abstract: BACKGROUND: Atherosclerotic plaques indicate the occurrence of @entity63 events and it is a difficult task for clinical physicians. Grape seed @entity22271 extract (GSPE) has been reported to exert an antiatherogenic effect by inducing regression of @entity731 in animal experimental studies. In this study, the antiatherogenic effect of GSPE has been investigated in clinical use. METHODS: Consecutive 287 @entity1 diagnosed with asymptomatic carotid plaques or abnormal plaque free @entity1004 ( @entity1004 ) were randomly assigned to the GSPE group (n = 146) or control group (n = 141). The @entity1 in the GSPE group received GSPE 200 mg per day orally, while @entity1 in the control group were only enrolled in a lifestyle intervention program. Carotid ultrasound examination was performed at baseline and 6, 12, 24 months during follow-up. Mean maximum @entity1004 (MMCIMT), plaque score, echogenicity of plaques and @entity63 vascular events were recorded. RESULTS: As anticipated, after treatment, GSPE resulted in significant reduction in MMCIMT progression (4.2% decrease after six months, 4.9% decrease after 12 months and 5.8% decrease after 24 months) and plaque score (10.9% decrease after six months, 24.1% decrease after 12 months and 33.1% decrease after 24 months) for the primary outcome, while MMCIMT and plaque score were stable and even increased with the time going on in control group. The number of plaques and unstable plaques also decreased after treatment of GSPE. Furthermore, the carotid plaque can disappear after treatment with GSPE. The incidence rate for @entity63 ( @entity63 ), arterial revascularization procedure, and hospital readmission for @entity1459 in GSPE group were statistically significant lower (P = 0.02, 0.08, 0.002, respectively) compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: GSPE inhibited the progression of MMCIMT and reduced carotid plaque size in GSPE treated @entity1 , and with extended treatment, the superior efficacy on MMCIMT and carotid plaque occurred. Furthermore, the GSPE group showed lower rates of clinical vascular events.

title: Beneficial clinical effects of grape seed XXXX extract on the progression of carotid @entity731 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1004 :: ('MESH:C563733', 'Disease') :: ['carotid intima-media thickness', 'CIMT']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'transitory ischemic attack', 'TIA', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity22271 :: ('MESH:C013221', 'Chemical') :: ['proanthocyanidin']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic plaques']

answer: @entity22271 :: (MESH:C013221,Chemical) :: ['proanthocyanidin']


abstract: Microneurographically recorded sympathetic outflow to the @entity1 muscle vascular bed is traditionally quantified by identifying pulse-synchronous bursts of impulses in a mean voltage neurogram and expressing them in terms of bursts per minute (burst frequency) or bursts per 100 heart beats (burst incidence). As both these measures show large inter-individual differences in resting healthy subjects, a problem arises when comparing sympathetic traffic in cross-sectional studies, making moderate differences in muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSA) between groups difficult to identify. Absolute measures of the strength of the sympathetic discharges (burst amplitude or area) can also be evaluated. However, as they critically depend on the proximity of the microelectrode to the recorded fibres, such measures cannot be used for interindividual comparisons. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of relative burst amplitude spectra for quantification of MSA, describing the proportion of small vs large bursts in a neurogram. We recorded MSA in 18 @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity712 ( @entity712 ) (New York Heart Association functional classes I-IIIA) and 18 matched healthy controls. Sympathetic activity was expressed as burst frequency, burst incidence and burst amplitude spectra. When comparing the traditional burst counts between the groups (presented as the median and 25th-75th percentiles) there was a tendency towards higher MSA in @entity712 @entity1 , but the difference was not significant (42 (34-52) vs 53 (41-63) bursts/min, 62 (51-78) vs 69 (52-84) bursts/100 heart beats, both ns). Relative burst amplitude spectra, on the other hand, were clearly shifted to the right in the @entity712 group compared to the control group (median burst amplitudes 42 (34-45) vs 30 (28-35), P = 0.0002). Relative burst amplitude spectra thus appear to provide a more sensitive indicator of altered MSA than traditional burst counts. The right-ward shift of these spectra may suggest that sympatho-excitation occurs early in the development of @entity712 .

title: Relative burst amplitude in XXXX muscle sympathetic nerve activity: a sensitive indicator of altered sympathetic traffic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: Blood-brain barrier and blood- @entity5 barrier (BBB/BTB) are the main limitations for chemotherapeutics in @entity11 therapy. Focused ultrasound (FUS) combined novel @entity632 -loaded liposomes (LIP- @entity3105 ) was applied to open the BBB/BTB and improve the efficiency of @entity11 -targeted chemotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS: Particle size, Zeta potential and drug encapsulation efficiency were evaluated. @entity36 model @entity35 were established to evaluate the BBB/BTB disruption and the @entity11 inhibition in vivo. With Evans Blue (EB) as the model, the permeability of BBB/BTB was evaluated. The @entity11 inhibition of FUS+LIP- @entity3105 was investigated by magnetic resonance images (MRI) and confocal laser microscope. The activities of b1-intergrin and @entity22677 proteins in response to FUS-mediated BBB/BTB opening were explored. RESULTS: LIP- @entity3105 has suitable nanoscale size and good polydispersity index. From EB extravasation experiment, FUS increased the BBB/BTB penetration and accumulation of EB in the @entity11 . LIP- @entity3105 combined with FUS could efficiently enhance @entity3105 penetrate into the model @entity35 brains, realizing strong @entity11 inhibition in vivo. Among @entity3105 -administrated groups, FUS+LIP- @entity3105 group showed the beat inhibition on @entity11 . FUS+LIP- @entity3105 group reduced the @entity5 progression ratio from 1.18 to -0.20, extending the median survival from 23d to 57.5d. b1-intergrin and @entity22677 were significantly decreased after FUS treatment, which explained the molecular mechanisms of BBB-opening by FUS. CONCLUSIONS: Glioma-targeted inhibition can be realized by using FUS induced BBB/BTB-opening technique combined with LIP- @entity3105 . This combined technology will be developed as a potential strategy for @entity11 -targeted therapy.

title: Using FUS induced BBB/BTB-opening technique combined with @entity632 liposomes to improve XXXX -targeted inhibition.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Doxorubicin']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: It is suggested that growth factors support the process of maturation and differentiation in the @entity1 oviduct. Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) and insulin-like growth factors (IGF) are possible influences on these processes. The present study describes for the first time the expression of @entity69524 and their receptors as well as @entity69525 and the corresponding IGF receptor type 1 in the oviduct of the New World monkey @entity7533 . Because of the limited RNA yields from oviducts, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to estimate expression levels. Expression patterns were found to be similar for all examined growth factors and receptors: the highest mRNA contents were obtained at the late proliferative and early to midsecretory phases, compared with lower levels during the early proliferative phase. Elevated amounts of these RNAs were correlated with high serum @entity53 but not with @entity1420 concentrations. Each PCR product showed a high degree of homology (> 92%) to the known @entity1 sequences. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated greater specific staining for @entity69524 and @entity69526 before ovulation on the luminal epithelial surface of marmoset oviducts in comparison to the other cycle phases. Differences in staining intensity were not observed between the ampulla and isthmus. In summary, the marmoset oviduct expresses all components of functional FGF and IGF systems, thus suggesting auto-/paracrine effects of these growth factors within the primate oviduct, possibly under the control of estrogenic hormones.

title: Insulin-like and fibroblast growth factors and their receptors are differentially expressed in the oviducts of the XXXX monkey ( @entity7533 ) during the ovulatory cycle.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity7533 :: ('9483', 'Species') :: ['Callithrix jacchus']

answer: @entity7533 :: (9483,Species) :: ['common marmoset']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical predictors of @entity625 ( @entity625 ) in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and other connective tissue diseases. METHODS: Four hundred and one consecutive @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity309 between January 2010 and January 2013 were enrolled in the study. During the study period, 729 consecutive @entity1 with non- @entity309 connective tissue diseases were also included, and a cross-sectional study was performed. Medical records were reviewed. Only those @entity1 with data for 2 years were considered in the analysis (338). RESULTS: Erosive @entity625 was noted in 60.4% (204 /338) of @entity1 with @entity309 and occurred early in @entity309 . The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that @entity14931 , @entity417 , and positive anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) were strongly associated factors for the occurrence of @entity625 in @entity309 @entity1 . Erosive @entity625 was also noted in 1.5% of @entity1 with @entity1252 , 5.8% of @entity1 with primary @entity751 , and 9.1% (3/33) of @entity1 with @entity785 . When compared with @entity1 without @entity625 , high level and prominently higher positive rate of ACPA was found in these @entity1 with @entity625 . On receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, ACPA exhibited a maximum sensitivity with a cutoff value of 1.6 U/mL and 0.6 U/mL for @entity309 and @entity1252 @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSION: Erosive @entity625 had a high prevalence in Chinese @entity309 @entity1 and occurred early. @entity417 , @entity14931 , and ACPA were associated with @entity625 in @entity309 . Erosive @entity625 also could be detected in @entity1252 , primary @entity751 , and @entity785 . Anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies were also associated with @entity625 in these diseases. Intensive monitoring for erosions was recommended for @entity309 @entity1 with a cutoff of ACPA greater than 1.6 U/mL and greater than 0.6 U/mL for @entity1252 @entity1 .

title: Factors Associated with @entity625 in XXXX and Other Connective Tissue Diseases: A Retrospective Study From a Southern Chinese Population.

