abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the influence of concomitant @entity1499 ( @entity6822 ) with adalimumab (ADA) on outcomes in @entity1 with @entity5144 ( @entity5144 ) using data from an observational study of ADA. METHODS: Data from a German noninterventional study of @entity1 with @entity5144 starting treatment with ADA were analyzed retrospectively for effects of concomitant @entity6822 on key outcomes, including Disease Activity Score-28 joints, tender and swollen joint counts, skin assessments, and safety. @entity1 were categorized into those with symptoms of axial involvement and those with no symptoms of axial involvement as judged by the examining clinician. RESULTS: A total of 1455 @entity1 met the study criteria, 296 with axial involvement (ADA monotherapy = 165; plus @entity6822 = 131) and 1159 with no axial involvement (ADA monotherapy = 658; plus @entity6822 = 501). ADA, alone or combined with @entity6822 , resulted in strong and comparable reductions in disease activity measures in @entity1 with and those without @entity66 over 24 months of therapy. In multiple regression analyses, concomitant @entity6822 did not affect joint or skin outcomes in either the group with axial manifestations or the group without @entity66 . Neither adverse event rates nor withdrawal rates were significantly influenced by concomitant @entity6822 . CONCLUSION: ADA is an effective treatment option for @entity1 with @entity5144 with or without axial involvement. Compared with ADA monotherapy, the use of concomitant @entity6822 with ADA does not improve articular or skin outcomes in @entity1 with @entity5144 regardless of axial symptoms. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01111240.

title: Does Concomitant @entity1499 with Adalimumab Influence Treatment Outcomes in XXXX with @entity5144 ? Data from a Large Observational Study.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['axial disease']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['PsA', 'psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical outcome of @entity1 with @entity1358 with @entity75 was analyzed. METHODS: Nine @entity1 (median age, 60 years) with primary @entity1358 and distant @entity3 , including @entity75 , were treated. The median time to the development of @entity75 was 15 months after the initial visit. @entity1 with poor performance @entity159 or progressive disease were treated with interferon or conservative therapy alone. @entity1 with good performance @entity159 and other well-controlled metastatic foci were treated either with radiotherapy, or by tumorectomy of @entity75 , or both. The median follow-up was 26 months after the initial visit. RESULTS: The 1-year, cause-specific survival rate was 17%. Of the 5 @entity1 treated with alpha-interferon alone, all died of disease after the treatments, without improvement of performance @entity159 , 1 to 4 months after the diagnosis of @entity75 . Two of 4 @entity1 who underwent radiotherapy were treated with a combination of gamma-knife and tumorectomy of @entity75 . They remained alive 10 and 22 months after diagnosis of @entity75 . The 2 @entity1 who underwent the combination treatment of gamma-knife and tumorectomy showed improvement of their performance @entity159 after these treatments for @entity75 . CONCLUSION: Brain @entity3 is an unfavorable prognostic factor in @entity1358 . Although a larger number of @entity1 would be necessary to demonstrate the definitive effects of gamma-knife treatment, our results suggest that the combination of gamma-knife and tumorectomy of brain metastases may be recommended for selected @entity1 with good performance @entity159 and other well-controlled metastatic foci.

title: Clinical study of XXXX with @entity75 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) transplantation proves successful in treating @entity8 and injury in many studies. However, their reparative capacity is limited by the poor homing ability in vivo, which is decided mainly by the local expression of chemoattractants. Our study explored the mechanical effects of @entity2835 ( @entity2835 ) on BMSCs homing ability in treated kidney tissues. METHODS: @entity35 were injected with red fluorescent protein (RFP)-labelled BMSCs and sonicated with microbubble-mediated ultrasound. Then, we tested kidney micro-environment changes induced and their influence on stem cell homing ability. RESULTS: The results showed that the mechanical effects of @entity2835 would increase local and transient levels of chemoattractants (i.e. cytokines, integrins and growth factors) in targeted kidney tissues. Transmission electron microscopy showed that vascular endothelial cell was discontinuous in the @entity2835 group post-treatment, becoming smooth 72  h later. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and RT-PCR showed up to eight times more stem cells in the peritubular regions of experimental kidneys on days 1 and 3 post-treatment compared with the contralateral kidney. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirmed that renal micro-environment changes caused by appropriate @entity2835 may promote BMSC homing ability toward treated kidney tissues without @entity8 and cell damage. KEY POINTS:     This experiment showed a feasible strategy in promoting stem cell homing ability.     The treatment uses diagnostic ultrasound during enhancement with IV microbubbles.     A suitable micro-environment was important for targeted stem cell homing and retention.     The method is effective for stem cell homing to @entity8 .     More work is required with larger animals before potential @entity1 trials.

title: Effects of diagnostic ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction on the homing ability of bone marrow stromal cells to the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction', 'UTMD']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney diseases', 'renal toxicity', 'kidney disease']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['kidney parenchyma']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility and usefulness of the International Classification of @entity2794 , third edition, beta version (ICHD-3b), and compare the differences with the International Classification of @entity2794 , second edition (ICHD-2). Consecutive first-visit @entity1 were recruited from 11 @entity10 clinics in Korea. @entity10 classification was performed in accordance with ICHD-3b. The characteristics of @entity10 were analyzed and the feasibility and usefulness of this version was assessed by the proportion of unclassified @entity2794 compared with ICHD-2. A total of 1,627 @entity1 were enrolled (mean age, 47.4  14.7 yr; 62.8% female). Classification by ICHD-3b was achieved in 97.8% of @entity10 @entity1 , whereas 90.0% could be classified by ICHD-2. Primary @entity10 (n=1,429, 87.8%) were classified as follows: 697 @entity2704 , 445 @entity2701 , 22 @entity2686 , and 265 other @entity12967 . Secondary @entity10 or @entity10 /other facial @entity158 were diagnosed in 163 @entity1 (10.0%). Only 2.2% were not classified by ICHD-3b. The main reasons for missing classifications were insufficient information (1.6%) or absence of suitable classification (0.6%). The diagnoses differed from those using ICHD-2 in 243 @entity1 (14.9%). Among them, 165 @entity1 were newly classified from unclassified with ICHD-2 because of the relaxation of the previous strict criteria or the introduction of a new diagnostic category. ICHD-3b would yield a higher classification rate than its previous version, ICHD-2. ICHD-3b is applicable in clinical practice for first-visit @entity10 @entity1 of a referral hospital.

title: Comprehensive Application of the International Classification of XXXX Third Edition, Beta Version.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity12967 :: ('MESH:D051270', 'Disease') :: ['primary headache disorders']

entities_list: @entity2686 :: ('MESH:D003027', 'Disease') :: ['cluster headaches']

entities_list: @entity2704 :: ('MESH:D008881', 'Disease') :: ['migraines']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['Headache Disorders', 'headache disorders']

entities_list: @entity2701 :: ('MESH:D018781', 'Disease') :: ['tension-type headaches']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['painful cranial neuropathies', 'headache', 'headaches', 'Headache']

answer: @entity2794 :: (MESH:D020773,Disease) :: ['Headache Disorders']


abstract: The rapid progress in molecular biology has allowed the identification of the genes involved in different functions of normal cells and has also improved our understanding of the mechanisms of @entity1 @entity105 . The @entity1082 ) is a small double-stranded DNA tumor virus and its genes can manipulate cell cycle control to promote viral persistence and replication. The E6 and E7 proteins of high-risk HPV bind to cell cycle regulatory proteins and interfere with both G1/S and G2/M cell cycle checkpoints much more effectively than the low-risk HPV. The difference between the ability of low and high-risk HPV types to induce immortalization and transformation may well lie in their abilities to interact with the various cell cycle components, resulting in the loss of multiple cell cycle checkpoints, which are important in host genome fidelity, thus potentially resulting in accumulation of @entity74 . @entity5 is one of the leading @entity5 in @entity1 worldwide, with substantial morbidity and mortality. According to current concepts, HPV is recognized as the single most important causal agent in the pathogenesis of this @entity5 . @entity1083 clearly precedes the development of @entity5 , while being regularly associated with @entity5 precursor lesions (all grades of @entity2784 ). HPV-infected low-grade @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ) has three possible outcomes: a) it may regress; b) it can persist; or c) it can make a clinical progression to in situ or @entity189 . It has been well established by prospective cohort studies that the spontaneous regression rate increases in parallel with follow-up duration. In contrast, the clinical progression of lesions usually takes place quite rapidly, i.e. during the first two years from diagnosis. The mechanisms responsible for this divergent clinical behavior of HPV-associated @entity2784 are largely unknown, but currently under intense study in different laboratories worldwide.

