abstract: UNASSIGNED: In @entity238 olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) establish synapses with projection neurons (PNs) and local interneurons within @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) glomeruli. Substantial knowledge regarding this circuitry has been obtained by functional studies, while ultrastructural evidence of synaptic contacts is scarce. To fill this gap we studied serial sections of three glomeruli using electron microscopy. Ectopic expression of a membrane-bound peroxidase allowed us to map synaptic sites along @entity6841 dendrites. Our data proves for the first time that each of the three major types of @entity1315 neurons is both pre- and postsynaptic to the other two types as previously indicated by functional studies. @entity6841 dendrites carry a large proportion of output synapses, with approximately one output per every three input synapses. Detailed reconstructions of @entity6841 dendrites showed that these synapses are distributed unevenly, with input and output sites partially segregated along a proximal-distal gradient and the thinnest branches carrying solely input synapses. Moreover, our data indicate synapse clustering as we found evidence of @entity2343 . @entity6841 output synapses exhibited T-shaped presynaptic densities, mostly arranged as tetrads. In contrast, output synapses from putative OSNs showed elongated presynaptic densities in which the T-bar platform was supported by several pedestals and contacted as many as 20 postsynaptic profiles. We also discovered synaptic contacts between the putative OSNs. The average synaptic density in the glomerular neuropil was about two synapses/  m(3) . These results are discussed with regard to current models of olfactory glomerular microcircuits across species. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Synaptic circuitry of identified neurons in the XXXX of @entity238 .

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['antennal lobe', 'AL']

entities_list: @entity2343 :: ('MESH:D007635', 'Disease') :: ['dendritic tiling of PN dendrites']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['antennal lobe']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Changes to sexuality are a primary concern amongst @entity5 survivors, leading to @entity458 and impacting long-term quality of life. Effective sexual communication has been found to be critical in improving sexual satisfaction post-treatment. However, research suggests that many @entity1 struggle to disclose sexual concerns and preferences. This study aimed to qualitatively explore the common barriers and facilitators to sexual communication in male @entity5 survivors (MCSs). METHODS: Seventeen MCSs participated in semi-structured telephone interviews, which were transcribed and coded using Grounded Theory methodology. RESULTS: The emergent theory described that those MCSs with lower quality sexual communication experienced diminished perceived masculinity following @entity5 -related @entity250 . These feelings of inadequacy were compounded by inadequate partner support. Contrastingly, @entity1 reporting effective sexual communication expressed the importance of a stable self-esteem and flexible partner support. CONCLUSIONS: This study challenges the notion that @entity1 naturally struggle with intimate dyadic communication and suggests that adequate partner support and a stable sense of self can mitigate MCSs' communicative behaviour, subsequently bolstering self-esteem. Future research should more broadly explore the diverse experiences of MCSs to enhance the efficacy of psychosexual interventions. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Let's talk about sex after XXXX : exploring barriers and facilitators to sexual communication in male @entity5 survivors.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to clarify the current work and sleep situations of physicians in Japan and to clarify the association between these situations and excessive @entity25 as well as medical incidents. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among the members of the Japan Medical Association in 2008. The randomly selected subjects comprised 3,000 male physicians and 1,500 female physicians. RESULTS: Valid responses were obtained from 3,486 physicians (2,298 @entity1 and 1,188 @entity1 ). Mean sleep duration was 6 h 36 min for @entity1 and 6 h 8 min for @entity1 . The prevalence of lack of rest due to @entity1949 was 30.4% among @entity1 and 36.6% among @entity1 ; the prevalence of @entity22 was 21.0% and 18.1%, respectively; and the prevalence of @entity15354 was 3.5%. The adjusted odds ratio for @entity15354 was high for physicians who reported short sleep duration, lack of rest due to @entity1949 , and a high frequency of on-call/overnight work. Physicians who had experienced a medical incident within the previous one month accounted for 19.0% of @entity1 . The adjusted odds ratio for medical incidents was high for those subjected to long working hours, high frequency of on-call/overnight works, lack of rest due to @entity1949 , and @entity22 . CONCLUSION: In order to facilitate optimal health management for physicians as well as securing medical safety, it is important to fully consider the work and sleep situations of physicians.

title: Association of current work and sleep situations with excessive XXXX and medical incidents among Japanese physicians.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['sleep deprivation']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['daytime sleepiness']


abstract: The measurement of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of water in brains of @entity64 @entity1 is used in models developed to help distinguish reversible from irreversible @entity63 . The ADC by conventional methods may be overestimated by the presence of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) in sulci and perivascular spaces. In this study the hypothesis that DWI with CSF suppression (FLAIR-DWI) would result in different ADC values than those obtained with the conventional DWI technique was investigated. Thirty-one @entity1 with @entity64 onset of less than 6 hr and an acute lesion on conventional DWI were studied. Both conventional isotropic DWI and FLAIR-DWI were performed using a single-shot echo-planar technique. In all 31 @entity1 , CSF-suppressed ADC was lower than conventional ADC. The mean (SD) of the 31 @entity1 ' lesion ADC was 0.64 (0.08) x 10(-3) mm(2) s(-1) with FLAIR-DWI and 0.72 (0.09) x 10(-3) mm(2) s(-1) with conventional DWI (P < 0.001). The overestimation of ADC in conventional DWI corresponded to the percentage of the voxel that contained CSF. Suppression of CSF leads to lesion ADC values that are more homogeneous and more than 15% lower than those obtained with conventional DWI techniques. This suggests that FLAIR-DWI ADC measurements are more accurate than conventional ADC maps.

title: Cerebral spinal fluid contamination of the measurement of the apparent diffusion coefficient of water in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the longterm association of a wide range of comorbidities with physical and mental functioning in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: Longitudinal data over a period of 11 years were collected from 882 @entity1 with @entity309 . Somatic comorbidity and comorbid @entity308 were measured at baseline, with a questionnaire including 20 @entity102 and with the Center for Epidemiologic @entity308 Scale, respectively. Physical functioning was measured at 5 timepoints with a disease-specific measure [Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ)] and a generic measure [physical scales of the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36)]. Mental functioning was measured with the mental scales of the SF-36. To determine the association of baseline-specific comorbidities with functioning over time, we performed longitudinal analyses. RESULTS: At baseline, 72% percent of the @entity1 were @entity1 , mean age    SD was 59.3    14.8 years, median @entity309 disease duration was 5.0 years, and 68% had >=  1 comorbid condition. The effect of comorbid conditions was more apparent when physical functioning was measured with SF-36, a disease-generic measure, compared with the HAQ, a disease-specific measure. Circulatory conditions and @entity308 were associated (p < 0.05) with worse physical functioning according to the HAQ. Respiratory conditions, musculoskeletal conditions, @entity5 , and @entity308 were associated (p < 0.05) with worse physical functioning according to the SF-36. Respiratory conditions and @entity308 were associated with worse mental functioning. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with specific comorbid conditions have an increased risk of low functioning in the long term. Targeted attention for these specific comorbid conditions by clinicians is recommended.

title: Physical and Mental Functioning in @entity1 with Established XXXX over an 11-year Followup Period: The Role of Specific Comorbidities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Overexpression of @entity588 is a mechanism of drug resistance in @entity5 . Agents that down-regulate @entity588 may decrease @entity5 cell threshold and sensitize @entity5 cells to chemotherapy. The objective of this multi-institutional phase 2 trial was to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity1311 and @entity588 modulators (13-cis @entity1968 and interferon alfa-2b) in @entity1 with advanced-stage or recurrent @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 had biopsy-proven metastatic, first relapse, or persistent @entity5 with no prior chemotherapy except for chemosensitizing agents. The treatment consisted of oral 13-cis @entity1968 , 1 mg/kg, and subcutaneous interferon alfa-2b, 6 mU/m, days 1 to 4, and intravenous @entity1311 , 175 mg/m, day 4 until disease progression or adverse events prohibited treatment. The primary endpoint was overall response rate. RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity1 were enrolled between March 2001 and June 2009. Thirty-one @entity1 were eligible for evaluation of treatment response. Twenty-seven @entity1 (82%) received prior concurrent chemoradiation or radiotherapy alone before study enrollment. The overall response rate was 30% (6 complete responses and 4 partial responses). Furthermore, 7 @entity1 (21%) had stable disease. Grade 3 or 4 adverse events included @entity1398 (n =16 [48%]), @entity1398 (n = 1 [3%]), and @entity417 (n = 1 [3%]). There were no treatment-related @entity204 . The median progression-free survival was 3.4 months (95% confidence interval, 2.0-7.4 months), and overall survival was 11.2 months (95% confidence interval, 7.5-26.2 months). Of 6 @entity1 with complete responses, 5 @entity1 survived more than 2 years. CONCLUSIONS: Combination therapy with @entity1311 , 13-cis @entity1968 , and interferon alfa-2b is feasible and safe in treating @entity1 with advanced and recurrent @entity5 .

