abstract: UNASSIGNED: Acute exercise increases @entity413 uptake in skeletal muscle by an insulin-independent mechanism. In the period after exercise insulin sensitivity to increase @entity413 uptake is enhanced. The molecular mechanisms underpinning this phenomenon are poorly understood, but appear to involve an increased cell surface abundance of @entity3240 . While increased proximal insulin signaling does not seem to mediate this effect, elevated phosphorylation of @entity54807 , a downstream target of both insulin ( @entity1994 ) and exercise (AMPK) signaling, appears to play a role. The main purpose of this study was to determine whether AMPK activation increases skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity. We found that prior AICAR stimulation of wild-type @entity19 muscle @entity1720 to stimulate @entity413 uptake. However, this was not observed in @entity19 with reduced or ablated AMPK activity in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, prior AICAR stimulation enhanced insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of @entity54807 at Thr(649) and Ser(711) in wild-type muscle only. These phosphorylation events were positively correlated with @entity413 uptake. Our results provide evidence to support that AMPK is sufficient to increase skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity. Moreover, @entity54807 phosphorylation may facilitate the effect of prior AMPK activation to enhance @entity413 uptake in response to insulin.

title: Prior AICAR stimulation XXXX in @entity19 skeletal muscle in an AMPK-dependent manner.

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['increases insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1720 :: (MESH:D007333,Disease) :: ['increases insulin sensitivity']


abstract: PURPOSE: The 9p21 locus, encoding three important @entity5 suppressors ( @entity986 / @entity986 , @entity986 /ARF, and @entity9288 / @entity9288 ), is a major target of inactivation in the pathogenesis of many @entity1 @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: To explore, at high resolution, the frequency and size of alterations affecting this locus in adult BCR-ABL1-positive @entity981 ( @entity981 ) and to investigate their prognostic value, 112 @entity1 (101 de novo and 11 relapsed cases) were analyzed by genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays and gene candidate deep exon sequencing. Paired diagnosis-relapse samples were further available and analyzed for 19 (19%) cases. RESULTS: @entity986 and @entity9288 genomic alterations were identified in 29% and 25% of newly diagnosed @entity1 , respectively. Deletions were monoallelic in 72% of cases, and in 43% of them, the minimal overlapping region of the lost area spanned only the @entity4640 gene locus. An analysis conducted at relapse showed an increase in the detection rate of @entity986 /ARF loss (47%) compared with the time of diagnosis (P = 0.06). Point mutations within the 9p21 locus were found at very low levels, with only a nonsynonymous substitution in the exon 2 of @entity986 . Of note, deletions of @entity4640 were significantly associated with poor outcomes in terms of overall survival (P = 0.0206), disease free-survival (P = 0.0010), and cumulative incidence of relapse (P = 0.0014). CONCLUSIONS: Inactivation of the 9p21 locus by genomic deletion is a frequent event in BCR-ABL1-positive @entity981 . Deletions are frequently acquired during @entity1778 progression and are a poor prognostic marker of long-term outcomes.

title: @entity4640 alterations impair prognosis in adult BCR-ABL1-positive XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: The concept of a @entity13299 (such as @entity912 ) has always been controversial ( @entity7277 , M.A. (1996). Somatization and conversion disorders. In: B.S. Fogel, R.B. Schiffer _ S.M. Rao (Eds.), @entity3297 and Wilkins, Baltimore, @entity601 ). Although the diagnosis is recognised by current @entity146 taxonomies, many physicians still regard such disorders either as feigned or as failure to find the responsible organic cause for the @entity1 's symptoms. We report a @entity1 with left sided @entity912 (and without @entity393 ) in whom no @entity347 or structural lesion could be found. By contrast, psychological @entity130 was associated with the onset and recurrent exacerbation of her hemiparalysis. We recorded brain activity when the @entity1 prepared to move and tried to move her paralysed (left) leg and when she prepared to move and did move her good (right) leg. Preparing to move or moving her good leg, and also preparing to move her paralysed leg, activated motor and/or premotor areas previously described with movement preparation and execution. The attempt to move the paralysed leg failed to activate right primary motor cortex. Instead, the right orbito-frontal and right anterior cingulate cortex were significantly activated. We suggest that these two areas inhibit prefrontal (willed) effects on the right primary motor cortex when the @entity1 tries to move her left leg.

title: The functional anatomy of a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity3297 :: ('MESH:D018980', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropsychiatry. Williams']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['somatosensory loss']

entities_list: @entity13299 :: ('MESH:D003291', 'Disease') :: ['conversion disorder']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['hysterical paralysis', 'paralysis']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['organic disease']

answer: @entity912 :: (MESH:D010243,Disease) :: ['hysterical paralysis']


abstract: Infections, @entity5 and @entity792 are the most important causes of @entity221 of unknown origin.A case report of a 80-year old @entity1 is described, who was admitted to our hospital because of @entity221 lasting more than 2 weeks, @entity353 and lack of appetite. Physical examination did not provide any relevant information, laboratory tests revealed an elevation of @entity32 markers and @entity417 . Serological tests for infectious and @entity792 and cultures of stool, blood and urine were all negative. Imaging did not show any pathological findings, colonoscopy and gastroscopy were macroscopically normal. Surprisingly, histology showed massive @entity7014 of the duodenum. After initiation of therapy with @entity16909 , @entity221 and @entity32 markers declined and the @entity1 could be discharged from hospital without complaints on the 15(th) day after admission. @entity461 is one of the most common intestinal pathogens worldwide. Infection can cause acute @entity294 , but may also be responsible for chronic abdominal complaints or may stay asymptomatic. To our knowledge, @entity7014 has not been described as differential diagnosis of @entity221 of unknown origin so far. In synopsis of clinical presentation and outcome after antibiotic therapy, we postulate that @entity461 was the relevant cause of @entity221 and @entity353 in this case. In @entity1 presenting with these symptoms, @entity461 should be considered as differential diagnosis.

title: [Fever and @entity353 as leading symptoms of infection with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Species') :: ['Giardia lamblia']

entities_list: @entity7014 :: ('MESH:D005873', 'Disease') :: ['giardiasis']

entities_list: @entity16909 :: ('CHEBI:6909', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazol']

answer: @entity461 :: (5741,Species) :: ['giardia lamblia']


abstract: PURPOSE: Bone and soft-tissue defects in the leg can be caused by high-energy @entity130 . One of the causes of extensive @entity79 are @entity130 . The incidence of these has been noticeably increasing in recent years in countries with political instabilities due to the random availability of weapons. The aim of this study is to focus on the essentials of treatment of post-gunshot tibial bone loss using the Ilizarov concept. METHODS: In the period between June 2011 and July 2013, 30 @entity1 with open @entity174 after gunshots comprised the present study with an average follow-up of 18  months. The bone defect was associated with soft-tissue loss in 18 cases. All cases were subjected to extensive debridement of all devitalized tissues back to the healthy bone with viable soft tissue coverage. All cases were treated by the Ilizarov external fixator using the bifocal bone transport technique. RESULTS: The overall bone results were satisfactory in 28 cases (93.3  %). The overall functional results were satisfactory in 22 cases (73.3  %). The bone end results were significantly affected by age and smoking, while the functional end results were significantly affected by smoking, the presence of infection at the time of presentation, and complications during the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Bone transport is a reliable method in the treatment of gunshot @entity79 of the tibia after extensive debridement of all the devitalized tissues. The Ilizarov external fixator allows the functional use of the limb throughout the course of treatment, preventing @entity2537 and increasing @entity1 satisfaction.

title: Our experience in the management of segmental XXXX caused by gunshots.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['tibial fractures']

entities_list: @entity2537 :: ('MESH:D020966', 'Disease') :: ['disuse osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defects']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['gunshot injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone defects']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of whey protein supplementation on @entity1255 ( @entity5784 ) metabolism and liver oxidative stress in @entity35 . Twenty-four @entity35 were divided into 3 groups (n = 8) to receive one of the following diets for 4 weeks: control diet (C), whey protein-composed diet (WP), and whey protein-supplemented diet (WPS). The C and WP diets consisted of AIN-93 with 20% casein and 20% whey protein as protein source, respectively. WPS was AIN-93 (20% casein) supplemented by the addition of 20% (w/w) whey protein. Four weeks of ingesting a WPS diet resulted in a significantly higher (P < 0.05) total protein and @entity1853 intakes. Although a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the hepatic @entity7726 and @entity13710 levels occurred in WPS group compared with C and WP, no significant change was observed in plasma @entity5784 concentration between groups. Furthermore, the levels of lipid @entity8415 and advanced oxidation protein products, known liver oxidative stress markers, were increased in the WPS group compared with the C group. In addition, no change in @entity2041 liver concentration was observed in any of the groups studied. In conclusion, whey protein supplementation increases @entity1853 intake substantially; however, it does not change plasma @entity5784 concentrations. On the other hand, increased hepatic oxidative stress markers were observed in whey protein supplemented @entity35 were probably due to high protein intake.

