abstract: Concurrent falls in milk production and electrical resistance of composite milk were examined in Israeli Holstein @entity291 . The @entity291 were milked three times a day by a system that recorded yield and the lowest electrical resistance in the composite milk from the four glands. The study included two groups: @entity291 that experienced on day 0 a decline in resistance and milk production > or = 20% from the mean of the previous 9 d (62 @entity291 , case group) and @entity291 that experienced no such episodes over 9 d before and after a fixed day (118 @entity291 , control group). Bacteriological status and somatic cell count (SCC) or @entity1271 test scores were assessed on the fixed day in the control group, and on days 0, 1 and 2 in the case group. @entity1271 test scores greater than 2 and SCC thresholds of 5 x 10(5) cells/ml were used to create two classes of leucocytosis. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in frequency distributions of pathogens and their types: in 30% of @entity291 infection was not detected, 33% were infected by major pathogens (95% of which were @entity794 ), and 53.5% by minor pathogens (80% Micrococcus spp.). @entity291 in the case group had lower milk production during the 8 d following day 0. Mean electrical resistance was lower in infected @entity291 and particularly in @entity291 infected by Staph. aureus. High leucocytosis was associated with reduced electrical resistance in both groups, and was found in 93% of @entity291 in the case group v. 25% in the control group. The results suggest that falls in electrical resistance of milk and in milk production were not linked to a specific pathogen, and were followed by 3-8 d of reduced milk production and electrical resistance. The study suggests that there are episodic aggravations in mammary health that do not evolve into clinical @entity1271 but may induce significant losses in milk yield and quality.

title: Subclinical XXXX assessed by deviations in milk yield and electrical resistance.

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity1271 :: ('MESH:D008413', 'Disease') :: ['California mastitis', 'mastitis']

answer: @entity1271 :: (MESH:D008413,Disease) :: ['mastitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the outcomes for @entity1 with @entity702 Greenfield vena caval filters (TGFs) and, in particular, to evaluate the effect of filter leg distribution on recurrent @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) and @entity432 . METHODS: Physical examination, abdominal plain films, and duplex ultrasound examinations of the inferior vena cava and lower extremities were obtained annually and recorded in a Filter Database. RESULTS: Seven hundred eighty-three TGFs have been placed since 1989. Follow-up was available for 373 @entity1 , or 65% of the surviving @entity1 , over 1 to 84 months (mean, 33 months). Asymmetry was identified in 42 placements (5%), and 35 of these @entity1 had at least one follow-up examination. The overall incidence of recurrent @entity1151 was 3.2% (12 of 373), whereas the caval patency rate was 97.8% (265 of 271). These outcomes were not significantly different for @entity1 who had asymmetric filters (p = 0.1 and 0.18, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Filter leg distribution does not appear to be associated with an increased incidence of recurrent @entity1151 or @entity432 . These data support earlier in vitro findings. The long-term results with the TGF are comparable with the results of the original stainless steel Greenfield filter.

title: Limb asymmetry in XXXX Greenfield filters: clinically significant?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['caval occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: Severe @entity3147 is widely distributed throughout the world, showing a high prevalence in developing countries. Experimental animal models have been useful to study the effects of @entity3147 at different levels and ages. Apoptosis is a well recognised process of cell death occurring under several physiological and pathological conditions. It represents the principal mechanism involved in cell selection in the thymus. Thymocyte apoptosis induction by @entity619 is one of the best characterised experimental models of programmed cell death. The aim of the present study was to determine whether severe @entity3147 increased spontaneous and/or @entity619 -induced apoptosis in vivo in thymocytes of experimentally malnourished @entity35 during lactation. Thymocytes were obtained from malnourished @entity35 at weaning (21d of age). Apoptosis frequency was estimated by the terminal transferase-mediated @entity1977 nick end labelling assay. Spontaneous apoptosis was 1.9 (sd 1.0) % in well nourished @entity35 in contrast to 13.3 (sd 3.8) % in malnourished animals; this is seven times greater (P<0.001). Interestingly, the frequency of @entity619 -induced apoptosis was similar in both groups of animals (47.9 (sd 10.1) % in well nourished @entity35 and 53.8 (sd 8.0) % in malnourished @entity35 ). The results obtained in the present study indicate that @entity3147 is associated with a significant increase of spontaneously apoptotic cells. In addition, the data showed that the fraction of thymocytes susceptible to @entity619 -induced apoptosis was similar in well nourished and malnourished animals. The greater levels of spontaneously apoptotic cells associated with @entity3147 could be related to alterations of the microenvironment of the thymus and/or to an obstruction of early thymocyte maturation.

title: Flow cytometric analysis of spontaneous and XXXX -induced apoptosis in thymocytes from severely malnourished @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: Because metabolism is a determinant of the ventilatory chemosensitivity, we tested the hypothesis that the ventilatory response to acute and prolonged @entity2944 is adjusted to the circadian oscillations in @entity26 consumption (VO2). Adult @entity35 were instrumented for measurements of body temperature (T(b)) and activity by telemetry. Pulmonary ventilation (VE) was measured by the barometric method and VO2 by the flow-through method. In the acute experiments, 16 conscious @entity35 entrained to a 12:12-h light (L)-dark (D) cycle (lights on 7:00 AM) were exposed to air, 2%, and then 5% @entity515 in normoxia (30-45 min each) at 11:00 AM and 11:00 PM. In a separate group of seven @entity35 , simultaneous recordings of all variables were made continuously for 3 consecutive days in air followed by 3 days in 2% @entity515 in normoxia, in a 12:12-h L-D cycle (lights on 7:00 AM). In air, all variables were significantly higher at night, whether @entity35 were studied acutely or chronically. Acute @entity515 exposure had similar significant effects at 11:00 AM and 11:00 PM on VE (approximately 25 and 100% increase with 2 and 5% @entity515 , respectively) and @entity4962 (approximately 8% drop with 5% @entity515 ), such that the hyperventilatory response (% increase in VE/VO2 from air) was similar at both times. Chronic @entity515 breathing increased VE at all times of the day, but less so during the L phase (approximately 15 vs. 22% increase in L and D, respectively), when activity was lower. However, VO2 was reduced from the air level (approximately 10% drop) in the L, such that the VE/VO2 response was similar between L and D. The same result was obtained when the VE/VO2 response was compared between the L and D phases for the same level of activity. These results suggest that, throughout the day, the hypercapnic hyperpnea, whether during acute or prolonged @entity515 , is perfectly adjusted to the metabolic level.

title: Circadian pattern of ventilation during acute and chronic @entity2944 in conscious adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 7063 Background: The addition of @entity136 (G) to doublet chemotherapy with @entity3003 (C) and @entity1311 (P) has demonstrated to improve clinical outcome of advanced stage IIIB and IV @entity1149 in a phase II-III study, albeit with significant hematologic @entity137 . In a previous dose finding study, we identified a safe GEMCAP regimen based on dose-limiting @entity137 . METHODS: @entity1 aged 18-75 years, with ECOG PS 0-1, and unresectable clinical stage IIIA @entity1149 , or stage IIIB suitable for definitive radiation treatment were treated in a phase II study with C AUC 5 i.v., P 175 mg/m(2) i.v. on day 1, and G 800 mg/m(2) i.v. on days 1 and 8, every 3 weeks for 3 cycles. @entity1 with stage IIIA disease in response following GEMCAP were reassessed for surgery; those with unresectable stage IIIA disease and stage IIIB, were treated with radiotherapy. Primary endpoint was response rate. Secondary endpoints included: @entity137 , progression-free survival (PFS), resection rate, and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). RESULTS: Of the 53 enrolled @entity1 , 42 were males, 11 females, 29 (55%) had stage IIIA, 24 (45%) stage IIIB @entity1149 , 47 (89%) had a PS 0. Forty partial responses and one complete response were observed, for an overall response rate of 80%. G3-4 and G2 @entity137 , occurring in >=  5% of @entity1 , included: @entity1398 (19-8%), hypertransaminemia (11-2%), @entity294 (6-0%), G3-4 @entity137 ; @entity1398 (34%), @entity1395 (25%), @entity294 (15%), @entity1897 (13%), osteomialgya (11%), hypertransaminemia (6%), @entity1209 (9%), G2 @entity137 . With a median follow-up of 20 months (range, 6-77) PFS was 10.5 months (95% CI, 9.9-11.4); @entity1349 was 21.1 months (95% CI, 19.6-22.9). Thirteen @entity1 were operated, for a resection rate of 44%. CONCLUSIONS: The GEMCAP regimen at the dose employed produced high response and resection rate, with acceptable @entity137 , as induction chemotherapy for clinical stage III @entity1149 . PFS and @entity1349 compared favourably with that expected for clinical @entity5 .