title: Regulation of cell cycles is of key importance in @entity1082 )-associated cervical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cervical cancer', 'malignancies', 'malignancy', 'Cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['squamous intraepithelial lesion', 'SIL', 'squamous intraepithelial lesions']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['carcinogenesis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity715 ( @entity715 ) is a frequent complication of @entity1575 , but it can also occur as a primary @entity455 amid @entity409 . Extrahepatic @entity6315 (EHPVO) refers to the obstruction of the extrahepatic portal vein with or without involvement of the intrahepatic portal vein branches, splenic and/or superior mesenteric vein. It is a distinct disorder that excludes @entity715 occurring in concurrence with @entity1575 or @entity157 . The term "EHPVO" implies chronicity and is principally reserved for a long-standing condition characterized by cavernous transformation of the portal vein. The most characteristic imaging manifestation is the formation of portoportal collaterals (via the venous plexi of Petren and Saint) that allow hepatopetal flow. However, this collateral circulation is insufficient resulting in clinically significant pre-hepatic portal @entity101 , wherein the liver function and structure remain preserved until late. Although the long-term (more than 10   years) survival with controlled variceal bleeding is up to 100%, affected individuals have an impaired quality of life owing to portal cavernoma cholangiopathy, @entity6118 , @entity149 and @entity851 . Imaging diagnosis is not always straightforward as the collaterals can also present as a @entity5 -like solid mass that can be inadvertently biopsied. Moreover, EHPVO has its implications for the biliary tree, arterial circulation, liver/splenic volumes and stiffness, which merit proper understanding but have not been so well described in literature. In this review, we present the complete spectrum of the vascular, biliary and visceral changes with a particular emphasis on what our medical/surgical hepatology colleagues need to know from us in the pre-operative and post-operative settings.

title: Multimodality imaging of primary extrahepatic XXXX (EHPVO): what every radiologist should know.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disorder']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['absent liver disease']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['neurocognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6118 :: ('MESH:D006971', 'Disease') :: ['hypersplenism']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['Portal vein thrombosis', 'PVT']

entities_list: @entity6315 :: ('MESH:C563407', 'Disease') :: ['portal vein obstruction']

answer: @entity6315 :: (MESH:C563407,Disease) :: ['portal vein obstruction']


abstract: @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is a common disorder with numerous potential sequelae. Although the majority of these consequences can be reduced with appropriate treatment, only limited data exist regarding the natural @entity74 in untreated individuals. We hereby report a long-term follow-up of all untreated @entity1 (n = 40) followed-up in the Technion Sleep Clinic, using both subjective and objective measurements. In addition, we report a long-term follow-up of 11 @entity1 who attempted dietary @entity353 . The average time interval between the first and second polysomnographies for the untreated group was 5.0 +/- 2.8 yrs, and 2.5 +/- 2.3 yrs for the weight reduction group. There was no significant change in Body Mass Index (BMI) or @entity1576 ( @entity1576 ) between the two Polysomnographic (PSG) evaluations in the untreated @entity1 . However, eight @entity1 developed @entity101 (n=5) or @entity299 ( @entity299 ) (n=3) between the two evaluations. @entity1576 , age and BMI at the time ofthe initial evaluation were not predictive of changes in @entity1576 , snoring intensity or minimal @entity26 saturation. However, the @entity1 who developed @entity101 / @entity299 had significantly higher @entity1576 than the @entity1 who did not (46 +/- 27 vs. 23 +/- 17 h(-1), P < 0.005). In the weight-loss group, BMI decreased by a mean of 3.1 kg m(-2), and @entity1576 decreased by 20events h(-1), P<0.05 for both. There was a significant correlation between the @entity353 and improvement in @entity1576 (R = 0.75, P = 0.005). We conclude that in @entity27 @entity1 @entity1576 does not necessarily increase over time, but associated @entity101 or @entity299 may develop. When @entity353 is successfully achieved, @entity25 significantly improves with a high correlation between the extent of @entity353 and the improvement in apnoea status.

title: Long-term follow-up of untreated XXXX with @entity25 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['untreated obstructive sleep apnoea', 'Obstructive sleep apnoea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['RDI', 'Respiratory Disturbance Index']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progression ofthis disorder']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease', 'IHD']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnoea']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The postprandial situation is a pro-inflammatory condition most likely linked to the development of @entity731 . We evaluated the relationship between apolipoprotein (apo) B48 and fasting and postprandial leukocyte activation markers. METHODS: Leukocyte activation markers and apo B48 were determined in 80 subjects with and without @entity453 ( @entity453 ). Twelve healthy subjects underwent an oral fat loading test (up to 8  h). RESULTS: Fasting apo B48 was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity453 (n  =  47, 8.1      5.2  mg/L) than in subjects without @entity453 (n  =  33, 5.9      3.9  mg/L, p  =  0.022). Fasting apo B48 and @entity1674 correlated positively with fasting monocyte @entity9536 and neutrophil @entity7406 expression. Plasma apo B48 and leukocyte activation markers increased after an oral fat load. No correlations were found between fasting or postprandial @entity1674 and postprandial leukocyte activation markers. We observed no correlations between postprandial apo B48 and postprandial neutrophil @entity9536 or @entity7406 expression. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that chylomicron remnants may be responsible for postprandial leukocyte activation in the circulation. The postprandial chylomicron response may be a stronger mediator of postprandial @entity32 than postprandial triglyceridemia.

title: In  vivo evidence for chylomicrons as mediators of postprandial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: Slight differences in the results of papers describing lymphocyte subsets distribution in the peripheral blood of healthy @entity235 may be explained by differences in monoclonal antibody clones and sources, breed and age of animals examined, methods of sample treatment, or methods of result analysis. In this paper, we described the effect of sample processing and of sample storage as well as the effect of age, breed, and gender of @entity235 on lymphocyte subset distribution. No significant differences were found between samples processed following a whole-blood lysis method and samples processed after density gradient separation. Furthermore, no significant differences were found between samples processed within 2h after collection and those stored at 4 degrees C for 12-16 h before processing. Age-related changes were evident in lymphocyte subset distribution in the peripheral blood of 38 Beagles divided according to their age into the six groups: (1) 5-6 days; (2) 2 months; (3) 6 months; (4) 1-2 years; (5) 3-5 years; and (6) >5 years. The percentage of B-lymphocytes (CD21-like positive cells) in the peripheral blood of newborn pups was 39.5+/-5.7 and decreased with advancing age. The percentage of CD8+ lymphocytes was 7.7+/-3.4 after birth and increased with advancing age. No age-related changes were observed in the percentages of @entity32832 + lymphocytes. The @entity32832 +:CD8+ ratio decreased with advancing age. No significant age-related change was observed for lymphocytes bearing the gammadelta-TCR. Some breed differences were evident. Adult (1-5-year-old) Beagles, German Shepherds, Dalmatians, and Dachshunds were examined. The percentages of lymphocytes were higher in Beagles and Dachshunds than in Dalmatians and German Shepherds. The highest and the lowest absolute lymphocyte counts were found in Beagles and German Shepherds, respectively. As a consequence, German Shepherds showed the lowest absolute counts of the individual lymphocyte subpopulations and the widest neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio. Dalmatians showed the lowest percentage of CD3+ cells, the highest percentage of CD21+ cells, and the lowest @entity32832 +:CD8+ ratio. German Shepherds showed the lowest percentage of CD21+ cells and the highest @entity32832 +:CD8+ ratio. Females in Beagles and Dachshuns had nonsignificantly higher percentages of total lymphocytes, CD3+, @entity32832 +, and nonsignificantly lower percentages of CD21+ lymphocytes. We concluded that there are age-, breed-, and perhaps also gender-related differences in lymphocyte subset distribution in the peripheral blood of @entity235 . Therefore, there is need to use appropriate control group in the experimental protocols. Among-breed differences could explain, at least partly, breed predisposition for some diseases.

title: Lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of XXXX --a flow cytometric study.

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: AIMS: Loss of cardiac muscle by programmed cell @entity204 contributes to the progression of @entity741 . @entity519 , metabolite waste buildup and energy depletion are components of @entity63 which may initiate caspase dependent and independent cell @entity204 pathways. Previous work from our laboratory has shown that combined @entity519 with @entity520 , a hallmark of @entity63 promotes @entity299 with increasing severity as the pH declines. @entity519 - @entity520 was demonstrated to activate the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein @entity34714 which initiated opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and cell @entity204 in the absence of caspase activation. Because calpains are known to contribute to @entity63 @entity296 in some models, we hypothesized that they are intermediates in the @entity34714 -mediated @entity204 caused by @entity519 - @entity520 . MAIN METHODS: Neonatal @entity35 cardiac myocytes were subjected to @entity519 with and without @entity520 and the contribution of calpains to @entity519 - @entity520 cell @entity204 determined. KEY FINDINGS: Here we report that the @entity204 pathway activated by @entity519 - @entity520 is driven by a combination of @entity460 -activated calpains and pro- @entity204 factors (DNases) secreted by the mitochondria. Cytochrome c accumulated in the cytoplasm during @entity519 - @entity520 but caspase activity was repressed through a calpain-dependent process that prevents the cleavage of procaspase 3. Calpain inhibitors provide vigorous protection against @entity519 - @entity520 -induced programmed @entity204 . Knockdown of @entity34714 with siRNA prevented calpain activation confirming a central role of @entity34714 in this pathway. SIGNIFICANCE: The results implicate @entity34714 and calpain as dependent components of @entity204 caused by @entity519 - @entity520 .

