: ('MESH:D002534', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsive', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity907 :: ('MESH:D019462', 'Disease') :: ['vasovagal syncope']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal movements']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['convulsive syncope']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'epileptics']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['LQTS', 'long Q-T syndrome']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular syncope']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Increased serum nonesterified @entity1718 ( @entity3691 ) and decreased serum electrolytes are linked to abdomasal displacements in post partum dairy @entity291 . Post partum colic in mares may be associated with metabolic changes specific to pregnancy and the periparturient period. OBJECTIVES: To determine if fluctuations in serum @entity3691 , ionised @entity460 (iCa) and @entity1760 (iMg) occurred in periparturient mares and if these alterations were associated with post partum colic. STUDY DESIGN: Longitudinal observational study. METHODS: Mares from 3 farms in central Kentucky were enrolled. Blood samples were collected 14 days prior to the estimated foaling date, within 4 days post parturition, and 14 and 28 days after foaling for batch analysis of serum @entity3691 , iCa and iMg. Health information was provided by farm managers and veterinarians. Data were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis   (2) statistic for nonparametric data and a matched case/control approach. Repeated measures logistic regression models were developed. RESULTS: Serum NEFAs were higher at 14-1 day before foaling (mean    s.d., mmol/l), 0.28    0.12, P = 0.04 and from foaling to 4 days after foaling, 0.29    0.20 (P = 0.05) in mares that developed colic compared with those that did not colic, 0.19    0.05 and 0.21    0.14, respectively. Ionised @entity460 was lower at 15-28 days post foaling in mares that showed colic, 1.50    0.17 compared to mares that did not colic, 1.60    0.12, P = 0.02. Risk of colic in post partum mares increased 38% for each 0.1 mmol/l increase in serum @entity3691 (odds ratio = 1.38, 95% confidence interval 1.06-1.81, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Mares with post partum colic had significantly higher serum @entity3691 and lower iCa prior to the colic episode compared with mares that did not develop colic. Monitoring these metabolic alterations may lead to predictive and preventive colic strategies for post partum mares.

title: Increased serum nonesterified fatty acid and low ionised XXXX concentrations are associated with post partum colic in mares.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: @entity1871 / @entity172 oral contraceptives have some side effects, including @entity1211 . To alleviate side effects, improvements have been made to low-dose oral contraceptives, including reductions in the amount of @entity172 and/or changes the type of progestin. A compound drug containing 3mg @entity4863 and 20 g @entity2082 (DRSP/EE20, @entity68419  ) was released in overseas markets in 2006, and in Japan in 2010 as a newly developed low-dose medicines. This drug is expected to have lower side effects. We received a medicolegal autopsy case of a young @entity1 who had been prescribed YAZ for @entity1834 for 17months. The autopsy revealed a blood clot in her pulmonary artery bifurcation. Blood screening by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis did not detect any medicinal toxicants. However, from police investigations, it is strongly believed that she had been taking YAZ. Therefore we performed a single ion resolution mode assay and detected DRSP. A quantitative analysis revealed 32.3ng/mL of DRSP. As no other cause of the @entity1151 was evident, we consider YAZ as the likely cause of the @entity1151 . Recent reports from the past few years suggest a higher risk of @entity1211 with DRSP/EE20 than earlier progestin/ @entity172 oral contraceptives. Comparing the risk associated with DRSP/EE20 and DRSP/EE30, one report found no differences and another report showed DRSP/EE20 was associated with a higher risk than DRSP/EE30. No cases of @entity715 caused by @entity1871 alone have been reported. But comparing the risk between DRSP/EE20 and other @entity7828 /EE20, two studies reported DRSP/EE20 had a higher risk than other @entity7828 /EE20. The incidence of @entity1211 is highest in the first year of use and decreases thereafter. Because DRSP/EE20 has been on the market for only a couple of years, it is necessary for clinicians to use the drug carefully and accumulate more side-effect data. It is important for forensic scientists to confirm all of the prescribed drugs in autopsy cases, search the risks of identified drugs, particularly new drugs, and provide relevant case information in a timely manner.

title: @entity4863 detected in postmortem blood of a young @entity1 with XXXX : A case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinylestradiol']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity4863 :: ('MESH:C035144', 'Chemical') :: ['drospirenone']

entities_list: @entity7828 :: ('MESH:D011372', 'Chemical') :: ['progestins']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['Progestin', 'progestin']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary thromboembolism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current evidence suggests a survival benefit to post-operative surveillance following curative @entity14 resection; however, there is still no consensus on the optimal duration and form. OBJECTIVES: The objective is to prospectively audit outcomes of an intensive @entity14 follow-up scheme for time to recurrence and survival. METHODS: We used a surveillance protocol designed to incorporate regular clinical, biochemical, radiological and endoscopic measures at pre-defined intervals. SETTING: The setting was a Department of Colorectal Surgery in a Tertiary Academic Centre. Follow-up was led by specially trained colorectal nurses in conjunction with surgeons. @entity1 : Consecutive @entity1 who had undergone curative treatment for @entity14 were included in this study. MAIN OUTCOMES: Outcomes were measured in terms of overall survival and disease recurrence. RESULTS: There were 436 @entity1 entered into follow-up, all treated with curative intent. Mean age 65.9  years (SD 12.9  years) and 240 male (55.0  %). Ninety-four @entity1 (21.5  %) with stage I disease, 119 (27.3  %) stage IIa, 30 (6.9  %) stage IIb, 18 (4.1  %) stage IIIa, 78 (17.9  %) stage IIIb, 45 (10.4  %) stage IIIc and 52 (11.9  %) stage IV. Overall median survival was 37.5  months for all @entity1 , (range 0.0-207.8  months). Ninety-two (21.1  %) @entity5 were recorded during the course of the study. The overall 5-year actuarial cancer-related survival was 81.7  %. There was a 40.3  % 5-year actuarial survival was recorded in @entity1 with 39 a recurrence, 57.7  % in @entity1 treated with further curative 40 intent and 27.7  % in @entity1 who received palliative treatment 41 (P   <   0.001). Ninety-seven percent of recurrences were detected within 4  years of curative treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This follow-up protocol confers an 81  % overall 5-year actuarial survival. Our study suggests that surveillance after curative resection can be limited to 4  years, which would lead to detection of over 97  % of all recurrences.

