abstract: @entity3918 is a relatively common @entity3986 , associated with a variety of systemic complications. Long term follow-up is difficult because of the slow progression. The objective of this study was to determine survival, age at @entity204 and causes of @entity204 in @entity1 with the adult-onset type of @entity3918 . A register of @entity3918 @entity1 was set up in Southern Limburg (the Netherlands), using data longitudinally collected over a 47-year period (1950-97). Survival for 180 @entity1 (from the register) with adult-onset @entity3918 was established by the Kaplan-Meier method. The median survival was 60 years for males and 59 years for females. Survival of the @entity1 was also estimated from the age of 15 years to the ages of 25, 45 and 65 years and compared with the expected survival of age- and sex-matched birth cohorts from the normal Dutch population. The observed survival to the ages of 25, 45 and 65 years was 99%, 88% and 18% compared with an expected survival of 99%, 95% and 78%, respectively. Thus, survival to the age of 65 in @entity1 with adult-onset @entity3918 is markedly reduced. A weak positive correlation between the CTG repeat length and younger age at @entity204 was found in the 13 @entity1 studied (r = 0.50, P = 0.08). The cause of @entity204 could be determined in 70 of the 83 deceased @entity1 . @entity55 and @entity943 were the most frequent primary causes of @entity204 , each occurring in approximately 30%, which was far more than expected for the general Dutch population. In addition, we assessed mobility in the years before @entity204 in a subgroup of 18 @entity1 , as a reflection of the long-term physical handicap in @entity3918 @entity1 . Half of the @entity1 studied were either partially or totally wheelchair-bound shortly before their @entity204 .

title: Age and causes of XXXX in adult-onset @entity3918 .

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['type of muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity3918 :: ('MESH:D009223', 'Disease') :: ['type myotonic dystrophy', 'Myotonic dystrophy', 'myotonic dystrophy']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The long-term prognosis of @entity1 with @entity573 ( @entity573 ) complicated by @entity574 ( @entity574 ) is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the complications of @entity573 with CAAs. METHOD: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and complications of 38 @entity573 @entity1 with CAAs who were treated and underwent regular follow-up with echocardiography between January 1989 and May 2013. RESULTS: During a period of 29 days to 19 years after disease onset, complications seen included @entity3979 and @entity432 (six @entity1 ), @entity715 (17 @entity1 ), @entity583 (six @entity1 ), and @entity730 of CAAs (seven @entity1 ). Rupture of giant CAAs occurred in two @entity1 and caused @entity944 in one of these @entity1 at 29 days and in the other @entity1 at 5 months after disease onset. A total of seven @entity204 occurred, with five @entity204 caused by @entity583 . Three of these had undiagnosed incomplete @entity573 or had not received regular treatment, while two experienced @entity944 after several asymptomatic @entity583 . CONCLUSION: Cardiac complications of @entity573 with CAAs include @entity715 , @entity3979 , @entity583 , @entity944 , and @entity730 . Although rare, rupture of giant CAAs is fatal and might occur earlier after the onset of disease. Mortality occurred primarily in the earlier cases when anticoagulant therapy was insufficient and in @entity1 who did not receive regular treatment. Echocardiography can provide reliable information for assessing the progression and prognosis of this condition.

title: Cardiac Complications in 38 Cases of @entity573 with XXXX Diagnosed by Echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['KD', 'Kawasaki disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity574 :: ('MESH:D003323', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery aneurysm', 'CAA']

answer: @entity574 :: (MESH:D003323,Disease) :: ['Coronary Artery Aneurysm']


abstract: @entity2147 is one of the most consulted symptoms among @entity1 evaluated at @entity25 centers and it is frequently related to @entity27 ( @entity27 ). Our hypothesis is that @entity25 ( @entity25 ) is the parameter with the greatest predictive value in the @entity27 diagnosis. We compared @entity1 with @entity27 diagnosis to a control group. In both groups we compared @entity25 with body mass index (BMI), neck circumference (NC), waist perimeter (WP). Anthropometric index (BMI, NC and WC), were similar in both groups (p < 0.10). When we analyzed @entity25 , a score greater than 10 was observed in the @entity27 group, with a significant difference between groups (p < 0.001). @entity25 yielded 60% of sensibility, 82% of specificity and a positive predictive value of 85%. The negative predictive value was 52%. Confidence index was 70%. The relationship between @entity27 and @entity25 scale was significant (Pearson Chi-Square value 7.5). Odds Ratio for @entity386 was 15 and its confidence interval was lower than 1.5 and upper than 141. We conclude that with @entity25 score exceeding 10 points @entity27 should be suspected.

title: [Epworth drowsiness scale XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['OSAS', 'obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['Hypersomnia']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['ESS', 'Epworth sleepiness scale', 'sleep disorder']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['value in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The most common ocular side effect of glucocorticoid (GC) therapy is GC-induced @entity2790 ( @entity2790 ) and @entity726 ( @entity726 ). GC-induced @entity2790 occurs in about 40% of the general population, while the other 60% are resistant. This study aims to determine the genes and pathways involved in differential GC responsiveness in the trabecular meshwork (TM). Using paired @entity291 eyes, one eye was perfusion-cultured with 100nM @entity619 ( @entity9170 ), while the fellow eye was used to establish a @entity291 TM (BTM) cell strain. Based on maximum IOP change in the perfused eye, the BTM cell strain was identified as a @entity9170 -responder or non-responder strain. Three responder and three non-responder BTM cell strains were cultured, treated with 0.1% @entity1068 or 100nM @entity9170 for 7 days. RNA and proteins were extracted for RNA sequencing (RNAseq), qPCR, and Western immunoblotting (WB), respectively. Data were analyzed using the @entity1 and @entity291 genome databases as well as Tophat2 software. Genes were grouped and compared using Student's t-test. We found that @entity9170 induced @entity30643 expression in responder BTM cells but not in non-responder cells using WB. RNAseq showed between 93 and 606 differentially expressed genes in different expression groups between responder and non-responder BTM cells. The data generated by RNAseq were validated using qPCR. Pathway analyses showed 35 pathways associated with differentially expressed genes. These genes and pathways may play important roles in GC-induced @entity2790 and will help us to better understand differential ocular responsiveness to GCs.

title: A Comparison of Gene Expression Profiles between Glucocorticoid Responder and Non-Responder XXXX Trabecular Meshwork Cells Using RNA Sequencing.

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['GC-induced glaucoma', 'GIG']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['OHT', 'ocular hypertension']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['Bovine']


abstract: Residual @entity410 after functional hemispherectomy occur in approximately 20% of @entity1 with @entity302 . These episodes are traditionally attributed to incomplete disconnection, persistent epileptogenic activity in the @entity550 , or bilateral independent epileptogenic activity. The authors report on the case of an 8-year-old @entity1 with an intractable @entity410 disorder who had @entity410 related to extensive unilateral left hemispheric @entity6795 . The initial intervention consisted of extensive removal of the @entity302 tissue and multiple subpial transections of the @entity6349 motor strip, guided by intraoperative electrocorticography. Subsequently, functional hemispherectomy including insular cortex resection was performed for persistent attacks. After a @entity410 -free period of 6 months, a new pattern ensued, consisting of an aura of fear, dystonic posturing of the right arm, and unusual postictal @entity7298 coupled with an @entity1640 . Electroencephalography and ictal/interictal single-photon emission computerized tomography were used to localize the residual @entity302 discharges to deep ipsilateral structures. Results of magnetic resonance imaging indicated a complete disconnection except for a strip of residual frontobasal tissue. Therefore, a volumetric resection of the epileptogenic frontal basal tissue up to the anterior commissure was completed. The @entity1 has remained free of @entity410 during 21 months of follow-up review. Standard hemispherectomy methods provide extensive disconnection, despite the presence of residual frontal basal cortex. However, rarely, and especially if it is @entity6349 , this tissue can represent a focus for refractory @entity410 . This is an important consideration in determining the source of ongoing @entity410 posthemispherectomy in @entity1 with extensive @entity6795 . It remains important to assess them fully before considering their disease refractory to surgical treatment.

title: Omental transplantation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boy', 'child']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'classic frontal adversive seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral insular cortex']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['interictal diencephalic-like syndrome']

entities_list: @entity7298 :: ('MESH:D006963', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphagia']