title: XXXX promotes @entity460 and @entity204 .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial damage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac myocyte injury']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'cardiac myocyte death']

answer: @entity34714 :: (84480(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['BNIP3']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous morphology and diffusion-imaging studies have suggested that structural changes in white matter is an important part of the pathophysiology of @entity3119 ( @entity3119 ). However, different methodological approaches and the heterogeneity of @entity1 samples question the validity of the findings. Materials and methods In total, 30 @entity1 were matched for age and sex with 30 healthy controls. All @entity1 underwent T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging and T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery. Voxel-based morphometry and tract-based spatial statistics were used to compare white matter volumes and diffusion tensor imaging between groups. These data were analysed correcting for the effects of multiple comparisons, age, sex, severity and duration of illness as nuisance covariates. @entity62 were manually identified. RESULTS: Increase in fractional anisotropy in cerebellum was the most prominent result. A decrease in fractional anisotrophy in @entity1 comparable with previous studies was located in forceps minor. There were no differences in the white matter morphology or in the @entity62 between @entity1 and healthy controls. CONCLUSION: Decrease in fractional anisotrophy in forceps minor and increase in cerebellum were found, and they were not due to neither @entity62 nor morphology of the white matter. @entity76 could be an important part of @entity3119 pathophysiology.

title: Increased fractional anisotropy in cerebellum in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder', 'OCD']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebellar hyperconnectivity']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['White matter hyperintensities', 'white matter hyperintensities']

answer: @entity3119 :: (MESH:D009771,Disease) :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder']


abstract: In @entity375 , mating pheromones induce @entity1167 through the activation of two MAP kinases, Fus3 and @entity5677 . Here we report the isolation of three mutants, far4, far5, and far6, that have the novel phenotype of regulating both the activity of Fus3 and @entity5677 and the accumulation of glycogen. A far4 mutation constitutively activates Fus3 and @entity5677 , reduces glycogen, and blocks @entity1167 in the presence of alpha factor. In contrast, far5 and far6 mutations increase glycogen and reduce activation of Fus3 and @entity5677 by @entity5681 . far4, far5, and far6 are recessive and not allelic to @entity46887 , @entity70170 , or 14 genes known to regulate the pheromone response. Non-allelic noncomplementation occurs between far6 and both far4 and far5, suggesting that FAR6 functionally interacts with FAR4 and FAR5. Additional observations suggest that FAR4 has functional overlap with @entity70170 , which we also find to regulate glycogen accumulation. Our results suggest that the activation of the mating MAPK cascade and subsequent @entity1167 is influenced by a signal transduction pathway that regulates glycogen. In support of this possibility, we find that Fus3 is activated to a greater extent in a "wimp" strain with defective protein kinase A. Finally, @entity26060 and @entity21022 have been identified as CEN suppressors of far5, suggesting that the microtubule apparatus may regulate the ability of the pheromone response pathway to promote @entity1167 .

title: far4, far5, and far6 define three genes required for efficient activation of MAPKs Fus3 and XXXX and accumulation of glycogen.

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity5681 :: ('CHEBI:26013', 'Chemical') :: ['pheromone']

answer: @entity5677 :: (852931(Tax:4932),Gene) :: ['Kss1']


abstract: A @entity1707 model was developed to investigate the efficacy of percutaneous venous catheters with anti-microbial coatings. The catheters used in the study consisted of @entity575 -coated and uncoated catheters, both designed for percutaneous venous access. Five commercial @entity1707 were each implanted with three venous catheters and followed for a period of 90 days. Two of the three catheters were coated and one was uncoated. To evaluate the percutaneous aspects of the catheters in the model, two venous access catheters were implanted percutaneously, parallel to the dorsal midline. These catheters were just caudal to the region that is dorsal to the scapula in each animal. In each case, the catheter to the left of the dorsal midline was @entity575 -coated while the catheter to the right of the dorsal midline was uncoated. A @entity575 -coated catheter was also implanted in the left external jugular vein of each animal and buried subcutaneously in order to evaluate the elution of the coating through the body under venous contact. Over the 90 day period, the concentration of @entity575 in the blood rose to a mean peak level of 23.2 ppb following implantation of the catheters and then decreased after the second post-surgery week. The histological evaluation and macroscopic inspection at necropsy revealed minimal tissue response to both coated and uncoated materials. Data on bacterial growth indicated that bacteria were present at the terminal subcutaneous end of two of the uncoated percutaneous catheters. Based upon serum @entity575 levels, exudate formation, histological examination, and bacterial growth information, the @entity1707 model was deemed to be suitable for testing the efficacy of catheters containing anti-microbial coatings.

title: A XXXX model for the evaluation of efficacy of anti-microbial catheter coatings.

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: PURPOSE: In 2002 the American Joint Committee on Cancer revised the TNM staging system, introducing subclassification for T1 @entity5 , and @entity50 in categories T3a and T3b, respectively. Since @entity703 represents the most common site of extrarenal extension, the relationship between size, and @entity703 and its effect on the T classification was examined in prospective fashion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 175 @entity1358 were examined in prospective fashion with careful evaluation for @entity703 . A minimum of 5 @entity703 interface were examined. @entity5 were staged using the 2002 TNM formulation. RESULTS: The distribution of @entity5 types was @entity1358 (CC) in 120 cases, @entity1358 in 30, @entity1358 in 13. T classifications correlated with @entity5 type. Only 3 of 30 @entity1358 (10%) and 2 of 9 chromophobe @entity1358 (16.6%) demonstrated extrarenal extension compared with 59 of 120 CCs (49%) (p <0.01). @entity703 occurred more often than capsule invasion (49% vs 20%, p <0.01). No @entity5 invaded the capsule that did not also invade the sinus. Compared with 1.1 to 4 cm CCs, of which 85% were renal limited, only 32% of CCs that were 4.1 to 7 cm (p <0.01) and 3% of those larger than 7 cm were renal limited, that is T1b and T2, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity703 increases sharply after @entity5 exceed 4 cm. T1b CC is uncommon and T2 CC is rare if careful evaluation for sinus invasion is performed.

title: T2 XXXX is a rare entity: a study of 120 @entity1358 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinomas', 'papillary renal cell carcinoma', 'chromophobe renal cell carcinoma in 12 and miscellaneous other carcinomas', 'papillary renal cell carcinomas', 'clear cell renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['invasion of renal sinus fat and sinus veins']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['blocks of the renal sinus-tumor', 'Renal sinus invasion', 'renal sinus invasion']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['clear cell renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The incidence of early deep @entity281 after arthroplasty of the knee is very low but could represent a serious future problem. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The authors report on a 71-year-old @entity1 with gonarthritis who was supplied with a total knee endoprosthesis and developed a @entity281 followed by @entity326 . RESULTS: The @entity281 was evidently caused by a multiresistant @entity794 (Staph. aureus). The primary clinical signs closely resembled a necrotizing @entity9156 . Systemic and local application of @entity2176 led to an improvement of the symptoms at secondary sites, but only the amputation of the primarily infected leg was lifesaving. CONCLUSION: In order to prevent such events, the authors recommend a number of additional presurgical measures. Firstly, a swab from the nose and throat should be taken prior to an elective surgery in @entity1 with elevated risk of @entity465 , for example in @entity1 with @entity6 . The @entity6 should be adequately treated before an elective operation is undertaken. Secondly, an early punction of the knee joint should be carried out if there is any doubt regarding inflammation. Isolated infectious agents should be grounds for early revision, which should always be completed with a rinsing procedure and with adequate antibiotics. Immunotherapy should be taken into consideration. Antiepidemic measures are recommended in cases with known Staph. aureus.

title: Overwhelming XXXX with a multi-resistant @entity794 ( @entity794 ) after total knee replacement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['local infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity9156 :: ('MESH:D005208', 'Disease') :: ['fasciitis']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['septic infection']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objective of this study was to provide further insights into the prognostic role of female sex in @entity320 . The prognostic effect of sex in a population-based case series of 3900 @entity320 in central Italy has been evaluated considering the possible confounding role of many demographic and clinical variables (age, period of diagnosis, @entity121 , Clark level, ulceration, lymph node status, @entity3 , histological type, skin site, and pathological T and N). Multiple imputations, according to chained equations, have been used for imputing incomplete values. A Cox proportional hazards model on the risk of @entity204 caused by @entity320 was fitted. Univariate and multivariate effects of sex and of other variables were computed. The 5-year cause-specific survival was 87% (95% confidence interval: 86-89%) for @entity1 and 80% (78-82%) for @entity1 . @entity1 had higher rates at any time since diagnosis. After adjustment for other confounders, @entity1 had a 34% reduced risk compared with @entity1 of dying from @entity320 (hazard ratio=0.66, 95% confidence interval: 0.56-0.79). The present study confirmed a strong protective effect of female sex on @entity320 mortality. The protective factor is still unknown.

title: XXXX survival: sex does matter, but we do not know how.