title: Induction chemotherapy with @entity136 - XXXX - @entity1311 (GEMCAP) in @entity5 ( @entity1149 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III disease']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea/vomiting']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) used in fertility clinics include @entity52 ( @entity52 ) and @entity6847 ( @entity6847 ), followed by embryo transfer into the biological or a surrogate mother. Over 1,000,000 liveborn offspring--an estimated 1 in 150 United States newborns--have been produced worldwide by ART since 1978. @entity52 appears to produce healthy @entity1 in singleton pregnancies, though concerns remain regarding preterm deliveries, multiple pregnancies, as well as the longer-term consequences of all ART procedures. Clinical studies remain difficult to interpret and subject to confounding variables, as developmental problems may be due to a parent's reproductive conditions rather than, or in addition to, an ART procedure. Also, because of expense and time commitments, the United States ART clinical population is not fully representative of society diversities. This socio-economic skewing might compensate for negative effects, masking small, or modest @entity851 . Embryo splitting (ES), an ART procedure used only with animals, can produce genetically identical offspring. ES involves dividing four- to eight-cell embryos into separate blastomeres and implanting them into empty zona pellucida, followed by embryo transfer. Although these ART techniques have produced nonhuman primate offspring, there has been no research on behavioral safety. Here, we report the first study of behavioral development by @entity2608 @entity1 produced through ES, @entity6847 , and @entity52 . We assessed neonatal reflexes, self-feeding ability, recognition memory, object concept attainment, simple discrimination learning and reversal, and learning set (LS) acquisition. Although the sample sizes are small, we found no overall ART group delayed development. Surprisingly, the ES and @entity6847 monkeys appeared to be accelerated in attaining age milestones involving sensory-motor behaviors and a difficult Well Hiding object concept task. We conclude that macaque monkeys may provide an excellent model for the study of early @entity1 development by offspring of parents with conditions requiring ART pregnancies, as well as a model for the behavioral study of genetic-environment interactions using identical twins produced by ES.

title: Neonatal behavior and XXXX cognitive development in @entity2608 produced by assisted reproductive technologies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus macaques']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['developmental deficits']

entities_list: @entity6847 :: ('MESH:C567467', 'Disease') :: ['intracytoplasmic sperm injection', 'ICSI']

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in vitro fertilization']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']


abstract: To study the dorsal surface of the @entity1 tongue using a @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ), tissue specimens were taken from the anterior part of the tongues of 15 individuals aged from 21- to 28-years-old. The @entity406 -fixed samples were processed routinely for @entity4653 . With @entity4653 the surface of the normal tongue mucosa was shown to be rather evenly covered by filiform papillae, with some @entity1829 scattered among them. @entity1829 consisted of two parts: the body and hairs. The mucosal surface of the body was smooth; the squamous epithelial cells were polygonal, and their boundaries were prominent. On the surface of the superficial epithelial cells were parallel or branching microplicae. Each filiform papilla had 6-10 hairs, which were scaled and covered by an extensive plaque of microorganism. The upper surface of the @entity1829 was smooth; only a few desquamating cells were seen. The superficial cells had a pitted appearance and cell boundaries overlapped. Taste pores, up to 3 pores in a single papilla, were found on the upper surface. Desquamation was more pronounced on the base of the @entity1829 than on the upper surface. In almost all @entity1829 some hairs protruded from the base. Parallel microplicae were found on the surface of the superficial cells of the base. The structure and function of the @entity1 tongue, as well as the microplicae of its superficial cells, are compared to those of various species of animals.

title: A scanning electron microscopic study of the dorsal surface of the XXXX tongue.

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['fungiform papillae', 'Filiform papillae']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Anatomical studies suggest that sites of @entity3361 are subject to early @entity731 . Coronary angiography is unable to confirm the lesions or provide information about their nature. On the other hand, endocoronary ultrasound is able to identify and, it is hoped, to determine the frequency and composition of the lesions. Nineteen @entity1 with @entity662 and angiographically normal or subnormal coronary arteries were included in a prospective study (16 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 : average age 53 +/- 10 years). Four @entity1 had spontaneous @entity2473 and in the other 15, @entity2473 was induced by intravenous injection of @entity3693 (6 micrograms/kg). After countering the @entity2473 with @entity3763 , the site of @entity2473 and adjacent segments were examined by endocoronary ultrasound. Localised @entity2553 which was stenotic in 14 cases and obstructive in 5 cases, was observed. The ECG was unchanged in 4 cases and showed ST-T segment changes in 15 cases. The artery affected was the left anterior descending in 10 cases, the left circumflex in 2 cases and the right coronary in 7 cases. A plaque of @entity1856 , defined as significant intimal thickening, was detected in 18 out of the 19 cases. This @entity1856 was classified as soft in 17 cases and hard in one case. The authors conclude that @entity2553 is not only associated with a plaque of @entity1856 , nearly always suspected at coronary angiography, but also its composition is nearly always soft (lipidic) from ultrasonographic data.

title: [Frequency and nature of @entity1856 at the site of XXXX of angiographically normal or subnormal coronary arteries: an endocoronary ultrasonographic study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity3763 :: ('MESH:D007548', 'Chemical') :: ['isosorbide dinitrate']

entities_list: @entity3361 :: ('MESH:D003329', 'Disease') :: ['coronary spasm']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3693 :: ('MESH:D004874', 'Chemical') :: ['ergometrine']

answer: @entity2473 :: (MESH:D013035,Disease) :: ['spasm']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Behavioral sensitization to @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) manifests as a progressive and enduring @entity2915 with repeated drug exposure. However, not all @entity19 sensitize to @entity167 and the neuronal mechanisms mediating vulnerability and resistance to @entity167 sensitization remain unclear. We examined regional brain expression of the immediate early gene activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) in order to identify brain areas in which neuroplastic changes may contribute to the development and expression of @entity167 sensitization. Male DBA/2J @entity19 received 5 biweekly injections of @entity167 (2.2g/kg, i.p.) or saline (SAL). They were categorized as high- ( @entity8682 ) or @entity258 ( @entity258 ) on the basis of final locomotor activity scores. In both @entity258 and @entity8682 @entity19 sacrificed after the last sensitization injection, Arc expression was decreased throughout the brain in comparison to SAL animals. A similar pattern was seen in @entity19 sacrificed after an @entity167 challenge two weeks after the last sensitization injection. However in this cohort, Arc expression was significantly increased in the central amygdala (CeA) in @entity258 @entity19 and in SAL @entity19 receiving @entity167 for the first time. No significant increases in Arc expression were seen in brains of sensitized ( @entity8682 ) animals. These results indicate an acute @entity167 challenge results in different patterns of Arc expression in brains of @entity258 , @entity8682 , and SAL @entity19 . The dramatic increases in Arc expression in the CeA in @entity258 and SAL @entity19 showing little or no behavioral activation suggests that neural activity in this region may serve to inhibit the stimulant effects of @entity167 . The observation that @entity8682 @entity19 do not show increases in Arc expression with an @entity167 challenge suggests the possibility that increased tolerance to the Arc-inducing effects of @entity167 may be a factor in behavioral sensitization.

title: Localized brain differences in Arc expression between XXXX showing low vs. high propensity to @entity1068 sensitization.

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['increase in locomotor activity']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['LS', 'low-sensitized']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Basal plasma ACTH(1-39) concentrations are elevated in long-term @entity519 (LTH) fetal @entity742 . This study was designed to determine whether the expression of genes regulating @entity701 biosynthesis was altered after LTH. Pregnant ewes were maintained at high altitude (3,820 m) from day 30 of gestation to near term, when the animals were transported to the laboratory. Reduced @entity4095 was maintained by @entity1568 infusion through a maternal tracheal catheter. On days 137-141, fetal adrenal glands were collected from LTH and normoxic control fetuses. Real-time PCR was used to quantify mRNA for steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, 17alpha-hydroxylase ( @entity68165 ), 21-hydroxylase (CYP21), @entity165 side-chain cleavage ( @entity68166 ), @entity1816 dehydrogenase type II (HSD3B2), and the @entity56184 . We analyzed mRNA by slot-blot hybridization and also quantified mRNA for transcription factors necessary for adrenocortical development by quantitative real-time PCR: @entity68167 and @entity13419 , @entity509 congenital, critical region on the X chromosome (DAX-1). Protein was quantified by Western blot analysis. Adrenal mRNAs for @entity68165 , @entity68166 , and the @entity56184 were significantly reduced in LTH fetal @entity742 compared with levels shown in controls. Similarly, @entity68166 protein and @entity68165 protein were reduced in the LTH group. CYP21, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, @entity68167 , and DAX-1 expressions were not altered in response to LTH. We conclude that expression of two key steroidogenic enzymes ( @entity68165 , @entity68166 ) regulating @entity701 biosynthesis and the @entity56184 is lower in response to LTH. This likely represents an adaptive response to LTH, to prevent excessive @entity701 production that would restrict fetal growth and potentially induce @entity3152 .

title: Long-term @entity519 represses the expression of key genes regulating XXXX biosynthesis in the near-term ovine fetus.

