abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4712 is an autosomal dominantly inherited connective tissue disorder characterised by ocular, orofacial, skeletal and auditory features. The estimated prevalence is 1:10,000. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We present a @entity1 with the salient features of @entity4712 . Based on a literature search on Medline, we present an overview of this disorder. RESULTS: The @entity1 presented at birth with Pierre Robin sequence and bilateral exophtalmus. Serial ophthalmological investigations have revealed a non-progressive @entity1714 of high degree and @entity854 . From the age of three, she had joint @entity8018 and @entity158 . Her intelligence is normal, but she requires speech therapy because of problems with articulation. INTERPRETATION: Recent research has provided a better understanding of the molecular genetic background of this condition. According to mutations in three genes encoding type II- and/or type XI-collagen, @entity4712 can be subclassified into type 1, 2 and 3, but there is a considerable clinical overlap in symptoms. @entity1 with mild symptoms may be undiagnosed. Once the diagnosis is established, a coordinated multidisciplinary follow-up approach is recommended.

title: [ XXXX --an underdiagnosed condition?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4712 :: ('MESH:C580472', 'Disease') :: ["Stickler's syndrome", 'Stickler syndrome']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of the vitreous gel architecture']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['joint pain']

entities_list: @entity8018 :: ('MESH:C536196', 'Disease') :: ['hypermobility']

answer: @entity4712 :: (MESH:C580472,Disease) :: ['Stickler's syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity9052 has been shown to promote hair growth in several recent studies. However, its effects on @entity1 hair follicles and its mechanisms of action have not been sufficiently elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the hair growth-promoting effects of red @entity9052 extract (RGE) and its ginsenosides. The proliferative activities of cultured @entity1 hair follicles treated with RGE and ginsenoside- @entity996 were assessed using Ki-67 immunostaining. Their effects on isolated @entity1 @entity1829 cells (hDPCs) were evaluated using cytotoxicity assays, immunoblot analysis of signaling proteins, and the determination of associated growth factors. We examined the ability of RGE and ginsenosides to protect hair matrix keratinocyte proliferation against dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced @entity1155 and their effects on the expression of @entity23447 . The in vivo hair growth-promoting effect of RGE was also investigated in C57BL/6 @entity19 . Both RGE and ginsenoside- @entity996 enhanced the proliferation of hair matrix keratinocytes. hDPCs treated with RGE or ginsenoside- @entity996 exhibited substantial cell proliferation and the associated phosphorylation of @entity3963 and @entity584 . Moreover, RGE, ginsenoside- @entity996 , and ginsenoside-Rg3 abrogated the DHT-induced @entity1155 of hair matrix keratinocyte proliferation and the DHT-induced upregulation of the mRNA expression of @entity23447 in hDPCs. @entity19 experiments revealed that the subcutaneous injection of 3% RGE resulted in more rapid hair growth than the negative control. In conclusion, RGE and its ginsenosides may enhance hDPC proliferation, activate @entity3963 and @entity584 signaling pathways in hDPCs, upregulate hair matrix keratinocyte proliferation, and inhibit the DHT-induced @entity23447 transcription. These results suggest that red @entity9052 may promote hair growth in @entity1 .

title: Red @entity9052 Extract Promotes the Hair Growth in Cultured XXXX Hair Follicles.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity23447 :: ('367', 'Gene') :: ['androgen receptor']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['dermal papilla']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['suppression']

entities_list: @entity9052 :: ('4054', 'Species') :: ['Ginseng', 'ginseng']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Low concentrations of inhaled anesthetics present in the early postoperative period can increase @entity158 sensitivity. Changes in @entity158 threshold associated with inhaled anesthetics have been reported in male @entity19 , @entity35 , and @entity1 . METHODS: The authors compared the @entity158 -enhancing effects of @entity5161 in male and female @entity19 in response to a thermal stimulus and studied the consequences of hormonal manipulation. RESULTS: @entity5161 produced a larger increase in @entity158 sensitivity in female @entity19 . Both castration and oophorectomy resulted in an increase in baseline @entity158 sensitivity and potentiated @entity158 enhancement by @entity5161 . At stages of the estrus cycle when @entity172 was low, female @entity19 showed greater @entity158 enhancement from @entity5161 than at high @entity172 stages. Treatment with exogenous @entity172 reduced @entity5161 -induced @entity158 sensitivity. Exogenous @entity251 treatment had a similar effect, which did not occur when enzymatic conversion to @entity172 was prevented. CONCLUSIONS: Because both @entity172 and @entity251 reduce the pronociceptive action of @entity5161 , intact females may exhibit a larger increase in @entity158 sensitivity because of their cyclical @entity172 levels. @entity251 is effective in the male because of conversion to @entity172 . Enhanced @entity158 sensitivity is clearly undesirable in the postoperative setting. If these findings also apply to @entity1 , the menstrual cycle may be an important factor in determining @entity158 levels after emergence from general anesthesia.

title: Pronociceptive actions of @entity5161 : a protective role for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoflurane', 'isoflurane']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: The @entity406 (FA) is a crosslinking agent that reacts with cellular macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids and molecules with low molecular weight such as @entity3534 , and it has been linked to inflammatory processes and oxidative stress. This study aimed to analyze the oxidative effects on pulmonary inflammatory response in Fischer @entity35 exposed to different concentrations of FA. Twenty-eight Fischer @entity35 were divided into 4 groups (N  =  7). The control group (CG) was exposed to ambient air and three groups were exposed to different concentrations of FA: 1% (FA1%), 5% (FA5%) and 10% (FA10%). In the Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF), the exposure to a concentration of 10% promoted the increase of inflammatory cells compared to CG. There was also an increase of macrophages and lymphocytes in FA10% and lymphocytes in FA5% compared to CG. The activity of @entity1110 oxidase in the blood had been higher in FA5% and FA10% compared to CG. The activity of @entity224 dismutase enzyme (SOD) had an increase in FA5% and the activity of the catalase enzyme (CAT) showed an increase in FA1% compared to CG. As for the @entity2041 system, there was an increase in total @entity2041 (tGSH), @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ) and @entity9492 ( @entity9492 ) in FA5% compared to CG. The reduced/oxidized @entity2041 ratio ( @entity6172 / @entity9492 ) had a decrease in FA5% compared to CG. There was an increase in lipid peroxidation compared to all groups and the protein @entity6738 formation in FA10% compared to CG. We also observed an increase in @entity657 and @entity16620 chemokines in the treatment groups compared to CG and in serum there was an increase in @entity657 , @entity9269 and @entity16620 compared to CG. Our results point out to the potential of @entity406 in promoting @entity130 by increasing the inflammatory process as well as by the redox imbalance.

title: Oxidative effects on lung inflammatory response in @entity35 exposed to different concentrations of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3534 :: ('MESH:D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity9492 :: ('MESH:D019803', 'Chemical') :: ['GSSG', 'oxidized glutathione']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione', 'reduced glutathione']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity6738 :: ('CHEBI:23019', 'Chemical') :: ['carbonyl']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['airway injury']

answer: @entity406 :: (MESH:D005557,Chemical) :: ['formaldehyde']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spasticity arises from hyperexcitability of the neural stretch reflex arc secondary to injury of the corticospinal tract. In response to injury, the density of glutamatergic inputs from afferent 1A fibers to motor neurons increases dramatically and adaptive changes occur in the morphology of microglia cells in the spinal cord. SUMMARY: Involvement of the endocannabinoid system in pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for @entity508 has been demonstrated in animal models of @entity15 . Stimulation of cannabinoid (CB)1 receptors reduces the hyperglutamatergic drive from sensory afferents to spinal cord motor neurons and blocks the synaptic effects of activated microglia and pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g. @entity310 ) on glutamatergic transmission. Enhancing corticospinal tract excitability through intermittent theta burst stimulation inhibits the stretch reflex and @entity508 by promoting long-term potentiation, a form of synaptic plasticity that requires stimulation of @entity6510 receptors. Evidence indicates that the antispasticity effects of @entity839 :CBD oromucosal spray (Sativex  ) are associated with enhanced cortical long-term potentiation. Key Messages: Glutamatergic and GABAergic pathways are involved in the regulation of muscle tone. @entity6510 receptors, which are associated with movement, postural control, and @entity158 and sensory perception, influence glutamatergic pathways. @entity839 :CBD oromucosal spray was shown to reverse motor cortex plasticity from long-term @entity308 through long-term potentiation of synaptic transmission, thereby restoring, at least in part, effective corticospinal inputs to spinal circuits.    2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Advances in the management of @entity15 XXXX : @entity15 @entity508 nervous pathways.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

answer: @entity508 :: (MESH:D009128,Disease) :: ['spasticity']


abstract: Electrocardiographic repolarization parameters are potential markers of arrhythmogenic risk and have not been evaluated in @entity1526 . The aim of this report was to investigate their associations with LV systolic function assessed by two-dimensional echocardiography. In a cross-sectional study involving 738 adult outpatients in the chronic phase of @entity1526 , maximal QTc and T wave peak-to-end (TpTe) intervals, and @entity1162 , QTapex (QTa), IT and TpTe interval dispersions, and variation coefficients were measured and calculated from 12-lead standard ECGs. Clinical, radiological, ECG, and echocardiographic data were recorded. In bivariate statistical analysis, all repolarization parameters were significantly increased in @entity1 with moderate or severe LV @entity299 , and these @entity1 showed more clinical, radiologic, and ECG abnormalities. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that isolatedly QTd had the best predictive performance for @entity409 , with an 80% specificity and 67% sensitivity for values >60 ms in the subgroup of chagasic @entity1 with abnormal ECGs and no @entity712 . Multivariate logistic regression selected, as the best predictive model for @entity409 in this subgroup of @entity1 , the presence of @entity1283 on chest X ray (OR 14.06, 95% CI, 5.54-35.71), QTd >60 ms (OR 9.35, 95% CI, 4.01-21.81), male gender (OR 7.70, 95% CI, 2.98-19.91) and the presence of frequent @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ) on ECG (OR 4.06, 95% CI, 1.65-9.97). This model showed 90% specificity and 71% sensitivity. In conclusion, QTd was associated to LV systolic function and could be used to predict @entity10094 in chronic @entity1526 . The presence of @entity1283 , frequent @entity1540 , and male sex refined LV function stratification in these @entity1 .

