abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this systematic review is to analyze the available literature on structural and functional @entity75 in @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ) using several brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. METHODS: PubMed and Web of Science were systematically screened for relevant literature using different combinations of keywords regarding structural and functional brain imaging techniques in @entity1 with @entity1643 . Reference lists of included articles were hand-searched for additional literature. Eligible articles were assessed on risk of bias and reviewed by two independent researchers. RESULTS: The search query returned 27 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. Methodological quality varied from poor to good. A total of 10 studies evaluated structural gray matter changes. There is conflicting evidence in global gray matter changes, with both increases and decreases shown in different studies. Gray matter changes were demonstrated in specific brain regions. Structural white matter changes were reported in five studies. There is conflicting evidence in total white matter volume due to both @entity62 . Several regional differences were identified in which white matter changes were shown. Functional organization during rest was evaluated in 10 studies. @entity1643 @entity1 showed increased activation in specific regions, together with a @entity15131 . A total of six studies evaluated brain activity in response to a nociceptive stimulus. Findings suggest that @entity1 demonstrated increased activity in @entity158 -related regions, and decreased activity in analgesic regions. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, there is moderate evidence for regional changes in gray and white matter, together with an altered functional connectivity during rest and increased activity in @entity158 following painful stimulation, evidencing an @entity158 matrix. More longitudinal research is needed to clarify the temporal relationship regarding @entity158 and neuroplastic changes, and integration of different brain imaging techniques is warranted.

title: @entity75 in XXXX : A systematic review(   ).

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain', 'CLBP']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['upregulated pain', 'pain', 'pain-related areas']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['increases and unchanged white matter']

entities_list: @entity15131 :: ('MESH:C537734', 'Disease') :: ['disrupted default mode network']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['chronic low back pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: To characterize intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameters in different regions of interest (ROIs) of @entity95 VX2 @entity96 during a follow-up of 4 weeks. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. In 18 VX2 @entity96 -bearing @entity95 , IVIM DW imaging was serially performed at the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th week separately after @entity5 implantation at 1.5T by using 12 b values. Three ROIs were drawn on the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps, including the whole lesion, the visibly most restricted diffusion area (MRDA), and peripheral area of @entity5 . For each ROI of @entity5 , serial changes in ADC and D, D*, and f at three timepoints were calculated. The differences of IVIM parameters in different @entity5 at each timepoint were compared. RESULTS: Serial measurements of f in all three ROIs (P   =   0.000, P   =   0.002, and P   =   0.000), ADC for the whole lesion, MRDA (P   =   0.000 and P   =   0.024), and D for MRDA (P   =   0.001) from the 2nd to 4th week illustrated a statistical difference. The overall comparison of ADC (P   =   0.000, P   =   0.014, and P   =   0.000), D (P   =   0.000, P   =   0.001, and P   =   0.000), and f (P   =   0.001, P   =   0.001, and P   =   0.000) for three @entity5 regions at weeks 2, 3, and 4 showed significant differences. D* in all three ROIs at each timepoint showed no significant differences (P   =   0.612, P   =   0.723, and P   =   0.699; 95% confidence interval: 0.184-0.950). CONCLUSION: The peripheral area of @entity5 could be used as an alternative to the whole lesion as ROIs to assess the VX2 @entity96 with IVIM DW imaging, and in the period between weeks 2 and 3. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015.

title: Intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted MRI for characterizing regional variability and monitoring serial changes of parameters in @entity95 VX2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'ROIs of tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors', 'liver tumor']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver tumors']


abstract: @entity6 and @entity177 have been associated with extremely high @entity256 rates following successful angioplasty, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. @entity1442 end products (AGEs) accumulate in vascular tissues with aging and at an accelerated rate in @entity6 and @entity177 . AGEs are particularly abundant at sites of @entity731 . AGEs interact with specific receptors ( @entity4283 ) present on all cells relevant to the @entity256 process including inflammatory cells and smooth muscle cells. AGEs- @entity4283 interaction in vessel wall may lead to @entity32 , smooth muscle cell proliferation, and extracellular matrix production, culminating in exaggerated intimal @entity1373 and @entity256 . Following @entity1317 , the interaction of AGEs with monocytes expressing @entity4283 can promote migration of inflammatory cells into the lesion and subsequent release of growth factors and cytokines. Binding of AGEs- @entity4283 on smooth muscle cells increases chemotactic migration and cellular proliferation. AGEs trigger the generation of reactive @entity26 species, and upregulate the multifunctional transcription factor @entity2451 . Finally, AGEs can augment extracellular matrix production by upregulating transforming growth factor-beta. Thus, accumulation of AGEs in vessel wall provides a common mechanism for the high @entity256 rates of @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity177 .

title: Potential role of advanced glycosylation end products in promoting @entity256 in @entity6 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['Advanced glycosylation']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['arterial injury']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic lesions']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['renal failure']


abstract: AIM: The purpose was to evaluate the diagnosis and efficacy of management of @entity2914 ( @entity2914 ) in a tertiary health center of a developing country. METHODS: Forty-six @entity1 aged from 1 day to 7 years were studied. Parameters studied were age, sex, clinical features, and management. RESULTS: Fifty-six percent of @entity1 presented in the neonatal period; however, none of them presented on the first day of life. The majority (91.3%) of @entity1 had left-sided @entity2914 . Respiratory distress was the most common clinical feature observed (91.3%). Chest X-ray confirmed the diagnosis in 82.6% of @entity1 , and contrast study was needed in the remaining 17.4%. The survival rate was 87%. It was better in @entity1 presenting late than those presenting in the early neonatal period. Stabilization in the preoperative period improved survival. Not using a chest tube had no adverse effect on survival. CONCLUSION: The relatively increased survival rate of @entity2914 in a tertiary health center of a developing country is attributed to delayed arrival to the center. @entity1729 compound the survival. More studies are needed before it can be safely said that not using a chest tube has no adverse outcome. Late presentation has been associated with varied manifestations, hence proper clinical evaluation, a high index of suspicion and adequate management, which includes imaging and surgery after stabilization, gives excellent results.

title: Evaluation of XXXX in a tertiary health center of a developing country: management and survival.

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['congenital diaphragmatic hernia', 'CDH']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['Respiratory infections']

answer: @entity2914 :: (MESH:D065630,Disease) :: ['congenital diaphragmatic hernia']


abstract: PURPOSE: Tumoural @entity715 ( @entity715 ) is a major prognostic @entity157 ( @entity157 ). The efficacy of @entity2857 , the only treatment approved at an advanced stage, is limited. Based on previous data, selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT), or (90)Y radioembolization, seems an interesting option. We aimed to compare both treatments in this population. METHODS: We retrospectively compared @entity1 treated in two centres for @entity157 with @entity5 @entity715 . We compared @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) between @entity1 treated with SIRT and @entity1 treated with @entity2857 . Analyses were performed before and after 1:1 matching with a propensity score for controlling indication bias, using a Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: A total of 151 @entity1 were analysed, 34 @entity1 treated with SIRT and 117 @entity1 treated with @entity2857 only. In the whole population, SIRT was associated with a higher median @entity1349 as compared with @entity2857 : 18.8 vs 6.5  months (log-rank p   <   0.001). There was an imbalance of baseline characteristics between @entity1 treated by SIRT and @entity2857 , which justified @entity1 matching with use of a propensity score: 24 @entity1 treated with SIRT could be matched with 24 @entity1 treated with @entity2857 . @entity1349 was estimated with a median of 26.2 vs 8.7  months in @entity1 treated with SIRT vs @entity2857 , respectively (log-rank p   =   0.054). Before and after @entity1 matching, the adjusted hazard ratio related to treatment by SIRT was estimated at 0.62 [95  % confidence interval (CI) 0.39-0.97] (p   =   0.037) and 0.40 (95  % CI 0.19-0.82) (p   =   0.013), respectively. CONCLUSION: SIRT seems more effective than @entity2857 in @entity1 presenting with @entity157 and @entity5 @entity715 . This hypothesis is being tested in prospective randomized trials.

title: Selective internal radiation therapy compared with @entity2857 for XXXX with @entity715 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumoural']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'factor in hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['portal vein thrombosis', 'PVT']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: Antipsychotic agents, such as @entity1088 and @entity1090 , have been reported to be beneficial in the treatment of some @entity162 @entity1 . Many @entity162 @entity1 experience 'breakthrough episodes' of @entity1316 , with @entity162 or @entity308 recurring despite adequate ongoing levels of one or more mood-stabilizing medications. There are no controlled studies of breakthrough episodes, and there is little open experience to guide clinicians in pharmacotherapy of breakthrough episodes. This report describes the outcome of adjunctive @entity1090 treatment in breakthrough episodes of @entity162 . We assessed the outcome of openly adding @entity1090 to the medication regimen of 12 outpatients with @entity162 , type I, who suffered breakthrough episodes despite adequate maintenance medication ( @entity1091 , @entity1092 , or @entity2049 , or a combination of these). Prospective ratings were made at each clinical visit using the Clinical Global Impressions and Global Assessment of Functioning scales. @entity1 received @entity1090 for a mean of 6.0 months (23.96 weeks, range 0.5-72 weeks) at a mean dose of 2.75 mg/day (range 1-4.5 mg/day). Four @entity1 discontinued medication (two because of lack of efficacy at weeks 6 and 64, and two because of adverse events at weeks 0.5 and 23). Among the remaining eight @entity1 , four experienced a 10-25 point improvement in Global Assessment of Functioning scores and were rated much better on the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scale. Although one @entity1 suffered a major @entity308 (at week 22), no @entity1 experienced worsening of @entity162 . This small open series suggests a subgroup of @entity162 @entity1 with breakthrough episodes may benefit from treatment with @entity1090 .