entities_list: @entity68167 :: ('443464(Tax:9940)', 'Gene') :: ['steroidogenic factor 1', 'HSD3B2, steroidogenic factor 1']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity1816 :: ('CHEBI:36836', 'Chemical') :: ['3beta-hydroxysteroid']

entities_list: @entity13419 :: ('MESH:C535601', 'Disease') :: ['dosage-sensitive sex reversal']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['cortisol']


abstract: The combination of sunitinb (37.5 mg orally daily) + @entity1311 (90 mg/m intravenously on days 1, 8, 15 every 4 weeks) was examined in @entity1 with advanced esophageal or gastroesophageal junction @entity5 , and progression-free survival (PFS) was compared to that of historical controls. The end points included response rate, overall survival, and @entity137 . Twenty-eight @entity1 were enrolled at six centers. Median age was 59.5 years. The 24-week PFS rate was 25% (90% confidence interval [CI], 12-42%). Three (11%) of 23 evaluable @entity1 had a response (1 complete response and 2 partial response) (90% CI, 3-25%). Median overall survival was 228 days (90% CI, 140-283 days). Grade 3/4 @entity137 included @entity1431 / @entity1398 (25%), @entity417 (18%), @entity1295 (11%), and @entity548 (11%). There were four grade 5 @entity137 including upper @entity360 (n = 2), @entity344 (n = 1), and unexplained @entity204 (n = 1). In our study, we found that @entity2240 + @entity1311 in @entity1 with advanced esophageal or gastroesophageal junction @entity5 had a 24-week PFS no better than the PFS of historical controls. The combination also had a high rate of serious @entity137 and will not be pursued.

title: @entity2240 plus @entity1311 in XXXX with advanced esophageal cancer: a phase II study from the Hoosier Oncology Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal/esophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sensorineural complications of stapes surgery are rare but potentially serious. Imaging is usually performed to identify an underlying cause, such as excessive intravestibular penetration of the prosthesis or pneumolabyrinth suggesting perilymphatic @entity292 . Unfortunately, there is very little data in an unselected series of uneventful @entity1 .The aim of this study was to analyze the depth of prosthesis penetration within the vestibule and the rate of pneumolabyrinth the day or the day after the procedure by performing a cone beam computed tomography of the temporal bone in a cohort of unselected @entity1 , and to correlate imaging findings to clinical outcome. METHODS: A prospective monocentric study was conducted in a tertiary referral medical center. A cone beam computed tomography was performed in 80 consecutive @entity1 having undergone stapes surgery for @entity8719 , the day or the day after the procedure. Penetration length and location of the prosthesis within the vestibule, as well as presence or absence of a pneumolabyrinth, were recorded, and compared with clinical data (vertigo, nystagmus, hearing measurement). RESULTS: Pneumolabyrinth was found in 15% of the @entity1 . The mean penetration length of the prosthesis within the vestibule was 1mm (0-1.9mm). No serious complication occurred during the study period. No correlations were found when comparing imaging findings to clinical outcome. CONCLUSION: Our results do not support empirically insights into detrimental effects of postoperative pneumolabyrinth or too long prosthesis after stapes surgery. Further studies are needed to better understand the causes of postoperative complications of stapes surgery.

title: Early Postoperative Imaging of the Labyrinth by Cone Beam CT After Stapes Surgery for XXXX With Correlation to Audiovestibular Outcome.

entities_list: @entity8719 :: ('MESH:D010040', 'Disease') :: ['otosclerosis']

answer: @entity8719 :: (MESH:D010040,Disease) :: ['Otosclerosis']


abstract: Discs containing the @entity24266 compound @entity69848 at various concentrations may be useful in differentiating the following closely related species belonging to the genus Bacillus, viz. @entity3881 , @entity10948 and @entity19344 ; @entity13464 and B. macerans; together with @entity5259 and its subspecies @entity5259 . mycoides. At concentrations of 10 micrograms O129, the ATCC type strain of @entity3881 was resistant whereas @entity10948 and @entity19344 were sensitive. However, @entity3881 was sensitive to O129 at 150 micrograms. Similar reactions differentiated the ATCC type strains of @entity13464 and B. macerans. The ATCC type strain of @entity5259 was resistant to O129 at both 150 micrograms and 10 micrograms, but its subspecies @entity5259 . mycoides (ATCC 28) was partially sensitive at 150 micrograms concentration. When clinical isolates of @entity5259 . mycoides were subsequently tested, this partial sensitivity was found to be a variable characteristic.

title: Sensitivity of aerobic spore-forming species of the genus Bacillus to the XXXX compound O129.

entities_list: @entity10948 :: ('1402', 'Species') :: ['B. licheniformis']

entities_list: @entity24266 :: ('CHEBI:27601', 'Chemical') :: ['pteridine']

entities_list: @entity5259 :: ('1396', 'Species') :: ['B. cereus', 'B. cereus var']

answer: @entity24266 :: (CHEBI:27601,Chemical) :: ['pteridine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is characterized by senile plaques, extracellular deposits composed primarily of @entity5357 ( @entity5357 ), and @entity3072 , which are abnormal intracellular inclusions containing hyperphosphorylated tau. The amyloid cascade hypothesis posits that the deposition of @entity5357 in the brain parenchyma initiates a sequence of events that leads to @entity303 . However, the molecular process by which the extracellular accumulation of @entity5357 peptides promotes intracellular pathologic changes in tau filaments remains unclear. To elucidate this process, we presumed that astrocytes might trigger neuronal reactions, leading to tau phosphorylation. In this study, we examined @entity195 pathology from the perspective of the astrocyte-neuron interaction. RESULTS: A cytokine-array analysis revealed that @entity5357 stimulates astrocytes to release several chemical mediators that are primarily related to @entity32 and cell adhesion. Among those mediators, @entity2301 ( @entity2301 ) was highly upregulated. In @entity195 brains, the expression of @entity2301 was found to be increased by western blot analysis, and increased expression of @entity2301 was observed in astrocytes via fluorescence microscopy. In addition, we reproduced the increase in @entity2301 after treatment with @entity5357 using @entity1 @entity816 cell lines and found that @entity2301 was expressed via calcineurin. In @entity195 brains, the activated forms of calcineurin were found to be increased by western blot analysis, and increased expression of calcineurin was observed in astrocytes via fluorescence microscopy. When Ser9 of glycogen synthase kinase-3b ( @entity9459 ) is phosphorylated, @entity9459 is controlled and tau phosphorylation is suppressed. @entity5357 suppresses the phosphorylation of @entity9459 , leading to tau phosphorylation. In this study, we found that IGF-   suppressed tau phosphorylation induced by @entity5357 , although @entity2301 inhibited this property of IGF-  . As a result, @entity2301 contributed to tau phosphorylation and cell death induced by @entity5357 . CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggested that calcineurin in astrocytes was activated by @entity5357 , leading to @entity2301 release. We further demonstrated that @entity2301 produced by astrocytes induced tau phosphorylation in neurons. Our study provides novel insights into the role of astrocytes in the induction of tau phosphorylation and suggests that @entity2301 could be an important link between @entity5357 and tau pathology and an important therapeutic target.

title: The participation of @entity2301 released by astrocytes in the pathology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2301 :: ('3486', 'Gene') :: ['IGFBP-3', 'insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein 3']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity3072 :: ('MESH:C536599', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibrillary tangles']

entities_list: @entity5357 :: ('MESH:D012497', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid-beta', 'Ab']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine if contrast-enhanced electron beam CT (EBCT) can detect areas of acute @entity741 , and if pharmacological stress testing improves the diagnostic accuracy of EBCT. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We injected 0.5 ml/kg and 1.0 ml/kg b.w. of @entity16940 at a rate of 4 ml/s into the right atrium of 5 ventilated female minipigs at rest and after occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. Both ventricles were examined at six short axis levels with an EBCT unit. Myocardial perfusion was calculated from the time-density curves of four left ventricular myocardial segments and the aorta. We also tested the effect of the contrast agent on myocardial density after i.v. administration of 0.6 mg/kg @entity4341 before and after @entity432 . RESULTS: At rest, the contrast agent increased myocardial density by 28+/-2 HU, corresponding to a myocardial perfusion estimate of 67+/-7 ml/min/100 g. After @entity4341 , myocardial density increased by 29+/-4 HU. Following occlusion of the LAD, anteroseptal myocardium displayed 10+/-4 HU density increase. The area of non-enhancement corresponded to ischemic myocardium in stained pathologic sections. CONCLUSION: Contrast-enhanced stress EBCT can be used to detect areas of @entity741 , and EBCT stress perfusion imaging may be necessary to consistently differentiate ischemic from non-ischemic myocardial tissue.

title: Detection of XXXX by electron beam CT. Experimental studies.

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['LAD occlusion']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity16940 :: ('MESH:C038192', 'Chemical') :: ['iopromide']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: Evidence suggests that @entity880 could be a preferential energy substrate transferred from astrocytes to neurons. Such a process implies the presence of specific @entity3338 transporters on both cell types. Expression of @entity34742 and @entity58856 , two isoforms of the @entity3338 transporter (MCT) family, was studied in enriched cultures of @entity19 cortical astrocytes or neurons. It was observed that, at both the mRNA and the protein levels, astrocytes strongly expressed @entity34742 but had very little if any @entity58856 . By contrast, neurons had high amounts of @entity58856 mRNA, although @entity34742 mRNA was also detected. Double immunofluorescent labelings with appropriate markers confirmed the cell-specific preference in the expression of @entity34742 and @entity58856 , but they revealed that a subset of neurons expresses low to moderate levels of @entity34742 . Parallel immunocytochemical stainings of cultured neurons with the presynaptic marker @entity25242 showed that @entity58856 expression is correlated with synaptic development. Although @entity58856 and @entity25242 were not colocalized, their distribution was similar, and they were often closely apposed, suggesting that @entity58856 could be associated with postsynaptic terminals. Interaction between astrocytes and neurons, as occurring in layered cultures, did not modify the levels of @entity34742 and @entity58856 expression or their distribution and cell-specific preference under the conditions used. However, a close apposition between neurites and @entity34742 -expressing astrocytic processes was apparent and developed as cultures evolved. In addition to providing an extensive description of MCT distribution in cultured cells, our data underscore the potential of such preparations for future studies on the regulation of MCT expression.

title: Cell-specific expression pattern of XXXX transporters in astrocytes and neurons observed in different @entity19 brain cortical cell cultures.