title: Whey protein supplementation increases @entity1853 intake but not @entity1255 plasma concentration in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8415 :: ('CHEBI:35924', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroperoxides']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity13710 :: ('MESH:D012435', 'Chemical') :: ['S-adenosylhomocysteine']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity7726 :: ('MESH:D012436', 'Chemical') :: ['S-adenosylmethionine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previously, sponsored publications have shown that either @entity8974 or @entity2059 (pulse regimen) are effective for @entity1 with @entity6313 . However, independent comparative studies are lacking. OBJECTIVES: To objectively compare treatment with @entity8974 and @entity2059 in @entity1 with @entity6313 . METHODS: The effectiveness of @entity8974 (250 mg/day 3 months) versus @entity2059 pulse regimen (400 mg/day for the first week of each month, for three cycles) was retrospectively evaluated in @entity1 with @entity6313 using mycological tests and subjective outcome measures. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) for continuous variables and Fisher exact tests for categorical variables. RESULTS: Included in the study were 117 @entity1 (74 @entity1 treated by @entity8974 and 43 @entity1 treated with @entity2059 ). @entity1 were examined at an average period of 20 months after the end of therapy. Mycological cure was observed in 70.6% and 62.8% of the @entity1 who were treated by @entity8974 or @entity2059 , respectively (not statistically significant). Mean visual analogue scale assessment of treatment outcome was 79.9 mm (SD 24.7 mm) and 65.2 mm (SD 34.6 mm) for @entity1 treated by @entity8974 or @entity2059 , respectively (p=0.008). When the results were stratified according to age and gender, it was observed that the advantage of @entity8974 versus @entity2059 retained statistical significance only for @entity1 who were 55 years old and above, or females. CONCLUSIONS: Mycological cure proportions were not statistically significant between @entity1 treated by @entity8974 or @entity2059 for @entity6313 . However, better subjective outcome measures indicated an advantage for @entity8974 over @entity2059 , noticeable in females and @entity1 55 years old and above.

title: An independent comparison of @entity8974 and @entity2059 in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8974 :: ('MESH:C041359', 'Chemical') :: ['terbinafine']

entities_list: @entity6313 :: ('MESH:D014009', 'Disease') :: ['toenail onychomycosis']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

answer: @entity6313 :: (MESH:D014009,Disease) :: ['toenail onychomycosis']


abstract: IMPORTANCE AND BACKGROUND:: @entity2103 ( @entity2103 ) palsy and perineural invasion (PNI) are adverse features in @entity189 of the parotid gland. @entity2103 sacrifice at the time of surgery is associated with significant morbidity. The role of adjuvant radiotherapy in @entity1 with high-risk features, including @entity2103 involvement, remains unclear. OBJECTIVE:: Analyze the disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and the impact of @entity5 characteristics, including @entity2103 involvement, for @entity1 treated with surgical resection for @entity189 . DESIGN:: This is a retrospective chart review. SETTING:: University of Utah and Intermountain Healthcare, Utah. @entity1 :: A total of 129 @entity1 who were treated with primary surgery for nonmetastatic primary malignancies of the parotid gland from 1988 to 2006. INTERVENTIONS:: Parotidectomy with or without adjuvant therapy. MAIN OUTCOME(S) AND MEASURES:: Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to obtain 5-year estimates of DFS and @entity1349 . Recurrence risk factors, particularly the impact of @entity2103 involvement, were analyzed. RESULTS:: Five-year DFS and @entity1349 rates were 79% and 78%, respectively. Thirty-two (28%) @entity1 developed recurrent disease. Disease recurrence occurred in 64% of @entity1 with both @entity2103 and PNI, in 43% with @entity2103 without PNI, in 27% with only PNI, and in 16% without either feature. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE:: @entity2103 involvement, particularly @entity2103 , is a predictor of increased risk of recurrence and @entity204 . Radiotherapy cannot substitute for @entity2103 sacrifice in high-risk @entity1 .

title: The Prognostic Significance of Facial Nerve Involvement in XXXX of the Parotid Gland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma of the parotid gland']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['FN palsy', 'Facial nerve', 'FN']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Carcinomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine trajectories of @entity308 in caregivers of critically ill adults from intensive care unit admission to 2 months postintensive care unit discharge and explore @entity1 and caregiver characteristics associated with differing trajectories. DESIGN: Longitudinal descriptive study. SETTING: Medical intensive care unit in a tertiary university hospital. SUBJECTS: Fifty caregivers and 47 @entity1 on mechanical ventilation for >= 4 days. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Caregivers completed measures assessing @entity308 (Short version Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale 10-items), burden (Brief Zarit Burden Interview), and health risk behaviors (caregiver health behaviors) during intensive care unit admission, at intensive care unit discharge, and 2 months postintensive care unit discharge. Group-based trajectory analysis was used to identify patterns of change in shortened Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale scores over time. Two trajectory groups emerged: 1) caregivers who had clinically significant @entity308 (21.0  4.1) during intensive care unit admission that remained high (13.6  5) at 2 months postintensive care unit discharge (high trajectory group, 56%); and 2) caregivers who reported scores that were lower (10.6  5.7) during intensive care unit admission and decreased further (5.7  3.6) at 2 months postintensive care unit discharge (low trajectory group, 44%). Caregivers in the high trajectory group tended to be younger, female, an adult @entity1 living with financial difficulty, and less likely to report a religious background or preference. More caregivers in the high trajectory group reported greater burden and more health risk behaviors at all time points; @entity1 tended to be male with poorer functional ability at intensive care unit discharge. Caregivers' responses during intensive care unit admission did not differ in regard to number of days @entity1 were on mechanical ventilation before enrollment. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest two patterns of depressive symptom response in caregivers of critically ill adults on mechanical ventilation from intensive care unit admission to 2 months postintensive care unit discharge. Future studies are necessary to confirm these findings and implications for providing caregiver support.

title: Patterns of XXXX in caregivers of mechanically ventilated critically ill adults from intensive care unit admission to 2 months postintensive care unit discharge: a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive symptoms']


abstract: Systemic corticosteroids (CS) are often used in treatment of @entity30 and are usually considered the main cause of @entity170 in @entity1 with @entity30 . The aim of this paper was to assess the influence of CS on development of @entity170 in @entity30 . In this study @entity79 ( @entity79 ) was analyzed in 43 @entity1 with @entity30 . Most of the examined @entity1 (72.1%) used CS for more than 3 months. @entity170 was diagnosed in 30.2% of @entity1 , and @entity2331 in 44.2% of @entity1 . There were no statistically significant difference in @entity79 among @entity1 who were on CS and the ones who were not. In the group of newly diagnosed @entity1 60% had reduced bone density, opposing 61.6% of @entity1 with previously diagnosed disease. There was no statistically significant difference among those two groups of @entity1 . Risk factor such as corticosteroid therapy is not independent risk factor for reduced @entity79 . Newly diagnosed @entity1 have high prevalence of reduced @entity79 and they were not on CS therapy, which suggest that possible inflammatory nature of the disease is a possible risk factor for reduced @entity79 in @entity30 .

title: [The influence of corticosteroid therapy on development of @entity170 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['BMD', 'bone mass density']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: Management of @entity1643 often includes oral opioid use. The effectiveness of therapy is dependent upon compliance, which in turn is dependent upon response, side effects, access, and convenience. Our hypothesis was that a transdermal @entity3575 system would provide more effective @entity158 management than oral opioids. Fifty @entity1 with @entity1643 were examined. After litration to levels corresponding to current oral opioid use, each @entity1 was maintained on transdermal @entity3575 for one month. Oral opioid therapy was then resumed. Their experience was assessed with the a visual analogue scale for @entity158 intensity, a numerical @entity158 score, the @entity717 questionnaire, the @entity158 disability index, and the Verran Snyder-Halpern sleep scale. Significant improvement in @entity158 was found with transdermal @entity3575 compared with oral opioids. Mild opioid side effects were common, but easily controlled. Use of transdermal @entity3575 is an effective alternative to oral opioids for managing @entity1643 .

title: Transdermal XXXX as treatment for @entity1643 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain relief and disability', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry disability']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity3575 :: (MESH:D005283,Chemical) :: ['fentanyl']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Appropriate @entity1 selection is very important when initiating mild @entity2332 (MTH) for @entity1 following out-of-hospital @entity1167 , and the extent of unconsciousness at implementation must be defined in such cases. However, there are no clear standards regarding the level of unconsciousness at which MTH would be beneficial. The effects of MTH in @entity1 with different degrees of unconsciousness according to the motor response score of the Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) were investigated. METHODS: The subjects consisted of witnessed non-traumatic adult out-of-hospital @entity1167 @entity1 admitted to our institute from April 2002 to August 2011. The @entity1 were divided into six groups according to the GCS motor response score: 1 (GCS M1), 2 (GCS M2), 3 (GCS M3), 4 (GCS M4), 5 (GCS M5), and 6 (GCS M6). The neurological outcome was evaluated at 30  days after hospital admission using the Cerebral Performance Category. @entity13997 ( @entity13997 ) analysis was performed to estimate the threshold GCS M level where @entity2332 is indicated. Odds ratios were then calculated by multiple logistic-regression analysis using factors including GCS M5-6 and MTH. RESULTS: A total of 289 @entity1 were enrolled in this study. @entity13997 analysis demonstrated two points of significant increase in percentage of good recovery at 30  days after admission, dividing the GCS M categories into three groups. @entity1 classified with a GCS motor response score of 5 or higher had the highest percentage of good recovery. The odds ratio for good recovery (CPC1-2) was 2.901 (95  % CI 1.460-5.763, P   =   0.002) for MTH, and that for GCS M5-6 was 159.835 (95  % CI 33.592-760.513, P   <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: MTH may be unnecessary in @entity1 with a GCS motor response score of 5 or higher. Consequently, because there are post @entity1167 @entity1 with a GCS motor response score of 4 or lower who benefit from MTH, MTH may be limited to @entity1 with a GCS motor response score of 4 or lower.