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['cortical dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['catastrophic epilepsy', 'epileptic', 'epileptic frontal and precentral dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: SUMMARY: Correlated responses in pituitary gland weight and @entity7318 ( @entity7318 ) concentration in the serum and pituitary were studied in lines of @entity19 selected for growth rate, and in controls. The selection criteria were @entity1017 between 28 and 38 days on an ad libitum feed intake (EPA line), or on intake restricted to 80% of the control @entity19 (EPR line), and @entity1017 between 48 and 58 days under the above two feeding regimes ( @entity4991 and @entity1309 lines). The control line was maintained by random breeding. In generation 13, pituitary weight and @entity7318 levels were determined at 38 days in lines EPA, EPR and the control and at 58 days in lines @entity4991 , @entity1309 and the control. Pituitary weight, corrected for body @entity1017 , was smaller in the EPA line than in the control line at 38 days and was greater in the @entity1309 line than in the control line at 58 days. There were large differences in serum @entity7318 concentrations between the selected lines and the control; the differences were statistically significant at 38 days, with the EPA and EPR lines having lower levels than the controls. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Ver  nderung von Wachstumshormonspiegel bei Selektion f  r Zuwachs bei M  usen Ver  nderungen im Hypophysengewicht und Wachstumshormon-( @entity7318 )-Konzentrationen im Serum und in der Hypophyse wurden bei Wachstumsselektionslinien und bei Kontrollm  usen untersucht. Selektionskriterien waren Zuwachs zwischen 28 und 38 Tagen bei ad libitum Futteraufnahme (EPA Linie) oder bei Linien, wo Futteraufnahme auf 80% derjenigen der Kontrollm  use (EPR Linie) begrenzt wurde und Zuwachs zwischen 48 und 58 Tagen unter beiden Futterweisen ( @entity4991 und @entity1309 Linie). Die Kontrollinie wurde durch Zufallspaarung fortgepflanzt. In Generation 13 wurden Hypophysengewicht und Wachstumshormonspiegel im Alter von 38 Tagen in Linien EPA, EPR und in Kontrollen und bei 58 Tagen in Linien @entity4991 und @entity1309 und Kontrollen bestimmt. Hypophysengewicht, korrigiert f  r Zuwachs, war geringer in der @entity4991 Linie als in der Kontrolle bei 38 Tagen Alter und gr    er in der @entity1309 Linie als in der Kontrolle bei 58 Tagen. Zwischen @entity7318 Konzentrationen selektierter und Kontrollinien waren erhebliche Differenzen, die bei 38 Tagen signifikant waren, wobei EPA und EPR Linien geringere Werte als die Kontrollen aufwiesen.

title: Correlated responses in @entity7318 to selection for @entity1017 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During pregnancy, the balanced dominance of the T helper17 response shifts to a @entity61 response that is characterised by the production of @entity1618 , following the completion of the implantation process. @entity641 ( @entity641 ) expression is associated with the completion of trophoblast invasion and placental growth. This study assessed the effect of @entity281 on the levels of @entity636 , @entity1618 , and @entity641 in the plasma of pregnant @entity19 with @entity311 . METHODS: Seventeen pregnant BALB/C @entity19 were divided into two groups: @entity19 infected with @entity2637 (treatment group) and uninfected @entity19 (control group). The @entity19 were sacrificed on day 18 post-mating. @entity5895 was measured by Giemsa staining. The levels of @entity636 , @entity1618 , and @entity641 were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: Using independent t test, the @entity636 levels in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group (= = 0.040). The @entity1618 levels in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group (= = 0.00). There was no significant difference in the @entity641 levels (= = 0.055) between two groups. However, using SEM analysis the degree of @entity5895 decreased the plasma @entity641 levels (tcount = 5.148; >=  ttable = 1.96). SEM analysis showed that a high degree of @entity5895 increased the @entity636 levels and decreased the @entity1618 and @entity641 levels. CONCLUSION: @entity281 during pregnancy interferes with the systemic balance by increasing the @entity636 levels and decreasing the @entity1618 and @entity641 levels.

title: @entity5895 Induces High Plasma Levels of XXXX ( @entity636 ) and Low Levels of @entity1618 ( @entity1618 ) and Transforming Growth Factor-   (TGF-  ) in Pregnant @entity19 Infected with @entity311 .

entities_list: @entity641 :: ('21803(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-b', 'Transforming growth factor-b']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['malaria infection', 'Malaria infection']

entities_list: @entity5895 :: ('MESH:D018512', 'Disease') :: ['Parasitemia', 'parasitemia']

entities_list: @entity2637 :: ('5821', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium berghei']

answer: @entity636 :: (16171(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Interleukin-17']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study examines the peripartum anesthetic management and outcomes of @entity1 with @entity384 in a large university medical centre over a seven-year period. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Twenty-five @entity1 were included in this series, 18 with a new diagnosis of @entity296 and seven with a history of @entity296 . Sixteen @entity1 (64%) identified themselves as African American, seven (28%) were Caucasian, and two @entity1 (8%) were Hispanic. The median (range) gestational age at the time of a new diagnosis of @entity296 was 29 (7-38) weeks. Eight @entity1 (32%) had New York Heart Association class III/IV symptoms at the time of delivery or in the immediate postpartum period. A multidisciplinary team of obstetricians, anesthesiologists, cardiologists, and pediatricians were involved in the care of these @entity1 . The median (range) gestational age at the time of delivery was 33.5 (30-40) weeks. There were nine vaginal deliveries and 15 operative deliveries. One @entity1 had fetal loss at 19  weeks gestation. Twelve @entity1 had labour induced with an intravenous infusion of @entity398 at a rate of 0.001-0.02  IU  @entity1009 ). An @entity398 infusion at a variable rate with a maximum dose of 0.05  IU  @entity1009 ) was administered after vaginal delivery to maintain uterine tone. Epidural analgesia was initiated prior to induction of labour or in the latent phase of labour. Seven Cesarean deliveries were performed under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia, five were performed under epidural anesthesia, and three @entity1 had general anesthesia. @entity398 was administered via an intravenous infusion at a rate of 0.05-0.2  IU  @entity1009 ) after operative delivery. One @entity1 had a @entity1167 on induction of general anesthesia and was successfully resuscitated. There were no maternal or neonatal deaths. Ten @entity1 were followed up at our institution and at six months postpartum; 50% of these @entity1 were still symptomatic. CONCLUSION: We report favourable outcomes in 25 pregnant @entity1 with @entity384 who were managed by a multidisciplinary team.

title: Anesthetic management and outcomes of parturients with XXXX in an academic centre.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin', 'Oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the reaction of normal skin fibroblasts from different sites of @entity1 body to cyclic stretch. METHODS: The normal skin tissues from scapular upper back and medial side of upper arm of 3 @entity1 were cultured in vitro. Fibroblasts of experimental group were loaded by cyclic stretch with 10% amplitude for 24, 36, and 48 hours respectively. Fibroblasts of control group were cultured without cyclic stretch. The morphologic changes were observed using inverted microscope. CCK-8 method was used to detect the proliferation of the fibroblasts. The expressions of @entity2393 mRNA, @entity20336 ( @entity20336 ) mRNA, @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) mRNA, and @entity13239 chain ( @entity13239 ) mRNA were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The protein levels of collagen type I and @entity2533 were detected by ELISA. RESULTS: The cultured cells showed a significantly increased cell proliferation ability, and apparent orientation after the applied strain. The proliferation activity, mRNA expression levels of @entity2393 , @entity20336 , and @entity2533 , protein levels of @entity2533 in back skin were significantly higher than those in arm skin (P<0.05) when the fibroblasts were loaded for 36 and 48 hours, but no significant difference between back skin and arm skin at 24 hours (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in mRNA expression level of @entity13239 and protein level of collagen type I between back skin and arm skin at 24, 36, and 48 hours (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in all above indexes between back skin and arm skin in control group (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Fibroblasts from scapular upper back and medial side of upper arm display different reactions to cyclic stretch, which indicates that there exists site difference in the reactions of fibroblasts to cyclic stretch. It might be related with the incidence of @entity2805 in different sites of the body.

title: [REACTION OF XXXX FIBROBLASTS FROM DIFFERENT SITES TO THE MECHANICAL STRESS].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity13239 :: ('1277', 'Gene') :: ['collagen type I alpha1', 'COL1A1']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta1', 'transform growth factor beta1']

entities_list: @entity2805 :: ('MESH:D017439', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic scar']

entities_list: @entity20336 :: ('9564', 'Gene') :: ['P130Cas', 'p130Crk-associated substance']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['HUMAN']


abstract: This study examines the use of commercially available automatic speech recognition (ASR) across microphone options as access to environmental control for individuals with and without @entity4653 . A study of two groups of speakers (typical speech and @entity4653 ), was conducted to understand their performance using ASR and various microphones for environmental control. Specifically, dependent variables examined included attempts per command, recognition accuracy, frequency of error type, and perceived workload. A further sub-analysis of the group of @entity1 with @entity4653 examined the impact of severity. Results indicated a significantly larger number of attempts were required (P = 0.007), and significantly lower recognition accuracies were achieved by the dysarthric @entity1 (P = 0.010). A sub-analysis examining severity demonstrated no significant differences between the typical speakers and @entity1 with mild @entity4653 . However, significant differences were evident (P = 0.007, P = 0.008) between mild and moderate-severe dysarthric @entity1 . No significant differences existed across microphones. A higher frequency of threshold errors occurred for typical @entity1 and no response errors for moderate-severe dysarthrics. There were no significant differences on the NASA Task Load Index.

title: Speech Recognition for Environmental Control: Effect of Microphone Type, XXXX , and Severity on Recognition Results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity4653 :: (MESH:D004401,Disease) :: ['Dysarthria']


abstract: We developed a @entity35 model of fast-strain @entity121 to examine the relationship between functional deficit and the degree of @entity121 . A single fast strain was applied to the right plantaris (Plt) muscle of adult male @entity35 . A tetanic contraction was induced by stimulating the sciatic nerve. Three types of @entity130 were produced by manipulating the timing of strain and contraction conditions, including applying the strain at: (1) the shortening phase (SP), (2) the full contraction phase (FCP) during tetanic contraction and (3) when the muscle is not contracting, i.e. non-contraction (NC). The contralateral Plt muscle was used as the control. Morphological and functional analysis were performed and the severity of @entity130 was estimated by measuring @entity665 labelling 48 h after the strain was applied. The results show a significant decrease in tension output in all three groups at 5 min after strain application (P < 0.01). The functional deficit lasted for 3 weeks in the NC group, while @entity35 of the SP and FCP groups showed recovery 1 week after strain. Increased uptake of @entity665 was similar in SP and FCP groups, but 3.5-fold higher in NC than in SP and FCP groups (P < 0.01). Histological analysis revealed an increase in the size of interstitial spaces of the muscle in NC compared to SP and FCP groups (P<0.05). Our results suggest that the contraction of muscle fibres limits the severity of connective tissue damage, and that @entity121 accompanied by disruption of the muscle connective tissue network requires a relatively longer recovery time.

title: Relationship between functional deficit and severity of experimental fast- @entity130 of XXXX skeletal muscle.