title: Intensive surveillance following curative treatment of XXXX allows effective treatment of recurrence even if limited to 4  years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-related deaths']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical efficacy and complications of treating sternal @entity5 by resection and @entity702 mesh thoracic reconstruction. METHODS: This retrospective analysis of eight @entity1 with sternal @entity5 treated in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2008 to June 2012 included five @entity1 and three @entity1 aged 37-66 years (mean, 50.4 years). The histological diagnoses were @entity511 (two cases), @entity421 (one), @entity1418 (two), @entity1712 (one) and sternal metastasis from @entity0 (two). The @entity5 were invading the manubrium sterni (three cases), manubrium sterni and body (three) and sternal body (two). All @entity1 underwent needle or incisional biopsy prior to sternal @entity5 resection and @entity702 mesh thoracic reconstruction. RESULTS: All @entity1 were followed for 9 months to 4 years. There were no intraoperative complications or operative or postoperative deaths. One @entity1 developed a deep wound @entity1410 1 week postoperatively; incisional drainage and debridement resulting in healing within 2 weeks. There was no loosening or exsertion of the @entity702 mesh and no @entity1 developed @entity1576 or @entity85 . One @entity1 with @entity1418 died of lung metastases 9 months postoperatively, another with @entity1418 died of liver metastases 14 months postoperatively; the remaining @entity1 survived without @entity5 recurrence. CONCLUSION: @entity702 mesh chest reconstruction after sternal @entity5 resection has the advantages of simplifying the procedure, achieving a good shape and having few complications. @entity702 mesh is an ideal material for reconstruction of the sternum.

title: @entity5 resection and reconstruction with XXXX mesh: a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic granuloma']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1418 :: ('MESH:D051677', 'Disease') :: ['malignant fibrous histiocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium', 'Titanium']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic deformity']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: When comparing two populations of multiply injured @entity1 differences in @entity1 characteristics must be controlled for. To measure the overall severity of injury, scaling systems are used. If after adjustment for injury severity, the proportion of deaths in the two data sets are still different, the difference is to be considered as due to the quality of care. However, this conclusion is only valid after excluding the possibility that the scale in use fails to adequately reflect certain injuries. The scope of the study is to demonstrate a method for examining this potential interference. As an example, four widely used scales were applied to the data of 418 multiply injured @entity1 . By means of multiple logistic regression analysis, variables were selected which have an influence on prognosis in addition to a scale, thus indicating a subgroup of @entity1 who are underrepresented by the respective scoring system. For the scales examined, these additional variables were: Head and thoracic @entity130 for the Polytrauma score (Oestern), abdominal and thoracic @entity130 for the @entity130 index (Schreinlechner), thoracic @entity130 and age for the @entity130 score (Champion), @entity542 and age for the Injury Severity Score (Baker). We conclude that each score analyzed had its characteristic weak points. Prognostic quality was affected by casemix. Therefore, comparisons between groups of polytraumatized @entity1 may be invalidated. The method outlined here is a useful means for checking a scoring system for these types of interfering variables. Therefore, it is recommended to search routinely for potentially interfering variables before applying a scale. In a given data set of multiply injured @entity1 , appropriate adjustments can then be made for the deficiencies of the scoring system.

title: [Effects of injury pattern on the predictability of 4 multiple XXXX scores. Presentation of a method for identifying artifacts].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 are surrounded and infiltrated by a variety of stromal cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and vascular endothelial cells, which interact with malignant cells to generate the @entity5 microenvironment (TME). This complex environment is thought to be regulated by the @entity5 in order to promote its survival and progression and thus constitutes a potential target for @entity5 therapy. However, intercellular communication within the microenvironment is not yet well understood. The current study investigates the mechanism by which @entity5 and immune cells communicate using an in vitro coculture model. It is demonstrated that @entity650 , a proinflammatory cytokine, secreted by immune cells promotes @entity14 cell invasiveness. In addition, in the presence of @entity650 , the @entity5 cells were able to secrete circulating miRNAs @entity10017 and @entity15702 to further induce immune cell @entity650 production. Activated immune cells were also found to release @entity10017 into the TME. Taken together, these mechanistic findings provide a better understanding of intercellular communication between immune and @entity5 cells in the TME and offer insight into some of the key players that mediate this cross-talk. IMPLICATIONS: This study demonstrates that @entity5 and immune cells communicate via @entity650 and circulating miRNAs to sustain chronic @entity32 and promote prometastatic @entity5 cell behavior. In addition, critical players are identified that mediate intercellular communication in the TME and suggest possible therapeutic approaches that target the microenvironment. Mol Cancer Res; 13(11); 1-7.   2015 AACR.

title: @entity650 Mediates Immune and @entity14 Cell Cross-talk via XXXX and @entity15702 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cocultured cancer', 'tumor', 'Tumors', 'cancer']

answer: @entity10017 :: (406991,Gene) :: ['miR-21']


abstract: Reducing the frequency of milk recording would help reduce the costs of official milk recording. However, this approach could also negatively affect the accuracy of predicting daily yields. This problem has been investigated in numerous studies. In addition, published equations take into account @entity1267 ( @entity1267 ), and these are often not available and/or are unreliable in practice. The first objective of this study was to propose models in which the @entity1267 was replaced by a combination of data easily recorded by dairy farmers. The second objective was to further investigate the @entity1718 (FA) present in milk. Equations to predict daily yield from AM or PM data were based on a calibration database containing 79,971 records related to 51 traits [milk yield (expected AM, expected PM, and expected daily); fat content (expected AM, expected PM, and expected daily); fat yield (expected AM, expected PM, and expected daily; g/day); levels of seven different FAs or FA groups (expected AM, expected PM, and expected daily; g/dL milk), and the corresponding FA yields for these seven FA types/groups (expected AM, expected PM, and expected daily; g/day)]. These equations were validated using two distinct external datasets. The results obtained from the proposed models were compared to previously published results for models which included a @entity1267 effect. The corresponding correlation values ranged from 96.4% to 97.6% when the daily yields were estimated from the AM milkings and ranged from 96.9% to 98.3% when the daily yields were estimated from the PM milkings. The simplicity of these proposed models should facilitate their use by breeding and milk recording organizations.