title: At what level of unconsciousness is mild XXXX indicated for out-of-hospital @entity1167 : a retrospective, historical cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity13997 :: ('MESH:C563663', 'Disease') :: ['CHAID', 'Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['therapeutic hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['therapeutic hypothermia']


abstract: @entity1141 in @entity355 has been recognized to be morphologically heterogenous, featuring adenomatous, foveolar, and hybrid phenotypes. Recent studies have suggested a @entity5 suppressor role for @entity6628 in the @entity189 sequence. The phenotypic stability and role of @entity6628 in the @entity5 progression of different types of @entity1141 have not been evaluated. Thirty-eight endoscopic mucosal resections with @entity1141 and/or @entity189 ( @entity189 ) arising in @entity355 were evaluated for the expression of @entity5089 , @entity21826 , @entity5091 , @entity2282 , and @entity6628 . The background mucosa was also evaluated. The results were correlated with morphologic classification and clinicopathologic parameters. Of 38 endoscopic mucosal resections, 23 had @entity189 and @entity1141 , 8 had @entity189 only, and 7 had @entity1141 only. Among @entity75 , 73% were foveolar, 17% were adenomatous, and 10% were hybrid. Twenty of 23 cases with @entity1141 and adjacent @entity189 showed an identical immunophenotype of @entity1141 and @entity189 comprising 16 gastric, 3 intestinal, and 1 mixed immunophenotype. Three cases showed discordance of @entity1141 and @entity189 immunophenotype. These findings suggest that most Barrett-related @entity189 cases are either gastric or intestinal, with phenotypic stability during progression supporting separate gastric and intestinal pathways of @entity105 . @entity6628 showed gradual downregulation of expression during progression in @entity1412 but not in foveolar or hybrid @entity1141 , supporting a @entity5 suppressor role, at least in the intestinal pathway. @entity6628 was also found to be expressed to a greater degree in @entity1944 compared with nonintestinalized columnar metaplasia. Consistent with @entity6628 as a @entity5 suppressor, this suggests that nonintestinalized columnar metaplasia may be an unstable intermediate state at risk for @entity5 progression.

title: Divergent expression of @entity5089 , @entity21826 , @entity5091 , @entity2282 , and @entity6628 in XXXX and intramucosal adenocarcinomas with intestinal and foveolar morphology: is this evidence of distinct gastric and intestinal pathways to @entity105 in @entity355 ?

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ['Barrett esophagus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplastic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['intramucosal carcinoma', 'IMC', 'metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia', 'Dysplasia', 'dysplasias']

answer: @entity1141 :: (MESH:C535662,Disease) :: ['dysplasia']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Retinal M  ller cells are known to produce inflammatory and angiogenic cytokines, which play important roles in @entity6 . @entity519 -inducible factor (HIF)-1 has been shown to play a crucial role in retinal @entity32 and neovascularisation. We sought to determine the role of M  ller cell-derived HIF-1 in @entity26 -induced @entity989 (OIR) and @entity6 using conditional @entity1965 (also known as @entity1965 ) knockout (KO) @entity19 . METHODS: Conditional @entity1965 KO @entity19 were generated by crossing @entity19 expressing cyclisation recombinase (cre, also known as P1_gp003) in M  ller cells with floxed @entity1965 @entity19 and used for OIR and @entity3839 -induced @entity6 to induce @entity2479 and @entity32 , respectively. Abundance of @entity1965 and pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory factors was measured by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. @entity2479 was visualised by angiography and quantified by counting pre-retinal nuclei. Retinal @entity32 was evaluated by @entity455 . RESULTS: While the @entity1965 KO @entity19 showed significantly decreased @entity1965 levels in the retina, they exhibited no apparent histological or @entity227 under normal conditions. Compared with wild-type counterparts, @entity1965 KO @entity19 with OIR demonstrated attenuated overproduction of @entity1611 ( @entity1611 ) and @entity8024 , reduced vascular leakage and alleviated neovascularisation in the retina. Under @entity6 conditions, disruption of @entity1965 in M  ller cells attenuated the increases of @entity989 and adherent leucocytes, as well as the overproduction of @entity1611 and @entity8024 . CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: M  ller cell-derived @entity1965 is a key mediator of @entity2479 , vascular leakage and @entity32 , the major pathological changes in @entity6 . M  ller cell-derived @entity1965 is therefore a promising therapeutic target for @entity6 .

title: Ischaemia-induced @entity2479 and @entity6 in @entity19 with conditional knockout of XXXX -inducible factor-1 in retinal M  ller cells.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual functional abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['leucostasis and vascular leakage']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal neovascularisation', 'Retinal neovascularisation']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity8024 :: ('15894(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'retinal vascular leakage']

entities_list: @entity1611 :: ('22339(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: Hypothalamic leptinoceptive neurones can be visualized by histochemical demonstration of @entity10672 -induced nuclear translocation of the signalling molecule @entity12001 . We investigated the relationship of the leptinoceptive neurones to the @entity1943 signalling system. With double-labelling immunohistochemistry, we studied the colocalization of @entity10672 -activated transcription factor, @entity12001 , with @entity1943 receptor subtypes, sst1, sst2A, sst2B, sst3 and sst4, or the neuropeptide itself, in the @entity35 hypothalamus. Immunoreactivity for all the entities was widely distributed throughout the entire hypothalamus. Despite the wide distribution, only few cases of colocalization of @entity1943 with @entity10672 -activated @entity12001 were detected in the paraventricular, arcuate and dorsomedial nuclei. A moderate to high degree of colocalization of nuclear @entity12001 and all investigated subtypes of @entity1943 receptors was found in the lateral and dorsal @entity1640 areas and in the dorsomedial @entity1640 nucleus. Immunoreactivity for sst1, sst2B and sst4 was present in @entity12001 -containing nuclei of the paraventricular, periventricular, arcuate and ventromedial @entity1640 neurones, as well as in the retrochiasmatic and posterior @entity1640 areas. Despite the wide distribution of sst2A in the @entity35 hypothalamus, few events of colocalization with @entity10672 -activated @entity12001 were observed in the dorsomedial nucleus and in the lateral and dorsal @entity1640 areas only. Many @entity10672 -responsive neurones of the dorsal, lateral, periarcuate, perifornical and posterior @entity1640 areas, as well as in the ventromedial and dorsomedial @entity1640 nuclei, displayed sst3 immunoreactivity at their neuronal cilia. These results provide strong anatomical evidence for the direct interaction of @entity10672 and the @entity1943 systems in neuroendocrine control loops such as the energy homeostasis, growth or stress response.

title: @entity10672 -target neurones of the @entity35 hypothalamus express XXXX receptors.

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity1943 :: (MESH:D013004,Chemical) :: ['somatostatin']


abstract: The @entity1 tissue kallikrein family (KLK for protein; KLK for gene) includes 15 members. Twelve kallikreins, including @entity22546 , are concurrently upregulated in @entity43 . However, the mechanism of this phenomenon remains unclear. In this study, we measured @entity22546 expression in a large series of ovarian tissue cytosols and examined possible mechanisms of @entity22546 up-regulation in @entity43 . Using a newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with two monoclonal antibodies, we quantified @entity22546 expression in ovarian tissue cytosols, and confirmed the upregulation of @entity22546 in @entity43 and its unfavourable prognostic value. We then examined @entity22546 mRNA expression using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and established its good concordance with @entity22546 protein expression. This finding suggested that the @entity22546 gene is under transcriptional regulation. We then scrutinised a few mechanisms that could explain @entity22546 upregulation. The relative abundance of two @entity22546 mRNA transcripts was studied; we found the same differential expression pattern in all samples, regardless of @entity22546 levels. Genomic mutation screening of all exons and the 5'-flanking region of the @entity22546 gene identified two linked single- @entity377 polymorphisms in the 5'-untranslated region, but neither correlated with @entity22546 expression. Ovarian cell lines were separately treated with five @entity134 hormones. None of the treatments produced significant effects on @entity22546 expression. We conclude that @entity22546 is transcriptionally upregulated in @entity43 , but probably not through alternative mRNA transcript expression, genomic mutation, or @entity134 hormone induction.

title: Transcriptional upregulation of @entity1 tissue kallikrein 6 in XXXX : clinical and mechanistic aspects.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: AIM: To demonstrate the various patterns of @entity11665 ( @entity11665 ) around the shoulder and to discuss a therapeutic algorithm. METHOD: In this retrospective study, 6 @entity1 with histologically proven @entity11665 were operated on. The diagnosis was based on clinical examination, plain X-rays, ultrasonography and MRI in 5/6 @entity1 . Also, a histological examination was done in all cases. According to the localisation of the disease, surgery was done by endoscopy alone, endoscopy together with open surgery or direct open surgery. RESULTS: In one case each, we saw an isolated disease of the subacromial bursa or the gleno-humeral joint. In two cases, we found an intraarticular affection together with the biceps @entity1319 . The other two @entity1 showed a massive periarticular deposition of loose bodies together with a defect of the rotator cuff. All @entity1 with @entity66 (5/6) showed different stages of @entity1844 . In 5 of 6 @entity1 all bodies could be removed at surgery. At follow-up after 36 months the @entity1 subjectively rated the result as satisfactory to excellent. In the @entity1 with total removal of the bodies, no recurrences were seen on plain X-ray or ultrasonography. CONCLUSION: @entity11665 around the shoulder appears with a variable pattern. According to the possible late complications described in the literature (i. e., secondary @entity571 , involvement of the rotator cuff and secondary malignant transformation), we find operative treatment justified. Surgery addressing removal of loose bodies and partial synovectomy allows good results. The operative approach (endoscopy or open surgery) is related to the localisation and severity of the condition.