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity3338 :: ('CHEBI:35757', 'Chemical') :: ['monocarboxylate']

answer: @entity3338 :: (CHEBI:35757,Chemical) :: ['monocarboxylate']


abstract: The subrenal capsule assay (SRCA) is used in clinical oncology to assess the sensitivity of individual @entity5 to various anticancer agents and their combinations. Mitotic indices reflect @entity5 cell proliferation and have prognostic value in @entity2785 , including @entity43 . We combined the two tests (SRCA, mitotic index) by evaluating the numbers of mitotic figures per square millimeter of neoplastic epithelium (M/V) in @entity982 -embedded @entity5 samples after SRCA. The M/V index was compared with the @entity5 size measurement (dTS), which is used in conventional SRCA to predict the drug response. Histology examination showed insignificant changes in the size of @entity5 transplants due to host reaction but disclosed a number of potential errors in the use of dTS to evaluate transplant growth and drug effects. In our series of 62 @entity1 with advanced @entity43 the M/V value was superior to the dTS in explaining the clinical response after 6 months as assessed at second-look laparotomy. @entity1 showing no response had significantly higher M/V values than did those displaying complete or partial responses (P < 0.033). The use of 6 mitotic figures/ @entity202 as a limit differentiating responders from nonresponders resulted in an overall predictive accuracy of 79% in the logistic regression analysis. In comparison to the FIGO stage, @entity41 size, and the dTS, the M/V value obtained for the cytostatic combination given to the @entity1 was the single most significant factor predicting the 6-month clinical response. The results indicate that the combined use of the M/V index and SRCA is a promising new approach to prediction of the drug response in @entity43 .

title: Mitotic index in the subrenal capsule assay as an indicator of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2785 :: ('MESH:D009375', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['chemosensitivity of ovarian cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare endocrine profiles and IVF outcomes after using @entity1176 agonists ( @entity4397 ) to trigger final oocyte maturation in @entity1 with @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) with other hyper-responders. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: @entity4207 center. @entity1 (S): Forty @entity1 with @entity3610 and 74 hyper-responders without @entity3610 . INTERVENTION(S): @entity4397 trigger. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Number of oocytes. RESULT(S): Serum E2, LH, and P levels on the day of @entity4397 trigger and the day after trigger did not differ significantly between groups. There were no significant differences in total number of oocytes or percent mature oocytes obtained between groups after controlling for age, antral follicle count, and total days of stimulation. The overall rate of no retrieval of oocytes after trigger was low (2.6%). Fertilization, implantation, clinical pregnancy, and live-birth rates were similar in the two groups. No @entity1 developed @entity43 ( @entity43 ). CONCLUSION(S): The similar post- @entity4397 trigger hormone profiles and mature oocyte yield support the routine use of @entity4397 trigger to prevent @entity43 in @entity1 with @entity3610 .

title: Use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist trigger during in  vitro fertilization is associated with similar endocrine profiles and oocyte measures in XXXX with and without @entity3610 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome', 'OHSS']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome', 'PCOS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Crusted scabies is a severe, @entity74 associated with immune suppression. Affected individuals typically present with crusted @entity75 in a variety of locations. This condition can lead to severe complications: institutional outbreaks and secondary @entity2348 associated with @entity295 and high mortality. MAIN OBSERVATIONS: A 37-year-old @entity1 with a 12-year history of @entity1252 treated with @entity229 , @entity1499 , and @entity6383 presented with a three-week history of a @entity158 scalp @entity1910 with adherent yellow scale. Skin biopsy and tissue culture were consistent with a diagnosis of crusted scabies with superficial @entity2348 . The @entity1 was treated with oral @entity3070 and @entity315 cream, as well as @entity2177 for the @entity2348 . At one-week follow-up, the scalp was no longer tender and hyperkeratotic plaques had significantly improved. At one-month follow-up, the affected scalp demonstrated further improvement with decreasing erythema and @entity1665 with follicular ostia. CONCLUSIONS: Our case highlights the atypical presentation of crusted scabies with primary scalp involvement and need for vigilance in recognizing and appropriately treating this condition to prevent the consequences of longstanding infection. Combination treatment with @entity3070 and @entity315 is appropriate management for this condition.

title: Crusted scabies of the scalp in a XXXX with @entity1252 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3070 :: ('MESH:D007559', 'Chemical') :: ['ivermectin']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkeratotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections', 'bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity6383 :: ('MESH:D006886', 'Chemical') :: ['plaquenil']

entities_list: @entity315 :: ('MESH:D026023', 'Chemical') :: ['permethrin']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkeratotic, psoriasiform disorder']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: @entity35 islet cells in culture are able to form tridimensional aggregates with an architecture and functional activity similar to native islets: pseudoislets. Pseudoislets represent an alternative source for islet transplantation, because their transplant results in a long term allograft acceptance without immunosuppression of the host. Use of pseudoislets has been limited by their reduced yield and by poor reaggregation mass. Since culture conditions have been reported to affect reaggregation, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of two sera ( @entity2241 [ @entity2241 ] and @entity32785 [ @entity32785 ]) on reaggregation and insulin gene expression in pseudoislets. Islets were isolated from male Lewis @entity35 by means of histopaque gradient centrifugation. The day after islets were disrupted into single cells and cultured in RPMI 1640 5.6 mM @entity413 with 2%, 5% and 10% solutions of both @entity2241 and @entity32785 . Cells spontaneously reaggregated to form pseudoislets. After seven days of culture, pseudoislets were counted and analysed for insulin secretion and insulin gene expression using RT-PCR. Rat serum increased the number of aggregates and their diameters. Insulin gene expression of pseudoislets cultured with @entity32785 showed a ten fold increase in comparison to those cultured with @entity2241 . These data show that the culture medium supplemented with @entity32785 improves total reaggregate volume and increases insulin gene expression. With the perspective of pseudoislets' use in transplantation @entity32785 is better indicated than @entity2241 for the production of @entity35 pseudoislets.

title: Rat serum improves XXXX pseudoislet formation and insulin gene expression.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['FBS', 'Fetal Bovine Serum']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity116 has become an uncommon disease in developed countries. @entity116 is caused by exotoxins from the bacteria @entity3336 . This microbe, which is obligate anaerobe, is present in soil, and animal and @entity1 faeces. The condition usually appears after contamination of wounds. However, reports have been published of @entity116 occurring after both acute and selective gastrointestinal surgery. We present a case of severe postoperative @entity116 in a 57 year-old @entity1 who underwent bowel resection after strangulation of the ileum. The @entity1 was treated on an intensive care unit and was artificially ventilated for 64 days. Seven months later she had fully recovered. Clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and complications are discussed in the report. The diagnosis of @entity116 is made by clinical observation. Nowadays, lack of suspicion of this condition may cause delay in administering proper treatment. @entity1 and older @entity1 are often inadequately immunized. Doctors should therefore examine the immunization status of these groups of @entity1 regularly.

title: [Postoperative XXXX after gangrenous ileus].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity116 :: ('MESH:D013746', 'Disease') :: ['tetanus', 'Tetanus']

entities_list: @entity3336 :: ('1513', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium tetani']

answer: @entity116 :: (MESH:D013746,Disease) :: ['tetanus']


abstract: In a randomized study, @entity11794 was compared with @entity2379 for the treatment of @entity3 in a total of 239 adults from 56 sites in 20 countries. This study provided a unique opportunity to assess the frequency and outcome of @entity3 caused by different Candida species worldwide, and the results are presented here. Efficacy was primarily assessed at the end of intravenous therapy using a modified intent-to-treat (MITT) analysis. This analysis was performed on 224 of the 239 @entity1 enrolled in the study. Attempts were made to collect baseline Candida isolates from all @entity1 for species identification at a central laboratory. @entity375 were identified to the species level using two commercial systems and microscopic examination. Viable baseline isolates were recovered from 210 of the 224 (94%) @entity1 included in the MITT analysis. @entity5132 was the most frequently isolated species in all regions and was responsible for 45% of cases overall. Nevertheless, the majority of cases of @entity281 were caused by non- albicans Candida species. In the USA and Canada, @entity7408 was the second most commonly isolated pathogen (18%). In contrast, @entity7409 and @entity9841 accounted for 55% of cases in Latin America. Outcomes were comparable for @entity1 treated with @entity11794 (74% overall; 64% and 80% for infections due to @entity5132 and non- albicans species) and @entity2379 (62% overall; 58% and 68% for infections due to @entity5132 and non- albicans species), and were generally similar across continents. The distribution of Candida species isolated from @entity1 enrolled in a clinical trial may not be representative of pathogens causing @entity3 in the general population. Nevertheless, our findings may affect the regional choice of empirical antifungal therapy for seriously ill @entity1 with suspected or documented @entity3 since different Candida species have varying susceptibility to conventional antifungal drugs.