title: Electrocardiographic ventricular repolarization parameters in chronic XXXX as predictors of asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomegaly']

entities_list: @entity10094 :: ('MESH:D058070', 'Disease') :: ['asymptomatic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['LV dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ["Chagas' disease"]

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['premature ventricular contractions', 'PVCs']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity1526 :: (MESH:D014355,Disease) :: ['Chagas' disease']


abstract: A 49-year-old @entity1 was admitted with @entity1295 , dyspnoea, pretibial @entity4 and decreased daily urination. Seven years ago she was treated with @entity632 , @entity1732 , @entity5713 and @entity2699 , alternating with @entity3700 , @entity1891 , @entity4174 and @entity229 and 80 Gy abdominal radiotherapy for @entity978 . Two years later, malignant @entity101 was diagnosed. Angiotensin-2 antagonist and beta-blocker treatment was given. After increased serum @entity1011 levels were determined, renal angiography was performed and @entity2791 in the right side was observed. She was admitted to our clinic with @entity1458 , and @entity810 was diagnosed. Balloon angioplasty and stent implantation was performed to the right renal artery. After a polyuric period, serum @entity1011 reduced to near normal levels. Angiotensin-2 antagonist treatment worsened the course in this @entity1 . @entity1 with resistant @entity101 occurring years after abdominal radiotherapy should be evaluated for @entity2791 .

title: XXXX after abdominal radiotherapy for @entity978 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity4174 :: ('MESH:D011344', 'Chemical') :: ['procarbazine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['dacarbazine']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['total obstruction in the left renal artery and near total obstruction', 'renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity3700 :: ('MESH:D008466', 'Chemical') :: ['mechlorethamine']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity2791 :: (MESH:D012078,Disease) :: ['Bilateral renal artery stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare @entity7379 gene expression between @entity1 osteoarthritic and healthy cartilage and to examine whether expression is regulated by the promoter DNA methylation of the gene. METHODS: @entity1 cartilage samples were collected from @entity1 undergoing total hip/knee joint replacement surgery due to @entity571 ( @entity571 ), and from @entity1 with hip @entity174 as controls. DNA/RNA was extracted from the cartilage tissues. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to measure gene expression, and Sequenom EpiTyper was used to assay DNA methylation. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the methylation and expression levels between @entity571 cases and controls. Spearman rank correlation coefficient was calculated to examine the association between the methylation and gene expression. RESULTS: A total of 58 @entity1 with @entity571 (36 @entity1 , 22 @entity1 ; mean age 64    9 yrs) and 55 controls (43 @entity1 , 12 @entity1 ; mean age 79    10 yrs) were studied. @entity7379 expression was on average 83% higher in @entity571 cartilage than in controls (p = 0.0005). No difference was observed for DNA methylation levels in the @entity7379 promoter region between @entity571 cases and controls. No correlation was found between @entity7379 expression and promoter DNA methylation. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that @entity7379 is significantly overexpressed in @entity571 . This overexpression cannot be explained by DNA methylation in the promoter region. The results suggest that the transforming growth factor-b/ @entity7379 pathway may be overactivated in @entity571 cartilage and has potential in developing targeted therapies for @entity571 .

title: @entity7379 Is Upregulated in XXXX Osteoarthritic Cartilage Independent of the Promoter DNA Methylation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients', 'Human', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['primary osteoarthritis', 'OA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The aim of the study was to develop a Polish version of the @entity3577 /Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ) to evaluate sexual function in @entity1 with stress @entity322 (SUI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) versus a control group. METHODS: Before the validation study, a pilot study of the Polish version of the PISQ was performed in 22 @entity1 with @entity3087 . The respondents completed the questionnaire at recruitment and 2  weeks later. Test-retest reliability and internal consistency were determined. The validation study was performed in 249 sexually active @entity1 (123 with urodynamic SUI and POP; 126 healthy controls). The study group reported @entity322 ( @entity322 ) at the urogynecological ambulatory clinic, where they underwent urogynecological and urodynamic examinations. All @entity1 completed the questionnaire. PISQ results from both groups were compared and correlated with those of the King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ) and @entity1 age. RESULTS: Test-retest reliability was good according to Pearson's correlation coefficient (r   =   0.89, p   <   0.001). PISQ had high internal consistency (Cronbach's a   =   0.878). The total PISQ score was significantly lower in the study group compared with the controls (83.6        14.9 vs 95.7        10.3, p   <   0.001), as were scores for individual domains: Behavioral/Emotive, Physical, Partner-Related (33.9        10.2 vs 39.8        7.8, 31.7        6.9 vs 37.1        2.8, and 18.0        3.1 vs 19.4        2.6 respectively; p   <   0.001), confirming the lower quality of sexual function in @entity1 with SUI and POP. A correlation between PISQ and KHQ scores and @entity1 age was confirmed. CONCLUSIONS: The Polish version of the PISQ is a reliable tool for evaluating sexual function in @entity1 with POP and @entity322 .

title: Validation of the Polish version of the XXXX /Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3087 :: ('MESH:D059952', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic floor dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity3577 :: ('MESH:D056887', 'Disease') :: ['Pelvic Organ Prolapse']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'UI']

answer: @entity3577 :: (MESH:D056887,Disease) :: ['Pelvic Organ Prolapse']


abstract: PURPOSE: In primary treatment of @entity4039 ( @entity4039 ) in situ fixation reliably prevents slip progression. The aim of this study was to examine the long-term outcome of @entity4039 - @entity1 treated by transfixation with Kirschner wires with a special focus on the remodelling process of the hips under this fixation method. METHODS: 30 @entity1 with stable @entity4039 (mean initial slip angle: 29  , mean follow-up: 10 years), who were treated with bilateral transfixation by Kirschner wires, were recruited for this study. At most recent follow-up @entity1 were clinically and radiologically ( @entity7994 ) examined. Medical records were reviewed for previous follow-up time points. RESULTS: Range of motion: At most recent follow-up the mean range of motion was: extension/flexion: 0/0/121, abduction/adduction: 44/0/31, external rotation/internal rotation: 39/0/24. Nearly all dimensions of motion significantly improved during the postoperative course.Head-shaft angle: We saw a significant reduction of the mean head-shaft angle from 29   preoperatively to 11   at most recent follow-up (p<0.0001).Harris Hip Score (HHS): 24 @entity1 had an excellent, 3 a good, 2 a fair and 1 a poor outcome defined by HHS.Remodelling: At most recent follow-up 25 @entity1 achieved complete remodelling. The remodelling process took place especially during the first postoperative year.Angle alpha: The mean angle alpha of the affected hips at most recent follow-up was 62  . CONCLUSIONS: Transfixation with Kirschner wires leads to very good clinical, functional and radiologic results with a low complication rate. Furthermore the femoral head-neck junction retains enough plasticity for an active remodelling process.

title: Slipped XXXX : long-term outcome and remodelling after in situ fixation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4039 :: ('MESH:D060048', 'Disease') :: ['slipped capital femoral epiphysis', 'SCFE']

answer: @entity4039 :: (MESH:D060048,Disease) :: ['capital femoral epiphysis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The authors describe a modified technique of primary transanal rectosigmoidectomy for @entity1963 ( @entity1963 ), using a Swenson like procedure to perform the anastomosis between the colon and the rectum, and the preliminary results from this in @entity1 . METHODS: Twenty @entity1 , of whom, 90% were @entity1 and 10% @entity1 , 50% white and 50% nonwhite, aged 15 days to 10 years and with @entity1963 proven via biopsy, underwent a transanal pull-through procedure over a 29-month period. Postoperative follow-up ranged from 29 to 5 months. The proximal cut edge of the mucosal and submucosal cuff was tagged with multiple @entity7502 4-0 sutures, which were used for traction of the intestinal layers outside. The rectal mucosa was incised circumferentially using cautery, to perform rectal dissection approximately 1.5 cm from the dentate line, except in newborn case, in which the proximal cut edge was 0.5 cm from the dentate line. The dissection extended in an upward direction around the entire rectal circumference as far as the opening of the peritoneal reflection. The full thickness of rectum and sigmoid were mobilized outside through the anus, with division and coagulation of the rectal and sigmoid vessels using cautery or ligatures with @entity2708 4-0. The dissected colon then was divided above the transition zone, which was confirmed via full-thickness biopsy sections and with frozen section confirmation of ganglion cell presence. The authors performed a modified Swenson anastomosis technique, using a seromuscular polyglactin 4-0 separate-stitch suture. No drains were used. RESULTS: Normal bowel movements were displayed by all @entity1 at the follow-up. All @entity1 underwent a defecogram and anorectal computerized manometry at 3 months after surgery that showed an @entity850 and good anorectal sphincter muscle complex function. The incidence of complications in our series was 10%. CONCLUSIONS: During the follow-up period of 29 months, all @entity1 had normal bowel movements and normal anorectal manometric pressure profiles.