title: [Primary XXXX of the shoulder].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1844 :: ('MESH:D002357', 'Disease') :: ['chondromalacia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['intraarticular disease']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity11665 :: ('MESH:D015838', 'Disease') :: ['PSC', 'primary synovial chondromatosis']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['tendon sheath']

answer: @entity11665 :: (MESH:D015838,Disease) :: ['synovial chondromatosis']


abstract: The May 2003 COM. A 57-year-old @entity1 presented with slurring of her speech and right arm weakness. Her past medical history included @entity123 ( @entity123 ), @entity625 , @entity565 , @entity712 , @entity101 and @entity2175 . Neurological examination showed persistent word finding difficulty but her motor and sensory function had essentially returned to normal. Extensive laboratory studies were unrevealing. Imaging studies showed a @entity693 over the left posterior parietal lobe and the findings suggested an @entity166 or inflammatory process. A biopsy of the involved dura and meninges was performed and revealed @entity9312 . Emperipolesis was noted. The finding of emperipolesis is characteristic of @entity9312 , but in 30% of cases, this feature will not be identified. Large pale histiocytes of @entity9312 are immunoreactive for @entity2281 protein and KP1, but negative for @entity4896 . The differential diagnosis of a chronic inflammatory infiltrate containing numerous, large histiocytes includes @entity738 such as @entity2883 and @entity978 , and Langerhans @entity22964 . CNS Rosai-Dorfman most commonly involves @entity1 between 20- and 40-years-old, with a slight male predominance. Approximately 75% of cases are intracranial, whereas 20% involve the spine. Over 90% of CNS Rosai-Dorfman cases involve the leptomeninges and are seen by neuroimaging as a dural-based, contrast-enhancing masses that often elicit vasogenic @entity4 in the underlying brain. Thus, clinically and radiologically, the disease is thought to represent @entity1653 . Leptomeningeal @entity9312 is considered a benign condition and in most cases surgical resection is the treatment of choice. Although the number of cases in the literature is small, disease progression following surgical resection is uncommon. Little is known regarding the pathogenesis of @entity9312 . Most have suggested that it represents either an @entity792 or a reaction to an @entity166 agent that has yet to be discovered. Currently it is best considered a benign, idiopathic @entity22964 .

title: May 2003: 57-year-old- XXXX with acute loss of strength in her right upper extremity and slurred speech.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity9312 :: ('MESH:D015618', 'Disease') :: ['Rosai-Dorfman disease', 'Rosai-Dorfman disease of the leptomeninges', 'leptomeningeal Rosai-Dorfman disease']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous diseases']

entities_list: @entity22964 :: ('MESH:D015614', 'Disease') :: ['histiocytosis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal lesion']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['Wegener graulomatosis']

entities_list: @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['IHSS', 'idiopathic hypertrophic subendocardial stenosis']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoid, Hodgkin disease']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['woman']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Management of severe @entity1960 (SAC) complicating @entity29 remains a challenge despite significant advances in medical therapy. The aim of this study was to report a 20-year experience with subtotal colectomy (STC) performed for SAC. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 164 consecutive @entity1 with a mean age of 37 +/- 15 years (range 16 to 86 years) underwent STC for SAC defined according to the criteria of Truelove and Witts. The decision for surgical treatment was based on clinical, biologic, radiologic, and endoscopic severity criteria both at entry and during hospitalization after failure to improve under medical treatment. A Brooke ileostomy was made to the right iliac fossa and a sigmoidostomy was made to the midline incision. All complications before discharge were recorded as in-hospital morbidity or mortality. RESULTS: Colonoscopy was performed in 153 @entity1 and endoscopic diagnosis of SAC was confirmed by pathologic examination in 84% of the cases. STC was performed on an emergency basis in 40 @entity1 with complications and only after failure of medical treatment in the remaining 124 @entity1 . The mortality rate was 0.6%. The overall morbidity rate was 33%; 24 @entity1 required reoperation, including 8% undergoing reoperation during followup for @entity1744 . Definitive pathologic diagnosis changed in one half of the @entity1 ; the final diagnosis was @entity30 in 110 cases, @entity31 in 35, and indeterminate @entity1960 in 19. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated the safety of STC performed in a tertiary care center for @entity1 with SAC who presented with complications or failed to respond to intensive medical therapy.

title: Subtotal colectomy for severe XXXX : a 20-year experience of a tertiary care center with an aggressive and early surgical policy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['colitis', 'acute colitis']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity1960 :: (MESH:D003092,Disease) :: ['acute colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with @entity6 and multivessel disease, @entity453 bypass graft surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention are treatment options. However, there is paucity of data comparing @entity453 bypass graft surgery against newer generation stents. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1 included in the New York State registries who had @entity6 and underwent isolated @entity453 bypass graft surgery or percutaneous coronary intervention with @entity2239 eluting stent (EES) for multivessel disease were included. Propensity score matching was used to assemble a cohort with similar baseline characteristics. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were @entity583 ( @entity583 ), @entity64 , and repeat revascularization. Short-term (within 30 days) and long-term outcomes were evaluated. Among 16   089 @entity1 with @entity6 and multivessel disease, 8096 @entity1 with similar propensity scores were included. At short-term, EES was associated with a lower risk of @entity204 (hazard ratio [HR] =0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34-0.98; P=0.04) and @entity64 (HR=0.14; 95% CI, 0.06-0.30; P<0.0001) but higher risk of @entity583 (HR=2.44; 95% CI, 1.13-5.31; P=0.02). At long-term, EES was associated with a similar risk of @entity204 (425 [10.50%] versus 414 [10.23%] events; HR=1.12; 95% CI, 0.96-1.30; P=0.16), a lower risk of @entity64 (118 [2.92%] versus 157 [3.88%] events; HR=0.76; 95% CI, 0.58-0.99; P=0.04) but a higher risk of @entity583 (260 [6.42%] versus 166 [4.10%] events; HR=1.64; 95% CI, 1.32-2.04; P<0.0001) and repeat revascularization (889 [21.96%] versus 421 [10.40%] events; HR=2.42; 95% CI, 2.12-2.76; P<0.0001). The higher risk of @entity583 was not seen in the subgroup of EES @entity1 who underwent complete revascularization (HR=1.37; 95% CI, 0.76-2.47; P=0.30). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity6 and multivessel disease, EES was associated with lower upfront risk of @entity204 and @entity64 when compared with @entity453 bypass graft surgery. However, at long-term, EES was associated with similar risk of @entity204 , a higher risk of @entity583 (in those with incomplete revascularization), and repeat revascularization but a lower risk of @entity64 .

title: XXXX Eluting Stents Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery for @entity1 With @entity6 and Multivessel Disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['everolimus']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery']

answer: @entity2239 :: (MESH:C107135,Chemical) :: ['Everolimus']


abstract: PURPOSE: Recently laser-in-situ-keratomileusis (LASIK) has been increasingly used to correct @entity2516 . The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the safety, efficacy, predictability, stability and complications using the scanning spot excimer LASIK technology. @entity1 AND METHODS: The results of 100 consecutive LASIK operations carried out between 2/1998 and 2/1999 on 60 @entity1 (mean age 37 years, range 20-55 years) have been evaluated. The Hansatome microkeratome with a superior hinge (flap diameter: 9.5 mm) and a scanning spot excimer laser (Technolas C-Lasik 217) were used in all cases. The mean spherical equivalent of the subjective manifest refraction was -6.96 +/- 2.87 diopters (D), the mean sphere was -6.47 +/- 2.71 D and the mean @entity940 was -0.98 +/- 0.94 D. In 6% of the eyes preoperative visual acuity was not better than 20/40. Examinations were performed preoperatively, after 1 and 7 days, after 1,4 and 12 months. Safety, efficacy, predictability, stability and complications were calculated using the datagraph software (version 1.11). RESULTS: All 100 eyes were examined after 1 day and 1 week, 96 after 1 month, 95 after 4 months and 92 after 1 year. Following 1 year none of the eyes lost 2 or more lines of best corrected visual acuity, 99% were within +/- 1 line and 1% gained 2 lines (safety index 1.03). In 92% of all eyes an uncorrected visual acuity of > or = 0.5 was reached, in 77% > or = 0.8 and in 51% > or = 1.0 (efficacy index 0.89). For 60 eyes (65.21%) a refractive correction of +/- 0.5 D was necessary, for 82 eyes (89.13%) +/- 1.0 D and for 91 eyes (98.91%) +/- 2.0 D. The mean spherical equivalent after 1 year was -0.15 +/- 1.31 D. Between 1 and 12 months a mean regression of -0.14 D occurred. On the request of the @entity1 , 5 eyes were retreated during the study period for under- or over-correction. Complications due to the microkeratome did not occur. @entity281 were not observed, a @entity1036 ( @entity1036 ) was seen in 12 cases, but all cases healed with no loss of visual acuity. In 7 eyes a slight decentration of the ablation was observed using corneal topography, which in one case caused an increase in glare sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: LASIK with superior hinge and scanning spot excimer photoablation is suitable for the correction of @entity1714 (up to a maximum of -12 D) and for @entity940 (up to a maximum of -5 D). The refractive results showed a high stability during the 12-month study period but there is still room for improvement of the predictability.