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ["Breslow's thickness"]

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'skin melanomas', 'skin melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) are acknowledged as a novel marker of oxidation-mediated protein damage. This study aimed to investigate the plasma levels of AOPPs in postmenopausal osteoporotic @entity1 , and to determine the relationship between AOPPs accumulation and lumbar @entity79 ( @entity79 ) or bone turnover markers. MATERIAL AND METHODS Lumbar @entity79 was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Plasma AOPPs levels as a marker of protein oxidation damage and @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) levels as a marker of lipid peroxidation were measured by spectrophotometry. The concentrations of 2 specific markers of bone turnover, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and @entity5272 -resistant acid phosphatase5b, (TRACP 5b) were quantified using ELISA kits. RESULTS We recruited 60 postmenopausal @entity1 meeting @entity170 ( @entity170 ) diagnostic criteria of World Health Organization (WHO) and 60 postmenopausal @entity1 without @entity170 . Plasma levels of AOPPs (P<0.001), BALP (P<0.001) and TRACP 5b (P<0.001) were statistically significantly increased in the postmenopausal osteoporotic @entity1 compared with controls, but there was no statistically significant difference in @entity1865 (P=0.124) between the 2 groups. Plasma AOPPs levels were negatively correlated with lumbar @entity79 and positively correlated with bone turnover markers both in postmenopausal osteoporotic @entity1 and in all subjects. However, plasma @entity1865 levels were not correlated with lumbar @entity79 or bone turnover markers. CONCLUSIONS In postmenopausal osteoporotic @entity1 elevated AOPPs is associated with reduced @entity79 and @entity79 markers. Because AOPPs is stable and easy to detect it may be used as a simple plasma marker to predict the severity of postmenopausal @entity170 .

title: Advanced Oxidation Protein Products as a Novel Marker of Oxidative Stress in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5272 :: ('MESH:C029768', 'Chemical') :: ['tartrate']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['OP', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral destiny', 'BMD', 'increased bone turnover']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['Postmenopausal Osteoporosis']


abstract: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: @entity2211 is associated with @entity1162 , predisposing to the development of @entity943 . In 2014, The Medicines and Healthcare Regulatory Agency (MHRA) recommended restricting its use. We assessed whether these recommendations have been implemented in a general practice. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a prospective study using the general practitioner (GP) computer database on @entity1 who had at least one repeat prescription for @entity2211 in 12   months. Data were presented to the doctors and the survey was repeated 7   months later. RESULTS: Sixty-four @entity1 (mean age 61.3  16.4   years) were identified who had received at least one repeat prescription of @entity2211 . Twenty @entity1 were being prescribed over the recommended daily dose. Nineteen @entity1 were coprescribed medications known to prolong the QTc interval and two CYP3A4 inhibitors. The repeat survey performed 7   months later demonstrated a 70% reduction in the number of @entity1 prescribed @entity2211 to a total of 19 (three @entity1 prescribed above the recommended dose) none of which had a history of @entity299 or were being coprescribed drugs known to prolong the QTc interval. CONCLUSIONS: Following the publication of the MHRA recommendations and presentation of our initial survey, there has been a significant reduction in the number of @entity1 treated with @entity2211 and those coprescribed drugs known to prolong the QTc interval. We suggest that regular review of GP practice database should be performed to identify those @entity1 prescribed @entity2211 and at risk of life-threatening @entity943 and measures taken to use alternative pharmacological agents.

title: Survey of the use of @entity2211 and the association with XXXX in general practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2211 :: ('MESH:D004294', 'Chemical') :: ['domperidone', 'Domperidone']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['QTc prolongation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1162 :: (MESH:D008133,Disease) :: ['QTc prolongation']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review trends in the use of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in the modern era for N0-N1 margin-negative @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) following surgical resection and evaluate the association between PORT dose and overall survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of nonmetastatic stage II and III N0-N1 margin-negative @entity1149 surgically treated @entity1 within the National Cancer Data Base from 2003 to 2011. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed for multivariable analyses of overall survival and PORT dose. Radiation modalities included nonconformal beam radiation, 3-dimensional conformal radiation (3D-CRT), and intensity-modulated radiation therapy. RESULTS: We identified 2167 (6.7%) and 30,269 (93.3%) @entity1 with surgically resected stage II or III N0-N1 margin-negative @entity1149 who were treated with and without PORT, respectively. The proportion of @entity1 treated with PORT (dose range, 45 to 74 Gy) decreased from 8.9% in 2003 to 2006 to 4.1% in 2010 to 2011. Among @entity1 receiving PORT, the use of high-dose (60 to 74 Gy) PORT rose throughout the study period, starting at 34.8% in 2003 to 2006 and rising to 49.3% in 2010 to 2011.Overall, @entity1 who received PORT had worse survival (hazards ratio=1.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.20-1.40) compared with those not receiving PORT. This association was unchanged when limited to @entity1 receiving modern treatment with 3-CRT or intensity-modulated radiation therapy (hazards ratio=1.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-1.65). CONCLUSIONS: The use of PORT for N0-N1 margin-negative @entity1149 decreased from 2003 to 2011. We found no evidence of benefit from PORT for resected N0-N1 margin-negative @entity1149 , regardless of dose or technique. PORT should be approached with caution in this group of @entity1 , regardless of radiotherapy technique.

title: Association Between Radiation Dose and Outcomes With Postoperative Radiotherapy for N0-N1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer', 'NSCLC']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In China, the @entity1544 is the most common @entity5 type, and Mckeown esophagectomy (ME) is preferably adopted by thoracic surgeon. But, the surgical @entity130 of ME is great. Thoracolaparoscopic esophagectomy (TE) was developed to decrease the operative stress; however, the safety and efficacy were not defined. In this study, clinical outcomes were compared between @entity1 who received ME and TE. METHODS: The data of 113 @entity1 who suffered from @entity418 during the same period were collected. Sixty-two @entity1 received ME (ME group), and 51 @entity1 received TE (TE group). @entity1 ' demographics and short-term clinicopathologic outcomes were comparable between the two groups. Survival rate was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and comparisons between groups were performed with log-rank test. RESULTS: @entity1 in TE group had lower body mass index (BMI). @entity5 stage in TE group was much earlier. Both overall and thoracic operation time were longer in TE group. The @entity190 during operation and postoperative day ( @entity773 was less in TE group, which contributed to the less blood transfusion. In TE group, postoperative incidence of @entity358 and @entity955 (p   =   0.035 and p   =   0.033) was lower; the inflammatory response and incision @entity158 were significantly alleviated; the ICU and in-hospital stay was shorter as well because of less surgical @entity130 . No statistically significant difference was found between two groups in terms of overall survival or disease-free survival. CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy and safety of TE were supported by the selected @entity1 in this cohort study. Although it is lack of randomness in this research, some advantages of TE were gratifying such as @entity260 and similar survival with ME. A multicenter prospective randomized study is now required.

title: Comparison of thoracolaparoscopic esophagectomy with cervical anastomosis with McKeown esophagectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Preoperative tumor']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['lower postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['middle esophageal squamous cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['middle-thoracic esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['middle esophageal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether @entity130 @entity1 should be transferred initially to a @entity130 center or local hospital. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the evidence for direct transport to specialist centers (SCs) versus initial stabilization at non-SCs (NSCs) for major @entity130 or moderate-to-severe @entity542 . Nine databases were searched from 1988 to 2012. Limitations in the study design informed recommendations for future studies. RESULTS: Of 19 major @entity130 studies, five (n = 19,910) included @entity1 not transferred to SCs and adjusted for case mix. Meta-analysis showed no difference in mortality for initial triage to NSCs versus SCs (odds ratio [OR] 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85-1.23). Within studies excluding @entity1 not transferred to SCs, unadjusted analyses of mortality nonsignificantly favored transfer via NSCs (16 studies; n = 37,079; OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.68-1.01), whereas adjusted analysis nonsignificantly favored direct triage to SCs (9 studies; n = 34,266; OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.96-1.44). Of 11 @entity542 studies, all excluded @entity1 not transferred to SCs and half were in remote locations. There was no significant mortality difference between initial triage to NSCs versus SCs within adjusted analyses (3 studies; n = 1,507; OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.31-1.79) or unadjusted analyses (10 studies; n = 3,671; OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.62-1.23). CONCLUSION: This systematic review demonstrated no difference in outcomes for direct transport to a @entity130 center versus initial triage to a local hospital. Many studies had significant limitations in the design, and heterogeneity was high. Recommendations for future studies include the following: (i) inclusion of @entity1 not transferred to SCs and those dying during transport; (ii) clear description of centers plus transport distances/times; (iii) adjustments for case mix; and (iv) assessment of morbidity and mortality. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Systematic review, level IV.

title: Impact of prehospital transfer strategies in major @entity130 and XXXX : Systematic review, meta-analysis, and recommendations for study design.