title: Phase 2 Trial of @entity1311 , 13-cis @entity1968 , and Interferon Alfa-2b in the Treatment of Advanced Stage or Recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cervical Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic surgery has been performed less frequently in the era of @entity788 due to technical difficulties and concerns about oncological safety. Radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy (RAMPS) is expected to be helpful to obtain a negative margin during radical lymph node dissection. We hypothesized that it would also be favorable as a laparoscopic application due to unique features. METHODS: Fifteen laparoscopic RAMPS for well-selected @entity1 with left-sided @entity788 were performed from July 2011 to April 2016. Five trocars were usually used, and the operative procedures and range of dissection were similar to or the same as those of open RAMPS described by Strasberg. All medical records and follow-up data were reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS: All @entity1 had @entity1124 . Mean operative time was 219.3        53.8  min, and estimated @entity190 was 250        70  ml. The length of postoperative hospital stay was 6.1        1.2  days, and postoperative morbidities developed in two @entity1 (13.3%) with urinary retention. The median number of retrieved lymph nodes was 18.1        6.2 and all had negative margins. Median follow-up time was 46.0  months, and the 3-year disease free survival and overall survival rates were 56.3% and 74.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our early experience with laparoscopic RAMPS achieved feasible perioperative results accompanied by acceptable survival outcomes. Laparoscopic RAMPS could be a safe and oncologically feasible procedure in well-selected @entity1 with left-sided @entity788 .

title: Initial experience with laparoscopic radical antegrade modular XXXX in a single institution: technical aspects and oncological outcomes.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatosplenectomy for left-sided pancreatic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The main advantages of video assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) include @entity158 , rapid recovery, less @entity260 , shorter hospital stay and early discharge. Although @entity158 intensity is less as compared to conventional thoracotomy but still @entity1 experience upto moderate @entity158 postoperatively. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and @entity1286 sparing effect of @entity616 in alleviating immediate post-operative @entity158 in @entity1 undergoing VATS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty ASA I-III @entity1 , aged between 16 to 60 years, undergoing mediastinal lymph node biopsy through VATS under general anaesthesia were randomly divided into two groups. The @entity616 (ICNB group) received the block along with @entity1 control intravenous @entity1337 (PCIA) with @entity1286 , while control group received only PCIA with @entity1286 for post-operative @entity1337 . @entity1 were followed for twenty four hours post operatively for intervention of post-operative @entity158 in the recovery room and ward. RESULTS: The @entity158 was assessed using visual analogue scale (VAS) at 1, 6, 12 and 24 hours. There was a significant decrease in @entity158 score and @entity1286 consumption in ICNB group as compared to control group in first 6 hours postoperatively. There was no significant difference in @entity158 scores and @entity1286 consumption between the two groups after 6 hours. CONCLUSION: @entity1 receiving @entity616 have @entity158 control and less @entity1286 consumption as compared to those @entity1 who did not receive @entity616 in early (6 hours) post-operative period.

title: Role of XXXX in reducing postoperative pain following video-assisted thoracoscopy: A randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['better pain', 'pain', 'less post-operative pain']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['intercostal nerve block']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['intercostal nerve block']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The uncoupling protein @entity1629 has been related to the development and/or maintenance of @entity28 through its involvement in regulating energy balance. The role of this mitochondrial protein in @entity1 is uncertain due to the scarce presence of the brown adipose tissue in the adult individual. The polymorphism @entity28480 of the @entity1629 alone or in conjunction with the mutation @entity25731 of the adrenergic receptor b3 has been associated with @entity28 , @entity6 and related diseases although with contradictory results. With the aim of determining the influence of polymorphism @entity28480 of the @entity1629 on the classical components of the @entity209 in our population, we studied 159 @entity28 individuals and 154 of normal weight, with a study design of cases and controls. In all of them Body Mass Index (BMI), hip/waist index, % of body fat, @entity2701 ( @entity2701 ), lipidic profile, leptine, basal glucemia and @entity5702 were determined. Similarly, the presence of the above mentioned mutation of the UCPI gene was analysed. RESULTS: Significant differences were obtained in all of the variables studied between @entity28 (cases) and normal weight (controls). Within the @entity28 group, polymorphism @entity28480 of the @entity1629 gene (n=53) was associated with a greater BMI (p=0.03), greater percentage of body fat (p=0.04) and higher @entity2701 both systolic (p=0.009) and diastolic (p=0.02). There were no statistically significant differences in any of the other indices evaluated. CONCLUSION: The fundamental factor that influences the components of the @entity209 is @entity28 . However, the polymorphism @entity28480 of the @entity1629 gene is associated with a greater degree of @entity28 and very high figures of @entity2701 .

title: [Influence of the polymorphism 03826 A --> G in the XXXX gene on the components of @entity209 ].

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2701 :: ('MESH:D018781', 'Disease') :: ['AT', 'arterial tension']

entities_list: @entity25731 :: ('p|SUB|W|64|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Trp64Arg']

entities_list: @entity5702 :: ('MESH:D018295', 'Disease') :: ['basal insulinemia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

answer: @entity1629 :: (7350,Gene) :: ['UCP1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of aortic valve replacement (AVR) on the recovery of left ventricular function and the predictors for long-term survival in @entity1 suffering from isolated severe @entity472 ( @entity472 ) with a significant @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ). METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted on 46 @entity1 with isolated severe @entity472 and @entity1002 [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) = or < 40%] who underwent AVR in our clinic between January 1993 and March 2006. @entity1 with @entity453 , with more than moderate @entity337 (>2), with previous valve replacement or repair, and with other valve pathologies were excluded. The mean aortic valve area was 0.7+/- 0.09 cm2. The following fourteen variables were analyzed: etiology, age (= or >70 years), sex, preoperative New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, @entity1030 , @entity101 , @entity6 , @entity3657 , @entity740 , need for concomitant procedures for the ascending aorta, cardiopulmonary bypass time = or >120 min, aortic cross-clamp time = or >90 min, intraaortic balloon pump support and inotropic support. Statistical analysis for comparison of pre- and postoperative changes in clinical and functional variables was performed using Wilcoxon rank test. The predictors of early mortality after AVR were analyzed using logistic regression analysis and late survival was studied using Cox proportional regression and Kaplan Meier survival analyses. RESULTS: Operative mortality was 8.6% with four @entity1 . As the result of univariate logistic regression analysis, preoperative NYHA functional class = or >3 was found to be predictive of early mortality. @entity1 with NYHA class = or >3 had 12.6 times (OR: 12.6; 95%CI: 1.2-131.3; p=0.035) higher probability of early mortality than those with a lower NYHA class. However, multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated no predictor for early mortality. A positive change was observed in the LVEF in 79.3% of survivors and the mean LVEF increased from 34.5+/- 3.9% to 44.7+/- 10.4% (p<0.001). There were eight (19%) late deaths. Actuarial survival was 83. +/- 5.9% at 5 years and 59.6% +/- 10.9% at 10 years. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis demonstrated @entity6 (HR: 6.6; 95% CI: 1.19-36.9, p=0.031) and intraaortic balloon pump use (HR: 10.7; 95% CI: 2.9-39.7, p<0.001) as significant predictors for late mortality. CONCLUSION: Left ventricular ejection fraction and symptoms improve after AVR in @entity1 with isolated severe @entity472 and @entity1002 with an acceptable operative mortality and satisfactory long-term survival.

title: Aortic valve replacement in isolated severe @entity472 with XXXX : long-term survival and ventricular recovery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LVD', 'left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To prospectively examine in pregnant @entity1 whether @entity565 or @entity565 therapy influenced @entity3152 , intrauterine grown restriction (IUGR), or birthweight. METHODS: We enrolled 873 pregnant @entity1 with a history of @entity565 , of whom 778 experienced @entity565 symptoms or took medication, and 1333 @entity1 with no @entity565 history, including 884 @entity1 with neither @entity565 diagnosis nor symptoms and 449 with symptoms but no diagnosis. @entity1109 , medication, and severity were classified according to 2002 Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines. RESULTS: Preterm delivery was not associated with @entity565 diagnosis, severity, or symptoms but was associated with use of controller medications, independent of symptoms, specifically oral @entity230 and @entity2544 . Gestation was reduced by 2.22 weeks in @entity1 using oral @entity230 daily (P =.001) and 1.11 weeks after @entity2544 (P =.002). We observed a 24% (5-47%) increased risk for IUGR with each increased symptom step, which increased further in symptomatic @entity1 with no @entity565 diagnosis (31%, 4-65%) compared with @entity1 with neither @entity565 nor symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: We found no effect of @entity565 symptoms or severity on @entity3152 but observed increased risks associated with use of oral @entity134 and @entity2544 . Intrauterine growth restriction was associated with @entity565 severity, which possibly reflects a @entity519 fetal effect. @entity1 with @entity565 symptoms but no diagnosis were at particular risk of undermedication and delivering IUGR @entity1 . These observations support guidelines that advocate active management of pregnant @entity1 with mild or moderate @entity565 with beta(2) agonists, with oral @entity230 added only if severity increases. Symptomatic @entity1 without an @entity565 diagnosis might need to be equally managed.