title: Predictions of Daily Milk and Fat Yields, Major Groups of XXXX , and C18:1 cis-9 from Single Milking Data without a Milking Interval.

entities_list: @entity1267 :: ('MESH:D010319', 'Disease') :: ['milking intervals', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity1718 :: (MESH:D005227,Chemical) :: ['Fatty Acids']


abstract: Genetic influences are thought by many to play an important role in the cause of @entity191 . We studied two closely intermarried families (Family G) whose ancestors immigrated to the United States from Russia. We investigated this family clinically, genealogically, and pathologically. Our pedigree contained 102 members spanning six generations, with 10 affected individuals and 1 affected spouse. Detailed telephone interviews were conducted with affected individuals, with their spouses, and with their at-risk siblings. Medical records of deceased and living affected @entity1 were collected. Physical examinations were performed on 7 at-risk and 5 affected @entity1 . Typical levodopa-responsive @entity304 with @entity2845 , @entity2003 , resting @entity400 , and impaired postural reflexes was seen in 4 members, @entity303 was present in 3, and 3 had both @entity303 and @entity304 . An autopsy completed on 1 individual, our index case, demonstrated Lewy bodies in the brainstem and neocortex and ubiquitin-positive @entity528 in the CA2-3 region of the hippocampus, consistent with the limbic (transitional) form of @entity1832 . This family is distinct both clinically and pathologically from several previously reported @entity191 kindreds.

title: @entity304 , @entity303 , and XXXX : study of family G.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'parkinsonian']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['bradykinesia']

entities_list: @entity1832 :: ('MESH:D020961', 'Disease') :: ['Lewy body disease']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuritic degeneration']

answer: @entity1832 :: (MESH:D020961,Disease) :: ['Lewy body disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity13633 ( @entity13633 , or @entity13633 ) is upregulated in grafts with @entity8 . However, the functional role of @entity13633 in the pathogenesis of @entity8 remains unclear. @entity13633 may regulate lesion development by modulating the early alloimmune response and/or late myointimal thickening. METHODS AND RESULTS: To determine whether @entity13633 -mediated pathways protect against or promote @entity8 , we used @entity13633 -deficient @entity19 as recipients in our vascularized chronic cardiac rejection model. The severity of vascular thickening in 55-day grafts placed into @entity13633 -/- recipients (n=13) was compared with that in wild-type recipients (n=15). Computer-assisted analysis of all elastin-stained vessels (n=283) showed significantly increased luminal occlusion (77.11+/-9.4% versus 40.8+/-13.6%, P<.0001) and intima/media ratios in allografts from @entity13633 -/- recipients (1.9+/-1.3 versus 0.4+/-0.3, P=.0002). To elucidate potential mechanisms, we studied @entity13633 effects on T-cell differentiation ( @entity630 / @entity61 ) and neointimal smooth muscle cell accumulation. Normalized mRNA levels for @entity630 - (signal transducer and activator of transcription [STAT] 4, interleukin [IL]-2, @entity60 ) and @entity61 - ( @entity9094 , @entity58 , and @entity59 ) associated factors were comparable in both groups. In contrast, quantitative analysis of the alpha-actin-positive area showed a significant increase in the contribution of smooth muscle cells within the neointima in allografts from @entity13633 -/- recipients (28.2+/-2.0%) compared with wild-type controls (13.2+/-2.3%; P<.0001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity13633 plays a protective role in the development of @entity8 , suppressing neointimal smooth muscle cell accumulation.

title: Exacerbated @entity8 in inducible nitric oxide-deficient XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['transplant arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In a minority of @entity1 with a significant @entity548 history no cause is found despite extensive testing and we diagnose such cases as @entity3459 ( @entity3459 ). UBDs may have diverse underlying causes and currently no standard management strategy exists in the event of a @entity548 or to cover surgery. AIM: To document the clinical characteristics and response to treatment of UBDs. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of all @entity1 with UBDs who had an invasive procedure at our centre between 1998 and 2014. RESULTS: The commonest symptoms were @entity931 (89%) and @entity548 at the time of surgery (88%) or dental extraction (85%). A total of 33 @entity1 underwent 78 minor and major haemostatic challenges. Haemostatic cover was provided in 28 procedures with @entity927 alone, two with desmopressin and 45 with both agents in combination. A successful haemostatic outcome was observed in 70/78 (90%) cases. No @entity1 required additional surgical intervention to achieve haemostasis, but one @entity1 required a platelet transfusion to control @entity86 . CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to report on the investigation and treatment of @entity3459 . Future studies are needed to further our understanding of the @entity548 phenotype and identify any underlying causes.

title: Unclassified XXXX : outcome of haemostatic challenges following @entity927 and/or desmopressin.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['unclassified bleeding disorders', 'UBD']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

entities_list: @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['menorrhagia']

answer: @entity3459 :: (MESH:D025861,Disease) :: ['bleeding disorders']


abstract: The presence of four different isoforms of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormones (LHRH) and one LHRH receptor ( @entity23042 ) has been reported in vertebrates. In the @entity1 genome only LHRH-I and @entity36209 genes have been identified. The @entity1 LHRH-I gene is composed of four exons separated by three introns. Three LHRH receptor or receptor-like genes have been demonstrated. The well-established type-I LHRH receptor ( @entity23042 -I) gene is composed of three exons separated by two introns. In this study we investigated the expression of transcript forms of @entity23042 -I in @entity1 @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using gene specific primers. Thirty-five @entity1 @entity1067 specimens were obtained at surgery. Normal @entity1 pituitaries collected at autopsy served as control. RNA extraction and RT-PCR with gene-specific primers for @entity23042 -I forward (F1)/reverse (R1), @entity23042 -I F2/R3, @entity23042 -I F1'/R2' were carried out to determine the mRNA expression for @entity23042 -I transcript forms. The expected PCR products amplified with gene specific primers were @entity4960 with 319 bp, @entity23042 -I F2/R3 with 309 bp and @entity23042 -I F1'/R2' with 219 bp. PCR products for @entity4960 were detected in 21 (60%) and for @entity23042 -I F2/R3 in 5 of 35 (14%) @entity1067 samples. No PCR products for @entity23042 -I F1'/R2' were found. In conclusion, we detected mRNA for @entity23042 -I in @entity1 @entity1067 specimens. Our results suggest that @entity23042 -I gene may have more than two splice variants or uncharacterised transcript forms of @entity23042 -I. Our findings support the merit of further investigation of the expression of @entity23042 -I and its transcript forms in @entity1 @entity1067 .