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['Anemia', 'anemia']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['EA', 'arthritis', 'erosive arthritis']

entities_list: @entity14931 :: ('MESH:D012218', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid nodules']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['Sj  gren syndrome']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study aims to review flexion type supracondylar humerus @entity174 in @entity1 and treatment options. @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty-seven @entity1 (26 males, 21 females; mean age 8.6  3.2 years; range 4 to 15 years) who admitted to and were hospitalized in a pediatric orthopedics clinic between January 2002 and January 2014 due to flexion type supracondylar humerus @entity174 were included in this retrospective study. @entity174 were classified according to Wilkins modification of Gartland system. Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (CRPP) were administered in all @entity1 with type 2 and 3 @entity174 . An overhead traction or open reduction was applied when closed reduction could not be achieved with three manipulations. @entity1 were evaluated clinically and radiologically. The results were graded according to Flynn criteria. RESULTS: Four @entity1 with type 1 @entity174 were treated conservatively. Of the remaining @entity1 , we were able to perform CRPP successfully in 36 (83.7%). While six @entity1 (14%) were treated with open reduction and internal fixation, one @entity1 (2.1%) was treated with overhead traction. The results were excellent or good in 44 @entity1 (93.7%). CONCLUSION: Compared with extension type @entity174 , these @entity174 are seen in older @entity1 and are rarer. One should be prepared to perform open reduction especially for type 3 @entity174 . In our study, results of @entity1 with type 3 @entity174 treated with CRPP were superior.

title: Flexion type supracondylar humerus XXXX : 12 year experience of a pediatric orthopedics clinic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: During conventional reconstruction of the auricle in @entity1 with @entity9407 , simply separating the auricle from the mastoid region with a full-thickness skin graft usually fails to create firm elevation and sufficient projection. To achieve frontal symmetry is difficult, and sometimes the normal auricle needs to be set back. We reconstructed the auricle in @entity1 with @entity9407 in two major stages using a modified Nagata's method. Using a wide W-incision skin flap, the first stage includes implantation of a cartilage framework and transposition of the ear lobule. Our modification lies in the second stage. Instead of using the superficial temporoparietal fascial flap, we elevated a @entity4438 from the mastoid region, turning it over to wrap an autogenous costal-cartilage wedge, and covered it with a full-thickness skin graft. Between June 1996 and May 1999, eight @entity1 underwent this operation. All the fascial flaps and overlying full-thickness skin grafts survived well. The advantages of our technique include firm elevation, good frontal projection and a natural appearance of the posterior aspect of the ear. Additionally, by using this fast and practical procedure, we avoid creating additional scars on the scalp and preserve the superficial temporoparietal fascia and superficial temporal vessels.

title: Firm elevation of the auricle in reconstruction of @entity9407 with a XXXX wrapping an autogenous cartilage wedge.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4438 :: ('MESH:C563219', 'Disease') :: ['retroauricular fascial flap']

answer: @entity4438 :: (MESH:C563219,Disease) :: ['retroauricular fascial flap']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility of standardized surveillance of @entity580 ( @entity580 ) in The Netherlands, using local data on @entity1 with @entity580 collected by infection control practitioners (ICPs) and denominator data on all @entity1 under surveillance obtained from the Dutch National Medical Registry (LMR). DESIGN: A prospective, multicenter study. SETTING: Eight hospitals in the Utrecht region, and the National Institute of Public Health and the Environment. @entity1 : ICPs traced @entity580 in gynecological and orthopedic @entity1 for 9 to 16 months. Denominator data on all @entity1 under surveillance were obtained from the LMR. RESULTS: Data from 8,922 @entity1 were collected; the ICPs registered 470 @entity1 with 526 @entity580 . Overall, the @entity580 incidence was 5.9 per 100 @entity1 , or 6.3 per 1,000 @entity1 days. @entity293 ( @entity293 ) were most frequent (3.3%), followed by @entity6081 ( @entity6081 ; 2.0%) and @entity281 (0.12%). The incidence of both @entity6081 and @entity293 differed markedly between hospitals, only partially on account of differences in @entity1 mix (age, type of operations), antibiotic prophylaxis, and intensity of tracing methods for @entity580 . Delay in the availability of denominator data hampered the timely feedback of incidence figures. CONCLUSIONS: Surveillance of @entity580 in a network of sentinel hospitals offered valuable information on the occurrence of @entity580 and on factors influencing the incidence of @entity580 . It revealed situations in which both @entity580 surveillance and infection control methods in individual hospitals should be improved. Obtaining denominator data on all @entity1 from electronically registered @entity1 discharge data greatly reduces the workload of ICPs and enables surveillance on all types of @entity580 (all body sites and all pathogens). For timely feedback, numerator and denominator data within hospitals must be linked.

title: Sentinel system for XXXX in The Netherlands: a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6081 :: ('MESH:D013530', 'Disease') :: ['SWI', 'surgical-wound infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['bloodborne infections']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['NI', 'nosocomial infections']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary tract infections', 'UTI']

answer: @entity580 :: (MESH:D003428,Disease) :: ['nosocomial infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined samples of @entity1 with cannabis-induced @entity716 . AIMS: To establish whether cannabis-induced @entity914 are followed by development of persistent @entity716 conditions, and the timing of their onset. METHOD: Data on @entity1 treated for cannabis-induced @entity716 between 1994 and 1999 were extracted from the Danish Psychiatric Central Register. Those previously treated for any @entity716 were excluded. The remaining 535 @entity1 were followed for at least 3 years. In a separate analysis, the sample was compared with @entity1 referred for @entity161 -spectrum disorders for the first time, but who had no history of cannabis-induced @entity716 . RESULTS: @entity161 -spectrum disorders were diagnosed in 44.5% of the sample. New @entity716 episodes of any type were diagnosed in 77.2%. Male gender and young age were associated with increased risk. Development of @entity161 -spectrum disorders was often delayed, and 47.1% of @entity1 received a diagnosis more than a year after seeking treatment for a cannabis-induced @entity716 . The @entity1 developed @entity161 at an earlier age than @entity1 in the comparison group (males, 24.6 v. 30.7 years, females, 28.9 v. 33.1 years). CONCLUSIONS: Cannabis-induced @entity914 are of great clinical and prognostic importance.

title: Cannabis-induced @entity716 and subsequent XXXX -spectrum disorders: follow-up study of 535 incident cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic', 'psychosis', 'psychotic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorders']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an essential differentiation program during tissue morphogenesis and remodeling. EMT is induced by soluble @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) family members, and restricted by vascular endothelial growth factor family members. While many downstream molecular regulators of EMT have been identified, these have been largely evaluated individually without considering potential crosstalk. In this study, we created an ensemble of dynamic mathematical models describing @entity2533 induced EMT to better understand the operational hierarchy of this complex molecular program. We used ordinary differential equations (ODEs) to describe the transcriptional and post-translational regulatory events driving EMT. Model parameters were estimated from multiple data sets using multiobjective optimization, in combination with cross-validation. @entity2533 exposure drove the model population toward a mesenchymal phenotype, while an epithelial phenotype was enhanced following @entity7 ( @entity7 ) exposure. Simulations predicted that the transcription factors phosphorylated @entity3419 and NFAT were master regulators promoting or inhibiting EMT, respectively. Surprisingly, simulations also predicted that a cellular population could exhibit phenotypic heterogeneity (characterized by a significant fraction of the population with both high epithelial and mesenchymal marker expression) if treated simultaneously with @entity2533 and @entity7 . We tested this prediction experimentally in both MCF10A and DLD1 cells and found that upwards of 45% of the cellular population acquired this hybrid state in the presence of both @entity2533 and @entity7 . We experimentally validated the predicted NFAT/ @entity3419 signaling axis for each phenotype response. Lastly, we found that cells in the hybrid state had significantly different functional behavior when compared to @entity7 or @entity2533 treatment alone. Together, these results establish a predictive mechanistic model of EMT susceptibility, and potentially reveal a novel signaling axis which regulates @entity189 progression through an EMT versus tubulogenesis response.

