abstract: Spontaneous @entity453 , which causes @entity1187 and can result in @entity944 , is rare; but its true incidence is underestimated, since most @entity1 die suddenly, without diagnosis. The aim of this study was to show the importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment. In reviewing the records of 5,000 consecutive @entity1 who underwent coronary angiography between January 2001 and August 2006, we found 6 cases of spontaneous @entity453 (an incidence rate of 0.12%). Five @entity1 presented with left main @entity453 and 1 @entity1 , with right @entity453 . Angioplasty with stenting failed in the @entity1 with right @entity453 . Coronary artery bypass surgery was performed in all @entity1 . The @entity1 with right @entity453 died of @entity295 on the 30th postoperative day. The other 5 @entity1 (83.3%) are still free of symptoms, and they had negative results on stress tests at the 6- and 12-month follow-up visits after coronary artery bypass surgery. The clinical presentation of spontaneous left main @entity453 was similar to that of @entity731 . However, early diagnosis of spontaneous @entity453 by means of coronary angiography is of paramount importance, because urgent coronary artery bypass grafting can be lifesaving.

title: Surgical management of spontaneous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery dissection']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery dissection']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: How @entity1 react to threats is a topic of broad theoretical importance, and also relevant for understanding @entity148 . Many animal threat reactions exhibit a common structure, a finding supported by @entity1 evaluations of written threat scenarios that parallel patterns of rodent defensive behavior to actual threats. Yet the factors that underlie these shared behavioral patterns remain unclear. Dimensional accounts rooted in Darwin's conception of antithesis explain many @entity146 . Across species, it is also clear that defensive reactions depend on specific situational factors, a feature long emphasized by psychological appraisal theories. Our study sought to extend prior investigations of @entity1 judgments of threat to a broader set of threats, including natural disasters, threats from animals, and psychological (as opposed to physical) threats. Our goal was to test whether dimensional and specific patterns of threat evaluation replicate across different threat classes. 85 healthy adult subjects selected descriptions of @entity146 that indicated how they would react to 29 threatening scenarios. Scenarios differed with respect to ten factors, e.g., perceived dangerousness or escapability. Across scenarios, we correlated these factor ratings with the pattern of @entity146 subjects endorsed. A decision tree hierarchically organized these correlation patterns to successfully predict each scenario's most common reaction, both for the original sample of subjects and a separate replication group (n = 22). At the top of the decision tree, degree of dangerousness interacted with threat type (physical or psychological) to predict dimensional approach/avoidance behavior. Subordinate nodes represented specific defensive responses evoked by particular contexts. Our ecological approach emphasizes the interplay of situational factors in evoking a broad range of threat reactions. Future studies could test predictions made by our results to help understand pathological threat processing, such as seen in @entity148 , and could begin to test underlying neural mechanisms.

title: Exploring the Structure of XXXX Defensive Responses from Judgments of Threat Scenarios.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['defensive behaviors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity1297 varies from 1 to 3% in different series. Skull base @entity1653 are rare. The pathogenetic role of low-dose radiation seems to be fairly well established in the oncogenesis of @entity1653 . Calvarial location and multiplicity seem to be among the distinctive features of radiation-induced @entity1653 . Skull base location is a very rare occurrence, mainly because the path of irradiation does not significantly involve this region. CASE REPORT: We describe a rare case of simultaneous occurrence of two skull base @entity1653 in a 66-year-old female. This @entity1 underwent low-dose irradiation for @entity3100 when she was 8 years old. The @entity1 complained of @entity158 , @entity809 in both hands, and progressive @entity425 on her right side. She was admitted to the hospital in September 1994. An MRI showed two masses, one located at the level of the tuberculum sellae and the other at the foramen magnum. These seemed very likely to be @entity1653 . The latter lesion, which was more symptomatic and dangerous, was operated on first. Six months later, elective treatment of the @entity1804 was performed with success. CONCLUSION: The actual role of previous head irradiation in the oncogenesis of the @entity1653 remains somewhat unclear. Proper management and judicious use of skull base surgery techniques were key factors in the successful treatment of the @entity1 .

title: XXXX : case report.

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['paresthesias']

entities_list: @entity1804 :: ('MESH:D020863', 'Disease') :: ['suprasellar meningioma']

entities_list: @entity1297 :: ('MESH:D019292', 'Disease') :: ['multiple skull base meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['present meningiomas', 'multiple meningiomas', 'meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity3100 :: ('MESH:D014006', 'Disease') :: ['tinea capitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['nuchal pain']

answer: @entity1297 :: (MESH:D019292,Disease) :: ['Multiple skull base meningioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 of parents with @entity1032 have an elevated risk of developing a range of mental health and psychosocial problems. Yet many of these @entity1 remain mentally healthy. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to get insight into factors that protect these @entity1 from developing internalizing and externalizing problems. METHODS: Several possible individual, parent- @entity1 , and family protective factors were examined cross-sectionally and longitudinally in a sample of 112 adolescents. A control group of 122 adolescents whose parents have no @entity1032 was included to explore whether the protective factors were different between adolescents with and without a parent with @entity1032 . RESULTS: Cross-sectional analyses revealed that high self-esteem and low use of passive coping strategies were related to fewer internalizing and externalizing problems. Greater self-disclosure was related to fewer internalizing problems and more parental monitoring was related to fewer externalizing problems. Active coping strategies, parental support, and family factors such as cohesion were unrelated to adolescent problem behavior. Longitudinal analyses showed that active coping, parental monitoring, and self-disclosure were protective against developing internalizing problems 2  years later. We found no protective factors for externalizing problems. Moderation analyses showed that the relationships between possible protective factors and adolescent problem behavior were not different for adolescents with and without a parent with @entity1032 . CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that adolescents' active coping strategies and parent- @entity1 communication may be promising factors to focus on in interventions aimed at preventing the development of internalizing problems by adolescents who have a parent with @entity1032 .

title: Factors Promoting Mental Health of Adolescents Who Have a Parent with XXXX : A Longitudinal Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['Mental Illness']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Tracheobronchial stenoses (TBSs) are potentially severe manifestations of @entity2883 with @entity2883 (Wegener's) (GPA) that usually respond poorly to @entity288 and immunosuppressive agents. We describe 26 GPA @entity1 with >= 1 tracheal (mainly subglottic, @entity9313 ) and/or @entity850 (ses) (BS(s)).Sixteen @entity1 had solitary @entity9313 and 10 had >= 1 BS(s). The male/female sex ratio was 9:17, and the median age at GPA diagnosis was 32 years (3:13 and 28 years, respectively, for @entity9313 patients). Antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies were proteinase 3-positive in 65.5% of the @entity1 (50% of those with @entity9313 ).Despite conventional GPA therapy, 62% @entity1 experienced >= 1 stenosis relapse(s) (81% of @entity9313 @entity1 , for a total of 1-8 relapses per @entity1 ). None of the several systemic or endoscopic treatments prevented future relapses. @entity786 induction therapy was effective in 4/6 @entity1 with BS(s) and in 1 @entity1 with @entity9313 among the 7 treated. After many relapses, rituximab achieved remission in 3/4 @entity9313 @entity1 . Endoscopic treatments (dilation, laser, @entity228 injection, etc.) had only transient efficacy. Other GPA manifestations relapsed independently of TBSs. One @entity9313 @entity1 died of acute @entity649 .Our findings confirmed that TBSs are severe GPA manifestations that evolve independently of other organ involvements and do not respond to conventional systemic regimens. As previously described, our population was younger and comprised more females than usual GPA @entity1 , especially those with @entity9313 .The small number of @entity1 and the wide variety of local and systemic treatments prevent us from drawing definitive conclusions about the contribution of each procedure. However, @entity786 seemed to effectively treat BSs, but not @entity9313 , and rituximab may be of interest for @entity9313 management.

title: Tracheobronchial Stenoses in @entity2883 With XXXX (Wegener's): A Report on 26 Cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide', 'Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['polyangiitis', 'granulomatosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial stenosis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity2883 :: (MESH:D014890,Disease) :: ['Polyangiitis']


abstract: The SLICS (Sub-axial Cervical Spine Injury Classification System) was proposed to help in the decision-making of sub-axial cervical spine trauma (SCST), even though the literature assessing its safety and efficacy is scarce. METHOD: We compared a cohort series of @entity1 surgically treated based on surgeon's preference with @entity1 treated based on the SLICS. RESULTS: From 2009-10, 12 @entity1 were included. The SLICS score ranged from 2 to 9 points (mean of 5.5). Two @entity1 had the SLICS < 4 points. From 2011-13, 28 @entity1 were included. The SLICS score ranged from 4 to 9 points (mean of 6). There was no @entity16 in any group. CONCLUSION: After using the SLICS there was a decrease in the number of @entity1 with less severe @entity130 that were treated surgically. This suggests that the SLICS can be helpful in differentiating mild from severe @entity130 , potentially improving the results of treatment.