title: Expression of mRNA for @entity1 type-I LHRH receptor transcript forms in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 7272 Background: Exisulind (E) is an oral selective apoptotic antineoplastic drug that exerts its antitumor effect via the inhibition of @entity5 -related @entity6708 phosphodiesterase and activation of protein kinase G. E caused growth inhibition when used alone and with chemotherapy in multiple in vitro and in @entity5 models. The aim of this study is to define the maximum tolerated dose (Phase I) and efficacy (Phase II) of V + E in elderly @entity1 with IIIB/IV @entity1149 . METHODS: @entity1 (pts) were > 69 yrs of age. No prior chemotherapy was allowed. PS 0-1. Pts were entered on 3 dose levels of E (125 mg BID, 125 mg qAM and 250 mg qPM, and 250 mg BID) with V (25 mg/m(2)) given weekly in a 4 week cycle. Pts with clinical benefit (CR/PR/SD) after 6 cycles of V + E were allowed to continue on E alone Results: 14 pts were enrolled in the phase I portion of the study: 3 on dose level 1, 4 on dose level 2 and 7 on an expanded dose level 3. Median age of this group was 78 yrs (range 72-84). Dose limiting @entity137 included grade (Gr) 3 @entity1142 (1 pt) and @entity6408 diarrhea (1 pt), both at dose level 2, and Gr 4 @entity221 (1 pt) at dose level 3. The MTD of E was 125 mg BID. One PR was confirmed. 15 pts have been enrolled thus far in the phase II portion of the study (a total accrual of 30 pts is anticipated); median age is 77 yrs (range 71-81). @entity6408 /4 treatment-related @entity137 include @entity1398 (5 pts; 2 with Gr 4), @entity1431 (4 pts), @entity417 (1 pt), fatigue (3 pts), @entity1353 (2 pts), and @entity1142 (1 pt). 12 pts are evaluable for response: 2 PRs have been confirmed. The preliminary median survival for pts in the phase II portion of the study to date @entity4318 weeks (range 1 - 49+ weeks). CONCLUSIONS: E does not appear to worsen the @entity137 of V in untreated elderly @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 . The phase II portion of this study is on-going. [Table: see text].

title: Phase I/II study of exisulind (E) and vinorelbine (V) in elderly XXXX with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'vivo tumor']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A strong antimicrobial synergism between @entity1216 (CHX) and @entity273 ( @entity274 ) has been reported, but there is not enough data on the @entity137 of this combination. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the @entity137 of CHX- @entity274 combination in different concentrations and secondary aim is to assess the influence of @entity274 on @entity137 of CHX on cultured @entity1 periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The PDL cells were cultured from healthy @entity1 third molar teeth and were exposed to six prepared solutions (0.2% and 2% CHX separately and in combination with 1% and 3% @entity274 ). The @entity98 assay was applied to assess their effects on the viability of the PDL cells. Two-way analysis of variance approach and subgroup analysis was performed to evaluate the differences in mean cell viability values. A level of P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS: All tested solutions were toxic to PDL cells. There was a significant interaction effect between CHX and @entity274 . The 2% CHX combined with 3% @entity274 was the most and 0.2% CHX was the least cytotoxic solutions. The 2% CHX was significantly more toxic than 0.2% CHX and @entity274 combinations. The @entity137 of 0.2% CHX and @entity274 combinations did not significantly rise by increasing the concentration of @entity274 from 1% to 3%. CONCLUSION: @entity274 affected the @entity137 of CHX in a variable concentration-dependent manner. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that 2% CHX alone and in combination with either 1 or 3% @entity274 are significantly more toxic than 0.2% CHX alone and in combination with 1 and 3% @entity274 . Therefore, to benefit from the synergistic antimicrobial effect between CHX and @entity274 , with a minimal @entity137 , it is recommended to use 0.2% concentration of CHX combined with 3% @entity274 .

title: XXXX of @entity1216 - @entity273 combination in different concentrations on cultured @entity1 periodontal ligament fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Cytotoxicity']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e16001 Background: Majority of @entity1 with @entity135 present with locally advanced disease. Most of the @entity1 are treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy. However, the @entity137 are substantial and can be associated with severe local and systemic @entity137 . Alternate schedules of @entity900 have been tried to overcome these @entity137 . No formal comparison, however, has been reported between alternate schedules and reference regimen in literature. The primary aim is to report a retrospective study comparing alternate schedule of @entity900 with standard three weekly bolus @entity900 in terms of effectiveness and related @entity137 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity135 who were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy in our center between periods of 2007-2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Basic demographics and clinical characteristics' of the @entity1 were collected. Parameters such as overall survival rate, locoregional or systemic relapse rates, and time to local/systemic relapse, which show treatment effectiveness and also main @entity137 , parameters were recorded. RESULTS: Fifty five eligible @entity1 were analyzed retrospectively. No significant difference was observed between the two groups of the study as compared to the median overall survival time. One, two, and three-year probability of survival for @entity1 in groups A and B were 75% to 65% in one year, 63% to 56% in two year, and 63% to 52% in three year, respectively. Locoregional relapse and systemic relapse were similar in both groups. Although time to local and systemic relapse was higher in group B as compared to group A, a statistical analysis was failed to show any significant difference. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between groups with respect to major @entity137 . Only development of grade III-IV @entity33 during treatment showed significant effect on OS in univariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity135 , concurrent chemoradiotherapy with weekly @entity900 can be accepted as effective as concurrent chemoradiotherapy with three weekly high dose bolus @entity900 .