title: XXXX , severity, and drug therapy: a prospective study of effects on 2205 pregnancies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['Asthma symptoms']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity1109 :: (MESH:D012678,Disease) :: ['Asthma symptoms']


abstract: The enrichment of @entity3215 ( @entity44155 ) and @entity2556 ( @entity2555 ) in the sea-surface micro-layer and depth profile of these pollutants in the water column were investigated at Gerlache Inlet, Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica. Depth profile samplings were repeated three times during the Antarctic summer (from November to February). @entity3215 and @entity2556 showed a concentration range in the water column of 30-120 pg l(-1) and 150-400 pg l(-1), respectively, and these values were very much dependent on the suspended matter content. A nearly two-fold decrease in the pollutant concentration was also observed in the depth profile obtained in February, i.e. late summer, which might be correlated both with the high content of suspended matter and the reduction of the pollutant input. Moreover, isomer ratios of @entity2556 , such as LMW/HMW and @entity9659 , highlight that the main @entity2556 source might be petrogenic in nature, whereas the pyrolytic source seems to be less important. Sea surface micro-layer (SML) and sub-surface sea water (SSW) samples were simultaneously collected in the same site by a remote controlled rotating drum-based sampling system, a prototype named MUMS (Multi-User Micro-layer Sampler). Sea surface micro-layer samples showed a total content of @entity3215 and @entity2556 in the range 400-450 pg l(-1) and 2000-3000 pg l(-1), respectively, whereas the mean content of the sub-surface sea water samples was 48 pg l(-1) and 325 pg l(-1), respectively. The mean enrichment factors of @entity3215 and @entity2556 in sea-surface micro-layer were about 10 and 7, respectively. The surface excess concentrations of @entity3215 and @entity2556 were about 35 000 and 200 000, respectively. A fairly good correlation was observed between the concentration of pollutants and water solubility. Based on the assumption that POPs are confined in a very thin top layer of the SML about 0.01-0.001 microm thick, namely the sea-surface nano-layer, and also on an estimated thickness of the sampled sea-surface layer of about 100 microm, an enrichment factor of 10(5)-10(6) for the sea-surface nano-layer was calculated. Such a very high concentration increase was related to the two-fold increase of @entity2556 concentration observed in the underlying 20 cm of the water column in late summer.

title: @entity44155 and XXXX in the sea-surface micro-layer and the water column at Gerlache Inlet, Antarctica.

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity44155 :: ('CHEBI:53156', 'Chemical') :: ['polychlorobiphenyls']

answer: @entity2555 :: (MESH:D011084,Chemical) :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Worldwide, millions of @entity1 are treated each year for significant @entity542 . A substantial proportion die, and many more are disabled. If short term corticosteroid infusion could be reliably shown to reduce these risks by just a few percent then this might affect the treatment of a few hundred thousand @entity1 a year, protecting thousands from @entity204 or long term disability. STUDY DESIGN: @entity4445 is a large simple, placebo-controlled trial of the effects of a 48-hour infusion of @entity288 on @entity204 and on @entity16 , among adults with @entity542 and some @entity1662 . Head injured @entity1 with @entity1662 who are judged to be 16 years or older are eligible if the responsible doctor is, for any reason, substantially uncertain whether or not to use @entity288 . ORGANISATION: The @entity4445 trial will determine reliably the effects on @entity204 and disability of a short corticosteroid infusion following significant @entity542 . To detect or refute improvements of only a few percent in outcome, many thousands of acute @entity542 @entity1 must be randomised between control and @entity134 infusions. Such large numbers will be possible only if hundreds of doctors and nurses can collaborate in the participating emergency departments. Since they are busy, and working in emergency situations, the trial involves them in almost no extra work: no special investigations or changes to usual management are required, and data collection is absolutely minimal. The trial is on-going and new collaborators are welcome. Further information about the trial is available at http://www. @entity4445 .lshtm.ac.uk

title: The @entity4445 trial protocol (Corticosteroid randomisation after significant XXXX ) [ISRCTN74459797].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disability']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of consciousness', 'impaired consciousness']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4784 ( @entity4784 ) can be a debilitating side effect of opioid therapy and may result in increased medical costs. The published data on the economic burden of @entity4784 among long-term opioid users are limited. OBJECTIVE: To assess the economic burden of @entity4784 in @entity1 with noncancer @entity158 in a managed care population in the United States. METHODS: This retrospective study used 2007-2011 data from the Truven Health MarketScan Commercial and Medicare databases. The study included adults with >= 12 months of insurance enrollment before and after starting long-term (>= 90 days) use of opioids. @entity1 were excluded if they had @entity5 or a diagnosis of @entity734 or drug dependence during the study period, or if they had @entity1142 or @entity1744 within 90 days before starting opioid therapy during the study period. @entity4784 was identified by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition codes for @entity1142 (564.0) or @entity1744 (560.x) within 12 months of the initiation of an opioid. @entity1 with @entity4784 were identified in the nonelderly, elderly (age >= 65 years), and long-term care populations. Differences in costs and healthcare resource utilization were calculated using propensity scoring. RESULTS: A total of 13,808 nonelderly (age, 48.6    10.4 years; female, 50%) and 2958 elderly @entity1 (age, 78.7    8.1 years; female, 70%) met the study inclusion criteria. Of 401 nonelderly and 194 elderly @entity1 with @entity4784 , 85 @entity1 initiated opioid therapy in a long-term care facility (age, 80.7    11.6 years; female, 77%). After matching by key covariates, @entity1 with @entity4784 had significantly more hospital admissions than @entity1 without @entity4784 (nonelderly, 33% vs 22%, respectively; P <.001; elderly, 51% vs 31%, respectively; P <.001) and longer inpatient stays (nonelderly, 3.0    8.4 days vs 1.0    3.0 days, respectively; P <.001; elderly, 5.2    12.2 days vs 2.1    4.0 days, respectively; P <.001). The group with @entity4784 had significantly higher total healthcare costs than the group without @entity4784 in all 3 study cohorts (nonelderly,  23,631     67,209 vs  12,652     19,717, respectively; elderly,  16,923     38,191 vs  11,117     19,525, respectively; long-term care,  16,000     22,897 vs  14,437     25,690, respectively; all P <.05). CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to analyze the economic impact of long-term use of opioids among @entity1 with @entity4784 , using real-world data. The findings underscore the significant economic burden associated with long-term opioid use for noncancer @entity158 in a managed care population. Effective therapies for @entity4784 may reduce the associated economic burden and improve quality of life for long-term opioid users.

title: Economic burden of opioid-induced XXXX among long-term opioid users with noncancer @entity158 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['OIC', 'Opioid-induced constipation']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug abuse']

answer: @entity1142 :: (MESH:D003248,Disease) :: ['constipation']


abstract: A new cell line, designated UHKBR-01, was successfully established from a @entity3653 ( @entity106 )-induced @entity35 mammary @entity5 . @entity106 was administered orally at a dose of 4 mg/ml per @entity35 on the first day of the experiment and thereafter at weekly intervals of same dosage, until the @entity35 have reached a weight of around 150-200 g. The @entity5 grew rapidly after the injection, and were transplanted into @entity19 one the harvest size (2.5 x 2 x 1 mm(3)) was reached, it was transplanted onto @entity19 . We have developed a cell line from a portion of the @entity106 -induced @entity189 of the @entity19 . The UHKBR-01 cell exhibited a slow increase in growth rate during the time of culture and was highly tumourigenic in @entity19 . The cells have been grown in culture for over 40 passages. Characterization of the cell line was performed. This included morphology by light and transmission electron microscopy, karyotype, growth rate, @entity5 antigen expression and xenograft implantation into @entity19 . These cells exhibit ultrastructural and immunohistochemical features of epithelial cells of mammary origin. The above analyses also demonstrated that UHKBR-01 cells were @entity2931 - and @entity1420 -receptor positive, in likeness to other @entity0 cell lines such as MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7. The cell line grows as monolayers of oval-shaped cells with large folded nuclei accompanied by a rich supply of mitochondria. This report describes the first in vitro cell line from transplantable @entity106 -induced @entity189 of @entity19 , which presents unique characteristics that may prove to be a good experimental model for investigating @entity0 biology.

title: A @entity35 cell line derived from @entity106 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3653 :: ('CHEBI:254496', 'Chemical') :: ['7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'established breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mammary carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['mammary carcinoma']


abstract: The aim of the present work was to evaluate the number of apoptotic eosinophils in the livers of @entity742 experimentally infected with @entity8072 during the @entity1125 . Four groups (n=5) of @entity742 were used; groups 1-3 were orally infected with 200 metacercariae (mc) and sacrificed at 8 and 28 days post-infection (dpi), and 17 weeks post-infection (wpi), respectively. Group 4 was used as an uninfected control. Apoptosis was detected using immunohistochemistry with a polyclonal antibody against anti-active @entity40794 , and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Eosinophils were identified using the Hansel stain in serial sections for @entity40794 , and by ultrastructural features using TEM. At 8 and 28 dpi, numerous @entity40794 (+) eosinophils were mainly found at the periphery of acute hepatic @entity39 foci. The percentage of @entity40794 (+) apoptotic eosinophils in the periphery of @entity39 foci was high (46.1-53.9) at 8 and 28 dpi, respectively, and decreased in @entity738 found at 28 dpi (6%). Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of apoptotic eosinophils in @entity99 at 8 and 28 dpi. At 17 wpi, apoptotic eosinophils were detected in the infiltrate surrounding some enlarged bile ducts containing adult flukes. This is the first report of apoptosis induced by @entity8072 in @entity742 and the first study reporting apoptosis in eosinophils in hepatic inflammatory infiltrates in vivo. The high number of apoptotic eosinophils in acute @entity39 tracts during the @entity1125 suggests that eosinophil apoptosis may play a role in @entity8072 survival during different stages of infection.

title: @entity8072 induces eosinophil apoptosis in the XXXX in @entity742 .

