abstract: BACKGROUND Vertebral artery (VA) dissection (VAD) has been described following neck injury and can be associated with @entity64 , but the causal association with cervical spine manipulation therapy (cSMT) is controversial. The standard treatment for VAD is antithrombotic medical therapy. To highlight the considerations of an endovascular approach to VAD, we present a critical case of bilateral VAD causing @entity432 (BA) in a @entity1 with symptom debut following cSMT. CASE REPORT A 37-year-old @entity1 presented with acute onset of @entity16 immediately following cSMT in a chiropractic facility. Acute magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed @entity2806 in the right cerebellar hemisphere and occlusion of the cranial part of the BA. Angiography depicted bilateral VAD. Symptoms remitted after endovascular therapy, which included dilatation of the left VA and extraction of @entity715 from the BA. After 6 months, the @entity1 had minor sensory and @entity73 . CONCLUSIONS In severe cases, VAD may be complicated by BA @entity715 , and this case highlights the importance of a fast diagnostic approach and advanced intravascular procedure to obtain good long-term neurological outcome. Furthermore, this case underlines the need to suspect VAD in @entity1 presenting with @entity16 following cSMT.

title: Endovascular Treatment of Basilar Artery XXXX Secondary to Bilateral Vertebral Artery Dissection with Symptom Onset Following Cervical Spine Manipulation Therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['embolic occlusion of the basilar artery']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['Thrombosis']


abstract: 'Single-sitting' laparoscopic cholecystectomy followed by endoscopic common bile duct clearance is emerging as a viable option for management of @entity2963 and concomitant @entity2877 . The only disadvantage of the procedure is logistical since it requires co-ordination between two teams-the surgeons and the endoscopists. This limitation can be overcome in centres where both the procedures are performed by one team. With a considerable experience in endoscopy, we conducted a prospective study in a select group of @entity1 to assess the feasibility of this single-sitting approach. The study included 38 @entity1 with a radiological diagnosis of @entity2877 or @entity1087 at presentation. After laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the @entity1 were turned prone and subjected to endoscopic retrograde cholangiogram, sphincterotomy and extraction of the common bile duct stone. The procedure was successful in 33 (87  %) of @entity1 . The mean procedure time and hospital stay were 2  h, 20  min and 2  days, respectively. None of the @entity1 had any major complications. We conclude that in a select group of @entity1 , single-sitting laparoscopic cholecystectomy followed by endoscopic clearance of the common bile duct stone is safe and effective.

title: 'Single-Sitting' Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy and Endoscopic Removal of Common Bile Duct Stone for XXXX and @entity2877 : a Feasibility Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['choledocholithiasis']

answer: @entity2963 :: (MESH:D002769,Disease) :: ['Cholelithiasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Findings regarding dietary acid-base balance and @entity121 were mainly reported in Caucasian populations and seldom documented in Chinese population with different dietary habits. This prospective study examined such association in 3,122 Chinese community-dwelling older @entity1 aged 65 and over in Hong Kong. METHODS: Baseline dietary intakes were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Estimated net endogenous acid production (NEAP) was calculated using Frassetto's method based on the diet's protein to @entity972 ratio. Nutrient intakes and estimated NEAP were energy-adjusted by residual method. Estimated NEAP was divided into sex-specific energy-adjusted quartiles for data analysis. Four-year change in @entity121 ( @entity121 ) from baseline was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Analysis of covariance was used to investigate the association between quartiles of estimated NEAP and 4-year change in @entity121 with adjustments for potential covariates. RESULTS: Median estimated NEAP of the @entity1 was 47.3 (IQR: 35.5, 61) mEq/d. @entity1 in the highest sex-specific quartile of energy-adjusted estimated NEAP lost significantly more @entity121 over 4-year than those in the lowest sex-specific quartile of energy-adjusted estimated NEAP in both crude and adjusted models (adjusted mean    SE: 0.486  0.054 vs 0.384  0.055kg, p trend = .026). Change in gait speed was not associated with the estimated NEAP. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide evidence of a slower decline in muscle mass in older adults with a lower dietary acid load. More prospective cohort studies in populations with different dietary habits and randomized controlled trials are warranted to examine the role of dietary acid-base balance in age-related decline in @entity121 .

title: Association Between Estimated Net Endogenous Acid Production and Subsequent Decline in Muscle Mass Over Four Years in Ambulatory Older Chinese XXXX in Hong Kong: A Prospective Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['appendicular skeletal muscle mass', 'ASM', 'muscle loss']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['People']


abstract: In this study, we explored the mechanisms by which the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), @entity4688 , and the Ang II receptor blocker (ARB), @entity9886 suppress oxidative stress and @entity14185 activation-induced @entity32 responses in aged @entity35 kidney. The experimentations were carried out utilizing aged (24-month-old) Brown Norway Fischer 344 (F1) male @entity35 which were randomized into 3 groups and administered @entity4688 (40 mg/kg), @entity9886 (30 mg/kg) or placebo for 6 months (daily p.o.). The level of reactive species (RS), @entity6710 ( @entity29101 ), @entity2197 / @entity9492 and lipid peroxidation were measured. The activity of the pro- @entity32 transcription factor @entity14185 , and gene expression of proteins in upstream signaling cascades were measured by electro-mobility shift assay (EMSA) and Western blotting. @entity4688 and @entity9886 differentially attenuated redox imbalance and the redox-sensitive transcription factor, the @entity14185 pathway. Furthermore, stimulation of the @entity14185 activation pathway by phosphorylation of @entity12149 was attenuated by both compounds. Moreover, mediation of phosphorylation of @entity12149 by phosphorylation of IkB kinase ab (IKKab) and mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase-1 ( @entity70092 ), were also inhibited by @entity4688 and @entity9886 . Finally, both compounds also lowered expression of @entity14185 -dependent @entity32 genes, such as @entity4645 ( @entity4645 ), and @entity1506 ( @entity1506 ). Only @entity9886 lowered levels of @entity12032 (5-LOX). These findings indicate that @entity4688 and @entity9886 differentially suppress @entity32 responses via inhibition of oxidative stress-induced @entity14185 activation in aged @entity35 kidney.

title: Inhibition of XXXX -induced @entity32 responses by angiotensin II antagonists in aged @entity35 kidney.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril', 'Enalapril']

entities_list: @entity1506 :: ('24599(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['inducible NO synthase', 'iNOS']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity6710 :: ('MESH:D030421', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxynitrite']

answer: @entity14185 :: (309165(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['NF-kB']


abstract: The uterus is obviously critical in implantation, development of the fetus and parturition. @entity1204 derived from endometrial epithelium is one of the common @entity5 in the female reproductive tract. In order to clarify the local mechanisms of reproductive physiology and establish a non-systemic therapeutic strategy for reproductive failure as well as for @entity1204 , we applied haemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope (HVJ-E) vector to in-vivo gene transfer into the uterine cavity of IVCS @entity19 . Injection of HVJ-E vector into @entity19 uterine cavity on day 1.5 post coitum (p.c.) introduced a reporter gene approximately 120-fold more efficiently than introduction using the cationic liposome method. The expression of the introduced gene continued for at least 3 days. The plasmid vector was localized in the endometrial epithelium, whereas oligo deoxynucleotides were distributed throughout the epithelium, stromal cells and myometrium. HVJ-E vector did not affect the pregnancy rate, course of pregnancy, litter size, fetal growth in utero or parturition, and did not transfect the exogenous gene to the fetus. These results indicate that gene transfer into the uterus using HVJ-E vector is highly efficient and safe during pregnancy, and results in a well controlled distribution of the exogenous DNA. We believe that this procedure should be widely applicable for investigations of reproductive physiology as well as for methods of local gene therapy in the uterus.

title: Highly efficient and minimally invasive in-vivo gene transfer to the XXXX uterus using haemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ) envelope vector.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'Endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity50 ( @entity50 ) coil embolization is an efficient and safe method to manage cavernous sinus dural @entity2548 (CSDAVFs). However, some CSDAVFs may be associated with @entity432 making access difficult. The purpose of this study was to report our experience of transvenous embolization of the CSDAVF via @entity432 . METHODS: We reviewed the cases of 20 @entity1 who underwent transvenous embolization via @entity432 over a 6 year period. The study consisted of seven @entity1 and 13 @entity1 , ranging from 46 years to 78 years of age (mean, 60 years). We retrospectively analyzed the angioarchitecture of the CSDAVFs, the procedural time and the angiographic as well as the clinical outcomes after embolization. RESULTS: True occlusive @entity50 was found in 13 of the @entity1 , while patent @entity50 with compartment of the @entity50 -CS was demonstrated in the remaining seven @entity1 . The microcatheter was successfully navigated to the @entity292 site of the CS in 16 @entity1 (80%), while such navigation failed in four @entity1 following numerous attempts. The mean procedural times for truly occlusive @entity50 and for compartment of the @entity50 -CS were 111 minutes and 129 minutes, respectively. No recurrent @entity292 was observed on follow-up neuroimages. Three @entity1 had transient third or sixth @entity129 , and one @entity1 had perforation of the @entity50 leading to temporary @entity10 . The mean clinical follow-up period was 18 months. CONCLUSION: Angiographic occlusive @entity50 of CSDAVF may be related to true occlusion of @entity50 or patent @entity50 with compartment of the @entity50 -CS. There is no statistically significant difference in procedural times for these two different @entity292 anatomies. Transvenous embolization via @entity432 is a safe and effective method to manage CSDAVFs.