title: Population Heterogeneity in the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition Is Controlled by NFAT and Phosphorylated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-b', 'transforming growth factor b']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF-A', 'vascular endothelial growth factor A']

answer: @entity3419 :: (6667,Gene) :: ['Sp1']


abstract: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is well-established as a potentially curative treatment for @entity1 who have chronic @entity2800 . The success of @entity2213 and other @entity669 kinase inhibitors (TKI) as initial therapy has changed the treatment paradigm for this disease. Allogeneic hematopoietic transplants are now reserved for @entity1 whose disease does not respond optimally to TKI treatment. @entity1 whose disease does not have an optimal response to @entity2213 may respond to a second-generation TKI, @entity8947 or @entity10542 , and many achieve major or complete molecular and cytogenetic responses. The indication for allogeneic HSCT versus continued second-line therapy is not well-defined and is the subject of ongoing study. There has been continued progress in reducing the @entity137 and risks of HSCT with development of reduced-intensity regimens; transplants can be routinely performed in @entity1 up to the age of 75 years who are in fair general medical condition. Transplantation results from unrelated donors have improved, with survival rates similar that achieved with matched siblings. Results with haploidentical and cord blood transplants have markedly improved, and should be considered for @entity1 lacking a matched donor. Allogeneic hematopoietic transplants have the best chance to be curative in @entity1 with chronic phase that is under hematologic control with 80% disease-free survival; @entity1 progressing to the accelerated phase or blast crisis have a much poorer prognosis. Thus, HSCT should be considered for @entity1 with @entity2213 failure. @entity1 receiving second-line TKI therapy must be closely monitored and referred for transplantation if a complete cytogenetic response and major molecular response is not achieved. HSCT should be performed if feasible in @entity1 without a continued response to TKI treatment.

title: Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for chronic XXXX resistant to @entity669 kinase inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8947 :: ('MESH:C488369', 'Chemical') :: ['dasatinib']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2800 :: ('MESH:D007951', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

entities_list: @entity10542 :: ('MESH:C498826', 'Chemical') :: ['nilotinib']

answer: @entity2800 :: (MESH:D007951,Disease) :: ['myeloid leukemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity950 ( @entity950 ) is a rare @entity74 characterized by the development of multiple @entity1127 in the gastrointestinal tract. @entity1127 are most common in the colorectum (98  % of @entity1 ) and the stomach (14  %). Causative mutations for @entity950 have been identified in two genes to date, @entity1594 and @entity1842 . @entity1594 mutations are associated with a higher incidence of @entity37906 . In this case report, we describe two @entity1 with massive @entity37906 associated with a @entity1594 mutation. Both presented with @entity417 and both had @entity1586 . Initial endoscopic findings revealed giant rugal folds suggestive of M  n  trier disease. However, as other possible gastropathies could not be differentiated on the basis of histology, a definitive diagnosis of @entity950 required additional mutation analysis. In @entity1 with @entity1412 predominant in or limited to the stomach, establishing a diagnosis based solely on the pathological features of @entity1127 can be challenging due to difficulties in differentiating @entity950 from other @entity1184 . Mutation analysis should be considered early in the diagnostic process in cases of suspected @entity1412 , thus facilitating rapid diagnosis and adequate follow-up.

title: Massive @entity37906 associated with a germline XXXX gene mutation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['hamartomatous polyps', 'polyps', 'Polyps']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic gastropathies']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant disorder']

entities_list: @entity37906 :: ('MESH:C562464', 'Disease') :: ['gastric polyposis']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['polyposis', 'juvenile polyposis']

entities_list: @entity950 :: ('MESH:C537702', 'Disease') :: ['JPS', 'Juvenile polyposis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colonic polyps']

answer: @entity1594 :: (4089,Gene) :: ['SMAD4']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The "gold standard" and only accurate method for diagnosing @entity355 is by esophagogastroduodenoscopy with biopsy. We evaluated the ability of high-resolution endoluminal sonography (HRES) to detect the mucosal changes in @entity355 . METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 with documented Barrett's and 12 normal controls underwent endoscopy with HRES examination using a 20 MHz ultrasound transducer to evaluate for mucosal changes. HRES examinations were videotaped then reviewed by an unblinded investigator to identify criteria possibly diagnostic of Barrett's and then by a blinded investigator to test the validity of these criteria. Barrett's was diagnosed by HRES if the second hypoechoic layer appeared thicker than the first @entity5932 . Normal mucosa was defined as having a pencil-thin second hypoechoic layer on HRES. Measurements of the second hypoechoic layer were made using a computer and compared in @entity1 with Barrett's and @entity1 with normal esophagus. RESULTS: All 17 @entity1 with Barrett's were correctly identified by HRES (sensitivity 100%). Ten of 12 controls were correctly identified as normal (specificity 86%). There was good correlation between HRES and pathologic diagnoses (r 0.86). The second hypoechoic layer was significantly thicker in Barrett's @entity1 than in normal controls (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: HRES is a sensitive new method for identifying @entity355 . However, @entity1141 could not be identified by HRES in this study.

title: High-resolution endoluminal sonography is a sensitive modality for the identification of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity5932 :: ('MESH:C565008', 'Disease') :: ['hyperechoic layer of the mucosa']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's metaplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Early identification of causative microorganism(s) in @entity1 with severe @entity281 is crucial to optimize antimicrobial use and @entity1 survival. However, current culture-based pathogen identification is slow and unreliable such that broad-spectrum antibiotics are often used to insure coverage of all potential organisms, carrying risks of overtreatment, @entity137 , and selection of multidrug-resistant bacteria. We compared the results obtained using a novel, culture-independent polymerase chain reaction/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry technology with those obtained by standard microbiological testing and evaluated the potential clinical implications of this technique. DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: Nine ICUs in six European countries. @entity1 : @entity1 admitted between October 2013 and June 2014 with suspected or proven @entity281 , @entity55 , or sterile fluid and tissue @entity281 were considered for inclusion. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We tested 616 @entity281 , 185 @entity55 , and 110 sterile fluid and tissue specimens from 529 @entity1 . From the 616 @entity281 samples, polymerase chain reaction/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry identified a pathogen in 228 cases (37%) and culture in just 68 (11%). Culture was positive and polymerase chain reaction/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry negative in 13 cases, and both were negative in 384 cases, giving polymerase chain reaction/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry a sensitivity of 81%, specificity of 69%, and negative predictive value of 97% at 6 hours from sample acquisition. The distribution of organisms was similar with both techniques. Similar observations were made for @entity55 and sterile fluid and tissue specimens. Independent clinical analysis of results suggested that polymerase chain reaction/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry technology could potentially have resulted in altered treatment in up to 57% of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Polymerase chain reaction/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry provides rapid pathogen identification in critically ill @entity1 . The ability to rule out @entity281 within 6 hours has potential clinical and economic benefits.

title: Rapid Diagnosis of Infection in the Critically Ill, a Multicenter Study of Molecular Detection in Bloodstream Infections, XXXX , and @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'bloodstream infection']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['Pneumonia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: MiRNAs are small, non-protein-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression either by post-transcriptionally suppressing mRNA translation or by mRNA degradation. We examine differentially expressed miRNAs in @entity14 , @entity652 and normal colonic mucosa. Data come from population-based studies of @entity14 conducted in Utah and the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program. A total of 1893 @entity189 /normal-paired samples and 290 @entity652 tissue samples were run on the Agilent @entity1 miRNA Microarray V19.0 which contained 2006 miRNAs. We tested for significant differences in miRNA expression between paired @entity189 / @entity652 /normal colonic tissue samples. Fewer than 600 miRNAs were expressed in >80% of @entity1 for colonic tissue; of these 86.5% were statistically differentially expressed between @entity189 and normal colonic mucosa using a false discovery rate of 0.05. Roughly half of these differentially expressed miRNAs showed a progression in levels of expression from normal to @entity2513 tissue. Other miRNAs appeared to be altered at the normal to @entity652 stage, while others were only altered at the @entity2513 stage or only at the normal to @entity189 stage. Evaluation of the Agilent platform showed a high degree of repeatability (r = 0.98) and reasonable agreement with the NanoString platform. Our data suggest that miRNAs are highly dysregulated in colorectal tissue among individuals with @entity14 ; the pattern of disruption varies by miRNA as tissue progresses from normal to @entity2513 .

title: MicroRNA profiles in XXXX , @entity652 and normal colonic mucosa: variations in miRNA expression and disease progression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'colorectal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma to carcinoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinomas']


abstract: AIMS: Ionic perturbation in vascular smooth muscle cells contributes to @entity5707 in the setting of @entity101 , but the role of transient receptor potential (TRP) channel superfamily remains unknown. The present study was conducted to define the contribution of TRP channels to @entity5707 . METHODS AND RESULTS: By integrating quantitative PCR, western blotting, patch clamping, and @entity141 imaging, we identified TRP channel, subfamily canonical, member 3 ( @entity58919 ) as the channel subtype most considerably elevated in basilar arteries of two-kidney, two-clip @entity64 -prone @entity101 @entity35 . Importantly, administration of @entity12905 3 (Pyr3), a @entity58919 channel blocker, @entity536 . During @entity101 , @entity10816 ( @entity10816 ) was transactivated, as evidenced by marked @entity10816 phosphorylation, increased pro- @entity33357 shedding, and elevated activity of @entity30469 ( @entity33357 sheddase). @entity30469 activity was increased owing to enhanced activation rather than elevated expression. Remarkably, Pyr3 treatment suppressed @entity10816 transactivation in @entity101 . In proliferating basilar artery smooth muscle cells or basilar arteries of @entity101 @entity35 , co-immunoprecipitation assay revealed an interaction between @entity58919 and @entity30469 upon Ang II stimulation. CONCLUSION: Collectively, we demonstrated that enhanced @entity10816 transactivation, due to increased @entity58919 expression and functional coupling of @entity58919 / @entity30469 , resulted in @entity5707 . Therefore, @entity58919 -induced @entity10816 transactivation may be therapeutically exploited to prevent @entity101 -induced @entity5707 .