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity8072 :: ('6192', 'Species') :: ['Fasciola hepatica', 'F. hepatica']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1125 :: ('MESH:D001661', 'Disease') :: ['migratory and biliary stages of infection']

answer: @entity1125 :: (MESH:D001661,Disease) :: ['migratory and biliary stages of infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7667 are rare glioneuronal @entity5 that typically cause refractory @entity410 during the first 3 decades of life. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prognosticators of @entity410 outcome after surgery for @entity7667 . METHODS: We reviewed the cases of 66 @entity1 who underwent resection of @entity7667 at the University of California, San Francisco. Demographic, @entity410 history, and operative data were examined for statistical association with postoperative @entity410 outcomes. RESULTS: Of the 66 @entity1 who underwent surgical resection of @entity7667 , 49 @entity1 (74%) presented with a history of @entity410 . Of those 49 @entity1 , 50% presented with intractable @entity302 . @entity1315 were present in 76% of the @entity1 who presented with a history of @entity410 . Electrocorticography was performed on 35% of the @entity1 , and of those @entity1 , 82% underwent extended lesionectomy to remove abnormally epileptogenic extralesional tissue. The median follow-up duration was 6.9 years, during which @entity5 progression occurred in 38% of @entity1 who underwent subtotal resection and in 8% of @entity1 who underwent gross total resection (P = .02). Overall, 85% of @entity1 were @entity410 free (International League Against @entity302 class I or II) 5 years after surgery. Subtotal resection was associated with poor @entity410 outcomes 1 year after resection (odds ratio = 14.6; 95% confidence interval = 2.4-87.7): rates of @entity410 freedom were 54% after subtotal resection, 96% after gross total resection, and 93% after gross total resection with intraoperative electrocorticography-guided extended lesionectomy. CONCLUSION: We report excellent long-term @entity410 control outcomes after surgery for @entity7667 . Intraoperative electrocorticography may be a useful adjunct for guiding extended resection in certain pharmacoresistant @entity302 @entity1 with @entity7667 . Subtotal resection is associated with higher rates of @entity5 progression and nonoptimal @entity410 outcomes.

title: Long-term @entity410 control outcomes after resection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['Temporal lobe gangliogliomas']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity7667 :: ('MESH:D018303', 'Disease') :: ['ganglioglioma', 'gangliogliomas', 'Gangliogliomas']

answer: @entity7667 :: (MESH:D018303,Disease) :: ['gangliogliomas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2347 ( @entity2347 ) is a rare @entity5 that might occur in nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. It is characteristic for poor prognosis, especially the solid histopathological subtype of the @entity5 . @entity2347 might spread along nerves and fascias and it is usually diagnosed at advanced stage. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging together with fine-needle biopsy are the gold standards in the diagnostic procedure of the @entity5 . Surgery with adjuvant therapy are the most common methods of treatment. Among the surgical approaches, the functional endonasal sinus surgery seems to be the most appropriate and favorable way of treatment. In the study, the authors present a case of a 62-year-old @entity1 with T4aN0M0 @entity5 treated endoscopically at the Department of Laryngology and ENT Oncology, @entity13920 No. 5 in Sosnowiec. The authors indicate the usefulness of FESS procedure in the treatment of @entity5 and paranasal sinuses. They also review the recent publications on endonasal versus open approach in similar cases. In conclusions, the authors favor endonasal approach as a mini-invasive method of surgical treatment of @entity2347 of paranasal sinuses that results in satisfactory oncological outcome and high quality of @entity1 's life.

title: Endoscopic approach to the resection of XXXX of paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity: case report and own experience.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies of nasal cavity', 'cancer', 'ACC tumor', 'malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['Adenoid cystic carcinoma', 'ACC']

answer: @entity2347 :: (MESH:D003528,Disease) :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity18032 is a @entity296 that causes @entity712 . It is characterized by the fibrotic thickening of the endocardium, sometimes involving the myocardium as well. The lesion generally lies at the apices or inflow tracts of one or both ventricles, associated with more or less severe alteration of the valves. It is a disease of the intertropical regions but is not well known in Cameroon. In this study we describe the first series seen in a pediatric hospital in Cameroon. @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in a pediatric hospital in Yaound   involving @entity1 who had been diagnosed with @entity18032 after echocardiographic investigation. We collected the clinical and paraclinical data from consultation records and medical files. RESULTS: Between January 2006  to December 2013, we registered 1430 @entity1 with a @entity299 in our center. @entity18032 was found in 46 @entity1 . Neither sex predominated. Ages at the time of diagnosis varied between 2  and 17years. Most of the @entity1 were between 5  and 15years old (80.4  %), with a median of 10years (interquartile range, 7-13years). The main complaints were @entity1353 , cough, abdominal distension, abdominal, and @entity1277 . Apart from the @entity2117 of the lips observed in all our @entity1 , @entity1353 was the most frequent physical sign and the diagnosis was made at a time when signs of @entity712 were preponderant. @entity851 was found in all the @entity1 examined. All @entity1 were underweight with a median weight for age found below the 25th percentile of the norms according to the National Health Statistics. Lower limb @entity4 was absent even in the presence of @entity843 . All subjects had hyperpigmented lips. Despite the cyanotic appearance of the lips, pulse oximetry always gave a normal @entity26 saturation level and no cyanosis was seen elsewhere. None of the @entity1 had nail clubbing. @entity82 more often affected the right ventricle (45/46 @entity1 ). The apical obliteration by fibrotic material was found in 43 (93.5  %) @entity1 . Moreover, 36 (78.3  %) @entity1 had pericardial effusion: mild to moderate in 32subjects and abundant in four subjects. @entity1712 was noted in 57.5  % of the @entity1 . @entity955 was found in six out of 15 @entity1 who had an electrocardiogram done. CONCLUSION: The modes of clinical presentation of @entity18032 are not sufficiently well known in our context. Despite its insidious progression, certain signs such as @entity353 and hyperpigmented lips could be very helpful for screening and easing orientation of parents and heath personnel, thus enabling early referral for appropriate investigation. The presence of bulky @entity843 without @entity4 of the lower extremities should be viewed as strongly suggestive.

title: [ XXXX in Cameroon: Echocardiographic and clinical description of a pediatric series in Yaound  ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['Hypereosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['restrictive cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['Growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['Fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathlessness', 'dyspnea']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity18032 :: ('MESH:D004719', 'Disease') :: ['endomyocardial fibrosis', 'Endomyocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity843 :: ('MESH:D001201', 'Disease') :: ['voluminous ascites', 'ascites']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['loss of appetite']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac anomaly']

answer: @entity18032 :: (MESH:D004719,Disease) :: ['Endomyocardial fibrosis']


abstract: Many xenobiotics are known to cause @entity382 and hepatocarcinogenesis in @entity35 , although the molecular mechanisms that underlie this effect remain largely undefined. @entity1 exposure to several of these compounds, including glucocorticoids and peroxisome proliferators may be significant, due to their use in both pharmaceutical and industrial processes. It is therefore important to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying this abnormal @entity382 in @entity35 , as this will enable more accurate extrapolation of the possible outcomes of @entity1 exposure. Male @entity35 were dosed with the peroxisome proliferator @entity21372 and changes in liver gene expression examined using subtractive suppression hybridisation examined either 12 of 24hr later. Twenty-five transcripts were identified which showed differential gene expression in liver following exposure to @entity21372 . Biochemical indices of liver growth (DNA synthesis, apoptosis) showed that these changes correlated with the @entity382 . @entity35 were next treated with either @entity21372 , @entity3429 and @entity619 , chemically and mechanistically-distinct hepatomegalic compounds. Carboxylesterase and @entity70425 mRNA levels were seen to alter in a qualitatively similar fashion for all three compounds, and in a liver specific fashion. In addition, these changes correlated with a decrease in the density of Kupffer cells within the liver, which are known to release mitogenic cytokines, and have been linked to @entity21372 -induced cell proliferation. We therefore propose that Kupffer cells play a role in a general mechanism of @entity382 .