title: Transvenous embolization of cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula via XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['angiographic occlusive IPS']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistulas']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['IPS', 'Trans-inferior petrous sinus']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['angiographic occlusive inferior petrous sinus']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare enhanced Laws texture derived from parametric @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) maps to other MRI-based surrogate markers (T2, @entity2101 , ADC) in assessing degrees of @entity1575 in a @entity19 model of @entity1575 using 11.7T scanner. METHODS: This animal study was IACUC approved. Fourteen @entity19 were divided into control (n=1) and experimental (n=13). The latter were fed a DDC-supplemented diet to induce @entity1575 . Liver specimens were imaged using an 11.7T scanner; the parametric @entity2101 , T2, and ADC maps were generated from spin-echo pulsed field gradient and multi-echo spin-echo acquisitions. Enhanced Laws texture analysis was applied to the @entity2101 maps: first, hepatic blood vessels and liver margins were segmented/removed using an automated dual-clustering algorithm; secondly, an optimal thresholding algorithm was applied to reduce the partial volume artifact; next, mean and stdev were corrected to minimize grayscale variation across images; finally, Laws texture was extracted. Degrees of @entity82 was assessed by an experienced pathologist and digital image analysis (%Area @entity82 ). Scatterplots comparing enhanced Laws texture, T2, @entity2101 , and ADC values to degrees of @entity82 were generated and correlation coefficients were calculated. Unenhanced Laws texture was also compared to assess the effectiveness of the proposed enhancements. RESULTS: @entity1575 and the enhanced Laws texture were strongly correlated with higher %Area @entity82 associated with higher Laws texture (r=0.89). Only a moderate correlation was detected between %Area @entity82 and unenhanced Laws texture (r=0.70). Strong correlation also existed between ADC and %Area @entity82 (r=0.86). Moderate correlations were seen between %Area @entity82 and @entity2101 (r=0.65) and T2 (r=0.66). CONCLUSIONS: Higher degrees of @entity1575 are associated with increased Laws texture. The proposed enhancements improve the accuracy of Laws texture. Enhanced Laws texture features are more accurate than @entity2101 and T2 in assessing @entity82 , and can potentially serve as an accurate surrogate marker for @entity1575 .

title: WE-FG-206-12: Enhanced Laws Textures: A Potential MRI Surrogate Marker of @entity1575 in a XXXX Model.

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis', 'hepatic fibrosis', 'Hepatic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'Fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'proton density']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Murine']


abstract: A protein encoded by At1g32080 was consistently identified in proteomic studies of Arab @entity958 oroplast envelope membranes, but its function remained unclear. The protein, designated AtLrgB, may have evolved from a gene fusion of lrgA and lrgB. In bacteria, two homologous operons, lrgAB and cidAB, participate in an emerging mechanism to control cell deat @entity204 lysis.     We aim to characterize AtLrgB using reverse genetics and cell biological and biochemical analysis.     AtLrgB is expressed in leaves, but not in roots. T-DNA insertion mutation of AtLrgB produced plants with interveinal chlorotic and premature necrotic leaves. Overexpression of full-length AtLrgB (or its LrgA and LrgB domains, separately), under the control of CaMV @entity3260 promoter, produced plants exhibiting vein @entity24194 delayed greening. At the end of light period, the T-DNA mutant had high starch and low sucr @entity969 tents in leaves, while the 35S:AtLrgB plants had low starch and high sucr @entity969 tents. Metabolite profiling revealed that AtLrgB appeared not to directly transport triose phos @entity1391 hexo @entity20251 yeas @entity375 ls, AtLrgB could augment nyst @entity8701 uced membrane permeability.     Our work indicates that AtLrgB is a new player in chloroplast development, carb @entity505 titioning and leaf senescence, although its molecular mechanism remains to be established.

title: A chloroplast envelope membrane protein containing a putative LrgB domain related to the control of bacterial @entity204 and lysis is required for chloroplast development in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity24194 :: ('MESH:D000747', 'Disease') :: ['veinal chlorosis']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity20251 :: ('MESH:D006600', 'Chemical') :: ['hexose phosphates']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity8701 :: ('MESH:D009761', 'Chemical') :: ['nystatin']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We investigated the incidence of hospital utilization for injuries and compared @entity4968 with other forms of injury. Previous studies have suggested poison control centers reduce health-care costs by decreasing hospital utilization. METHODS: We conducted a one-year retrospective study involving @entity1 treated for injuries at acute-care hospitals in Kentucky in 2008. We also compared inpatient discharges with discharges directly from the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) to determine hospitalization rates. The primary data sources were the Kentucky Hospital Billing database and the Kentucky Regional Poison Control Center (KRPCC) database. RESULTS: In 2008, there were 377,642 hospital encounters for injuries in Kentucky. The most common mechanisms of injury were falls, struck by/against, motor vehicle traffic crashes, and overexertion. Three causes of injury were greater than one standard deviation above the mean in percentage of inpatient admissions: @entity4968 (41.3%), firearms (38.4%), and drowning (22.4%). During this same year, KRPCC reported 46,258 poisonings, with 76.5% of @entity1 managed outside of a health-care facility, 11.4% of @entity1 treated and released from the @entity341 , 7.1% of @entity1 admitted to inpatient care, 2.3% of @entity1 admitted to psychiatric care, and 2.7% lost to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Three causes of injury had the greatest percentage of @entity1 admitted for inpatient medical care-- @entity4968 , firearms, and drowning--suggesting a high level of severity in these injuries presenting to the @entity341 . We believe availability and use of a poison control center reduced hospital utilization for @entity4968 primarily by managing a large number of low-severity @entity1 outside of the hospital system.

title: Comparison of incidence of hospital utilization for XXXX and other injury types.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'emergency department']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

answer: @entity4968 :: (MESH:D011041,Disease) :: ['poisoning']


abstract: AIM: The aim of the study was to describe clinicopathologic characteristics, survival outcomes and the factors associated with recurrence in @entity1 diagnosed with synchronous primary @entity43 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, 50 @entity1 who were diagnosed with synchronous primary @entity43 and underwent surgery between 1998 and 2010 were reviewed. RESULTS: In our study, the median age at the time of diagnosis was 53 years (range 28-79). The most common presenting symptom was abnormal uterine bleeding with a ratio of 36%. Fifty-four percent of the @entity1 had @entity1204 and @entity43 . All @entity1 were surgically staged and the majority of the @entity1 were in stage I for both @entity1204 (58%) and @entity43 (60%). Nearly one-third (32%) of the @entity1 had a recurrence during the follow-up period and by Cox regression analysis the level of cancer antigen 125 (P   =   0.023) at diagnosis, serous or clear-cell histopathologic type @entity43 (P   =   0.029) and stage of @entity1204 above I (P   =   0.048) were found to be independent risk factors associated with development of recurrence. @entity1 with endometrioid type endometrium histology and endometrioid type ovarian histology had favorable prognosis with 120.00 months mean disease-free survival and 92% disease-free survival rate at 36 months. CONCLUSION: In our cohort, we found that endometrioid/endometrioid type synchronous primary @entity43 had different clinical histopathologic characteristics and favorable prognosis compared to the other histologic types of these @entity5 . @entity43 component, stage of @entity1204 and level of cancer antigen 125 at diagnosis were observed to have a great influence on the development of recurrence and survival of synchronous primary @entity189 of the endometrium and ovary.

title: Clinicopathologic and survival analyses of synchronous primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial and ovarian cancer', 'endometrioid type ovarian cancer', 'ovarian cancer', 'endometrial and epithelial ovarian cancers', 'Histopathologic type of the ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'endometrioid type endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['endometrial and epithelial ovarian cancers']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Assess treatment effects by following up @entity1 treated for Buruli @entity1066 in two hospitals with different treatment aspects, including widely differing surgical practices. @entity1 /METHODS: Treated @entity1 were retrospectively identified from hospital records. Between 1994 and July 2000, 136 @entity1 had been admitted for Buruli @entity1066 in both hospitals, and lived in areas covered in the research period. 78 (57%) @entity1 were included in the study. Treatment and status of the @entity1 were analysed. RESULTS: 27 (35%) @entity1 were not healed. Of the 33 @entity1 treated in hospital A, six (18%) were not healed at follow-up, whereas of the 45 @entity1 treated in hospital B, 21 (47%) were not healed. The length of stay in hospital A was significantly longer (P=0.002), and more operations on average were done per @entity1 (P=0.002). In a univariate analysis, treatment in hospital A; the use of @entity1215 (P=0.013); and BCG vaccination status (P=0.04) were all significantly associated with @entity1066 . Using a logistic regression model for multivariate analysis, only treatment as given in hospital A, with standard practice of wide surgical excision, appeared to predict @entity1066 independently (P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows large differences in treatment outcome between the two hospitals; the results support the hypothesis that extent of surgical treatment influences the chance of healing of Buruli @entity1066 .