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Subjective visual vertical ( @entity6355 ) is a vestibular test commonly used in adults that has not been well studied in @entity1 . In this test, the @entity1 aligns a projected line with the perceived true vertical. Deviation of >2   is usually associated with @entity409 and may also be seen with central @entity394 . The goal of this study was to determine the efficacy of @entity6355 in @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, controlled study. METHODS: Thirty-three @entity1 aged 7 to 18 years with (n   =   21) and without (n   =   12) dizziness underwent static @entity6355 . History, exam, rotary chair, and caloric testing were used to categorize subjects with dizziness into groups with peripheral vestibular loss (PVL), benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo (BPPV), central vertigo (CV), and nonvestibular dizziness (NVD). RESULTS: Mean @entity6355 deviation was significantly higher in the peripheral vestibular loss group (n   =   4; 2.1        1.5) compared to BPPV (n   =   5; 0.5        0.3), CV (n   =   7; 0.4        0.3), NVD (n   =   5; 0.6        0.4), and control (n   =   12; 0.7        0.5) groups by one-way analysis of variance (P   =   .002). @entity6355 deviation >2   demonstrated a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 75%, positive predictive value of 100%, and negative predictive value of 97% for PVL. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6355 is a simple, noninvasive test that provides a valuable contribution to the assessment of peripheral vestibular function in @entity1 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3b Laryngoscope, 2015.

title: Subjective visual vertical testing in XXXX and adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular lesions']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['utricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Many events occur concurrently during the initiation of the secondary ossification center in the cartilaginous epiphyses of long bones. We have investigated the chronology of interactions between the vascular system and epiphyseal chondrocytes by culturing explanted heads of femurs and humeri from pre- and neonatal @entity95 on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of growing @entity1573 embryos. We confirmed that, on the whole, the epiphyseal cartilage was resistant to vascular invasion, whereas the physeal growth plate was resorbed. However, new CAM-derived cartilage canals occasionally penetrated through the articular surface. This caused death of those chondrocytes in the immediate vicinity of the canal but no further reaction. If explants already contained a @entity2721 and were halved prior to culture, CAM-derived vessels were attracted to the spongiosa. From there they pushed into the uncalcified cartilage, indicating that calcification was not a prerequisite for vascular invasion. Where at least two vessels were in apposition, a new pseudo-ossification center was initiated: chondrocytes became @entity1184 and the matrix calcified. This suggests that cumulative release of diffusible factors from more than one vessel was the trigger for chondrocyte @entity1184 , which, in turn, led to the initiation of the @entity2721 . CAM cultures thus provide an experimental model for both the quiescent angiogenesis of cartilage canal formation and the reactionary angiogenesis associated with chondrocyte @entity1184 . By exploiting the different anatomy of CAM-derived vascularity, events that occur concurrently in vivo can be specially separated in CAM culture.

title: Initiation of the XXXX in long bones: chronology of interactions between the vascular system and the chondrocytes.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic', 'hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2721 :: ('MESH:D018213', 'Disease') :: ['bony epiphysis']

answer: @entity2721 :: (MESH:D018213,Disease) :: ['bony epiphysis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1468 (raised blood pressure and @entity644 ) complicates 2% to 8% of pregnancies, and raises morbidity and mortality in the mother and @entity1 . @entity1468 is more common in @entity1 with @entity2099 and in those who have conditions associated with @entity66 . METHODS AND OUTCOMES: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: what are the effects of preventive interventions in @entity1 at risk of @entity1468 ? What are the effects of interventions in @entity1 who develop mild to moderate @entity101 during pregnancy? What are the effects of interventions in @entity1 who develop severe @entity101 during pregnancy? What is the best choice of anticonvulsant for @entity1 with @entity3036 ? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to February 2010 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). RESULTS: We found 69 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions. CONCLUSIONS: In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: anticonvulsants, antihypertensive drugs, antioxidants, antiplatelet drugs, @entity2165 , bed rest, hospital admission, or day care, @entity460 supplementation, choice of @entity1337 during labour, early delivery (interventionist care), evening primrose oil, fish oil, @entity1242 , @entity1760 supplementation, plasma volume expansion, and salt restriction.

title: @entity1468 , @entity3036 , and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'pre-eclampsia or very high blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['glyceryl trinitrate']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity2099 :: ('MESH:D011254', 'Disease') :: ['multiple pregnancy']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['Pre-eclampsia', 'pre-eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The monoclonal antibody 3H1 mimics the external structure of the @entity10580 ( @entity10580 ). It therefore has the potential, via the anti-idiotypic network, to stimulate immune responses to @entity10580 that may benefit @entity14 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 630 @entity1 with previously untreated metastatic @entity14 were randomised in a 2:1 fashion to receive bolus @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and @entity4181 (LV) plus either 3H1 (n = 422) or placebo (n = 208). RESULTS: The addition of 3H1 to @entity1487 and LV did not result in increased @entity137 . Survival for the full intent-to-treat population was 14.7 months for the 3H1 arm and 15.2 months for the placebo arm (P = 0.80). Anti- @entity10580 antibody responses were observed in 70% of @entity1 treated with 3H1. @entity1 with a negative @entity10580 response had a median survival of 8.3 months (95% CI 7.5-11.0) compared with @entity1 with a strong response: median survival not reached (P <0.001). CONCLUSION: 3H1 is safe and effectively induces immune responses to @entity10580 . Addition of 3H1 to @entity1487 and LV was not shown to improve overall @entity1 outcomes. However, improved survival in patients developing anti- @entity10580 responses to 3H1 are provocative and should be studied in further clinical trials.

title: Phase III trial of @entity1487 and @entity4181 plus either 3H1 anti-idiotype monoclonal antibody or placebo in XXXX with advanced @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity10580 :: ('1048', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity308 or @entity148 co-occurs with @entity31 ( @entity31 ) or @entity30 ( @entity30 ) more often than expected by chance, and, if so, whether the @entity146 generally precede or follow the @entity29 ( @entity29 ). DESIGN: Nested case-control studies using a database of linked hospital record abstracts. SETTING: Southern England. MAIN RESULTS: Both @entity308 and @entity148 preceded @entity31 significantly more often than would be predicted from the control population's experience. The associations were strongest when the mental conditions were diagnosed shortly before @entity31 , although the association between @entity308 and @entity31 was also significant when @entity308 preceded @entity31 by five or more years. Neither @entity308 nor @entity148 occurred before @entity30 more often than expected by chance. However, @entity308 and @entity148 were significantly more common after @entity30 ; the associations were strongest in the year after the initial record of @entity30 . @entity31 was followed by @entity148 , but not by @entity308 , more often than expected by chance and, again, the association was strongest within one year of diagnosis with @entity31 . CONCLUSIONS: The concentration of risk of @entity308 or @entity148 one year or less before diagnosis with @entity31 suggests that the two @entity146 might be a consequence of early symptoms of the as yet undiagnosed @entity344 . The data are also, however, compatible with the hypothesis that the @entity146 could be aetiological factors in some @entity1 with @entity31 . Most of the excess @entity148 or @entity308 diagnosed subsequent to diagnosis of @entity29 occurs during the year after @entity29 is diagnosed and the probable explanation is that the @entity146 are sequelae of @entity29 .

title: XXXX and @entity148 in @entity1 with @entity29 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal condition']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective was to assess whether fluid balance had a determinant impact on mortality rate in a cohort of critically ill @entity1 with severe @entity295 or @entity326 . DESIGN: A prospective and observational study was carried out on an inception cohort. SETTING: The setting was an intensive care unit of a university hospital. @entity1 : @entity1 admitted consecutively in the intensive care unit who were diagnosed with severe @entity295 or @entity326 were included. INTERVENTIONS: Demographic, laboratory, and clinical data were registered, as well as time of @entity326 onset, illness severity (Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment), and comorbidities. Daily and accumulated fluid balance was registered at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours. Survival curves representing 28-day mortality were built according to the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: A total of 42 @entity1 were included in the analysis: @entity1 , 64.3%; mean age, 61.8  15.9 years. @entity326 was predominant in 69% of the cases. Positive blood cultures were obtained in 17 @entity1 (40.5%). No age, sex, Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment, @entity1011 , @entity880 , venous saturation of @entity3612 , and troponin differences were observed upon admission between survivors and nonsurvivors. However, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II was observed in nonsurvivors, P=.016. Nonsurvivors also showed higher accumulated positive fluid balance at 48, 72, and 96 hours with statistically significant differences. Besides, significant differences (P=.02) were observed in the survival curve with the risk of mortality at 72 hours between @entity1 with greater than 2.5 L and less than 2.5 L of accumulated fluid balance. CONCLUSIONS: Fluid administration at the onset of severe @entity295 or @entity326 is the first line of hemodynamic treatment. However, the accumulated positive fluid balance in the first 48, 72, and 96 hours is associated with higher mortality in these critically ill @entity1 .