title: Evaluation of the SLICS use in the treatment of subaxial cervical spine XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injuries']


abstract: METHODS: Members of this consensus group were selected based on individual expertise to represent a range of practical and @entity4207 experience both in terms of location in Canada and type of practice, as well as subspecialty expertise along with general gynaecology backgrounds. The consensus group reviewed all available evidence through the English and French medical literature and available data from a survey of Canadian @entity1 . Recommendations were established as consensus statements. The final document was reviewed and approved by the Executive and Council of the SOGC. RESULTS: This document provides a summary of up-to-date evidence regarding the diagnosis, investigations, and medical and surgical management of @entity1834 . The resulting recommendations may be adapted by individual health care workers when serving @entity1 who suffer from this condition. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1834 is an extremely common and sometimes debilitating condition for @entity1 of reproductive age. A multidisciplinary approach involving a combination of lifestyle, medications, and allied health services should be used to limit the impact of this condition on activities of daily living. In some circumstances, surgery is required to offer the desired relief. OUTCOMES: This guideline discusses the various options in managing @entity1834 . @entity1 information materials may be derived from these guidelines in order to educate @entity1 in terms of their options and possible risks and benefits of various treatment strategies. @entity1 who find an acceptable management strategy for this condition may benefit from an improved quality of life.

title: Primary XXXX consensus guideline.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['Dysmenorrhea', 'dysmenorrhea']

answer: @entity1834 :: (MESH:D004412,Disease) :: ['dysmenorrhea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bone marrow is a common site of @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity151 ( @entity151 ) and @entity0 ( @entity0 ). Metastatic bone marrow involvement is found in approximately 50% of @entity151 @entity1 and up to 85% of @entity0 @entity1 at autopsy. Initial @entity5 procedures detect malignant @entity236 in only 2-30% of @entity1 with these @entity5 . This study was performed to assess whether MRI can improve the detection rate of bone marrow @entity3 in @entity5 with a high incidence of skeletal involvement. METHODS: Fifty-two @entity1 with histologically verified @entity151 (25 with limited stage disease and 27 with extensive stage disease) and 33 @entity1 with @entity0 were entered into a prospective study. The MRI protocol was comprised of coronal slices in the pelvic region and sagittal slices of the whole spine utilizing a T1-weighted spin echo sequence with a field of view of 50 cm. All @entity1 underwent initial routine diagnostic @entity5 procedures including bone scintigraphy, unilateral crest biopsy, and plain film radiography of suspicious skeletal areas. RESULTS: Only in two @entity151 @entity1 , MRI was positive in 25 cases. All @entity151 @entity1 with @entity236 histologically verified, diagnosed by crest biopsy (six @entity1 ) or by bone scan (seven @entity1 ) had the correct diagnosis of @entity3 by MRI. In addition MRI revealed hypointense bone marrow foci in 14 cases. In contrast, 28 of 33 @entity0 @entity1 examined during the initial @entity5 procedure showed no evidence of bone marrow involvement. MRI was not superior compared with bone scintigraphy in @entity0 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The @entity5 results obtained in @entity151 and @entity0 @entity1 are different, although both @entity5 have a high incidence of bone marrow @entity3 . It may be assumed that the biologic behavior of these @entity5 is reflected by the initial bone marrow involvement. Because of its superiority compared with biopsy and bone scan, the authors believe MRI should become an integral part of the initial @entity5 procedures in @entity1 with @entity151 . When @entity5 @entity1 with @entity0 , MRI should be applied only in clinically indicated cases.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging to detect bone marrow @entity3 in the initial @entity5 of XXXX and @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['female breast carcinoma', 'FBC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'staging']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow lesions']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small cell lung carcinoma']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small cell lung carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Birds have a remarkable longevity for their body size despite an increased body temperature, higher metabolic rate, and increased blood @entity413 concentrations compared to most mammals. As the end-product of @entity17262 degradation, @entity414 (UA) is generated in the @entity3624 / @entity3625 reactions catalyzed by @entity3624 oxidoreductase (XOR). In the first study, Cobb   *   Cobb broilers (n   =   12; 4 weeks old) were separated into 2 treatments (n   =   6); control (CON) and @entity208 (AL) 35 mg/kg BW (ALLO). The purpose of this study was to assess mitochondrial function in broiler @entity1573 in response to potential oxidative stress generated from the administration of AL for 1   wk. There was a significant reduction in state 3 respiration (P   =   0.01) and state 4 respiration (P   =   0.007) in AL-treated birds compared to the controls. The purpose of the second study was to assess the effect of AL on gene expression of inflammatory cytokines interferon-y (IFN)-y, @entity17019 , @entity17021 , and IL-12p35, as well as inducible @entity842 synthase and XOR in liver tissue. Cobb   *   Cobb broilers were separated into two groups at 4   wk age (n   =   10); CON and ALLO. After 1   wk AL treatment, half of the birds in each group (CON 1 and ALLO 1) were euthanized while the remaining birds continued on AL treatment for an additional week (CON 2 and ALLO 2). A significant increase in gene expression of XOR, IFN-y, @entity17019 , and IL-12p35 in ALLO 2 birds as compared to birds in CON 2 was detected. Liver UA content was significantly decreased in both ALLO 1(P   =   0.003) and ALLO 2 (P   =   0.012) birds when compared to CON 1 and CON 2, respectively. The AL reduced liver UA concentrations and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines. Additional studies are needed to determine if AL causes a direct effect on mitochondria or if mitochondrial dysfunction observed in liver mitochondria was due indirectly through increased oxidative stress or @entity32 .

title: The effect of @entity208 administration on mitochondrial respiration and gene expression of @entity3624 oxidoreductase, inducible XXXX synthase, and inflammatory cytokines in selected tissues of broiler @entity1573 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['increased inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3625 :: ('MESH:D019271', 'Chemical') :: ['hypoxanthine']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The contribution of @entity842 (NO) to immune response and matrix degradation in the periodontal environment suggests a role for NO and @entity3623 ( @entity3623 ) activity in the pathogenesis of @entity205 (CsA)-induced @entity8032 ( @entity24481 ). However, current knowledge on this topic is limited to experimental animal studies. The present study was undertaken on the basis of a hypothesis whether altered @entity3542 / @entity1507 levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and @entity9554 (eNOS) and @entity3623 ( @entity3623 ) immunoreactivity in gingiva of CsA-treated @entity1 contribute to the pathogenesis of CsA-induced @entity24481 . METHODS: Twenty-four CsA-medicated renal transplant @entity1 with @entity24481 ( @entity24481 +; n = 12) or without @entity24481 ( @entity24481 -; n = 12), 10 @entity2522 , and 10 healthy subjects were included in the study. GCF samples from two proximal sites facing interdental papilla were collected, and papilla was excised. @entity3623 and eNOS were determined by immunohistochemistry. GCF @entity3542 / @entity1507 levels were analyzed based on the Griess reaction. RESULTS: Weak @entity3623 immunostaining was observed in the healthy and @entity24481 - groups. In the @entity2522 and @entity24481 + groups, @entity3623 immunostaining significantly increased in connective tissue. Epithelial immunostaining of @entity3623 was localized to basal keratinocytes and the lower layer of stratum (str.) spinosum in the @entity2522 group. In the @entity24481 + group, @entity3623 immunostaining was differentially localized to keratinocytes of str. superficiale but considerably decreased in the str. basale. Weak eNOS immunostaining was found in the healthy and @entity24481 - groups, whereas higher immunostaining was observed in the @entity2522 and @entity24481 + groups. No intergroup differences were observed regarding @entity3542 / @entity1507 levels in GCF. CONCLUSION: CsA differentially upregulated @entity3623 , but not eNOS, in overgrown gingiva, which may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of CsA-induced @entity24481 .

title: Immunohistochemical analysis of inducible and endothelial forms of @entity842 synthase in @entity205 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9554 :: ('4846', 'Gene') :: ['endothelial NOS']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity3623 :: ('4843', 'Gene') :: ['inducible NOS', 'NO-synthase', 'NOS', 'iNOS']

entities_list: @entity8032 :: ('MESH:D019214', 'Disease') :: ['gingival overgrowth']

answer: @entity8032 :: (MESH:D019214,Disease) :: ['gingival overgrowth']


abstract: The complement system is activated in the vasculature during @entity715 and inflammatory conditions. Activation may be associated with chronic @entity32 on the endothelial surface leading to complement deposition. Complement mutations allow uninhibited complement activation to occur on platelets, neutrophils, monocytes, and aggregates thereof, as well as on red blood cells and endothelial cells. Furthermore, complement activation on the cells leads to the shedding of cell derived-microvesicles that may express complement and tissue factor thus promoting @entity32 and @entity715 . Complement deposition on red blood cells triggers hemolysis and the release of red blood cell-derived microvesicles that are prothrombotic. Microvesicles are small membrane vesicles ranging from 0.1 to 1  m, shed by cells during activation, injury and/or apoptosis that express components of the parent cell. Microvesicles are released during inflammatory and vascular conditions. The repertoire of inflammatory markers on endothelial cell-derived microvesicles shed during @entity32 is large and includes complement. These circulating microvesicles may reflect the ongoing inflammatory process but may also contribute to its propagation. This overview will describe complement activation on blood and endothelial cells and the release of microvesicles from these cells during @entity1381 , @entity2106 and @entity1333 , clinical conditions associated with enhanced @entity715 and @entity32 .