title: Buruli XXXX : differences in treatment outcome between two centres in Ghana.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer healing']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: A bioassay of @entity11243 for possible carcinogenicity was conducted by administering the test material in the diet to Fischer 344 @entity35 and B6C3F1 @entity19 . Groups of 35 @entity35 of each sex were administered @entity11243 at one of two doses, either 12,000 or 24,000 ppm, 5 days a week for 78 weeks, then observed for an additional 28 weeks. Matched-control groups consisted of 15 untreated @entity35 of each sex. All surviving @entity35 were killed at 106 or 107 weeks. Groups of 35 @entity19 of each sex were administered @entity11243 at one of two doses, either 25,000 or 50,000 ppm, 5 days a week for 78 weeks, then observed for an additional 24-26 weeks. Matched-control groups consisted of 15 untreated @entity19 of each sex. All surviving @entity19 were killed at 102-104 weeks. Mean body weights of the treated @entity35 and @entity19 were lower than those of the corresponding matched controls during the entire study; however, survival was not significantly affected by treatment in either species. In both sexes of both species, survival was considered to be adequate for meaningful statistical analyses of the incidence of @entity5 . In both the @entity35 and the @entity19 , a variety of @entity5 were found in both @entity11243 -treated and control groups. None of the @entity5 were present at a statistically significant increased incidence in treated groups of either species as compared with control groups and were not considered to be compound related. It is concluded that under the conditions of this bioassay, @entity11243 was not carcinogenic for either Fischer 344 @entity35 or B6C3F1 @entity19 .

title: Bioassay of XXXX for possible carcinogenicity.

entities_list: @entity11243 :: ('MESH:D014044', 'Chemical') :: ['tolbutamide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'tumors']

answer: @entity11243 :: (MESH:D014044,Chemical) :: ['tolbutamide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Dietary patterns with @entity65 have been recommended, but the relative contributions of individual foods and food components, alone or in combination, remain undefined. Male @entity6970 (-/-) @entity19 were fed either a purified AIN-93G control diet, a @entity8928 ( @entity8928 ), or a @entity8928 with 10% @entity523 powder (TP), 2% soy germ (SG), or the combination, for 4 wk (n = 10 per group). Plasma total @entity165 and @entity1674 were measured with enzymatic colorimetric kits, and @entity35616 ( @entity35616 ) was measured by ELISA. Liver lipids were extracted with @entity3636 : @entity1042 , and @entity1674 , free and esterified @entity165 measured with enzymatic colorimetric kits. Expression of @entity52501 , @entity38296 , @entity34737 , and @entity34738 in the liver was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Sections of the aortic root and aorta were cut and stained with @entity1710 and @entity1711 (H_E) to assess extent of @entity731 . @entity8928 -fed animals had greater liver and adipose weights, plasma @entity165 and @entity35616 , hepatic lipids, and @entity731 than AIN-93G animals. TP and SG did not decrease @entity731 as measured by H_E-stained sections of the aortic root, aortic arch, and descending aorta. The TP diets further increased plasma @entity165 , but also led to increased expression of the @entity34737 /8 transporters involved in @entity165 efflux. Addition of SG alone to the @entity8928 attenuated @entity8928 -induced increases in plasma @entity165 , liver lipids, and gonadal adipose weight. The results of this study do not support the use of either TP or SG for reduction of @entity731 , but suggest some beneficial effects of SG on lipid metabolism in this model of @entity65 .

title: Effects of @entity523 and Soy Germ on Lipid Bioaccumulation and @entity731 in @entity6970 (-/-) XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8928 :: ('MESH:D020241', 'Disease') :: ['Western diet', 'WD']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic lesions', 'atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular benefits']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: Noroviruses are the leading cause of acute @entity1902 outbreaks worldwide. The majority of norovirus outbreaks are caused by genogroup II.4 (GII.4). Novel GII.4 strains emerge every 2 to 4 years and replace older variants as the dominant norovirus. Novel variants emerge through a combination of recombination, genetic drift, and selection driven by population immunity, but the exact mechanism of how or where is not known. We detected two previously unknown novel GII.4 variants, termed GII.4 UNK1 and GII.4 UNK2, and a diverse norovirus population in fecal specimens from immunocompromised individuals with @entity294 after they had undergone bone marrow transplantation. We hypothesized that immunocompromised individuals can serve as reservoirs for novel norovirus variants. To test our hypothesis, metagenomic analysis of viral RNA populations was combined with a full-genome bioinformatic analysis of publicly available GII.4 norovirus sequences from 1974 to 2014 to identify converging sites. Variable sites were proportionally more likely to be within two @entity1522 (P < 0.05) of positively selected sites. Further analysis using a hypergeometric distribution indicated that polymorphic site distribution was random and its proximity to positively selected sites was dependent on the size of the norovirus genome and the number of positively selected sites.In conclusion, random mutations may have a positive impact on driving norovirus evolution, and immunocompromised individuals could serve as potential reservoirs for novel GII.4 strains. IMPORTANCE: Norovirus is the most common cause of @entity1800 in the United States. Every 2 to 3 years novel norovirus variants emerge and replace dominant strains. The continual emergence of novel noroviruses is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic drift, population immunity, and recombination, but exactly how this emergence occurs remains unknown. In this study, we identified two novel GII.4 variants in immunocompromised bone marrow transplant @entity1 . Using metagenomic and bioinformatic analysis, we showed that most genetic polymorphisms in the novel variants occur near 0 to 2 @entity1522 of positively selected sites, but the distribution of mutations was random; clustering of polymorphisms with positively selected sites was a result of genome size and number of mutations and positively selected sites. This study shows that immunocompromised @entity1 can harbor infectious novel norovirus variants, and although mutations in viruses are random, they can have a positive effect on viral evolution.

title: RNA populations in immunocompromised XXXX as reservoirs for novel norovirus variants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral gastroenteritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study of consecutive @entity1 series. OBJECTIVES: To review the radiographic and clinical results of @entity1 with preoperative fixed sagittal imbalance treated with combined anterior and posterior arthrodesis, and to determine factors that predict clinical outcome. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Combined anterior and posterior arthrodesis of the spine is useful in the management of fixed @entity85 involving the coronal and sagittal planes. The specific indications for combined surgery in the @entity1 with regional and global imbalance have not been well defined. METHODS: Retrospective review of 25 consecutive @entity1 treated with combined anterior and posterior spinal arthrodesis. Inclusion criteria included a preoperative global sagittal imbalance of at least 5 cm. Outcome variables included radiographic measures of preoperative, postoperative, and follow-up films, and a clinical assessment using the Modified SRS Outcomes Instrument and a review of @entity260 . RESULTS: Twenty-five consecutive cases were reviewed. Mean age was 58 years (range 38-77), and mean follow-up was 55 months (range 24-81) for clinical and 44.5 (range 24-81) months for radiographic outcome variables. The mean preoperative sagittal imbalance was 10.5 cm (range 5.2-23.3), which improved to 2.9 cm (range 0-12.6) after surgery, and was maintained as 3.3 cm (range 0-13.5) at follow-up. @entity1515 was -23 degrees (range +40 to -47) before surgery, and increased to -42 degrees at follow-up (range -20 degrees to -60 degrees ), an increase of 19 degrees. @entity1 with preoperative regional hypolordosis in the lumbar spine that was corrected surgically had the highest postoperative scores. The mean score for @entity1 satisfaction with surgical management was 4.45 (range 2.5-5). Correlation analysis of clinical outcome domains demonstrated that @entity1 satisfaction correlated poorly with domains of @entity158 (r = 0.37, P = 0.1) and function (r = 0.4, P = 0.09). Within the domains, self-image showed highest correlation with @entity1 satisfaction (r = 0.65, P = 0.006) and total score (r = 0.89, P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with global sagittal imbalance of the spine were effectively treated with a combined anterior and posterior arthrodesis as measured by radiographic parameters. @entity1 satisfaction with surgery, and overall clinical outcomes were best in cases that resulted in an @entity1515 . The subset of @entity1 with preoperative regional hypolordosis of the lumbar spine has better outcomes than those with @entity1515 in the physiologic range.

title: Management of fixed XXXX : outcome of combined anterior and posterior surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1515 :: ('MESH:D008141', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative lumbar lordosis', 'increase in lumbar lordosis', 'Mean lumbar lordosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['sagittal plane deformity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The benefits of antithrombotic therapy in chronic @entity955 ( @entity955 ) have been established in clinical trials, but there is a paucity of data on outcomes in practice. AIMS: The objective was to establish a large ongoing database of @entity1 with @entity955 , to enable the accurate determination of clinical outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective review of the medical records for consecutive @entity1 who had @entity955 documented on electrocardiogram at the major teaching hospital in Tasmania between 1 January 1997 and 30 June 1999 was performed. An extensive range of demographic and clinical variables was recorded for all @entity1 with chronic or paroxysmal @entity955 . RESULTS: The 505 @entity1 (60% males) included in the database had a median age of 76 years. According to risk stratification criteria, 79% of the @entity1 with previously diagnosed chronic or paroxysmal @entity955 had a high risk of developing @entity64 at the time of admission to hospital care. However, only one-third (34%) of these @entity1 were receiving @entity1229 (or @entity1229 plus @entity117 ), with almost one-quarter (24%) receiving no antithrombotic agent. The annual incidence of @entity64 was 3.4% (1.5-6.4%; 95% CI) when taking @entity1229 , compared to 7.0% (5.2-9.4%) for @entity1 not taking @entity1229 and 7.8% (5.4-11.1%) for @entity1 taking @entity117 . The annual incidence of @entity548 complications in @entity1 taking @entity1229 was 14.2% (10.0-19.5%) overall and 3.4% (1.5-6.4%) for major @entity548 . In @entity1 not taking @entity1229 , the overall annual incidence of @entity548 was 8.4% (6.3-10.9%) and 3.9% (2.5-5.7%) for major @entity548 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1229 is underused in @entity1 with @entity955 . In clinical practice, @entity1229 confers a similar @entity64 risk reduction to that observed in trials, with an increase in incidence of only minor @entity548 complications. @entity117 did not appear to reduce the risk of @entity64 .