title: Gene expression changes in XXXX liver following exposure to liver growth agents: role of Kupffer cells in xenobiotic-mediated liver growth.

entities_list: @entity3429 :: ('MESH:D017373', 'Chemical') :: ['cyproterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['liver enlargement', 'xenobiotic-mediated liver enlargement', 'initiation of liver enlargement']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity11150 is an important industrial fungus expressing a broad spectrum of pectinolytic genes. The main constituent of pectin, @entity16147 ( @entity6987 ), is degraded into @entity17130 (GA) by the combined activity of endo- and exo-polygalacturonases some of which are specifically induced by GA. The regulatory mechanisms that control the expression of genes encoding @entity6987 -degrading enzymes are not well understood. Based on available genome-wide expression profiles from literature, we selected five genes that were specifically induced by GA. These genes include three exo-polygalacturonases (pgaX, pgxB and pgxC), a GA transporter (gatA), and an intracellular enzyme involved in GA metabolism (gaaB). These five genes contain a conserved motif (5'-TCCNCCAAT-3') in their promoter regions, which we named GARE ( @entity17130 -responsive element). Promoter deletion studies and site-directed mutagenesis of the conserved motif of the pgaX gene showed that the conserved element is required for GA-mediated induction. A set of promoter reporter strains was constructed by fusing the promoter region of the five above-mentioned genes to the amdS reporter gene. Expression of the amdS gene is quantitatively correlated with ability to utilise @entity14941 as an N-source, hence higher expression of amdS improves growth of the strain on @entity14941 and therefore can be used as an in vivo reporter for gene expression. Growth analysis of the reporter strains indicated that four genes (pgaX, pgxB, pgxC, and gatA) are specifically induced by GA. The in vivo promoter reporter strains were also used to monitor @entity505 catabolite repression control. Except for gaaB, all promoter-reporter genes analysed were repressed by @entity413 in a @entity413 concentration-dependent way. Interestingly, the strength of @entity413 repression was different for the tested promoters. CreA is important in mediating @entity505 catabolite repression as deletion of the creA gene in the reporter strains abolished @entity505 catabolite repression for most promoters. Interestingly, the pgxC promoter was still repressed by @entity413 even in the creA null background, suggesting a role for alternative repression mechanisms. Finally, we showed that low concentrations of GA are required to induce gene expression of pgaX, pgxB, and pgxC even under derepressing conditions. The results obtained are consistent with a model in which a GA-specific transcription factor is activated by GA or a GA-derivative, which binds to the conserved motif, possibly in combination with the HAP-complex, to drive GA-specific gene expression.

title: The interaction of induction and repression mechanisms in the regulation of @entity17130 -induced genes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity17130 :: ('MESH:C007819', 'Chemical') :: ['galacturonic acid']

entities_list: @entity14941 :: ('MESH:C030686', 'Chemical') :: ['acetamide']

entities_list: @entity11150 :: ('5061', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus niger']

entities_list: @entity16147 :: ('MESH:C003181', 'Chemical') :: ['polygalacturonic acid']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity11150 :: (5061,Species) :: ['Aspergillus niger']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ipilimumab has been shown to improve overall survival in @entity1 with @entity320 ; however, complete responses (CRs) are uncommon. Immune-related side effects usually involve the skin or gastrointestinal tract. Neurologic events occur less frequently but are well described. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 58-year-old @entity1 with @entity320 who commenced ipilimumab post spinal decompression and radiation. He developed a colitis post cycle 2 and ipilimumab was discontinued. Imaging, however, documented a radiological CR. 8 weeks later, he developed @entity451 and a @entity4685 despite an ongoing radiological CR. @entity134 use resulted in some improvement radiologically, without clinical improvement. CONCLUSION: We report @entity4685 with consequent @entity451 as a potential neurological immune-related side effect of ipilimumab. We further describe a @entity1 with a CR after 2 cycles of ipilimumab in the setting of radiation.    2014 S. Karger GmbH, Freiburg.

title: Late-onset XXXX after complete response to two cycles of ipilimumab for @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity451 :: (MESH:C536857,Disease) :: ['paraplegia']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity6588 and the effectiveness of the administered treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 treated in our hospital between January 2009 and March 2011 and diagnosed with @entity6588 were evaluated retrospectively. @entity1 ' epidemiological and clinical characteristics, administered treatments, and posttreatment findings were recorded on @entity1 monitoring forms. RESULTS: At anamnesis, 29% of @entity1 used water from wells and 71% used water from the network supply; moreover, 48.4% had a history of contact with animals and 87.1% a history of lethargy. At physical examination, 96.8% had a mass in the neck and 90.3% had @entity221 . @entity801 + @entity3403 therapy was administered to 45.2% of @entity1 , while @entity5553 , @entity801 , and @entity3639 were used for the other @entity1 . After treatment, neck masses persisted in 48.4% of @entity1 and complaints of lethargy and @entity221 in 6.5%. Treatment of these @entity1 was initiated once @entity6588 had been diagnosed, as test results were announced about 3 weeks later. Lymphadenopathy excision was performed on 19.4% of @entity1 in whom neck mass persisted. CONCLUSION: Appropriate empiric antibiotherapy should be commenced in @entity1 presenting with neck mass, @entity221 , and lethargy in regions with @entity6588 epidemics.

title: Epidemiological and clinical characteristics and management of XXXX outbreak.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['Gentamycin', 'gentamycin']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity5553 :: ('D064704', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity6588 :: ('MESH:D014406', 'Disease') :: ['tularemia']

answer: @entity6588 :: (MESH:D014406,Disease) :: ['oropharyngeal tularemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: Polypoid @entity2257 (PA) is an uncommon @entity5 appearing as a submucosal polypoid mass, or rarely as a subserosal polypoid mass. PA should be differentiated from @entity2257 or malignant uterine @entity5 . The purpose of our case series is to evaluate magnetic resonance (MR) manifestations of PA for the differential diagnosis. METHODS: Seven cases with surgically proven PA, five submucosal, and two subserosal, were evaluated. MR imaging findings including contrast enhancement in six cases (four cases with dynamic contrast-enhanced MR study), @entity353 ( @entity353 ) in five cases, and susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) in two cases were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: All seven lesions exhibited isointensity compared with the myometrium and 4 of 7 lesions (57%) contained high signal intensity hemorrhagic areas on T1-weighted images. On T2-weighted images, signal intensity was variable and all seven lesions contained cysts. None of five lesions with @entity353 exhibited high signal intensity compared with the normal myometrium. All six lesions showed intense contrast enhancement similar to that of the myometrium on post-contrast T1-weighted images. Punctate low intensity areas reflecting blood contents were revealed in all two lesions with SWI. CONCLUSIONS: Submucosal or subserosal polypoid masses containing hemorrhagic areas, and cysts reflecting functional endometrium and dilatation of endometrial glands are suggestive for PA. Intense contrast enhancement similar to that of the myometrium may be another characteristic finding for PA.

title: MR manifestations of uterine polypoid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumor of the uterus', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2257 :: ('MESH:D018194', 'Disease') :: ['atypical polypoid adenomyoma', 'adenomyoma']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['DWI', 'diffusion-weighted imaging']

answer: @entity2257 :: (MESH:D018194,Disease) :: ['adenomyoma']


abstract: Serum @entity160 ( @entity160 ) is sometimes high in @entity1 with primary @entity356 , and there is no comprehensive study on the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic factors of @entity160 -producing @entity356 (AGC). To clarify the variables associated with the survival after gastrectomy for AGC, we reviewed the data of @entity1 with AGC and examined the independent prognostic factors. We studied 270 cases of AGC reported in the Japanese literature from June 1982 to March 2001, together with 1 @entity1 of our own experience. The clinicopathologic findings, including serum @entity160 level, operative curability, and stage of the disease were examined, and factors associated with survival were determined by multivariate analysis. There were 15 stage I @entity5 (6%), 50 @entity5 (19%), 51 @entity5 (20%), and 145 stage IV @entity5 (55%). The @entity5 were characterized by frequent serosal invasion (75%), lymph node @entity3 (83%), liver @entity3 (33%), @entity5 (75%), and noncurative operation (48%). The survival was influenced by the serum @entity160 level, @entity5 size, serosal invasion, lymph node @entity3 , and liver @entity3 , but the independent prognostic factors were operative curability (curative vs. noncurative) and stage of the disease (I, II vs. III, IV). Although the 5-year survival rate and median survival period in all @entity1 were 22% and 14 months, respectively, those in @entity1 with curative gastrectomy were 42% and 29 months, respectively. The results indicate that operative curability and stage of the disease are factors associated with the survival of @entity1 with AGC. Although @entity5 are often advanced and complicated with liver metastases, long-term survival can be achieved when @entity1 with stage I or II @entity5 undergo curative gastrectomy.