title: @entity58919 channel confers XXXX during @entity101 via transactivation of EGF receptor signalling.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity10816 :: ('24329(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity536 :: ('MESH:C538265', 'Disease') :: ['attenuated cerebrovascular remodelling']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular remodelling']

answer: @entity5707 :: (MESH:D020257,Disease) :: ['cerebrovascular remodelling']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Phenotypic sex differences in primates are associated with body differentiation during the early stages of life, expressed in both physiological and behavioral features. Hormones seem to play a pivotal role in creating a range of responses to meet environmental and social demands, resulting in better reactions to @entity69078 with challenges to survival and reproduction. @entity479 hormones actively participate in neuroplasticity and @entity230 from both gonads and neurons seem to be involved in behavioral modulation in primates. Indirect evidence suggests the participation of sexual @entity230 in dimorphism of the stress response in @entity7533 . This species is an important experimental model in psychiatry, and we found a dual profile for @entity701 in the transition from juvenile to subadult, with females showing higher levels. Immature males and females at 6 and 9   months of age moved alone from the family group to a new cage, over a 21-day period, expressed distinct patterns of @entity701 variation with respect to range and duration of response. Additional evidence showed that at 12   months of age, males and females buffered the @entity2339 during chronic stress. Moreover, chronic stressed juvenile marmoset males showed better cognitive performance in working memory tests and motivation when compared to those submitted to short-term stress living in family groups. Thus, as @entity701 profile seems to be sexually dimorphic before adulthood, age and sex are critical variables to consider in approaches that require immature marmosets in their experimental protocols. Moreover, available cognitive tests should be scrutinized to allow better investigation of cognitive traits in this species.

title: Endocrine and Cognitive Adaptations to XXXX with Stress in Immature @entity7533 ( @entity7533 ): Sex and Age Matter.

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity7533 :: ('9483', 'Species') :: ['common marmosets']

answer: @entity69078 :: (100389153,Gene) :: ['Cope']


abstract: To assess the in vivo sensitivity of @entity3964 to @entity8775 and @entity506 in a hyperendemic area of southern Viet @entity9505 , we studied 41 @entity1 and 21 adults from a remote commune who had uncomplicated @entity9231 without previous treatment. @entity1 were randomly allocated to @entity506 (4 mg/kg on day 0 and 2 mg/kg on days 1-4) or @entity8775 (10 mg/kg followed by 5 mg/kg at 6 h). Serial assessments were performed over 28 days. Of 31 @entity1 allocated @entity506 , nine (29%) redeveloped parasitaemia during follow-up compared with 23% (seven of 30) who received @entity8775 . Of the 41 @entity1 , 15 (37%) had recrudescence/re-infection compared with only one of 20 adults (5%; p < 0.001). Significantly more @entity1 than adults failed on @entity8775 treatment (37% vs 0%; p = 0.021) and one case showed RIII resistance. There was no significant difference in the case of @entity506 . In regression analysis, parasitaemia was an independent predictor of recrudescence/re-infection after @entity8775 (p = 0.02). These data support the use of combination therapy such as @entity506 plus @entity8775 for @entity9231 in a hyperendemic area of Viet @entity9505 . Primarily because of their greater parasite densities, @entity1 should be given higher doses of @entity8775 (e.g. 25 mg/kg).

title: Treatment of @entity9231 in Vietnamese XXXX : the need for combination therapy and optimized dosage regimens.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8775 :: ('MESH:D015767', 'Chemical') :: ['mefloquine']

entities_list: @entity9231 :: ('MESH:D016778', 'Disease') :: ['falciparum malaria']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity506 :: ('MESH:C039726', 'Chemical') :: ['artesunate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: @entity4150 ( @entity4150 ) promotes the survival and differentiation of sensory and sympathetic neurons. Several studies have found that certain neuropathological factors stimulate @entity4150 receptor expression and release the truncated @entity7169 (TNGFR) to biological fluids. The aim of this pilot study was to determine urine TNGFR levels in @entity1 with @entity303 and to verify whether TNGFR can be used as a biomarker of @entity303 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve @entity1 with @entity303 and 12 healthy individuals were asked to voluntarily participate in this study. Ages, sexes, and weights were matched. The first morning urine samples were collected and the concentrations of TNGFR in the urine samples were measured by fluoroimmunoassay. RESULTS: The mean levels of TNGFR in the urine samples of the healthy control subjects and the @entity1 with @entity303 were 164    23 and 341    66 ng / mg @entity1011 respectively. A positive relationship was found between the levels of TNGFR in different ages of both control and @entity1 subgroups. This is consistent with the previous observations that pathological condition may stimulate the @entity4150 receptor expression. CONCLUSION: These findings might be of assistance to evaluate the development of the @entity2414 associated with @entity195 and other age-associated diseases.

title: @entity4150 receptors in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7169 :: ('4804', 'Gene') :: ['nerve growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity4150 :: ('4803', 'Gene') :: ['Nerve growth factor', 'NGF']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory loss']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the response, failure-free survival (FFS), and overall survival rates and @entity137 of rituximab plus an intense chemotherapy regimen in @entity1 with previously untreated aggressive @entity1073 ( @entity1073 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: This was a prospective phase II trial of rituximab plus fractionated @entity786 , @entity1891 , @entity632 , and @entity619 ( @entity2915 ; considered one cycle) alternating every 21 days with rituximab plus high-dose @entity1499 - @entity2592 (considered one cycle) for a total of six to eight cycles. RESULTS: Of 97 assessable @entity1 , 97% responded, and 87% achieved a complete response (CR) or unconfirmed CR. With a median follow-up time of 40 months, the 3-year FFS and overall survival rates were 64% and 82%, respectively, without a plateau in the curves. For the subgroup of @entity1 < or = 65 years of age, the 3-year FFS rate was 73%. The principal @entity137 was hematologic. Five @entity1 died from acute @entity137 . Four @entity1 developed treatment-related @entity2590 / @entity3052 , and three @entity1 died while in remission from @entity1073 . A total of eight treatment-related @entity204 (8%) occurred. CONCLUSION: Rituximab plus @entity2915 alternating with rituximab plus high-dose @entity1499 and @entity2592 is effective in untreated aggressive @entity1073 . @entity137 is significant but expected. Because of the shorter FFS concurrent with significant @entity137 in @entity1 more than 65 years of age, this regimen is not recommended as standard therapy for this age subgroup. Larger prospective randomized studies are needed to define the role of this regimen in the treatment of @entity1073 @entity1 compared with existing and new treatment modalities.

title: High rate of durable remissions after treatment of newly diagnosed aggressive @entity1073 with rituximab plus XXXX alternating with rituximab plus high-dose @entity1499 and @entity2592 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['mantle-cell lymphoma', 'MCL']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity2915 :: (MESH:D006948,Disease) :: ['hyper-CVAD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the retroperitoneum is rare. Furthermore, plasmacytoma with anaplastic features can be confused with high grade @entity242 clinically and histologically, particularly when the initial immunohistochemical @entity5 markers are negative. However, paying attention to cytologic imprint smears can give valuable clues to the correct diagnosis. CASE: A 73-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with a recent history of @entity615 . Abdominal computed tomography revealed a large retroperitoneal mass (6.8 x 5.1 cm). The initial pathologic evaluation revealed a high grade pleomorphic @entity5 that failed to express multiple epithelial, mesenchymal, lymphoid and @entity320 immunohistochemical markers. Subsequent fresh tissue evaluation with touch imprints and immunophenotypic characterization confirmed the plasma cell origin of the @entity5 . Thorough retrospective review of the touch imprint smears clearly showed the plasmacytic cytologic features. Features of multiple @entity1582 were essentially absent. CONCLUSION: Performing cytologic imprint smears on fresh tissue material may help in making the correct diagnosis and is highly recommended.