title: Modified transanal rectosigmoidectomy for XXXX : clinical and manometric results in the initial 20 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hirschsprung's disease"]

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['absence of stenosis']

answer: @entity1963 :: (MESH:D006627,Disease) :: ['Hirschsprung's disease']


abstract: @entity35 were sleep deprived by the platform method to look for differential effects on light and deep slow wave sleep depending on platform size. Diameters of large and small platforms were 15 cm and 5.1 cm respectively. Sleep was recorded during a baseline light period (09.00-19.00 h), continuously during 48 h of @entity1949 and during the first lights on recovery period (09.00-19.00 h). In both platform conditions REM sleep was virtually abolished during the first light period (hours 0-10 of @entity1949 ), while NREM sleep was reduced to approximately half of control values. During the second light period (hours 22-34 of @entity1949 ) REM sleep recovered somewhat in the large platform group. Light slow wave sleep ( @entity1807 -1) was comparable to baseline while deep slow wave sleep ( @entity1807 -2) was still significantly reduced. In the small platform group both @entity1949 was considerably reduced on day 2. Over the whole deprivation period there was an effect of platform size on @entity1807 -1 (higher in the small platform group), and on @entity1949 (lower in the small platform group). During the 9 h light-time recovery sleep there was an REM sleep rebound in both groups. @entity1807 -1 was reduced in both groups while @entity1807 -2 was not significantly increased. The ratio @entity1807 -2/ @entity1807 -1 was, however, significantly increased only in the small platform group recovery sleep. The results suggest that platform @entity1949 deprives the animals of deep slow wave sleep in addition to REM sleep. This has implications for conclusions on REM sleep function based upon @entity1949 .

title: Platform XXXX affects deep slow wave sleep in addition to REM sleep.

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['sleep deprivation', 'SWS-2 and REM sleep', 'REM sleep deprivation']

answer: @entity1949 :: (MESH:D012892,Disease) :: ['sleep deprivation']


abstract: The left ventricular (LV) posterior wall in @entity1 with @entity14087 or prior @entity583 ( @entity583 ) frequently demonstrates normal or supernormal motion to compensate for hypokinesis of the interventricular septum. This study evaluated the systolic motion velocity of the posterior wall in these conditions using a pulsed tissue Doppler imaging system. The study population consisted of 30 @entity1 with @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ) and @entity14087 , 25 with prior @entity583 and 30 normal controls. The systolic excursion of the posterior wall was obtained by M-mode echocardiography. The endocardial motion velocities of the posterior wall were obtained by pulsed tissue Doppler imaging. The systolic excursion of the posterior wall was significantly greater in the @entity583 and @entity1121 groups than in the control group, and was significantly greater in the @entity583 group than in the @entity1121 group. The peak systolic velocity of the posterior wall was significantly lower in the @entity1121 group than in the control and @entity583 groups, and the time from the electrocardiographic Q wave to the peak of the systolic wave of the posterior wall was significantly longer in the @entity1121 group than in the other groups. There were rough negative and positive correlations between the LV end-diastolic pressure and the peak systolic velocity and time from the Q wave to the peak of the systolic wave, respectively. In conclusion, LV myocardial contractility in @entity1121 @entity1 was impaired when compared to @entity583 @entity1 despite similar posterior wall motion on the M-mode echocardiogram. Pulsed tissue Doppler imaging method may provide new insights and allow further evaluation of @entity296 .

title: Difference in systolic motion velocity of the left ventricular posterior wall in XXXX with @entity14087 and prior @entity583 . Evaluation by pulsed tissue Doppler imaging.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['anteroseptal myocardial infarction', 'A-MI']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy', 'HC']

entities_list: @entity14087 :: ('MESH:C566005', 'Disease') :: ['asymmetric septal hypertrophy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: The current recommended practice for pediatric @entity1 with metastatic @entity980 includes full-dose radiotherapy to each metastatic site. We wished to question this practice, which can cause side-effects and is often logistically challenging, by studying the pattern of failure in our pediatric and teenage @entity1 population. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Our institution's @entity5 registry was queried for @entity1 diagnosed with @entity980 aged 18 or less from January 1990 until January 2014. Twenty-nine @entity1 were found and, of these, six had @entity3 . Five of the six were treated with standard chemotherapy together with radiotherapy to the primary and metastatic sites with doses and fractionation according to the site. Progression-free survival was calculated from the end of radiotherapy until radiological or pathological evidence of disease progression  or @entity204 . RESULTS: Median age was 13 years (range: 12-18).  Three were @entity1 . All had alveolar histology and unfavorable primary sites. Twelve metastatic sites were treated with radiotherapy. Doses used were 41.4 - 50.4 Gy in 1.8 Gy fractions for most sites, and 15 Gy in 1.5 Gy fractions for whole lung radiotherapy. The median number of sites treated per @entity1 was two (range: 1 - 6). Median time to progression was 10.1 months (range: 1.9 - 15.7).  Local control was 100% for all metastatic sites. Median overall survival (OS) was 31.8 months (range: 20.4 - 95.4 months). Three @entity1 developed @entity74 outside the treated field. One @entity1 died from a secondary @entity1583 without evidence of disease progression. One @entity1 remains progression-free at 88.6 months post-radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Radiotherapy to @entity3 sites prevented in-field progression in all five @entity1 with metastatic @entity3943 . However, failure at sites outside of the radiotherapy volume occurred in three of five of @entity1 and overall survival was very poor despite aggressive treatment to all sites of disease. Radiotherapy has a role in @entity3 , although future studies evaluating dose and fractionation are needed.

title: Radiotherapy is Important for Local Control at Primary and Metastatic Sites in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3943 :: ('MESH:D018232', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancy']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

answer: @entity980 :: (MESH:D012208,Disease) :: ['Pediatric Rhabdomyosarcoma']


abstract: We evaluated the prevalence of @entity340 in @entity1 who have taken anorectic medications. Two-dimensional echocardiograms with color flow Doppler were recorded in 200 consecutive @entity1 referred to a major metropolitan hospital for evaluation of cardiac function because of a history of anorectic medication use. Each @entity1 filled out a questionnaire at the time of the visit or through telephone contact. Each echocardiogram was reviewed by 2 observers. The degree of @entity340 was graded by a consensus of both observers. Significant @entity340 was defined as at least moderate @entity339 ( @entity339 ) or at least mild @entity337 ( @entity337 ), as recommended by the Food and Drug Administration and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. For all @entity1 having taken anorectic drugs, there was a 5% prevalence of at least moderate @entity339 , a 12% prevalence of at least mild @entity337 , and a 16% prevalence of significant @entity339 and/or @entity337 . @entity1 with significant @entity337 and/or @entity339 were older than those without significant @entity340 (49+/-12 vs 44+/-11 years, p = 0.03). @entity1 with significant @entity339 and/or @entity337 had a longer exposure duration (8 vs 6 months, p = 0.049) to anorectic drugs. There was no difference in weight loss between those with and without significant regurgitation (p = NS). The 2 largest subgroups were @entity1 who took the @entity4899 - @entity21938 combination (n = 127) and those who took @entity12839 alone (n = 42). The prevalence of significant @entity339 and @entity337 was 5% and 9% for the @entity4899 - @entity21938 group and 0% and 14% for the @entity12839 group, respectively. There was also a high subthreshold level of @entity339 and @entity337 in these @entity1 .

title: Echocardiographic prevalence of mitral and/or XXXX in @entity1 exposed to either @entity4899 - @entity21938 combination or to @entity12839 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4899 :: ('MESH:D005277', 'Chemical') :: ['fenfluramine']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['MR', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity21938 :: ('MESH:D010645', 'Chemical') :: ['phentermine']

entities_list: @entity12839 :: ('MESH:D020372', 'Chemical') :: ['dexfenfluramine']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular regurgitation']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['aortic regurgitation']


abstract: Recently, we have shown that @entity1232 ( @entity1233 ) treatments increase @entity11415 mutant frequency in the liver, kidney and lung but not in other organs, and also enhance cell proliferation only in the bronchial epithelia. In the present study, organ specificity of @entity7433 induced by @entity1233 was compared to those of @entity11415 mutation and cell proliferation in Big Blue @entity19 . Male 8-week-old Big Blue @entity19 were treated with daily i.p. injections of 1 or 10 mg/kg @entity1233 for 5 days, or a single i.p. injection of 5 or 10 mg/kg @entity1233 . Except for the 10 mg/kg x 5 @entity1233 group, all animals survived until 78 weeks after the first treatment of @entity1233 . In the present study, the induction of cell proliferation in the bronchial epithelia was confirmed in a dose-dependent manner. At the termination of 78 weeks, it was histopathologically shown that the @entity1233 -treated @entity19 developed liver cell tumor in three out of seven (43%) of the 5 mg/kg group, @entity8 in three out of seven (43%) of the 1 mg/kg x 5 group, and @entity420 in one of seven (14%) of the 1 mg/kg x 5 group, although no neoplastic or preneoplastic lesions were found in the control @entity19 . Because non-transgenic C57BL/6 @entity19 are resistant to developing spontaneous liver cell and duodenal @entity5 , it was speculated that even these low doses of @entity1233 could be sufficient to initiate target cells. Our results thus suggest that organ specificity of @entity7433 by @entity1233 is in favorable agreement with that of @entity11415 mutation but not with possibly temporal cell proliferation induced by @entity1233 .