title: Outcomes in the management of XXXX : clinical trial results can apply in practice.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'ischaemic strokes']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'bleeds']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF', 'non-valvular AF']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['Warfarin', 'warfarin']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: While selective @entity817 inhibitors have demonstrated improved outcomes in @entity1 with metastatic @entity817 @entity8554 mutant @entity320 , management of brain @entity3 prior to and during therapy presents challenges. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an effective treatment for @entity320 brain @entity3 , but there is limited safety and efficacy data on the use of SRS during @entity817 therapy. An analysis was performed of @entity1 with @entity320 and brain @entity3 treated with SRS while on @entity5457 . MRI scans were reviewed post-SRS to evaluate local control (LC) as well as distant control. We identified 80 metastatic @entity75 treated in 24 @entity1 . The median planning target volume was 0.28  cm(3) (range 0.05-4.19  cm(3)), and lesions were treated to a median dose of 24  Gy (range 15-24  Gy). The median follow up was 5.1  months (range 2-25.2  months). Eight (10  %) lesions showed progression at a median of 6.1  months (range 2-20.1  months) following SRS. Kaplan-Meier LC estimates at 6 and 12  months were 92 and 75  %, respectively. Fourteen (58  %) @entity1 were noted to have distant brain failure at a median of 3.4  months (range 1.9-16.1  months) following treatment with SRS. Median overall (OS) from the date of SRS was 7.2  months (range 1.5-26.8  months) with a median of 11.9  months (range 1.5-28.5  months) since the date of brain @entity3 diagnosis. There was no evidence of increased @entity137 with the combination of SRS and @entity5457 . SRS to brain @entity3 appears to be both safe and effective for @entity1 treated concurrently with @entity817 inhibitors.

title: LINAC-based stereotactic radiosurgery to the brain with concurrent XXXX for @entity320 @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'metastatic melanoma']

entities_list: @entity5457 :: ('MESH:C551177', 'Chemical') :: ['vemurafenib']

answer: @entity5457 :: (MESH:C551177,Chemical) :: ['vemurafenib']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) @entity706 accounts for 5-17% @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). The molecular pathogenesis of @entity1074 is not well-established. The aim of this study was to evaluate immunohistochemically determined nuclear coexpression of @entity4592 and @entity2451 ( @entity2451 ) in @entity5 cells of @entity6595 and its impact on the patogenesis and outcome of the disease. METHODS: Medical records of 35 @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity6595 were analyzed and biopsy specimens were immunostained for @entity4592 and @entity2451 expression ( @entity9135 subunit). RESULTS: The median age of 35 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity6595 was 63.5 years (male/female = 21/14). Symptoms were present in 23/35 (65.7%) @entity1 with the weight loss as the most common symptom. Gastric @entity1074 were usually localized in the stomach corpus and corpus and antrum (45.7% and 31.2%, respectively). H. @entity281 was confirmed in 20 out of 30 (66.7%) @entity1 . Treatment options were as follows: immunochemotherapy in 10 (28.5%) @entity1 , surgery in 9 (25.8%) @entity1 , combined surgery and chemotherapy in 14 (40%) @entity1 and supportive measures in 2 (5.7%) @entity1 . Complete remission was achieved in 13 (37.10/) @entity1 and partial remission in two (5.7%/) @entity1 . Sixteen (45.7%/) @entity1 had disease progression (p < 0.001). Cytoplasmatic expression of @entity4592 in @entity5 cells was detected in 19 (54.3%) specimens. Nuclear expression was detected in no specimen. Cytoplasmic expression of @entity2451 was present in 22 (65.7%) specimens, but nuclear expression was not detected in any specimens. CONCLUSION: Nuclear expressions (activation)of @entity9135 subunit and @entity4592 were not detected in specimens of @entity6595 . The correlation of nuclear coexpression of @entity4592 and @entity2451 in @entity6595 was not established. These results indicate that other mechanisms and signal pathways are active in lymphogenesis of @entity6595 , as that apoptotic inhibition is not the main, nor the only mechanism in tumorogenesis.

title: XXXX aberations and @entity2451 activation involving @entity9135 are absent or rare in primary @entity6595 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MALT lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity6595 :: ('MESH:C535648', 'Disease') :: ['gastric MALT lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['pylon infection']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', 'non-Hodgkin lymphomas']

answer: @entity4592 :: (8915,Gene) :: ['BCL10']


abstract: The National Institute on Aging and Reagan Institute (NIA-RI) criteria, and other neuropathologic criteria for @entity195 ( @entity195 ), were compared with the clinical diagnosis of @entity303 in a well defined population of Catholic sisters. The 47- @entity1 subset examined in this study were college educated and lacked complicating conditions such as @entity4798 or @entity1832 . Sixteen @entity1 had a clinical diagnosis of @entity303 . The NIA-RI criteria imply a perfect correlation between @entity527 ( @entity527 ) density and neurofibrillary tangle distribution. However, @entity527 density often did not coincide with tangle distribution. As a result, it was not possible to categorize many of the @entity1 using the NIA-RI guidelines. The 'high likelihood' category of the NIA-RI criteria for @entity195 research settings (neocortical Braak stage and frequent neocortical @entity527 ) had relatively high specificity (90% of nondemented @entity1 did not meet this criteria). However, only half of the demented @entity1 were in this category. Neuropathologic criteria requiring the presence of neocortical tangles (rather than neocortical Braak stage) had relatively high sensitivity, accounting for 87-94% of @entity1 with @entity303 , but also included 32-35% of nondemented @entity1 . Criteria based on neocortical @entity527 or senile plaques had 100% sensitivity, but a majority of nondemented @entity1 also met these criteria. The results support consideration of both tangles and @entity527 for the neuropathologic diagnosis of @entity195 , but indicate that refinement of the NIA-RI criteria is necessary. A possible refinement is suggested for further consideration.

title: Comparison of neuropathologic criteria for the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarcts']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['neuritic plaque', 'NP']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1832 :: ('MESH:D020961', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse Lewy body disease']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Excessive bodyweight contributes to a myriad of risk factors for @entity102 , and multiple reports have demonstrated that parents influence the development of their @entity1 's behaviors that contribute to bodyweight. However, studies that include considerations for cultural influences are limited, and methodology that considers direct reports from young adults and their parents across cultures does not exist. METHODS: A sample of young adults (N   =   327) and their parents in the U.S. and in China were recruited and completed a series of questionnaires in two cycles (2010 and 2014). With correlation and multiple regression analyses, parents' characteristics, behaviors, and parental authority styles were examined and compared to weight-related @entity146 and bodyweight of their young-adult @entity1 . Additionally, similarities and differences of parental influences between the two cultures were explored. RESULTS: Parents' body mass indexes (BMIs) and dietary behaviors were positively associated with those of their young adult @entity1 in the mixed-culture sample (P   <   .001 for both). When controlling for gender, at high levels of authoritarian and permissive parental authority, the relationships between young adults' and their parents' BMIs were negative for U.S. @entity1 and positive for Chinese @entity1 (P   <   .05 for both). Further, at high levels of authoritarian parenting, the relationship between young adults' and their parents' dietary consumption behaviors was negative for U.S. @entity1 and positive for Chinese @entity1 (P   <   .001). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that the development of life-long @entity146 that contribute to BMI are significantly influenced by parents' behaviors and parenting styles. Moreover, an interaction of parental characteristics and cultural norms is indicated.

title: Parental influences on weight-related XXXX in western and eastern cultures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'participants']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['health behaviors']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['health behaviors']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: African Americans have a greater incidence of @entity2 than whites and have been underrepresented in clinical trials. In the PointBreak trial (pemetrexed- @entity3003 -bevacizumab and maintenance pemetrexed-bevacizumab [PemCBev] vs. @entity1311 - @entity3003 -bevacizumab and maintenance bevacizumab [PacCBev]), 10% of the @entity1 were African American. PointBreak had negative findings; PemCBev did not demonstrate superior @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: PointBreak subgroup efficacy and safety data were retrospectively analyzed: African Americans versus whites for PemCBev; PemCBev versus PacCBev in African Americans; and @entity4207 versus community settings for African Americans. Hazard ratios (HRs) and P values were derived from a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model after adjusting for covariates. RESULTS: Of 939 intent-to-treat (ITT) @entity1 , 94 were African American and 805 were white. African-American enrollment was uniform across the study sites (median, 1 African American per site). In the PemCBev arm, @entity1349 (HR, 1.125; P  = .525), progression-free survival (PFS) (HR, 1.229; P  = .251), response (P  = .607), and @entity137 profiles were similar in African Americans versus whites. For African Americans, @entity1349 (HR, 1.375; P  = .209), PFS (HR, 0.902; P  = .670), response (P  = 1.000), and @entity137 profiles were similar in the PemCBev versus PacCBev arm. For African Americans, no significant differences were seen in @entity1349 (HR, 0.661; P  = .191) or PFS (HR, 0.969; P  = .915) in @entity4207 versus community practice settings. CONCLUSION: In the PemCBev arm, this exploratory analysis showed no significant differences between African Americans and whites for the efficacy outcomes or @entity137 profiles. Consistent with the ITT population negative trial result, for African Americans, the median @entity1349 was not superior for either arm. For African Americans, PFS and @entity1349 were similar in the  @entity4207 and community settings. Additional outcomes data for African Americans should be collected in @entity2 studies.