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle injury', 'muscle damage']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['strain injury', 'strain injuries']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4115 is a common problem and, to date, there is no agent to preserve testicular function following detorsion. Platelet-rich plasma ( @entity16447 ), with its rich growth factor composition, has proven beneficial in regenerative therapy. It is believed that @entity16447 has not been studied in testis for @entity63 /reperfusion (I/R) injury. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effect of @entity16447 in an I/R @entity35 model 1 month after detorsion. STUDY DESIGN: Of 24 adult male @entity35 , 18 were randomly assigned into three groups, with six in each: control, I/R and I/R  +  @entity16447 . The @entity16447 was prepared from the remaining six. Each group underwent right orchiectomy. @entity63 was performed by rotating the left testis 720   and fixing with a nylon suture for 4  h. Reperfusion occurred 4  h later by removing the suture, and @entity16447 was administered at a dose of 10   l (2000  *  10(9)/l) into the left testis via the intraparenchymal route. Animals were sacrificed at the fourth week, and testes were taken for @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ), @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ), @entity224 dismutase (SOD), @entity1589 ( @entity1589 ), @entity1810 ( @entity1810 ), and @entity4124 measurements. RESULTS: @entity63 /reperfusion caused a significant increase in @entity1865 , @entity1589 and @entity4124 activity, and significant decrease in @entity6172 levels and SOD activity. The @entity16447 treatment helped correct the alterations in SOD, @entity4124 , and @entity1589 activities and @entity1865 levels. However, the mean @entity1865 level and @entity1589 activity were not totally restored compared with the controls. Serum @entity251 levels of the I/R group were significantly lower compared with the control and I/R  +  @entity16447 groups. @entity1810 and @entity4124 protein expressions were significantly higher in the I/R group compared with the control group and were low with @entity16447 administration compared with I/R groups (summary Table). DISCUSSION: The findings of the present study suggest that @entity16447 , by inhibiting neutrophil infiltration and oxidative stress and increasing antioxidant defense, exerts protective effects on testicular tissues against I/R. This study had some limitations: a scoring system was not used in the assessment of spermatogenesis in the histopathological findings and specific testis cell types were not histologically assessed. CONCLUSIONS: In light of the biochemical, histological and, especially, hormonal findings, intraparenchymal @entity16447 injection may have a protective effect in testicular tissue against I/R injury.

title: Effects of platelet-rich plasma against experimental XXXX /reperfusion injury in @entity35 testis.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4115 :: ('MESH:D013086', 'Disease') :: ['Testicular torsion']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity1810 :: ('59086(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor b', 'TGF-b']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The activation of the clotting-fibrinolytic system in @entity5 @entity1 is common and represents an unfavorable clinical sign. @entity4620 ( @entity4620 ) is a sensitive marker of fibrinolysis. METHODS: The current study comprised 826 new @entity2 @entity1 seen consecutively in a single institution over a 10-year period (1992-2001). For each @entity1 , 31 variables, including @entity4620 and survival duration, were available for analysis. RESULTS: Only weak relationships between @entity4620 and the other variables were found. The @entity4620 variable correlated best with the level of @entity880 dehydrogenase, performance status, tissue polypeptide antigen, stage of disease, and the number of @entity3 (rho = 0.33, -0.25, 0.18, 0.18, and 0.15, respectively). The @entity4620 distinguished @entity1 with different prognoses. The median survival periods were 154 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 122-189 days) and 308 days (95% CI, 227-409 days; log rank statistic, 26.56; P < 0.01), respectively, for abnormally elevated and normal values. The difference was greater in @entity1 with @entity420 and in @entity1 presenting with a less @entity1442 , especially in @entity1 with pathologic Stage Ia disease. The best multivariate survival model selected 10 significant covariates, including @entity4620 . CONCLUSIONS: The authors recommend measuring the plasma level of @entity4620 in all new @entity2 @entity1 . This measurement may help to formulate individual prognoses and can be used to indicate adjuvant treatment for surgical @entity1 .

title: Plasma levels of @entity4620 in XXXX : clinical and prognostic significance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Most well-differentiated @entity5 ( @entity2360 -NET) of the enteropancreatic system are low-intermediate grade (G1, G2). Elevated proliferation demonstrated by either a brisk mitotic rate (>20/10 high power fields) or high Ki-67 index (>20%) defines a group of @entity146 designated as high-grade (G3) @entity3270 ( @entity3270 ). High-grade @entity3270 is equated with @entity3270 ( @entity3270 ) and is associated with a dismal outcome. Progression of @entity2360 to a high-grade neuroendocrine @entity5 very rarely occurs and their clinicopathologic and molecular features need to be characterized. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We investigated 31 cases of @entity2360 with evidence of a component of a high-grade @entity5 . The primary sites included pancreas, small bowel, bile duct, and rectum. Histopathology of the cases was retrospectively reviewed and selected IHC and gene mutation analyses performed. RESULTS: The high-grade component occurred either within the primary @entity5 (48%) or at metastatic sites (52%). The clinical presentation, radiographic features, biomarkers, and the genotype of these @entity2360 with high-grade component remained akin to those of G1-G2 @entity2360 . The median disease-specific survival (DSS) was 55 months (16-119 months), and 2-year and 5-year DSS was 88% and 49%, respectively-significantly better than that of a comparison group of true @entity3270 (DSS 11 months). CONCLUSIONS: Mixed grades can occur in @entity2360 , which are distinguished from PD-NECs by their unique phenotype, proliferative indices, and the genotype. This phenomenon of mixed grade in @entity2360 -NET provides additional evidence to the growing recognition that the current WHO G3 category contains both @entity2360 as well as PD-NECs. Clin Cancer Res; 1-7.   2015 AACR.

title: Well-Differentiated XXXX with a Morphologically Apparent High-Grade Component: A Pathway Distinct from Poorly Differentiated @entity3270 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neuroendocrine tumors', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity3270 :: ('MESH:D018278', 'Disease') :: ['poorly differentiated NEC', 'NEC', 'PD-NEC', 'neuroendocrine carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive neoplasms']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Neuroendocrine Tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Coincidental occurrence of @entity1187 with symptoms associated with an @entity56 is called @entity751 ( @entity751 ). Although @entity751 has been recognized for several years and has been reported in many documents, @entity751 induced by @entity775 ( @entity775 ), to the authors' knowledge, has not been reported. CASE REPORT: The @entity1 was a 31-year-old @entity1 who suffered from chronic @entity110 for nearly 3  years. Her @entity110 became more serious 1  week before this visit and was accompanied by repeated attacks of @entity299 . Autologous serum skin test and serum anti-high affinity immunoglobulin E receptor antibody test were positive for @entity775 . Her coronary artery pathological changes were confirmed by electrocardiogram (ECG), @entity10020 ( @entity10020 ) value, and angiocardiography. The @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity751 . After being treated with @entity14746 , glucocorticoids, and @entity500 , the @entity1 did not relapse during the first year of follow-up. WHY SHOULD AN EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN BE AWARE OF THIS?: When seeing a @entity1 with intermittent exacerbations of chronic @entity110 accompanied by repeated attacks of @entity299 , emergency physicians should consider the diagnosis of @entity751 . It is important to monitor changes in the  ECG and @entity10020 value. Angiocardiography is necessary to eliminate @entity583 or @entity1459 . Second-generation antihistamines and glucocorticoids are effective in the treatment of @entity775 and also alleviate @entity3361 . Another important consideration for the emergency physician is the fact that some first-generation antihistamines have the side effect of @entity2224 , so it is better not to use these drugs to treat @entity110 if @entity751 is suspected.