title: Comparative study on organ-specificity of @entity7433 , mutagenicity and cell proliferative activity induced by XXXX in Big Blue @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal tubule dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity7433 :: ('MESH:D002471', 'Disease') :: ['tumorigenicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1232 :: ('MESH:D004128', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylnitrosamine']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1232 :: (MESH:D004128,Chemical) :: ['dimethylnitrosamine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical experience of our center of the use of infliximab in pediatric @entity1 with @entity29 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all infliximab infusions administered in the Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit from October of 1999 to October of 2006. Fourteen @entity1 (nine with @entity30 , three with @entity31 , and two with indeterminate @entity1960 ) with a mean age of 9.6 years at diagnosis were treated with infliximab. Seventy-seven infusions were administered. RESULTS: Efficacy was analyzed according to @entity29 . @entity30 : in severe cases (PCDAI > 30), clinical remission (PCDAI < 10) was obtained in 80 % of the @entity1 at week 10, decreasing to 60 % at week 54. Corticosteroid therapy could be reduced in 89 % of the @entity1 and was discontinued in 55.5 %. @entity31 : clinical remission (modified Truelove-Witts index < 10) was initially obtained in 100 % of the @entity1 but only 33 % were still in clinical remission at the end of the study. In the two @entity228 -dependent @entity1 , corticosteroid therapy could be reduced and even discontinued in one (50 %). Indeterminate @entity1960 : neither of the two @entity1 achieved clinical remission. The most frequent adverse effects observed were acute infusional reactions (42.8 % of the @entity1 and 10.3 % of infusions), one of which was severe, and @entity281 (28.6 % of @entity1 ), one of which (ileal abscess) required surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of infliximab seems to differ considerably in the distinct types of @entity29 and is practically null in indeterminate @entity1960 . Randomized controlled studies in @entity1 are required to assess the exact efficacy of infliximab in our @entity1 .

title: [Infliximab therapy for XXXX : seven years on].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'Ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity8919 ( @entity8919 ) is a DNA-binding protein that is abundantly expressed in most tissues. Recently, @entity8919 has gained much attention for its regulation of immunity and @entity32 . Yet its role in @entity26678 ( @entity10345 )-induced @entity565 still remains poorly characterized. In this study, @entity19 were sensitized and challenged with @entity10345 to establish a @entity10345 -induced @entity565 model. An IgY anti- @entity8919 antibody or isotype IgY was given intraperitoneally after each challenge. Airway reactivity to @entity2710 , airway @entity32 , @entity2543 and shedding were unexpectedly aggravated after administration of the anti- @entity8919 antibody and was accompanied by increased pulmonary expression of @entity8919 , especially in those @entity19 treated with IgY. Levels of @entity58 , @entity59 , @entity1312 and @entity637 were also elevated with @entity10345 -induction. Primary lymphocytes from @entity10345 sensitized and challenged @entity19 demonstrated increased secretion of @entity58 after IgY stimulation. To confirm the effect of IgY, a cohort of @entity19 exposed to @entity10345 or vehicle was injected with IgY and the same results were observed after IgY treatment as in @entity10345 asthmatic @entity19 . Taken together, these results show that the IgY anti- @entity8919 antibody can facilitate @entity10345 -induced @entity32 . Specifically, IgY, rather than anti- @entity8919 , plays an important role in the process of exacerbated @entity565 , shedding light on an underappreciated role of avian IgY.

title: Chicken IgY facilitates @entity32 in a chemical-induced @entity19 XXXX model by potentiating @entity58 release.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['allergic airway inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial epithelial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity26678 :: ('MESH:D014051', 'Chemical') :: ['toluene diisocyanate']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment of @entity573 >= 10 days after illness onset. METHODS: We selected @entity1 initially treated with IVIG on days 11 to 20 in the database of the 20th nationwide survey in Japan. We then selected pair-matched control subjects of the same gender and age, who were initially treated with IVIG on days 4 to 8 with the same dose at the same institutions. We compared the proportions of additional treatments and @entity453 ( @entity453 ) between the groups. We also compared fractional changes in various laboratory data before and after IVIG. Fractional change was defined as follows: (Y - X)/X, in which X represents the data before treatment and Y the data after treatment. RESULTS: One hundred fifty @entity1 (75 pairs) were studied. The proportion of @entity1 who received additional treatments among those given initial IVIG after days 10 was slightly lower than those treated earlier (12% vs 16%). The fractional changes in the white blood cell count, % neutrophils, and @entity1851 were similar. Among all @entity1 , the proportions of @entity453 during the convalescent phase were significantly higher in the late than in the early group (27% vs 1%). Among @entity1 who had not developed @entity453 before initial treatment, the proportions with @entity453 during the acute phase were similar (8% vs 8%). CONCLUSIONS: IVIG treatment >= 10 days after illness onset achieves @entity32 but was found to be insufficient for preventing @entity453 .

title: Late intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['resolution of inflammation']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['Kawasaki disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CALs', 'coronary artery lesions']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity573 :: (MESH:C537014,Disease) :: ['Kawasaki disease']


abstract: Risk factors and clinical manifestations of @entity364 of the CNS were analyzed in 57 autopsied @entity1 . @entity2381 occurred in 16, @entity7553 in 27, and @entity1328 in 14. Nine of 31 variables studied showed significant difference (p less than 0.01). @entity1328 was community-acquired in 93%; whereas, @entity2381 and @entity7553 were nosocomial in more than 95%. Focal @entity51 developed in 50% with CNS @entity2381 , but in only 4% with @entity7553 . Meningeal signs occurred in 86% with CNS @entity1328 , but in only 6% with @entity2381 and 7% with @entity7553 . Discriminant analysis demonstrated that CNS @entity2381 was most frequently a @entity580 with focal @entity51 , @entity358 , and hypercortisolemia. @entity1328 was generally a non- @entity580 with meningeal signs presenting in an ambulatory population. CNS @entity7553 was a clinically occult nosocomial @entity364 with generally no deficits or meningismus, occurring most frequently in the neonate, the elderly, and surgical @entity1 . The discriminant functions, which correctly classified 91% of these CNS @entity364 , may be applicable in clinical diagnosis.

title: @entity364 of the central nervous system: comparative analysis of risk factors and clinical signs in 57 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7553 :: ('MESH:D002177', 'Disease') :: ['candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['aspergillosis', 'Aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections', 'fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infiltrates']

entities_list: @entity1328 :: ('MESH:D003453', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcosis', 'Cryptococcosis']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 263 Background: Preclinical studies suggested that @entity1749 (B) enhanced the activity of @entity136 and @entity632 (GA) in @entity189 ; thus we sought to define possible combinations of @entity1749 with this doublet. We employed a novel phase I trial design systematically exploring doses in 2 dimensions. The method estimates an isotoxic curve allowing not only a combination with approximately equal (with respect to single component MTD) contributions of the two components to be found, but also combinations emphasizing one component or the other. METHODS: Since 11/06, 74 @entity1 with previously treated @entity5 were enrolled (70 @entity189 , 3 prostate, 1 renal). GA was treated as a single component and given in a fixed ratio to a maximum of 900 and 50 mg/m(2), and B to a maximal dose of 1.6 mg/m2 IV, with dosing every 14 days. After determining the MTD along the diagonal, we then decreased the dose of B, increasing GA, and vice versa, exploring doses along an isotoxic curve aiming for <=  30% dose limiting @entity137 (DLT) in cycle 1. The objective response rate (ORR) includes PR or CR, and excludes SD. RESULTS: The MTD along the diagonal for GAB was 756, 42, and 1.4 mg/m(2), respectively. Doses maximizing the GA (900, 50) required reduction of B to 1.2 mg/m(2). Likewise, doses maximizing B (1.6) required reduction of GA to 559 and 33 mg/m2. The most common DLT were @entity882 14%, @entity221 5%, and @entity33 1%. There was minimal activity at the on-diagonal MTD with an ORR 1/10. Of the tolerable doses along the isotoxic curve, the greatest activity was seen when maximizing B (1.5-1.6 mg/m2, ORR 7/12 (58%)). The ORR when maximizing GA was 4/10. The most frequent >=  G3 toxicities include: @entity882 (26%), @entity1398 (26%), @entity417 (24%), @entity1295 (8%), and @entity221 or @entity281 (12%). Treatment was tolerable in poor renal function; 36 @entity1 (49%) had a GFR < 50 ml/min. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of GAB has promising activity at doses maximizing proteosome inhibition, despite relatively low doses of GA. Traditional phase I design dosing to the MTD "along the diagonal" would have lead to the incorrect conclusion that there was minimal activity. CLINICAL TRIAL INFORMATION: NCT00479128.

title: A novel phase I trial design featuring a two-dimensional dose-finding algorithm optimizing the dose of @entity136 and XXXX with @entity1749 in metastatic @entity189 ( @entity189 ).