title: Exploratory Subset Analysis of African Americans From the PointBreak Study: Pemetrexed- @entity3003 -Bevacizumab Followed by Maintenance Pemetrexed-Bevacizumab Versus XXXX - @entity3003 -Bevacizumab Followed by  Maintenance Bevacizumab in @entity1 With Stage IIIB/IV Nonsquamous Non-Small-Cell @entity2 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['Paclitaxel']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aims to discover the individual, microsocial and macrosocial factors and the milieu which lead to today's pattern of adolescent @entity167 consumption. DESIGN: A descriptive, crossover study without randomisation. SETTING: Primary Care. School population from the Bajo-As  n Centre 1 Health Area, Cantabria. @entity1 AND OTHER @entity1 : Adolescents between 11 and 15 in school. A group of key @entity1 from the population was also included. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The PRECEDE health education model was applied to three groups of adolescents. A discussion group with key @entity1 connected with adolescents and @entity167 was formed. The main results were the wrong information recognised by those involved, the easy access of minors to @entity167 , the influence of social acceptance, scant social skills and the lack of alternatives. CONCLUSIONS: In view of these results it is clear that action must be taken. Therefore, a community-based prevention programme for adolescents was set up, its key points being information to parents and pupils, ways of communicating and social skills, creation of alternatives and the creation of a local committee to monitor the rules on provision of @entity167 to minors.

title: [Evaluation of risk factors of XXXX consumption by adolescents].

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'PATIENTS', 'people']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Describe the methodologies and study population of the @entity6 Outcomes in Veterans Study (DOVES). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Prospective, multicenter, observational study of Southwestern veterans with stable, @entity2690 -treated @entity164 2 @entity6 . Subjects were randomly selected from pharmacy records and were required to be using at least one long-acting @entity2690 preparation daily. Baseline psychosocial evaluations included @entity159 , social and cultural barriers to care, self-care behaviors, and @entity455 risk factors. Clinical measurements included self-reported @entity455 , hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood pressure, blood lipids, and body mass index (BMI). A subset of subjects completed a protocol of four times daily self-monitored blood @entity413 testing for 8 weeks. Subjects were followed for 12 months. Principal endpoints included glycemic control, the occurrence of @entity4053 , and control of @entity455 risk factors. RESULTS: We enrolled 338 subjects. The mean (+/-S.D.) age was 65.1+/-9.7 years and 3.8% were @entity1 . At baseline, over two-thirds of subjects reported @entity455 . Nearly three-quarters had limited physical activity. Among subjects younger than 65 years, 53% considered themselves disabled for work. Despite the high prevalence of @entity455 , 43.8% had an HbA1c >/=8.0%. Many subjects were sedentary, 62.1% had a BMI of 30 kg/m(2) or above, and 22.2% were still smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Detailed measurements of @entity159 , self-care behaviors, and risk factor control are feasible in this elderly, debilitated population. Although the prevalence of complications and self-rated disability was high, @entity455 risk factors were poorly controlled in a substantial proportion of subjects.

title: Risk factor management in stable, @entity2690 -treated @entity1 with XXXX 2 @entity6 : the @entity6 Outcomes in Veterans Study.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease', 'vascular disease complications']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['psychological status']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['Type']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Abnormal microcirculation has been suggested in hearts with pathological conditions, particularly in @entity1184 hearts, even in the presence of normal epicardial coronary arteries. However, the morphology of coronary capillaries has not been well investigated in those hearts. METHODS: Ultrastructural morphometry of the capillaries in 47 endomyocardial biopsy specimens taken from 30 @entity1 was performed. @entity1 : Six @entity1 had @entity1121 with @entity384 -like features ( @entity17058 -like HCM), six had HCM, six had @entity17058 , five had postmyocarditis, and seven were normal subjects. RESULTS: The short axial diameters of capillaries were similar among the groups. Abnormal stenosis of more than 90% luminal narrowing was found in 31% of capillaries of the @entity17058 -like HCM group, 16% of the HCM group, 13% of the @entity17058 group, 11% of the postmyocarditis group, and 2% of the normal subjects. Mean (SD) stenosis of the lumen was most severe in @entity17058 -like HCM (78(8)%), and more severe in HCM (67(9)%), @entity17058 (66(8)%), and postmyocarditis (68(4)%) than normal subjects (56(8)%). The mean cross sectional areas of capillaries were similar among the groups; however, the endothelial cellular area was significantly (p < 0.05) greater in @entity17058 -like HCM (24.2 (8.2) microns2) than in normal subjects (14.7 (1.8) microns2), indicating that capillary narrowing was due to the increased volume of capillary endothelial cells. The endothelial cells of the stenosed capillaries showed severely oedematous changes of the cytoplasm wholely or partially, but the cytoplasmic organelles and nuclei appeared intact. CONCLUSION: Narrowing of the coronary capillaries may be of pathophysiological significance in @entity854 in @entity1184 hearts, particularly in @entity1 with @entity17058 -like HCM.

title: Luminal narrowing of coronary capillaries in XXXX @entity1184 hearts: an ultrastructural morphometrical study using endomyocardial biopsy specimens.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['microcirculatory abnormality']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The objective of this study was to determine if the addition of @entity6303 (MA), a modulator of @entity1262 -mediated drug resistance, to first-line cytotoxic therapy in @entity1 with limited and advanced stage @entity151 ( @entity151 ) would improve median time to disease progression and median overall survival. Secondary outcomes evaluated were response rates and @entity1 symptom profile. Between 1992 and 1995, 130 eligible @entity1 were randomized in a double-blind fashion to receive standard first-line therapy consisting of alternating courses of @entity786 / @entity632 / @entity1891 and @entity2879 / @entity900 (and thoracic radiotherapy for limited stage @entity1 ), along with either placebo or MA 160 mg t.i.d. for 8 days commencing 3 days before initiation of each cycle of chemotherapy. Treatment was continued for a maximum of six cycles. A total of 130 eligible @entity1 were randomized, 65 to each arm. Fifty-two per cent of @entity1 had limited disease and 48% had advanced disease. The median time to disease progression in limited stage disease was 46 weeks in the placebo arm and 43 weeks in the MA arm (P = 0.71) and in advanced stage disease was 28 weeks in the placebo arm and 27 weeks in the MA arm (P = 0.92). The median overall survival in limited stage disease was 75 weeks in the placebo arm and 75 weeks in the MA arm (P = 0.56) and in advanced stage disease was 41 weeks in the placebo arm and 39 weeks in the MA arm (P = 0.96). There was no consistent statistical difference in response rates or @entity1 symptom profiles between the two treatment arms. The addition of MA, in the dose and schedule used, to standard first-line cytotoxic therapy in @entity151 did not result in a significant improvement in response rates, symptom profile, median time to disease progression or overall survival.

title: Results of a phase III, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of @entity6303 modulation of @entity1262 -mediated drug resistance in the first-line management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity6303 :: ('MESH:D019290', 'Chemical') :: ['megestrol acetate']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small-cell lung carcinoma']


abstract: @entity3762 ( @entity3762 ) is subdivided into syndromes based on clinical and EEG features. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to characterise all cases of @entity3762 with supportive EEG abnormalities in terms of gender differences, @entity410 types reported, @entity3762 syndromes, family history of @entity302 and EEG findings. We also calculated the limited duration prevalence of @entity3762 in our cohort. METHODS: Data on abnormal EEGs were collected retrospectively from two EEG databases at two tertiary referral centres for neurology. Clinical information was obtained from EEG request forms, standardised EEG questionnaires and medical notes of @entity1 . RESULTS: two hundred twenty-three @entity1 met our inclusion criteria, 89 (39.9%) male and 134 (60.1%) females. @entity410 were the most common @entity410 type reported, 162 (72.65%) having a generalised tonic @entity410 (GTCS) at some time. @entity3762 with GTCS only (EGTCSA) was the most common syndrome in our cohort being present in 94 @entity1 (34 male, 60 female), with 42 (15 male, 27 female) @entity1 diagnosed with @entity3149 ( @entity3149 ), 23 (9 male, 14 female) with @entity2048 ( @entity2048 ) and 20 (9 male, 11 female) with @entity2048 ( @entity2048 ). EEG studies in all @entity1 showed generalised @entity302 . CONCLUSIONS: More @entity1 than @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity302 . @entity410 were the most common @entity410 type reported. EGTCSA was the most frequent syndrome seen. Gender differences were evident for @entity2048 and @entity3149 as previously reported and for EGTCSA, which was not reported to date, and reached statistical significance for EGTCA and @entity3149 .