title: Complement Interactions with Blood Cells, Endothelial Cells and Microvesicles in XXXX and Inflammatory Conditions.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic uremic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity2106 :: ('MESH:D011697', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['Thrombotic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Chronic @entity888 ( @entity7865 ) abuse could induce @entity2359 due to reactive @entity26 species generation and sympathetic activation. Both factors are associated with @entity731 , so we tested the hypothesis that chronic @entity7865 administration might also promote @entity731 formation in @entity6970 -/- knockout @entity19 fed normal diet. METHODS AND RESULTS: Male @entity6970 -/- @entity19 (6 weeks-old) were treated with saline (NS) or @entity7865 [4 mg/kg/day (M4) or 8 mg/kg/day (M8) through intraperitoneal injection] for 24 weeks. @entity731 area on oil red O stained en face aorta was dose-dependently increased in M4 and M8 groups compared to NS group. Percentage of @entity731 area was significantly higher in M8 group compared to NS and M4 groups. Plasma CRP was increased and inflammatory cytokine ( @entity8024 , @entity6580 , @entity637 , and INF-y) expression on aortic root was upregulated in @entity7865 groups compared to NS group. @entity32327 ( @entity32327 ) protein and mRNA expressions in aortic root and myocardial tissue were determined by Western blot and real time PCR, which were significantly upregulated in M4 and M8 groups. Moreover, mRNA expressions of @entity33530 , @entity36888 and @entity64380 in aortic and myocardial tissue were also significantly upregulated in M4 and M8 groups. Raw264.7 cells were treated with @entity32327 , @entity32327 receptor antagonists, @entity7865 (10  M or 100  M) with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the expressions of @entity637 , CRP, @entity8929 and reactive @entity26 species (ROS) production were significantly increased in @entity7865 and LPS + @entity7865 groups compared to control and LPS groups. Co-treatment with @entity33530 antagonist decreased the expressions of @entity637 , CRP and @entity8929 in @entity32327 and @entity7865 treated cells. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic @entity7865 administration can promote @entity32 and @entity731 plague formation in @entity6970 -/- @entity19 fed normal chow. @entity32327 might be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity7865 -induced atherogenic effects through @entity32327 Y1 receptor pathway.

title: Chronic administration of XXXX promotes @entity731 formation in @entity6970 -/- knockout @entity19 fed normal diet.

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'Atherosclerotic lesion', 'atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesion']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity888 :: (MESH:D008694,Chemical) :: ['methamphetamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1282 occurs frequently during the acute phase of @entity1779 ; however, there are few reports of @entity1282 associated with @entity1779 in the subacute and chronic phase. We focused on @entity6658 at a rehabilitation hospital and evaluated the relationships between the frequencies of @entity1282 , focus, and @entity1410 volume and type. METHODS: A hundred @entity1 with @entity6658 referred to our rehabilitation hospital were evaluated. Bedside swallowing assessments (BSAs) were conducted and results were evaluated relative to the information obtained on computed tomography imaging, including @entity1410 at the time of admission/discharge from the hospital. RESULTS: A regular diet was provided to 48 @entity1 , @entity1282 diet to 44 @entity1 , and enteral feeding to 8 @entity1 . There were significant feeding group differences in age, @entity1410 volume and type, existence of @entity397 , @entity16 , cognitive function, existence of unilateral neglect and @entity2026 , initial BSA, activities of daily living (ADL) score using the Functional Independence Measure at the time of admission/discharge from the hospital, and length of stay. At discharge, we provided a regular diet to 81 @entity1 and @entity1282 diet to 19 @entity1 . Age and ADL score had the greatest influence on oral intake at the time of discharge from the hospital. CONCLUSION: The prognosis of @entity1282 caused by @entity6658 is good, with no @entity1 requiring enteral feeding, although @entity6658 often causes @entity1282 . @entity1 age and ADL score on admission are used to predict the residual factors of @entity1282 .

title: XXXX Following Putaminal Hemorrhage at a Rehabilitation Hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological manifestation']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematoma type and volume, and oral intake', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ventricle rupture']

entities_list: @entity6658 :: ('MESH:D020146', 'Disease') :: ['putaminal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['Dysphagia', 'dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1282 :: (MESH:D003680,Disease) :: ['Dysphagia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A variety of systems have been applied to identify and address errors in the management of multiple @entity130 @entity1 . This lack of standardisation represents a serious problem. OBJECTIVES: Detect preventable and potentially preventable @entity204 , and classify all the errors with universal language. METHODS: We studied all @entity130 @entity1 over 16 admitted to the critical care unit or who died before. In multidisciplinary sessions we decided which @entity204 were preventable, potentially preventable and non preventable. Guided by ATLS protocols, we detected errors in their management that were classified using the taxonomy of Joint Commission. RESULTS: We registered 1236 @entity130 @entity1 (ISS 20.77). Of the 115 @entity130 @entity204 , 19 were preventable or potentially preventable @entity204 . We recorded 130 errors in all @entity204 , 46 of them in preventable or potentially preventable @entity204 . Using our own classification, the main errors were delay in starting correct treatment or performance of CT in hemodynamically unstable @entity1 . Using the taxonomy of Joint Commission, the main type error was clinical, during the intervention: the delay in initiating correct treatment. Mistakes were made in the emergency department by medical specialists. The incidence of therapeutic and diagnostic errors was similar. The main cause of error was @entity1 failure, specifically 'rule-based' errors CONCLUSIONS: Measuring and recording the results is the first step on the way to improving the quality of care for @entity130 @entity1 . A common language like the taxonomy of Joint Commission will help standardise @entity1 safety data, thus improving the recording of incidents and their analysis and treatment.

title: Preventable @entity204 and potentially preventable XXXX . What are our errors?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['deaths']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of @entity1 -reported outcomes (PROs) in pediatric populations with vaccine-preventable @entity166 in high-income Western countries. METHODS: Systematic review of PRO use in populations younger than 18 years with any of 17 @entity166 for which vaccines are available or in development. The search was limited to studies performed in Europe, North America, Australia, and New Zealand and published between January 1, 1990, and July 31, 2013. Searches were conducted in Scopus and PsycINFO, and reference lists were manually searched. Results are reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. RESULTS: Of 6410 titles and abstracts and 174 full-text articles reviewed, 17 full-text articles were included for data extraction. The largest number of PRO studies was carried out in @entity1 with @entity4891 and @entity1902 . No PRO studies were identified for nine conditions. A total of 24 PRO measures (12 generic and 12 disease-specific) were used in the studies reviewed. Most of the instruments used were of high quality. Proxy responses were occasionally obtained when self-report would have been feasible. No validated disease-specific instruments for @entity1 with any of the conditions studied were found. CONCLUSIONS: The paucity of studies and PRO instruments to assess pediatric health status in vaccine-preventable @entity166 , and the lack of a standardized approach to measurement, makes it difficult to capture the impact of disease and the benefit of vaccination and could potentially hinder decision making. Guidelines from relevant bodies to steer research in this area would be useful.

title: Assessing XXXX -Reported Outcomes in Pediatric Populations With Vaccine-Preventable Infectious Diseases: A Systematic Review of the Literature (the PROCHID Study).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['rotavirus gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity4891 :: ('MESH:D014860', 'Disease') :: ['anogenital warts']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: 1. Experiments have been conducted to determine the origin and character of the lipid in thoracic duct lymph of new-born, unsuckled @entity291 . This involved the collection and analysis of intestinal and hepatic lymph from two bile-fistulated and seven non-fistulated animals.2. The output of total esterified @entity844 in intestinal and hepatic lymph in the unfed @entity291 after recovery from the anaesthetic was about 0.6 and 0.025 g/hr, respectively.3. Three lipoprotein fractions were obtained by ultracentrifugation of intestinal lymph samples. These appeared to correspond to very low- (d < 1.005), low- (1.2 > d < 1.005) and high- (d = 1.20) density lipoprotein of human serum. These lipoproteins contained approximately 40%, 50% and 10% respectively of the total lipid.4. Very low-density lipoprotein was not found in blood serum or hepatic lymph and it was evident that very low-density lipoprotein and most of the low-density lipoprotein in intestinal lymph were derived from sources other than the capillary filtrate.5. The output of total esterified @entity844 in intestinal lymph fell steadily during the course of an 11-16 hr period of bile deprivation to values 55% of those in comparable @entity291 without bile fistulae. This was accompanied by a virtual disappearance of very low-density lipoprotein and a decrease in low-density lipoprotein of approximately 50%. These effects could not be attributed to starvation.6. There was a general resemblance in @entity844 composition between biliary lipid and the @entity412 of the lipoproteins, the predominant @entity1718 being 16:0 and 18:1. The presence of appreciable levels of odd @entity505 number and branched-chain @entity1718 were consistent with the transfer of significant amounts of free @entity844 from maternal blood to the foetus.7. It is concluded that most of the lipid in thoracic-duct lymph of unfed, new-born @entity291 is derived from the intestines and that the @entity1718 of the very low-density lipoprotein in intestinal lymph arise from the absorption of biliary phospholipid.