title: Kounis Syndrome Caused by XXXX : A Case Report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity3361 :: ('MESH:D003329', 'Disease') :: ['coronary spasm']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity10020 :: ('7139', 'Gene') :: ['cTnT', 'cardiac troponin T']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['KS', 'Kounis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity14746 :: ('MESH:D017332', 'Chemical') :: ['cetirizine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['chronic autoimmune urticaria', 'CAU']

answer: @entity775 :: (MESH:D019693,Disease) :: ['Chronic Autoimmune Urticaria']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between @entity3562 and @entity73 , taking into account the effect of B group vitamin (BGV) deficiency. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Memory Clinic, S. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy. @entity1 : Elderly individuals (>= 65) (N  =  318; 44 normal cognition, 127 with @entity73 , 147 with @entity303 ) divided into four groups according to plasma @entity1255 (high vs normal) and BGV (normal vs deficit) levels. MEASUREMENTS: Cognitive, clinical, biochemical, functional, and neuroimaging parameters were evaluated. RESULTS: @entity3562 (>15   mol/L) was associated with a higher prevalence of @entity73 and @entity303 (odds ratio (OR)  =  1.98, 95% confidence interval (CI)  =  1.13-3.48), independent of BGV status and other confounders. @entity1 with @entity3562 with normal BGV status had the worst functional status and the highest prevalence of @entity303 (high @entity1255 /normal BGV vs normal @entity1255 /normal BGV: OR  =  3.20, 95% CI  =  1.65-6.21). @entity1255 levels were correlated negatively with @entity1501 and @entity2186 levels and glomerular filtration rate and positively with free @entity1955 and @entity414 levels (model coefficient of determination  =  0.43). CONCLUSION: @entity3562 was associated with worse cognitive and functional status and @entity303 independently of BGV levels. Approximately half of @entity1 with @entity3562 had normal BGV levels, suggesting that other unmeasured factors might be associated with high @entity1255 levels.

title: Cognitive Status According to XXXX and B-Group Vitamins in Elderly Adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine', 'Homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive and functional impairment', 'cognitive function']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity3562 :: ('MESH:D020138', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhomocysteinemia', 'Hyperhomocysteinemia']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity1255 :: (MESH:D006710,Chemical) :: ['Homocysteine']


abstract: We have observed pigmented cytoplasmic granules, with the characteristic staining properties of lipofuscin ( @entity47464 , "wear-and-tear") pigment, in newborn @entity1 liver. The pigment is found at the periphery of the lobule in hepatocytes and some bile ductular cells. It is acid-fast, PAS-positive after diastase digestion, slightly argyophilic and sudanophilic, and markedly Schmorl's- and peroxidase positive in paraffin sections. Difficult to see in sections stained with @entity1710 and @entity1711 , the pigment can be detected in unstained sections. The granules also resemble lipofuscin found in adult tissues, in their ultra-structural and enzymatic properties. They are polymorphic, contain granular material of moderate and high electron opacity, and are delimited by a single membrane. Acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase activities are visualized in the newborn granules, identifying them as lysosomes. The granules also contain @entity920 and, to a much lesser extent, @entity68 . The accumulation of @entity6973 pigment in lysosomes in many tissues correlates well with aging, and this process has been interpreted as a reflection of cellular degeneration or wear-and-tear. However, the presence of lipofuscin granules as a constant component of neonatal liver suggests that they are not a measure of cellular senescence.

title: @entity6973 (aging) pigment granules of the newborn XXXX liver.

entities_list: @entity6973 :: ('MESH:D008062', 'Chemical') :: ['lipofuscin']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term results of balloon dacryocystoplasty in the treatment of @entity9467 due to obstruction of the nasolacrimal ducts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One @entity735 in 84 @entity1 with complete or @entity3885 of the lacrimal sac and duct were selected for dacryocystoplasty. A catheter with a balloon diameter of 3 mm was used. Follow-up was 5-48 months. No stents were placed. A Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to evaluate patency. RESULTS: The long-term primary patency rate was 70% +/- 7 (+/- standard error). Repeat dacryocystoplasty was successful in 10 of the 11 cases with initial failure or reobstruction during follow-up, which yielded a long-term secondary patency rate of 81% +/- 7. There was no association between the length of the obstruction or the duration of symptoms before dacryocystoplasty and the initial and long-term success. Initial and long-term success was statistically significantly higher in dacryocystoplasty for an @entity3885 rather than for a @entity3885 . CONCLUSION: The long-term results of dacryocystoplasty, followed if necessary by repeat dacryocystoplasty, are good. Dacryocystoplasty is a safe and simple procedure and could become the treatment of choice for @entity9467 due to obstruction of the nasolacrimal ducts. Dacryocystorhinostomy is indicated when dacryocystoplasty or repeat dacryocystoplasty fails or when dacryocystoplasty is contraindicated (e.g., in anatomic @entity600 in the lacrimal duct or bony canal).

title: Obstructed nasolacrimal duct system in XXXX : long-term results of dacryocystoplasty by means of balloon dilation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['complete obstruction', 'incomplete obstruction']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['hundred eyes']

answer: @entity9467 :: (MESH:D007766,Disease) :: ['epiphora']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute @entity146 wards manage @entity1 whose actions may threaten safety (conflict). Staff act to avert or minimise harm (containment). The Safewards model enabled the identification of ten interventions to reduce the frequency of both. OBJECTIVE: To test the efficacy of these interventions. DESIGN: A pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial with @entity146 hospitals and wards as the units of randomisation. The main outcomes were rates of conflict and containment. @entity1 : Staff and @entity1 in 31 randomly chosen wards at 15 randomly chosen hospitals. RESULTS: For shifts with conflict or containment incidents, the experimental condition reduced the rate of conflict events by 15% (95% CI 5.7-23.7%) [corrected] relative to the control intervention. The rate of containment events for the experimental intervention was reduced by 23.2% (95% CI 9.9-35.5%). [corrected] CONCLUSIONS: Simple interventions aiming to improve staff relationships with @entity1 can reduce the frequency of conflict and containment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: IRSCTN38001825.

title: Reducing conflict and containment rates on acute XXXX wards: The Safewards cluster randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity299 remains a major cause of @entity204 in Japan. We have implanted autologous bone marrow-derived cells locally into the ischaemic region as a therapy in addition to coronary artery bypass grafting since 1999. We describe the outcomes of our cell therapy for @entity299 . METHODS: Eleven @entity1 underwent local implantation of bone marrow-derived cells into the ischaemic region during coronary artery bypass grafting. Clinical outcomes during the acute and chronic phases were recorded. RESULTS: In the acute phase, no adverse effects were observed. Left ventricular ejection fraction values were not significantly different before and after treatment. Seven of the 11 @entity1 showed improved blood perfusion in the area of cell therapy 1 month after treatment. In the chronic phase, 5 of 11 @entity1 exhibited improved regional blood flow 1 year after treatment. Overall survival at 1, 5 and 10 years was 100%, 83.3% and 83.3%, respectively. Freedom from major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events at 1, 5 and 10 years was 100%, 80.8% and 80.8%, respectively. Death from all causes or freedom from major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events at 1, 5 and 10 years was 100%, 64.6% and 64.6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Local implantation of bone marrow-derived cells in @entity1 with @entity299 is safe and feasible. Cell therapy is a therapeutic option for otherwise untreatable @entity299 .

title: Short- and long-term outcomes of intramyocardial implantation of autologous bone marrow-derived cells for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease', 'Ischaemic heart disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['ischaemic heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3131 ( @entity15795 ) is a novel anti-fibrotic agent that can prevent and even reverse extracellular matrix accumulation in several organs, as shown by experimental and clinical studies. @entity1695 ( @entity1695 ) is a well-characterized model of experimental @entity8 culminating in tubulointerstitial @entity82 . METHODS: @entity1695 or sham-operated @entity35 were administered @entity15795 (500 mg/kg/day) in their food for 21 days to examine the effect on collagen production. The renal function was measured in the kidney after release of obstruction which had been maintained for one week to examine the effects of @entity15795 on restoration after @entity8 . RESULTS: The collagen content detected by @entity720 progressively increased in kidney with @entity1695 for 21 days. These increases were significantly suppressed by administration of @entity15795 . @entity15795 had no effect on collagen production in sham-operated @entity35 . Expression of mRNA for type IV and I collagen and matrix metalloproteinase-2 in the cortex increased with @entity1695 , but was inhibited by @entity15795 treatment. The levels of cortical transforming growth factor-beta ( @entity1810 ) mRNA progressively rose with @entity1695 for 21 days, but this increase also could be suppressed by @entity15795 . Inulin clearance of the obstructed kidney was markedly depressed and remained low at five weeks after release. A progressive increase in @entity720 content was also observed in the post-obstructed kidney despite the release of obstruction. Administration of @entity15795 following the release not only attenuated collagen accumulation, but also induced recovery of the @entity8 . CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that @entity15795 can attenuate both @entity8 and @entity8 in this model, and suggest that @entity15795 can be clinically useful for preventing progressive, irreversible @entity177 .

title: XXXX improves renal function and @entity82 in the post-obstructed kidney.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal fibrosis', 'renal damage', 'renal disease', 'renal dysfunction', 'impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['Unilateral ureteral obstruction', 'UUO']

entities_list: @entity3131 :: ('MESH:C093844', 'Chemical') :: ['Pirfenidone']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

answer: @entity3131 :: (MESH:C093844,Chemical) :: ['Pirfenidone']


abstract: The @entity6497 is unique among birds in having complete separation of urine and faeces. The coprodeal epithelium is thus during dehydration exposed to a fluid 500 mOsm hyperosmotic to plasma. We have investigated whether the coprodeum is adapted like a @entity1 bladder. The coprodeal epithelium was studied by electrophysiology in the Ussing chamber, and the anatomy by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: The short-circuit current (SCC) and open circuit electrical potential difference were recorded. The change induced by 0.1 mmol mucosal @entity6478 was recorded. An average basal SCC of 162+/-29 microA/cm(2) was observed, and a resistance of 297+/-34 Omega cm(2) calculated. These values are as observed in other avian coprodea. The resistance is much lower than in @entity1 bladders (10000 Omega cm(2)). The @entity6478 -sensitive SCC, equal to net @entity1372 absorption, was approximately 5 micromol/cm(2)h as observed in other avian species. ANATOMY: The mucosal membrane is composed of broad irregular folds with very short intestinal glands containing an unusually high proportion of goblet cells. CONCLUSION: The @entity6497 coprodeum is not adapted like a @entity1 bladder. The abundance of goblet cells results in a copious secretion of mucus that establishes a thick unstirred layer giving effective osmotic protection.