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: @entity19486 (Hy) has shown great promise as a @entity39 -avid agent in @entity5 imaging and therapy. Given the highly hydrophobic and   -conjugated planarity characteristics, Hy tends to form aggregates. To investigate the effect of aggregation on targeting biodistribution, nonaggregated formulation (Non-Ag), aggregated formulation with overconcentrated Hy in @entity3733 (Ag- @entity3733 ) solution, and aggregated formulation in water solution (Ag-water) were selected by fluorescence measurement. They were labeled with (131) I and evaluated for the @entity39 affinity in @entity35 model of reperfused @entity99 by gamma counting and autoradiography. The radioactivity ratio of necrotic liver/normal liver was 17.1, 7.9, and 6.4 for Non-Ag, Ag-DMSO, and Ag-water, respectively. The accumulation of two aggregated formulations (Ag- @entity3733 and Ag-water) in organs of mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) was 2.62    0.22 and 3.96    0.30 %ID/g in the lung, and 1.44    0.29 and 1.51    0.23 %ID/g in the spleen, respectively. The biodistribution detected by autoradiography showed the same trend as by gamma counting. In conclusion, the Non-Ag showed better targeting biodistribution and less accumulation in MPS organs than aggregated formulations of Hy. The two aggregated formulations showed significantly lower and higher accumulation in targeting organ and MPS organs, respectively.    2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 104:215-222, 2015.

title: Evaluation of XXXX : effect of aggregation on targeting biodistribution.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulfoxide', 'DMSO']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic infarction']

entities_list: @entity19486 :: ('MESH:C004965', 'Chemical') :: ['Hypericin']

answer: @entity19486 :: (MESH:C004965,Chemical) :: ['hypericin']


abstract: @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ) induces genes that are highly expressed during late embryogenesis, but suppresses @entity15150 (GA)-responsive genes essential for seed germination and seedling growth. Promoter elements necessary and sufficient for ABA up- and down-regulation of gene expression have been previously defined in @entity2247 aleurone layers. We have studied the effect of a protein phosphatase 2C, @entity22435 , an ABA-inducible protein kinase, PKABA1, and a transcription factor, VP1, on ABA action in a @entity2247 aleurone transient expression system. The observations have allowed us to dissect ABA signal transduction pathways leading to either induction or suppression of gene expression. The ABA induction of embryogenesis genes is highly inhibited in the presence of a mutated protein phosphatase 2C, encoded by the @entity22435 -1 dominant mutant gene that is known to block ABA responses in @entity958 . However, the @entity22435 -1 gene product has no effect on the ABA suppression of a GA-responsive alpha-amylase gene. On the other hand, PKABA1 suppresses the expression of alpha-amylase genes, but has little effect on ABA up-regulated genes. Therefore, it appears that ABA induction and suppression follow two separate signal transduction pathways with the former inhibited by @entity22435 and the latter modulated by PKABA1. The presence of VP1 enhances the ABA induction of late embryogenesis genes, but also suppresses germination specific genes. A schematic model based on these observations is presented to explain the effect of these regulatory proteins on ABA-mediated gene expression.

title: Dissection of abscisic acid signal transduction pathways in XXXX aleurone layers.

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['Abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity15150 :: ('CHEBI:28833', 'Chemical') :: ['gibberellin']

answer: @entity2247 :: (4513,Species) :: ['barley']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare long-term outcomes after myectomy and @entity285 septal ablation (ASA) in @entity1 with @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ). BACKGROUND: Surgical myectomy and ASA are both accepted treatment options for medical therapy-resistant obstructive @entity1121 . Previous meta-analyses only evaluated short-term outcomes. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted for eligible studies with a follow-up of at least 3 years. Primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and (aborted) @entity1164 ( @entity1164 ). Secondary outcomes were periprocedural complications, left ventricular outflow tract gradient, and New York Heart Association functional class after  >= 3 months, and reintervention. Pooled estimates were calculated using a random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS: Sixteen myectomy cohorts (n = 2,791; mean follow-up, 7.4 years) and 11 ASA cohorts (n = 2,013; mean follow-up, 6.2 years) were included. Long-term mortality was found to be similarly low after ASA (1.5% per year) compared with myectomy (1.4% per year, p  = 0.78). The rate of (aborted) @entity1164 , including appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator shocks, was 0.4% per year after ASA and 0.5% per year after myectomy (p  = 0.47). Permanent pacemaker implantation was performed after ASA in 10% of the @entity1 compared with 4.4% after myectomy (p  < 0.001). Reintervention was performed in 7.7% of the @entity1 who underwent ASA compared with 1.6% after myectomy (p  = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term mortality and (aborted) @entity1164 rates after ASA and myectomy are similarly low. @entity1 who  undergo ASA have more than twice the risk of permanent pacemaker implantation and a 5 times higher risk of the need for additional septal reduction therapy compared with those who undergo myectomy.

title: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of  Long-Term Outcomes After Septal Reduction Therapy in @entity1 With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCM', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death', 'SCD']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: According to the very limited @entity5 registry, incidence and mortality rates for female @entity0 in China are regarded to be increasing especially in the metropolitan areas. Representative data on the @entity0 profile of Chinese @entity1 and its time trend over years are relatively rare. The aims of the current study are to illustrate the @entity0 profile of Chinese @entity1 in time span and to explore the current treatment approaches to female @entity0 . METHODS: This was a hospital-based nation-wide and multi-center retrospective study of female primary @entity0 cases. China was divided into 7 regions according to the geographic distribution; from each region, one tertiary hospital was selected. With the exception of January and February, one month was randomly selected to represent each year from year 1999 to 2008 at every hospital. All inpatient cases within the selected month were reviewed and related information was collected based on the designed @entity7495 ( @entity7495 ). The @entity5 Hospital/Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CICAMS) was the leading hospital in this study. RESULTS: Four-thousand two-hundred and eleven cases were randomly selected from the total pool of 45,200 @entity1 and were included in the analysis. The mean age at diagnosis was 48.7 years (s.d. = 10.5 yrs) and @entity0 peaked in age group 40-49 yrs (38.6%). The most common subtype was infiltrating @entity513 (86.5%). Clinical stage I _ II accounted for 60.6% of 4,211 @entity1 . Three-thousand five-hundred and thirty-four cases had @entity172 receptor (ER) and @entity1871 receptor (PR) tests, among them, 47.9% were positive for both. Two-thousand eight-hundred and forty-nine cases had @entity1 @entity1722 ( @entity1722 ) tests, 25.8% of them were @entity1722 positive. Among all treatment options, surgery (96.9% (4,078/4,211)) was predominant, followed by chemotherapy (81.4% (3,428/4,211). Much less @entity1 underwent radiotherapy (22.6% (952/4,211)) and endocrine therapy (38.0% (1,599/4,211)). CONCLUSIONS: The younger age of @entity0 onset among Chinese @entity1 and more advanced @entity5 stages pose a great challenge. Adjuvant therapy, especially radiotherapy and endocrine therapy are of great unmet needs.

title: A nation-wide multicenter 10-year (1999-2008) retrospective clinical epidemiological study of female XXXX in China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['progestin']

entities_list: @entity7495 :: ('MESH:D017825', 'Disease') :: ['CRF', 'case report form']

entities_list: @entity1722 :: ('2064', 'Gene') :: ['HER-2', 'epidermal growth factor receptor 2']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: A 70-year-old female was operated on for extradural @entity4097 in 1982. Microscopic examination revealed the @entity5 as @entity1823 . @entity5 recurred at paravertebral twice in 1985 and 1989, and they were also resected. In 1995, her chest X-ray film showed round @entity5 in the right upper field. Exploratory open lung biopsy was performed in 1996, and right upper lobectomy was performed according to for @entity2 because intra-operative microscopic findings showed @entity4303 or lung metastasis of @entity1823 . @entity5 at paravertebral was resected at the same time. Postoperative microscopic examination revealed the @entity5 were same as operated @entity1823 . The 2nd thoracotomy was done in 1999, and two @entity5 and a pulmonary nodule in right S8 segment were resected. They were recurrence and pulmonary metastasis of @entity1823 . Now 18 years after initial operation, she is out of hospital in @entity5 free.

title: [Recurrence and pulmonary metastasis of extradural XXXX in thoracic vertebral canal: report of a case].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Chest wall tumor', 'chest wall tumors', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lung tumor']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity4097 :: ('MESH:D013120', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord tumor']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['paraganglioma']

answer: @entity1823 :: (MESH:D010235,Disease) :: ['paraganglioma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3291 are a group of benign rare @entity5 of connective-tissue origin that occur in both hard (central) and soft tissues of the body. The aim of this study is to highlight our experience in the management of central @entity3291 of the jaw, with emphasis on its clinic-epidemiologic features as seen in our environment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All @entity1 who were managed for central @entity3291 of the jaw at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery department of a regional University Teaching Hospital between September 1997 and October 2015 were retrospectively studied. Details sourced included age, sex, site of @entity5 , duration, signs/symptoms, treatment given, and complications. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and Microsoft Excel 2007 (Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA). Results from descriptive statistics were represented in the form of tables and charts, with a test for significance (  ) using Pearson Chi-square (  (2)) set at 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 16 @entity1 were managed within the period reviewed, consisting of 10 (62.5%) females and six (37.5%) males, giving a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.7. The ages of @entity1 ranged from 5 to 70 years, with a mean of 27.06  15.45 years. The mandible accounted for nine (56.3%) cases and the maxilla for six (37.5%) cases, while a combination of the maxilla and the zygoma were involved in one (6.3%) case. Bucco-lingual or bucco-palatal expansion were the most common presentation (six [46.2%] cases each). Histological assessment of tissue specimens showed that @entity81 accounted for seven (43.8%) cases, while the remaining nine (56.3%) cases were diagnosed as @entity3291 . All @entity1 had jaw resections, and these consisted of mandibulectomies in nine (60.0%) @entity1 and maxillectomies in six (40.0%) @entity1 . The duration of hospital stay ranged from 5 to 29 days, with a mean of 17.86  7.68 days. Complications were noted in three @entity1 , and all were surgical wound @entity281 . CONCLUSION: Most @entity1 in our environment present late with large @entity5 and are usually not compliant with follow-up review. Thus, a radical approach is favored in most @entity1 .