title: A study of XXXX in an Irish population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Tonic clonic seizures', 'clonic seizure']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'generalised epilepsy', 'epileptiform activity']

entities_list: @entity3149 :: ('MESH:D020190', 'Disease') :: ['Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy', 'JME']

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['CAE', 'Juvenile absence epilepsy', 'childhood absence epilepsy', 'JAE']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['Idiopathic generalised epilepsy', 'IGE']

answer: @entity3762 :: (MESH:C562694,Disease) :: ['idiopathic generalised epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the level of serum lipoprotein(a) [ @entity3452 ] in nonobese and @entity28 @entity2175 subjects with android body distribution. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Serum @entity3452 levels were measured in 30 long-standing @entity2175 @entity1 (duration of @entity6 12.5 +/- 3 years, mean +/- SD), with 15 of the @entity1 being @entity28 of android distribution (BMI > 30 kg/m2 and waist-to-hip ratio > 0.8). In addition, there were 15 android @entity28 nondiabetic subjects and 10 healthy subjects serving as the control group. RESULTS: All groups of @entity1 in this study ( @entity6 , and @entity28 @entity6 ) showed significantly higher levels of @entity3452 than the healthy control group. @entity3452 concentrations were significantly higher in @entity2175 @entity1 with android type of @entity28 than in nondiabetic androids (24.1 +/- 5.6 vs. 14.8 +/- 2.4 mg/dl, P < 0.001). Significantly greater levels of @entity3452 were found in nonobese subjects with @entity6 when compared with @entity28 subjects without @entity6 (22.3 +/- 4.1 vs. 14.8 +/- 2.4 mg/dl, P < 0.001). Furthermore, @entity3452 serum concentrations were not dependent on the degree of glycemic control (controlled @entity2175 23.6 +/- 5.0 vs. uncontrolled @entity2175 21.4 +/- 2.7 mg/dl, NS), but were much greater in subjects with @entity6 complicated by @entity455 (complicated 26.3 +/- 5.0 vs. uncomplicated 20.5 +/- 2.7 mg/dl, P < 0.001). No correlation was found between @entity3452 and other lipid parameters in this study. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3452 levels are significantly elevated in both @entity28 and nonobese @entity2175 @entity1 regardless of the degree of glycemic control. @entity3452 is an independent risk factor showing greater elevations in those subjects complicated with @entity532 .

title: Lipoprotein(a) in @entity28 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic, obese', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['android-obese', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic vascular diseases']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['NIDDM']


abstract: PURPOSE: We have shown previously that Bruch's membrane (BM) aging decreases @entity989 ( @entity989 ) phagocytosis. Herein, we determine the effects of BM reengineering on @entity989 phagocytosis. METHODS: BM explants were dissected from young and old donor eyes. Some old BM explants were reengineered by cleaning with @entity6000 and/or coating with extracellular matrix (ECM) ligands. @entity1 cell-derived ECM (ARPE-ECM) modified ("aged") by @entity11495 was subjected to similar treatments. @entity1 cells were then cultured to confluence onto the different surfaces. Fluorescently-labeled @entity291 rod outer segments (ROS) were fed to cells with or without aVb5 integrin antibody. Image acquisition and phagocytosis quantification was performed by fluorescence microscopy and ImageJ analysis. RESULTS: Cleaning old donor-derived BM with detergent does not increase the uptake of ROS, but a combination of cleaning and coating with ECM ligands significantly increases @entity989 phagocytosis (54.9    6.2 vs. 83.5    6.5 arbitrary units; P < 0.05) to levels closer to young donor BM (123.6    9.9 arbitrary units). Similar effects were observed on @entity3542 -modified ARPE-ECM subjected to the same treatments. Incubation of aVb5 blocking antibody with ROS significantly decreased @entity989 phagocytosis. CONCLUSIONS: The detrimental effects of aging BM on @entity989 phagocytosis can be reversed by reengineering the BM surface with detergent cleaning and recoating with ECM ligands. TRANSLATION RELEVANCE: These results demonstrate that the therapeutic success of transplanted @entity989 cells may require, at least in part, reengineering of diseased BM to make it a more suitable environment for attachment, survival and proper functioning of the @entity989 .

title: Reengineering @entity1 Bruch's Membrane Increases Rod Outer Segment Phagocytosis by XXXX Retinal Pigment Epithelium.

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity11495 :: ('MESH:D012977', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitrite']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal pigment epithelium', 'RPE']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the frequency, nature, trends, predictors, and outcomes of chemotherapy-related hospitalizations (CRHs) among a nonselected population of @entity5 @entity1 treated at a community @entity5 center, and to explore the feasibility of implementing continuous quality improvement methodologies in routine oncology practice. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study of consecutive adult @entity5 @entity1 who received chemotherapy at a community @entity5 center January 2003 to December 2006. Demographic, comorbidity, diagnosis, treatment, and laboratory data were collected via medical record abstraction. Hospitalizations were classified as chemotherapy related or unrelated by a multidisciplinary panel. @entity1 who experienced CRHs were compared with those who did not. Using a randomly sampled subset of cases and controls, we built a logistic regression model to identify independent predictors of @entity6192 . RESULTS: Of 2,068 chemotherapy recipients, 179 (8.7%) experienced 262 CRHs. Most hospitalizations were not chemotherapy related (73.7%). The mean monthly rate of @entity6192 was 1.5%, the median length of stay was 5 days, the most common type of @entity6192 was gastrointestinal (46.1%) followed by infectious (31.4%), and 0.9% of chemotherapy recipients had a fatal @entity6192 . Significant predictors of @entity6192 included having a comorbidity score of 3-4 versus 0 and having a higher @entity1011 level. CONCLUSIONS: Although the vast majority of chemotherapy recipients did not experience a @entity6192 , these events were, unfortunately, not without serious consequences. Care should be taken when offering chemotherapy to @entity1 with multiple comorbid conditions. Systematic efforts to monitor @entity137 can lead directly to improvements in quality of care.

title: Chemotherapy-related hospitalization among community XXXX center @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Percutaneous internal ring suturing (PIRS) is a minimally invasive method for repair of pediatric @entity169 . In this study we report our experience with PIRS. METHODS: All @entity1 >10kg presenting to our institute between June 2013 and March 2015 with a diagnosis of indirect @entity169 or communicating hydrocele underwent laparoscopic repair using PIRS technique. @entity1 ' gender, age at surgery, side of @entity169 /communicating hydrocele at diagnosis, peroperative findings, surgical and anesthesia times plus follow-up findings were collected. RESULTS: Two-hundred thirteen @entity1 underwent 250 procedures. @entity169 or communicating hydrocele was diagnosed on the right side in 113 (53.1%), the left side in 75 (35.2%) and bilaterally in 25 @entity1 (11.7%). @entity717 was found in 35 @entity1 (16.4%). Mean surgery time was 14.3min for unilateral and 20.4min for bilateral PIRS, and mean anesthesia time was 33.6min for unilateral and 39.1min for bilateral PIRS. Average follow-up time was 9.6months. Recurrence was seen in 3 (1.4%) and complications in 6 @entity1 (2.8%). CONCLUSION: PIRS is a simple, safe and effective method for the treatment of @entity169 and communicating hydrocele in @entity1 .

title: Percutaneous internal ring suturing is a safe and effective method for the minimal invasive treatment of pediatric XXXX : Experience with 250 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Contralateral hernia']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['Inguinal hernia', 'inguinal hernia']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia']


abstract: PURPOSE: Adherence to treatment protocols to manage @entity221 , @entity4854 , and @entity1282 is associated with reduced levels of mortality and morbidity in @entity64 @entity1 . However, the extent of research translation in this area is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is an evidence-practice gap in the management of @entity221 , @entity4854 , and @entity1282 in an @entity64 . DESIGN: Medical records were audited to determine whether clinical practice was consistent with best practice, as defined by treatment protocols used within the Quality in @entity64 Care study. METHODS: Data were collected regarding the assessment and management of @entity221 , @entity4854 , and @entity1282 . Reasons for variance from "best practice" care were noted. The case note audit took place in an @entity64 in a large teaching hospital in Australia. @entity1 were 53 @entity64 survivors discharged from the study site over a 6-month period in 2013. FINDINGS: Care processes did not consistently reflect best practice. Temperature was monitored 4-6 hourly in 62% of the @entity1 . Fifty-three percent of the @entity1 had a fingerprick blood @entity413 level on admission to the @entity64 unit and only 4% of the @entity1 were monitored 6th hourly. Data showed that 83% of the @entity1 received a swallow assessment within 24  hours by a speech pathologist. Thirty percent of the @entity1 were given food and fluids before speech assessment. Only eight @entity1 (26%) directly admitted to the @entity64 unit received best practice assessment of temperature, blood @entity413 , and @entity1282 . CONCLUSIONS: Current practice does not reflect best practice. Barriers to research translation are currently unclear but must be overcome to improve care quality for @entity64 survivors. Multifaceted interventions to ensure uptake of care protocols are required. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Consistent provision of evidence-based practice needs to be available to ensure @entity1 are provided with the best nursing care following @entity64 .