title: Global distribution and outcomes for Candida species causing @entity3 : results from an international randomized double-blind study of XXXX versus @entity2379 for the treatment of @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9841 :: ('5482', 'Species') :: ['Candida tropicalis']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity7408 :: ('5478', 'Species') :: ['Candida glabrata']

entities_list: @entity7409 :: ('5480', 'Species') :: ['Candida parapsilosis']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity11794 :: ('MESH:C105417', 'Chemical') :: ['caspofungin']

answer: @entity11794 :: (MESH:C105417,Chemical) :: ['caspofungin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT Previous forceplate studies analyzing the impact of sagittal-plane @entity85 on pelvic parameters have demonstrated the compensatory mechanisms of pelvis translation in addition to rotation. However, the mechanisms recruited for this pelvic rotation were not assessed. This study aims to analyze the relationship between spinopelvic and @entity1746 parameters and clarify the role of pelvic translation. METHODS This is a retrospective study of @entity1 with @entity85 images. @entity1 with only @entity850 or @entity1643 were excluded. @entity1 were grouped according to T-1 spinopelvic inclination (T1SPi): sagittal forward (forward, > 0.5  ), neutral (-6.3   to 0.5  ), or backward (< -6.3  ). Pelvic translation was quantified by pelvic shift (sagittal offset between the posterosuperior corner of the sacrum and anterior cortex of the distal tibia), hip extension was measured using the sacrofemoral angle (SFA; the angle formed by the middle of the sacral endplate and the bicoxofemoral axis and the line between the bicoxofemoral @entity2270 ), and chin-brow vertical angle (CBVA). Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to compare the parameters and correlation with the @entity717 Index (ODI). RESULTS In total, 336 @entity1 (71% female; mean age 57 years; mean body mass index 27 kg/m(2)) had mean T1SPi values of -8.8  , -3.5  , and 5.9   in the backward, neutral, and forward groups, respectively. There were significant differences in the @entity1746 and spinopelvic parameters between T1SPi groups. The backward group had a @entity1515 (LL), negative SVA and pelvic shift, and the largest hip extension. Forward @entity1 had a small LL and an increased SVA, with a large pelvic shift creating compensatory knee flexion. Significant correlations existed between lower-limb parameter and pelvic shift, pelvic tilt, T-1 pelvic angle, T1SPi, and sagittal vertical axis (0.3 < r < 0.8; p < 0.001). ODI was significantly correlated with knee flexion and pelvic shift. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to describe full-body alignment in a large population of @entity1 with spinal pathologies. Furthermore, @entity1 categorized based on T1SPi were found to have significant differences in the pelvic shift and lower-limb compensatory mechanisms. Correlations between lower-limb angles, pelvic shift, and ODI were identified. These differences in compensatory mechanisms should be considered when evaluating and planning surgical intervention for adult @entity1 with @entity85 .

title: Role of pelvic translation and @entity1746 to maintain gravity line position in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low-back pain']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['lower-extremity']

entities_list: @entity1515 :: ('MESH:D008141', 'Disease') :: ['normal lumbar lordosis']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['axis and the femoral axis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity', 'spinal deformity and full-body EOS']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['spinal deformity']


abstract: Mating activates @entity172 sensitive neurons in several regions of male @entity35 brain, including the @entity10036 ( @entity10036 ). Infusion of the aromatase inhibitor, @entity2628 , into the @entity10036 reduced mating, presumably by inhibiting conversion of @entity251 (T) to @entity53 (E(2)). We investigated whether administering E(2) locally into the amygdala (AMG) would maintain @entity146 in male @entity35 given systemic @entity2628 to eliminate E(2) elsewhere in the brain. Gonadally intact male @entity35 were divided into two matched groups, based on ejaculatory performance in weekly tests with receptive females. All males received 0.29 mg/kg/day sc @entity2628 and bilateral implants to AMG. E(2)-in-AMG males (N=6 experimentals) received implants tipped with a cured mixture of E(2) in Silastic Medical Adhesive, whereas Vehicle-in-AMG males (N=6 controls) received implants tipped with cured adhesive alone (without E(2)). In E(2)-in-AMG males, postoperative mount and intromission frequency did not differ significantly from pretreatment baseline levels, but ejaculation frequency declined significantly (P<.01). Conversely, in Vehicle-in-AMG males, postoperative mounts and intromissions (P<.01) and ejaculations (P<.01) declined significantly. Postoperative mount and intromission frequency of Vehicle-in-AMG males was significantly lower than that of E(2)-in-AMG males (P<.01), but ejaculation frequency did not differ significantly between groups. This suggests that E(2)-sensitive AMG neurons are important for sexual arousal but not ejaculatory performance.

title: @entity53 in the male XXXX amygdala facilitates mounting but not ejaculation.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity2628 :: ('MESH:D017316', 'Chemical') :: ['Fadrozole']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sexual behavior']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity10036 :: ('MESH:D020423', 'Disease') :: ['medial amygdala', 'MEA']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: In male hypogonadic mutant @entity35 (hgn/hgn), gonocytes degenerate and peritubular cells form multiple layers around seminiferous tubules during early postnatal testicular development. Alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity has been used as not only a tracer for the @entity2971 ( @entity2971 ) but also a histochemical marker for the peritubular myoid cells. In the present study, we examined the localization of AP activity during the postnatal testicular development in the hgn/hgn and phenotypically normal (+/+ or +/hgn) @entity35 . In the normal testis, high AP activity was located in the surface of the @entity2971 on 3 days of age. As the @entity2971 differentiated into spermatogonia, the AP activity drastically decreased in intensity on 7 days and was completely lost by 12 days. In the hgn/hgn, the @entity2971 showing high AP activity occupied the inside of dilated seminiferous tubules on 3 and 7 days of age. The luminal AP activity declined gradually by 18 days and disappeared on 21 days, when the germ cells completely degenerated in the hgn/hgn testis. In the normal, high AP activity emerged in a layer of the peritubular cells surrounding the tubules on 7 days and afterwards, indicating that the peritubular cells were differentiating into myoid cells. In the hgn/hgn, the peritubular cells formed multiple layers around the tubules and showed weak AP activity on 3 to 18 days of age. On 21 days of age, high AP activity emerged in a single layer of the peritubular cells directly attached to the basement membrane in the hgn/hgn. These results indicate that the @entity2971 showing AP activity kept remained at later stage in the hgn/ hgn and that the single layer of mature myoid cells showing high AP activity appeared much later in the hgn/hgn testis than in normal.

title: Temporal and spatial distribution of alkaline phosphatase activity in male hypogonadic XXXX (hgn/hgn) testis during postnatal development.

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['PGCs', 'primordial germ cells']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background Delirium is an acute change in mental status characterized by sudden onset, fluctuating course, inattention, disorganized thinking, and abnormal level of consciousness. The objective of the randomized controlled trial "A STrategy to Reduce the Incidence of @entity260 in Elderly @entity1 " (STRIDE) is to assess the effectiveness of light versus heavy sedation on @entity933 and other outcomes in elderly @entity1 undergoing @entity173 repair surgery. Our goal is to describe the design considerations and lessons learned in planning and implementing the STRIDE trial. Methods Discussed are challenges encountered including (1) how to ensure that we quickly identify, assess the eligibility of, and randomize traumatic @entity173 @entity1 ; (2) how to implement interventions that involve continuous monitoring and adjustment during the surgery; and (3) how to measure and ascertain the primary outcome, @entity933 . Results To address the first challenge, we monitored the operating room schedule more actively than anticipated. We constructed and organized eligibility assessment data collection forms by purpose and by source of information needed to complete them. We decided that randomization needs to take place in the operating room. To address the second challenge, we designed and implemented a treatment protocol and covered the bispectral index monitor to prevent the Anesthesiologist/Anesthetist from being influenced by the bispectral index reading while administering the intervention. Finally, clinical assessment of @entity933 consisted of standardized interviews of the @entity1 using validated instruments, interviews of those caring for the @entity1 , and review of the medical record. A consensus panel made the final determination of a @entity933 diagnosis. We note that STRIDE is a single-center trial. The decisions we took may have different implications for multi-center trials. Conclusions Lessons learned are likely to provide useful information to others designing trials in emergency and surgical setting and for those who are interested in unbiased assessment of @entity933 .