title: Weekly XXXX versus standard three-weekly @entity900 in concurrent chemoradiotherapy of @entity135 : Baskent University experience.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'head and neck cancers']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: The genus Sphingobacterium, whose members are Gram-negative non-fermentative rods, possesses ceramides and related sphingophospholipids (SPLs) with isoheptadecasphinganine and 2-hydroxy or non-hydroxy isopentadecanoic acid. This paper reports evidence that ceramides isolated from Sphingobacterium spiritivorum ATCC 33861 induce endonucleolytic DNA cleavage in @entity1 @entity1778 HL-60 cells in vitro, which is the primary characteristic biochemical marker for apoptosis or programmed cell death. Ceramides and SPLs also induced DNA fragmentation and @entity522 activation, followed by changes in morphology, such as alterations in the size of nuclei and cells, and cell cycle shortening. Apoptotic activity correlated with the ceramide structure. Ceramide with a 2-hydroxy fatty acid showed stronger apoptotic activity than ceramide with a non-hydroxy fatty acid. Furthermore, the major five SPLs (ceramide phosphorylethanolamine-1 and -2, ceramide phosphorylinositol-1 and -2, and ceramide phosphorylmannose-1) showed apoptosis-inducing activity in HL-60 cells, indicating that the ceramide moiety of the SPLs plays a crucial role as the intracellular second messenger but that their hydrophilicity is less important in this regard. The hydrophilic part of SPLs may play a role in other cellular response systems. The involvement of @entity1197 was implicated in the apoptotic event since @entity1197 expression was observed after 3 or 4 h stimulation of HL-60 cells with bacterial ceramides. However, a time-course study for @entity522 activation indicated maximal activity at 1 h after stimulation with bacterial ceramides, suggesting that two (or possibly more) mechanisms of signal transduction, Fas-dependent and Fas-independent, may be involved. @entity1197 expression and @entity522 activation by five kinds of SPLs were observed after 3 or 4 h. These results indicate that there is a difference in the response of HL-60 cells to bacterial ceramides and SPLs.

title: Bacterial ceramides and sphingophospholipids induce apoptosis of XXXX leukaemic cells.

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid leukaemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: This study aimed to summarize our experience in surgical treatment of @entity281 after repair of @entity4037 . A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of 22 @entity1 who accepted surgical treatment of @entity281 after @entity4037 repair. Included were 16 cases of @entity281 after incisional hernia repair, 5 cases of @entity281 after abdominal wall defect repair following @entity5 resection, and 1 case of @entity281 with @entity292 caused by a @entity4628 repair with a prosthetic patch. All @entity1 had received local dressing treatment for 2 to 24 months but were not healed. The affected mesh was removed successfully in all @entity1 . Six @entity1 had abdominal wall repair using the component separation technique; 4 @entity1 were treated by strengthened repair with @entity7502 mesh; 10 @entity1 were repaired with @entity1 acellular dermal matrix; 1 @entity1 received local dressing changes and vacuum sealing drain treatment without repair; and 1 @entity1 received wound closure without strengthened repair. The postoperative hospital stay was 9-29 days (mean 16 days). After treatment, 19 @entity1 recovered with primary wound healing and 3 @entity1 recovered with secondary healing. All @entity1 were followed up for 6-38 months (mean 26 months), and no @entity4037 recurred except 1 case of lower abdominal bulge. @entity281 after @entity4037 repair are difficult to treat using prosthetic materials. For satisfactory results, surgery should be performed according to the specific condition of the individual.

title: A retrospective analysis of surgical treatment of @entity281 after repair of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4628 :: ('MESH:D007077', 'Disease') :: ['parastomal hernia of an ileal neobladder']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal wall tumor']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['mesh infection', 'Mesh infections', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['ventral hernia or defect']

answer: @entity4037 :: (MESH:D006555,Disease) :: ['ventral hernia or defect']


abstract: Microglial activation is a polarized process divided into potentially neuroprotective phenotype M2 and @entity2359 phenotype M1, predominant during chronic neuroinflammation. Endocannabinoid system provides an attractive target to control the balance between microglial phenotypes. @entity9393 as an immune modulator in the central nervous system acts via not only cannabinoid receptors ( @entity13677 and @entity10027 ) but also other targets (e.g., @entity69653 / @entity69654 ). We studied the effect of @entity9393 on @entity40675 -induced changes in @entity35 primary microglial cultures. Microglial activation was assessed based on @entity842 (NO) production. Analysis of mRNA was conducted for M1 and M2 phenotype markers possibly affected by the treatment. Our results showed that lipopolysaccharide-induced NO release in microglia was significantly attenuated, with concomitant downregulation of M1 phenotypic markers, after pretreatment with @entity9393 . This effect was not sensitive to @entity13677 or @entity69653 / @entity69654 antagonism. Administration of @entity10027 antagonist partially abolished the effects of @entity9393 on microglia. Interestingly, administration of a @entity69653 / @entity69654 antagonist by itself suppressed NO release. In summary, we showed that the endocannabinoid system plays a crucial role in the management of neuroinflammation by dampening the activation of an M1 phenotype. This effect was primarily controlled by the @entity10027 , although functional cross talk with @entity69653 / @entity69654 may occur.

title: XXXX , Acting via @entity10027 Receptors, Alleviates LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation in @entity35 Primary Microglial Cultures.