title: @entity160 -producing @entity356 : multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in 270 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage III or IV disease', 'stage II tumors', 'stage III tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein', 'AFP']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We report a case of chronic active @entity2025 (CAEBV) associated with skin @entity203 mimicking @entity54801 ( @entity54801 ) in a 4-year-old @entity1 . The @entity1 had repeated episodes of @entity39 on the face, scalp, and bilateral forearms one year before the first visit to our department. General symptoms including fever, @entity409 , and cervical lymph node swelling were noted three months before the first visit. At the first visit, small, bean-sized, erythemic papules with central @entity39 were observed on the face and anterior chest wall. Thumb-sized ulcers with crust were present on the bilateral forearms. Histopathological examination of an @entity75 in the submandibular area revealed @entity8286 with a thick crust, mild spongiosis in the epidermis, and a dense infiltration of lymphoid cells into the dermis and perivascular space. Laboratory examination showed EBNA x 40, EBV VCA IgG x 1,280, and EBV DNA (PCR) 8 x 10(4). EBV-encoded small nuclear RNA (EBER) positive cells were detected in the dermis by an in situ hybridization (ISH) method. Large granular lymphocytes (65%) with the NK cell phenotype were found in the peripheral blood. A real time PCR method showed 171,741 copies/ micro g DNA in CD 16 positive cells. Although latent EBV infection-associated @entity203 have been documented, detailed skin manifestations in CAEBV are less well known.

title: XXXX in a @entity1 with @entity2025 .

entities_list: @entity54801 :: ('MESH:D006837', 'Disease') :: ['HV', 'hydroa vacciniforme']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['vesiculo-necrotic eruptions', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['erythematous lesion']

entities_list: @entity203 :: ('MESH:D003875', 'Disease') :: ['eruptions']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly, abnormal liver function']

entities_list: @entity8286 :: ('MESH:D010241', 'Disease') :: ['parakeratosis']

entities_list: @entity2025 :: ('MESH:D020031', 'Disease') :: ['Epstein-Barr (EB) virus infection']

answer: @entity54801 :: (MESH:D006837,Disease) :: ['Hydroa vacciniforme-like eruptions']


abstract: Precise regulation of hepatic @entity412 (TG) metabolism and secretion is critical for health and exercise could play a significant role. We compared one session of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) vs. continuous exercise (CE) on hepatic TG metabolism. Female and male @entity19 were assigned to CE, HIIE, or sedentary control (CON). HIIE was a 30min session of 30s running intervals (30m/min) interspersed with 60s walking periods (5m/min). CE was a distance- and duration-matched run at 13.8m/min. Hepatic content of TG and TG secretion rates, as well as expression of relevant genes/proteins, were measured at 3 hr (Day 1) and 28 hr (Day 2) post-exercise. On Day 1, hepatic [TG] in CE and HIIE were both elevated vs. CON in both sexes with ~2-fold greater elevation in HIIE vs. CE in females. In both sexes, hepatic @entity29684 ( @entity29684 ) protein on Day 1 was increased significantly by both exercise types with a significantly greater increase with HIIE than CE, while the increase in mRNA reached significance only after HIIE. On Day 2 in both sexes the increases in hepatic TG and @entity29684 with exercise declined toward CON levels. Only HIIE on Day 2 resulted in reduced hepatic TG secretion by ~20% in females with no effect in males. Neither exercise modality altered AMPK signaling or microsomal @entity412 transfer protein expression. Females exhibited higher hepatic TG secretion than males in association with different expression levels of related metabolic enzymes. These intensity-dependent and sex-specific alterations following exercise may have implications for sex-based exercise prescription.

title: Intensity-dependent and sex-specific alterations in hepatic @entity412 metabolism in XXXX following acute exercise.

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There is a need to develop new, more efficient therapies for @entity135 ( @entity213 ) @entity1 . It is currently unclear whether defects in DNA repair genes play a role in HNSCCs' resistance to therapy. @entity12982 inhibitors (PARPi) were found to be "synthetic lethal" in @entity5 in @entity5345 /2 with impaired homologous recombination. Since @entity5 rarely have these particular mutations, there is considerable interest in finding alternative determinants of PARPi sensitivity. Effectiveness of combined irradiation and PARPi olaparib was evaluated in ten @entity213 cell lines, subdivided into HR-proficient and @entity942 cell lines using a GFP-based reporter assay. Both groups were equally sensitive to PARPi alone. Combined treatment revealed stronger synergistic interactions in the @entity942 group. Because HR is mainly active in S-Phase, replication processes were analyzed. A stronger impact of treatment on replication processes (p = 0.04) and an increased number of radial chromosomes (p = 0.003) were observed in the @entity942 group. We could show that radiosensitization by inhibition of @entity12982 strongly correlates with HR competence in a replication-dependent manner. Our observations indicate that @entity12982 inhibitors are promising candidates for enhancing the therapeutic ratio achieved by radiotherapy via disabling DNA replication processes in @entity942 HNSCCs.

title: XXXX inhibition radiosensitizes @entity213 in homologous recombination by disabling the DNA replication fork elongation response.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers deficient', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['HR-deficient']

answer: @entity12982 :: (142,Gene) :: ['PARP1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Discrepancies in the clinicopathologic parameters pre- and post-endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) sometimes necessitate additional surgical resection. The aim of this study was to assess such discrepancies in clinicopathologic parameters before and after ESD in the context of reducing the risk of failure of curative ESD. METHODS: Data on 712 early @entity356 @entity1 were prospectively collected from 12 university hospitals nationwide. The inclusion criteria were differentiated @entity189 <3  cm in size, no @entity1066 , @entity3 <500   m, and no @entity3 . Clinicopathologic factors were compared retrospectively. RESULTS: The discrepancy rate was 20.1  % (148/737) and the most common cause of discrepancy was @entity5 size (64 cases, 8.7  %). Ulceration, undifferentiated histology, and @entity3578 invasion were found in 34 (4.6  %), 18 (2.4  %), and 51 cases (6.9  %), respectively. Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) was observed in 34 cases (4.6  %). Cases with lesions exceeding 3  cm in size showed more frequent @entity3 , an elevated gross morphology, and upper and middle locations (p  <  0.05). In the cases with @entity1066 , depth of invasion (DOI) was deeper than in the cases without @entity1066 (p  =  0.005). Differentiation was correlated with DOI and LVI (p  =  0.021 and 0.007). DOI was correlated with @entity5 size, @entity1066 , differentiation, LVI, gross type, and location. There were statistically significant differences between mucosal @entity5 cases and @entity5 cases in @entity5 size, differentiation, @entity1066 , LVI, and location. CONCLUSIONS: The overall discrepancy rate was 20.1  %. To reduce this rate, it is necessary to evaluate the DOI very cautiously, because it is correlated with other parameters. In particular, careful checking for SM-invasive @entity5 is required due to the high incidence of LVI irrespective of the depth of @entity3 .

title: Pre- and post-ESD discrepancies in clinicopathologic criteria in early @entity356 : the NECA-Korea ESD for Early XXXX Prospective Study (N-Keep).

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'submucosal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'submucosal invasion']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric Cancer']


abstract: Published literature on the @entity137 of a @entity1771 @entity1445 is limited to case reports. This retrospective study of poison center data was performed to examine the severity of @entity1771 @entity1445 . Data on single substance exposures to @entity1771 reported to the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC) Toxic Exposure Surveillance System (TESS) in 2000 and 2001 were retrospectively analysed. A total of 567 cases met the inclusion criteria, of which 39% occurred in adults over 19 years of age and 30.2% in @entity1 < or = 4 years old. The majority of @entity1 (62.1%) experienced no @entity137 . The most common clinical effects reported were drowsiness/lethargy (15.5%), dizziness/vertigo (4.9%), @entity2146 (4.9%), @entity911 (3.9%), @entity390 (2.6%) and @entity391 (2.5%). Symptomatic @entity1 were older than asymptomatic @entity1 and adults were more likely to be managed in a healthcare facility (P <0.0001). @entity1 who received gastrointestinal decontamination experienced less serious outcomes than those without decontamination (P <0.02). It is concluded that clinicians should expect relatively mild mental status changes in adults or @entity1 with @entity137 from @entity1771 @entity1445 . Serious toxic effects, such as @entity308 with @entity1576 or persistent non-anion gap @entity520 , are infrequent.