title: Design considerations of a randomized controlled trial of sedation level during XXXX repair surgery: a strategy to reduce the incidence of @entity260 in elderly @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative Delirium']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4810 is a complex multifactorial and polygenic disease, and genetic factors play an important role in its formation and development. Recently, the association between @entity23385 ( @entity23385 ) gene polymorphisms and @entity4810 risk has attracted widespread attention due to the unique biological functions of FSH. The aim of this study was to further explore the associations between the @entity67178 and @entity23384 polymorphisms of the @entity23385 gene and @entity4810 . A case-control study of 212 @entity249 and 164 fertile @entity1 from North China was performed. @entity23385 polymorphism genotypes were obtained through direct DNA sequencing. A meta-analysis was also performed. In the single-site association analysis, no significant associations were identified between @entity23385 @entity67178 and @entity23384 polymorphisms and @entity4810 (P > 0.05). However, we found that the combined genotypic frequency of Thr/Ala + @entity2734 / @entity2734 was higher in @entity249 @entity1 than in controls (6.6 vs 1.8%; odds ratio (OR) = 3.795; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.072-13.434, P = 0.027). In the meta-analysis, there was also no evidence of @entity23385 polymorphism ( @entity66575 and @entity70411 ) association with @entity4810 (P > 0.05). However, we found that the combined genotypes Thr/Thr + @entity2734 / @entity2734 had an increased risk of @entity4810 (OR = 1.238; 95%CI: 1.001-1.537, P = 0.049). Our studies further confirmed reports that there were no significant associations between the @entity23385 @entity67178 and @entity23384 polymorphisms and @entity4810 risk. However, a combined @entity23385 genotype showed significant association with @entity4810 .

title: @entity23385 gene @entity67178 and @entity23384 polymorphisms in XXXX @entity1 : an association study in North China and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertile']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['Male infertility', 'male infertility']

entities_list: @entity23385 :: ('2492', 'Gene') :: ['FSHR', 'follicle stimulating hormone receptor']

entities_list: @entity67178 :: ('p|SUB|T|307|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Thr307Ala']

entities_list: @entity23384 :: ('p|SUB|N|680|S', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Asn680Ser']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertile']


abstract: We report on a case of a @entity356 of the sporadic type successfully treated by endoscopic electroresection. From January 1998 to October 2002, 1523 gastroscopies were performed in the Palermo University General Emergency Surgery and Organ Transplant Unit. In a 59-year-old @entity1 with a history of @entity2210 , a @entity1819 was observed in the gastric corpus. Laboratory data were normal. The lesion was successfully treated by electroresection. Histological evaluation revealed an 8-mm-diameter well-differentiated @entity5 infiltrating the muscularis mucosa. According to Rindi et al.'s classification, the polyp was a carcinoid of the sporadic type. A two-year follow-up consisting in gastroscopy every 6 months and evaluation of @entity5 markers and CT scans once a year has so far shown no recurrence. Surgical treatment is the therapy of choice for @entity356 , but endoscopic resection may be a successful alternative in cases of @entity4303 measuring less than 1 cm and presenting multricentric growth. Moreover, endoscopy can also be used in patents at high surgical risk.

title: [Endoscopic treatment of XXXX . Report of a clinical case].

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['sessile polypoid gastric lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine polypoid tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoids']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoids', 'gastric carcinoid']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoid']


abstract: We report the successful treatment of a 77-year-old @entity1 after a difficult diagnosis of @entity339 resulting from complete rupture of the anterior papillary muscle. The @entity1 with @entity1455 was an emergency admission. An electrocardiogram showed acute lateral wall @entity583 . He had complications of @entity491 and a high-grade fever. Transesophageal echocardiography seemed to show the appearance of a large area of @entity47 attached to the anterior mitral valve leaflet and aortic non-coronary cusp, resulting in severe @entity339 . We performed coronary angiography, which showed @entity453 . We determined that the condition was caused by @entity884 . Emergency surgery showed the complete rupture of the anterior papillary muscle, but there was no @entity47 . The mitral valve was replaced with a bioprosthetic valve and the circumflex coronary artery was bypassed with a saphenous vein graft. Pathological examination revealed mitral valve to be non-mycotic, and the postoperative course was uneventful.

title: Acute XXXX due to complete rupture of anterior papillary muscle mimicking mitral valve vegetation.

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve regurgitation', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['complete obstruction of the circumflex coronary artery']

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['vegetation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral valve regurgitation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish the prevalence of @entity1887 ( @entity1887 ) in @entity1 with @entity5202 treated with swallowed @entity5023 (FP) or @entity4184 . STUDY DESIGN: @entity1 treated with FP or @entity4184 for >= 6  months underwent a low-dose adrenocorticotropin stimulation test. @entity1 using systemic, inhaled, intranasal, or topical glucocorticoids were excluded. The primary outcome is @entity1887 , defined as peak serum @entity701 <18   g/dL ( <=495  nmol/L). RESULTS: Of 58 @entity1 (81% male), 67% were on FP (median age 13.7  years [range 4.3-19.1], dose 1320   g/d [440-1760], treatment duration 4.0  years [0.6-13.5]). Thirty-three percent were on @entity4184 (median age 10.7  years [range 3.2-17.2], dose 1000   g/d [500-2000], treatment duration 3.4  years [0.6-7.7]). The overall prevalence of abnormal peak @entity701 response ( <=20   g/dL) was 15% (95% CI 6%-25%) (indeterminate [18-20   g/dL] 5% [n  =  3] vs @entity1887 [<18   g/dL] 10% [n  =  6]). All @entity1 on @entity4184 had a normal response vs only 77% of @entity1 on FP (P  =  .02), all of whom were taking FP at a dose >440   g/d. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1887 was present in 10% of @entity1 treated with swallowed glucocorticoids for >= 6  months and was found only in those treated with FP >440   g/d. We recommend low-dose adrenocorticotropin stimulation testing in @entity1 treated long term with high dose FP to allow early detection of @entity1887 .

title: XXXX after Chronic Swallowed Glucocorticoid Therapy for @entity5202 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity5202 :: ('MESH:D057765', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency', 'AI']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone propionate']

answer: @entity1887 :: (MESH:D000309,Disease) :: ['Adrenal Insufficiency']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conventional pacemaker implantation induces @entity1002 , which might affect the LV function. We sought to evaluate the impact of different right ventricular (RV) pacing sites on the @entity1002 and performance. METHODS: Comprehensive echocardiographic evaluation including the @entity67 based on M-mode, conventional Doppler and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) was done before and immediately after (< 7 days) pacemaker implantation. For the LV performance, LV ejection fraction, longitudinal peak systolic velocity at the mitral annulus (S') annular or mean longitudinal velocity of the 6 basal segments (Sm) were used. These results were compared with those of 15 age matched controls. RESULTS: A total of 79 @entity1 (48 females, mean age 63    12 years) underwent RV pacing at the apex (n = 45, group I) or the septum (n = 34, group II). After pacemaker implantation, the QRS duration was significantly increased in both groups, but the change was greater in group I (57.1    28.3 versus 32.8    40.5 msec). Both the S' and Sm were lower in pacing groups than those in controls and Sm was significantly higher in group II (4.2    1.0 versus 4.9    1.3 m/sec) than group I despite a similar LV ejection fraction. The aortic pre-ejection time and septal to posterior wall motion delay in @entity1 with pacemaker were longer compared to normal controls, but there were no significant differences. Both the TDI velocity and strain analysis showed no difference of the dyssynchrony indices between the two groups, despite a higher tendency of @entity6475 indices in the RV apical pacing group compared to those of the control. CONCLUSION: Despite the marked increase of the QRS duration after pacing, M-mode, Doppler and @entity10345 failed to demonstrate any difference according to the pacing sites. The long-term effect of the longitudinal contraction being less affected and a smaller increase of the QRS duration in the RV septal pacing group needs to be confirmed in a longitudinal follow-up study.

title: Comparison of XXXX according to the position of right ventricular pacing electrode: a multi-center prospective echocardiographic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['Doppler strain dyssynchrony']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['atrio-ventricular, inter- and intra-ventricular dyssynchrony']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV dyssynchrony', 'left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['ventricular dyssynchrony']


abstract: Summary. With increasing use of motorcycle as means of transport in developing countries, @entity131 from motorcycle crashes have been increasing. The only single gadget that protects riders from @entity131 is crash helmet. Objective. The objectives were to determine the treatment outcome among @entity131 @entity1 from motorcycle crashes and the rate of helmet use among them. Methods. It was a prospective, cross-sectional study of motorcycle-related @entity131 @entity1 managed in our center from 2010 to 2014. @entity1 were managed using our unit protocol for @entity131 . Data for the study were collected in accident and @entity341 , intensive care unit, wards, and outpatient clinic. The data were analyzed using Environmental Performance Index (EPI) info 7 software. Results. Ninety-six @entity1 were studied. There were 87 males. Drivers were 65. Only one @entity1 wore helmet. Majority of them were between 20 and 40 years. Fifty-three @entity1 had mild @entity542 . Favorable outcome among them was 84.35% while mortality was 12.5%. Severity of the injury affected the outcome significantly. Conclusion. Our study showed that the helmet use by motorcycle riders was close to zero despite the existing laws making its use compulsory in Nigeria. The outcome was related to severity of @entity130 .

title: Motorcycle-Related XXXX : Helmet Use and Treatment Outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury', 'traumatic brain injuries']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Traumatic Brain Injuries']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the safety and effectiveness of Guglielmi detachable coils in the endovascular treatment of ruptured and nonruptured basilar tip @entity439 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A basilar @entity439 was occluded with Guglielmi detachable coils in 21 @entity1 . The aneurysmal diameter was small (less than 12 mm) in 15 @entity1 , large (12-25 mm) in four @entity1 , and giant (more than 25 mm) in two @entity1 . Angiographic follow-up ranged from 6 to 48 months (mean, 26 months); clinical follow-up ranged from 1 to 48 months. RESULTS: Embolization was technically successful in all @entity1 . Complete occlusion was achieved in 14 (67%) @entity1 ; 90% occlusion was achieved in seven (33%) @entity1 . There was partial reperfusion of the @entity439 in three @entity1 (14%) after 6 months, which necessitated repeated embolization. The clinical results were excellent in 13 @entity1 , good in six, and fair in one. One @entity1 died 2 months after the embolization due to @entity358 . A posterior cerebral artery was occluded in five (24%) @entity1 ; one of these @entity1 developed a permanent @entity51 , one developed a transient @entity51 , and three had no clinical symptoms. CONCLUSION: Endovascular treatment of a basilar @entity439 with Guglielmi detachable coils seems to be a safe and less invasive alternative to surgical clipping.