entities_list: @entity9393 :: ('MESH:C078814', 'Chemical') :: ['anandamide', 'Anandamide']

entities_list: @entity40675 :: ('D008070', 'Chemical') :: ['lipopolysaccharide']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

answer: @entity9393 :: (MESH:C078814,Chemical) :: ['Anandamide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Since 2003, high-risk @entity521 (HR-NB) @entity1 at our center received anti-GD2 antibody 3F8/ @entity2841 + @entity10211 - but not myeloablative therapy with autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT). Post-ASCT @entity1 referred from elsewhere also received 3F8/ @entity2841 + @entity10211 . We therefore accrued a study population of two groups treated during the same period and whose consolidative therapy, aside from ASCT, was identical. We analyzed @entity1 enrolled in 1st complete/very good partial remission (CR/VGPR). Their event-free survival (EFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were calculated from study entry. Large study size allowed robust statistical analyses of key prognosticators including @entity4180 amplification, @entity41 ( @entity41 ), @entity222 polymorphisms, and killer immunoglobulin-like receptor genotypes of natural killer cells. The 170 study @entity1 included 60 enrolled following ASCT and 110 following conventional chemotherapy. The two cohorts had similar clinical and biological features. Five-year rates for ASCT and non-ASCT @entity1 were, respectively: EFS 65% vs. 51% (p = .128), and @entity1349 76% vs. 75% (p = .975). In multivariate analysis, ASCT was not prognostic and only @entity41 -negativity after two cycles of 3F8/ @entity2841 correlated with significantly improved EFS and @entity1349 . Although a trend towards better EFS is seen with ASCT, @entity1349 is near identical. Cure rates may be similar, as close surveillance detects localized relapse and effective salvage treatments are applied. ASCT may not be needed to improve outcome when anti-GD2 immunotherapy is used for consolidation after dose-intensive conventional chemotherapy.

title: Lack of survival advantage with autologous stem-cell transplantation in high-risk XXXX consolidated by anti-GD2 immunotherapy and @entity10211 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['MRD', 'minimal residual disease']

entities_list: @entity10211 :: ('MESH:D015474', 'Chemical') :: ['isotretinoin']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to quantify the effect of different statistical techniques, inclusion/exclusion criteria, and missing data on the predicted median survival age. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Using the Canadian @entity1577 registry (CCFR), the median age of survival was calculated using both the Cox proportional hazards (PH) and the life-table methods. Through simulations, we examined how the median age of survival would change when: (1) @entity1 were excluded, (2) death dates were inaccurate, (3) @entity1 were lost to follow-up, (4) entire years with no clinic visits were excluded even if the    @entity1 had a visit in subsequent years, and (5) censoring @entity1 at their date of transplant. Simulations were run assuming 5-35% of data were affected by each scenario. RESULTS: Over the period 2009-2013, there were 4,666 individuals in the CCFR with 240 deaths. The observed median age of survival calculated by the Cox PH method was 50.9 [95% confidence interval (CI): 47.4, 54.3] and 50.5 from the life-table method (95% CI: 47.5, 53.5). Censoring @entity1 at their transplant date overestimated the median age of survival by 7.2  years (58.1; 95% CI: 53.3, 64.7). Simulations determined that by missing just 15% of deaths, the median age of survival can be overestimated by 3.5  years (54.4; 95% CI: 54.2, 56.1), and having 25% of @entity1 lost to follow-up can underestimate the median age of survival by 3.3  years (47.6; 95% CI: 46.8, 47.7). CONCLUSION: We present several recommendations to assist national @entity1577 registries in calculating and reporting the median age of survival in a standardized fashion. It is imperative to state the statistical method used as well as the proportion lost to follow-up and the treatment of missing data and transplanted @entity1 . Registries must be diligent in their data collection as incomplete data can lead to overestimation and underestimation of survival.

title: A standardized approach to estimating survival statistics for population-based XXXX registry cohorts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: Although @entity14 ( @entity14 ) is a common cause of @entity5 , it is fortunately amenable to screening with faecal tests for occult blood and endoscopic tests. Despite the evidence for the efficacy of guaiac-based faecal occult blood tests (gFOBT), they have not been popular with primary care providers in many jurisdictions, in part because of poor sensitivity for advanced @entity14 (advanced @entity652 and @entity14 ). In order to address this issue, high sensitivity gFOBT have been recommended, however, these tests are limited by a reduction in specificity compared with the traditional gFOBT. Where colonoscopy is available, some providers have opted to recommend screening colonoscopy to their @entity1 instead of faecal testing, as they believe it to be a better test. Newer methods for detecting occult @entity1 blood in faeces have been developed. These tests, called @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ), are immunoassays specific for @entity1 haemoglobin. @entity1062 hold considerable promise over the traditional guaiac methods including improved analytical and clinical sensitivity for @entity14 , better detection of advanced @entity652 , and greater screenee participation. In addition, the quantitative @entity1062 are more flexible than gFOBT as a numerical result is reported, allowing customisation of the positivity threshold. When compared with endoscopy, @entity1062 are less sensitive for the detection of advanced @entity14 when only one time testing is applied to a screening population; however, this is offset by improved participation in a programme of annual or biennial screens and a better safety profile. This review will describe how gFOBT and @entity1062 work and will present the evidence that supports the use of @entity1062 over gFOBT, including the cost-effectiveness of @entity1062 relative to gFOBT. Finally, specific issues related to @entity1062 will be discussed, particularly with respect to organised @entity14 screening programmes.

title: Faecal immunochemical tests versus guaiac faecal occult blood tests: what clinicians and XXXX screening programme organisers need to know.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-related death']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['FIT', 'faecal immunochemical tests', 'FIT implementation']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal neoplasms', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: For a better understanding of the formal pathogenesis of @entity1575 , the @entity409 was investigated three dimensionally. The histological reconstruction method, using serial histological sections, was adopted for the three-dimensional observation. Histology of the case showed @entity3619 with occasional fibrous bridging of the portal to portal tract or hepatic vein. Graphic reconstructions revealed various degrees of altered angioarchitecture from place to place. While the conducting portion of the portal vein was almost preserved, the pathological changes mostly began at the parenchymal portion, especially second step or subsequent branches of the portal vein. In general, portal vein branches showed damage such as stenoses, disappearance, an increase and decrease in number and distorted spatial arrangements. Even in less damaged portal tracts, portal veins showed such changes to some extent. In severely damaged places with bridging @entity82 , a normal lobular angioarchitecture was completely lost; instead, portal veins, arteries and hepatic veins were tangled with each other. Parenchymal nutrition was suggested to be dependent on the remaining third-step portal branches or newly formed ones. However, the hepatic vein system had a tendency to be preserved and distributed fluently in the parenchyma. The distortion of these portal vessels indicated various degrees of loss of the lobular architecture. In conclusion, it is suggested that an early histological sign of @entity82 develops in the course of @entity3619 .