title: [LASIK with a superior hinge and scanning spot excimer laser ablation for correction of @entity1714 and XXXX . Results of a prospective study on 100 eyes with a 1-year follow-up].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism', 'myopic astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive errors']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse lamellar keratitis', 'DLK']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Corneal infections']

answer: @entity940 :: (MESH:D001251,Disease) :: ['myopic astigmatism']


abstract: @entity191 is characterized by massive degeneration of @entity935 -containing neurons in the midbrain. However, the vulnerability of these neurons is heterogeneous both across different midbrain @entity935 -containing cell groups and within the substantia nigra, the brain structure most affected in this disease. To determine the exact pattern of cell loss and to map the cellular distribution of candidate pathogenic molecules, it is necessary to have landmarks independent of the degenerative process by which to subdivide the substantia nigra. We have developed a protocol for this purpose based on immunostaining for calbindin D(28K), a protein present in striatonigral afferent fibres. We used it to examine post-mortem brain samples from seven subjects who had had no history of neurological or @entity146 disease. We found intense immunostaining for calbindin D(28K) associated with the neuropil of the ventral midbrain. Within the calbindin-positive region, there were conspicuous calbindin-poor zones. Analysed in serial sections, many of the calbindin-poor zones seen in individual sections were continuous with one another, forming elements of larger, branched three-dimensional structures. Sixty per cent of all @entity935 -containing neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta were located within the calbindin-rich zone, which we named the nigral matrix, and 40% were packed together within the calbindin-poor zones, which we named nigrosomes. We identified five different nigrosomes. This organization was consistent from one control brain to another. We propose that subdivision of the @entity1 substantia nigra based on patterns of calbindin immunostaining provides a key tool for analysing the organization of the substantia nigra and offers a new approach to analysing molecular expression patterns in the substantia nigra and the specific patterns of nigral cell degeneration in @entity191 .

title: The substantia nigra of the XXXX brain. I. Nigrosomes and the nigral matrix, a compartmental organization based on calbindin D(28K) immunohistochemistry.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy is being increasingly used prior to liver resection for colorectal @entity3 . Oxaliplatin has been implicated in causing structural changes to the @entity409 , and such changes may increase the morbidity and mortality of surgery. @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective study was undertaken of 101 consecutive @entity1 who had undergone liver resection for colorectal @entity3 in two HPB centers. Preoperative demographic and premorbid data were gathered along with liver function tests and @entity5 markers. A subjective assessment of the surgical procedure was noted, and in-hospital morbidity and mortality were calculated. The effect of preoperative chemotherapy on short-term and long-term outcome was analyzed, and actuarial 1 and 3 year survival was determined. RESULTS: @entity1 who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy had a higher number of @entity3 (median 2, range 1-8 versus median 1, range 1-5; P = 0.019) and more had @entity5 (24 @entity1 versus 8; P < 0.001). Overall morbidity was 37% and hospital mortality was 3.9%. Operative and in-hospital outcome was not influenced by chemotherapy. Long-term survival was worse in @entity1 who had received preoperative chemotherapy (actuarial 3-year survival 62% versus 80%; P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows no evidence that neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and in particular @entity901 , increases the risk associated with liver resection for colorectal @entity3 . Long-term outcome is reduced in @entity1 receiving preoperative chemotherapy, although they have more @entity1442 .

title: Preoperative chemotherapy and the outcome of liver resection for colorectal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['synchronous tumors', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We aimed to confirm the efficacy of @entity1299 in Japanese postmenopausal @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 , and investigate factors contributing @entity177 ( @entity177 ) prolongation. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 194 @entity0 @entity1 who received @entity1299 (500  mg) from January 2012 to December 2014. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity177 (efficacy measure), overall survival (OS), factors prolonging @entity177 and adverse events were evaluated. RESULTS: The median age was 65 (42 - 90) years. Overall, @entity177 was 5.48 months. In @entity1 without prior chemotherapy (n  =  59), OS was significantly longer (p  =  0.0131) than in @entity1 with prior chemotherapy (n  =  135). There was no strong correlation between @entity177 with @entity1299 and other endocrine therapies, total duration of endocrine therapy and maximum duration of endocrine therapy. @entity177 was significantly longer in @entity1 with less than two prior chemotherapy regimens (p  =  0.0093), de novo @entity3 (p  =  0.0124) and without liver @entity3 (p  =  0.0024). We observed one case each of @entity8995 and @entity146 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1299 is effective for @entity0 @entity1 and may show greater efficacy in @entity1 with few prior chemotherapy regimens, de novo @entity3 and absence of liver @entity3 . Prior endocrine therapy duration might not be a predictive factor for @entity1299 @entity177 in heavily treated @entity0 @entity1 .

title: Efficacy of XXXX 500 mg in Japanese postmenopausal @entity0 @entity1 and factors associated with prolonged time-to-treatment failure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['advanced/recurrent breast cancer', 'ABC']

entities_list: @entity8995 :: ('MESH:D054060', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infarction']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['to time-to-treatment failure', 'TTF']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1299 :: ('MESH:C070081', 'Chemical') :: ['Fulvestrant', 'fulvestrant']

answer: @entity1299 :: (MESH:C070081,Chemical) :: ['fulvestrant']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To investigate the efficacy and @entity137 of FOLFOX4 regimen and LV5Fu2 regimen in @entity1 with advanced @entity356 after curative gastrectomy. METHODS: Eighty @entity1 with @entity356 after curative gastrectomy were randomized to receive a 2-h infusion of leucovorin (LV; 200mg/m(2)/d) followed by a @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) bolus (400mg/m(2)/d) and 22-h infusion (600 mg/m(2)/d) for 2 consecutive days every 2 weeks, either alone or together with @entity901 85 mg/m(2) as a 2-h infusion on day 1 (FOLFOX4 regimen or LV5Fu2 regimen). The observation points were recurrence free survival, overall survival and @entity137 of the two groups. RESULTS: All @entity1 had received curative gastrectomy (R0 resection) before received either of the two regimens. The 3-year recurrence free survival rate and the 3-year overall survival rate in FOLFOX4 group were all significantly better than those in the control group (median, 30.0 months vs. 16.0 months, P<0.05; 36.0 months vs. 28.0 months, P<0.05). COX multivariant analysis was used to evaluate the prognostic factors and @entity901 was found to be the independent prognostic factor and could improve the survival rate in FOLFOX4 group. Grade 3/4 @entity1897 occurred in 19% in FOLFOX4 group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in @entity1398 , @entity1431 , @entity417 , @entity344 and so on. Three @entity1 in each group were lost to follow up during treatment. CONCLUSION: FOLFOX4 regimen showed good efficacy and an acceptable safety profile for @entity1 with advanced @entity356 after curative gastrectomy compared with the control group. It may prove to be a suitable alterative regimen in this indication.

title: Prospective, randomized trial comparing @entity1487 /LV with or without XXXX as adjuvant treatment following curative resection of @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal reaction']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity901 :: (MESH:C030110,Chemical) :: ['oxaliplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Non-adherence to treatment in @entity1 with @entity161 is associated with increased hospitalization, higher health care costs, and poorer long-term outcomes in terms of relapse rates. It is established that a negative drug attitude was a risk factor for non-adherence in long-term @entity161 . The scale "Drug Attitude Inventory" is one of the scales designed to assess this concept. It has been translated and validated in different languages. However, its psychometric properties have not yet been studied in our sociocultural context. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to translate into Tunisian Arabic dialect the scale "Drug Attitude Inventory" with 30 dichotomous items (DAI-30) and validate it in Tunisian sociocultural context in @entity1 with @entity161 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was performed in 234 outpatients with @entity161 , recruited through a random drawing. These @entity1 are in remission and meet remission criteria proposed by "The Remission in @entity161 Working Group". We recruited 30 @entity1 for pretest and 204 @entity1 for linguistic validation. Forward and backward translation of the DAI-30 was performed according to the protocol of the "MAPI Research Institute". This final version was submitted to 24 experts and followed by a pretest. @entity1055 has been established by performing a principal component analysis factor on a sample of 204 @entity1 . Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach alpha coefficient and inter-rater reliability was assessed by the use of Intra-Class Correlation coefficient (ICC). For the test-retest reliability evaluation, the "r" @entity6632 was used between the DAI scores obtained in the initial evaluation and those obtained at 15 days. RESULTS: Regarding construct validity, factor analysis revealed seven factors that were responsible for 59.9% of the variance. The study of internal consistency between the 30 items was rated good (a=0.88). The test-retest reliability was satisfactory (r=0.99, p<10(-3)), as well as inter-rater reliability (ICC=0.99). CONCLUSION: In the Tunisian cultural context, the DAI-30 presented seven factors with good consistency and an inter-rater reliability.

title: Cultural translation and Tunisian validation of the Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI-30) in outpatients with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1055 :: ('MESH:D000381', 'Disease') :: ['Construct validity']

entities_list: @entity6632 :: ('MESH:C536353', 'Disease') :: ["Pearson's coefficient"]

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Two hybrid genes ( @entity40110 -HuIFN-gamma2 and @entity40110 -HuIFN-gamma3) were constructed on the basis of @entity742 @entity40110 ( @entity40110 ) and @entity1 @entity379 (HuIFN-gamma) gene sequences. They were used to direct HuIFN-gamma synthesis in the mammary gland of @entity19 . HuIFN-gamma was efficiently produced in the mammary gland of @entity19 . @entity40110 -HuIFN-gamma2 transgenic females expressed HuIFN-gamma in the milk at concentrations up to 570 mg/ml, and @entity40110 -HuIFN-gamma3 transgenic females expressed up to 350 mg/ml. All females carrying the @entity40110 -HuIFN-gamma3 gene expressed HuIFN-gamma in their milk. No significant changes were observed in the HuIFN-gamma expression level during the lactation period. Using RT-PCR analysis, ectopic expression for both hybrid genes was found in @entity19 . Despite ectopic expression of HuIFN-gamma in @entity19 , their development and pregnancy were normal. The heritability of the HuIFN-gamma expression level in milk was demonstrated up to the F2 generation. This work demonstrates that hybrid genes have the potential to develop in transgenic domestic animals producing HuIFN-gamma in milk.