title: Basilar XXXX : endovascular treatment with Guglielmi detachable coils--midterm results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'tip aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['tip aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The growing number of @entity1 with @entity712 has increased both the pressure on hospital resources and the need for community management of the condition. Improving hospital-to-home transition for this population is a logical step in responding to current practice guidelines' recommendations for coordination and education. Positive outcomes have been reported from trials evaluating multiple interventions, enhanced hospital discharge, and follow-up through the addition of a case management role. The question remains if similar gains could be achieved working with usual hospital and community nurses. METHODS: A 12-week, prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted of the effect of transitional care on health-related quality of life (disease-specific and generic measures), rates of readmission, and emergency room use. The nurse-led intervention focused on the transition from hospital-to-home and supportive care for self-management 2 weeks after hospital discharge. RESULTS: At 6 weeks after hospital discharge, the overall Minnesota Living with @entity712 Questionnaire (MLHFQ) score was better among the Transitional Care @entity1 (27.2 +/- 19.1 SD) than among the Usual Care @entity1 (37.5 +/- 20.3 SD; P = 0.002). Similar results were found at 12 weeks postdischarge for the overall MLHFQ and at 6- and 12-weeks postdischarge for the MLHFQ's Physical Dimension and Emotional Dimension subscales. Differences in generic quality life, as assessed by the SF-36 Physical component, Mental Component, and General Health subscales, were not significantly different between the Transition and Usual Care groups. At 12 weeks postdischarge, 31% of the Usual Care @entity1 had been readmitted compared with 23% of the Transitional Care @entity1 (P = 0.26), and 46% of the Usual Care group visited the emergency department compared with 29% in the Transitional Care group (chi2 = 4.86, df 1, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: There were significant improvements in health-related quality of life (HRQL) associated with Transitional Care and less use of emergency rooms.

title: Quality of life of individuals with XXXX : a randomized trial of the effectiveness of two models of hospital-to-home transition.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'Heart Failure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: It is widely accepted that substantial nighttime sap flux (J s,n) or transpiration (E) occurs in most plants, but the physiological implications are poorly known. It has been hypothesized that J s,n or E serves to enhance @entity1568 uptake or deliver @entity26 ; however, no clear evidence is currently available. In this study, sap flux (J s) in @entity38242 * urophylla with apparent stem photosynthesis was measured, including control trees which were covered by @entity3775 foil (approximately 1/3 of tree height) to block stem photosynthesis. We hypothesized that the nighttime water flux would be suppressed in trees with lower stem photosynthesis. The results showed that the green tissue degraded after 3  months, demonstrating a decrease in stem photosynthesis. The daytime J s decreased by 21.47  %, while J s,n decreased by 12.03  % in covered trees as compared to that of control, and the difference was statistically significant (P   <   0.01). The linear quantile regression model showed that J s,n decreased for a given daytime transpiration water loss, indicating that J s,n was suppressed by lower stem photosynthesis in covered trees. Predawn (   pd) of covered trees was marginally higher than that of control while lower at predawn stomatal conductance (g s), indicating a suppressed water flux in covered trees. There was no difference in leaf @entity505 content and   @entity7352 between the two groups, while leaf @entity1568 content and   @entity13140 were significantly higher in covered trees than that of the control (P   <   0.05), indicating that J s,n was not used for @entity1568 uptake. These results suggest that J s,n may act as an @entity26 pathway since green tissue has a higher respiration or @entity26 demand than non-green tissue. Thus, this study demonstrated the physiological implications of J s,n and the possible benefits of nighttime water use or E by the tree.

title: Suppression of nighttime sap flux with lower stem photosynthesis in XXXX trees.

entities_list: @entity38242 :: ('71139', 'Species') :: ['Eucalyptus grandis']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity3775 :: ('MESH:D000535', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity38242 :: (71139,Species) :: ['Eucalyptus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The gold standard for identifying @entity64 lesions is manual tracing, a method that is known to be observer dependent and time consuming, thus impractical for big data studies. We propose LINDA (Lesion Identification with Neighborhood Data Analysis), an automated segmentation algorithm capable of learning the relationship between existing manual segmentations and a single T1-weighted MRI. A dataset of 60 left hemispheric @entity64 @entity1 is used to build the method and test it with k-fold and leave-one-out procedures. With respect to manual tracings, predicted lesion maps showed a mean dice overlap of 0.696        0.16, Hausdorff distance of 17.9        9.8 mm, and average displacement of 2.54        1.38 mm. The manual and predicted lesion volumes correlated at r   =   0.961. An additional dataset of 45 @entity1 was utilized to test LINDA with independent data, achieving high accuracy rates and confirming its cross-institutional applicability. To investigate the cost of moving from manual tracings to automated segmentation, we performed comparative lesion-to-symptom mapping (LSM) on five behavioral scores. Predicted and manual lesions produced similar neuro-cognitive maps, albeit with some discussed discrepancies. Of note, region-wise LSM was more robust to the prediction error than voxel-wise LSM. Our results show that, while several limitations exist, our current results compete with or exceed the state-of-the-art, producing consistent predictions, very low failure rates, and transferable knowledge between labs. This work also establishes a new viewpoint on evaluating automated methods not only with segmentation accuracy but also with brain-behavior relationships. LINDA is made available online with trained models from over 100 @entity1 . Hum Brain Mapp, 2016.    2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Automated segmentation of XXXX using LINDA: Lesion identification with neighborhood data analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'chronic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['chronic stroke lesions']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective. The aim of this pilot study was to compare the occurrence of @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) symptoms, @entity308 ( @entity308 )-related symptoms, and negative mood regulation capacities among Israeli Jewish and Arab @entity1 and their parents, all of whom had been exposed to recurrent missiles attacks during the Second Lebanon War. Methods. @entity1 consisted of 28 Jewish and 14 Arab @entity1 (aged 4-18 years) and their parents. They were assessed by self-report instruments and a semi-structured interview (K-SADS-PL). Results. Among @entity1 , @entity1005 and @entity308 were found to be interrelated. Parents' @entity308 and mood regulation were found to be related to their @entity1 's @entity1005 and @entity308 responses. Both @entity1 's and parents' negative mood regulation capacities were inversely related to @entity1 's @entity308 and @entity1005 symptoms. Both Jewish and Arab @entity1 's scores on the @entity1 Depression Inventory (CDI) and on the @entity1005 Scale Symptoms Interview (PSS-I) showed significant levels of @entity147 following the missile attacks. However, Arab @entity1 reported significantly higher levels of @entity1005 and @entity308 in comparison to Jewish @entity1 . Conclusion. Ethnicity seems to be an important factor in @entity1 's responses to war-related events.

title: Effects of ethnicity on sub-clinical XXXX and @entity308 , following exposure to missile attacks in Israel-A pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['emotional distress']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'depressive symptoms', 'depression', 'depressive', 'major depression disorder']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

answer: @entity1005 :: (MESH:D013313,Disease) :: ['PTSD']


abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To understand the experiences of @entity1 with a history of @entity734 when they attempted to gain parenting support. BACKGROUND: Becoming a mother provides a window of opportunity to support @entity1 with a @entity734 make changes to their lives and the way they will parent their @entity1 and young @entity1 . Yet there are many barriers and a constant fear of the removal of their @entity1 from their care. DESIGN: Focus groups were conducted using a qualitative interpretive descriptive approach to enable exploration of the @entity1 's experiences as mothers with @entity1 and young @entity1 . METHOD: A series of three focus groups were facilitated with three to six @entity1 per group. Thirteen @entity1 who were substance dependent participated in this study. Semi-structured interviews guided the collection of data. Thematic content analysis was used to work with the data. RESULTS: Four themes were identified: (1) feelings of guilt, (2) judged by others, (3) normalising and (4) support and learning to be a mother. CONCLUSION: The mothers expressed alienation from mainstream health services. Providing parenting and @entity1 health services, which avoid mothers feeling judged by the staff and other mothers, is an important step to enabling these @entity1 to appropriately and sensitively care for their @entity1 and young @entity1 . RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Midwives and nurses working with mothers and their @entity1 and young @entity1 are well positioned to support @entity1 who are or have experienced @entity734 . Working with this group of mothers requires the development of a therapeutic relationship to provide optimum support, education and, if necessary, intervention.