title: Retroperitoneal extramedullary anaplastic plasmacytoma masquerading as XXXX : Report of a case with an unusual presentation and imprint smears.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Circulating endothelial cells (CECs) have been studied as a biomarker for @entity5 progression and monitoring therapeutic effects. The CellSearch system is a semi-automated system that allows standardised analysis of CECs. This study assessed the clinical implications of CECs determined by the CellSearch system in @entity0 @entity1 . METHODS: Seventy-six consecutive @entity0 @entity1 (53 operable and 23 metastatic or recurrent) were enrolled for the study. Thirty-five @entity1 with operable @entity0 received preoperative chemotherapy with a regimen based on @entity4349 and/or @entity3907 . CECs are defined as CD146(+)CD105(+) @entity1195 (-)DAPI(+) cells in the system. @entity2280 expression was examined using the additional channel in the system. RESULTS: A majority (4539 of 5183 cells, 88%) of CECs from @entity1 with operable @entity0 were @entity2280 -positive. @entity5 showed higher baseline CEC and @entity2280 (+)CEC counts than the other types (P=0.0387 and 0.0377, respectively). Low baseline CEC and @entity2280 (+)CEC counts, and a low @entity2280 positive rate were associated with pathological complete response (pCR) of preoperative chemotherapy in @entity1 with primary @entity0 (P=0.046, 0.027 and 0.01, respectively). In multivariate analyses, the @entity2280 positive rate was significant for pCR (P=0.021). During preoperative chemotherapy, CEC and @entity2280 (+)CEC counts before each cycle of chemotherapy increased with @entity3907 -based regimens (P=0.0018 and 0.0008, respectively) but not with @entity4349 -based regimens. CONCLUSIONS: Baseline CEC, in particular @entity2280 (+)CEC, counts and the @entity2280 positive rate might be useful for the prediction of treatment response of preoperative chemotherapy in @entity1 with operable @entity0 .

title: Determining circulating endothelial cells using CellSearch system during preoperative systemic chemotherapy in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Triple-negative cancers', 'tumour']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Cell based therapy has been shown to attenuate @entity296 after @entity583 ( @entity583 ) in different acute and chronic animal models. It has been further shown that stromal-cell derived factor-1a (SDF-1a) facilitates proliferation and migration of endogenous progenitor cells into injured tissue. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of exogenously applied and endogenously mobilized cells in a regenerative strategy for @entity583 therapy. Lentivirally SDF-1a-infected endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were injected after 90  min. of ligation and reperfusion of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) intramyocardial and intracoronary using a new rodent catheter system. Eight weeks after transplantation, echocardiography and isolated heart studies revealed a significant improvement of LV function after intramyocardial application of lentiviral with @entity9017 infected EPCs compared to medium control. Intracoronary application of cells did not lead to significant differences compared to medium injected control hearts. Histology showed a significantly elevated rate of apoptotic cells and augmented proliferation after transplantation of EPCs and EPCs  +  SDF-1a in infarcted @entity1562 . In addition, a significant increased density of @entity18518 (+) vessel structures, a lower collagen content and higher numbers of inflammatory cells after transplantation of @entity9017 transgenic cells were detectable. Intramyocardial application of lentiviral-infected EPCs is associated with a significant improvement of myocardial function after @entity1188 , in contrast to an intracoronary application. Histological results revealed a significant @entity2295 , lower collagen content, higher numbers of inflammatory cells and remarkable alterations of apoptotic/proliferative processes in infarcted areas after cell transplantation.

title: Myocardial regeneration by transplantation of modified endothelial progenitor cells expressing XXXX in a rat model.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['augmentation of neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity9017 :: (24772(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['SDF-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This phase III trial compared the efficacy and safety of @entity136 plus @entity416 (GemCap) versus single-agent @entity136 ( @entity14113 ) in advanced @entity788 as first-line chemotherapy. METHODS: A total of 214 advanced @entity788 @entity1 were enrolled from 16 hospitals in South Korea between 2007 and 2011. @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive GemCap (oral @entity416 1660mg/m plus @entity14113 1000mg/m by 30-minute intravenous infusion weekly for 3 weeks followed by a 1-week break every 4 weeks) or @entity14113 (by 30-minute intravenous infusion weekly for 3 weeks every 4 weeks). RESULTS: Median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) time, the primary end point, was 10.3 and 7.5 months in the GemCap and @entity14113 arms, respectively (P=0.06). Progression-free survival was 6.2 and 5.3 months in the GemCap and @entity14113 arms, respectively (P=0.08). GemCap significantly improved overall response rate compared with @entity14113 alone (43.7% vs 17.6%; P=0.001). Overall frequency of grade 3 or 4 @entity137 was similar in each group. @entity1398 was the most frequent grade 3 or 4 @entity137 in both groups. CONCLUSION: GemCap failed to improve @entity1349 at a statistically significant level compared to @entity14113 treatment. This study showed a trend toward improved @entity1349 compared to @entity14113 alone. GemCap and @entity14113 both exhibited similar safety profiles.

title: A randomized, multicenter, phase III study of @entity136 combined with XXXX versus @entity136 alone as first-line chemotherapy for advanced @entity788 in South Korea.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity416 :: (MESH:C110904,Chemical) :: ['capecitabine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) is an oral alkylating agent that has been used over the past 8  years to treat aggressive @entity977 resistant to conventional therapy. To date, only 25 @entity1 treated with @entity2904 for ACTH producing @entity977 (14 @entity652 and 11 @entity189 ) have been reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We present  a retrospective review of the medical records of three @entity1 with aggressive ACTH producing @entity652 treated with @entity2904 . In the three cases there was evidence of progression to conventional therapy before starting @entity2904 . We used the conventional scheme for the treatment of @entity11 until completing 7, 12 and 6 cycles respectively. Reduction in @entity5 size was evident after the 3rd, 5th and 4th cycle of @entity2904 and progression free survival was 25, 19 and more than 12  months in the three @entity1 respectively. Improvement of the ocular and visual symptoms was evident after the 4th cycle of treatment in all cases. Normalization of urinary free @entity701 levels was achieved after the 3rd and 9th cycle in the two cases with @entity699 . Two of the three @entity1 received a second course of treatment when the disease progressed but it did not stop @entity5 progression. The principal side effects were G3 @entity1398 , G1 and G2 @entity882 , @entity2905 , @entity1395 and @entity390 . CONCLUSION: The treatment with @entity2904 is effective and safe in @entity1 with aggressive @entity5 resistant to conventional therapy. Nevertheless once the disease progresses, a second course of treatment does not seem to be effective.

title: XXXX for aggressive ACTH @entity977 : failure of a second course of treatment.

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'corticotrophin tumors']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['G1 lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ['hypercortisolism']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumors']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['Temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity2903 :: (MESH:C047246,Chemical) :: ['Temozolomide']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) is the most common @entity5 in adult kidneys. One of the most important unmet medical needs in @entity1358 is a prognostic biomarker to enable identification of @entity1 at high risk of relapse after nephrectomy. New biomarkers can help improve diagnosis and hence the management of @entity1 with @entity703 . Thus, this systematic review aims to clarify the prognostic and diagnostic accuracy of @entity10017 in @entity1 with @entity1358 . METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will include observational studies evaluating the diagnostic and prognostic roles of @entity10017 in @entity1 with @entity703 . The index test and reference standards should ideally be performed on all @entity1 . We will search PubMed, SCOPUS and ISI Web of Science with no restriction of language. The outcome will be survival measures in adult @entity1 with @entity1358 . Study selection and data extraction will be performed by two independent reviewers. QUADAS-1 will be used to assess study quality. Publication bias and data synthesis will be assessed by funnel plots and Begg's and Egger's tests using Stata software V.11.1. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: No ethical issues are predicted. These findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at national and international conferences. @entity2205 REGISTRATION NUMBER: This systematic review protocol is registered in the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, registration number CRD42015025001.

title: Diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of XXXX in @entity1358 : a systematic review protocol.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancer']

answer: @entity10017 :: (406991,Gene) :: ['miR-21']


abstract: @entity742 were fed diets containing 7.5% added @entity3106 , @entity3952 , or @entity21802 for 21 days. In addition, 50 microCi/kg cerium-141 was included for the last 10 days on experimental diets as an unabsorbed reference substance. In the rumen dietary @entity1674 were approximately 50% hydrolyzed, and hydrogenation resulted in saturation of the free @entity844 fraction. Some net synthesis of phospholipids, presumably microbial phospholipids, occurred in the rumen. In the intestine immediately distal to the pylorus, extensive secretion of @entity3645 , @entity165 , phospholipids, @entity1674 , free @entity1718 , and lipase occurred. This resulted in doubling of @entity844 fluxes through the duodenum. These endogenous secretions were reabsorbed rapidly however, with the major site of lipid and @entity6741 absorption in the region .6 to 4 m distal to the pylorus. Additional but less absorption occurred in the more distal segments of the small intestine. Overall absorption of @entity3106 , @entity3952 , and @entity21802 supplements was in the range 60 to 70%, and no differences were apparent between fats. @entity1474 were over 90% absorbed as compared with 55 to 65% for @entity1718 . No significant effect of any of the supplements was observed on ruminal total volatile @entity1718 , ratios of volatile @entity1718 , or on overall cellulose or caloric digestion.