title: Fluid balance in @entity295 and XXXX as a determining factor of mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock', 'Septic shock']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity326 :: (MESH:D012772,Disease) :: ['septic shock']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study compared the effects of three @entity3088 , including @entity22271 , @entity16956 and @entity3092 on remineralization of artificial root caries. MATERIAL: Demineralized root fragments (n=75) were randomly divided into 5 groups for treatment with the remineralizing agents for 10 minutes: (i) 6.5% @entity22271 , (ii) 6.5% @entity16956 , (iii) 6.5% @entity3092 , (iv) 1000 ppm @entity1388 and (v) deionized water (control). The demineralized samples were pH-cycled through treatment solutions, acidic buffer and neutral buffer for 8 days at 6 cycles per day. The remineralization effects were evaluated using knoop microhardness, transverse microradiography (lesion depth and mineral loss) and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Microhardness at different lesion depths was analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test; while lesion depths and mineral loss were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. RESULTS: Artificial @entity75 treated with @entity1388 and @entity3088 showed significantly greater hardness than the control group (p<0.05). Both lesion depths and mineral loss of the @entity3096 -treated groups were significantly lower than the control group (p<0.05), but significantly higher than the @entity1388 -treated group. No significant difference in lesion depths and mineral loss were found among the three @entity3088 (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: All three @entity3088 showed positive effects on artificial root caries remineralization, which are significantly lower than that of 1,000 ppm @entity1388 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Effect of XXXX on remineralization of artificial root caries.

entities_list: @entity3096 :: ('CHEBI:47916', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoid']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['caries lesions']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity22271 :: ('MESH:C013221', 'Chemical') :: ['proanthocyanidin']

entities_list: @entity3092 :: ('MESH:D011794', 'Chemical') :: ['quercetin']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity3088 :: (MESH:D005419,Chemical) :: ['flavonoids']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Severe grey and white matter volume reductions were found in @entity1 with @entity1278 ( @entity1278 ) that were linked to @entity51 while their underlying pathophysiology remains unclear. For the first time, we analysed the cellular basis of brain volume changes in an animal model (activity-based @entity448 , @entity2272 ). METHODS: Female @entity35 had 24   h/day running wheel access and received reduced food intake until a 25% weight reduction was reached and maintained for 2 weeks. RESULTS: In ABA @entity35 , the volumes of the cerebral cortex and corpus callosum were significantly reduced compared to controls by 6% and 9%, respectively. The number of @entity40 -positive astrocytes in these regions decreased by 39% and 23%, total astrocyte-covered area by 83% and 63%. In neurons no changes were observed. The findings were complemented by a 60% and 49% reduction in astrocyte ( @entity40 ) mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS: Volumetric brain changes in ABA animals mirror those in @entity1 @entity1278 @entity1 . These alterations are associated with a reduction of @entity40 -positive astrocytes as well as @entity40 expression. Reduced astrocyte functioning could help explain @entity528 leading to symptoms of @entity2003 and impaired learning. Astrocyte loss could constitute a new research target for understanding and treating @entity4321 and @entity1278 .

title: Reduced astrocyte density underlying brain volume reduction in activity-based XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa', 'AN']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychological deficits']

entities_list: @entity4321 :: ('MESH:D013217', 'Disease') :: ['semi-starvation']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal dysfunctions']

answer: @entity448 :: (MESH:D000855,Disease) :: ['anorexia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity308 is one of the major health problems of our world. Recent studies have revealed the relationship between diet and @entity308 . In Iranian traditional medicine, there is a therapeutic diet that is recommended in melancholic diseases like @entity308 . One of the main components of this diet is meat. Meats are divided into 2 groups: recommended and abstinent. The aim of this study was to clarify the logic of this diet through comparing nutritional elements of the 2 groups with each other. For this purpose, prominent books on Iranian traditional medicine were searched for abstinent and recommended meats traditionally prescribed for @entity308 @entity1 . The results of each group were compared with the other by using Mann-Whitney Test (SPSS version 16). The results showed that recommended meats contain higher amounts of @entity1474 (P = .01) especially omega-3 (P = .03). Both groups contain high amounts of @entity165 . Iranian traditional medicine recommends consumption of meats that contains @entity165 with @entity9539 in @entity308 .

title: XXXX and @entity165 Have a Main Role in Antidepression Diet of Iranian Traditional Medicine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity9539 :: ('MESH:D015525', 'Chemical') :: ['omega-3 fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity9539 :: (MESH:D015525,Chemical) :: ['Omega-3 Fatty Acids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with penetrating @entity299 have a high mortality. The utilization of sonography in these @entity1 may lead to earlier diagnosis and definitive surgical intervention. METHODS: A retrospective review of all @entity1 admitted to a level I @entity130 center were examined from March 1996 to March 2001 (17,241 @entity1 ). @entity1 were identified with penetrating @entity764 and were evaluated for mechanism of injury, sonographic findings (subxiphoid and parasternal windows), injury severity score, length of stay, and mortality. Surgeons performed all sonography. RESULTS: There were 478 @entity1 who underwent sonography for penetrating @entity764 . Twenty-three @entity1 were identified with positive sonographic findings. Subsequently 20 @entity1 had a @entity299 at surgery. There were no missed injuries. The 3 @entity1 with false positive findings had @entity712 (2 @entity1 ) and morbid @entity28 (1 @entity1 ). Mean time to operation was 13 minutes. Mean injury severity score was 33. Mean intensive care unit and hospital stay was 3.1 days and 7.2 days respectively. Sonography had a specificity of 99.3% and sensitivity of 100% for identifying penetrating @entity299 and a positive predictive value of 87% and negative predictive value of 100%. There were no hospital deaths. CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis and management using surgeon performed sonography may reduce the high mortality associated with penetrating @entity299 .

title: Successful diagnosis of penetrating XXXX using surgeon-performed sonography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic injuries']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac injury', 'cardiac injuries']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine cerebral arterial blood flow in 2 @entity1 exhibiting @entity9085 (VBI) before and after spinal manipulative therapy. CLINICAL FEATURES: Two @entity1 had a repetitive/resting @entity400 , one from a spastic torticollis with the onset immediately after self-manipulation by the @entity1 6 months earlier, and the second one with a generalized resting @entity400 , hip clonus, dizziness, and @entity1163 . The diagnosis of @entity9085 was established by continuous wave Doppler ultrasound and physical examination. INTERVENTION AND OUTCOME: Nonrotary cervical manipulation and diversified technique to the thoracic spine were performed. In the first @entity1 , the spastic @entity400 improved by 80%. The repeat Doppler performed 13 months later showed an improvement in the arterial flow in the right external carotid artery peak flow from 0.7 kHz to 1.75 kHz. In the second @entity1 , the resting @entity400 diminished in 4 days, with the right common carotid artery peak systolic flow improving from 1.0 kHz to 1.9 kHz and the left vertebral artery flow improving from 0.175 kHz to 0.5 kHz. The symptoms of VBI and objective Doppler findings improved following spinal manipulation. Both cases had impaired vertebral arterial flow. CONCLUSION: Spinal manipulation may have a normalizing effect on the sympathetic nervous system, allowing for a change in @entity455 .

title: XXXX and spinal manipulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vasospastic cerebral vascular arteries']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['presyncope']

entities_list: @entity9085 :: ('MESH:D014715', 'Disease') :: ['vertebrobasilar ischemia', 'signs of vertebrobasilar arterial ischemia']

answer: @entity9085 :: (MESH:D014715,Disease) :: ['Vertebrobasilar ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Heavy @entity167 drinking is associated with increased prevalence of systemic @entity101 ( @entity101 ), but the relationship between moderate drinking and @entity101 remains unclear. We explored the possible role of underreporting among moderate drinkers. METHOD: In a cross-sectional analysis of 105,378 @entity1 , we defined a subset among @entity1 reporting three or fewer drinks per day that was likely to include a disproportionate number of underreporters. This subset included @entity1 who, on another occasion, indicated intake of three or more drinks per day or who ever had a diagnosis of an @entity167 -related condition; these @entity1 are called "positive." @entity1 who never reported three or more drinks per day and who had no @entity167 -related diagnosis were called "negative." Logistic regression models estimated the odds ratios (ORs) for prevalent @entity101 (140/90 mm Hg or greater) in the positive and negative subgroups, compared with lifelong abstainers as referent. All @entity1 and four race-gender groups were studied, and they were controlled for age, education, smoking, and body mass index. We also studied the relationship of blood liver transaminase enzyme levels in the positive and negative subgroups at specific @entity167 intake strata. RESULTS: For @entity1 reporting one to two drinks per day, the OR (95% confidence interval) of @entity101 was 1.32 (1.21-1.43) for positive @entity1 and 1.16 (1.09-1.25) for negative @entity1 . For those reporting less than one drink per day, the ORs were 0.97 (0.89-1.06) for positives and 0.92 (0.87-0.98) for negatives. For those reporting one to two drinks per day, positive/negative comparisons showed approximately a 75% increased prevalence of high liver transaminase enzymes. For those reporting less than one drink per day, the positive/negative difference was approximately 30%. CONCLUSION: In these data, increased prevalence of @entity101 among @entity1 reporting one to two drinks per day appears to be partially due to underreporting of @entity167 intake.