title: The origin of lipoprotein in the intestinal and hepatic lymph of unsuckled new-born XXXX .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty-acid', 'fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['calves']


abstract: @entity5068 metabolism studies using a combination of isotopic and chromatographic procedures were carried out in two strains of @entity35 fed 5% @entity1068 (36% of calories) in the diet. Feeding @entity1068 to the Fisher @entity35 over 17 days produced no significant changes in body weight. @entity165 levels in various tissues were elevated in the @entity1068 -fed group: plasma @entity165 , +61%; liver @entity165 , +47%; and bile @entity165 , +57%. The @entity167 -fed Fisher @entity35 showed several changes in @entity5068 metabolism over controls: fecal acidic steroid output, +13%; fecal neutral @entity5068 output, +51%; endogenous neutral @entity5068 output, +107%; @entity165 turnover, +54%; and @entity165 balance, +18%. @entity1068 feeding to the @entity35 showed similar differences between @entity1068 -fed vs. control @entity35 . @entity165 levels were significantly elevated in plasma (+35%) and in the liver (+81%). @entity5068 metabolism data showed the following differences ( @entity167 vs. control): fecal acidic @entity134 output, +9%; fecal neutral @entity5068 output, +17%; endogenous neutral @entity5068 output, +72%; @entity165 turnover, +33%; and @entity165 balance +13%. The Fisher @entity35 maintained almost constant weight throughout the experimental period and is a preferable strain for @entity5068 balance studies using liquid diets. A major finding of these experiments was the increased concentration of @entity165 in liver, plasma, and bile in both strains of @entity35 . The @entity5068 balance measurements indicated that this tissue accumulation of @entity165 was due to enhanced @entity165 synthesis as well as inhibition of @entity6741 syntheses.

title: @entity5068 metabolism in the @entity35 : effect of @entity167 on @entity5068 metabolism in two strains of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague Dawley rat', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity5068 :: ('CHEBI:15889', 'Chemical') :: ['Sterol', 'sterol']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess if preradiation and early follow-up regional cerebral blood volume (CBV) measurements can help predict treatment outcome in @entity1 with cerebral @entity3 and to evaluate regional CBV changes in @entity5 and normal tissue after radiosurgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 18 @entity1 , dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast material-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed with a 1.5-T unit, which allowed an absolute quantification of the regional CBV. Measurements were performed prior to and at 6 weeks and 3 months after therapy. Treatment outcome was classified according to @entity5 volume changes at 6 months. The regional CBV of the @entity3 and the normal adjacent brain tissue were determined with a region-of-interest analysis. Regional CBV values were correlated with the @entity1 outcome to assess the sensitivity and specificity of dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced MR imaging. RESULTS: The pretherapeutic regional CBV was not able to help predict a treatment outcome; however, the method proved to be highly sensitive and specific for treatment outcome prediction at the 6-week follow-up. A decrease of the regional CBV value helped predict the treatment outcome with a sensitivity of more than 90%. The @entity5 volume change alone had a sensitivity of only 64%. The measured regional CBV values of normal brain tissue and their ratio were comparable to physiologic data and remained unchanged with therapy. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced MR imaging is a useful method for the assessment of radiosurgically treated brain @entity3 . The implemented technique with determination of the arterial input function enables an absolute quantification of the regional CBV and prediction of @entity5 response.

title: Assessment of brain XXXX with dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced MR imaging: initial results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the recommendations of the Pediatric @entity647 Consensus Conference for mechanical ventilation management of pediatric @entity1 with @entity649 . DESIGN: Consensus Conference of experts in pediatric @entity647 . METHODS: The Pediatric @entity647 Consensus Conference experts developed and voted on a total of 27 recommendations focused on the optimal mechanical ventilation approach of the @entity1 with @entity649 . Topics included ventilator mode, tidal volume delivery, inspiratory plateau pressure, high-frequency ventilation, cuffed endotracheal tubes, and gas exchange goals. When experimental data were lacking, a modified Delphi approach emphasizing the strong professional agreement was used. RESULTS: There were 17 recommendations with strong agreement and 10 recommendations with weak agreement. There were no recommendations with equipoise or disagreement. There was weak agreement on recommendations concerning approach to tidal volume and inspiratory pressure limitation (88% to 72% agreement, respectively), whereas strong agreement could be achieved for accepting permissive @entity2944 . Using positive end-expiratory pressure levels greater than 15 cm @entity4358 in severe @entity649 , under the condition that the markers of @entity26 delivery, respiratory system compliance, and hemodynamics are closely monitored as positive end-expiratory pressure is increased, is strongly recommended. The concept of exploring the effects of careful recruitment maneuvers during conventional ventilation met an agreement level of 88%, whereas the use of recruitment maneuvers during rescue high-frequency oscillatory ventilation is highly recommended (strong agreement). CONCLUSIONS: The Consensus Conference developed pediatric-specific recommendations regarding mechanical ventilation of the @entity1 with @entity649 as well as future research priorities. These recommendations are intended to initiate discussion regarding optimal mechanical ventilation management for @entity1 with @entity649 and identify areas of controversy requiring further investigation.

title: Ventilatory Support in XXXX With Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Proceedings From the Pediatric @entity647 Consensus Conference.

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnia']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory distress syndrome', 'pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury', 'Acute Lung Injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: A 17-year-old female with @entity29260 was examined because of visual acuity loss in her right eye. Ocular examination revealed @entity4354 , iris, choroid and optic disc @entity735 . There were several erthematous and hyperpigmented areas on the body. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the orbits and brain demonstrated right @entity1781 and diffuse cortical and @entity76 . Skeletal manifestations were @entity851 , @entity1635 , syndactyly, @entity7731 , and @entity49517 striata. @entity4500 included @entity2651 , @entity245 , and @entity3232 . There were multiple @entity75 on the lids and perioral skin and the nose was asymmetric. Her mental development was apparently normal. She had left bifid ureter and renal pelvis, scant hair on the pubic and genital region, and poor breast development. Histopathologic examination of the biopsy taken from a characteristic @entity272 revealed @entity536 , @entity2150 , and subcutaneous fat close to epidermis. Immunofluorescence staining was negative for IgG, IgM, IgA, C3, C4, fibrin, and albumin. Ultrastructural examination showed that no viral particles were present. Prometaphase chromosome analysis revealed a normal 46, XX female karyotype. Cortical and @entity76 can occur in a @entity1 with @entity29260 .

title: Focal XXXX ( @entity29260 ).

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity2651 :: ('MESH:D000848', 'Disease') :: ['hypodontia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['papillomatous lesions']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic dermis']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental defects']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity49517 :: ('MESH:C536053', 'Disease') :: ['osteopathia']

entities_list: @entity7731 :: ('MESH:C536852', 'Disease') :: ['clinodactyly']

entities_list: @entity3232 :: ('MESH:D008310', 'Disease') :: ['malocclusion']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['coloboma in the right eye']

entities_list: @entity536 :: ('MESH:C538265', 'Disease') :: ['attenuated epidermis']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar atrophy']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesion']

entities_list: @entity4500 :: ('MESH:D014071', 'Disease') :: ['Dental defects']

entities_list: @entity4354 :: ('MESH:C538287', 'Disease') :: ['microcornea']

entities_list: @entity29260 :: ('MESH:D005489', 'Disease') :: ["Goltz's syndrome"]

answer: @entity29260 :: (MESH:D005489,Disease) :: ['dermal hypoplasia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 878 Background: Less than 5% of new @entity5 @entity1 participate in clinical trials. The objective of this study was to evaluate accrual to a clinical trial of @entity0 adjuvant chemotherapy at a regional @entity5 centre. METHODS: A retrospective review of @entity1 treated for primary @entity0 between June 2001 and June 2003 was conducted. RESULTS: 165 charts were reviewed. 62 @entity1 received adjuvant chemotherapy. Of these, 42 (68%) fit the age criteria for the clinical trial. 15 were ineligible due to @entity5 characteristics. Of the 27 @entity1 who were eligible for the trial based on age and @entity5 characteristics, 12 (44%) could not be treated on clinical trial because they lived in a peripheral community. Of the 15 remaining @entity1 who were eligible for treatment on clinical trial at the @entity5 center, 7 (47%) were actually entered in the trial. @entity1 's fear of potential @entity137 was the primary reason for not participating in the clinical trial. CONCLUSIONS: At our institution, living in a peripheral community was a leading reason for ineligibilty for a clinical trial of adjuvant chemotherapy of @entity0 . Accrual to this specific trial was nearly half of all @entity1 who were eligible based on age, @entity5 characteristics, and location. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Local accrual pattern of a XXXX adjuvant chemotherapy clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the cross-sectional relationship between arterial blood pressure and @entity73 in a group of elderly subjects, controlling for such confounding variables as age, education, @entity308 , drug use and antihypertensive treatment. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional survey in Campania, a region in southern Italy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A random sample of 1339 elderly subjects aged 65-95 years (mean 73.9 +/- 6.2 years) selected from the electoral rolls was interviewed by trained physicians. Sociodemographic characteristics, results of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), @entity308 ( @entity308 ), blood pressure and whether antihypertensive treatment was being administered were recorded. When subjects with @entity16 and those under psychotropic therapy were excluded from the analyses, the population numbered 1106. RESULTS: The MMSE score was less than 24 for 27.9% of the subjects and the mean @entity308 score was 10.8 +/- 6.3. The mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 145.3 +/- 19.0 mmHg and the mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 82.0 +/- 9.2 mmHg. Logistic regression analysis showed that female sex, age, @entity308 score and DBP but not SBP were predictive of @entity73 . Educational level and antihypertensive treatment, on the contrary, play a protective role. @entity11559 was associated with @entity73 in subjects aged 75 years (odds ratio 1.62, 95% confidence interval 1.16-2.25) and over (odds ratio 5.16, 95% confidence interval 1.50-17.71) but not in those aged 65-74 years. CONCLUSION: DBP but not SBP is predictive of @entity73 in subjects aged 75 years and over without @entity16 independently from sex, age, education, @entity308 and antihypertensive treatment