title: Efficient @entity1 XXXX expression in the mammary gland of @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma']

answer: @entity379 :: (3458,Gene) :: ['IFN-gamma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 @entity6249 ( @entity6249 ) has been hypothesized to be an age-dependent disease accompanied by similar vascular changes in other organs. SHRSP feature numerous vascular risk factors and may be a valid model of some aspects of @entity1 @entity6249 . Here we compare renal histopathological changes with the brain pathology of spontaneously @entity101 @entity64 -prone @entity35 (SHRSP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We histologically investigated the brains and kidneys of 61 SHRSP at different stages of age (12 to 44 weeks). The brain pathology (aggregated erythrocytes in capillaries and arterioles, microbleeds, microthromboses) and the kidney pathology (aggregated erythrocytes within peritubular capillaries, tubular protein cylinders, @entity631 ) were quantified separately. The prediction of the brain pathology by the kidney pathology was assessed by creating ROC-curves integrating the degree of kidney pathology and age of SHRSP. RESULTS: Both, brain and kidney pathology, show an age-dependency and proceed in definite stages whereas an aggregation of erythrocytes in capillaries and arterioles, we parsimoniously interpreted as stases, represent the initial finding in both organs. Thus, early renal @entity16 characterized by rather few intravasal erythrocyte aggregations and tubular protein cylinders predicts the initial step of SHRSPs' cerebral vascular pathology marked by accumulated erythrocytes. The combined increase of intravasal erythrocyte aggregations and protein cylinders accompanied by @entity631 and @entity9818 in kidneys of older SHRSP predicts the final stages of SHRSPs' @entity75 marked by microbleeds and @entity1188 . CONCLUSION: Our results illustrate a close association between structural brain and kidney pathology and support the concept of small vessel disease to be an age-dependent systemic pathology. Further, an improved joined nephrologic and neurologic diagnostic may help to identify @entity1 with @entity6249 at an early stage.

title: Kidney pathology precedes and predicts the pathological cascade of @entity75 in @entity64 prone XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity9818 :: ('MESH:D057049', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic renal microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6249 :: ('MESH:D059345', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral small vessel disease', 'CSVD']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['tubulointerstitial damage']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic infarcts']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity5259 sphingomyelinase belongs to the @entity1025 -dependent neutral sphingomyelinase, which hydrolyses @entity4291 to @entity2945 and @entity2367 , and acts as an extracellular hemolysin. The triplet residues, His151- @entity2574 195-His296, of the enzyme are highly conserved among bacterial and @entity1 @entity1025 -dependent neutral sphingomyelinases. The triplet residues converge on the active-site pocket of the 3D model of the enzyme. To investigate the function of these residues in the acid-base catalysis, we introduced several mutations for each residue by site-directed mutagenesis. Hemolytic and hydrolytic activities of the enzyme, abolished by the mutations at @entity2574 195 and His296, revealed that these residues are critical for the catalytic function. The effect of the divalent metal cations on the pH dependency of the hydrolytic activities indicates that His296 corresponds to the most acidic ionizable group as a general base. The mutagenesis at His151 was also deleterious; however, the @entity69582 and @entity69583 mutant enzymes partially retained their activities. The @entity69582 mutation affected the most basic ionizable group, suggesting that His151 may act as a general acid in catalysis. By the structural basis of the 3D model, @entity2574 195 must maintain not only the appropriate spatial arrangement but also pK(a)s of His151 and His296. Taking into consideration all of these, we proposed the acid-base catalytic mechanism of @entity5259 sphingomyelinase.

title: His151 and His296 are the acid-base catalytic residues of XXXX sphingomyelinase in sphingomyelin hydrolysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2367 :: ('CHEBI:17761', 'Chemical') :: ['ceramide']

entities_list: @entity5259 :: ('1396', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus cereus', 'B. cereus']

entities_list: @entity2945 :: ('MESH:D010767', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphocholine']

entities_list: @entity4291 :: ('CHEBI:17636', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingomyelin']

answer: @entity5259 :: (1396,Species) :: ['Bacillus cereus']


abstract: Messenger @entity10731 encoding the alpha-subunit of @entity460 /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (camkII) is abundantly and constitutively expressed in dendrites of pyramidal and granule cell neurons of the adult hippocampus. Recent evidence suggests that camkII messenger @entity10731 is stored in a translationally dormant state within @entity10731 storage granules. Delivery of camkII messenger @entity10731 from sites of storage to sites of translation may therefore be a key step in activity-driven dendritic protein synthesis and synaptic plasticity. Here we explored possible camkII trafficking in the context of long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus of awake, adult @entity35 . Long-term potentiation was induced by patterned high-frequency stimulation, synaptodendrosomes containing pinched-off dendritic spines were obtained from microdissected dentate gyrus, and messenger @entity10731 levels were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. High-frequency stimulation triggered a rapid 2.5-fold increase in camkII messenger @entity10731 levels in the synaptodendrosome fraction. This increase occurred in the absence of camkII upregulation in the homogenate fraction, indicating trafficking of pre-existing messenger @entity10731 to synaptodendrosomes. The elevation in camkII messenger @entity10731 was paralleled by an increase in protein expression specific to the synaptodendrosome fraction, and followed by depletion of camkII message. Activity-dependent regulation of camkII messenger @entity10731 and protein did not require @entity1024 receptor activation. In contrast, @entity1024 receptor activation was required for induction of the immediate early genes @entity11970 and activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein in dentate gyrus homogenates. The results support a model in which locally stored camkII messenger @entity10731 is rapidly transported to dendritic spines and translated during long-term potentiation in behaving @entity35 .

title: Bursts of high-frequency stimulation trigger rapid delivery of pre-existing alpha-CaMKII mRNA to synapses: a mechanism in dendritic protein synthesis during long-term potentiation in adult awake XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-d-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity10731 :: ('CHEBI:33697', 'Chemical') :: ['ribonucleic acid']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: GINS is a key component of the eukaryotic @entity22 ( @entity22 )-GINS (CMG) complex, which unwinds duplex DNA at the moving replication fork. Archaeal GINS complexes have been shown to stimulate the @entity69837 activity of their cognate @entity22 mainly by elevating its ATPase activity. Here, we report that GINS from the thermoacidophilic crenarchaeon @entity12204 (SsoGINS) is capable of DNA binding and binds preferentially to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) over double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). Notably, SsoGINS binds more strongly to dsDNA with a 5' ssDNA tail than to dsDNA with a 3' tail and more strongly to an ssDNA fragment blocked at the 3' end than to one at the 5' end with a @entity1885 -streptavidin (SA) complex, suggesting the ability of the protein complex to slide in a 5'-to-3' direction along ssDNA. DNA-bound SsoGINS enhances DNA binding by SsoMCM. Furthermore, SsoGINS increases the @entity69837 activity of SsoMCM. However, the ATPase activity of SsoMCM is not affected by SsoGINS. Our results suggest that SsoGINS facilitates processive DNA unwinding by SsoMCM by enhancing the binding of the @entity69837 to DNA. We propose that SsoGINS stabilizes the interaction of SsoMCM with the replication fork and moves along with the @entity69837 as the fork progresses. IMPORTANCE: GINS is a key component of the eukaryotic Cdc45- @entity22 -GINS complex, a molecular motor that drives the unwinding of DNA in front of the replication fork. Archaea also encode GINS, which interacts with @entity22 , the @entity69837 . But how archaeal GINS serves its role remains to be understood. In this study, we show that GINS from the hyperthermophilic archaeon @entity12204 is able to bind to DNA and slide along ssDNA in a 5'-to-3' direction. Furthermore, @entity12204 GINS enhances DNA binding by @entity22 , which slides along ssDNA in a 3'-to-5' direction. Taken together, these results suggest that @entity12204 GINS may stabilize the interaction of @entity22 with the moving replication fork, facilitating processive DNA unwinding.

title: The @entity12204 GINS Complex Stimulates DNA Binding and Processive DNA Unwinding by Minichromosome Maintenance XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12204 :: ('2287', 'Species') :: ['Sulfolobus solfataricus', 'Sulfolobus']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['MCM', 'Cdc45-minichromosome maintenance']

answer: @entity69837 :: (24868091,Gene) :: ['Helicase']


abstract: @entity9851 was studied in 908 @entity1 with @entity943 . A proarrhythmia occurred in 29 (3.2%). When the severity of the proarrhythmia and the type of presenting @entity943 were correlated, no proarrhythmic events occurred in @entity1 who presented with benign @entity943 . Four @entity204 were attributed to the proarrhythmic effects of @entity9851 . Of these, 3 occurred in @entity1 presenting with lethal @entity943 . A total of 15 serious proarrhythmic events occurred, all of which resolved without lethal consequence. The overall proarrhythmia incidence in the lethal and potentially lethal @entity943 categories was not different (3.2 vs 3.7%, respectively). Thus, a proarrhythmia occurred in @entity1 with more advanced structural @entity299 , and occurred almost exclusively in @entity1 who presented with potentially lethal or lethal @entity943 . There was no relation between the dose of @entity9851 and the incidence of proarrhythmic events. Of the 29 proarrhythmic events, 26 occurred within 7 days (90%) of the initiation of @entity9851 therapy. Thus, @entity9851 appears to have a low proarrhythmic potential in the populations tested, including @entity1 presenting with lethal @entity943 . The implications of the @entity943 Suppression Trial on such a data base analysis are discussed.