title: Long-term @entity1090 treatment in XXXX : 6-month follow up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'mania', 'bipolar']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive recurrence', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorder']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: Dendritic cells (DC) are known to be the most potent @entity1412 and to stimulate antigen-specific T cell responses. Recently it was reported that @entity19 DC were also capable of modulating the innate immunity by stimulating NK cells through cell-to-cell contact. In the present study, we examined whether @entity1 DC could affect NK activity. Both monocyte-derived and @entity8730 (+) blood DC were tested. The addition of DC to cultures of @entity2940 (+) cells resulted in the significant dose-dependent enhancement of the killing activity against various NK-sensitive targets. The resultant activity was comparable to that induced by optimal concentrations of various cytokines, including @entity1199 , IL-12, @entity8252 and @entity379 . Interestingly, DC enhanced the @entity137 of CD3(-) @entity2940 (+) NK cells, but not that of CD3(+) @entity2940 (+) T cells. Experiments using transwells clearly demonstrated that the enhancement of NK activity by DC was mediated by soluble factors produced by DC. The culture supernatants of DC also stimulated NK activity. The treatment of both DC and their supernatants with anti-human IL-12 or @entity8923 antibodies did not block the enhancement of NK cell-mediated cytolysis by DC, indicating that other factor(s) produced by DC were responsible for the enhancement of NK activity. These results suggest that @entity1 myeloid DC can modulate innate immunity by enhancing NK activity.

title: @entity1 monocyte-derived and @entity8730 (+) blood dendritic cells enhance NK cell-mediated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxicity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the level of agreement between @entity64 subtype classifications made using the Trial of @entity10269 Acute @entity64 Treatment (TOAST) and Causative Classification of @entity64 (CCS) systems. METHODS: Study subjects included 13,596 adult @entity1 and @entity1 accrued from 20 US and European genetic research centers participating in the National Institute of @entity16 and @entity64 (NINDS) @entity64 Genetics Network (SiGN). All cases had independently classified TOAST and CCS @entity64 subtypes. Kappa statistics were calculated for the 5 major @entity385 subtypes common to both systems. RESULTS: The overall agreement between TOAST and CCS was moderate (agreement rate, 70%; k = 0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58-0.60). Agreement varied widely across study sites, ranging from 28% to 90%. Agreement on specific subtypes was highest for large-artery @entity731 (k = 0.71, 95% CI 0.69-0.73) and lowest for small-artery occlusion (k = 0.56, 95% CI 0.54-0.58). CONCLUSION: Agreement between TOAST and CCS diagnoses was moderate. Caution is warranted when comparing or combining results based on the 2 systems. Replication of study results, for example, genome-wide association studies, should utilize phenotypes determined by the same classification system, ideally applied in the same manner.

title: Agreement between TOAST and CCS XXXX classification: The NINDS SiGN Study.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological Disorders']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current guidelines indicate that D2 resection is the standard of care for @entity1 with locally advanced @entity356 . To assess the impact of quality assurance of lymph node removal, non-compliance and contamination in the @entity14169 study arms of the Dutch @entity356 Trial were investigated with respect to recurrence and survival. METHODS: The location and numbers of lymph nodes detected at pathological investigation in the Dutch @entity356 Trial were compared according to the guidelines of the Japanese Research Society for the study of @entity356 . Non-compliance was defined as inadequate removal of lymph node stations. Contamination was defined as lymph nodes removed outside the intended level of resection. The dissection groups @entity14169 were divided into non-compliance, compliance and contamination categories. Long-term overall survival was calculated for minor (2 or fewer lymph nodes) and major (more than 2 lymph nodes) non-compliance and contamination in the @entity14169 group, using Kaplan-Meier plots. RESULTS: Some 1078 @entity1 were included, of whom 711 with potentially curative surgical resections were evaluated. Overall non-compliance was 80  5 per cent in the D1 and 81  6 per cent in the D2 group. Major non-compliance occurred in 15  3 per cent of the D1 and 26  0 per cent of the D2 group. Major contamination hardly occurred. Overall 15-year survival rates in the randomized groups were 21  2 per cent (D1) and 29  0 per cent (D2) (P   =   0  351). After exclusion of @entity1 with major non-compliance and/or major contamination, survival rates were 23  2 per cent (319 @entity1 ) and 32  6 per cent (245) respectively (P   =   0  261). Where there was major non-compliance, survival rates in the D1 (58 @entity1 ) and D2 (86) groups were 10 and 17 per cent respectively (P   =   0  302). Survival in the D2 compliant   +   contaminated group (139 @entity1 ) was significantly better than that in the D1 group without contamination (282): 35  7 versus 19  9 per cent (P   =   0  041). In the D2 group, there was a significant difference in survival between contaminated (95 @entity1 ) and non-contaminated (236) groups: 39 versus 25  1 per cent (P   =   0  041). CONCLUSION: Non-compliance in the D2 dissection group may have obscured a significant difference in survival between the randomized groups. A D2 dissection with contamination was associated with the best survival, suggesting that extended D2 lymph node dissections improve survival.

title: Quality control of lymph node dissection in the Dutch XXXX Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'Gastric Cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The United States (US) has re-instituted @entity14333 vaccinations to prepare for an intentional release of the @entity14333 into the civilian population. In an outbreak, @entity1 of all ages will be vaccinated. To prepare for the impact of large-scale ring and mass vaccinations, we conducted a systematic review of the complication and mortality risks of @entity14333 vaccination. We summarized these risks for post-vaccinial @entity198 , @entity19786 ( @entity19786 ), @entity23923 , @entity19786 , and accidental @entity281 (inadvertant autoinoculation). METHODS: Using a MEDLINE search strategy, we identified 348 articles, of which seven studies met our inclusion criteria (the number of primary vaccinations and re-vaccinations were reported, sufficient data were provided to calculate complication or case-fatality risks, and comparable case definitions were used). For each complication, we estimated of the complication, @entity204 , and case-fatality risks. RESULTS: The life-threatening complications of post-vaccinial @entity198 and @entity19786 were at least 3 and 1 per million primary vaccinations, respectively. Twenty-nine percent of vaccinees with post-vaccinial @entity198 died and 15% with @entity19786 died. There were no deaths among vaccinees that developed @entity23923 ; however, 2.3% of non-vaccinated contacts with @entity23923 died. Among re-vaccinees, the risk of post-vaccinial @entity198 was reduced 26-fold, the risk of @entity19786 was reduced 29-fold, and the risk of @entity23923 was reduced 12-fold. However, the risk reductions of accidental @entity281 were modest (3.8 and 1.5 fold respectively).

title: Risks of serious complications and XXXX from @entity14333 vaccination: a systematic review of the United States experience, 1963-1968.

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity14333 :: ('10255', 'Species') :: ['smallpox', 'smallpox virus']

entities_list: @entity23923 :: ('MESH:D007617', 'Disease') :: ['eczema vaccinatum']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infection and vaccinia necrosum']

entities_list: @entity19786 :: ('MESH:D014615', 'Disease') :: ['progressive vaccinia', 'vaccinia necrosum', 'generalized vaccinia']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: A @entity1 with @entity5506 and anti-I antibody was studied. The titer of the patient's serum at 4 degrees C was 700 with adult I RBC, 256 with cord RBC, 256 with adult i RBC. At room temperature the titers were decreased and the serum also reacted at a titer of 4,000 with enzyme treated adult I RBC. @entity3902 treatment of the serum and purified antibody decreased reactivity only slightly, indicating that the antibody was IgG. The heat eluate contained 1.2 mg/ml IgG kappa, but only 80 micrograms/ml IgM kappa. A hybridoma made by fusing the @entity1 's peripheral blood lymphocytes with a @entity1 @entity1582 cell line contained only IgM kappa (30 micrograms/ml) anti-I activity. The IgM fraction of the heat eluate reacted similarly to the hybridoma supernatant. The IgG fraction resembled the serum and heat eluate. In this case study, IgG kappa and IgM kappa immunoglobulins, both possessing cold agglutinin activity, were present in the patient's serum. This finding is unusual in @entity5506 and in view of the predominance of an IgG cold agglutinin, splenectomy was recommended for treatment.