title: The role of blood pressure in XXXX in an elderly population. Osservatorio Geriatrico Campano Group.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological diseases', 'neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Geriatric Depression Scale', 'GDS', 'depression']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive impairment']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The role of allogeneic @entity8 ( @entity8 ) in the management of @entity146 @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) remains to be defined, but the number of procedures performed continues to increase. We report here the outcomes of allogeneic @entity8 using @entity3600 , @entity2879 , @entity2592 , and @entity3601 (BEAM)-Campath (Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA) conditioning for @entity1893 as reported to the British Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation (BSBMT). This retrospective study identified 46 @entity1 who reported to the BSBMT registry as having undergone BEAM-Campath conditioned allogeneic @entity8 for @entity1893 between 1999 and 2010. Disease histology was @entity1892 ( @entity1892 , n  =  25), @entity1892 / @entity2109 (n  =  5), and @entity784 (n  =  16). At diagnosis, the median age was 42.5 (range, 17 to 59), 37 had advanced stage disease (Ann Arbor III/IV), 28 had 2 or more extra-nodal sites of disease, and 23 had elevated @entity880 dehydrogenase. International prognostic index was high or high/intermediate in 58%. The median number of prior therapies was 3 (range, 1 to 5) and 5 @entity1 had previously undergone transplantation (4 autologous, 1 allogeneic). The median age at transplantation was 44.8 (range, 18 to 59), with 34 @entity1 demonstrating @entity66 and 22 undergoing transplantation in first response. Performance score was good in 40 @entity1 and all engrafted with a median of 14  days (range, 11 to 27) to neutrophil recovery. At latest follow-up, 20 @entity1 were alive with 17 in complete remission. @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) developed in 7 @entity1 and chronic @entity2132 developed in 13 (7 limited, 6 extensive). Five @entity1 died from nonrelapse causes, with a cumulative incidence of nonrelapse mortality of 7% at 100  days and 11% at 3 and 5  years. Twenty-one @entity1 died after lymphoma relapse, with a cumulative incidence of relapse/progression of 51% at 1  year and 53% at 5  years. Disease status at transplantation had no impact on relapse rate. Progression-free survival was 41% at 1  year and 36% at 5  years. Overall survival was 54% at 1  year and 42% at 5  years. Overall, BEAM-Campath-conditioned allogeneic @entity8 is well tolerated and able to deliver durable disease-free survival to a subset of @entity1 with @entity1893 . However, the high relapse rates indicate further investigation is needed to identify those @entity1 most likely to benefit.

title: @entity3600 , @entity2879 , @entity2592 , and Melphalan (BEAM)-Campath Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Aggressive XXXX : An Analysis of Outcomes from the British Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['SCT', 'stem cell transplantation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['chemo-sensitive disease']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ['Burkitt lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['carmustine']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['melphalan']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['DLBCL', 'diffuse large B cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'Acute graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', 'non-Hodgkin lymphoma', 'aggressive NHL']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma']


abstract: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) comprise a family of proteolytic @entity219 - and @entity460 -dependent enzymes that are capable of disrupting the blood-brain barrier and mediating the destruction of extracellular matrix and myelin components. MMPs are also involved in facilitating leukocyte migration into inflammatory sites of the central nervous system. To determine the cellular localization and the amount of mRNA for @entity11799 , @entity68059 and a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases ( @entity11800 ) in @entity235 with spontaneous demyelinating distemper @entity198 , @entity406 -fixed paraffin-embedded cerebella were investigated by in situ hybridization using specific @entity1859 -labeled RNA probes. Additionally, immunohistochemistry was performed to characterize the different types of plaques of demyelinating @entity11411 . Furthermore, virus antigen and mRNA were detected by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Healthy control @entity235 revealed a weak signal for mRNA for @entity11799 , @entity68059 , and @entity11800 in various numbers of neurons, astrocytes, microglial cells and oligodendrocytes. In the cerebella of @entity235 with distemper, a strong increase of both number and staining intensity of @entity11799 , @entity68059 , and @entity11800 mRNA-expressing cells, mainly in subacute inflammatory lesions and chronic plaques, was observed. The number of cells expressing mRNA for @entity11799 and @entity68059 increased about two- to threefold compared to @entity11800 mRNA-expressing cells, whereas staining intensity of individual cells was similar. In @entity75 , especially astrocytes and activated macrophages/microglial cells displayed a positive signal for MMPs and @entity11800 , whereas in older lesions activated microglia/macrophages and infiltrating lymphocytes represented the main source for @entity11799 , @entity68059 , and @entity11800 mRNA synthesis as revealed by double-labeling techniques. In summary, the proportionally higher increase of MMP mRNA-expressing cells might indicate an MMP/TIMP imbalance as a cause for lesion initiation and progression in demyelinating @entity235 distemper @entity11411 .

title: Up-regulation of mRNA for matrix metalloproteinases-9 and -14 in advanced lesions of demyelinating @entity235 distemper XXXX .

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['early lesions']

entities_list: @entity1859 :: ('MESH:D004076', 'Chemical') :: ['digoxigenin']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity11411 :: ('MESH:D004684', 'Disease') :: ['leukoencephalitis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity11411 :: (MESH:D004684,Disease) :: ['leukoencephalitis']


abstract: Endometriosis is a common disease in @entity1 at reproductive age. We investigated the concentration of neutrophil-activating factor (growth-regulated gene-alpha; @entity2851 ) (a member of the chemokine family), in peritoneal fluid of infertile @entity1 with or without @entity46 . Peritoneal fluid was obtained laparoscopically from 22 @entity1 with and 21 without visible @entity75 . @entity2851 concentration was measured by the use of an ELISA kit. Median concentration of @entity2851 was 87.65 +/- 56.19 pg/ml in the study group and 60.72 +/- 11.98 pg/ml in the control group. The distribution of data differed from normal, therefore logarithmic transformation of data was performed. Concentration of @entity2851 was significantly higher in the peritoneal fluid of @entity1 with @entity46 when compared with controls (p = 0.05). No correlation between concentration of @entity2851 , stage of @entity46 , duration of @entity249 or sex @entity134 hormone levels was found. The study shows that @entity2851 may play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity46 , possibly by chemoattraction and activation of neutrophils present in higher numbers in the peritoneal fluid of @entity1 with @entity46 . It is also feasible that the angiogenic properties of @entity2851 might prompt the progression of @entity75 .

title: Chemokine growth-regulated-alpha: a possible role in the pathogenesis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['endometriotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: Catheter ablation provides an effective cure for @entity1 with typical @entity956 . However, these @entity1 may have the potential to develop @entity4710 other than common @entity956 . This study examines clinical and echocardiographic predictors for the occurrence of uncommon @entity956 or @entity955 after abolition of common @entity956 . The study population comprised 17 @entity1 (12 @entity1 , 5 @entity1 , age 32-74 years) who underwent successful radiofrequency catheter ablation of common @entity956 . Common @entity956 did not recur in any @entity1 during a median follow-up time of 8 (range 1-25) months. Within a median of 7 (range 1-223) days, however, symptomatic @entity4710 occurred in 8 of 17 @entity1 (47%): uncommon @entity956 (n = 4); @entity955 (n = 3); and both uncommon @entity956 and @entity955 in one @entity1 . Preablation left atrial volume was significantly larger in @entity1 who developed secondary @entity943 compared with @entity1 who remained in sinus rhythm (57.9 +/- 15.6 vs 43.7 +/- 16.4 cm3, P < 0.05). Enlarged left atrial volume dichotomized at 51 cm3 independently predicted postablation @entity943 (X2 = 5.11, rel. risk = 5.3, P < 0.05). On Kaplan-Meier analysis, time to occurrence of postablation @entity943 was significantly shorter in @entity1 with enlarged left atrium (P < 0.02). In conclusion, symptomatic uncommon @entity956 and @entity955 develops in a substantial proportion of @entity1 after successful ablation of common @entity956 . Out of a series of clinical and echocardiographic parameters, preablation left atrial size is the best predictor for the occurrence of these postablation @entity943 .

title: Relation between left atrial size and secondary @entity943 after successful catheter ablation of common XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

answer: @entity956 :: (MESH:D001282,Disease) :: ['atrial flutter']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is very limited information on the association between @entity50469 and serum uric acid levels or @entity210 . The aim of this study was to investigate the association of @entity50469 with @entity5052 and @entity210 in US adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 5632 adults aged 20years or older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2010 with determinations of serum uric acid and urine total @entity50469 and dimethylarsinate (DMA). @entity5052 was defined as serum uric acid higher than 7.0mg/dL for @entity1 and 6.0mg/dL for @entity1 . Gout was defined based on self-reported physician diagnosis and medication use. RESULTS: After adjustment for sociodemographic factors, comorbidities and arsenobetaine levels, the increase in the geometric means of serum uric acid associated with one interquartile range increase in total @entity50469 and DMA levels was 3% (95% CI 2-5) and 3% (2-5), respectively, in @entity1 and 1% (0-3) and 2% (0-4), respectively, in @entity1 . In @entity1 , the adjusted odds ratio for @entity5052 comparing the highest to lowest quartiles of total @entity50469 was 1.84 (95% CI, 1.26-2.68) and for DMA it was 1.41 (95% CI, 1.01-1.96). The corresponding odds ratios in @entity1 were 1.26 (0.77, 2.07) and 1.49 (0.96, 2.31), respectively. The odds ratio for @entity210 comparing the highest to lowest tertiles was 5.46 (95% CI, 1.70-17.6) for total @entity50469 and 1.98 (0.64-6.15) for DMA among @entity1 older than 40years old. Urine @entity50469 was not associated with @entity210 in @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Low level @entity50469 exposures may be associated with the risk of @entity5052 in @entity1 and with the prevalence of @entity210 in @entity1 . Prospective research focusing on establishing the direction of the relationship among @entity50469 , @entity5052 , and @entity210 is needed.

title: Arsenic exposure, @entity5052 , and XXXX in US adults.