title: Proarrhythmic potential of XXXX : strengths and limitations of a data base analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9851 :: ('MESH:D016293', 'Chemical') :: ['Moricizine', 'moricizine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia', 'ventricular arrhythmias', 'Cardiac Arrhythmia']

answer: @entity9851 :: (MESH:D016293,Chemical) :: ['moricizine']


abstract: A 5-week randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study was carried out to investigate the efficacy of kava-kava special extract @entity70508 in non-psychotic nervous @entity148 , @entity2701 and restlessness states. During the first treatment week, the study dose drug was increased from 50 mg to 300 mg per day and pretreatment with @entity1245 was tapered off over 2 weeks. These dosage adjustments were followed by 3 weeks of monotherapy with @entity70508 or placebo. Outcome measures were the differences between baseline and end of treatment on the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and on a subjective well-being scale (Bf-S), as well as the @entity1245 withdrawal symptoms. Changes in the Erlanger Anxiety, Tension and Aggression Scale (EAAS) and Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) were analyzed as secondary measures. Treatment safety was checked by interviews, adverse event reports and laboratory investigations. Forty @entity1 (2x20) were included into the study. @entity70508 was superior to placebo regarding the HAMA (P=0.01) and Bf-S (P=0.002) total scores and all secondary efficacy measures. The tolerance of @entity70508 was not inferior to placebo. The study confirms the anxiolytic efficacy and good tolerance of @entity70508 and shows that a further symptom reduction is possible after a change-over from @entity1245 treatment.

title: Efficacy of kava-kava in the treatment of non-psychotic @entity148 , following pretreatment with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine', 'benzodiazepines']

answer: @entity1245 :: (MESH:D001569,Chemical) :: ['benzodiazepines']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In spite of progress in cardiovascular genetics, data on genetic background of @entity583 are still limited and contradictory. This applies as well to the genes involved in @entity32 and coagulation processes, which play a crucial role in the disease etiopathogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study we found genetic variants of @entity2533 , @entity2002 and CRP genes associated with @entity583 in discovery and replication groups of Russian descent from the Moscow region and the Republic of Bashkortostan (325/185 and 220/197 samples, correspondingly). We also found and replicated biallelic combinations of @entity2533 with @entity2002 , @entity2533 with CRP and @entity379 with @entity7542 genetic variants associated with @entity583 providing a detectable cumulative effect. We proposed an original two-component procedure for the analysis of nonlinear (epistatic) interactions between the genes in biallelic combinations and confirmed the epistasis hypothesis for the set of alleles of @entity379 with PTGS. The procedure is applicable to any pair of logical variables, e.g. carriage of two sets of alleles. The composite model that included three single gene variants and the epistatic pair has AUC of 0.66 both in discovery and replication groups. CONCLUSIONS: The genetic impact of @entity2533 , @entity2002 , CRP, @entity379 , and PTGS and/or their biallelic combinations on @entity583 was found and replicated in Russians. Evidence of epistatic interactions between @entity379 with PTGS genes was obtained both in discovery and replication groups.

title: Variants of the Coagulation and Inflammation Genes Are Replicably Associated with XXXX and Epistatically Interact in Russians.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Infarction']


abstract: Study Objectives: In @entity22 , actigraphy tends to underestimate wake time compared to diaries and @entity15203 . When @entity1118 co-occurs with @entity22 , sleep may be more fragmented, including more movement and arousals. However, individuals may not be consciously aware of these arousals. We examined the baseline concordance of diaries, actigraphy, and @entity15203 as well as the ability of each assessment method to detect changes in sleep following cognitive behavioral therapy for @entity22 (CBT-I). Methods: Adults with @entity22 and @entity239 (n = 113) were randomized to CBT-I, CBT for @entity158 , or waitlist control. At baseline and posttreatment, @entity1 completed one night of @entity15203 and two weeks of diaries/actigraphy. Results: At baseline, objective measures estimated lower SOL, higher TST, and higher SE than diaries (ps < 0.05). Compared to @entity15203 , actigraphic estimates were higher for SOL and lower for WASO (ps < 0.05). Repeated measures ANOVAs were conducted for the CBT-I group (n = 15), and significant method by time interactions indicated that the assessment methods differed in their sensitivity to detect treatment-related changes. @entity15203 values did not change significantly for any sleep parameters. However, diaries showed improvements in SOL, WASO, and SE, and actigraphy also detected the WASO and SE improvements (ps < 0.05). Conclusions: Actigraphy was generally more concordant with @entity15203 than with diaries, which are the recommended assessment for diagnosing @entity22 . However, actigraphy showed greater sensitivity to treatment-related changes than @entity15203 ; @entity15203 failed to detect any improvements, but actigraphy demonstrated changes in WASO and SE, which were also found with diaries. In comorbid @entity22 / @entity239 , actigraphy may therefore have utility in measuring treatment outcomes.

title: Measuring Treatment Outcomes in Comorbid XXXX and @entity239 : Concordance of Subjective and Objective Assessments.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity22 :: (MESH:D007319,Disease) :: ['Insomnia']


abstract: Brainstem serotonergic neurotransmission is implicated in sleep regulation. However, the role of @entity750 ( @entity750 ) in forebrain regions in sleep-wake mechanisms is still unclear. Here, we have investigated, using a combined in vivo microdialysis/electroencephalogram method, the relationship between hippocampal @entity750 levels and sleep-wake behaviour in the @entity35 . A clear-cut relationship was found between hippocampal @entity750 levels and vigilance state. The highest levels of @entity750 were observed during wakefulness, whereas a progressive decrease of @entity750 going from nonrapid eye movement @entity11755 was found. @entity1949 ( @entity1949 ) causes a transient enhancement of mood in @entity308 @entity1 . Given the putative role of @entity750 in the aetiology of @entity308 and the therapeutical efficacy of selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors in this illness, we also studied hippocampal @entity750 during 4 h of @entity1949 and during the subsequent recovery period. During the whole @entity1949 period, @entity750 levels were elevated substantially when compared to @entity750 levels during basal wakefulness. However, no changes in @entity750 levels and the relationship between hippocampal @entity750 and vigilance state were found during the subsequent recovery period. As @entity1949 is a potentially stressful experience and glucocorticoids are involved in the regulation of serotonergic neurotransmission and sleep, we investigated the effects of @entity1949 on free @entity2819 levels. @entity1949 caused a marked rise in free @entity2819 levels. However, the effects of @entity1949 on @entity750 seem not to be mediated by this hormone, because adrenalectomy did not affect the rise in hippocampal @entity750 during @entity1949 . We hypothesize that the elevated hippocampal @entity750 levels during @entity1949 may participate in the transient mood enhancing properties of forced wakefulness observed in @entity308 @entity1 .

title: Effect of XXXX on serotonergic neurotransmission in the hippocampus: a combined in vivo microdialysis/EEG study in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['SD', 'Sleep deprivation']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity11755 :: ('MESH:D020187', 'Disease') :: ['sleep to rapid eye movement sleep']

answer: @entity1949 :: (MESH:D012892,Disease) :: ['sleep and sleep deprivation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) are a rare occurrence in well-differentiated @entity259 . The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical, pathologic, and molecular features of primary @entity259 with low-risk histology that develop @entity3 . METHODS: A detailed clinicopathologic review and targeted next-generation sequencing were performed on a cohort of well-differentiated @entity259 lacking gross extrathyroidal extension, extensive @entity1350 , or significant lymph node @entity3 but exhibiting @entity3 . RESULTS: Primary well-differentiated @entity259 with low-risk histologic features and @entity3 was a rare occurrence, accounting for only 3% of metastatic non-anaplastic @entity259 . All 15 cases meeting the inclusion criteria harbored @entity3 at presentation. The majority (11/15) of these @entity5 were follicular variant of @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ), especially the encapsulated form (n   =   8). The remaining @entity1 harbored encapsulated H  rthle cell @entity189 (n   =   2), encapsulated @entity189 (n   =   1), and an encapsulated @entity1377 classical variant (n   =   1). Of the 12 encapsulated @entity189 , 10 had capsular invasion only and no @entity1350 . Ninety-two percent of the @entity5 exhibited extensive intra-tumoral @entity82 . Among the eight @entity5 that were subjected to next-generation sequencing analysis, a RAS mutation was the main driver (5/8), and @entity2215 promoter mutation was highly prevalent (6/8). In four cases, @entity2215 promoter mutations were associated with RAS or @entity817 mutations. @entity817 -mutated classical variant of @entity1377 also presented with @entity3 but was less common (1/8). In 11/15 cases, the clinician was able to diagnose distant disease based on the clinical presentation. In 3/4 incidental cases that were genotyped, @entity2215 promoter mutations were found. CONCLUSIONS: When @entity3 occur in primary @entity259 with low-risk histology, they are almost always found at presentation. The majority are encapsulated follicular variant of @entity3557 with capsular invasion only. @entity2215 promoter mutations occur at a higher rate than that seen in @entity3557 in general and may help explain the aggressive behavior of these histologically deceptive primary @entity189 .

title: Primary XXXX with Low-Risk Histology and Distant Metastases: Clinicopathologic and Molecular Characteristics.