title: A combination of IgG and IgM autoantibodies in XXXX : immunologic studies and response to splenectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5506 :: ('MESH:D000744', 'Disease') :: ['chronic cold agglutinin disease', 'idiopathic cold agglutinin disease']

entities_list: @entity3902 :: ('MESH:D004229', 'Chemical') :: ['Dithiothreitol']

answer: @entity5506 :: (MESH:D000744,Disease) :: ['chronic cold agglutinin disease']


abstract: Non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO) were shown to reduce @entity32 in experimental @entity1960 , but it remains unclear whether microbiota changes mediate their @entity1960 -modulating effects. This study assessed intestinal microbiota and intestinal @entity32 after feeding chemically defined AIN-76A or @entity35 chow diets, with or without supplementation with 8 g/kg body weight of fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) or isomalto-oligosaccharides (IMO). The study used HLA-B27 transgenic @entity35 , a validated model of @entity29 ( @entity29 ), in a factorial design with 6 treatment groups. Intestinal @entity32 and intestinal microbiota were analysed after 12 weeks of treatment. FOS and IMO reduced @entity1960 in animals fed @entity35 chow, but exhibited no anti-inflammatory effect when added to AIN-76A diets. Both NDO induced specific but divergent microbiota changes. Bifidobacteria and Enterobacteriaceae were stimulated by FOS, whereas copy numbers of Clostridium cluster IV were decreased. In addition, higher concentrations of total @entity22780 (SCFA) were observed in cecal contents of @entity35 on @entity35 chow compared to the chemically defined diet. AIN-76A increased the relative proportions of @entity4919 , @entity18657 , valerate and @entity9460 irrespective of the oligosaccharide treatment. The SCFA composition, particularly the relative concentration of @entity18657 , @entity9461 and @entity9460 , was associated (P  <= 0.004 and r >=  0.4) with @entity1960 and @entity3426 concentration of the cecal mucosa. This study demonstrated that the protective effects of fibres on @entity1960 development depend on the diet. Although diets modified specific cecal microbiota, our study indicates that these changes were not associated with @entity1960 reduction. Intestinal @entity32 was positively correlated to protein fermentation and negatively correlated with @entity1735 fermentation in the large intestine.

title: Chemically defined diet alters the protective properties of fructo-oligosaccharides and isomalto-oligosaccharides in HLA-B27 transgenic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4919 :: ('CHEBI:17272', 'Chemical') :: ['propionate']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity9461 :: ('CHEBI:17418', 'Chemical') :: ['valerate']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['colitis', 'increased colitis']

entities_list: @entity9460 :: ('CHEBI:48942', 'Chemical') :: ['iso-valerate']

entities_list: @entity18657 :: ('CHEBI:16135', 'Chemical') :: ['iso-butyrate']

entities_list: @entity22780 :: ('MESH:D005232', 'Chemical') :: ['short-chain fatty acids']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bariatric procedures can induce a massive @entity353 that lasts for >15 years after surgery; in addition, they achieve important metabolic effects including @entity6 resolution in the majority of morbidly @entity28 @entity1 . However, some bariatric interventions may cause @entity354 and other serious complications. The aim of our study is to evaluate the risk of @entity5 after bariatric surgery. METHODS: We conducted a review of the literature about the cases of @entity356 arising after any bariatric procedure, including a case of @entity420 incidentally discovered by the authors 6 months after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. RESULTS: Globally, 17 case reports describing 18 @entity1 were retrieved, including the case study by the authors. The diagnosis of @entity5 was at a mean of 8.6 years after bariatric surgery, 9.3 years after RYGB, and 8.1 years after restrictive procedures. The @entity420 represented most cases (15 @entity1 , 83%). In the @entity1 with RYGB, the @entity420 was localized in the excluded stomach in 5 @entity1 (83%) and in the pouch in 1 @entity1 (17%). After a restrictive procedure, the @entity5 was localized in the pouch in 5 @entity1 (62.5%), in the pylorus in 2 @entity1 (25%), and in lesser curvature only in 1 @entity1 (12.5%). CONCLUSIONS: There is a lack of evidence about a connection between the late occurrence of @entity356 and the bariatric surgery. For this reason, although the preoperative @entity1729 is still mandatory, there is no need for a regular endoscopic evaluation of @entity1 after surgery.

title: XXXX following bariatric surgery: a review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper endoscopy']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The therapeutic strategy to be recommended in case of recurrent or persistent @entity1544 after completed definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) has to be documented. Salvage esophagectomy has traditionally been recognized as a viable option, but many clinicians oppose the use of surgery due to the associated excessive morbidity and mortality. 'Second-line' chemoradiotherapy (CRT) without surgery may offer a treatment alternative in these difficult and demanding clinical situations. Until now, no comprehensive attempt has been carried out to compare the respective therapeutic options. A systematic literature search was performed focusing on studies comparing survival and treatment-related mortality in @entity1 submitted to salvage esophagectomy or second-line CRT for recurrent or persistent @entity1721 after dCRT. Hazard ratios and risk ratios were calculated to compare the effect of these therapeutic strategies on overall survival and treatment-related mortality, respectively. Four studies containing 219 @entity1 , with persistent or recurrent @entity1721 after dCRT, were included in the meta-analysis. The analysis revealed an overall survival benefit following salvage esophagectomy with a pooled hazard ratio for death of 0.42 (95% confidence interval 0.21-0.86, P = 0.017) compared with second-line CRT. A treatment-related mortality of 10.3% was recorded in the 36 @entity1 who were submitted to salvage esophagectomy, while it was impossible to perform a meta-analysis comparing treatment-related mortality between the groups. Salvage esophagectomy offers significant gain in long-term survival compared with second-line CRT, although the surgery is potentially at a price of a high treatment-related mortality.

title: Systematic review and meta-analysis on the significance of salvage esophagectomy for persistent or recurrent XXXX after definitive chemoradiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1721 :: (MESH:C562729,Disease) :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Acute vertebrobasilar @entity385 is often associated with high morbidity and mortality with limited therapeutic options. Endovascular treatment with thrombolysis has offered some hope for affected @entity1 ; however, overall outcomes have been less than satisfactory. In this report, we present the results of our approach in six consecutive cases of acute vertebrobasilar @entity385 by combined proximal vessel stent placement and thrombolysis. METHODS: Six consecutive cases were retrospectively reviewed for the clinical outcome of @entity1 presenting to our institution with acute posterior circulation @entity64 who underwent cerebral revascularization including proximal arterial stent placement by using balloon-expandable coronary stents and intraarterial thrombolysis. All of these @entity1 were initially evaluated by @entity64 team neurologists and imaged with MR, including diffusion-weighted imaging documenting acute posterior circulation @entity64 . MR angiography of the circle of Willis was also obtained. Short-term follow-up was conducted to assess National Institutes of @entity64 scores (NIHSS) and modified Rankin scores. RESULTS: In these six cases, a combined approach of proximal arterial stent placement (five cases of vertebral artery origin and one case of carotid and subclavian stent placement plus vertebral artery revascularization) and thrombolysis was performed at variable times after @entity64 onset (range, 30 hours to 5 days). Four of the six @entity1 had good basilar artery recanalization (Thrombolysis in @entity583 [TIMI] grade 0-1 before tissue plasminogen activator thrombolysis and TIMI grade 2 after procedure). Four of six @entity1 had excellent immediate recovery and were discharged to an acute rehabilitation unit or their homes with improved neurologic symptoms and functional status. Two @entity1 died: one @entity1 presented with @entity772 at outset with an NIHSS of 38, and the other @entity1 probably had reocclusion of the basilar artery within 24 hours despite initial postprocedural improvement. CONCLUSION: We demonstrate that, in the setting of @entity64 , stent placement in combination with revascularization and thrombolysis is practical and allows quick access to a clot and simultaneously increases perfusion through collaterals during the thrombolytic process. In particular, basilar thrombolysis may be facilitated by proximal vertebral stent placement as concomitant @entity850 is common.