title: Central XXXX of the Jaws: A Clinico-Epidemiologic Review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3291 :: ('MESH:D009232', 'Disease') :: ['Myxomas', 'myxoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyxoma']

answer: @entity81 :: (MESH:D005350,Disease) :: ['Myxoma / Myxofibroma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 201 Background: Various schedules of palliative radiotherapy (pRT) are prescribed for @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 . Length of treatment can vary from a single day to three weeks. Single fraction pRT provides similar @entity158 relief vs. multi-fraction pRT for bone metastases, but retreatment rates are higher. In the era of targeted and hormonal therapy, @entity1 with @entity0 can survive many years after their initial diagnosis. We investigated whether @entity1 with @entity0 who were prescribed single fraction pRT had poorer prognoses and experienced shorter survival than @entity1 who were prescribed multi-fraction pRT. METHODS: @entity1 at a single institution with @entity0 underwent pRT, with fractionation schedules including 8 Gy in 1 fraction (fx), 20 Gy in 5 fx, 30 Gy in 10 fx, 37.5 Gy in 15 fx between 2001-2015. 392 treatments were prescribed (109/241/29/13 in each regimen as above). Date of @entity204 was obtained from medical records, Social Security Death Index, or published obituaries. @entity1 who were alive or whose date of @entity204 could not be determined were censored at the date of their last encounter. Survival was calculated from the start of treatment to the date of @entity204 or censorship. RESULTS: @entity1 treated with 37.5 Gy in 15 fx ( @entity15 20 months, p = 0.002) or 30 Gy in 10 fx ( @entity15 22 months, p = 0.03) experienced longer survival than @entity1 treated with 8 Gy in 1 fx ( @entity15 8 months). There was no significant survival difference between @entity1 treated with 20 Gy in 5 fx ( @entity15 18 months, p = 0.49) and @entity1 treated with 8 Gy in 1 fx. There was no significant survival difference between @entity1 treated by the three multi-fractionation schedules. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 @entity1 who were prescribed 37.5 Gy and 30 Gy lived longer than @entity1 who were prescribed 8 Gy of pRT. No statistically significant difference was found between @entity1 who were prescribed 20 Gy compared to 8 Gy, possibly due to the lower number of @entity1 who received these regimens. Single fraction pRT was more likely to be prescribed to @entity1 who would ultimately have shorter survival. More research is needed, ideally across multiple institutions, to explore the correlation between physician estimation of @entity1 survival and selection of pRT regimen for @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: Fractionation of palliative radiotherapy in XXXX : Selection and survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic breast cancer', 'MBC']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['metastatic breast cancer']


abstract: The extent of reduction in selected microorganisms was tested during both aerobic wastewater treatment and anaerobic digestion of sludge at the wastewater treatment plant in Ottawa to compare the removal of two encysted pathogenic protozoa with that of microbial indicators. Samples collected included the raw wastewater, the primary effluent, the treated wastewater, the mixed sludge, the decanted liquor, and the cake. All of the raw sewage samples were positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts and @entity45 , as well as for the other microorganisms tested. During aerobic wastewater treatment (excluding the anaerobic sludge digestion), Cryptosporidium and Giardia were reduced by 2.96 log10 and 1.40 log10, respectively. @entity3168 spores, @entity3168 total counts, somatic coliphages, and heterotrophic bacteria were reduced by approximately 0.89 log10, 0.96 log10, 1.58 log10, and 2.02 log10, respectively. All of the other microorganisms were reduced by at least 3.53 log10. Sludge samples from the plant were found to contain variable densities of microorganisms. Variability in microbial concentrations was sometimes great between samples, stressing the importance of collecting a large number of samples over a long period of time. In all cases, the bacterial concentrations in the cake (dewatered biosolids) samples were high even if reductions in numbers were observed with some bacteria. During anaerobic sludge digestion, no statistically significant reduction was observed for @entity3168 , Enterococcus sp., Cryptosporidium oocysts, and @entity45 . A 1-2 log10 reduction was observed with @entity1241 . However, the method utilized to detect the protozoan parasites does not differentiate between viable and nonviable organisms. On the other hand, total coliforms and somatic coliphages were reduced by 0.35 log10 and 0.09 log10, respectively. These results demonstrate the relative persistence of the protozoa in sewage sludge during wastewater treatment.

title: Fate of Cryptosporidium oocysts, XXXX , and microbial indicators during wastewater treatment and anaerobic sludge digestion.

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal coliforms and heterotrophic bacteria']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['Giardia cysts']

entities_list: @entity3168 :: ('1502', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium perfringens']

answer: @entity45 :: (MESH:D010181,Disease) :: ['Giardia cysts']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity2318 is a permanent sequela that may be induced by improper management of active @entity75 , @entity1 behavior patterns and @entity3596 regarding acne are unclear. The aim of this study was to identify @entity3596 and behavioral patterns concerning acne and @entity2318 of @entity1 having acne and differences between those with and without @entity2318 . METHODS: The survey was performed via smartphone application for 900 @entity1 in their second to fourth decade having current or previous @entity75 . They were further categorized into two groups based on the presence of @entity2318 (scar and scarless groups) with no statistical difference in demographic composition. RESULTS: The mean age of all @entity1 was 24.6      5.3. The scar group had a longer disease duration (4.9  years) than those of the scarless group (2.2  years). @entity1 in the scar group thought that acne scarring affected psychosocial aspects more negatively compared with those in the scarless group. @entity1 in the scarless group visited dermatology clinics earlier than those in the scar group. In the scar group, 62.1% of @entity1 have never had their @entity2318 treated medically. Most (88.6%) @entity1 from both groups believed that non-dermatologic treatment caused side effects or aggravated their acne. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity2318 tended to treat their acne and @entity2318 improperly, which could negatively affect their daily lives. Acne scars are sequelae of acne and should be regarded as a distinct disease entity, requiring a @entity1 's early visit to dermatologic clinics.

title: Cross-sectional survey of @entity3596 and behavioral pattern regarding acne and XXXX based on smartphone application.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['acne lesions', 'acne lesion']

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['acne scars', 'acne scar']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity3596 :: ('MESH:D058926', 'Disease') :: ['awareness']

answer: @entity2318 :: (MESH:D002921,Disease) :: ['acne scar']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The management of @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) of the esophagus is controversial with some clinicians advocating non-operative ablation or surveillance. Minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) allows re-section of the esophagus and may minimize morbidity. This report summarizes our experience with MIE for @entity1893 . METHODS: A retrospective review of 28 @entity1 who underwent MIE for a pre-operative diagnosis of @entity1893 . MIE initially involved a laparoscopic transhiatal approach (n=1), but subsequently evolved to laparoscopy with VATS mobilization (n=27) of the esophagus. RESULTS: From August 1996 to March 2001, 28 @entity1 underwent MIE. There were 23 males and five females; median age was 61 (40-78) years. Median hospital stay was 5 (3-20) days and ICU stay was 1 (1-20) day. One @entity1 required conversion to laparotomy because of dense adhesions. There were ten other @entity1 who had successful MIE despite prior laparotomy. Median operating time was 8 (5.8-13) h. One @entity204 occurred from @entity295 , @entity55 and multi-system organ failure. Complications occurred in 15 @entity1 . In addition to the @entity1 who died, five re-operations were required for: small bowel perforation (n=1), jejunostomy leak (n=1), pyloric dilation for @entity1084 (n=1), cholecystectomy (n=1), incision and drainage of an @entity6177 (n=1). Final pathologies were @entity1893 (n=17), in situ @entity5 (n=6) and invasive @entity5 (n=5). At a median follow-up of 13 (2-41) months all hospital survivors are alive and free of disease. CONCLUSIONS: This report confirms the risk of @entity5 in @entity1 with @entity1893 (39% in this series) supporting the recommendation for esophagectomy. MIE can be performed with acceptable results and may minimize morbidity compared to previous reports of open esophagectomy for @entity1893 .