title: Does the XXXX ( @entity6497 ) coprodeum have the electrophysiological properties and microstructure of other birds?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity6478 :: ('MESH:D000584', 'Chemical') :: ['amiloride']

answer: @entity6497 :: (8801,Species) :: ['ostrich']


abstract: Somatic forward genetic screens have the power to interrogate thousands of genes in a single animal. Retroviral and transposon mutagenesis systems in @entity19 have been designed and deployed in somatic tissues for surveying hematopoietic and solid @entity5 formation. In the context of @entity5 , the ability to visually mark mutant cells would present tremendous advantages for identifying @entity5 formation, monitoring @entity5 growth over time, and tracking @entity5 infiltrations and metastases into wild-type tissues. Furthermore, locating mutant clones is a prerequisite for screening and analyzing most other somatic phenotypes. For this purpose, we developed a system using the piggyBac (PB) transposon for somatic mutagenesis with an activated reporter and tracker, called PB-SMART. The PB-SMART @entity19 genetic screening system can simultaneously induce somatic mutations and mark mutated cells using bioluminescence or fluorescence. The marking of mutant cells enable analyses that are not possible with current somatic mutagenesis systems, such as tracking cell proliferation and @entity5 growth, detecting @entity5 cell infiltrations, and reporting tissue mutagenesis levels by a simple ex vivo visual readout. We demonstrate that PB-SMART is highly mutagenic, capable of @entity5 induction with low copy transposons, which facilitates the mapping and identification of causative insertions. We further integrated a conditional transposase with the PB-SMART system, permitting tissue-specific mutagenesis with a single cross to any available Cre line. Targeting the germline, the system could also be used to conduct F1 screens. With these features, PB-SMART provides an integrated platform for individual investigators to harness the power of somatic mutagenesis and phenotypic screens to decipher the genetic basis of @entity1 biology and disease.

title: piggyBac transposon somatic mutagenesis with an activated reporter and tracker (PB-SMART) for genetic screens in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Central @entity2994 (CRVO) is a common @entity989 associated with conditions such as @entity101 , @entity6 , @entity726 , and a wide variety of @entity1503 . @entity1103 ( @entity1103 ) represents an important vision-threatening complication of CRVO. There is no proven treatment; laser photocoagulation is not effective in treating @entity1103 @entity4 secondary to CRVO. Intravitreal @entity230 , such as @entity2995 , have been utilized to treat macular @entity4 stemming from a variety of etiologies and may represent a treatment option for CRVO- @entity1103 . OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review was to explore the effectiveness and safety of intravitreal @entity230 in the treatment of CRVO- @entity1103 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library Issue 4, 2008), MEDLINE (January 1950 to November 2008) and EMBASE (January 1980 to November 2008). There were no language or date restrictions in the search for trials. The electronic databases were last searched on 5 November 2008. For all included primary studies, we used The Science Citation Index and manually reviewed reference lists to identify other possible relevant trials. We contacted researchers in the field, currently working on a randomized controlled trial (RCT) on this topic (The Standard Care versus Corticosteroid for @entity2994 - SCORE study), for information on additional current, past, or unpublished trials. SELECTION CRITERIA: We considered RCTs that compared intravitreal @entity230 of any dosage/duration to observation in the treatment of CRVO- @entity1103 for inclusion in this review. We focused on studies that included individuals of any age or gender with unilateral or bilateral disease, with a minimum of six months follow up. Secondarily we considered non-randomized studies with the same criteria for description of evidence, however we did not conduct a separate electronic search for finding all non-randomized studies. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We found no RCTs that met the inclusion criteria after independent and duplicate review of the search results. MAIN RESULTS: We found no relevant RCTs and therefore performed no meta-analysis. Evidence from non-randomized studies is reported in this review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is inadequate evidence for the use of intravitreal @entity230 for CRVO- @entity1103 due to a paucity of RCTs and well-designed observational studies on the topic; therefore, it is still an experimental procedure.

title: Intravitreal @entity230 versus observation for macular @entity4 secondary to central XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion', 'Retinal Vein Occlusion']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['Macular edema', 'ME', 'cystoid macular']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vascular abnormality']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['retinal vein occlusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A 64-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital with significant @entity353 and symptoms of @entity1295 . He had normocytic @entity417 and @entity1398 in peripheral blood. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Further haematological and endocrinological investigations were performed. RESULTS: Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy showed @entity6349 . Immunophenotyping and cytogenetics did not provide evidence of primary @entity66 . Endocrinological testing demonstrated secondary @entity1887 . Magnetic resonance imaging of the sella turcica showed an @entity4776 . @entity701 substitution eliminated the symptoms of the @entity1 and normalised his peripheral blood values. The disturbed maturity and @entity509 of the bone marrow were also normalised. INTERPRETATION: Normalisation of haematopoiesis after @entity701 substitution indicates that @entity701 plays an important role in the regulation of haematopoiesis. @entity4776 with isolated ACTH @entity701 deficiency is a very rare cause of disturbed haematopoiesis.

title: [ XXXX and @entity1398 in primary @entity4776 ].

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['haematological disease']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity4776 :: ('MESH:D004652', 'Disease') :: ['empty sella', 'Primary empty sella syndrome']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['absolute neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic signs']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['Anemia']


abstract: @entity22230 , the sole known signaling receptor for the TNF family member @entity22229 , is inducibly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) in endothelial cells, astrocytes, microglia, and neurons. There is increasing recognition of the importance of the @entity22229 / @entity22230 pathway in @entity10469 , including experimental autoimmune @entity1651 and @entity12319 . Previously, we had found that @entity22230 knockout lupus-prone MRL/lpr @entity19 display significantly attenuated neuropsychiatric manifestations. To investigate whether this improvement in disease is secondary to inhibition of @entity22229 / @entity22230 signaling within the CNS or the periphery, and determine whether @entity22229 -mediated neuropsychiatric effects are strain dependent, we performed intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of Fc- @entity22229 or an isotype matched control protein to C57Bl6/J non-autoimmune @entity19 . We found that Fc- @entity22229 injected C57Bl6/J @entity19 developed significant @entity308 -like behavior and @entity73 . Inflammatory mediators associated with @entity75 , including @entity1750 , C3, and iNOS, were significantly elevated in the brains of Fc- @entity22229 treated @entity19 . Furthermore, Fc- @entity22229 directly increased blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability, as demonstrated by increased IgG deposition in the brain and reduced @entity22440 expression. Finally, Fc- @entity22229 increased apoptotic cell death in the cortex and hippocampus. In conclusion, @entity22229 can contribute to lupus-associated @entity4934 including @entity308 and @entity73 by acting within the CNS to enhance production of inflammatory mediators, promote disruption of the BBB, and induce apoptosis in resident brain cells. Our study provides further support that the @entity22229 / @entity22230 signaling pathway may be a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases involving the CNS.

title: Intracerebroventricular administration of TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis induces @entity308 -like behavior and @entity73 in non-autoimmune XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lupus brain disease']

entities_list: @entity4934 :: ('MESH:D019954', 'Disease') :: ['neurobehavioral deficits']

entities_list: @entity10469 :: ('MESH:D020274', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune neurologic conditions']

entities_list: @entity1651 :: ('MESH:D004679', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity12319 :: ('MESH:D020945', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric lupus']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Leukocyte activation results in a rapid increase in adhesion to the extracellular matrix due to the activation of @entity2393 receptors. A role for @entity4357 (PI) 3-kinase in integrin activation has been proposed, as activation of integrins by many receptors can be blocked by PI 3-kinase inhibitors. One receptor that regulates integrins is the @entity1361 surface antigen; here, we investigated the mechanisms responsible for @entity1361 -mediated integrin activation. RESULTS: @entity1361 -mediated integrin activation was blocked by mutation of the binding site for the @entity8569 catalytic subunit of PI 3-kinase in the @entity1361 cytoplasmic domain, and by expression of a dominant-negative form of the @entity8569 subunit. Substitution of the Src homology 2 (SH2)-binding motif in the @entity1361 cytoplasmic domain for the corresponding motif in the @entity1361 -related @entity4386 surface antigen also blocked integrin activation but did not affect the recruitment and activation of PI 3-kinase. Mutations of the @entity1361 cytoplasmic domain that blocked integrin activation also impaired the @entity669 phosphorylation of the @entity5315 adaptor protein and the activation of the PI 3-kinase that was associated with @entity5315 . This @entity5315 -associated PI 3-kinase was distinct from the PI 3-kinase that coprecipitated with the @entity1361 cytoplasmic domain. @entity1361 -mediated activation of @entity2393 was inhibited by expression of a mutant @entity5315 protein that shows reduced association with PI 3-kinase. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5315 is required for PI-3-kinase-dependent regulation of integrin receptors by @entity1361 . Furthermore, @entity1361 is coupled to two distinct pools of PI 3-kinase, one directly associated with the @entity1361 cytoplasmic tail and the other associated with @entity5315 .

title: Regulation of XXXX -mediated cell adhesion by the @entity5315 adaptor protein.