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia', 'Hyperuricemia']

answer: @entity210 :: (MESH:D006073,Disease) :: ['gout']


abstract: The authors evaluated the efficacy of neoadjuvant @entity3003 chemotherapy before external-beam irradiation in @entity1 who had histologically proven @entity463 multiforme. Twenty-five @entity1 were treated with @entity3003 , 600 mg/m2, intravenously once every 4 weeks for a total of 4 planned cycles. External-beam irradiation (60 Gy involved field) was planned after @entity3003 . Of 15 @entity1 who had @entity41 assessable for response, seven had stable disease, six had partial responses, one had a complete response, and one had progressive disease. Two of the @entity1 who had partial responses progressed before radiotherapy. Of 10 who had gross total resections, two progressed after 3 to 4 cycles. The median time to @entity5 progression was 8.4 months. Median survival was 19.2 months. Myelotoxicity and other side effects of treatment were modest. @entity3003 chemotherapy after biopsy or resection of @entity463 multiforme before irradiation is feasible. These results warrant further clinical investigation of the role that @entity3003 chemotherapy may have in the treatment of @entity1 who have newly diagnosed @entity463 multiforme.

title: @entity3003 chemotherapy before irradiation in newly diagnosed XXXX multiforme.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: Acquisition of a cardiac fate by embryonic mesodermal cells is a fundamental step in heart formation. Heart development in frogs and avians requires positive signals from adjacent endoderm, including bone morphogenic proteins, and is antagonized by a second secreted signal, Wnt proteins, from neural tube. By contrast, mechanisms of mesodermal commitment to create heart muscle in mammals are largely unknown. In addition, Wnt-dependent signals can involve either a canonical @entity3546 pathway or other, alternative mediators. Here, we tested the involvement of Wnts and @entity3546 in @entity1 cardiac myogenesis by using a pluripotent @entity19 cell line (P19CL6) that recapitulates early steps for cardiac specification. In this system, early and late cardiac genes are up-regulated by 1% @entity3733 , and spontaneous beating occurs. Notably, @entity13020 and @entity13024 were induced days before even the earliest cardiogenic transcription factors. @entity3733 induced biochemical mediators of Wnt signaling (decreased phosphorylation and increased levels of @entity3546 ), which were suppressed by Frizzled-8Fc, a soluble Wnt antagonist. @entity3733 provoked T cell factor-dependent transcriptional activity; thus, induction of Wnt proteins by @entity3733 was functionally coupled. Frizzled-8Fc inhibited the induction of cardiogenic transcription factors, cardiogenic growth factors, and sarcomeric myosin heavy chains. Likewise, differentiation was blocked by constitutively active glycogen synthase kinase 3beta, an intracellular inhibitor of the Wntbeta-catenin pathway. Conversely, @entity13557 , which inhibits glycogen synthase kinase 3beta, and @entity13020 -conditioned medium up-regulated early cardiac markers and the proportion of differentiated cells. Thus, Wntbeta-catenin signaling is activated at the inception of @entity1 cardiac myogenesis and is indispensable for cardiac differentiation, at least in this pluripotent model system.

title: A Wnt- and XXXX -dependent pathway for @entity1 cardiac myogenesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity13557 :: ('MESH:D018021', 'Chemical') :: ['lithium chloride']

answer: @entity3546 :: (1499,Gene) :: ['beta -catenin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Infection with the larval form of the @entity8785 , @entity8785 , can lead to the development of @entity75 . Surgical removal of cysts has been the accepted treatment for @entity6583 characterized by @entity45 when there is associated intracranial @entity101 . METHODS: We describe 33 @entity1 whom we treated medically for malignant forms of @entity6583 . All @entity1 had evidence of intracranial @entity101 and @entity510 at least 50 mm in diameter. All @entity1 received 15 mg of @entity3753 per kilogram of body weight per day for four weeks. Ten @entity1 were also treated with 100 mg of @entity2039 per kilogram per day for four weeks. Seventeen @entity1 received a second course of @entity3753 , three received a third course, and one received a fourth course. During the first cycle of treatment, all @entity1 also received @entity619 . Five @entity1 had previously undergone neurosurgery for @entity45 . RESULTS: After a median of 59 months of follow-up (range, 7 to 102), the condition of all 33 @entity1 had improved, and the cysts had disappeared or become calcified. Of the 22 @entity1 with a history of @entity410 , only 11 continued to receive antiseizure medications. The median quality-of-life score on the Karnofsky scale improved from 40 to 100. Fifteen @entity1 received a ventriculoperitoneal shunt because of @entity1276 . Four @entity1 had persistent sequelae (bilateral partial @entity1952 , @entity64 , or @entity892 ) of the cysts. CONCLUSIONS: Intensive medical treatment can be effective in @entity1 with @entity6583 characterized by @entity45 . Neurosurgery may be required only when there is an imminent risk of @entity204 .

title: Medical treatment for @entity6583 characterized by giant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3753 :: ('MESH:D015766', 'Chemical') :: ['albendazole']

entities_list: @entity6583 :: ('MESH:D020019', 'Disease') :: ['neurocysticercosis']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1952 :: ('MESH:D009896', 'Disease') :: ['optic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid cysts']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cysts in the brain']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['giant cysts']

entities_list: @entity8785 :: ('6204', 'Species') :: ['Taenia solium', 'pork tapeworm']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity2039 :: ('MESH:D011223', 'Chemical') :: ['praziquantel']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['subarachnoid cysts']


abstract: A novel approach to investigate the relationship between @entity308 and changes in sleep-wake regulatory mechanisms used the @entity1154 oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) @entity20919 that is known to suppress @entity1319 ( @entity1319 ) sleep. Sleep architecture and EEG topography during wakefulness and sleep were studied in eight @entity308 @entity1 before and after five weeks of treatment with @entity20919 (30-90 mg/day), which induced a significant alleviation of @entity308 . Theta power (4.75-7.5 Hz) during a 5-min wake EEG prior to sleep increased two-fold during administration of @entity20919 . @entity1319 sleep was almost completely eliminated. This latter effect was compensated by increased duration of stage 2, whereas total sleep time was not shortened. In non- @entity1319 sleep (stages 2, 3, and 4), treatment slightly reduced EEG power between 2.0-6.25 Hz and 8.5-13.75 Hz; power in the 16.75-25.0 Hz band increased. Activity in the delta band (2.0-3.25 Hz) tended to be reduced in the fronto-central derivation, but not in centro-parietal and parieto-occipital derivations. However, the Treatment X Derivation interaction was not significant. These data indicate that in contrast to wakefulness the effects of @entity20919 treatment on the EEG in non- @entity1319 sleep were small. Rank correlation analyses revealed no association between the antidepressant treatment response and the changes in sleep and EEG power spectra during administration of @entity20919 .

title: Different effects of XXXX treatment on EEG topography in waking and sleep in @entity308 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity20919 :: ('MESH:D010624', 'Chemical') :: ['phenelzine']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['REM', 'rapid-eye-movement']

answer: @entity20919 :: (MESH:D010624,Chemical) :: ['phenelzine']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Surgery for @entity418 is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. With this study, we investigated if a validated preoperative risk score correlates with overall morbidity, mortality, @entity1576 and with the severity of complications after open Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy. METHODS: A total of 94 @entity1 undergoing esophageal resection for @entity420 between 2005 and 2009 were included. @entity1 were assigned using the preoperative risk score according to Schr  der et al. [Langenbecks Arch Surg 2006;391:455-460] and the Dindo classification regarding the severity of complications. RESULTS: Of all the @entity1 , 12% had a 'normal', 54% a 'moderate' and 34% a 'high' preoperative risk score. @entity260 occurred in 79%. Furthermore, 36 or 21 or 14 or 7% of @entity1 experienced complications of @entity34 , respectively. There was a significant association between preoperative risk score and overall morbidity (p = 0.010), mortality (p = 0.035) and @entity1887 (p = 0.023). Furthermore, higher preoperative risk score was significant related to increasing severity of @entity260 (grade IV according to the Dindo classification: p = 0.018, Dindo grade V: p = 0.035). Neoadjuvant therapy consisting of @entity900 and @entity1487 had no influence. CONCLUSION: As we demonstrated, a significant association between preoperative risk score and occurrence and severity of @entity260 after open Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy, standardized, organ-specific pre- and postoperative categorizations might be useful for individual clinical decision making in this group of @entity1 .