title: Combined stent placement and thrombolysis in acute vertebrobasilar XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Health stroke', 'stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial Infarction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous vertebrobasilar stenosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of a concomitant boost fractionation schedule of radiotherapy for treating @entity1 with @entity957 of the tonsillar fossa. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between December 1983 and November 1992, 83 @entity1 with @entity957 of the tonsil were treated with concomitant boost fractionation. The distribution of American Joint Committee on @entity5 stages was TX-4, T1-5, T2-29, T3-41, T4-4; N stages were NX-1, N0-26, N1-13, N2-31, N3-12. @entity1 were treated with standard large fields to 54 Gy in 6 weeks. The boost treatment consisted of a second daily 1.5 Gy fraction for 10-12 fractions, usually delivered during the final phase of treatment. The @entity5 dose was 69-72 Gy, given over 6 weeks. Twenty-one @entity1 , who all had N2 or N3 regional disease, underwent neck dissections, either before (13 @entity1 ) or 6 weeks after radiotherapy (8 @entity1 ); the other @entity1 were treated with radiotherapy alone. RESULTS: The 5-year actuarial disease-specific survival and overall survival rates were 71 and 60%, respectively. @entity1 with T2 and T3 @entity5 had 5-year actuarial local control rates of 96 and 78%, respectively. @entity1 with T3 disease who received the final-phase boost had a 5-year actuarial local control rate of 82%. Actuarial 5-year regional disease control rates were N0, 92%; N1, 76%; N2, 89%; and N3, 89%. The 21 @entity1 who had neck dissections all had their disease regionally controlled. @entity1 presenting with @entity66 or after a node excision who were treated with radiation alone had a 5-year actuarial regional disease control rate of 79%. All but five @entity1 had confluent Grade 4 @entity33 during treatment. Severe late complications attributable to radiation included mandibular necrosis [1], in-field @entity421 [1], and chronic @entity1282 for solid foods [5]. CONCLUSIONS: High rates of local and regional disease control were achieved with the concomitant boost fractionation schedule, with few cases of severe late morbidity. @entity1 with N2 and N3 neck disease were effectively treated with radiation and the selective use of neck dissections. The concomitant boost schedule is our preferred fractionation approach for treating @entity1 with intermediate stage tonsil @entity5 who are not participating in our current research protocols.

title: Concomitant boost radiotherapy for XXXX of the tonsillar fossa.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nodal disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'cancer', 'Cancer T']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with a severe @entity131 ( @entity131 ) often experience problems understanding non-literal utterances such as sarcasm and lies in dyadic exchanges. This study aimed to investigate whether these problems extend to settings where speakers vary in their degree of sincerity and whether such problems are associated with @entity73 (emotion perception, theory of mind, and self-reported empathy) or cognitive abilities (abstract reasoning, working memory, processing speed, attentional switching). METHODS: Thirty-one adults with severe @entity131 (24 males) and 25 demographically matched controls (20 males) participated. They watched video vignettes depicting four actors volunteering for additional duties. Each speaker made a limited verbal response which literally suggested a willingness to be involved, but the sincerity with which the response was made was tempered by the actor's emotional demeanour. @entity1 rated each speaker in the vignettes for degree of sincerity (0-100%). Standardized measures of @entity73 were also taken. RESULTS: Control @entity1 had excellent agreement (a  =  .90) in their rankings of actors according to sincerity. @entity131 @entity1 were less consistent (a  =  .65). Overall, they were sensitive to decreasing sincerity but generally less accurate than control @entity1 . They were poorer at differentiating between levels of sincerity and rated insincere expressions as more sincere, although they rated sincere expressions similarly. Poorer working memory and poorer social cognition were associated with poorer sincerity/sarcasm detection in the @entity1 with @entity131 , but only social cognition was uniquely associated. CONCLUSIONS: Some adults with @entity131 have difficulty assessing the level of sincerity of speakers. Moreover, poorer social cognition abilities are associated with this difficulty.

title: XXXX of sincerity after severe @entity131 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'People']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive and social cognitive function', 'deficits in social cognitive abilities']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Impaired perception']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few studies of @entity1 with @entity4153 ( @entity4153 ) have been conducted. Choice of treatment remains controversial. METHODS: The authors analyzed data on 199 evaluable esophageal @entity4153 @entity1 , selected from among 230 @entity1 found in the literature, and a data extraction form that recorded 11 features was completed. To allow for the evaluation of prognostic factors that influenced survival, the @entity1 were grouped according to @entity5 ( @entity5 ), which was defined as disease confined to the esophagus, or @entity5 ( @entity5 ), which was defined as disease that had spread beyond locoregional boundaries. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Treatment was categorized as either local or local with systemic; for the @entity5 cases, the categories were defined as treatment versus no treatment. RESULTS: The @entity5 site was described in 178 cases (89%). Mean @entity5 size was 6.1. Pure @entity4153 was found in 137 cases (68.8%), whereas 62 cases (31.2%) showed mixed @entity4153 ; 93 (46.7%) were @entity5 , whereas 95 (47.7%) were @entity5 . In 11 cases (5.5%), the stage was not determined. There was a significant difference in survival between @entity1 with @entity5 and those with @entity5 (P < 0.0001). The median survival was 8 months for @entity1 with @entity5 and 3 months for those with @entity5 . Univariate analysis of @entity5 showed 3 significant prognostic factors: age (for @entity1 age < or =60 years, the median survival was 11 months, whereas for those age >60 years, the median survival was 6 months), @entity5 size (for those with @entity5 < or =5 cm, the median survival was 12 months, whereas for those with @entity5 >5 cm, the median survival was 4 months), and type of treatment (with local plus systemic treatment, the median survival was 20 months, whereas with local it was 5 months). In multivariate analysis, @entity5 size (P = 0.007) and type of treatment (P < 0.001) were shown to be independent predictive variables. CONCLUSIONS: Esophageal @entity4153 is an @entity146 . This study shows that there are significant differences between @entity5 and @entity5 and that in @entity5 , both @entity5 size and type of treatment are possible prognostic factors.

title: XXXX of the esophagus: a review of the literature with emphasis on therapy and prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'extensive stage', 'limited stage', 'ES', 'LS']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal small cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive type of tumor']

answer: @entity4153 :: (MESH:D018288,Disease) :: ['Primary small cell carcinoma']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between @entity250 , repeat biopsies and other demographic and clinical factors in @entity1 on @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ). METHODS: @entity1 -reported outcomes (PROs) measures were administered at enrollment and every 6 months to assess quality of life (QOL), psychosocial and urological health outcomes. Using mixed-effects models, we examined the impact of repeat biopsies, total number of cores taken, @entity148 , age, and comorbidity on sexual function over the first 24 months of enrolling in @entity3457 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: PROs included the Expanded @entity263 Index Composite-26 (EPIC-26) Sexual Function (SF) subscale, the American Urological Association-Symptom Index (AUA-SI), and the Memorial @entity148 Scale for @entity263 (MAX-PC). RESULTS: At enrollment (n   =   195), mean age was 66.5        6.8 with a mean EPIC-26 SF score of 61.4        30.4. EPIC-26 SF scores steadily decreased to 53.9        30.7 at 24 months (P   <   0.01). MAX-PC scores also progressively decreased over time (P   =   0.03). Factors associated with lower EPIC-26 scores over time included age, unemployed status, @entity6 , @entity453 , and @entity101 (all P   <   0.05). Higher @entity1486 (PSA) was associated with a more rapid decline in EPIC-26 SF over time (P   =   0.03). In multivariable analysis, age, @entity6 , and PSA   *   time interaction remained significant predictors of diminished sexual function. @entity148 , number of biopsies, and total cores taken did not predict @entity250 or change over time in our cohort. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 on @entity3457 experienced a gradual decline in sexual function during the first 24 months of enrollment. Older age, PSA   *   time, and @entity6 were all independent predictors of diminished sexual function over time. @entity148 , AUA-SI, the number of cores and the number of biopsies were not predictors of reduced sexual function in @entity1 in @entity3457 .

title: A Longitudinal Study of Predictors of @entity250 in @entity1 on Active Surveillance for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['Prostate Cancer']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['active surveillance', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: We have identified an @entity958 mutant that displays enhanced disease resistance to the fungus Erysiphe cichoracearum, causal agent of powdery mildew. The @entity70471 mutant does not constitutively express the pathogenesis-related genes @entity40887 , @entity45042 , or @entity14352 and thus differs from previously described disease-resistant mutants of @entity958 . E. cichoracearum conidia (asexual spores) germinated normally and formed extensive hyphae on @entity70471 plants, indicating that the initial stages of infection were not inhibited. Production of conidiophores on @entity70471 plants, however, was <16% of that observed on wild-type @entity958 . Reduction in sporulation correlated with a more rapid induction of defense responses. Autofluorescent compounds and callose accumulated in @entity70471 leaves 3 days after inoculation with E. cichoracearum, and dead mesophyll cells accumulated in @entity70471 leaves starting 5 days after inoculation. Macroscopic patches of dead cells appeared 6 days after inoculation. This resistance phenotype is similar to that conferred by "late-acting" powdery mildew resistance genes of @entity3505 and @entity2247 . The @entity70471 mutation is recessive and maps to chromosome 1 between molecular markers ATEAT1 and NCC1. We speculate that the @entity70471 mutation derepresses multiple defense responses, making them more easily induced by virulent pathogens.