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity2393 :: ('3688', 'Gene') :: ['beta 1 integrin', 'beta 1 integrins']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity2393 :: (3688,Gene) :: ['beta 1-integrin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) is the method of choice for partial laryngectomy in Germany. In advanced stages, chemoradiotherapy is increasingly indicated for organ preservation. OBJECTIVE: This report considers the indications for and outcomes of supracricoid partial laryngectomy (SPL), also known as crico-hyoido-(epiglotto)-pexy, as an option for surgical organ preservation in moderately advanced @entity5 ( @entity31481 ), in the well-defined gap between TLM and chemoradiotherapy protocols in Germany. METHODS: Retrospective evaluation of functional and oncological outcomes of all SPLs conducted between  2008 and  2014. During this period, 17  SPLs with resection of rpT2 (n  =  2), (r)pT3 (n  =  11), and (r)pT4a (n  =  4) were performed with resection of one arytenoid. Mean age was 58  years (range 47-75  years). In 5  @entity1 , SPL was for a first or second local recurrence after TLM or open partial laryngectomy. Adjuvant radiotherapy was received by 7  @entity1 staged pT4a or pN+. RESULTS: Salvage laryngectomy with adjuvant radiotherapy was required by 2  @entity1 . The remaining @entity1 (n  =  15) had a mean @entity5 -free follow-up of 4  years with a functional intact larynx: these @entity1 can eat and drink, have a closed tracheotomy, and a good voice. After 3  years @entity5 -free follow-up with a functional intact larynx, 2  @entity1 died due to cardiac comorbidity at the age of 76  years. DISCUSSION: SPL is a rare but valuable option for surgical larynx preservation in stage pT3-4a @entity5 .

title: [The value of supracricoid partial laryngectomy in moderately advanced XXXX ( @entity31481 )].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'laryngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['laryngeal cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Acute @entity360 is rare in @entity30 . METHODS: We characterized the clinical features and course of such @entity548 in @entity1 seen at our institution from 1992 to 2000. RESULTS: Five @entity1 had @entity360 during @entity30 . All @entity1 had a known @entity30 , with a mean duration of the disease of 6 years. The source of @entity548 was identified in four @entity1 (80%). Endoscopy was, in all @entity1 , the first diagnostic procedure. An Hartmann total colectomy with closure of the rectal stump and ileostomy was performed in three @entity1 , while two @entity1 with ileal massive @entity548 were treated conservatively. One @entity1 had a recurrence of @entity548 from the small bowel one week later but he didn't required surgical treatment. One @entity1 with pancolic @entity30 died on 10th postoperative day because of @entity177 and septic complications. CONCLUSIONS: @entity360 is rare in @entity30 , with a predilection for site of involvement. The preoperative diagnosis of the site of @entity548 is not easy, and enteroscopy should be mandatory in such @entity1 . Surgery is required for half of cases and recurrent @entity548 should be an appropriate indication for surgery.

title: Severe XXXX in @entity30 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal bleeding', 'gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: The @entity7093 / @entity7094 fusion transcript, which arises from the @entity7093 / @entity7094 translocation, is a molecular marker unique to @entity3975 ( @entity3975 ), the most common @entity5 of the salivary gland. The extent to which the transcript influences disease features and @entity1 survival is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the @entity7093 / @entity7094 fusion transcript is associated with disease stage, @entity5 grade, or survival outcomes in @entity1 with @entity3975 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : A retrospective medical record review was performed at a tertiary-care academic medical institution. The review included 90 @entity1 with @entity3975 who underwent treatment from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2011, and for whom archived @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded @entity5 specimens were available. Records were reviewed for clinical, demographic, and survival data. Tumor specimens underwent fluorescence in situ hybridization. Follow-up was completed on May 15, 2014, and data were analyzed from June 1 to July 1, 2014. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: @entity7093 / @entity7094 fusion transcript status. Statistical analysis determined whether transcript status was associated with disease stage, @entity5 grade, and/or overall and disease-free survival. RESULTS: Among the 90 eligible @entity1 (median [range] age, 55.1 [7.8-89.2] years), 42 were female and 48 were male. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed a @entity7093 / @entity7094 translocation in 50 @entity1 (56%). The translocations were more prevalent in intermediate-grade @entity5 (31 of 49 [63%]) than in high-grade (11 of 49 [22%]) and low-grade (7 of 49 [14%]) @entity5 ; 1 @entity5 sample had no available grading. Similar proportions of @entity1 with translocation-positive disease had T1 (13 of 49 [26%]), T2 (15 of 49 [31%]), @entity6461 (14 of 49 [28%]), or T0 or Tx (8 of 49 [16%]) stages of disease. Thirty-eight of 49 @entity1 with translocation-positive @entity3975 (78%) had N0 stage of disease. Rates of 5-year overall survival were similar for @entity1 with translocation-positive and translocation-negative disease (76.8% vs 75.5%, respectively; P   =   .17), as were rates of disease-free survival (65.2% vs 57.4%, respectively; P   =   .28). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Detection of the @entity7093 / @entity7094 fusion transcript provides useful information for @entity3975 diagnosis but is not associated with differences in survival outcomes.

title: Role of XXXX / @entity7094 Translocation in the Prognosis and Clinical Outcomes of @entity3975 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity3975 :: ('MESH:D018277', 'Disease') :: ['mucoepidermoid carcinoma', 'MEC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity7093 :: (23373,Gene) :: ['CRTC1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Newborn animal and @entity1 pilot studies suggest that mild @entity2332 following peripartum @entity519 -ischaemia in newborn @entity1 may reduce neurological sequelae, without adverse effects. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether @entity2332 in encephalopathic asphyxiated newborn @entity1 reduces mortality and long-term @entity245 , without clinically important side effects. SEARCH STRATEGY: The standard search strategy of the Neonatal Review Group as outlined in the Cochrane Library (Issue 2, 2003) was used. Randomised controlled trials evaluating @entity2332 in term newborns with @entity519 ischaemic @entity75 were identified by searching the Oxford Database of Perinatal Trials, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, The Cochrane Library Issue Issue 2, 2003), MEDLINE (1966 to July 2003), previous reviews including cross-references, abstracts, conferences, symposia proceedings, expert informants and journal hand searching. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials comparing the use of @entity2332 with normothermia in encephalopathic newborn @entity1 with evidence of peripartum @entity1763 and without recognisable major @entity154 were included. The primary outcome measure was @entity204 or long-term major @entity245 . Other outcomes included adverse effects of cooling and 'early' indicators of neurodevelopmental outcome. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Three reviewers independently selected, assessed the quality of and extracted data from the included studies. Authors were contacted for further information. Meta-analyses were performed using relative risk and risk difference for dichotomous data, and weighted mean difference for continuous data with 95% confidence intervals. MAIN RESULTS: Two randomised controlled trials were included in this review, comprising 50 term @entity1 with moderate/ severe @entity75 and evidence of intrapartum @entity1763 . There was no significant effect of @entity2332 on the combined outcome of @entity204 or major @entity245 in survivors followed. No adverse effects of @entity2332 on short term medical outcomes or on some 'early' indicators of neurodevelopmental outcome were detected. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Although two small randomised controlled trials demonstrated neither evidence of benefit or harm, current evidence is inadequate to assess either safety or efficacy of @entity2332 in newborn @entity1 with @entity519 ischaemic @entity75 . @entity2332 for encephalopathic asphyxiated newborn @entity1 should be further evaluated in well designed randomised controlled trials.

title: Cooling for newborns with XXXX ischaemic @entity75 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental disability']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['Therapeutic hypothermia', 'hypothermia', 'therapeutic hypothermia']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of paratracheal air cysts (PACs) and their relationship with @entity3794 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The routine thoracic computed tomography scans of 3549 @entity1 carried out between January 2014 and April 2015 were retrospectively evaluated. The presence, location, structural characteristics (uniloculated or multiloculated), number of cysts, and anterior-posterior and transverse dimensions of the @entity16180 and its communication with the tracheal lumen were evaluated. The presence of @entity82 , @entity2415 , and @entity4595 was also evaluated. The relationship between @entity82 , @entity2415 , @entity4595 , and the presence of @entity45 was evaluated in all @entity1 . An equal number of randomized @entity1 with no @entity45 were selected as a control group. RESULTS: A total of 190 @entity16180 cases were diagnosed, with a prevalence rate of 5.35%: 146 (76.8%) of the cases were @entity1 , 44 (23.2%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 53.79 (16.64) years (range, 12-89 years). The control group included 105 @entity1 (57.4%) and 78 @entity1 (42.6%), and the mean (SD) age was 53.87 (16.65) years (range, 13-87 years). The groups were similar in terms of age (P = 0.876), whereas the proportion of @entity1 in the @entity16180 group was significantly higher (P < 0.001). Most of the PACs were located on the right side (n = 188, 98.9%). The incidence of @entity82 in the paratracheal cyst group was 45.8% (n = 87) compared with 19.5% (n = 37) in the control group; this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The prevalence rates of @entity2415 in the cyst group and the control group were 29.5% (n = 56) and 11.6% (n = 22), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). When the groups were compared regarding @entity4595 (scar and non-scar related), the rate of @entity4595 in the paratracheal cyst group was 17.9% (n = 34), compared with 3.7% (n = 7) in the control group; this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Paratracheal air cysts are relatively common, but the etiology is still unclear. We detected increased rates of cyst formation that may result from the traction effect on the tracheal wall in the presence of @entity82 .