title: Esophageal Cancer Specific Risk Score Is Associated with XXXX Following Open Ivor-Lewis Esophagectomy for @entity420 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications', 'postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic insufficiency, respiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['category I/II or III or IV or V']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['Postoperative Complications']


abstract: The attempt to decorate @entity505 nanotubes with organic molecules as a powerful means to form new functional materials has attracted broad attention in the scientific community. Here, we report the functionalization of single-walled @entity505 nanotubes (SWNTs) with @entity20270 ( @entity31731 ) using very mild conditions to afford a series of SWNTs- @entity31731 (1 and 2) electron donor-acceptor conjugates. Owing to the presence of either one or two @entity31731 , introduced via "click chemistry", different absorption cross sections were realized. Important in this context is that the covalent linkages between SWNT and @entity31731 were corroborated by monitoring the diagnostic signature of the @entity1568 atoms as part of the formed @entity10998 ring by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The resulting SWNTs- @entity31731 1 and 2 were fully characterized. This characterization was complemented by a full-fledged investigation of their electrochemical and photophysical properties. In particular, appreciably strong electronic coupling between the photo- and electroactive constituents (i.e., SWNT and @entity31731 ) led to rapid excited-state deactivation of @entity31731 via charge transfer to the nanotubes. Here, the different absorption cross sections throughout the visible part of the solar spectrum turned out to be valuable in enhancing the overall light-harvesting features. Upon photoexcitation, for both SWNTs- @entity31731 1 and 2, radical ion pair states (i.e., reduced SWNT and oxidized @entity31731 ) are formed. The charge-separated states decay to regenerate the singlet ground state with lifetimes of 820 and 200 ps for 1 and 2, respectively.

title: Efficient functionalization of XXXX nanotubes with porphyrin dendrons via click chemistry.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity10998 :: ('CHEBI:38597', 'Chemical') :: ['triazole']

entities_list: @entity20270 :: ('CHEBI:51216', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc porphyrins']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in the invasion and @entity3 of salivary @entity2347 (SACC) which is characterized by wide local infiltration, perineural spread, a propensity to local recurrence and late distant @entity3 . Our recent studies have disclosed that @entity2533 is a crucial factor for EMT in metastatic SACC. In this study, we further uncovered small redox protein @entity196 ( @entity196 ) as a critical mediator of @entity2533 induced EMT. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed significantly higher expressions of @entity196 , @entity18012 ( @entity18012 ) and @entity6076 , and lower expression of @entity5962 in @entity1 metastatic SACC compared to non-metastatic SACC tissues. Consistently, cultured SACC cells with stable @entity196 overexpression had decreased @entity5962 and increased @entity6076 as well as @entity4245 and @entity19099 expressions. The enhanced migration and invasion potential of these cells was abrogated by @entity584 or @entity18012 inhibitors. Expression of @entity6076 and @entity584 p- @entity584 decreased, whereas @entity5962 expression increased in a BBSKE ( @entity18012 inhibitor)-dose-dependent manner. In a xenograft @entity19 model, @entity196 overexpression facilitated the metastatic potential of SACC-83 cells to the lung. Our results indicate that @entity196 plays a key role in SACC invasion and @entity3 through the modulation of @entity2533 - @entity584 / @entity9459 on EMT. @entity196 could be a potential therapeutic target for SACC.

title: Thioredoxin 1 mediates XXXX -induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in salivary @entity2347 .

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity196 :: ('MESH:D020754', 'Disease') :: ['TXN', 'thioredoxin 1']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity18012 :: ('7296', 'Gene') :: ['TXNRD1', 'thioredoxin reductase 1']

answer: @entity2533 :: (7040,Gene) :: ['TGF-b']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can exert an immunosuppressive effect on any component of the immune system, including dendritic cells (DCs), by direct contact, the release of soluble markers and extracellular vesicles (EVs). We evaluated whether MSCs and MSC-derived EVs have an immunomodulatory effect on monocyte-derived DCs in type 1 @entity6 . METHODS: Bone marrow derived MSCs were characterised and EVs were obtained by ultracentrifugation. DCs were differentiated from @entity5750 (+) cells, obtained from nine type 1 @entity6 @entity1 at disease onset, pulsed with antigen @entity1840 and cultured with MSCs or EVs. Levels of DC maturation and activation markers were evaluated by flow cytometry. @entity1840 -pulsed DCs and autologous @entity5750 (-) cell were co-cultured and @entity379 enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot responses were assayed. Secreted cytokine levels were measured and Th17 and regulatory T cells were analysed. RESULTS: MSC- and EV-conditioned DCs acquired an immature phenotype with reduced levels of activation markers and increased @entity688 and @entity650 production. Conditioned DC plus T cell co-cultures showed significantly decreased @entity379 spots and secretion levels. Moreover, higher levels of TGF-b, @entity688 and @entity650 were detected compared with unconditioned DC plus T cell co-cultures. Conditioned DCs decreased Th17 cell numbers and @entity4155 levels, and increased @entity403 (+) regulatory T cell numbers. EVs were internalised by DCs and EV-conditioned DCs exhibited a similar effect. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: In type 1 @entity6 , MSCs induce immature @entity688 -secreting DCs in vitro, thus potentially intercepting the priming and amplification of autoreactive T cells in tissue @entity32 . These DCs can contribute to the inhibition of inflammatory T cell responses to islet antigens and the promotion of the anti-inflammatory, regulatory responses exerted by MSCs.

title: @entity1 mesenchymal stem cells and derived extracellular vesicles induce regulatory dendritic cells in type 1 @entity6 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this work is to demonstrate if urinary excretion of @entity31160 (GluAp) can be quantified by immunological methods. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Urine samples from control and cisplatin-treated @entity35 (n = 10 each group) were obtained at 1, 8, and 15 days after cisplatin injection. GluAp was analyzed by kinetic fluorimetry, ELISA, and immunoblotting. Sensitivity and specificity was studied for fluorimetric activity and ELISA 24 h after cisplatin injection. We also analyzed the predictive value over @entity8 at the end of the experiment. RESULTS: GluAp was easily detected by immunoblotting and ELISA, and its urinary excretion was increased in cisplatin-treated @entity35 (p < 0.01). Results obtained with ELISA were strongly correlated (r = 0.8186; p < 0.0001) with fluorimetric activity. Kinetic fluorimetry was the method with the highest AUC (AUC = 1) and the highest predictive value over serum creatinine (r = 0.7630; p = 0.0001) and body weight increase (r = -0.8721; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: GluAp can be detected in urine samples with immunological methods, making possible the development of an antibody-based kit for its determination. Its excretion correlates with the extent of @entity8 in cisplatin-treated @entity35 , confirming its value as an early marker of renal damage that can be a diagnostic aid in @entity8 .

title: Immunological detection of @entity31160 in urine samples from cisplatin-treated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity31160 :: ('64017(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['glutamyl aminopeptidase']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction', 'renal diseases']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: Abnormal remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity2107 . However, the contribution of lung parenchymal cells to ECM remodeling after mechanical injury is not well defined. The objective of these studies was to investigate in vitro the release of @entity22534 and their respective inhibitors @entity69941 , and to explore potential regulation by @entity1618 . DESIGN: @entity19 fetal epithelial cells and fibroblasts isolated on E18-19 of gestation were exposed to 20% cyclic stretch to simulate @entity651 . @entity5780 and @entity1235 activity were investigated by zymography and ELISA. @entity5779 and @entity5783 abundance were analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS: We found that mechanical stretch increased @entity5780 and decreased @entity5783 in fibroblasts, indicating that excessive stretch promotes @entity5780 activation, expressed as the @entity5780 / @entity5783 ratio. Incubation with @entity1618 did not change @entity5780 activity. In contrast, mechanical stretch of epithelial cells decreased @entity1235 activity and the @entity1235 / @entity5779 ratio by 60-70%. When @entity1618 was added, mechanical stretch increased the @entity1235 / @entity5779 ratio by 50%. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that mechanical stretch differentially affects @entity22534 and their inhibitors in fetal lung cells. @entity1618 modulates @entity1235 activity through a combination of effects on @entity1235 and @entity5779 levels.

title: Differential expression of XXXX and their inhibitors in fetal lung cells exposed to mechanical stretch: regulation by @entity1618 .