title: An XXXX mutant with enhanced resistance to powdery mildew.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors' earlier retrospective report of surgical complications after abdominal contouring surgery provided evidence that post-bariatric surgery @entity1 are at increased risk of developing wound complications compared with a normal population. This prospective pilot study was designed as a comparative analysis of both surgical and wound healing characteristics between massive @entity353 and normal @entity1 who present for abdominal contouring surgery. METHODS: Excisional wounds were created and @entity736 tubing was inserted during the preoperative period for later harvesting in @entity1 undergoing abdominal contouring following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for @entity353 (n = 16) or abdominoplasty (n = 17). Wound fluids were sequentially collected from drains and subjected to matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) analysis. Standard postsurgical complications were documented. RESULTS: Surgical complications were more common in @entity353 @entity1 (47 percent) than in control @entity1 (25 percent). MMP analyses showed that @entity1495 levels remained significantly elevated at postoperative day 4 in @entity1 who subsequently experienced complications in either the @entity353 group (p = 0.02) or the control group (p = 0.03). Other parameters showed no significant differences between massive @entity353 @entity1 and controls. CONCLUSIONS: Although many markers were examined, the ratio of @entity1495 to albumin was the only predictor of postsurgical complications in any group. This lends further support to growing evidence that @entity1495 may be a useful biomarker of postsurgical complications. This pilot work showed no causal factors that explain the higher rates of postsurgical complications in the post-bariatric surgery @entity1 population. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Risk, II.

title: The correlation of XXXX -to-albumin ratio in wound fluid with postsurgical complications after body contouring.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

answer: @entity1495 :: (4318,Gene) :: ['matrix metalloproteinase 9']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity3885 also have respiratory problems in sleep. The continuous acoustic lung sound detection together with a cardiorespiratory polysomnography allows a synchronous registration of @entity2488 as well as vigilance and respiratory parameters in sleep.A total of 20 @entity1 (9 male and 11 female) with @entity1224 and evident diurnal @entity2488 were investigated. We did a monitoring in all @entity1 with a nocturnal continuous acoustic lung sound detection together with a cardiorespiratory polysomnography. The mean age was 55 +/- 12 years (range 23 to 74). In all @entity1 acoustic nocturnal @entity2488 could be registered. The wheezing-time (time portion of wheezing while sleeping) was 32.1 +/- 27.4 % (mean +/- SD). We could not proof reliable a rhythm of @entity2488 . Only 3 @entity1 had increased @entity2488 between 3 and 5 AM. The sleep structure was disturbed in 16 of 20 @entity1 with reduced deep sleep, REM sleep and prolonged sleep latency. Knowing about nocturnal @entity2488 helps to adapt the antiobstructive therapy. One can expect that an improvement of the respiratory situation also improves sleep quality.

title: [Acoustic analysis of nocturnal XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['known obstructive airway disease']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial obstructions', 'bronchial obstruction']

answer: @entity2488 :: (MESH:D001982,Disease) :: ['bronchial obstruction']


abstract: Perturbations of the trans-sarcolemmal and sarcoplasmic @entity141 transport contribute to the abnormal myocardial activity provoked by @entity519 and reoxygenation. Whether @entity141 pools of the extracellular compartment and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) are involved to the same extent in the @entity409 of the anoxic-reoxygenated immature heart has not been investigated. Spontaneously contracting hearts isolated from 4-day-old @entity1573 embryos were submitted to repeated @entity519 (1 min) followed by reoxygenation (5 min). Heart rate, atrioventricular propagation velocity, ventricular shortening, velocities of contraction and relaxation, and incidence of @entity943 were studied, recorded continuously. Addition of @entity1855 (10 nM), which blocks selectively sarcolemmal L-type @entity141 channels, was expected to protect against excessive entry of extracellular @entity141 , whereas addition of @entity8452 (10 nM), which opens the SR @entity141 release channel, was expected to increase cytosolic @entity141 concentration. @entity1855 (a) had no dromotropic effect by contrast to adult heart, (b) attenuated ventricular contracture induced by repeated @entity519 , (c) shortened cardioplegia induced by reoxygenation, and (d) had remarkable antiarrhythmic properties during reoxygenation specially. On the other hand, @entity8452 potentiated markedly @entity943 both during @entity519 and at reoxygenation. Thus despite its immaturity, the SR seems to be functional early in the developing @entity1573 heart and involved in the reversible @entity409 induced by @entity519 -reoxygenation. Moreover, @entity141 entry through L-type channels appears to worsen @entity943 especially during reoxygenation. These findings show that the @entity141 -handling systems involved in irregular activity in immature heart, such as the embryonic @entity1573 heart, may differ from those in the adult.

title: Effects of @entity1855 and XXXX on activity of the embryonic @entity1573 heart during @entity519 and reoxygenation.

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil', 'Verapamil']

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity8452 :: (MESH:D012433,Chemical) :: ['ryanodine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 49 Background: Melanoma has a poor survival rate in advanced stages due to the lack of efficacious approved treatments. However, @entity320 's dermal location enables the application of @entity1 skin models. These models mimic many important characteristics of skin in vivo and obviate the use of invasive procedures. Monitoring gamma-H2AX foci to assess DNA double-strand break (DSB) levels in reconstituted @entity1 3D skin tissue harboring @entity320 cells may provide insights into important questions in @entity5 research. In addition to the differential toxicities of anti- @entity5 agents on the various cell types, we examine how the early drug response of normal tissues might serve as surrogates for predicting treatment efficacy on the @entity5 . METHODS: Commercially available reconstituted 3D human skin tissue consists of dermal fibroblast and epidermal keratinocyte layers with @entity320 A375 cells which have been cultured to form a multilayer, highly differentiated epidermis containing various stages of cutaneous @entity320 . Drugs representative of several different categories were studied, including @entity1732 (a radiomimetic), @entity9800 (a topoisomerase I inhibitor), @entity2903 (a DNA alkylating agent), @entity17528 (a @entity8047 inhibitor), @entity782 (a HDAC inhibitor) and @entity900 (a DNA intercalatingagent). DNA DSB levels were monitored by gamma-H2AX foci formation and apoptosis by TUNEL assay. @entity5 growth was monitored by H_E staining. RESULTS: A wide range of responses in both @entity5 and normal tissue by various drugs were observed, including @entity5 regression and normal tissue @entity137 . The early responses of normal tissues depended on the treatment, providing insights into the use of surrogate tissues as predictors of drug efficacy and later @entity5 regression. CONCLUSIONS: Measuring DNA DSB damage in reconstituted 3D skin tissue is an attractive model for studying the efficacy and @entity137 of genotoxic drugs against @entity320 . If validated, such models would help reduce the use of animals for preclinical studies.

title: Examining the reliability of surrogate tissue predictability of drug efficacy in reconstituted @entity1 3D skin models containing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity9800 :: ('MESH:D002166', 'Chemical') :: ['camptothecin']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanoma tumor', 'melanoma malignancy', 'malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity782 :: ('MESH:C111237', 'Chemical') :: ['Vorinostat']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanomas']


abstract: Sesamin has anti-oxidative functions in vivo. Fatigue is caused in part by oxidative stress. We evaluated whether @entity5420 lignans (sesamin/episesamin=1/1, 10 mg) with @entity270 (55 mg of @entity1881 ) (SVE) could improve subjective statuses and anti-oxidative capacity in @entity1 using questionnaires on @entity1295 , sleep and physical appearance, as well as low-density lipoprotein oxidation lag time. A placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group study was conducted with subjects experiencing daily @entity1295 . After a run-in period, subjects were administered oral SVE or a placebo (P) for 8 weeks. A questionnaire regarding @entity1295 , sleep and physical appearance was conducted at 0, 4, and 8 weeks. Plasma low-density lipoprotein oxidation lag time was measured as an indicator of anti-oxidative capacity. The per-protocol analysis revealed significant improvements in @entity1295 status at 4 and 8 weeks compared to 0 weeks in both groups (p<0.01), and sleep and physical appearance at 8 weeks compared to 0 weeks only in the SVE group (p<0.01). There were no significant differences observed between the groups. According to the 72-subject subgroup analysis (aged 40 and over), the sleep and physical appearance significantly improved compared to the P group (p<0.05), and @entity1295 status showed a tendency for improvement compared to the P group. Anti-oxidative capacity in the SVE group significantly increased compared to the P group (p<0.01). No adverse events relating to SVE supplementation were confirmed. These results suggest SVE supplementation could safely alleviate daily @entity1295 and oxidative stress.

title: @entity5420 Lignans and @entity270 Supplementation Improve Subjective Statuses and Anti-Oxidative Capacity in Healthy XXXX With Feelings of Daily Fatigue.