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma', 'PTC']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma', 'follicular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1350 :: ('MESH:D019043', 'Disease') :: ['vascular invasion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'DM', 'Distant metastases']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['Thyroid Carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the clinical outcomes from 2 academic centers of the @entity1795 ( @entity1795 ) @entity1912 for coverage of posterior elbow soft tissue defects. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 17 @entity1 who underwent an @entity1795 @entity1912 for posterior elbow wound reconstruction over an 8-year period at 2 academic centers. Outcome measures included visual analog score for @entity158 ; Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score; Mayo Elbow Performance score; range of motion; wound healing; grip strength; and isokinetic dynamometry for wrist flexion. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to make side-to-side comparisons between the operative and nonsurgical extremities, and nonparametric statistical methods were used to analyze results. RESULTS: All wounds healed successfully without need for revision surgery. Average visual analog, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand, and Mayo Elbow Performance scores in the operative elbow were 1.8, 34, and 86, respectively. Average elbow arc of motion was 11   to 140   with 70   forearm pronation and 73   forearm supination. Compared with the nonsurgical side, grip strength on the operated side was 97% and wrist flexion peak torque was 89%. The operative limb had an average wrist flexion fatigue of 7%, compared with 22% for the nonsurgical arm. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 receiving an @entity1795 @entity1912 had reliable healing, minimal @entity158 , good functional outcomes, and no meaningful deficits in grip strength or wrist flexion strength. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic IV.

title: Clinical Outcomes of the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris  Turnover XXXX for Posterior Elbow Soft  Tissue Defects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1795 :: ('MESH:D052582', 'Disease') :: ['flexor carpi ulnaris', 'FCU']

answer: @entity1912 :: (241,Gene) :: ['Flap']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity9 is @entity1118 that develops @entity128 and is less frequent in @entity1 and @entity1 than in adults. Likewise, in animal models of @entity9 , @entity1931 and @entity1931 are non-existent or attenuated in the @entity1 , with a "switch" during development by which @entity697 transitions to @entity1118 . Concomitant with the delay in @entity9 , there is a parallel delay in the ability of @entity128 to activate the immune system. Models of @entity9 in the @entity1 have used various ligation methods and find that @entity9 does not occur under after postnatal days 21-28 (PN21-PN28), linked to activation of immune processes and developmental regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines. We applied a model of @entity9 in the adult using a transient compression of the cervical nerve or nerve root in @entity1 @entity35 (injured at 10, 14, 21, or 28   days of age) to define transition periods during which injury results in no change in thermal and mechanical @entity158 sensitivity or in short-term changes in @entity158 . There was little to no @entity1931 when the injury was imposed at PN10, but significant thermal @entity1931 and mechanical @entity1931 1   day after @entity2850 when performed at PN14, 21, or 28. Thermal withdrawal latencies returned to near baseline by 7   days postsurgery when the injuries were at PN14, and lasted up to 14   days when the injury was imposed at PN28. There was mechanical @entity1931 following injury at 1   day postinjury and at 14   days after injury at PN14. Measurements of mRNA from spinal cord at 1, 7, and 14   days postinjury at PN14, 21, and 28 showed that both the magnitude and duration of elevated immune markers and chemokines/cytokines were greater in the older animals, corresponding to the development of @entity1931 . Thus, we confirm the late onset of @entity9 but found no evidence of @entity1931 if the injury was before PN21. This may be due to the use of a transient, and not sustained, compression ligation model.

title: Developmental Changes in @entity158 and Spinal Immune Gene Expression after Radicular Trauma in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia', 'hyperalgesia', 'emergent hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury', 'after nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['compression injury']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'Neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Purposes of this study are to describe different parenchymal changes seen after radiosurgery of @entity7026 and the clinical symptoms which can be associated, and risk factors correlated with them. @entity1 : and method. From the whole population of 705 @entity1 with a @entity7026 treated by radiosurgery between 1984 and 1998, clinical from 615 @entity1 and post radiosurgery MRI data from 367 @entity1 were reviewed. @entity51 occurred in 5.37% of cases and was still persistant in 1.46% of cases. Delay of occurrence of deficits ranged from 6 to 83 months (mean: 27 months, median: 15 months). Parenchymal changes seen in MRI were classified in 4 grades: 1 without parenchymal changes, 2 hypersignal in sp T2, 3=2 with homogenous enhancement with @entity2287 , 4 with hyposignal in @entity47800 and annular irregular enhancement. Several parameters (size, volume, angioarchitecture of the @entity7026 , dosimetric parameters) were studied and correlations were searched by uni and multivariate analysis with occurrence and delay of occurrence of deficits or parenchymal changes. RESULTS: In multivariate analysis, only size was significantly correlated with occurrence of parenchymal changes (p=0.0016); only size of the @entity600 was significantly correlated with delay of occurrence of parenchymal changes (p=0.0082); only grade 4 was correlated with occurrence of @entity51 (p<0.00001). However, when only "a priori" parameters (known before radiosurgery) are introducted in logistic model, size taille (p=0.02) and hypoplasy of a sinus (p=0.0049) are significantly correlated with occurrence of @entity51 . Only parenchymal changes grade 4 was significantly correlated with delay of occurrence of a @entity51 (p<0.00001). However, when only a priori parameters (known before radiosurgery) are introducted in logistic model, only arterial steal (p=0.054) was significantly correlated with delay of occurrence of a @entity51 . CONCLUSION: Parenchymal changes are various in expression, signification and clinical symptoms associated with them. They must be known and recognized for better prevention and symptomatic treatment as well.

title: [Parenchymal changes after radiosurgery of XXXX . Clinical and MRI data].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity7026 :: ('MESH:D002538', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral arteriovenous malformation', 'cerebral arteriovenous malformations']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological deficit', 'neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity7026 :: (MESH:D002538,Disease) :: ['cerebral arteriovenous malformations']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate contemporary patterns of presentation and outcome in newborns with @entity1152 with or without @entity4501 ( @entity571 ) using modern prognostic criteria to appraise survival. METHODS: Over a 12-year period (1986 through 1997), 134 @entity1 with @entity571 were admitted to a single institution. @entity1 demographics, the presence of @entity299 , other associated abnormalities (VACTERL), surgical intervention, and @entity1 outcome were recorded. To identify and evaluate changes in the pattern of clinical presentation, frequency of associated anomalies and outcome, @entity1 were analyzed during 4 consecutive time periods, 1986 to 1988, 1989 to 1991, 1992 to 1994, and 1995 to 1997. RESULTS: A primary repair or delayed primary repair was performed in 113 (84%) @entity1 , with a staged procedure in 19 (14%). Two babies with trisomy 18 did not undergo surgery. Thirty-eight newborns (28%) had a major @entity299 (excluding patent ductus arteriosus, unless needing ligation), and 25 (19%) had recognized VACTERL associations. There was a significant increase in the proportion of @entity1 with major @entity299 diagnosed over the study period, 5 of 34 @entity1 between 1986 and 1988 to 19 of 41 @entity1 between 1995 and 1997 (chi(2) test, P <.001), but the incidence of VACTERL associations remained unchanged. Overall survival rate was 86% in those who underwent surgery. The relative risk of mortality in @entity1 with major @entity299 and VACTERL associations was 3.47 (95% CI; 1.51 to 7.96) and 2.54 (95% CI; 1.14 to 4.86), respectively. Birth weight was significantly higher in @entity1 who survived (2.68 kg) compared with those who died (2.16 kg, P =.003). Thirty percent of @entity1 with more than one system abnormality died compared with 8% of @entity1 with 1, system abnormality (P =.004). CONCLUSIONS: This study has found a significant increase in the frequency of @entity299 encountered in a cohort of @entity571 @entity1 during the period under review. @entity299 and @entity156 carried a substantial increased risk of mortality. In the era of the Spitz classification, the phenotypic presentation is important to accurately assess caseload severity and prognosis.

title: Phenotypic presentation and outcome of XXXX in the era of the Spitz classification.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity1152 :: ('MESH:D004933', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal atresia']

entities_list: @entity156 :: ('MESH:D000015', 'Disease') :: ['multiple abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac defects', 'cardiac disease', 'cardiac abnormalities', 'Cardiac disease', 'cardiac malformation']

answer: @entity1152 :: (MESH:D004933,Disease) :: ['esophageal atresia']


abstract: Retinal development occurs in @entity19 between embryonic day E11.5 and post-natal day P8 as uncommitted neuroblasts assume retinal cell fates. The genetic pathways regulating retinal development are being identified but little is understood about the global networks that link these pathways together or the complexity of the expressed gene set required to form the retina. At E14.5, the retina contains mostly uncommitted neuroblasts and newly differentiated neurons. Here we report a sequence analysis of an E14.5 retinal cDNA library. To date, we have archived 15 268 ESTs and have annotated 9035, which represent 5288 genes. The fraction of singly occurring ESTs as a function of total EST accrual suggests that the total number of expressed genes in the library could approach 27 000. The 9035 ESTs were categorized by their known or putative functions. Representation of the genes involved in eye development was significantly higher in the retinal clone set compared with the NIA @entity19 15K cDNA clone set. Screening with a microarray containing 864 cDNA clones using wild-type and @entity16160 (-/-) retinal cDNA probes revealed a potential regulatory linkage between the transcription factor @entity16160 and expression of @entity22262 , a protein associated with axon growth. The retinal EST database will be a valuable platform for gene expression profiling and a new source for gene discovery.

title: Gene expression in the developing XXXX retina by EST sequencing and microarray analysis.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']