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity2107 :: ('MESH:D001997', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopulmonary dysplasia']

answer: @entity22534 :: (17390;17395,Gene) :: ['MMP-2 and -9']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6823 ( @entity6823 ), a single-pass type III transmembrane @entity4149 -protein kinase, is mainly involved in @entity32 and immune regulation to facilitate the progression of @entity5 . This study aimed to evaluate the impact of @entity6823 expression on clinical outcome of @entity1 with @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) after surgery. METHODS: We retrospectively enrolled 268 @entity1 with @entity1358 undergoing nephrectomy between 2001 and 2004. Clinicopathologic features and @entity5 -specific survival (CSS) were collected. Western blot analysis was performed in the pairwise comparisons of @entity6823 expression in peritumor and @entity5 tissues of @entity1 with @entity1358 . Immunohistochemistry was conducted to determine @entity6823 expression level in @entity5 specimens. Survival analysis was performed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox regression models were used to evaluate the impact of prognostic factors on CSS. A concordance index was calculated to measure prognostic accuracy. A prognostic nomogram was constructed on the basis of the identified independent prognostic factors. RESULTS: @entity6823 expression in @entity5 tissues was higher than in peritumor tissues in 71.4  % (5 of 7) @entity1 . @entity6823 expression of @entity5 tissues was positively associated with @entity3 , @entity5 , node, @entity3 classification system (TNM) stage, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score and poor CSS. @entity6823 expression was determined as an independent prognostic factor for CSS in @entity1 with @entity1358 . Furthermore, extension of the well-established prognostic models with @entity6823 expression presented significantly improved prognostic accuracy. An efficient prognostic nomogram was constructed on the basis of the independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: High @entity6823 expression is a potential independent adverse prognostic factor for CSS in @entity1 with @entity1358 .

title: High Expression of Colony-Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor Associates with Unfavorable Cancer-Specific Survival of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity6823 :: ('1436', 'Gene') :: ['Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor', 'CSF-1R']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell renal cell carcinoma', 'ccRCC']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Poor glycemic control is associated with @entity323 ( @entity323 ); however, differences in @entity323 according to the level of glycemic control have been poorly investigated. AIM: The aim of this paper is to investigate the change in erectile function according to the level of glycemic control and to clarify the pathophysiological mechanism of @entity6 -associated @entity323 . METHODS: @entity3839 was injected into 55 male @entity35 classified into four groups: control (group 1), @entity6 with multiple insulin injections (group 2), @entity6 with a single injection (group 3), and untreated @entity6 (group 4). Daily insulin injections in groups 2 and 3 were administered for 4 weeks after 10 weeks of @entity6 induction. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measures are the anova or Kruskal-Wallis tests to evaluate glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), @entity251 levels, the ratios of intracavernosal pressure to mean arterial pressure ( @entity428 /MAP), area under the @entity428 curve to MAP (AUC/MAP), and changes in cavernous tissue and protein expression related to Rho kinase and @entity842 pathways. RESULTS: HbA1c levels were different between pairs of groups. Group 4 showed the lowest erectile parameters and group 2 showed near normal level. No differences in erectile parameters were found between groups 1 and 2 or between groups 3 and 4, except the ratio of AUC to MAP for group 1 was significantly higher than that of group 2 (20 Hz stimulation). Decrease in erectile function of group 2 was related to decreased expression of nitrergic @entity842 synthase or decreased @entity251 level compared with group 1. Groups 2 and 3 showed significant differences in erectile parameters, which were associated with difference in apoptotic index. Groups 3 and 4 showed no differences in erectile parameters, although these groups had significant differences in apoptotic index, smooth muscle component, and protein expression ratios of phosphorylated to total myosin phosphatase target subunit 1, endothelial @entity842 synthase, and @entity2308 . CONCLUSIONS: Improvement in glycemic control assists recovery from @entity6 -associated @entity323 ; however, only tight glycemic control can provide recovery from @entity323 to a near normal status.

title: Investigation of the effects of the level of glycemic control on erectile function and pathophysiological mechanisms in @entity6 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['Streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Serum @entity5 markers were investigated as prognostic factors for recurrence in @entity1 with @entity356 . METHODOLOGY: Preoperative serum levels of @entity787 , CA72-4, CA19-9, TPA and @entity10224 were sampled in 196 @entity1 with @entity356 undergoing curative surgery. The results were compared with the clinical recurrence and various clinicopathological factors. RESULTS: CA72-4, @entity787 , CA19-9, TPA and @entity10224 had sensitivities of 16.4%, 31.4%, 16.1%, 31.6%, and 6%, respectively. Sensitivity of two combinations was as high as 56.5%. Seventy-seven @entity1 (39.9%) had clinical recurrence in the follow-up periods. For those with preoperatively elevated serum @entity5 markers, 38% (12/32) had CA72-4, 42% (13/31) had CA19-9, 48% (29/60) and had @entity787 , 54% (6/11) had @entity10224 , and 62% (37/61) had TPA, and remained disease-free. Univariate analysis showed that TNM staging, Tumor size, Borrmann classification of @entity5 growth, and preoperative serum CA72-4 level were correlated with recurrence of disease. Multivariate analysis showed that independent prognostic factor of recurrence was TNM staging (P = 0.0007). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative serum CA72-4 level is correlated with @entity5 , but is not an independent predictor for clinical recurrence of disease in @entity1 with @entity356 that undergo surgery.

title: Comparison of serum CA72-4, @entity787 , TPA, CA19-9 and @entity10224 levels in @entity356 XXXX and correlation with recurrence.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'staging of disease']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancers']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tsetse flies transmit @entity7247 leading to half a million cases annually. @entity7246 in animals ( @entity7247 ) remains a massive brake on African agricultural development. While trypanosome biology is widely studied, knowledge of tsetse flies is very limited, particularly at the molecular level. This is a serious impediment to investigations of tsetse-trypanosome interactions. We have undertaken an expressed sequence tag (EST) project on the adult tsetse midgut, the major organ system for establishment and early development of trypanosomes. RESULTS: A total of 21,427 ESTs were produced from the midgut of adult Glossina morsitans morsitans and grouped into 8,876 clusters or singletons potentially representing unique genes. Putative functions were ascribed to 4,035 of these by homology. Of these, a remarkable 3,884 had their most significant matches in the @entity238 protein database. We selected 68 genes with putative immune-related functions, macroarrayed them and determined their expression profiles following bacterial or trypanosome challenge. In both infections many genes are downregulated, suggesting a malaise response in the midgut. Trypanosome and bacterial challenge result in upregulation of different genes, suggesting that different recognition pathways are involved in the two responses. The most notable block of genes upregulated in response to trypanosome challenge are a series of @entity36803 and Imd genes and a series of genes involved in oxidative stress responses. CONCLUSIONS: The project increases the number of known Glossina genes by two orders of magnitude. Identification of putative immunity genes and their preliminary characterization provides a resource for the experimental dissection of tsetse-trypanosome interactions.

title: Adult midgut expressed sequence tags from the tsetse XXXX Glossina morsitans morsitans and expression analysis of putative immune response genes.

entities_list: @entity7246 :: ('MESH:D014352', 'Disease') :: ['Trypanosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity7247 :: ('MESH:D014353', 'Disease') :: ['nagana', 'African trypanosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['fly']


abstract: Elderly @entity1 , defined as those >or= 70 years of age, represent approximately 40% of all @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1149 in the United States. Nonetheless, elderly @entity1 have been underrepresented in national cooperative group trials, and many do not receive appropriate treatment. Whereas the benefit of systemic chemotherapy in younger @entity1 is accepted by most clinicians, there remains a great deal of skepticism with respect to older @entity1 , who are often labeled unfit for chemotherapy. More recent studies with a special focus on elderly @entity1 demonstrate that these @entity1 indeed benefit from chemotherapy. The landmark Elderly Lung Cancer Vinorelbine Italian Study Group trial and the Multicentre Italian Lung Cancer in the Elderly Study clarified the role of @entity1206 in the treatment of elderly @entity1 . Retrospective and prospective subgroup analyses from selected North American trials suggested that elderly @entity1 also benefit from @entity902 -based combinations. Whether elderly @entity1 should be treated with single-agent versus combination chemotherapy is discussed in this review. The available data suggest that @entity1 should be evaluated for chemotherapy based on their performance status and comorbidities rather than age alone. For elderly @entity1 judged fit to receive combination chemotherapy, @entity3003 -based regimens are a reasonable option. In elderly @entity1 with less than optimal performance status or significant comorbid conditions, single-agent therapy may be more appropriate.

title: Management of advanced XXXX in elderly populations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of @entity7994 in the early diagnosis of @entity7207 (EP). METHODS: Clinical and @entity7994 features of 27 cases of @entity7207 were reviewed. RESULTS: A thick-walled @entity8597 ( @entity8597 )-like structure was demonstrated lateral to the uterus in all cases. On T2-weighted images, the thick wall typically exhibited 3 discrete rings in 22 cases (81  %), among which 17 cases (63  %) displayed small vessels and 6 cases (33  %) exhibited small areas of fresh @entity548 inside the thick wall. The contents demonstrated non-specific liquid in 26  %, papillary solid components in 56  %, and fresh blood or fluid-fluid level in 19  % of the cases. Dilatation of the affected fallopian tube associated with hematosalpinx was demonstrated in 18 cases (67  %) and marked enhancement of the tubal wall was observed in 22 cases (81  %). No correlation was found between the size of the @entity8597 and the estimated gestational age (r   =   0.056). CONCLUSION: @entity7994 plays an important role in the early diagnosis and management of @entity7207 . The characteristic @entity7994 features include a @entity8597 -like structure with a "three rings" appearance on T2-weighted images, presence of solid components in the sac, dilatation of the affected fallopian tube with hematosalpinx, and tubal wall enhancement. KEY POINTS:     MR imaging has served as a problem-solving procedure in ectopic pregnancy.     MR imaging features can be criteria for early diagnosis of @entity7207 .     Detailed assessment of ectopic implantation is necessary for management decision-making.

title: Role of @entity7994 in the early diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8597 :: ('MESH:D036821', 'Disease') :: ['gestational sac', 'GS']

entities_list: @entity7207 :: ('MESH:D011274', 'Disease') :: ['tubal ectopic pregnancy', 'tubal pregnancy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

answer: @entity7207 :: (MESH:D011274,Disease) :: ['tubal ectopic pregnancy']