title: Three-dimensional observations on the alterations of lobular architecture in @entity3619 with special reference to its angioarchitecture for a better understanding of the formal pathogenesis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic active hepatitis', 'chronic hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['angioarchitecture of the liver lobule in chronic viral hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['liver cirrhosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity19 provide a unique platform to dissect disease pathogenesis with the availability of recombinant inbred strains and diverse genetically modified strains. Leveraging these reagents to elucidate the mechanisms of @entity101 tissue injury has been hindered by difficulty establishing persistent @entity101 in these inbred lines. @entity15395 ( @entity15395 ) infusion provides relatively short term activation of the renin angiotensinogen system (RAS) with concomitant elevated arterial pressure. Longer duration studies using renin @entity19 are powerful models of chronic @entity101 , yet are limited by the genetic background on which the transgene exists and exposure throughout development. The present studies characterized @entity101 produced by transduction with a renin coding AAV (ReninAAV). ReninAAV @entity19 experienced elevated circulating renin with concurrent elevations in arterial pressure. Following a single injection of ReninAAV arterial pressure increased on average +56mmHg that persisted for at least twelve weeks in three distinct and widely used strains of adult @entity19 : 129/S6, @entity11897 and DBA/2J. This was accomplished without surgical implantation of pumps or complex breeding and backcrossing. In addition, ReninAAV @entity19 developed pathophysiological changes associated with chronic @entity101 including increased heart weight and @entity633 . Thus ReninAAV provides a unique tool to study the onset of and effects of persistent @entity101 in diverse @entity19 models. This model should facilitate our understanding of the pathogenesis of @entity101 .

title: VIRAL TRANSDUCTION OF RENIN RAPIDLY ESTABLISHES PERSISTANT HYPERTENSION IN DIVERSE XXXX STRAINS.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive injury', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'Mice', 'transgenic mice', 'murine']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['MURINE']


abstract: In the prognosis of @entity0 , pathologists are facing a time of consolidation. Widely accepted guidelines have been gained only recently, with expectations that further developments are soon to come. Prognostic data influence systemic treatment decisions that are largely dependent on stage criteria of lymph nodes and @entity5 size as well as menopausal status. Some researchers propose that @entity1600 has no therapeutic consequences and may not be necessary if the majority of @entity1 are to be treated by chemotherapy. Some pathologists take this information as gospel for simplifying the management of a complex disease, whereas others take information available at different levels of certainty and set treatment threshold probabilities on an individual @entity1 basis. With @entity189 and systemic therapy, I believe that combined histologic grade, including an emphasis on mitotic counts and other proliferation indicators, provides information at either end of the staging spectrum. Thus, high-grade, small @entity5 are likely to recur and low-grade, large @entity5 are unlikely to recur, at least within a 2- to 5-year period. Whether use of this information can be extended and verified for use in therapeutic decision making for neoadjuvant chemotherapy or various escalated chemotherapy regimens remains to be established. However, this use of prognostic indicators or predictors to indicate therapeutic responsiveness represents the field's immediate future. There are separate and important indicators of local treatment failure in the breast following conservation. It is likely that the extensiveness of @entity3821 is the major determinant of local recurrence and that its interaction with extensiveness, type of @entity189 in situ, and the branching ductal anatomy of the breast are of primary importance. Finally, the groups of conditions recognized as @entity3821 continue to provide a fertile field of questioning and discovery. Unassailable at the present time is the evidence that small, low-grade lesions may be treated effectively by planned wide local excision. Precise guidelines and further information are necessary from planned trials stratified by size and histologic criteria. Prognostic considerations have only become important in guiding treatment decisions in the past few decades. The escalating importance of prognostic categories derives from the availability of more varied treatment options, which have applications in the different clinical settings discussed in this chapter.

title: Prognostic indicators in XXXX and who needs them.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node removal']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['regard to invasive carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Association of knee and @entity1643 with @entity25 is poorly understood. We aimed to clarify the independent and combined effects of these orthopedic symptoms on sleep in a large-scale general population. METHODS: Cross-sectional data about @entity1643 were collected for 9,611 community residents (53  14 years old) by a structured questionnaire. Sleep duration less than 6 h/d was defined as short sleep. Sleep quality and the presence of knee and @entity1643 were evaluated by dichotomous questions. Subjects who complained about knee or @entity1643 were graded by tertiles of a numerical response scale (NRS) score and a Roland-Morris disability questionnaire (RDQ) score respectively. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to determine the correlates of @entity25 and poor sleep quality. RESULTS: Frequency of @entity1 who complained of the orthopedic symptoms was as follows; @entity158 , 29.0%; @entity1643 , 42.0% and both knee and @entity1643 17.6%. Both knee and @entity1643 were significantly and independently associated with @entity25 ( @entity158 : odds ratio (OR) = 1.19, p<0.01; @entity1643 : OR = 1.13, p = 0.01) and poor sleep quality ( @entity158 : OR = 1.22, p<0.01; @entity1643 ; OR = 1.57, p<0.01). The group in the highest tertile of the NRS or RDQ score had the highest risk for @entity25 and poor sleep quality except for the relationship between the highest tertile of the RDQ score and @entity25 .(the highest tertile of the NRS: OR for @entity25 = 1.31, p<0.01; OR for poor sleep quality = 1.47, p<0.01; the highest tertile of the RDQ: OR for @entity25 = 1.11, p = 0.12; OR for poor sleep quality = 1.81, p<0.01) Further, coincident knee and @entity1643 raised the odds ratios for @entity25 (either of knee or @entity1643 : OR = 1.10, p = 0.06; both knee and @entity1643 : OR = 1.40, p<0.01) and poor sleep quality (either of knee or @entity1643 : OR = 1.61, p<0.01; both knee and @entity1643 : OR = 2.17, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Knee and @entity1643 were independently associated with @entity25 and poor sleep quality. Further, they additively increased the correlation with these sleep problems in the general population.