title: Evaluation of @entity137 of XXXX exposures reported to poison centers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['CNS depression']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1771 :: ('MESH:C052342', 'Chemical') :: ['topiramate']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['overdoses', 'overdose']

answer: @entity1771 :: (MESH:C052342,Chemical) :: ['topiramate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Extra-cranial carotid @entity438 (ECAA) are uncommon and represent a therapeutic challenge for clinicians. An ECAA is generally defined as a @entity3538 (CCA) greater than 150% of the diameter of the normal healthy artery. The presence of an ECAA is usually found by coincidence in asymptomatic @entity1 . Symptomatic @entity1 may present with @entity51 or symptoms of local compression. The initial diagnosis of ECAA is often by echo/duplex ultrasound imaging. However, Computerized tomographic angiography (CTA), with 3- dimensional reconstruction of the images (3D) can provide additional and valuable information, especially when considering surgical exclusion of the @entity439 . Recently, vessel wall imaging using contrast enhanced Magnetic Resonance with @entity2287 administration was explored, which could potentially provide valuable information regarding @entity439 wall changes during clinical follow up. Location and accessibility of an ECAA is key information when considering the appropriate treatment. With the lack of evidence based treatment guidelines, a conservative approach with or without medicinal treatment is currently the standard of care for asymptomatic non-growing ECAA. Open surgical repair has for long been the accepted treatment for @entity1 with a growing @entity439 or @entity439 related symptoms. Endovascular interventions are increasingly applied, especially when surgical intervention is considered too risky or not possible due to @entity1 comorbidities or anatomical restrictions. Data on the natural course, immediate and long-term results of surgical or endovascular therapy is scarce. Thus, there is a clear need for an international collaboration collecting data of ECAA within a registry.

title: Which carotid XXXX need to be treated (and how)?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['dilation of the internal carotid artery (ICA) or common carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['artery aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['artery aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The disease burden is increasing for @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) due to increasing of the growth rate of prevalence and mortality. But the empirical researches are a little for @entity1030 that studied the association between continuity of care and death and about predictors effect on mortality. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between continuity of care (COC) and @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) mortality and to identify other mortality-related factors in @entity1030 @entity1 . METHODS: We conducted a longitudinal, population-based retrospective cohort study in adult @entity1 with @entity1030 from 2002 to 2012 using a nationwide health insurance claims database. The study sample included individuals aged 40 years and over who developed @entity1030 in 2005 and survived until 2006. We performed a Cox proportional hazard regression analysis with COC analyzed as a time-dependent covariate. RESULTS: Of the 3,090 @entity1 , 60.8% died before the end of study (N = 1,879). The median years of survival for individuals with high COC (COC index>= 0.75) was 3.92, and that for @entity1 with low COC (COC index<0.75) was 2.58 in a Kaplan Meier analysis. In a multivariate, time-dependent analysis, low COC was associated with a 22% increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.09-1.36). Not receiving @entity26 therapy at home was associated with a 23% increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.01-1.49). Moreover, the risk of all-cause mortality for individuals who admitted one time increased 38% (HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.21-1.59), two times was 63% (HR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.34-1.99) and 3+ times was 96% (HR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.63-2.36) relative to the reference group (no admission). CONCLUSIONS: High COC was associated with a decreased risk of all-cause mortality. In addition, home @entity26 therapy and number of hospital admissions may predict mortality in @entity1 with @entity1030 .

title: The Association between Continuity of Care and All-Cause Mortality in XXXX with Newly Diagnosed Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study, 2005-2012.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: The @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) classification which proposes new approaches to the diagnosis, terminology and differential diagnosis of @entity75 of the breast was applied to a series of female @entity1 comprising @entity1722 oncogene expression which may serve as an adjunct to the morphology by immunohistochemistry. The study was performed using the data of 94 @entity1 . There was no difficulty encountered in the diagnosis of @entity1373 ( @entity1373 ). In @entity1 with @entity1373 ( @entity1373 ), the diagnosis could be made by using the 2-mm rule of the @entity3146 classification in @entity1 who exhibited cytologic and structural characteristics of @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) alone or in conjunction with classical @entity1373 patterns. However, in lesions that mimicked classical @entity1373 patterns despite displaying cytological features of in situ @entity189 , the experience and view point of the pathologist played a more prominent role. When the @entity3146 classification criteria were applied to grade @entity3821 , although the system was found to be practical, it did not provide adequate differentiation in intermediate grade (grade II- @entity3146 2) @entity1 and further improvement was considered desirable. Fourty-five cases (47.8%) @entity1373 , 19 (20.2%) @entity1373 , and 30 (31.9%) were @entity3821 . There were statistically significant differences in the levels of @entity1722 oncogene expression between @entity1373 , @entity1373 and @entity3821 (p<0.001). In DCISs, grade, cell size, pleomorphic nuclear atypia showed statistically significant associations with @entity1722 oncogene expression. These results suggest that @entity1722 oncogene expression is a valuable marker in the differential diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of @entity1 with @entity75 .

title: @entity1722 oncogene expression in XXXX of the breast.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['Ductal Carcinoma in Situ', 'DCIS lesions', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal proliferative lesions']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia', 'IDH', 'intraductal hyperplasia', 'AIDH']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['DIN', 'ductal intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['intraductal proliferative lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment for @entity0 has increased @entity1 survivorship exponentially over the past few decades. With increased survivorship, more @entity1 are living with the longstanding effects of @entity0 treatment, such as @entity4269 . @entity1 , health care providers, and payers depend on practical and efficient clinical measures to accurately diagnose and monitor disease progression or regression. However, current clinical measures do not include objective measures that assess lymphedetamous tissue accurately. This study compared current measures to a novel use of ultrasound (US) imaging to quantify tissue texture. METHODS AND RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 diagnosed with @entity4269 completed self-report questionnaires and then were tested twice by two @entity4269 physical therapists who measured @entity4 , @entity82 , and limb volume differences. One therapist measured subjects' limbs using US imaging and derived measures of entropy and average pixel intensity. Volume measures were consistent between therapists (p   <   0.01) but palpation was not (0.01   <   p   <   0.72). Therapists' measures correlated better to subjects' self-report of @entity4 (0.01   <   p   >   0.32) as compared to @entity82 (0.23   <   p   >   0.90). US measures were reliable (Cronbachs's a   =   0.7 and 0.91 for entropy and API, respectively). Entropy measures demonstrated significant differences between subjects' involved versus uninvolved forearms (p   =   0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Therapists were not consistent with each other when rating @entity4 or @entity82 ; however, they were consistent when measuring limb volume differences. US measures (entropy) demonstrated a significant difference between involved and uninvolved. US imaging, as a tool to quantify subcutaneous tissues, holds promise to be a safe, mobile, and effective method to measure @entity4269 tissue texture.

title: Ultrasound and Clinical Measures for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

answer: @entity4269 :: (MESH:D008209,Disease) :: ['Lymphedema']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) provide primary care to low-income and uninsured @entity1 in the United States. FQHCs are required to report annual measurements and provide evidence of improvement for quality measures; effective methods to improve quality in FQHCs are needed. Systems of Support (SOS) is a proactive, mail-based, @entity14 screening program that was developed and tested in an integrated health care system. The objective of this study was to adapt SOS for use in an FQHC system, guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). METHODS: We conducted qualitative semi-structured interviews in 2014 with organizational leadership, medical staff, and nursing staff to identify facilitators of and barriers to implementation of SOS in an FQHC system. The interview guide was based on the CFIR framework. Interview transcripts were analyzed using Template Analysis. We adapted SOS and planned implementation strategies to address identified barriers. RESULTS: Facilitators of implementation of SOS were previous quality improvement experience and engagement of clinic and administrative leadership. Barriers to implementation were a more diverse @entity1 population, a decentralized administrative structure, and communication challenges throughout the organization. Program adaptations focused on @entity1 instructions and educational materials as well as elimination of follow-up phone calls. Implementation strategies included early and frequent engagement with organizational leadership and a smaller pilot program before organization-wide implementation. CONCLUSIONS: Use of CFIR identified facilitators of and barriers to implementation of the evidence-based @entity14 screening program. Program adaptations and implementation strategies based on this study may generalize to other FQHC systems that are considering implementation of a proactive, mail-based @entity14 screening program.

title: Adaptation of an Evidence-Based XXXX Screening Program Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Small selected cohort studies suggest that mutations in the cardiac myosin binding protein-C ( @entity18963 ) gene cause late-onset, clinically benign @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ). The aim of this study was to test this hypothesis in a large series of families with @entity1121 associated with @entity18963 mutations. METHODS AND RESULTS: The initial study population comprised 57 probands with 42 mutations (26 [61.9%] novel) in @entity18963 . Missense mutations (15, 45.6%) were the most frequent, and multiple mutations occurred in 4 (7.0%) probands. Another 110 mutation carriers were identified during familial evaluation; 38 were clinically affected with @entity4346 >= 13 mm. Disease penetrance was, therefore, incomplete (56.9% in all mutation carriers, 34.5% in relatives), related to age (38.4% <40 versus 68.6% >= 40 years, P<0.001), and was greater in males than females (65.1% versus 48.1%, P=0.03). In 9 families (25 individuals) with the @entity23664 mutation, there was marked heterogeneity in age at diagnosis (5 to 80 years), pattern of @entity1184 (11 none, 9 asymmetrical, 3 concentric, 1 apical, 1 eccentric), and prognosis (premature @entity944 in 2 individuals compared with survival to advanced age in 6 individuals). During follow up of 7.9+/-4.5 years, in 82 clinically affected individuals the annual risk of @entity944 and all cause mortality was 0.46% and 0.93% per year, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Disease expression in families with @entity1121 related to @entity18963 mutations shows marked heterogeneity with incomplete, age-related, and gender specific penetrance. Importantly, complex genetic status is observed and should be considered when mutation analysis and cascade screening is used in the evaluation of at risk family members.

title: Cardiac myosin binding protein-C mutations in families with XXXX : disease expression in relation to age, gender, and long term outcome.