title: Management of Fever, @entity4854 , and XXXX in an @entity64 Unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke', 'Acute Stroke', 'acute stroke unit']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity1282 :: (MESH:D003680,Disease) :: ['Dysphagia']


abstract: The aim of this article is to describe potential alternatives to @entity1 no longer eligible for management with @entity176 for @entity170 according to the recommendations by the European Medicines Agency. A systematic search of Pubmed was done for papers on @entity174 efficacy of various treatments for @entity170 , and potential harms especially in terms of cardiovascular events and @entity64 . The results showed that drugs more efficacious in terms of relative risk reduction of @entity174 than @entity176 were @entity561 , @entity562 , @entity4381 , and denosumab. @entity441 , as for @entity9756 , may be associated with an increased risk of @entity1211 and fatal @entity64 . In terms of cardiovascular events special attention may be given to @entity460 supplements. Thus, @entity1 at risk of @entity64 and ischemic @entity299 such as @entity583 should not use @entity176 . Ideally more efficacious drugs in terms of @entity174 reduction should be used such as @entity561 , @entity562 , @entity4381 or denosumab. @entity441 may pose a special problem as this too may be associated with an increased risk of @entity64 . Other less-potent drugs in terms of @entity174 reduction should only be used if no alternatives are available ( @entity7923 , @entity5279 , @entity19160 ). @entity461 or analogs may be used for a limited time interval in specially selected @entity1 and needs to be followed up with antiresorptive treatment to prevent @entity604 . However, it should be remembered that no head-to-head comparison studies exist.

title: New strategies for @entity170 XXXX previously managed with @entity176 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['fatal strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity5279 :: ('MESH:C019248', 'Chemical') :: ['pamidronate']

entities_list: @entity561 :: ('MESH:D019386', 'Chemical') :: ['alendronate']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['loss of the bone gained']

entities_list: @entity7923 :: ('MESH:C073007', 'Chemical') :: ['ibandronate']

entities_list: @entity562 :: ('MESH:C073008', 'Chemical') :: ['risedronate']

entities_list: @entity9756 :: ('MESH:D013324', 'Chemical') :: ['strontium']

entities_list: @entity19160 :: ('MESH:D004002', 'Chemical') :: ['clodronate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity4381 :: ('MESH:C088658', 'Chemical') :: ['zoledronate']

entities_list: @entity176 :: ('MESH:C081587', 'Chemical') :: ['strontium ranelate']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['Parathyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity441 :: ('MESH:D020849', 'Chemical') :: ['Raloxifene']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Safety profiles of biologics for treatment of @entity1569 are limited to data from randomized controlled trials. There is a need for comparative safety reports of biologics based on data from clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: We sought to estimate and compare the incidence of adverse events (AEs) leading to withdrawal of biologics (etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab, and ustekinumab) in the treatment of @entity1569 . METHODS: We conducted a multicenter retrospective chart review from September 2005 to September 2014. Incidence proportion and rate of AEs leading to withdrawal by biologic agent and AE were calculated. RESULTS: For 545 treatments administered in 398 @entity1 , 22 (4.04%) AEs were associated with withdrawal, for a rate of 1.97/100 @entity1 -years (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32-2.94). Common AEs were injection-/infusion-site reactions (0.55%, 0.92%, 0%, and 0% for etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab, and ustekinumab, respectively); @entity281 (0%, 0.18%, 0.55%, 0.18%); and @entity5 (0.18%, 0.18%, 0%, 0.37%). LIMITATIONS: Possible incompleteness of chart details and small study population limit the conclusiveness of findings. CONCLUSION: Biologic agents for treatment of @entity1569 are safe; AEs associated with withdrawal occurred in 4% of all administered biologic therapies. It does not appear that real-world @entity1 encounter more AEs with biologics than @entity1 in clinical trials.

title: Adverse events resulting in withdrawal of biologic therapy for XXXX in real-world clinical practice: A Canadian multicenter retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: GOALS: To test the hypothesis that the use of a low-residue breakfast (LRB) the day prior to colonoscopy was not inferior to consuming @entity16488 ( @entity16488 ) in @entity1 undergoing outpatient colonoscopy with a @entity968 ( @entity970 ) bowel preparation. BACKGROUND: Optimal colon cleansing is essential for complete visualisation of the mucosa during colonoscopy. Few studies have examined the effect of diet on the quality of bowel cleansing or tolerance in @entity1 using a @entity970 bowel preparation for colonoscopy. METHODS: Randomised, single-blinded non-inferiority trial. Adult @entity1 scheduled for outpatient colonoscopy with @entity970 solution were randomised to an LRB followed by clear fluids or @entity16488 using either a traditional or split-dose @entity970 solution for bowel preparation. The primary outcome was colon cleansing based on the Ottawa Bowel Preparation Score (OBPS). RESULTS: On an intention-to-treat (ITT) basis, a total of 109 and 105 @entity1 were included in the @entity16488 and LRB arms, respectively, with 116 and 98 @entity1 , respectively, for the per-protocol (PP) analysis. Although there was no difference in the mean total OBPS between the @entity16488 or LRB arms in either the ITT or PP analysis, the threshold for non-inferiority was not met. @entity1 acceptance of the regimens was higher in the LRB arm than in the @entity16488 arm in the ITT and PP analyses. CONCLUSIONS: This study failed to show the non-inferiority of an LRB in @entity1 receiving bowel preparation with a @entity970 -based solution. A @entity16488 should be prescribed when using a @entity970 bowel preparation. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01454388).

title: Low-residue breakfast during the preparation for colonoscopy using a XXXX electrolyte solution: a randomised non-inferiority trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity16488 :: ('MESH:D018262', 'Disease') :: ['clear fluids alone', 'CFD']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity968 :: (MESH:D011092,Chemical) :: ['polyethylene glycol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Bakumondo-to (Maimendong tang) is a traditional oriental herbal medicine that has been used as an antitussive agent. We previously demonstrated that Bakumondo-to attenuates airway hyperresponsiveness induced by @entity1787 . However, the mechanism(s) responsible for this effect remains unclear. In the present study, we examined the mechanism whereby Bakumondo-to inhibits @entity1787 -induced airway hyperresponsiveness. First, we examined the effect of Bakumondo-to on @entity2918 production, which are key mediators to airway hyperresponsiveness after @entity1787 exposure. Second, we studied its effects on the vagal neuroeffector transmission, because vagal nerve is likely to play an important role in airway hyperresponsiveness after @entity1787 . METHODS: We measured the effects of Bakumondo-to on the concentrations of @entity2918 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid before and after @entity1787 . We evaluated the effects of Bakumondo-to on the contraction of @entity840 tracheal smooth muscle evoked by electrical field stimulation (EFS) or the exogenous application of @entity934 ( @entity1617 ). Isometric tension of tracheal strips was measured in the presence of @entity3352 (10(-6) M) and of @entity2997 (10(-6) M). RESULTS: @entity1787 caused significant increase in @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) and @entity7489 (TXB2); however, Bakumondo-to did not affect the increase in these @entity2918 . Bakumondo-to (0.01 mg/ @entity64137 mg/mL) significantly suppressed the contraction evoked by EFS, but did not affect the @entity1617 -evoked contraction, indicating that Bakumondo-to suppressed tracheal smooth muscle contraction pre-junctionally. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the mechanism by which Bakumondo-to inhibits airway hyperresponsiveness depends on inhibiting the release of @entity934 from vagal nerve terminals.

title: Traditional oriental herbal medicine, Bakumondo-to, suppresses vagal neuro-effector transmission in XXXX trachea.

entities_list: @entity2997 :: ('MESH:D006145', 'Chemical') :: ['guanethidine']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostanoids']

entities_list: @entity7489 :: ('MESH:D013929', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane B2']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Interactions between @entity1372 and @entity460 regulating systems are poorly characterized but clinically important. @entity461 ( @entity461 ) levels are increased shortly after @entity1483 treatment by an unknown mechanism, and this effect is blunted by the previous administration of a calcimimetic in animal studies. Here, we explored further the possible underlying mechanisms of this observation in a randomized crossover placebo-controlled study performed in 18 @entity1 males. Volunteers took either @entity4046 (60  mg) or placebo and received a 20  mg @entity1483 injection 3  h later. Plasma samples were collected at 15-min intervals and analyzed for intact @entity461 , @entity460 , @entity1372 , @entity972 , @entity1760 , @entity4613 , plasma @entity916 activity (PRA), and @entity1369 up to 6  h after @entity1483 injection. Urinary electrolyte excretion was also monitored. Subjects under placebo presented a sharp increase in @entity461 levels after @entity1483 injection. In the presence of @entity4046 , @entity461 levels were suppressed and marginal increase of @entity461 was observed. No significant changes in electrolytes and urinary excretion were identified that could explain the @entity1483 -induced increase in @entity461 levels. PRA and @entity1369 were stimulated by @entity1483 injection but were not affected by previous @entity4046 ingestion. Expression of @entity17365 , but not @entity35635 , was found in parathyroid tissue. In conclusion, our results indicate that @entity1483 acutely stimulates @entity461 secretion in the absence of any detectable electrolyte changes in healthy adults. A possible direct effect of @entity1483 on parathyroid gland needs further studies.