title: Experiences of mothers with XXXX : Informing the development of parenting support.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance dependence']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['substance dependence']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Workers' compensation @entity1 are known to be associated with inferior outcomes following lumbar surgery. We investigated demographics and clinical characteristics between the reoperative and non-reoperative group of @entity1 undergoing decompression-alone lumbar surgery (discectomy and/or laminectomy) for on-the-job injuries (OJI) at our institute, and evaluated its possible impact on the @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). METHODS: A retrospective analysis of @entity1 undergoing lumbar surgery for OJI between 2003 through 2010 by a single surgeon (A.N.) was performed. A comparison of baseline clinical and demographic parameters between the two groups was compared using Fisher's exact test for the categorical variables and the independent t-test (2-tailed) for the continuous variables. Overall, @entity1349 was presented in Kaplan-Meier curves and the @entity1349 difference was compared using log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test. Cox proportional hazard model was used for the univariate and multivariate analysis and hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals were reported. RESULTS: About 92 @entity1 with mean age 48.07  10.10 years and mean follow-up of 36.4 (range 24.3-66.0) months were included. About 38 (41.3%) @entity1 underwent reoperation for failed decompression-alone procedures whereas the non-reoperative cohort comprises 54 (58.7%) @entity1 . Female gender (p=0.015) and history of previous surgery (p=0.05) were associated with a higher chance of reoperation. Majority of the reoperations (20/38, 52.6%) were performed within the first 2 years, with a @entity1349 at the end of 2 years being 78.3% (n=72) and 58.9% (n=53) at 5 years. Cox-regression analysis did not demonstrate any influence of @entity1 and treatment-related factors on the @entity1349 . CONCLUSION: There is a substantial risk of redo surgeries following decompression-alone lumbar procedures for OJI. As @entity1 and treatment-related factors did not influence the reoperation rates and @entity1349 in this study, it appears that workman compensation status of @entity1 is inherently associated with poor outcomes following spine surgeries.

title: Predictors of XXXX following decompression-alone lumbar spine surgery for on-the-job injuries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['reoperation-free survival', 'RFS']

answer: @entity1349 :: (MESH:D011475,Disease) :: ['reoperation-free survival']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Surgical resection of sacral @entity3580 offers the best long-term prognosis but has high rates of local recurrence, @entity3 , and mortality. Most prognostic studies are limited by low @entity1 numbers, variation in treatment, follow-up, and prognostic variables studied. The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with recurrence, @entity3 , and survival. METHODS: Retrospective review of 58 @entity1 undergoing sacrectomy for @entity3580 with a mean age of 63 years (range: 41-80 years) and a mean follow-up of 45.3 months (range: 2-144 months). Data on prognostic variables and outcomes were collected. Forty-two @entity1 underwent a combined anterior and posterior approach and 16 underwent a posterior-only approach. RESULTS: Twenty-six @entity1 (44.8%) died during follow-up. Kaplan-Meier estimates for 5- and 10-year survival were 62% and 26%, respectively. Local recurrence occurred in 32 @entity1 (51.7%) and @entity3 in 19 (32.7%). Adequacy of resection margins was the most important predictor of disease recurrence, @entity3 , and survival. Tumors >8 cm were associated with significantly increased risk of @entity3 and reduced survival (P < 0.05). @entity66 and infiltration of the @entity2720 and/or adjacent musculature were also associated with reduced survival. Median survival was 23 months for @entity1 with @entity3 , 66 months for gluteus maximus and @entity3 , 67 months for @entity3 , and 90 months for @entity1 with no muscle invasion. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with inadequate resection margins, @entity5 >8 cm, sacroiliac joint and/or musculature infiltration, and dedifferentiated disease have significantly worse oncologic outcomes. Involvement of gluteus maximus alone confers a higher risk of @entity3 and local recurrence than involvement of piriformis and gluteus maximus, or piriformis alone.

title: Prognostic Factors in the Operative Management of Sacral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Dedifferentiated disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3580 :: ('MESH:D002817', 'Disease') :: ['chordomas', 'chordoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'piriformis invasion', 'metastases', 'gluteus maximus invasion']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['sacroiliac joints']

answer: @entity3580 :: (MESH:D002817,Disease) :: ['Chordomas']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency and safety of single-agent bevacizumab therapy for recurrent @entity463 ( @entity463 ). We identified @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity463 and World Health Organization Grade III @entity11 who were previously treated with @entity2903 plus radiotherapy and received 10  mg/kg bevacizumab intravenous infusion every 2  weeks until disease progression for recurrent disease. A total 24 @entity1 included to this study. Twenty-two @entity1 had @entity463 , and two @entity1 had WHO grade III @entity11 . No complete response was observed, five @entity1 (20.8  %) had partial response, nine @entity1 (37.5  %) had stable diseases, and ten @entity1 (41.7  %) had progressive diseases. The overall response rate was 20.8  %. The 6-month PFS rate (PFS6) and median PFS were determined as 37.5  % and 4.1  months, respectively. Median @entity3012 was 6.4  months. Performance status of 17 (70.8  %) @entity1 was improved following bevacizumab regimen. Univariate analysis showed that improvement @entity159 ( @entity159 ) following bevacizumab therapy was a significant predictor of both PFS (p  <  0.001) and @entity3012 (p  <  0.020). Bevacizumab-related adverse effects were observed in 13 (54.1  %) @entity1 . Grade 3-4 @entity137 was observed in 4 (16.6  %) @entity1 . Therapy interruptions were experienced in two @entity1 due to adverse effects. Single-agent bevacizumab is an effective and safe treatment alternative in recurrent @entity463 . @entity159 following bevacizumab therapy was a significant predictor of both PFS and @entity3012 .

title: Single-agent bevacizumab is an effective treatment in recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma multiforme', 'GBM', 'glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['IPS', 'in performance status']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 5090 Background: Phase I trials have established the combination of pegylated liposomal @entity632 ( @entity6065 [D]) and @entity136 as a tolerable regimen for @entity1 (pts) with recurrent @entity5 . Response rates and durations to single agent therapies in recurrent @entity43 are disappointingly low enough to warrant investigation of combination therapies. METHODS: Twenty-five pts with recurrent @entity43 were enrolled in a phase II trial of D 25mg/m2 day 1 with @entity136 650mg/m2 day 1 and 8. All pts were previously treated with @entity3003 and @entity1311 , and 11 pts had received a second @entity902 regimen for @entity66 . Four pts were @entity902 refractory, four were @entity902 resistant, and 17(68%) were @entity902 sensitive with a mean of 14.5 (range 7 to 29) months since the last @entity902 therapy. The median number of prior chemotherapy regimens was 2 (range 1 to 4). All pts had measurable disease and radiographic responses were determined with CAT scans every three cycles. RESULTS: Twenty-four pts completed 3 to 12 (mean 6) cycles of therapy, and one pt was lost to followup after cycle four. Objective responses were demonstrated in 16 (64%) pts. Seven pts achieved a complete response (CR) with a mean progression free interval (PFI) of 7 (range 6 to 18) months. Nine (36%) pts had a partial response (PR) and six (24%) pts demonstrated @entity66 ( @entity66 ). The PFI for both PR and @entity66 pts was 5.4 (range 3 to 10) months. Three (12%) pts showed progression at cycle 3. Overall 22/25 (88%) pts demonstrated a clinical benefit with disease response or stabilization (17/17 @entity902 sensitive vs. 5/8 @entity902 resistant/refractory). Two pts with PR withdrew secondary to @entity137 at 4 and 5 cycles (recurrent @entity31727 ) @entity882 , @entity5515 ). There were no episodes of @entity1398 . Transient @entity31727 @entity1398 was observed in 6 (24%) pts and @entity31727 @entity882 in one. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of D and @entity136 is an active regimen for recurrent @entity43 , with response rates that exceed those reported for either single agent. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: @entity6065 and XXXX combination therapy for recurrent @entity43 : Results of a phase II trial.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD', 'relapsed disease']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity5515 :: ('MESH:D017499', 'Disease') :: ['palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2685 is one of the most serious @entity1897 . However, clinical outcomes are generally unsatisfactory. It has been reported that cortical plasticity could influence the restoration of motor function. However, the neurological mechanism of BPI remains unclear, which provides a basis for further investigation. Supplementary motor area ( @entity11280 ) plays an important role in the regulation of motor function. This study aims to explore @entity11280 -whole brain functional connectivity after deafferentation of the brachial plexus. METHODS: Sixteen BPI @entity1 and eight healthy volunteers were recruited. The seed region was defined by a block-design fMRI program which used unilateral imaginary hand grasp motion as a task stimulus. Next, the ROI-wise functional connectivity between the predefined region and the other regions of the brain was calculated. RESULTS: We discovered decreased ROI-wise functional connectivity between @entity11280 and multiple brain regions including precuneus, posterior cingulum cortex and anterior cingulum cortex. CONCLUSIONS: BPI @entity1 showed weakened functional connectivity between hand-grasp related areas and @entity11280 as well as multiple regions associated with motor processing or information integration A clear image of the functional status of the brain after deafferentation was provided. On the basis of this discovery, a relationship between changes in neural imaging measurements and clinical outcomes can be expected in future studies.

title: Supplementary Motor Cortical Changes Explored by Resting-state Functional Connectivity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve injuries']

entities_list: @entity2685 :: ('MESH:C536265', 'Disease') :: ['Brachial plexus injury']

answer: @entity2685 :: (MESH:C536265,Disease) :: ['Brachial Plexus Injury']