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity1881 :: ('MESH:D024502', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-tocopherol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Humans']


abstract: @entity1 in intensive care units (ICU) are at risk of @entity580 . The incidence of @entity364 has increased in parallel with the increase of @entity580 . @entity5132 is the most frequent pathogenic species among the fungi. The aim of this study was to make an epidemiological surveillance of @entity5132 urine isolates which were isolated from @entity1 who were hospitalized in ICU between June 2000 and October 2001 by antifungal susceptibility testing and Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. For this purpose, 38 @entity5132 which were isolated from 29 @entity1 were investigated for @entity2379 and @entity2380 susceptibility with the microdilution method. The range of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of @entity2379 was between 0.25-1 microgram/ml and MIC50 value was 0.5 microgram/ml and none of the isolates had high (MIC > 1 microgram/ml) MIC values. The MIC values for @entity2380 varied between 0.25-16 micrograms/ml and MIC50 value was 1 microgram/ml. While none of the isolates was resistant to @entity2380 , two isolates were detected as dose dependent susceptible. RAPD analysis was performed with two different primers in order to investigate clonal relationship, and 22 patterns were detected with one of the primers and 24 patterns were detected with the other. In conclusion, it is thought that the origin of the @entity5132 urine isolates were mostly endogenous but exogenous spread might also be considered as isolates that were clonally related were isolated from different @entity1 at the same time interval.

title: [Molecular epidemiologic surveillance and antifungal agent sensitivity of XXXX isolated from anesthesia intensive care units].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infections']

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1118 is a common consequence of @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). No therapeutic drugs or drug groups are proven to be superior for @entity9 and treatments only aim to convert @entity158 from dull to tolerable levels and not to remove it. OBJECTIVE: This study was planned to compare the effect of @entity227 ( @entity227 ) and Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on @entity158 intensity, @entity158 quality and functional capacity in @entity1566 @entity1 with @entity9 . METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 were included and randomly categorized into two groups. In the first group (n=12), @entity227 was applied for first two weeks, 1 week wash out period and then TENS was applied for 2 weeks. In second group (n=12), TENS was applied firstly, 1 week wash out and then @entity227 were applied. @entity158 severity, @entity158 quality, and functional capacity were assessed with the visual analog scale (VAS), the @entity9 ( @entity9 ), and the Brief @entity158 Inventory (BPI), respectively. A pre-post-treatment and cross over design was used. RESULTS: Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used for within group analyses. Mann-Whitney U tests were used for analyses that compared different groups. It was observed that @entity158 intensity decrease immediately after both applications ( @entity227 : p=0.07, TENS: p=0.08). After TENS application for 2 weeks, it was observed that significant decrease in most (p=0.04) and less (p=0.02) @entity158 intensity; while there was no significant decrease in @entity158 intensity after 2 weeks for @entity227 (p> 0.05). When findings of @entity9 were analyzed, hot (p=0.047), sharp (p=0.02), unpleasant (p= 0.03) and deep items (p=0.047) decreased after @entity227 application. When the results of BPI were detected, they were observed that the negative effect of @entity158 on moving ability (p=0.04) after @entity227 application and the negative effect of @entity158 on mood (p=0.03), relationships with others (p=0.04) and sleep (p=0.04) after TENS application decreased significantly.CONCLUSION: TENS and @entity227 therapies can be successfully used in clinical practice as an alternative treatment or as a supportive method separetely or together.

title: Effects of XXXX and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on @entity9 in @entity1 with @entity1566 : A randomised controlled cross-over trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['VI', 'visual illusion']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'neuropathic pain scale', 'NPS']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual illusion']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity980 ( @entity980 ) typically arises from skeletal muscle. Currently, @entity980 in @entity1 with recurrent and @entity3 have no successful treatment. The molecular pathogenesis of @entity980 varies based on @entity5 sub-types. Some embryonal @entity980 but not other sub-types are driven by sonic hedgehog ( @entity4851 ) signaling pathway. However, @entity4851 pathway inhibitors particularly smoothened inhibitors are not highly effective in animals. Here, we show that @entity4851 pathway effectors @entity8889 and/or @entity1357 are over-expressed in the majority of @entity980 cells and that @entity35165 , a specific @entity63854 inhibitor dampens the proliferation of both embryonal and alveolar @entity980 cells-derived xenograft @entity5 thereby blocking their growth. As compared to vehicle-treated control, about 50% @entity5 growth inhibition occurs in @entity19 receiving @entity35165 treatment. The proliferation inhibition was associated with slowing of cell cycle progression which was mediated by the reduced expression of cyclins @entity27173 and the concomitant induction of @entity3544 . @entity35165 not only reduced expression of @entity63854 in these @entity980 but also significantly diminished @entity584 / @entity3470 signaling. The therapeutic action of @entity35165 was significantly augmented when combined with chemotherapeutic agents employed for @entity980 therapy such as @entity13850 or @entity1891 . Finally, reduced expression of proteins driving epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) characterized the @entity41 .

title: GLI inhibitor @entity35165 diminishes embryonal and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma growth by inhibiting XXXX / @entity584 - @entity3470 axis.

entities_list: @entity13850 :: ('MESH:C401859', 'Chemical') :: ['temsirolimus']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['RMS', 'Rhabdomyosarcoma']

answer: @entity4851 :: (6469,Gene) :: ['Shh']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The efficacy of double-filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP), combined with @entity1667 , to treat diffuse proliferative @entity1988 ( @entity1988 ) was studied. METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 who were admitted to the hospital and diagnosed with diffuse proliferative @entity1988 ( @entity1988 Class IV-G(A)) through renal biopsy from 2011 to 2013 were recruited as the study subjects. The @entity1 ' clinical manifestations were @entity751 and/or @entity177 . The pathological features were @entity8 . The @entity1 were divided into two groups: the treatment group and the control group, with 12 @entity1 in each group. The @entity1 in the treatment group were first treated with DFPP combined with @entity1667 (0.8-1.0 mg/kg/day); subsequently, they were put on @entity1667 therapy only. The @entity1 in the control group were first put on @entity1667 pulse therapy (500-1,000 mg) for 3 days; subsequently, they were treated with @entity1667 (0.8-1.0 mg/kg/day) combined with @entity618 (1.5 g/day). The @entity1 were observed for 24 months. Levels of hemoglobin, platelet, albumin, serum @entity1011 , 24-h urinary protein, serum C3 , antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti-dsDNA, and anti-Smith were measured at 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Complete remission and recurrence standards were established. The total dosages of @entity1667 were calculated. Repeated renal biopsy was performed on several @entity1 . RESULTS: There was no statistical significance in the baseline conditions of the treatment and the control groups. For the treatment group, no plasmapheresis-related complications occurred. The two groups showed no significant difference in complete remission. The @entity1 ' @entity4 and @entity1143 resolved, urine volume, serum @entity1011 , and albumin levels returned to normal, urine protein decreased in treatment group more rapidly than the @entity1 in the control group. The mean dose of @entity1667 received in the treatment group was lower than in the control group. The @entity4417 levels in the treatment group were significantly higher than in the control group. The recurrence rate in the treatment group was lower than in the control group. Repeated renal biopsies on several @entity1 in the treatment group indicated that their pathology improved significantly, changing from @entity1988 (IV) to @entity1988 (II-III). CONCLUSIONS: Appropriate application of DFPP combined with glucocorticoid therapy could accelerate the remission of diffuse proliferative @entity1988 , reduce overall glucocorticoid dosage, prevent recurrence, and maintain C3 level in a higher level. J. Clin. Apheresis 31:375-380, 2016.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Therapeutic effect of double-filtration plasmapheresis combined with @entity1667 to treat diffuse proliferative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular diffuse proliferative lesions']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['serous effusion']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis', 'LN']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['nephritic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1988 :: (MESH:D008181,Disease) :: ['lupus nephritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Paratesticular @entity980 accounts for 7-10% of @entity5 and is the 3(rd) most common after RMS of the prostate and bladder. Though most (60%-80%) @entity1 with paratesticular rhabdomysarcoma present with localized disease, assessment of @entity262 is vital. The treatment of @entity980 has evolved over several decades; the current standard of care is multimodal treatment including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. We give insight into the evolution of treatment, present the oncologic outcomes of seminal studies, and summarize the current recommendations for the management of these @entity1 . METHODS: A comprehensive search of the literature on the electronic databases PubMed was conducted for management of @entity980 . Case reports were excluded, clinical trials from all the oncologic society were reviewed and relevant articles are included in the review. RESULTS: The treatment regimen is based on following principles: (1) local control of the primary site with radical orchiectomy and (2) assessment of local control and distant sites. Further treatment is directed according to disease stage, histology, and age of the @entity1 . The goal of treatment is to achieve cure or maximum @entity5 control while minimizing @entity137 . CONCLUSIONS: With the changing landscape in the management of paratesticular rhabomyosarcoma, significant improvement is evident in the oncologic outcomes. Further advance in genomic testing would lead us to tailor treatment based on individual risk factors and minimize long-term side effects.

title: Current management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma tumors']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma', 'rhabdomyosarcoma']

answer: @entity980 :: (MESH:D012208,Disease) :: ['paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma']


abstract: 1. The biliproteins C-phycocyanin and @entity41534 were purified from the blue-green alga @entity6702 by @entity4859 fractionation and gel filtration. 2. An assay procedure that enabled the proportion of the two pigments, present as a mixture, to be determined was devised by using the data provided by spectrophotometric analysis of the purified biliproteins. 3. The degree of association and relative proportions of the two pigments were analysed by the application of this procedure to the components separated by thin-layer gel filtration. 4. The C-phycocyanin/ @entity41534 ratio remained essentially constant in algal extracts prepared at various stages throughout the growth cycle or after growth under conditions of reduced illumination. 5. The behaviour of the C-phycocyanin aggregate species from @entity35139 suggested that they were of appreciably lower molecular weight than those observed in extracts of @entity6702 .