title: Higher prevalence of systemic XXXX among moderate @entity167 drinkers: an exploration of the role of underreporting.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'HTN']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: PURPOSE: Tumor relapse is the most frequent cause of @entity204 in stage 4 @entity521 . Since genomic information on the relapse precursor cells could guide targeted therapy, our aim was to find the most appropriate tissue for identifying relapse-seeding clones. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We analyzed 10 geographically and temporally separated samples of a single @entity1 by SNP array and validated the data in 154 stage 4 @entity1 . RESULTS: In the case study, aberrations unique to certain tissues and time points were evident besides concordant aberrations shared by all samples. Diagnostic bone marrow-derived DTCs (disseminated @entity5 cells) as well as the @entity3 and DTCs at relapse displayed a 1q deletion, not detected in any of the seven primary @entity5 samples. In the validation cohort, the frequency of 1q deletion was 17.8%, 10%, and 27.5% in the diagnostic DTCs, diagnostic @entity5 , and DTCs at relapse, respectively. This aberration was significantly associated with 19q and @entity8171 deletions. We observed a significant increased likelihood of an adverse event in the presence of 19q deletion in the diagnostic DTCs. CONCLUSIONS: Different frequencies of 1q and 19q deletions in the primary @entity5 as compared to DTCs, their relatively high frequency at relapse, and their effect on event-free survival (19q deletion) indicate the relevance of analyzing diagnostic DTCs. Our data support the hypothesis of a branched @entity2214 and a parallel progression of primary and @entity3 cells. Therefore, searching for biomarkers to identify the relapse-seeding clone should involve diagnostic DTCs alongside the @entity5 tissue.

title: Impact of disseminated XXXX cells on the identification of the relapse-seeding clone.

entities_list: @entity2214 :: ('MESH:D007945', 'Disease') :: ['clonal evolution']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastomas']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Histologic documentation of vertebral bodies retrieved from @entity1 @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to illustrate the histologic findings of two cases in which vertebroplasty and/or kyphoplasty had been performed. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: There are a number of controversies to @entity3574 , including the use of inflatable bone tamps, use of nonstandardized @entity4625 ( @entity4625 ) preparations, the extent and significance of thermal @entity39 , any @entity6377 , and cement extravasation. METHODS: Four vertebral bodies from two cases ranging from 1 month to 2 years after surgery were analyzed histologically. @entity3178 slides of retrieved vertebral bodies were reviewed with special reference for evidence of thermal @entity39 , @entity6377 , migration of cement, cement voids and @entity174 , and for the influence of the bone tamp on adjacent bone. RESULTS: The cancellous bone around the cement of the kyphoplasty specimen showed good density, suggesting that the tamping had displaced bone, essentially autografting the space around the cement. Bone immediately around the cement did not show extensive @entity39 , but there were a few spicules of necrotic bone associated with creeping substitution, suggesting either thermal effect, the original @entity174 , or displacement of bone by the procedure. Foreign body giant cells and macrophages were identified in the fibrous membrane around the @entity4625 in all segments. These cells contained material consistent with cement particles and/or @entity6680 . Particles were also present within vascular spaces. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, these cases are among the first published reports of @entity1 histology after vertebral cement augmentation and have implications concerning the nature of the surgical procedures as well as the material used for injection.

title: Histologic evaluation of XXXX vertebral bodies after @entity3574 with @entity4625 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4625 :: ('MESH:D019904', 'Chemical') :: ['polymethylmethacrylate', 'PMMA']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity6680 :: ('MESH:D001466', 'Chemical') :: ['barium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity3574 :: ('OMIM:277300', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral augmentation']

entities_list: @entity3178 :: ('MESH:D046728', 'Disease') :: ['Microscope']

entities_list: @entity6377 :: ('MESH:D005549', 'Disease') :: ['foreign body reaction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We examined the clonal evolution of skin malignant lesions by repeated topical applications of @entity5954 (20-MC) to the skin, which induces @entity5072 , @entity75 and @entity189 in @entity19 . The lesions were examined histologically and immunohistochemically with anti-single-stranded DNA after acid hydrolysis (DNA-instability test), @entity899 , @entity1611 , @entity70429 , @entity4698 and AgNORs parameters analyses. Multiple clones with increased DNA instability comparable to that of @entity189 were noted in early-stage (2-6 weeks) @entity5072 , and their number increased in middle (7-11 weeks), and late-stages (12-25 weeks) of @entity5072 , indicating that they belong to the @entity5 category. All @entity189 showed a positive DNA-instability test. Positive immunostaining for various biomarkers and AgNORs parameters appeared in clones with a positive DNA-instability test in early-or middle-stage @entity5072 , and markedly increased in late-stage @entity5072 , @entity189 . The percentage of @entity4698 -positive vascular endothelial cells was significantly higher in @entity1611 -positive lesions with a positive DNA-instability test and became higher toward the late-stage of progression. Cut-woundings were made to @entity189 lesions, and the regeneration activity of vascular endothelial cells was determined by using flash labeling with tritiated @entity1014 (3H-TdR). In small @entity75 , vascular endothelial cells showed regenerative response, but the response was weak in large lesions. No such response was noted in invasive @entity189 ; rather, cut-wounding induced collapse of blood vessels, which in turn induced @entity11659 of @entity5 cells. These responses can be interpreted to reflect exhausted vascular growth activity due to excessive stimulation by @entity1611 -overexpression, which was persistently seen from @entity5072 to @entity189 .

title: Clonal evolution and progression of @entity5954 -induced squamous cell carcinoma of @entity19 epidermis as revealed by DNA instability and other XXXX markers.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['papillomatous lesion', 'papillomatous lesions']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic epidermis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'papillomatous lesions and invasive carcinomas', 'papillomatous and invasive carcinoma', 'invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity5954 :: ('MESH:D008748', 'Chemical') :: ['20-methylcholanthrene']

entities_list: @entity11659 :: ('MESH:D047508', 'Disease') :: ['massive coagulative necrosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: AIMS: The aim of this study was to characterise the @entity204 of @entity1 from @entity565 in New South Wales (NSW) over the last 10 years and ascertain whether there were modifiable factors that could have prevented the @entity204 . METHODS: The hospital medical records, coronial reports, immunisation records and all relevant correspondence from general practitioners, medical specialists and hospitals were reviewed for @entity1 who died with @entity565 in the 10 years (2004-2013). RESULTS: In 10 years, there were 20 @entity204 (0-7 per year) with a male predominance (70%) occurring in @entity1 aged 4-17 years. Sixteen (80%) had persistent @entity565 and 4 (20%) had intermittent @entity565 . The majority (55%) had been hospitalised for @entity565 in the preceding 12 months, 25% in the preceding 6 weeks. The majority (55%) was aged 10-14 years. Ninety percent were @entity1097 . Psychosocial issues were identified in the majority (55%) of families. Forty percent had a @entity1 protection history. Seventy-five percent had consulted a general practitioner in the year before their death, 45% had a current written @entity565 action plan and 50% had not seen a paediatrician ever in relation to their @entity565 . Of the 16 @entity1 at school, the schools were aware of the @entity565 in 14 (88%) cases, but only half had copies of written @entity565 plans. CONCLUSIONS: Improved communication and oversight between health-care providers, education and community protection agencies could reduce mortality from @entity565 in @entity1 .

title: XXXX in @entity1 in New South Wales 2004-2013: Could we have done more?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['Asthma deaths']


abstract: AIMS: To study the expression and prognostic significance of the cell adhesion molecule @entity5962 in oesophageal @entity5 from the UK (low risk area) and China (high risk area). METHODS: @entity5962 expression was measured immunohistochemically in resected @entity5 from 17 @entity1 in the UK with @entity420 , 23 @entity1 from the UK with @entity957 , and 30 @entity1 from China with @entity957 who survived for five years postoperatively and compared with similar @entity5 from @entity1 in the same regions who did not survive (140 @entity5 in all). RESULTS: Normal squamous epithelial cells and well differentiated areas of @entity5 showed membranous staining for @entity5962 expression. Cytoplasmic staining, heterogeneous staining, or an absence of staining was seen in @entity7944 and in less well differentiated areas of @entity5 . Only one of 140 primary @entity5 had homogeneous membranous expression. In @entity5 from UK @entity1 with @entity420 (p = 1.00) and from Chinese @entity1 with @entity957 (p = 0.06) there was no correlation between @entity5962 absence and non-survival. In @entity5 from UK @entity1 with @entity957 there was a significant correlation between absence of @entity5962 and non-survival (p = 0.009). Tumours from UK @entity1 with @entity957 who survived were significantly less likely to be @entity5962 absent than those from Chinese @entity1 with @entity957 who survived (p = 0.007). Multivariate analysis (n = 37 UK, paired data) showed that absence of @entity5962 in the primary @entity5 was a weak independent prognostic factor for non-survival (30% significance level; p = 0.26; odds ratio = 3.56). In UK nodal metastases there was no correlation between @entity5962 expression and survival. CONCLUSIONS: @entity957 from UK @entity1 differed from both @entity420 from UK @entity1 and @entity189 from Chinese @entity1 with respect to @entity5962 expression and prognostic significance. In @entity5 from UK @entity1 , @entity5962 absence in the @entity189 (a weak independent prognostic factor) but not metastases correlated with non-survival.