title: Digestion and absorption of lipids and XXXX in @entity742 fed @entity3106 , @entity3952 , or @entity21802 .

entities_list: @entity21802 :: ('MESH:C022618', 'Chemical') :: ['tristearin']

entities_list: @entity3106 :: ('MESH:C031183', 'Chemical') :: ['stearic acid']

entities_list: @entity3952 :: ('MESH:D019301', 'Chemical') :: ['oleic acid']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['Unsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids', 'saturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3645 :: (MESH:D001647,Chemical) :: ['bile acids']


abstract: We evaluated the @entity3787 radical (* @entity2145 ) scavenging action of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), @entity11141 (SA), @entity3522 and @entity12698 in Fenton's reaction and their neuroprotective effects in @entity9013 ( @entity9016 )-induced striatal @entity935 (DA) depletion in @entity35 . @entity2697 hydroxylation procedure employing HPLC-electrochemistry was used to assay formation of * @entity2145 in Fenton's reaction in test tubes. While SA dose- and time-dependently hydroxylated itself and inactivated * @entity2145 , @entity12698 (up to 10 mM) showed no effect on * @entity2145 formation and @entity3522 caused a reduction in * @entity2145 generation only at high doses (100 microM-10 mM). Administration of the non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, SA (50, 100 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly attenuated striatal DA depletion caused by intrastriatal infusion of @entity9016 (100 nmol in 4 microl). Treatment with another nonselective, reversible COX inhibitor, @entity3522 (5, 10 mg/kg) did not protect against @entity9016 -induced DA depletion. The selective @entity4665 inhibitor, @entity12698 (2.5-50 mg/kg) treatment exacerbated @entity9016 -induced decrease in DA. Failure of @entity12698 or @entity3522 to render protection in animals against @entity9016 -induced DA depletion indicates absence of @entity3009 involvement in @entity9016 action. These results also suggest that the neuroprotective ability of SA is independent of @entity3009 mediation. A relationship between inactivation of * @entity2145 by SA and its ability to protect DA depletion in the striatum caused by @entity9016 indicates a direct involvement of * @entity2145 in the action of this neurotoxin. The present study establishes potent neuroprotective activity of SA and suggests the use of @entity117 in adjuvant therapy in @entity191 .

title: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug XXXX , but not @entity3522 or @entity12698 , protects against @entity9013 -induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity2697 :: ('CHEBI:30762', 'Chemical') :: ['Salicylate']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity11141 :: ('MESH:D012980', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium salicylate']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity9013 :: ('MESH:D015655', 'Chemical') :: ['1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium']

answer: @entity11141 :: (MESH:D012980,Chemical) :: ['sodium salicylate']


abstract: 1. Although @entity5310 is a feature of @entity309 and @entity571 , the extent and nature of mast cell activation in @entity2720 have not been clearly established. 2. We have investigated the levels of mast cell tryptase and @entity112 and also of eosinophil cationic protein in synovial fluid collected from 31 @entity1 with @entity309 , 14 with seronegative @entity1691 and nine with @entity571 . Two RIAs for tryptase were employed: one with monoclonal antibody AA5, which was found to bind equally well to both alpha and beta isoforms on Western blots of the recombinant enzyme, and the other with antibody G5, which recognizes predominantly beta-tryptase. 3. alpha-Tryptase, which is likely to be released constitutively from mast cells, appeared to be the major form in synovial fluid, as the assay with antibody AA5 detected appreciably more tryptase than that with antibody G5. beta-Tryptase, which is released on anaphylactic activation of mast cells, was detected in 14 out of 45 synovial fluid samples studied, with concentrations of up to 12 micrograms/l measured by the G5 assay. The apparent levels of beta-tryptase, but not of alpha-tryptase, were closely correlated with those of @entity112 in the synovial fluid. @entity1 with @entity571 appeared to have a greater proportion of beta-tryptase in the synovial fluid than those with @entity309 , as well as higher concentrations of @entity112 . Eosinophil cationic protein was present at high levels in the synovial fluid, although eosinophil numbers were low, and its concentrations were not correlated with the concentrations of the mast cell products. 4. These data suggest that anaphylactic degranulation of mast cells may have occurred to a greater extent in @entity571 than in @entity309 , despite the relative lack of @entity32 in @entity571 . Although the eosinophil cationic protein detected may not reflect eosinophilic inflammation in the joint, the presence in synovial fluid of tryptase of both major forms, and of @entity112 , appears to indicate that mast cell products are secreted constitutively, as well as by processes of anaphylactic degranulation in @entity309 , seronegative @entity1691 and @entity571 .

title: Mast cell activation in arthritis: detection of alpha- and beta-tryptase, XXXX and eosinophil cationic protein in synovial fluid.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['synovial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity5310 :: ('MESH:D008415', 'Disease') :: ['mast cell hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['spondyloarthritis']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['joint disease']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity112 :: (MESH:D006632,Chemical) :: ['histamine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Explosive blast-related @entity130 are one of the hallmark @entity130 of veterans returning from recent wars, but the effects of a blast overpressure on the brain are poorly understood. In this study, we used in vivo diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to investigate tissue microstructure and metabolic changes in a novel, direct cranial blast @entity131 (dc-bTBI) @entity35 model. Imaging was performed on @entity35 before injury and 1, 7, 14 and 28 days after blast exposure (~517 kPa peak overpressure to the dorsum of the head). No @entity75 were visible on conventional T2-weighted MRI, but microstructural and metabolic changes were observed with DKI and proton MRS, respectively. Increased mean kurtosis, which peaked at 21 days post injury, was observed in the hippocampus and the internal capsule. Concomitant increases in @entity8580 ( @entity41153 ) and @entity2226 ( @entity5624 ) were also observed in the hippocampus, while early changes at 1 day in the @entity3264 ( @entity7647 ) were observed in the internal capsule, all indicating @entity66 in these regions. Neurofunctional testing on a separate but similarly treated group of @entity35 showed early disturbances in vestibulomotor functions (days 1-14), which were associated with imaging changes in the internal capsule. Delayed @entity2414 and in rapid learning, as assessed by Morris Water Maze paradigms (days 14-19), were associated with delayed changes in the hippocampus. Significant microglial activation and @entity179 were observed at 28 days in the hippocampus. Overall, our findings indicate delayed neurofunctional and pathological abnormalities following dc-bTBI that are silent on conventional T2-weighted imaging, but are detectable using DKI and proton MRS.

title: Changes in Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in a Direct Cranial Blast XXXX (dc-bTBI) Model.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity8580 :: ('MESH:D007294', 'Chemical') :: ['myo-Inositol']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['glial abnormality']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain parenchyma abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['impairments in spatial memory']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Traumatic Brain Injury']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In @entity1 with non-metastatic @entity150 ( @entity150 ) fit for curative therapy, a multidisciplinary approach consisting is recommended. This approach includes local treatment (usually radical cystectomy), ideally combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Despite a survival benefit with NACT, uptake remains low. We assessed NACT consultation in Alberta and examined associative factors, as well as the relationship to survival. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity150 were identified through the Alberta Cancer Registry. Demographic and clinicopathologic information was collected from electronic medical records between 2007 and 2011. In addition to descriptive statistics, logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with receiving NACT consultation. Overall survival was described using a Kaplan-Meier estimate. RESULTS: Of the 315 radical cystectomy @entity1 , 140 (45.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 39.5, 50.8) received NACT consultation. @entity1 >= 80 years (odds ratio [OR] 0.21, 95% CI 0.08, 0.57, p = 0.002) and those treated in Calgary (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.05, 0.25, p < 0.001) were less likely to receive NACT consultation. The rate of NACT consultation increased steadily from 2007 to 2011 (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.04, 1.45 per year of diagnosis, p = 0.018). After a median follow-up of 28.1 months (range: 14.6-50.3), median survival was 54.7 months for @entity1 who received NACT consultation versus 31.2 months for those who did not (p = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS: NACT consultation in @entity1 with @entity150 undergoing radical cystectomy has improved over time; however, regional differences underscore the need for a standardized approach to NACT consultation, including common referral mechanisms.

title: Predictors of referral for neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to radical cystectomy for XXXX and changes in practice over time.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['MIBC', 'muscle-invasive bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['muscle-invasive bladder cancer']


abstract: Light microscopic changes were studied in the dorsal funiculi of spinal cords from @entity35 irradiated (4000 R) at 3 days of age and killed from 9-60 days postirradiation (P-I). The irradiated site was limited to a 5-mm length of mid-thoracic spinal cord (T only) in one group of @entity35 , to a 5-mm length of lumbosacral spinal cord (L only) in a second group, and to 5-mm lengths of both mid-thoracic and lumbosacral spinal cord (T/L) in the third group. Changes in the lumbosacral regions were essentially the same in both L only and T/L irradiated groups. These changes included a decreased neuroglial population and a concurrent state of @entity17 from 9-30 days P-I. In contrast, in the mid-thoracic regions of T only and T/L irradiated groups the decrease in the neuroglial population was obvious only through 13 days P-I, and by 30 days this population resembled that of the controls. The irradiated mid-thoracic areas were hypomyelinated, with the fasciculus gracilis showing a greater degree of @entity17 than the fasciculus cuneatus. By 25 days P-I, myelination appeared to be normal in these areas. Scattered @entity548 were noted in both lumbosacral and mid-thoracic regions, but @entity39 areas occurred only at the lumbosacral level. In general, the mid-thoracic area appeared to be less sensitive to x-radiation at 3 days of age than the lumbosacral area. These data suggest that there may be marked differences in the developmental states of cells at these two levels at 3 days of age.

title: A comparison of histopathologic changes following X-irradiation of mid-thoracic and lumbosacral levels of neonatal XXXX spinal cord.