title: Outcomes of minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) for XXXX of the esophagus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['occult cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal abscess']

entities_list: @entity1084 :: ('MESH:D017219', 'Disease') :: ['gastric outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['HGD', 'high-grade dysplasia']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['high-grade dysplasia']


abstract: 1. @entity27402 channels are activated by extracellular @entity855 . Despite being commonly described as non-desensitizing, @entity27402 receptors do desensitize or inactivate. In the unspliced, 472 @entity535 isoform of the @entity27402 receptor, inactivation required membrane disruption and the presence of extracellular @entity141 . 2. The ability to inactivate whole-cell currents developed slowly after breaking in. In contrast, currents from excised patches exhibited rapid (approximately 100 ms) inactivation with a dependence on extracellular @entity141 , @entity855 and voltage. 3. The inactivation rate increased with the fourth power of [ @entity141 ] suggesting that the functional channel may be a tetramer. @entity141 had both a higher affinity and a larger Hill coefficient for inactivation than @entity1025 , @entity8594 or @entity3281 . Trivalent cations at concentrations up to the solubility product of @entity855 had no effect. The change in apparent co-operativity with ionic species suggests the presence of experimentally unresolved ligand-insensitive kinetic steps. 4. Based on the weak voltage dependence of inactivation and the lack of effect of intracellular @entity141 buffers, the @entity141 -binding sites are probably located near the extracellular surface of the membrane. 5. The recovery from inactivation was slow, with a time constant of approximately 7 min. 6. @entity141 -sensitive inactivation only appeared when the membrane was disrupted in some manner. Treatment with actin and microtubule reagents did not induce inactivation, suggesting that an intact cytoskeleton is not necessary. 7. Inactivation rates observed in different patch configurations suggest that the induction of @entity141 -dependent inactivation was due to the loss of a diffusible cofactor located in the membrane or the cytoplasm.

title: Inactivation of XXXX purinoceptors by divalent cations.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity27402 :: (22953,Gene) :: ['P2X2']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of intravenous iloprost on @entity120 ( @entity120 ) in @entity1 undergoing congenital heart surgery. METHODS: In this prospective, randomized study, the study group (n = 15) received a continuous infusion of iloprost (2.0 ng/kg/min) that was delivered immediately after weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass and continued for 72 h postoperatively. @entity1 in the control group (n = 12) were managed conventionally. The groups were compared in terms of postoperative data, including systolic and mean pulmonary artery (PA) pressures, PA/systemic pressure ratio, @entity880 level, @entity120 crisis, ventilation time, reintubation and lengths of @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) and hospital stay. Transthoracic echocardiography was used to assess PA pressures at 1 day, 7 days and 30 days after surgery. RESULTS: No mortality occurred. @entity120 crisis occurred in 2 (16.6%) @entity1 in the control group and 4 (26.7%) @entity1 in the study group (P = 0.53). Postoperative PA pressures and PA/systemic pressure ratios were similar between the groups (P > 0.05). The durations of @entity1213 (P = 0.40) and hospital (P = 0.98) stays were similar between the groups. Echocardiographic studies demonstrated a significant @entity551 in the control (P = 0.001) and study (P = 0.0001) groups. However, no significant change was observed between the groups (P > 0.05). The Tukey multiple comparison test showed a significant decrease in PA pressures at each follow-up in both groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous iloprost demonstrated no additional benefit over the conventional management of @entity1 with @entity120 after repair of @entity4615 . Clinicians may prefer other alternative agents in @entity1 with a high risk of @entity120 crisis.

title: The effect of intravenous iloprost on XXXX after paediatric congenital heart surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['PAH', 'pulmonary artery hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4615 :: ('MESH:C538262', 'Disease') :: ['intracardiac defects']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['intensive care unit', 'ICU']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in postoperative PA pressures']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['pulmonary artery hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between @entity425 and @entity16 and @entity236 ( @entity236 ) in the patellofemoral joint (PFJ) and if this relationship is modified by @entity12352 . METHODS: The Multicenter @entity571 Study is a cohort study of @entity1 ages 50-79 years with or at risk of @entity626 . Concentric knee extensor strength was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. @entity12352 was measured using the Insall-Salvati ratio (ISR) on the lateral radiograph, and @entity16 and @entity236 were graded on magnetic resonance imaging in the PFJ. We determined the association between @entity425 with @entity16 and @entity236 in the PFJ among knees with (ISR >= 1.2) and without (ISR <1.2) @entity12352 using multiple binomial regression. RESULTS: A total of 807 knees were studied (mean age 62 years, body mass index 30 kg/m(2) , ISR 1.10) and 64% were from @entity1 . Compared with the knees in the highest strength tertile, those in the lowest had 10.2% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 3, 18), 9.1% (95% CI 2, 16), and 7.1% (95% CI 1, 13) higher prevalence of lateral PFJ @entity16 , medial PFJ @entity16 , and lateral PFJ @entity236 , respectively. The association between @entity425 with @entity16 and @entity236 was not different between knees with and without @entity12352 in the lateral PFJ. CONCLUSION: @entity425 was associated with PFJ @entity16 and @entity236 . While both @entity12352 and @entity425 were associated with PFJ damage, the combination of the two was not associated with more damage than either of these factors alone.

title: @entity425 , XXXX , and structural features of patellofemoral osteoarthritis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage damage']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['Quadriceps weakness', 'quadriceps weakness']

entities_list: @entity12352 :: ('MESH:C535568', 'Disease') :: ['patella alta', 'Patella alta']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow lesions', 'BMLs']

answer: @entity12352 :: (MESH:C535568,Disease) :: ['patella alta']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early diagnosis of @entity0 treatment-related @entity4269 (BCRL) is of great importance for longstanding treatment results. Tissue dielectric constant (TDC) and bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) both have a potential for early diagnosis, but have not been compared. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred @entity1 , treated for @entity0 with breast surgery, axillary dissection, and radiotherapy, were examined within one year after @entity0 treatment, as part of the follow-up procedure. Affected/at-risk and contralateral arms were measured with the TDC technique specific to localized skin water content and the BIS technique assessing arm extracellular fluid (ECF). Thirty-eight @entity1 were clinically diagnosed for @entity4269 (38.0%). The sensitivity and specificity for the TDC method were 65.8% and 83.9%, and for BIS method 42.1% and 93.5%, (p<0.001 and NS), respectively. Of all @entity4269 , 18.4% were detected only by TDC and 2.6% by BIS. Affected arm to contralateral arm TDC ratios for upper arm and forearm, 1.56  0.49 and 1.28  0.33, demonstrating the localized feature of the TDC measurements were significantly greater than the BIS arm ratio 1.12  0.12 (both p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Discrepancies between TDC and BIS techniques in assessing @entity4269 are related to different measurement techniques and assessed tissue water components. Independently of selected technique-specific threshold limit, the TDC technique was more sensitive than the BIS technique in the early assessment of BCRL and demonstrated that nearly 20% of early @entity4269 are only superficially localized. The results further supported the complementary role of TDC and arm volume measurements as a highly diagnostic method for early @entity4269 .

title: Experimental and Analytical Comparisons of Tissue Dielectric Constant (TDC) and Bioimpedance Spectroscopy (BIS) in Assessment of Early Arm Lymphedema in XXXX @entity1 after Axillary Surgery and Radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Uterine @entity2909 ( @entity2909 ) are benign smooth @entity11090 commonly found among reproductive-aged @entity1 . Though benign, these @entity5 are the leading indication for hysterectomies in the United States and cause significant morbidity. Despite the importance of this @entity5 in @entity1 's health, relatively little is known about the molecular etiology. METHODS: In this study, we used the Affymetrix 100K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip to assess whether the pattern and frequency of genome-wide loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and copy number amplifications is associated with clinical heterogeneity. RESULTS: Thirty-seven @entity5 with varying sizes and histology from eleven @entity1 were analyzed. LOH was observed in 4/37 @entity5 (10.8%) and significantly associated with large-sized @entity5 (p<0.0014). Two @entity5 revealed hemizygosity on chromosome 7q, a region that has been consistently reported to have LOH. Additionally, we detected one novel region of LOH, 16p13.11 in one @entity5 (2.7%). Copy number amplifications were observed on all chromosomes; however, most were low-level amplifications and only detected in a @entity5 . One region of amplification at 3p26.3 was detected in four @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Despite the use of a high-density SNP platform, our results suggest that genome-wide LOH and copy number amplifications are infrequent events and generally do not determine clinical and histologic characteristics of this disease.

title: Genome-wide analysis of loss of heterozygosity and copy number amplification in uterine XXXX using the 100K single nucleotide polymorphism array.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyomas', 'fibroids']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'single tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11090 :: ('MESH:D019042', 'Disease') :: ['muscle tumors']

answer: @entity2909 :: (MESH:D007889,Disease) :: ['leiomyomas']


abstract: During @entity2858 reverse transcription, there are increasing opportunities for nucleos(t)ide (NRTI) or non- @entity2353 (NNRTI) reverse transcriptase inhibitors to stop elongation of the nascent viral DNA. In addition, @entity138 inhibitors appear to influence the kinetics of vDNA synthesis differently. While cell-free kinetic inhibition constants have provided detailed mechanistic insight, these assays are dependent on experimental conditions that may not mimic the cellular milieu. Here we describe a novel cell-based strategy to provide a measure of the intrinsic inhibition efficiencies of clinically relevant @entity138 inhibitors on a per-stop-site basis. To better compare inhibition efficiencies among @entity2858 @entity138 inhibitors that can stop reverse transcription at any number of different stop sites, their basic probability, p, of getting stopped at any potential stop site was determined. A relationship between qPCR-derived EC50 values and this basic probability, p, enabled determination of p by successive approximation. On a per-stop-site basis, @entity15833 (TFV) exhibited 1.4-fold greater inhibition efficiency than @entity15832 (FTC), and as a class, both NRTIs exhibited an 8- to 11-fold greater efficiency than efavirenz (EFV). However, as more potential stops-sites were considered, the probability of reverse transcription failing to reach the end of the template approached equivalence between both classes of @entity138 inhibitors. Overall, this novel strategy provides a quantitative measure of the intrinsic inhibition efficiencies of @entity138 inhibitors in the natural cellular milieu and thus may further understanding of drug efficacy. This approach also has applicability for understanding the impact of viral polymerase-based inhibitors (alone or in combination) in other virus systems.