title: Expression of XXXX in oesophageal @entity189 from the UK and China: disparities in prognostic significance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinomas', 'squamous carcinoma', 'Squamous carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'primary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7944 :: ('MESH:C536309', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic epithelium']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5962 :: (999,Gene) :: ['E-cadherin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We tested the hypothesis that @entity1375 , as defined by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration, is associated with a severity-weighted composite of mortality and major @entity65 after noncardiac surgery. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, we evaluated adults at the Cleveland Clinic Main Campus between 2005 and 2012, who had had available TSH concentrations within the 6 months before noncardiac surgery. @entity1 were categorized as (1) @entity1375 ( @entity1 who had diagnosis of @entity1375 any time prior to surgery and increased TSH value (> 5.5 mIU/L) within 6 months prior to surgery); (2) treated ( @entity1375 diagnosis and normal TSH concentrations [0.4-5.5 mIU/L]); and (3) euthyroid (no @entity1375 diagnosis and normal TSH concentrations). We conducted pairwise comparisons among the 3 groups using inverse propensity score weighting to control for observed confounding variables. Average relative effect generalized estimating equation model was used for the primary outcome composite of in-hospital @entity65 , surgical wound complication or @entity281 , and mortality. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression were used for secondary outcomes of intraoperative vasopressor use and duration of hospitalization, respectively. RESULTS: We identified 800 @entity1375 @entity1 (median TSH: 8.6 mIU/L [Q1, Q3: 6.5, 13.0]), 1805 treated @entity1 (2.0 mIU/L [1.1, 3.2]), and 5612 euthyroid @entity1 (1.7 mIU/L [1.1, 2.6]). There were no significant differences among the @entity1375 , treated, and euthyroid @entity1 on the primary composite outcome (all P values >= 0.30). @entity1375 @entity1 were slightly more likely to receive vasopressor during surgery than either treated (odds ratio, 1.17; 99.2% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.36) or euthyroid (odds ratio, 1.12; 99.2% CI, 1.02-1.24) @entity1 . Furthermore, @entity1375 @entity1 were slightly but significantly less likely to be discharged at any given postoperative time than treated @entity1 (hazard ratio, 0.92; 99.2% CI, 0.86-0.99). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1375 was not associated with worse postoperative mortality, wound, or cardiovascular outcomes in noncardiac @entity1 . Thus, postponing surgery to initiate thyroid replacement therapy in @entity1 with @entity1375 seems unnecessary.

title: The Effect of XXXX on a Composite of Mortality, @entity65 After Noncardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothyroidism', 'Hypothyroid', 'hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular and infectious complications', 'cardiovascular morbidity']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['Hypothyroidism']


abstract: The occurrence of reduced @entity79 ( @entity79 ) among adolescent @entity1 with @entity2589 or secondary @entity2588 , due to 'pure' dysfunction of the hypothalamo- @entity43 (without @entity448 nervosa, excessive sport or ballet, slimming diet, etc.) was examined. The study group consisted of 19 adolescent @entity1 (age 16-18 years) with oligo/ @entity2588 . Clinical (height, weight, age at menarche, duration of @entity2588 , body mass index (BMI)), hormonal (follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), @entity53 , @entity1420 , @entity251 , prolactin), and ion ( @entity460 , @entity1372 , @entity972 , @entity1391 , @entity2865 ) parameters and the @entity79 of the lumbar spine were investigated. Correlations between @entity79 and other parameters were also examined. Twenty healthy volunteers (same age and regular cycles) served as controls. Three @entity1 had @entity170 , with a @entity79 below -2 standard deviations (SD). Ten showed @entity2331 , with a @entity79 value between -1 and -2 SD. Only six of the study group had a normal @entity79 within +/- 1 SD. A positive correlation was observed between the @entity79 and the BMI (r = 0.73; p < 0.05). All the controls had normal hormonal, ion and @entity79 parameters. 'Pure' dysfunction of the @entity43 in adolescents, causing @entity2589 or secondary @entity2588 , might result in reduced @entity79 and, consequently, lower peak bone mass. Treatment of menstrual cycle disorders is necessary for the prevention of @entity170 .

title: Occurrence of @entity2331 among adolescent XXXX with oligo/ @entity2588 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['HPO axis', 'pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity2589 :: ('MESH:D009839', 'Disease') :: ['oligomenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['girls']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 presenting with poor-grade @entity510 ( @entity510 ) have commonly been reported to have a poor prognosis; however, several reports suggest a favorable outcome in a subgroup of @entity1 . We analyzed our database to identify factors determining functional outcome after poor-grade @entity510 . METHODS: During the period 2004-2014, 248 @entity1 with poor-grade @entity510 were treated in our institution. Poor-grade @entity510 was defined as World Federation of Neurological Surgeons grades IV-V on admission. Data including @entity1 characteristics, treatment modality, radiologic features, and functional neurologic outcome were assessed and further analyzed. Outcome was assessed according to the modified Rankin Scale after 6 months and stratified into favorable (modified Rankin Scale score 0-2) versus unfavorable (modified Rankin Scale score 3-6). A multivariate analysis was performed to identify predictors of functional outcome. RESULTS: A favorable outcome was achieved in 24% of @entity1 with poor-grade @entity510 . @entity1 with a favorable outcome were significantly younger (P  = 0.005), harbored significantly smaller @entity439 (P  = 0.004), and had a lower initial World Federation of Neurological Surgeons grade (P < 0.0001). An unfavorable outcome was significantly more frequent in @entity1 with additional space-occupying @entity1410 compared with @entity1 without additional space-occupying @entity1410 (P  = 0.0009). On multivariate analysis, @entity1 age, World Federation of Neurological Surgeons grade V, signs of @entity1779 , @entity439 size, and presence of space-occupying @entity1410 were identified as significant predictors of unfavorable outcome in @entity1 with poor-grade @entity510 . CONCLUSIONS: A favorable outcome was achieved in 24% of severely ill @entity1 with poor-grade @entity510 . Therefore, treatment of @entity1 with poor-grade @entity510 should not be omitted. Careful individualized decision making is necessary for each @entity1 .

title: Poor-Grade XXXX : Factors Influencing Functional Outcome-A Single-Center Series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage', 'SAH']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral herniation']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to describe the national rates of surgery for @entity322 in @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: We used the National Hospital Discharge Survey, a federal database that samples inpatient hospitals in the United States. Data from 1979 to 1997 were analyzed for diagnoses and procedures coded by using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, Clinical Modification, classification system. Age-adjusted rates were calculated by using the 1990 census population and compared for change over time with the score test for linear trend. RESULTS: The number of @entity1 undergoing inpatient surgery for @entity322 has varied from 33000 in 1979 to 85000 in 1993. The rate of surgeries for @entity322 has almost doubled, from 0.32 procedures per 1000 @entity1 per year in 1979 to 0.60 procedures per 1000 @entity1 per year in 1997 (P =.02). The number of suprapubic slings performed increased over time. Approximately 2100 slings were performed per year until 1996, when 7348 were performed, followed by 10,192 in 1997 (rate increase from 12 to 75.2 per 1000000 @entity1 per year, P =.03). @entity1 undergoing @entity322 procedures were 79% white, 3% African American, and the remaining 18% other (including unknown). Thirty-seven percent of cases were performed in the South, 25% in the Midwest and West, and 12% in the Northeast. From 1979 to 1997, the mean age of @entity1 at the time of surgery increased from 50.5 +/- 12.1 years to 56.6 +/- 13.3 years; mean length of hospital stay decreased from 9.9 +/- 4.5 days to 2.7 +/- 1.4 days (P <.001). CONCLUSION: The rate of surgery for @entity322 in @entity1 has nearly doubled from 1979 to 1997.

title: Procedures for XXXX in the United States, 1979-1997.

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of medium-dose UVA1 phototherapy in @entity1 with @entity2631 . METHOD: A controlled pilot study with medium-dose UVA1 (48 J/cm2) was performed. The results were evaluated by means of a skin score and two objective methods for quantifying @entity1463 (cutometer and fast Fourier transform method). @entity1 were treated 4 times a week for 5 weeks. The follow-up period was 12 weeks. RESULTS: All @entity1 responded to therapy. Skin score and cutometer results showed improvement of skin elasticity of treated skin compared to control skin. Fast Fourier transform measurements showed no change in bundle orientation ratio and spacing. CONCLUSION: We concluded that treatment for 12 weeks 4 times a week with medium-dose UVA1 may be a beneficial therapy and a well-tolerated treatment modality for @entity2631 ( @entity2631 ). After 12 weeks, improvement of @entity272 can be detected by skin score and cutometer measurements but not by the fast Fourier transform method.

title: Evaluation of medium-dose UVA1 phototherapy in XXXX with the cutometer and fast Fourier transform method.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['localized scleroderma', 'morphea']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin sclerosis']

answer: @entity2631 :: (MESH:D012594,Disease) :: ['localized scleroderma']