title: C-phycocyanin and XXXX in two species of blue-green algae.

entities_list: @entity35139 :: ('269084', 'Species') :: ['Anacystis nidulans']

entities_list: @entity6702 :: ('1172', 'Species') :: ['Anabaena variabilis']

entities_list: @entity4859 :: ('CHEBI:62946', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium sulphate']

entities_list: @entity41534 :: ('MESH:C002497', 'Chemical') :: ['allophycocyanin']

answer: @entity41534 :: (MESH:C002497,Chemical) :: ['allophycocyanin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence and clinical significance of carotid artery @entity121 ( @entity121 ) in @entity1 with @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ). METHODS: 28 @entity1 with primary @entity1701 with at least a five year follow up, and 28 healthy subjects, matched by age and sex, were included in the study. Colour Doppler with high resolution B mode carotid ultrasonography and spectral analysis were performed in @entity1 and controls. Information on cardiovascular risk factors and the clinical course were collected. RESULTS: The mean (SD) age of @entity1 and controls (12 male, 16 female in each group) was 40 (8.5) years; the mean (SD) disease duration 7.7 (3) years. Carotid artery @entity121 was found in 23/28 @entity1 (2.6 (1.14) mm) and 7/28 controls (1.2 (0.44)) (p=0.0001). A decrease in the lumen diameter was also found in 11/28 @entity1 with primary @entity1701 without @entity2998 , and 2/28 controls (p=0.004). Hyperlipidaemia, @entity6 , smoking, @entity28 , and @entity101 were not associated with carotid artery @entity121 . @entity1 with carotid artery @entity121 had @entity455 more often than @entity1 without: 9/23 v 0/5 (p<0.009). These @entity1 had @entity64 (seven @entity1 ), @entity583 (one), and @entity715 (one). Subjects with @entity121 had a threefold higher risk for @entity64 than those without @entity121 (95% CI 0.78 to 14.3). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with primary @entity1701 have a high prevalence of carotid artery @entity121 and a decreased lumen diameter. @entity121 in primary @entity1701 may be associated with @entity64 . @entity1 with primary @entity1701 with @entity121 must be considered as carriers of @entity731 .

title: Increased carotid artery @entity121 may be associated with XXXX in @entity1701 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid atherosclerotic plaque']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['primary antiphospholipid syndrome', 'APS']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric thrombosis']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (auto-PBSCT) after high dose chemotherapy is usually offered to @entity0 @entity1 carrying a high risk of relapse or having chemosensitive metastatic disease. Whether progression free and overall survival of such @entity1 is improved after auto-PBSCT compared to conventional chemotherapy is a matter of debate. Currently available results of randomised trials could not uniformly prove or disprove auto-PBSCT being advantageous. Yet such studies have not employed any manipulation of the stem cell graft or any post-transplant immunomodulation exploiting the unique immunological environment for @entity5 eradication which exists only after auto-PBSCT. Preliminary data have discussed the ex vivo and in vivo generation of cytotoxic effector cells employing @entity1199 and/or @entity3027 /gamma in the auto-PBSCT setting. Other cytokines such as IL-12, @entity8252 and prolactin have likewise been considered. Several anticancer vaccine protocols after auto-PBSCT are ongoing using monovalent vaccines or anti-idiotypic antibodies. Polyvalent anticancer vaccines, cytokine secreting @entity5 cells, @entity5 pulsed or hybridised dendritic cells (DC) enhanced with cytokines are studied. Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) could assist: unlabelled for pretransplant exvivo purging, post-transplant for enhancing @entity137 ( @entity137 ) or radioimmunoconjugated as an additive cytotoxic part of the conditioning regimen. Autologous graft versus host induction and allogeneic stem cell transplantation (probably with non-myeloablative conditioning followed by donor lymphocyte infusions) are other approaches. Evaluation of successful combinations, optimal dosages and appropriate timing schedules is the subject of future investigations. Since @entity0 @entity1 belong to countless subgroups, a large number of protocols need to be addressed in order to avoid over treatment and prevent relapse.

title: Blood stem cell transplantation for XXXX : new approaches using pre- peri- post-transplant immunotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['ADCC', 'antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: We have analyzed 61 German @entity0 families for @entity5345 mutations using single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis (SSCP) followed by sequencing. Forty-seven of the families had at least three cases (at least two under 60 years) and 14 families had only two cases of @entity5344 (at least one under 50 years). Twenty-eight families were @entity5344 were @entity0 families. Eighteen mutations in @entity5345 were detected in 11/28 @entity5344 families and 7/33 @entity0 families and none in the families with only two cases. We identified 17 truncation mutations (8 frameshift, 7 nonsense and 2 splice variants) and one missense mutation. Seven of these are novel and two, the @entity26207 and @entity70489 mutations, occurred in two apparently unrelated families. The genotype of the two families with the @entity26207 mutation is compatible with the rare haplotype segregating with the @entity26207 mutation in different populations, further supporting its European origin. One unclassified missense alteration, @entity70490 , was found in one family but did not segregate with the disease, suggesting that it is more likely a polymorphism. We also report and discuss the sequence of several new unclassified single- @entity377 changes first identified by SSCP. Of the 18 mutations, 13 occurred in the 3' third of the gene (end of exon 11-24) and @entity43 were found in eight of these families.

title: A high proportion of mutations in the @entity5345 gene in German XXXX families with clustering of mutations in the 3' third of the gene.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancers']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast and breast/ovarian cancer', 'breast cancer', 'breast cancer-only']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast/ovarian cancer', 'breast/ovarian and 33']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity5344 :: (MESH:D061325,Disease) :: ['breast/ovarian cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity16 are characterized by the abnormal accumulation of protein aggregates and the progressive @entity146 . Our @entity238 studies demonstrate that middle-aged @entity164 ( @entity164 , ~4-weeks) exhibit a marked accumulation of @entity1423 that is commensurate with the decline of the autophagy pathway. However, enhancing autophagy via neuronal over-expression of @entity70069 ( @entity70069 -OE) reduces the age-dependent accumulation of aggregates. Here we assess basal locomotor activity profiles for single- and group-housed male and female @entity164 flies and observed that only modest behavioral changes occurred by 4-weeks of age, with the noted exception of group-housed male flies. Male flies in same-sex social groups exhibit a progressive increase in nighttime activity. Infrared videos show aged group-housed males (4-weeks) are engaged in extensive bouts of courtship during periods of darkness, which is partly repressed during lighted conditions. Together, these nighttime @entity146 were nearly absent in young @entity164 flies and aged @entity70069 -OE flies. Previous studies have indicated a regulatory role for olfaction in male courtship partner choice. Coincidently, the mRNA expression profiles of several olfactory genes decline with age in @entity164 flies; however, they are maintained in age-matched @entity70069 -OE flies. Together, these results suggest that middle-aged male flies develop impairments in olfaction, which could contribute to the dysregulation of @entity146 during dark time periods. Combined, our results demonstrate that as @entity238 age, they develop early behavior defects that are coordinate with protein aggregate accumulation in the nervous system. In addition, the nighttime activity behavior is preserved when neuronal autophagy is maintained ( @entity70069 -OE flies). Thus, environmental or genetic factors that modify autophagic capacity could have a positive impact on neuronal aging and complex behaviors.

title: Aging and Autophagic Function Influences the Progressive Decline of Adult XXXX Behaviors.