title: Is There a Relationship Between Paratracheal Air Cysts and XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['upper lobe fibrosis', 'fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['upper lobe pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['paratracheal cysts']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['Upper Lobe Fibrosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is an important complication following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The clinical importance of a minimum contrast media volume ( @entity2834 ) for PCI to prevent @entity8 has not been well evaluated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of minimum @entity2834 to prevent @entity8 after PCI. In this study, 2052 consecutive @entity1 who underwent elective PCI in our institute were analyzed. We divided @entity1 into two groups according to @entity2834 : a minimum @entity2834 PCI group [ @entity2834  <=50  ml (n =   94)] and a non-minimum @entity2834 PCI group [ @entity2834 >50  ml (n = 1958)]. @entity8 occurred in 160 (7.8  %) @entity1 . The incidence of @entity8 was significantly lower in the minimum @entity2834 PCI group than in the non-minimum @entity2834 PCI group (2.1 vs. 8.1  %; P =   0.03). According to multivariate analysis, elderly @entity1 and @entity6 @entity1 were at high risk of developing @entity8 in this study population. When analyzing only high-risk @entity1 , the incidence of @entity8 was also significantly lower in the minimum @entity2834 group than in the non-minimum @entity2834 group (2.6 vs. 10.3  %; P  = 0.03). Minimum @entity2834 PCI could reduce the incidence of @entity8 , particularly in high-risk @entity1 ; as such, defining the minimum @entity2834 clinical cut-off values may be useful for the prevention of @entity8 .

title: Impact of minimum contrast media volumes during elective percutaneous coronary intervention for prevention of contrast-induced @entity8 in XXXX with stable coronary artery disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Contrast-induced nephropathy', 'CIN']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity4219 is a rare anomaly that rarely occurs as an @entity75 . Several theories have been proposed regarding the etiopathogenesis. In this communication, we report a case of @entity4219 . Our @entity1 was referred to hospital at the age of four hours. On examination, fusion of both lower limbs with hook shaped appendage, attached distally, absent genitalia and absent anal orifice was found. Spine was deficient in sacral region. Upper torso looked normal. Baby also had frothing from mouth. Abdomen was non-distended. Feeding tube no.10 was tried to pass @entity2133 , which got obstructed at the level of upper esophagus that suggested @entity354 . The skeletogram revealed absence of pelvic bones, @entity10145 , absent fibulae and @entity174 . The @entity1 died at the age of 12 hours.

title: XXXX (Mermaid baby).

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture of both femora']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['isolated lesion']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['through mouth']

entities_list: @entity4219 :: ('MESH:D004480', 'Disease') :: ['Sirenomelia', 'sirenomelia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal atresia']

entities_list: @entity10145 :: ('MESH:C537221', 'Disease') :: ['sacral agenesis']

answer: @entity4219 :: (MESH:D004480,Disease) :: ['Sirenomelia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and optimize the parameters used in multiple-atlas-based segmentation of @entity263 in radiation therapy. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted, and the accuracy of the multiple-atlas-based segmentation was tested on 30 @entity1 . The effect of @entity5562 ( @entity5562 ), number of atlases used for contour averaging and the contour averaging strategy were also studied. The autogenerated contours were compared with the manually drawn contours. Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and Hausdorff distance were used to evaluate the segmentation agreement. RESULTS: Mixed results were found between simultaneous truth and performance level estimation (STAPLE) and majority vote (MV) strategies. Multiple-atlas approaches were relatively insensitive to @entity5562 . A @entity5562 of ten was adequate, and further increase in the @entity5562 only showed insignificant gain. @entity156 performed better than single atlas for most of the time. Using more atlases did not guarantee better performance, with five atlases performing better than ten atlases. With our recommended setting, the median DSC for the bladder, rectum, prostate, seminal vesicle and femurs was 0.90, 0.77, 0.84, 0.56 and 0.95, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that multiple-atlas-based strategies have better accuracy than single-atlas approach. STAPLE is preferred, and a @entity5562 of ten is adequate for prostate cases. Using five atlases for contour averaging is recommended. The contouring accuracy of seminal vesicle still needs improvement, and manual editing is still required for the other structures. Advances in knowledge: This article provides a better understanding of the influence of the parameters used in multiple-atlas-based segmentation of @entity263 .

title: Evaluation and optimization of the parameters used in multiple-atlas-based segmentation of XXXX in radiation therapy.

entities_list: @entity5562 :: ('MESH:D015875', 'Disease') :: ['LS', 'library size']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancers']

entities_list: @entity156 :: ('MESH:D000015', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple atlas']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancers']


abstract: Chemotherapy-induced @entity16 is a very important dose-limiting side effect for which there is no definitive prophylaxis or treatment. This is in part due to the lack of understanding of its pathophysiology and impact on intestinal differentiation. The objective of this study was to investigate the gene expression of the small intestinal transcription factors @entity22437 , @entity6733 , @entity7006 in an experimental model of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 )-induced @entity16 , and to correlate these alterations with histological damage, epithelial proliferation and differentiation. @entity22437 , @entity6733 and @entity7006 are critical transcription factors in epithelial differentiation, and in combination they act as promoting factors of the @entity3430 ( @entity3430 ) gene, an enterocyte-specific differentiation marker which is distinctly downregulated after @entity1500 treatment. @entity19 received two doses of @entity1500 i.v. on two consecutive days and were sacrificed 1, 3 and 7 or 9 days after final injection. Segments of the jejunum were taken for morphological, immunohistochemical and quantitative analyses. @entity16 was most severe at day 3 and was associated with decreased expression of the transcriptional factors @entity22437 , @entity6733 and @entity7006 , which correlated well with decreased expression of @entity3430 , and seemed inversely correlated with enhanced proliferation of epithelial crypt cells. During severe damage, the epithelium was preferentially concerned with proliferation rather than differentiation, most likely in order to restore the small intestinal barrier function rather than maintaining its absorptive function. Since @entity22437 , @entity6733 and @entity7006 are critical for intestine-specific gene expression and therefore crucial in epithelial differentiation, these results may explain, at least in part, why intestinal differentiation is compromised during @entity1500 treatment.

title: The effect of cytostatic drug treatment on intestine-specific transcription factors XXXX , @entity7006 and @entity22437 in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Intestinal damage', 'intestinal damage']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity6733 :: (12591(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Cdx2']


abstract: AIM: Generic drugs are more and more frequently used instead of originators. However, uncertainty exists with respect to therapeutic equivalence of generic product with originator one. Therefore, in this study efficacy and safety of generic @entity2993 was compared to reference product. In @entity1 with increased low density lipoprotein @entity165 ( @entity11429 ) levels of @entity165 and changes of total coronary risk were followed. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, multicenter parallel study was carried out in 22 centers. The study included 148 subjects with @entity11429 higher than 3 mmol/L and increased coronary risk (>9.5% in 10 years calculated according to PROCAM algorithm). After a four-week placebo run-in period, @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive the generic or the reference @entity2993 for 12 weeks. The initial dose of the drugs was 10 mg or 20 mg depending on the baseline @entity11429 value. After six weeks the dose was increased to 20 mg or 40 mg in @entity1 who had not reached the target @entity11429 value of 2.99 mmol/L. RESULTS: Altogether 117 @entity1 have been analysed in the per-protocol analysis. The GA was proven to be equally effective to the reference product as shown by the significantly equal reduction in @entity11429 (GA: 37.8%, RA: 38.4%, P=NS) using the non-inferiority statistical analysis. Also other lipid parameters were significantly lowered by both drugs with the exception of HDL-C. Both drugs significantly reduced absolute coronary risk by 13% and 13.3% for the generic and the reference @entity2993 , respectively. Systolic blood pressure was also significantly reduced by approximately 10 mmHg in both study groups. Both products had similar adverse events profile. No cases of therapy withdrawal due to safety were recorded. CONCLUSION: Both the generic and the reference @entity2993 were equally effective in correcting the lipid profile and reducing calculated absolute coronary risk in @entity1 with @entity407 and increased coronary risk. Both treatments were equally well tolerated.