title: @entity1483 stimulation of parathormone in @entity1 : role of the @entity460 -sensing receptor and the XXXX -angiotensin system.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity4046 :: ('MESH:C476217', 'Chemical') :: ['cinacalcet']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'Parathyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity916 :: (5972,Gene) :: ['renin']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Posterior reversible @entity75 syndrome is a clinicoradiologic syndrome. Literature regarding associated factors and the prognostic significance of contrast enhancement in posterior reversible @entity75 syndrome is sparse. This study set out to evaluate an association between the presence of enhancement in posterior reversible @entity75 syndrome and various clinical factors in a large series of @entity1 with this syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From an MR imaging report search that yielded 176 @entity1 with clinically confirmed posterior reversible @entity75 syndrome between 1997 and 2014, we identified 135 @entity1 who had received @entity2287 -based contrast. The presenting symptoms, etiology, clinical follow-up, and maximum @entity551 within 1 day of MR imaging were recorded. MRIs were reviewed for @entity548 , MR imaging severity, and the presence and pattern of contrast enhancement. Statistical analyses evaluated a correlation between any clinical features and the presence or pattern of enhancement. RESULTS: Of 135 included @entity1 (67.4% females; age range, 7-82 years), 59 (43.7%) had contrast enhancement on T1-weighted MR imaging, the most common pattern being leptomeningeal (n = 24, 17.8%) or leptomeningeal plus cortical (n = 21, 15.6%). Clinical outcomes were available in 96 @entity1 . No significant association was found between the presence or pattern of enhancement and any of the variables, including sex, age, symptom, MR imaging severity, blood pressure, or outcome (all P > .05 after Bonferroni correction). CONCLUSIONS: The presence or pattern of enhancement in posterior reversible @entity75 syndrome is not associated with any of the tested variables. However, an association was found between MR imaging severity and clinical outcome.

title: Utility and Significance of XXXX -Based Contrast Enhancement in Posterior Reversible @entity75 Syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['parenchymal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['systolic and diastolic blood pressures']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity2287 :: (MESH:D005682,Chemical) :: ['Gadolinium']


abstract: A simple and rapid isocratic HPLC assay is presented for the analysis and quantification of @entity199 , i.e., @entity23919 , @entity12263 , @entity70171 , @entity4111 and @entity70172 in the diet of laboratory animals. The @entity199 were extracted from the diet using 90% @entity1042 in water. The analysis for the @entity199 was performed by HPLC using a Whatman PartiSphere C18 column with UV detection. The mobile phase was isocratic @entity1042 -water (72:28, v/v) for @entity23919 , @entity12263 , @entity70171 and @entity4111 and @entity1042 -water (65:35, v/v) for @entity70172 . The method was simple with good repeatability (R.S.D. = 4.2-16.1%), reproducibility (R.S.D. = 3.7-19%), and accuracy (R.S.D. = 5.5-23.3%). The detection limit of the @entity199 extracted from the diet was 2 micrograms/g for @entity23919 , @entity70171 and @entity70172 , 20 micrograms/g for @entity4111 and 100 micrograms/g for @entity12263 . Excellent resolution was achieved between the @entity199 and the constituents of the diet. The method demonstrated applicability to monitoring the formulation of @entity199 in the diet of laboratory animals.

title: Quantification of @entity23919 , @entity12263 , @entity70171 , XXXX and @entity70172 by isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography.

entities_list: @entity70171 :: ('MESH:C033342', 'Chemical') :: ['perillaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity199 :: ('MESH:D039821', 'Chemical') :: ['monoterpenes']

entities_list: @entity4111 :: ('MESH:C032208', 'Chemical') :: ['perillyl alcohol']

answer: @entity4111 :: (MESH:C032208,Chemical) :: ['perillyl alcohol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Introduction @entity1212 ( @entity1212 ) are increasingly being used to provide postoperative @entity1337 following laparotomy for colorectal surgery. Little is known about their efficacy in comparison with epidural infusion @entity1337 (EIA). They are potentially better as they avoid the recognised complications associated with EIA. This study compares these two methods of @entity1337 . Outcomes include average @entity158 scores, time to mobilisation and length of stay. Methods This was a 33-month single centre observational study including all @entity1 undergoing elective open or laparoscopic-converted-to-open colorectal resection for both benign and @entity5 . @entity1 received either EIA or @entity1212 . Data were collected prospectively and analysed retrospectively. Results A total of 95 @entity1 were identified. Indications for surgery, operation and complications were recorded. The mean time to mobilisation was significantly shorter in @entity1 who had @entity1212 compared with EIA @entity1 (2.4 vs 3.5 days, p<0.05). There was no difference in postoperative @entity158 scores or length of stay. Conclusions @entity1212 provide equivalent @entity1337 to EIA and avoid the recognised potential complications of EIA. They are associated with a shorter time to mobilisation. Their use should be adopted more widely.

title: XXXX provide equivalent @entity1337 to epidurals following laparotomy for colorectal surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1212 :: ('MESH:D055499', 'Disease') :: ['Rectus sheath catheters', 'RSCs']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

answer: @entity1212 :: (MESH:D055499,Disease) :: ['Rectus sheath catheters']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the potential role of intravascular magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with receiver coils mounted to an inflatable balloon in characterizing @entity731 plaque. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve @entity1 @entity1347 with @entity731 changes were studied with a 5-F imaging balloon catheter equipped with a single-loop wire receiver coil. Imaging was performed with an open-configuration 0.5-T (n = 6) or a 1.5-T (n = 6) MR system, with T1- and T2-weighted sequences. Histologic analysis was the reference standard, and MR images were analyzed with regard to vessel wall thickness, @entity527 , and components. RESULTS: Images acquired at 1.5 T were characterized by better in-plane resolution (117 x 104 microm). Resolution at 0.5 T (234 x 178 microm) was sufficient to discriminate the wall layers. On T2-weighted images, adventitia, media, and thickened intima could be discriminated. T1-weighted images did not permit differentiation between wall layers. There was good correlation between MR and histologic measurements of wall thickness (r = .97) and @entity527 (r = .98). Plaque characterization was possible on T2-weighted images. Calcified plaque was identified as areas of low signal intensity (134 +/- 98) and could be differentiated from fibrous structures containing collagen (1,968 +/- 680) or fatty components (762 +/- 394). CONCLUSION: Intravascular MR imaging on the basis of the balloon catheter design enables differentiation of wall layers and plaque components.

title: Intravascular MR imaging of @entity731 plaque: ex vivo analysis of XXXX femoral arteries with histologic correlation.

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['plaque area']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['harvested segmental femoral arteries']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity157 has an overall 5-year survival of less than 5%. Similarly, @entity788 has a mortality: incidence ratio of 0.99. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of @entity1722 and @entity2467 ( @entity2467 ) overexpression and to identify a possible predictive role in @entity1 with these two @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective study on archival specimens of subjects with hepatocellular and @entity3123 . @entity1722 and @entity2467 overexpression were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity1 with @entity3123 and 25 @entity1 with @entity157 were identified. The mean age was 71.7 years for @entity1 with @entity3123 and 66 years for @entity1 with @entity157 . Two @entity1 with @entity157 and none with @entity788 overexpressed @entity1722 , while 2 @entity1 with @entity3123 and 1 @entity1 with @entity157 overexpressed @entity2467 . CONCLUSION: @entity1722 and @entity2467 are not significantly overexpressed in either @entity5 . There appears to be no role for the use of trastuzumab in either @entity5 . Similarly, while there appears to be no role for @entity669 kinase inhibitors in the treatment of @entity157 , further larger studies are necessary in pancreatic @entity420 .

title: XXXX and @entity2467 ( @entity2467 ) overexpression in hepatocellular and @entity3123 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['HER-2/neu']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Licorice has been used to treat @entity66 , including palpitations, in both Eastern and Western societies for thousands of years. It has been reported that @entity13439 (GA), an aglycone @entity3857 extracted from licorice root, exerts protective effects on the cardiovascular system, limits @entity1188 sizes and protects against the development of @entity943 . However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of @entity13439 on the cardiovascular system remain poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of GA against lethal @entity943 induced via @entity63 -reperfusion in @entity35 hearts, and to examine its electropharmacological properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anesthetized @entity35 were divided into control (CTL), GA5, GA10, and GA20 groups. GA was administered intravenously 15 min before the occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery, at dosages of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, respectively. Single ventricular myocytes were isolated using enzymolysis. The whole-cell patch clamp technique was utilized to record Ica, L, Ito and action potentials (APs). RESULTS: During reperfusion, the incidence of @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) was decreased in each of the groups compared with the CTL group (p<0.05). The @entity1165 ( @entity1165 )/ @entity2224 score was significantly decreased in the GA20 group. @entity2045 ( @entity2045 ) were prolonged by GA; both L-type @entity460 current (Ica-L) and transient outward @entity972 current (Ito) were blocked in a concentration-dependent manner by GA. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that GA attenuates both the susceptibility to and the incidence of fatal @entity943 during reperfusion in @entity35 hearts via the prolongation of the APD and the inhibition of both Ica-L and Ito. GA appears to be a promising antiarrhythmic agent in the setting of @entity63 /reperfusion.

title: @entity13439 protects the heart from @entity63 /reperfusion injury by attenuating the susceptibility and incidence of fatal XXXX during the reperfusion period in the @entity35 hearts.

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['many diseases']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['APDs', 'Action potential durations']

entities_list: @entity13439 :: ('MESH:D006034', 'Chemical') :: ['glycyrrhetinic acid']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation', 'VF']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia', 'cardiac arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['ventricular arrhythmia']