title: A Cell-Based Strategy to Assess Intrinsic Inhibition Efficiencies of XXXX Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity15832 :: ('MESH:C122114', 'Chemical') :: ['emtricitabine']

entities_list: @entity15833 :: ('MESH:C096918', 'Chemical') :: ['tenofovir']

answer: @entity2858 :: (11676,Species) :: ['HIV-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1897 ( @entity1897 ) and deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus ( @entity14243 -DBS) are available surgical options for @entity1 with medically refractory @entity6389 ( @entity6389 ). There are few data available concerning whether @entity1 who have unsatisfactory treatment effects after primary surgery benefit from a different type of subsequent surgery. The aim of this study was to assess whether combining these surgical procedures ( @entity1897 plus @entity14243 -DBS) was effective in @entity1 with unsatisfactory treatment effects after their initial surgery. METHODS: Forty-one @entity1 with medically refractory idiopathic @entity6389 underwent @entity1897 and/or @entity14243 -DBS. @entity1 who were dissatisfied with their primary surgery ( @entity1897 or @entity14243 DBS) elected to subsequently undergo a different type of surgery. These @entity1 were assessed with the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS). RESULTS: @entity1897 alone and @entity14243 -DBS alone were performed in 16 and 21 @entity1 , respectively. Four @entity1 had unsatisfactory treatment effects after the initial surgery and subsequently underwent another type of surgery. Among them, two @entity1 with persistent @entity3519 after @entity1897 subsequently underwent @entity14243 -DBS, and two other @entity1 who had insufficient treatment effects following @entity14243 -DBS were subsequently treated with @entity1897 . All of these @entity1 experienced sustained improvement from the combined surgical procedures according to the TWSTRS score during a long-term follow-up of 12-90  months. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with unsatisfactory treatment effects after an @entity1897 or @entity14243 -DBS experienced improvement from subsequently undergoing other types of surgery. Therefore, combined surgical procedures are additional surgical options with good outcomes in the treatment of @entity1 with residual symptoms after their initial surgery.

title: Effectiveness of selective peripheral denervation in combination with pallidal deep brain stimulation for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6389 :: ('MESH:D014103', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'cervical dystonia']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Selective peripheral denervation', 'SPD']

answer: @entity6389 :: (MESH:D014103,Disease) :: ['cervical dystonia']


abstract: AIMS: Smoking cessation has been suggested to increase the short-term risk of @entity6 ( @entity6 ). This study aimed at assessing the association between smoking cessation and incidence of @entity6 and impaired fasting @entity413 (IFG). METHODS: Data from @entity1 in the CoLaus study, Switzerland, aged 35-75 at baseline and followed for 5.5years were used. @entity1 were classified as smokers, recent ( <=5years), long-term (>5years) quitters, and non-smokers at baseline. Outcomes were IFG (fasting serum @entity413 (FSG) 5.6-6.99mmol/l) and @entity6 (FSG >= 7.0mmol/l and/or treatment) at follow up. RESULTS: 3,166 @entity1 (63% @entity1 ) had normal baseline FSG, of whom 26.7% were smokers, 6.5% recent quitters, and 23.5% long-term quitters. During follow-up 1,311 @entity1 (41.4%) developed IFG (33.6% @entity1 , 54.7% @entity1 ) and 47 (1.5%) developed @entity6 (1.1% @entity1 , 2.1% @entity1 ). Former smokers did not have statistically significant increased odds of IFG compared with smokers after adjustment for age, education, physical activity, @entity1007 , @entity101 and @entity285 intake, with OR of 1.29 [95% confidence interval 0.94-1.76] for recent quitters and 1.03 [0.84-1.27] for long-term quitters. Former smokers did not have significant increased odds of @entity6 compared with smokers with multivariable-adjusted OR of 1.53 [0.58-4.00] for recent quitters and 0.64 [0.27-1.48] for long-term quitters. Adjustment for body-mass index and waist circumference attenuated the association between recent quitting and IFG (OR 1.07 [0.78-1.48]) and @entity6 (OR 1.28 [0.48-3.40]. CONCLUSION: In this middle-aged population, smoking cessation was not associated with an increased risk of IFG or @entity6 .

title: Smoking cessation and the incidence of XXXX : a cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes']


abstract: Abstract Background: @entity1 @entity461 ( @entity461 ) (1-34) or teriparatide (TPTD) is an anabolic agent for @entity170 . This recombinant protein stimulates positive bone formation balance and bone remodeling. However, when concomitantly used with antiresorptive (AR) agents, previous studies reported conflicting results in their potential additive and synergistic effects on bone metabolism and @entity79 ( @entity79 ). This study aimed to integrate previous evidence to assess the effect of TPTD monotherapy and the additive effect of TPTD on AR agents in postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity170 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: This meta-analysis identified 9 RCTs from databases. To assess the therapeutic effect on @entity170 , the @entity353 ( @entity353 ) were used to pool the percentage change of @entity79 along with the 95% confidence intervals (CIs). @entity79 of 3 skeletal sites, including lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck were assessed. RESULTS: TPTD alone could significantly improve @entity79 of all 3 skeletal sites compared with placebo, although the effect on the femoral neck was less conclusive. The additive effect of TPTD over hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and denosumab ( @entity108 ) agents is evident in all 3 skeletal sites. But TPTD plus @entity561 ( @entity16292 ) did not demonstrate additive effect in total hip and femoral neck. CONCLUSIONS: TPTD alone could significantly improve @entity79 of lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck. @entity79 outcomes of concomitant use of TPTD and AR agents are site-dependent and vary depending on the specific AR agent used and the timing of AR therapy initiation.

title: Single and Combined use of @entity1 XXXX ( @entity461 ) (1-34) on Areal Bone Mineral Density (aBMD) in Postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity170 : Evidence Based on 9 RCTs.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['WMDs', 'weighted mean differences']

entities_list: @entity561 :: ('MESH:D019386', 'Chemical') :: ['Alendronate']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity461 :: (5741,Gene) :: ['Parathyroid Hormone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Among @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 who have severe @entity660 , exogenous insulin treatment is essential for controlling glycemia and reducing risks of disease-related complications and mortality. Conventional @entity1 insulin preparations are limited by their slow absorption and inability to adequately match the complex basal-bolus pattern of physiologic insulin activity. The development of insulin analogues, including premixed formulations that are designed to mimic physiologic insulin activity, has advanced @entity6 management and afforded @entity1 more convenient treatment options. Until recently, however, the benefits and harms of premixed insulin analogues had not been compared with outcomes of other insulin therapies and noninsulin oral antidiabetic agents. In 2008, under the auspices of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), a systematic comparative effectiveness review on this topic was published. OBJECTIVE: To familiarize health care professionals with the AHRQ comparative effectiveness report on premixed insulin analogues, and to offer and encourage reflections on practical applications of the systematic review findings. SUMMARY: The comparative effectiveness and safety of premixed insulin analogues vary by comparator therapies and outcomes of interest. The AHRQ systematic review indicated that premixed insulin analogues are more effective than long-acting insulin analogues in lowering postprandial @entity413 and hemoglobin A1c; however, in this comparison the premixed analogues were associated with higher rates of @entity4053 and more @entity1017 . Similar effectiveness and safety findings were obtained through the comparison of premixed insulin analogues and noninsulin antidiabetic drugs. Many comparisons did not yield firm conclusions due to a lack of studies or weak evidence.

title: AHRQ's comparative effectiveness research on premixed insulin analogues for adults with type 2 XXXX : understanding and applying the systematic review findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic Beta-cell dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4096 ( @entity4096 ) is a progressive @entity32 . Because of its inflammatory nature, several circulating markers were investigated for predicting disease progression. We aimed to investigate simple inflammatory blood markers as predictors of clinical class and disease severity in @entity1 with @entity4096 . Eighty @entity1 with @entity4096 were divided into three groups according to clinical class (grade 1, 2 and 3) and score of disease severity (mild, moderate and severe). The basic inflammatory blood markers [neutrophil, lymphocyte, mean platelet volume ( @entity6688 ), white blood cell (WBC), platelet, albumin, D-dimer, @entity2002 , @entity2002 to albumin ratio, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio] were investigated in each group. Serum neutrophil, lymphocyte, @entity6688 , platelet count, D-dimer and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio levels were similar among the groups (P>0.05). Although the serum WBC levels were significant in the clinical severity groups (P<0.05), it was useless to separate each severity class. However, albumin, @entity2002 and the @entity2002 to albumin ratio were significant predictors of clinical class and disease severity. Especially, the @entity2002 to albumin ratio was detected as an independent indicator for a clinical class and disease severity with high sensitivity and specificity (75% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity for clinical class and 90% sensitivity and 88.3% specificity for disease severity). Serum @entity2002 and albumin levels can be useful parameters to determine clinical class and disease severity in @entity1 with @entity4096 . Moreover, the @entity2002 to albumin ratio is a more sensitive and specific predictor of the progression of @entity4096 .

title: Simple blood tests as predictive markers of disease severity and clinical condition in XXXX with @entity4096 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic venous insufficiency', 'CVI']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']