title: Therapeutic equivalence of the generic and the reference XXXX in @entity1 with increased coronary risk.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2993 :: (MESH:C065179,Chemical) :: ['atorvastatin']


abstract: @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) is widely used for @entity1 with @entity463 ( @entity463 ); however, @entity5 cells frequently exhibit drug-resistance. Base excision repair (BER) has been identified as a possible mediator of @entity2904 resistance, and an attractive approach to sensitizing cells to chemotherapy. @entity1 @entity6471 ( @entity6471 ) is an essential enzyme with a role in the BER pathway by repairing abasic sites, and it also acts as a reduction factor, maintaining transcription factors in an active reduced state. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether the down-regulation of @entity6471 expression by siRNA can interfere with the resistance of @entity463 to @entity2904 , being evaluated by several cellular and molecular parameters. We demonstrated that @entity6471 knockdown associated with @entity2904 treatment efficiently reduced cell proliferation and clonogenic survival of resistant cells (T98G), which appears to be a consequence of increased DNA damage, S-phase arrest, and @entity6714 phosphorylation, resulting in apoptosis induction. On the contrary, for those assays, the sensitization effects of @entity6471 silencing plus @entity2904 treatment did not occur in the @entity2904 -sensitive cell line (U87MG). Interestingly, @entity2904 -treatment and @entity6471 knockdown significantly reduced cell invasion in both cell lines, but @entity2904 alone did not reduce the invasion capacity of U87MG cells, as observed for T98G. We also found that @entity7 expression was down-regulated by @entity2904 treatment in T98G cells, regardless of @entity6471 knockdown, but U87MG showed a different response, since @entity6471 silencing counteracted @entity7 induction promoted by @entity2904 , suggesting that the @entity6471 -redox function may play an indirect role, depending on the cell line. The present results support the contribution of BER in the @entity463 resistance to @entity2904 , with a greater effect in @entity2904 -resistant, compared with @entity2904 -sensitive cells, emphasizing that @entity6471 can be a promising target for modifying @entity2904 tolerance. Furthermore, genetic characteristics of @entity5 cells should be considered as critical information to select an appropriate therapeutic strategy.

title: @entity6471 / @entity6471 down-regulation enhances the cytotoxic effects of @entity2903 in a resistant XXXX cell line.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity6471 :: ('328', 'Gene') :: ['APE1', 'apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease/redox factor-1']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['Temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Various @entity65 models have been developed for @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . Their predictive performance in new @entity1 is mostly not investigated. This study aims to quantify the predictive performance of all @entity65 models developed specifically for @entity6 @entity1 . DESIGN AND METHODS: Follow-up data of 453, 1174 and 584 @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 without pre-existing @entity65 ( @entity65 ) in the EPIC-NL, EPIC-Potsdam and Secondary Manifestations of @entity455 cohorts, respectively, were used to validate 10 prediction models to estimate risk of @entity65 or @entity301 ( @entity301 ). Discrimination was assessed by the c-statistic for time-to-event data. Calibration was assessed by calibration plots, the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit statistic and expected to observed ratios. RESULTS: There was a large variation in performance of @entity65 and @entity301 scores between different cohorts. Discrimination was moderate for all 10 prediction models, with c-statistics ranging from 0.54 (95% CI 0.46 to 0.63) to 0.76 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.84). Calibration of the original models was poor. After simple recalibration to the disease incidence of the target populations, predicted and observed risks were close. Expected to observed ratios of the recalibrated models ranged from 1.06 (95% CI 0.81 to 1.40) to 1.55 (95% CI 0.95 to 2.54), mainly driven by an overestimation of risk in high-risk @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: All 10 evaluated models had a comparable and moderate discriminative ability. The recalibrated, but not the original, prediction models provided accurate risk estimates. These models can assist clinicians in identifying @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 who are at low or high risk of developing @entity65 .

title: The validation of cardiovascular risk scores for XXXX with @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['ARTerial disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular prediction', 'CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active comparator-controlled study was conducted in 69 centers to compare @entity2181 and @entity11440 with placebo in Japanese and Korean @entity1 with an @entity2182 ( @entity2182 ). @entity2181 had similar efficacy but was better tolerated than @entity11440 in Japanese and Korean @entity1 with @entity2182 . The study result was acknowledged as pivotal data in the clinical data package when NDA was filed and successfully approved both in Japan and Korea. Some differences were found in the efficacy and safety of the drug between the Japanese and Korean data, though. We therefore investigated the differences through stratified analysis; however exact causes could not be identified. This study is positioned as a first multinational clinical trial conducted in East Asia. From the aspects of utilization of interoperable data obtained from such multinational clinical trials for NDA filing and earliest possible registration of drugs in the participating countries, we believe it is important to accumulate more experiences in conducting multinational clinical trials. At this time, it is our prime task to minimize the "drug lag" in Japan; I think improving the speed of clinical trials is one of the factors to solve the issue. Global clinical trials involving Western and Asian countries make it possible to use the study data effectively and commonly in many countries. Moreover, from the viewpoint of revitalization of clinical trials, conducting global clinical trials is critically important; so we intend to continue accumulation of our experiences in global clinical trials.

title: [Multinational clinical trial in Japan and Korea on XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2181 :: ('MESH:C099041', 'Chemical') :: ['Detrusitol', 'detrusitol']

entities_list: @entity11440 :: ('MESH:C005419', 'Chemical') :: ['oxybutynin']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactive bladder', 'OAB']

answer: @entity2181 :: (MESH:C099041,Chemical) :: ['detrusitol']


abstract: The association of @entity22301 ( @entity22301 ) and @entity1582 is extremely rare. This association has been described in only six cases. We present a 4-year-old male admitted with a history of @entity1696 and @entity490 . Investigations revealed multiple calculi in both kidneys. A right pyelolithotomy and left nephrectomy were performed. Histological examination demonstrated @entity22301 and @entity2783 . At discharge serum @entity1011 had dropped to 1.1 mg/dl but after being lost to follow up for 9 years, the @entity1 was readmitted because of @entity4 . Laboratory examination revealed a @entity1985 and serum @entity1011 of 2.3 mg/dl. Rectal biopsy showed the presence of amyloid. A treatment by @entity3812 was unsuccessful. Fifteen months later, at the age of 15 years, the @entity1 developed @entity177 (serum @entity1011 14 mg/dl).

title: @entity1985 and XXXX by @entity2783 secondary to @entity22301 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity22301 :: ('MESH:D011705', 'Disease') :: ['xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis', 'XPN']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['systemic amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['terminal renal failure']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['chronic renal failure']


abstract: Cyclic @entity377 -sensitive ion channels, known as HCN and CNG channels, are activated by binding of ligands to a domain (CNBD) located on the cytoplasmic side of the channel. The underlying mechanisms are not well understood. To elucidate the gating mechanism, structures of both the ligand-free and -bound CNBD are required. Several crystal structures of the CNBD from HCN2 and a bacterial CNG channel (MloK1) have been solved. However, for HCN2, the @entity268 -free and -bound state did not reveal substantial structural rearrangements. For MloK1, structural information for the @entity268 -free state has only been gained from mutant CNBDs. Moreover, in the crystal, the CNBD molecules form an interface between dimers, proposed to be important for allosteric channel gating. Here, we have determined the solution structure by NMR spectroscopy of the @entity268 -free wild-type CNBD of MloK1. A comparison of the solution structure of @entity268 -free and -bound states reveals large conformational rearrangement on ligand binding. The two structures provide insights on a unique set of conformational events that accompany gating within the ligand-binding site.

title: Structural insights into conformational changes of a cyclic XXXX -binding domain in solution from Mesorhizobium loti K1 channel.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity377 :: (CHEBI:36976,Chemical) :: ['nucleotide']


abstract: @entity1224 ( @entity1224 ) is a rare but life-threatening complication of oral anticoagulants requiring early recognition. However, no consensus exists regarding the best approach to treatment. We therefore, sought to systematically review the published literature on @entity1224 to elaborate its demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment, complications, and outcomes. A systematic electronic search of PubMed and EMBASE for case reports, case series, and related articles of @entity1224 related to @entity1229 published from inception (November 1950) to March 2015 was carried out. Categorical variables were expressed as percentage and continuous variables as mean    standard deviation (SD). Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. All cases were reported to have @entity1224 as a complication of anticoagulation therapy with @entity1229 . Demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment, complications and outcomes of @entity1224 were studied. Thirty-eight cases of @entity1224 were identified from 34 reports in the literature. No gender preponderance (male = 52.78%) was seen and the average age of presentation was 60.11    12.50 years. @entity1282 , sore throat, and neck swelling were the most common symptoms and the mean international normalized ratio (INR)at presentation was 8.07    4.04. Most cases had sublingual @entity1410 (66.57%) followed by @entity1410 (27.03%). Of the cases, 48.65% were managed conservatively while the rest underwent either cricothyrotomy or intubation with the time to resolution being 7.69    5.44 days. @entity1224 is a rare butpotentially serious complication of @entity1229 therapy. It is more common in the elderly population with supratherapeutic INR; inciting events were present in many cases. Overall, it has a good prognosis with significant morbidity present only if concomitant respiratory compromise is present. Reversal of anticoagulation with low threshold for artificial airway placement in the event of airway compromise leads to a favorable outcome in most cases.

title: Upper Airway @entity1410 Secondary to XXXX Therapy: A Systematic Review of Reported Cases.

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['retropharyngeal hematoma', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['Dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['UAH', 'Upper airway hematoma']

answer: @entity1229 :: (MESH:D014859,Chemical) :: ['Warfarin']