title: Knee @entity158 and Low Back XXXX Additively Disturb Sleep in the General Population: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Nagahama Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain', 'sleep and knee/low back pain', 'low back pains']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['short sleep duration', 'sleep disturbance']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['knee pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: According to international recommendations, the selection of the biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug (bDMARD) for @entity309 ( @entity309 ) is mainly left to the clinician's preference. We analyzed the real-life factors influencing the first-line choice or the switching strategy, focusing on the prescription of abatacept (ABA) or tocilizumab (TCZ) compared to TNFa inhibitors (TNFi). @entity1 enrolled in the Lombardy Rheumatology Network (LORHEN) Registry after January 1, 2010, when all considered bDMARD agents were available, were included. The population was divided into "first-" and "second-line" bDMARD. We included 1910 @entity1 (first line n  =  1264, second line n  =  646). Age was higher in ABA or TCZ vs TNFi treated @entity1 (p  <  0.0001). Positive @entity9178 screening was associated with first-line ABA (p  =  0.002). @entity1499 ( @entity6822 ) combination therapy was lower in the TCZ group (p  =  0.02). The type ( @entity2299 , @entity101 , @entity358 ) and the number of comorbidities influenced the choice towards ABA (p  =  0.01). Multinomial logistic regression demonstrated that a second-line treatment, higher age, @entity2299 , @entity358 , other comorbidities, and extra-articular @entity309 manifestations were associated with ABA compared to TNFi. TCZ was associated with a second-line treatment, higher age, and more severe disease activity. Stopping the first bDMARD due to adverse events (AE) influenced the choice towards ABA. In real life, higher age and comorbidities influence the choice towards ABA and TCZ compared to TNFi. ABA was preferred in case of suspension of previous treatments due to AE. After failing a first-line TNFi, swapping to a different mechanism of action is more common.

title: Factors influencing the choice of first- and second-line biologic therapy for the treatment of XXXX : real-life data from the Italian LORHEN Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity9178 :: ('MESH:D055985', 'Disease') :: ['latent tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Potential cardiac sources of @entity887 may promote @entity63 . The aim of this study was to evaluate their role in segmental, nongangrenous @entity63 and to determine the usefulness of routine cardiac evaluation in @entity1 with this disease. METHODS: Sixty case and 60 control @entity1 matched for age and gender were included and questioned regarding treatment and prior cardiovascular history or risk factors. Potential cardiac sources of @entity887 , classified as "proven" or " still debated," were screened using an electrocardiogram, rhythmic Holter monitoring over 24 h, and transthoracic echocardiography. RESULTS: Sex ratio (male:female) was 1:2, and mean age was 70 +/- 14 yr. Case and control @entity1 had similar drug use, prior cardiovascular history, and risk factors. A potential cardiac source of @entity887 was found in 26/60 case (43%), compared with 14/60 control @entity1 (23%) (p = 0.02; OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.2-5.5). Excluding the "still debated," 21/60 case (35%), compared with 8/60 control @entity1 (13%), had a "proven" cardiac source of @entity887 (p < 0.01; OR = 3.5, 95% CI = 1.4-8.4). Electrocardiogram alone misdiagnosed 72% of the "proven" cardiac sources of @entity887 , whereas the combination electrocardiogram plus Holter monitoring detected 71%, and electrocardiogram plus echocardiography 62%. Twelve of 21 case @entity1 with at least one proven cardiac source of @entity887 , were previously unknown. Anticoagulant therapy was required in 32% of case patients and antiarrhythmic therapy in 25% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Potential cardiac sources of @entity887 were more common in @entity1 with segmental, nongangrenous @entity63 than in control @entity1 . Therefore, these @entity1 should undergo a routine electrocardiogram, rhythmic Holter monitoring, and transthoracic echocardiography. Anticoagulant therapy should also be considered for this @entity1 population.

title: Cardiac sources of XXXX should be routinely screened in @entity63 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic colitis']

answer: @entity887 :: (MESH:D004617,Disease) :: ['embolism']


abstract: Objective This study was performed to analyze the lesion patterns of lacunae-sized @entity1188 on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) findings in the perforating arterial territory, and to determine whether this pattern of satellite lesions affected @entity4681 ( @entity4681 ). Methods Seventy-five @entity1 with acute lacunae-sized @entity1188 in the perforating arterial territory (pons or territory of the lenticulostriate arteries), which was confirmed by cranial magnetic resonance image (MRI), were enrolled in this study. These @entity1 were divided into @entity4681 (n=30) and @entity4681 ( @entity4681 ) (n=45) groups according to the dynamic scores of the National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) within 7 days after @entity64 . The lesion patterns of lacunae-sized @entity1188 were divided into single oval or satellite lesions signs based on DWI. The risk factors of @entity64 and the clinical characteristics of all the subjects, including @entity51 , @entity4798 patterns in image, and the condition of the basilar artery, were comparatively analyzed. Results The constituent ratio of satellite lesions signs [20/30 (66.7%)] in the @entity4681 group was higher than that [10/45 (22.2%)] of the @entity4681 group (  (2)= 6.1, p=0.013). Mean NIHSS scores in the @entity4681 group on admission were higher than that of the @entity4681 group (4.60  1.40 vs. 3.75  1.2, t=2.81, p=0.003). A logistic regression analysis showed that the pattern of satellite lesions was associated with @entity4681 .    odds ratio (OR): 3.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25-7.17, p=0.014   . Conclusion Satellite lesions are one of the features of lacunae-sized @entity1188 patterns, which might be an independent predictor in DWI findings for @entity4681 in @entity1 with lacunae-sized @entity1188 in the perforating arterial territory.

title: The Infarct Shape Predicts Progressive Motor Deficits in XXXX with Acute Lacunae-sized Infarctions in the Perforating Arterial Territory.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['infarction lesion']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['PMD', 'progressive motor defect', 'non-progressive motor defect', 'NPMD']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']