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['neural aggregates']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of complex behaviors', 'courtship behaviors']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['WT', 'wild-type flies']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether an association exists between a history of fertility treatments and future risk of female @entity5 . STUDY DESIGN: A population-based study compared the incidence of long-term female @entity5 in a cohort of @entity1 with and without a history of fertility treatments including @entity52 ( @entity52 ) and ovulation induction (OI). Deliveries occurred between the years 1988-2013, with a mean follow-up duration of 12  years. Excluded from the study were @entity1 with known genetic predisposition for @entity5 or known @entity5 prior to the index pregnancy. @entity5 were divided into specific types including ovarian, uterine, breast and cervix. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to estimate cumulative incidence of @entity5 . Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for female malignancy. RESULTS: During the study period, 106,031 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria; 4.1  % (n  =  4363) occurred in @entity1 following fertility treatments. During the follow-up period, @entity1 with a history of @entity52 treatments had a significantly increased risk of being diagnosed with @entity43 as compared to @entity1 after OI and @entity1 with no history of fertility treatments. Cox proportional hazard models were @entity43 separately, controlling for confounders such as maternal age and @entity28 . A history of @entity52 treatment remained independently associated with @entity43 (adjusted HR 3.9; 95  % CI 1.2-12.6; P  =  0.022 and adjusted HR 4.6; 95  % CI 1.4-14.9; P  =  0.011; respectively). CONCLUSION: @entity52 treatments pose a significant risk of subsequent long-term @entity43 .

title: The risk of female XXXX after fertility treatments: a cohort study with 25-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian and uterine cancer', 'constructed for ovarian and uterine cancer']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Female malignancies', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in vitro fertilization']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the formation of gap junctions between detrusor smooth muscle cells in situ and the distribution of @entity19279 (Cx)40, @entity495 and @entity28292 expressions in bladder biopsies from a control group (with @entity150 ) and from @entity1 with urge symptoms, as smooth muscle cells of the @entity1 detrusor muscle communicate via gap junctions and express several @entity19279 subtypes, alterations of which may be involved in the causes of lower urinary tract symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity19279 expression is prominent in myofibroblast-like cells, supposedly involved in afferent signalling pathways of the bladder. Their strategic position directly beneath the urothelium suggests they are a link between urothelial @entity855 signalling during @entity1494 and afferent Adelta-fibre stimulation for co-ordination of bladder tonus and initialization of the micturition reflex. Modification of their coupling characteristics may have profound @entity1494 . Bladder tissue probes of @entity1 undergoing cystectomy or transurethral @entity5 resection for @entity150 were used as controls. Tissue samples from @entity1 with severe @entity191 were taken for exclusion diagnostics of @entity2335 ( @entity2335 ) and @entity189 in situ. The formation of functional syncytia between detrusor smooth muscle cells were examined in dye-coupling experiments by injecting with Lucifer Yellow. The morphology and structure of gap junctions were assessed by transmission electron microscopy and immunogold labelling of @entity495 and @entity28292 . The expression of @entity19279 subtypes @entity8439 , @entity495 and @entity28292 was compared by indirect immunofluorescence, and confocal laser scanning microscopy used for semiquantitative analysis. RESULTS: There was dye coupling between smooth muscle cells of the detrusor in situ. Electron microscopy and immunogold labelling showed very small gap junctional plaques. These findings were confirmed by confocal immunofluorescence. Semiquantitative analyses showed significantly higher @entity495 expression in the detrusor muscle, and a tendency to higher @entity28292 expression in the suburothelial layer associated with urge symptoms, whereas @entity8439 expression was unaffected. CONCLUSIONS: Smooth muscle cells of the @entity1 detrusor muscle are coupled by classical gap junctions, forming limited local functional syncytia. Both @entity495 and @entity28292 are expressed at low levels in normal detrusor. Up-regulation of @entity495 in @entity1 with urge @entity322 supports the possibility of functional changes in the syncytial properties of detrusor smooth muscle cells in this condition. In addition, the observed increase of @entity28292 in the myofibroblast cell layer supports the idea that alterations in sensory signalling are also involved. Comparison with previous reports implies that the pathophysiology of urgency is distinct from that of the unstable bladder and other forms of @entity322 .

title: Alterations in XXXX expression in the bladder of @entity1 with urge symptoms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['impact on bladder sensation', 'bladder filling']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['IC', 'interstitial cystitis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic urge symptoms']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer', 'bladder tumour']

answer: @entity19279 :: (100128922,Gene) :: ['connexin']


abstract: Obesity is a heterogeneous disease and is associated with comorbidities such as @entity6 , @entity65 and @entity5 . Several studies have examined the role of dysfunctional adipose tissue in the pathogenesis of @entity28 , highlighting the contrasting properties and impact of distinct fat compartments, sometimes with contradictory results. Dysfunctional adipose tissue involves enlargement, or @entity1184 , of pre-existing fat cells, which is thought to confer increases in cardiometabolic risk, independent of the level of @entity28 per se. In this article, we critically analyze available literature that examined the ability of adipocyte cell size to predict @entity209 in @entity1 . Many studies demonstrate that increased fat cell size is a significant predictor of altered blood lipid profiles and @entity413 -insulin homeostasis independent of @entity1386 indices. The contribution of visceral @entity1386 to these associations appears to be of particular importance. However, available studies are not unanimous and many fat depot-specific aspects of the relationship between increased fat cell size and cardiometabolic risk or parameters of adipose tissue dysfunction are still unresolved. Methodological factors such as the approach used to express the data may represent significant confounders in these studies. Additional studies should consider the fact that the relationship between fat cell size and common @entity1386 indices is non-linear, particularly when reaching the obese range. In conclusion, our analysis demonstrates that fat cell size is a significant predictor of the cardiometabolic alterations related to @entity28 . We propose that adipocyte @entity1184 , especially in the visceral fat compartment, may represent a strong marker of limited hyperplasic capacity in subcutaneous adipose tissues, which in turn is associated with the presence of numerous cardiometabolic alterations.

title: Adipocyte size as a determinant of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disease and adipose tissue dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic disease and adipose tissue dysfunction']


abstract: AIM: To assess clinical and contemporary costs associated with elective endovascular repair of intact descending thoracic @entity449 into the mid term follow--up. METHODS: A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained clinical database including 29 consecutive @entity1 from July 2005 to December 2009 treated with elective endovascular repair (TEVAR) or TEVAR and surgical infrarenal repair (hybrid) of intact descending thoracic @entity449 was performed. Mean age was 74.5 years old (   7.1). Primary clinical endpoints include mortality and major morbidity. Additionally a comprehensive economic appraisal of individual in--hospital and follow up costs was executed. Economic endpoints include in--hospital and follow--up costs and @entity1 discharge status. Elective endovascular and open repairs' clinical and economical outcomes in contemporary literature were assessed for comparison according to PRISMA standards. RESULTS: Immediate mortality was 6.9% (1/24 TEVAR and 1/5 hybrid). Three @entity1576 were recorded (11%;; 2 TEVAR, 1 hybrid). @entity299 rates were 7.4% (1 TEVAR, 1 hybrid) and 3.7% (1 TEVAR) respectively. Routine discharge home was achieved for 85% of @entity1 (95.7% TEVAR, 25% hybrid). Three @entity1070 were treated throughout the follow--up (2 TEVAR, 1 hybrid;; mean 30.4 mo,   19.9) rendering an 11% (3/27) reintervention rate. Average immediate cost was    21,976.87 for elective endovascular repair and    33,783.21 for elective endovascular hybrid repair. Additional reintervention and routine follow--up costs augmented immediate costs by 12.4%. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports satisfying immediate clinical outcomes for TEVAR and TEVAR + surgical infrarenal procedures. Although limited by a small population size and difficulties in economic comparisons, this study presents the real world social and economic cost scenario for both elective TEVAR and TEVAR hybrid treatment of DTAA of both the in--hospital and at mid term follow--up periods.

title: Contemporary economic and clinical evaluations of endovascular repair for intact descending thoracic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['endoleaks']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Renal and cardiac complication']

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['aortic aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity785 ( @entity785 ) @entity1 with @entity344 have a lower quality of life (QoL) and while the impact of @entity344 on QoL in @entity785 @entity1 has been described few data exist on the presence and impact of lower gastrointestinal (LGI) and @entity3087 in @entity785 . Our goal was to assess the prevalence of these symptoms in @entity1 with @entity785 and evaluate their impact on QoL. A secondary hypothesis was that the impact of LGI symptoms on QoL is mediated by @entity308 . STUDY: @entity1 with @entity785 (n=175) attending an outpatient @entity2631 clinic completed multiple validated questionnaires. Pelvic floor and LGI symptoms included @entity1241 ( @entity1241 ), @entity322 ( @entity322 ), @entity322 ( @entity322 ), chronic @entity1142 , @entity294 , and @entity2371 . The Student t tests adjusted for multiple comparisons were used to evaluate group differences at the 0.05 level. RESULTS: Complete data were available for 160 @entity1 . @entity1241 was reported by 65, @entity322 by 64, @entity322 by 40, chronic @entity1142 by 94, @entity294 by 82, and @entity2371 by 35 of @entity785 @entity1 . Overall QoL was reduced in @entity785 @entity1 with @entity1241 (0.96 vs. 0.63; P=0.007), @entity322 (0.96 vs. 0.65; P=0.01), @entity322 (1.11 vs. 0.67; P=0.002), and @entity2371 (1.01 vs. 0.70; P=0.04). Antidepressant use was reported by 26%. The negative impact on QoL in @entity1 with @entity3087 was partially mediated by @entity308 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity785 suffer from an increased prevalence of LGI and @entity3087 including @entity1241 , @entity322 , @entity294 , @entity1142 , and @entity2371 and this effect seems to be partially mediated by @entity308 .

title: The Impact of Pelvic Floor and Lower Gastrointestinal Symptoms on Quality of Life in @entity1 With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'UI', 'dual incontinence', 'DI']

entities_list: @entity3087 :: ('MESH:D059952', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic floor symptoms']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal (GI) involvement', 'upper GI symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['FI', 'fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['Systemic Sclerosis']