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['hypomyelination']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study evaluated the prognostic impact of a novel, simple, and standardized assay for monitoring @entity41 ( @entity41 ) in @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The expression of seven @entity1778 -associated genes ( @entity8587 , @entity25272 , @entity16364 , @entity11645 , @entity36705 , @entity68584 , and @entity28940 ) was measured by TaqMan Low Density Arrays in 112 @entity1 and 52 healthy controls. @entity1 were treated according to the multicenter study @entity3052 -BFM 2004. Samples were collected prospectively at standard time points. The laboratory that measured @entity41 was blinded to @entity1 outcome. RESULTS: Relapse-free survival (RFS) was 95% (N = 19; SE = 5%) if expression of all genes was down to normal on day 15, 63% (N = 41; SE = 8%) if expression was normalized on day 28, and 38% (N = 21; SE = 11%) in @entity1 who still showed elevated expression on day 28. The prognostic impact of @entity41 remained significant (P = 0.002) when @entity1 were stratified for the @entity3052 -BFM 2004 risk group. Multivariate analysis identified the @entity41 risk group and day 28 cytology as the only independent prognostic factors. @entity1 with a cytologic nonremission on day 28, which was confirmed by @entity41 , had a dismal prognosis. Only 1 out of 8 @entity1 survived without relapse. CONCLUSIONS: This novel method of monitoring @entity41 has a strong prognostic impact that is independent from established risk factors in @entity3052 . Clin Cancer Res; 21(6); 1353-9.   2014 AACR.

title: Prospective Validation of a New Method of Monitoring Minimal Residual Disease in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['MRD', 'minimal residual disease']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric acute myelogenous leukemia', 'childhood AML', 'AML']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['Childhood Acute Myelogenous Leukemia']


abstract: @entity35 were exposed to @entity3759 by inhalation exposure to concentrations of 0, 10, 50, and 250 mg/m3 for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 2 years. There were no abnormal clinical signs, body weight changes, or excess mortality in any exposed group. Exposed groups showed slight increases in the incidence of @entity55 , @entity6062 , and @entity2490 with @entity1544 in the anterior nasal cavity. The pulmonary response at 10 mg/m3 satisfied the biological criteria for a "nuisance dust." The lung reaction was characterized by dust-laden macrophage (dust cell) infiltration in the alveolar ducts and adjoining alveoli with @entity1373 of @entity1605 . @entity35 at 50 and 250 mg/m3 exposure concentrations revealed a dose-dependent dust cell accumulation, a foamy macrophage response, @entity1373 , @entity5970 , alveolar bronchiolarization, @entity165 @entity738 , focal @entity5641 , and dust deposition in the tracheobronchial lymph nodes. Minute collagenized @entity82 occurred in the alveolar walls enclosing large dust cell aggregates. The @entity358 with massive dust accumulation appeared to be the result of an overwhelmed lung clearance mechanism at 250 mg/m3 exposure. @entity652 and @entity957 occurred at 250 mg/m3 exposure, while no compound-related @entity2 were found in @entity35 exposed to either 10 or 50 mg/m3. In addition to excessive dust loading in the lungs of @entity35 exposed chronically at 250 mg/m3, the @entity2 were different from common @entity1 @entity2 in terms of @entity5 type, anatomic location, tumorigenesis, and were devoid of @entity5 @entity3 . Therefore, the biological relevance of these @entity2 and other @entity358 for @entity1 is negligible.

title: Pulmonary response of @entity35 exposed to titanium dioxide ( XXXX ) by inhalation for two years.

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['Type II pneumocytes']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6062 :: ('MESH:D014136', 'Disease') :: ['tracheitis']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia', 'Type II pneumocyte hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['cystic keratinizing squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers', 'lung tumors']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lesions']

entities_list: @entity5970 :: ('MESH:D011649', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar proteinosis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['Bronchioloalveolar adenomas']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3759 :: (CHEBI:32234,Chemical) :: ['TiO2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vaccination coverage for @entity683 in the elderly remains low when the physician is the only @entity1 responsible for immunization. Integration of other health care workers may improve the coverage rate of at-risk groups. OBJECTIVES: To estimate vaccination coverage rate by using a strategy based on the systematic intervention of a health care professional proposing vaccination before the doctor's consultation, to evaluate the changes in coverage rates before and after introduction of this strategy, and to assess the feasibility of this intervention and the achieved coverage rate in family physician offices. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study in a medical outpatient clinic and 5 family physician practices in Switzerland. POPULATION: @entity1 consisted of all @entity1 65 years or older attending a medical outpatient clinic during the vaccination period in 1999 (n = 401), @entity1 65 years or older regularly followed at a medical outpatient clinic in 1998 and 1999 (n = 195), and @entity1 65 years or older presenting to 5 family physician offices in 1999 (n = 598). OUTCOME MEASURED: Rates of vaccination coverage. RESULTS: Among all @entity1 , vaccination coverage rates in 1999 were 85% at the medical outpatient clinic and 83% in family physician offices. Among @entity1 regularly followed at the medical outpatient clinic, vaccination coverage increased from 48% in 1998 to 76% in 1999. Rates of refusal were 9% at the medical outpatient clinic and 14% in the family physician offices. CONCLUSIONS: The systematic intervention of a health care professional to suggest vaccination before the doctor's visit is an effective measure to achieve high coverage rate. Such a strategy also improves outpatient clinic or private practice efficiency by reducing pressures on physicians.

title: Improving XXXX vaccination rates in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants', 'person']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psychosocial factors have been implicated in the onset and exacerbation of @entity1569 . OBJECTIVE: We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study to investigate the effect of an antidepressant agent, @entity13079 , on the course of @entity1569 . METHODS: Sixty subjects were enrolled in the study. @entity1 were randomly assigned to treatment groups. @entity1 received @entity13079 450 mg/day or placebo and a topical corticosteroid ointment ( @entity35564 ) for 6 weeks. @entity1 were examined at the beginning of the study and at 2-week intervals. At each visit, the severity of @entity1569 and psychologic status were evaluated with the Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI), Beck @entity308 Inventory (BDI), Hamilton Rating Scale for @entity148 (HAM-A), Hamilton Rating Scale for @entity308 (HRS-D-17) and State-Trait @entity148 Inventory including state (STAI-1) and trait @entity148 (STAI-2). RESULTS: Treatment efficacy was able to be evaluated in 22 @entity1 in the @entity13079 -treated group and in 20 in the placebo-treated group. The improvement rates in PASI, BDI, STAI-1, and HAM-A scores were significantly higher in the @entity13079 treatment group. The level of state @entity148 was diminished in the @entity13079 group. Correlation was positive between improvement rates of the @entity75 and state @entity148 in all @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that an antidepressant drug is useful in the treatment of @entity1569 .

title: Is the efficacy of topical corticosteroid therapy for XXXX enhanced by concurrent @entity13079 therapy? A double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis', 'psoriasis vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity13079 :: ('MESH:D020912', 'Chemical') :: ['moclobemide']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity35564 :: ('MESH:C013486', 'Chemical') :: ['diflucortolone valerate']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis vulgaris']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: The optimal management of moderate (grade 2-3+) @entity339 ( @entity339 ) at the time of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains the subject of controversy. The study aim was to determine whether mitral repair associated with CABG is preferable to CABG alone in @entity1 with moderate @entity63 @entity339 , in terms of intermediate outcome. METHODS: Among 60 @entity1 with moderate @entity63 @entity339 , 30 who underwent CABG plus mitral repair were compared with 30 others who underwent CABG alone. All @entity1 underwent follow up echocardiographic and clinical examinations between 12 and 36 months after surgery. The decision to repair the valve during surgery was totally at the surgeons' discretion. RESULTS: Preoperatively, both groups were substantially homogeneous. @entity1 who had CABG plus mitral repair had a lower NYHA functional class at intermediate follow up, and fewer signs and symptoms of @entity712 . On multivariate analysis, mitral repair proved to be a protective factor for the development of @entity712 . The preoperative size of the mitral annulus was seen to be a risk factor for subsequent @entity712 events. At intermediate follow up, echocardiographic parameters were significantly better in the mitral repair group (left ventricular volume smaller, ejection fraction and pulmonary artery pressure improved). CONCLUSION: The results of this case-control study showed that, in a homogeneous series of @entity1 with moderate @entity63 @entity339 , repair of the mitral valve at the time of CABG leads to a better clinical status due to an improved hemodynamic profile.