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCM', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: Perturbations of the trans-sarcolemmal and sarcoplasmic @entity141 transport contribute to the abnormal myocardial activity provoked by @entity519 and reoxygenation. Whether @entity141 pools of the extracellular compartment and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) are involved to the same extent in the @entity409 of the anoxic-reoxygenated immature heart has not been investigated. Spontaneously contracting hearts isolated from 4-day-old @entity1573 embryos were submitted to repeated @entity519 (1 min) followed by reoxygenation (5 min). Heart rate, atrioventricular propagation velocity, ventricular shortening, velocities of contraction and relaxation, and incidence of @entity943 were studied, recorded continuously. Addition of @entity1855 (10 nM), which blocks selectively sarcolemmal L-type @entity141 channels, was expected to protect against excessive entry of extracellular @entity141 , whereas addition of @entity8452 (10 nM), which opens the SR @entity141 release channel, was expected to increase cytosolic @entity141 concentration. @entity1855 (a) had no dromotropic effect by contrast to adult heart, (b) attenuated ventricular contracture induced by repeated @entity519 , (c) shortened cardioplegia induced by reoxygenation, and (d) had remarkable antiarrhythmic properties during reoxygenation specially. On the other hand, @entity8452 potentiated markedly @entity943 both during @entity519 and at reoxygenation. Thus despite its immaturity, the SR seems to be functional early in the developing @entity1573 heart and involved in the reversible @entity409 induced by @entity519 -reoxygenation. Moreover, @entity141 entry through L-type channels appears to worsen @entity943 especially during reoxygenation. These findings show that the @entity141 -handling systems involved in irregular activity in immature heart, such as the embryonic @entity1573 heart, may differ from those in the adult.

title: Effects of @entity1855 and @entity8452 on activity of the embryonic @entity1573 heart during XXXX and reoxygenation.

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil', 'Verapamil']

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['anoxia']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity817 ( @entity8554 ) may play a role in the progression from @entity3557 to @entity259 ( @entity259 ). We tested the effects of a highly selective @entity817 ( @entity8554 ) inhibitor, @entity17169 , on proliferation, migration, and invasion both in @entity1 @entity259 cell lines (8505c(B-Raf @entity8554 ) and @entity15293 ( @entity8958 / @entity2750 and wild-type @entity817 )) and in primary @entity1 normal thyroid (NT) follicular cells engineered with or without @entity817 ( @entity8554 ). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Large-scale genotyping analysis by mass spectrometry was performed in order to analyze >900 gene mutations. Cell proliferation and migration/invasion were performed upon @entity17169 treatment in 8505c, @entity15293 , and NT cells. Orthotopic implantation of either 8505c or @entity15293 cells into the thyroid of severe combined @entity465 @entity19 was performed. Gene validations were performed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: We found that @entity17169 reduced in vitro cell proliferation and migration and invasion of 8505c cells, causing early downregulation of genes involved in @entity5 progression. @entity17169 -treated NT cells overexpressing @entity817 ( @entity8554 ) (heterozygous wild-type @entity817 / @entity817 ( @entity8554 )) showed significantly lower cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. @entity17169 treatment did not block cell invasion in @entity15293 cells with wild-type @entity817 , which showed very low and delayed in vivo @entity5 growth. In vivo, @entity17169 treatment of 8505c orthotopic @entity259 inhibited @entity146 and significantly upregulated the thyroid differentiation markers @entity7457 and paired box gene 8. CONCLUSIONS: Here, we have shown that @entity17169 preferentially inhibits migration and invasion of @entity817 ( @entity8554 ) @entity259 cells and @entity146 . Normal thyroid cells were generated to be heterozygous for wild-type @entity817 / @entity817 ( @entity8554 ), mimicking the condition found in most @entity1 @entity259 . @entity17169 was effective in reducing cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in this heterozygous model. @entity17169 therapy should be tested and considered for a phase I study for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity817 ( @entity8554 ) @entity259 .

title: Targeting BRAFV600E with @entity17169 displays potent antimigratory and anti-invasive activity in preclinical models of @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['tumor aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficient']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid tumors', 'ATC', 'anaplastic thyroid cancer', 'thyroid cancer', 'thyroid cancers']

entities_list: @entity7457 :: ('7080', 'Gene') :: ['thyroid transcription factor 1']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively evaluate the efficacy of high-dose-rate brachytherapy of @entity5436 with a special focus on analysis of @entity137 . STUDY DESIGN: Twenty consecutive @entity1 were irradiated with brachytherapy of @entity5436 with component ca in situ (N=3). Late complications of the vagina graded using the CTCAE v.3.0. General assessment three-step scale was introduced for simplicity of analysis. RESULTS: The median age was 57 years (range: 28-80 years). The median follow-up time was 39 months (range: 14-115 months). @entity5436 recurrence was observed in 1 @entity1 . The 3-year disease free survival rate was 90% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 71-100%). Observed late side effects: libido grades 1-2 in 15 (75%), vaginal discharge grade 2 (pad use indicated) in 2 (10%), @entity2133 ( @entity546 ) in 7 (35%), @entity33 grades 2-3 in 6 (30%), @entity850 grades 2-3 in 7 (35%) and vaginitis grades 2-3 in 4 (20%) cases. General assessment was good in 9 (45%), average in 2 (10%), and bad in 9 (45%) @entity1 . Treatment dose affected the @entity137 (p=0.05). In groups of @entity1 irradiated with biologically equivalent dose (assuming a/b=3Gy) of 47.3-63Gy and >= 70Gy, the risk of poor or moderate @entity137 amounted to 16.7% (95% CI: 0-47%) and 71.4% (95% CI: 48-95%), respectively. CONCLUSION: Brachytherapy revealed to be effective method of @entity5436 treatment, but applying EQD2>= 70Gy into vagina generates unacceptable @entity137 .

title: Brachytherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['dryness grade 2']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia', 'Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity5436 :: (MESH:D019048,Disease) :: ['vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 561 Background: Mutations in @entity0 gene 1 and 2( @entity6069 ) account for 50% of the @entity5344 . About one third of the mutations are of unknown pathogenetic relevance (unclassified variants, UCV). We recently identified @entity24717 as a third high penetrance gene (Meindl et al., 2010). Like @entity6069 , @entity24717 is also involved in homologous recombination repair (HRR) in response to DNA double strand breaks. It has recently been shown that cells with @entity14183 are sensitive to synthetic lethality mediated by @entity9190 inhibition. Under the assumption that further high risk genes may exist which acts through the HRR pathway we aimed to develop a reliable functional test system which allows the evaluation of @entity14183 in heterozygous carriers. METHODS: We included eight carriers of a pathogenic @entity2674 mutation, two carriers of a pathogenic @entity24717 mutation and nine healthy controls as well as seven @entity2674 UCV carriers. @entity1 and control lymphocytes were y-irradiated in G2 phase to introduce DNA-DSB. For the assessment of HRR capacity, metaphase chromosomes were stained by multicolour fluorescence in situ hybridisation ( @entity24328 ). Chromosomal translocations and breakages were counted per mitosis and referred to total chromosomal number. The aberration frequency of @entity2674 and @entity24717 carriers versus the controls was compared. RESULTS: Lymphocytes from @entity2674 and @entity24717 pathogenic mutation carriers versus controls showed a mean aberration frequency of 2.51  0.36 (standard deviation, SD) and 2.7  0.25 (SD), respectively, versus 1.4  0.44 (SD) chromosomal aberrations per metaphase with no overlap (p-value <0.001; Student's t-test). Seven @entity1 carrying an UCV in @entity2674 could be allocated to either the pathogenic or the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Our test system allows the detection of @entity14183 in heterozygous lymphocytes of @entity2674 and @entity24717 gene mutation carriers and is currently evaluated in @entity5345 positive cases. The assay may enable the identification of @entity14183 irrespective of the underlying gene defect and may also serve as a biomarker for sensitivity to @entity9190 inhibition.

title: A functional assay for the identification of DNA double-strand break repair deficiency in heterozygous carriers of @entity6069 and XXXX mutations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['familial aggregation of breast and ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity14183 :: ('MESH:D049914', 'Disease') :: ['HRR deficiency']

answer: @entity24717 :: (5889,Gene) :: ['RAD51C']