title: Moderate XXXX and coronary artery bypass surgery: effect of mitral repair on clinical outcome.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['MR', 'ischemic mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['ischemic mitral regurgitation']


abstract: PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: Although family involvement is frequently identified as a key element of successful rehabilitation, questions remain about 'how' clinicians can best involve them. This study explored how clinicians talk about the involvement of families in goal-planning during rehabilitation of adults with acquired @entity1545 . RESEARCH DESIGN: Qualitative study drawing on grounded theory to elicit practitioner perspectives. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Nine clinicians from a range of professional backgrounds were interviewed. Interview data were transcribed and analysed using the constant comparative method of grounded theory. NVivo software was used to assist with data management. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: While family were often considered valuable contributors to the @entity1650 , they were also seen as potential barriers to the negotiation of goals between clinicians and @entity1 and to @entity1 -clinician relationships. Clinicians described restricting involvement of family members in situations where such involvement was thought not to be in the best interests of the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Goal-planning appeared @entity1 -centred rather than family-centred. Further, clinicians identified concerns about extending family involvement in goal-planning. If clinicians intend to address the needs of family members as well as @entity1 , current approaches to goal-planning (and rehabilitation funding) may need to be reconsidered.

title: Goal planning for adults with acquired XXXX : how clinicians talk about involving family.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1650 :: ('MESH:D001308', 'Disease') :: ['goal-planning process']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['brain injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite advances in therapeutic strategies and improved guidelines, morbidity and mortality rates for out-of-hospital @entity1167 (OHCA) remain high. Especially, neurological prognosis is one of the most important problems even though brain protection therapy for @entity1 with OHCA has improved greatly in recent years due to the development of emergency post- @entity1167 interventions such as mild @entity2332 , early percutaneous coronary intervention, and extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Recently, cerebral regional @entity26 saturation (rSO2) has received attention as a method for evaluation of cerebral oxygenation. We have reported that conventional chest compression did not improve the rSO2 of @entity1167 @entity1 if they did not achieve return of spontaneous circulation. It is, however, unclear whether a mechanical CPR device is helpful in improving rSO2. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of load-distributing-band CPR (LDB-CPR) on rSO2. METHODS: In this prospective study, LDB-CPR was begun for OHCA with the AutoPulse(TM) device on @entity1 arrival at hospital. During mechanical CPR, rSO2 values were recorded continuously from the forehead of the @entity1 . CPR for @entity1 with OHCA was performed according to the Japan Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2010 except for using the AutoPulse(TM) instead of manual chest compression. RESULTS: From December 2012 to December 2013, 34 @entity1 (mean age, 75.6        12.8  years) with OHCA were included in this study. Duration of time from recognition of @entity299 to arrival to hospital was 31.0        11.4  min. Compared with the rSO2 value of 38.9        0.7  % prior to starting LDB-CPR, rSO2 values at 4, 8 and 12  minutes increased significantly after initiation of LDB-CPR (44.0        0.9  %, 45.2        0.8  %, and 45.5        0.8  %, respectively, p   <   0.05). CONCLUSION: LDB-CPR significantly increased the rSO2 of @entity1167 @entity1 during resuscitation.

title: Load-distributing-band cardiopulmonary resuscitation for out-of-hospital XXXX increases regional cerebral oxygenation: a single-center prospective pilot study.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac collapse']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['therapeutic hypothermia']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study quality of life (QoL) in responders and nonresponders after radiation therapy for painful bone @entity3 ; and to identify factors predictive for a @entity158 response. @entity1 AND METHODS: The prospectively collected data of 956 @entity1 with @entity0 within the Dutch Bone @entity3 Study were used. These @entity1 , irradiated for painful bone @entity3 , rated @entity158 , QoL, and overall health at baseline and weekly afterward for 12 weeks. Using generalized estimating equations analysis, the course of QoL was studied, adjusted for @entity5 . To identify predictive variables, proportional hazard analyses were performed, taking into account death as a competing risk, and C-statistics were calculated for discriminative value. RESULTS: In total, 722 @entity1 (76%) responded to radiation therapy. During follow-up, responders had a better QoL in all domains compared with nonresponders. @entity1 with @entity0 had a better QoL than @entity1 with @entity2 . In multivariate analysis, baseline predictors for a @entity158 response were @entity0 as @entity5 , younger age, good performance status, absence of visceral @entity3 , and using opioids. The discriminative ability of the model was low (C-statistic: 0.56). CONCLUSIONS: Responding @entity1 show a better QoL after radiation therapy for painful bone @entity3 than nonresponders. Our model did not have enough discriminative power to predict which @entity1 are likely to respond to radiation therapy. Therefore, radiation therapy should be offered to all @entity1 with painful bone @entity3 , aiming to decrease @entity158 and improve QoL.

title: Quality of Life in Relation to @entity158 Response to Radiation Therapy for Painful Bone XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast or prostate cancer', 'breast, prostate, and lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Metastases']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Studies of @entity683 -specific immune responses in @entity1 have largely assessed systemic responses involving serum Ab and peripheral blood T cell responses. However, recent evidence indicates that tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells play an important role in local @entity19 intrapulmonary immunity. @entity2608 were pulmonary exposed to 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus at days 0 and 28 and immune responses in different tissue compartments were measured. All animals were asymptomatic postinfection. Although only minimal memory immune responses were detected in peripheral blood, a high frequency of @entity683 nucleoprotein-specific memory T cells was detected in the lung at the "contraction phase," 49-58 d after second virus inoculation. A substantial proportion of lung nucleoprotein-specific memory CD8(+) T cells expressed CD103 and @entity64328 , phenotypic markers of TRM cells. Lung CD103(+) and CD103(-) memory CD8(+) T cells expressed similar levels of IFN-y and @entity36224 . Unlike memory T cells, spontaneous Ab secreting cells and memory B cells specific to @entity683 hemagglutinin were primarily observed in the mediastinal lymph nodes. Little difference in systemic and local immune responses against @entity683 was observed between young adult (6-8 y) and old animals (18-28 y). Using a nonhuman primate model, we revealed substantial induction of local T and B cell responses following 2009 pandemic @entity281 . Our study identified a subset of @entity683 -specific lung memory T cells characterized as TRM cells in @entity2608 . The @entity2608 model may be useful to explore the role of TRM cells in local tissue protective immunity after rechallenge and vaccination.

title: Tissue Distribution of Memory T and B Cells in @entity2608 following Influenza XXXX .

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['H1N1 infection']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys', 'Rhesus monkeys', 'rhesus monkey']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['A Infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We sought to identify variables associated with @entity1779 in @entity1 with acute @entity385 who receive @entity3479 ). METHODS: We performed subgroup analyses of data from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of intravenous @entity3479 administered to @entity64 @entity1 within 3 hours of onset. Using multivariable regression modeling procedures, we assessed the relationship of baseline and after-treatment variables with symptomatic and asymptomatic @entity1779 during the first 36 hours after treatment. RESULTS: Overall, @entity3479 -treated @entity1 had an increase in the absolute risk of symptomatic @entity1779 of 6% and a decrease in the absolute risk of 3-month mortality of 4% compared with placebo-treated @entity1 . The only variables independently associated with an increased risk of symptomatic @entity1779 in the final multivariable logistic regression model for the 312 @entity3479 -treated @entity1 were the severity of @entity51 as measured by the National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale score (five categories; odds ratio [OR], 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 2.9) and @entity2657 (defined as acute @entity6152 ) or mass effect by CT before treatment (OR, 7.8; 95% CI, 2.2 to 27.1). This final model correctly predicted those @entity3479 -treated @entity1 who would or would not have a symptomatic @entity548 with only 57% efficiency. In the subgroup of @entity1 with a severe @entity51 , @entity3479 -treated @entity1 were more likely than placebo-treated @entity1 to have a favorable 3-month outcome (adjusted OR based on multiple outcomes, 4.3; 95% CI, 1.6 to 11.9). These results were similar for the subgroup with @entity4 or mass effect by CT (adjusted OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 0.6 to 20.7). The likelihood of severe disability or death was similar for @entity3479 - and placebo-treated @entity1 with these two baseline characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Despite a higher rate of @entity1779 , @entity1 with severe @entity64 or @entity4 or mass effect on the baseline-CT are reasonable candidates for @entity3479 , if it is administered within 3 hours of onset.

title: @entity1779 after intravenous @entity3479 therapy for XXXX . The NINDS @entity3479 @entity64 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity6152 :: ('MESH:C565408', 'Disease') :: ['hypodensity']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity3479 :: ('5327', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA', 't-PA']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']