abstract: Object The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of CSF disturbances before and after intracranial surgery for pediatric @entity1313 in a large, contemporary, single-institution consecutive series. Methods All pediatric @entity1 (those < 18 years old), from a well-defined population of 3.0 million inhabitants, who underwent craniotomies for @entity5 at Oslo University Hospital in Rikshospitalet between 2000 and 2010 were included. The @entity1 were identified from the authors' prospectively collected database. A thorough review of all medical charts was performed to validate all the database data. Results Included in the study were 381 consecutive craniotomies, performed on 302 @entity1 (50.1% male, 49.9% female). The mean age of the @entity1 in the study was 8.63 years (range 0-17.98 years). The follow-up rate was 100%. Primary craniotomies were performed in 282 cases (74%), while 99 cases (26%) were secondary craniotomies. @entity5 were located supratentorially in 249 cases (65.3%), in the posterior fossa in 105 (27.6%), and in the brainstem/diencephalon in 27 (7.1%). The surgical approach was supratentorial in 260 cases (68.2%) and infratentorial in 121 (31.8%). Preoperative @entity1276 was found in 124 cases (32.5%), and 71 (86.6%) of 82 achieved complete cure with @entity5 resection only. New-onset postoperative @entity1276 was observed in 9 (3.5%) of 257 cases. The rate of postoperative CSF leaks was 6.3%. Conclusions Preoperative @entity1276 was found in 32.5% of pediatric @entity1 with @entity1313 treated using craniotomies. Tumor resection alone cured preoperative @entity1276 in 86.6% of cases and the incidence of new-onset @entity1276 after craniotomy was only 3.5%.

title: Cerebrospinal fluid disturbances after 381 consecutive craniotomies for XXXX in pediatric @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'intracranial tumors']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['intracranial tumors']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The wear of articular surfaces is considered one of the most important factors limiting the life of @entity572 ( @entity572 ). It is assumed that the particles released from the surface of a softer material induce a complex inflammatory response, which will eventually result in osteolysis and @entity1349 . Implant wear is related to a friction coefficient which depends on combination of the materials used, roughness of the articulating surfaces, internal clearance, and dimensions of the prosthesis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The selected parameters of the bearing couples tested were studied using an experimental device based on the principle of a pendulum. Bovine serum was used as a lubricant and the load corresponded to a @entity1 body mass of 75 kg. The friction coefficient was derived from a curve of slowdown of pendulum oscillations. Roughness was measured with a device working on the principle of interferometry. Clearance was assessed by measuring diameters of the acetabular and femoral heads with a 3D optical scanner. The specimens tested included unused metal-on-highly cross-linked @entity691 , ceramicon-highly cross-linked @entity691 and ceramic-on-ceramic bearing couples with the diameters of 28 mm and 36 mm. For each measured parameter, an arithmetic mean was calculated from 10 measurements. RESULTS 1) The roughness of @entity691 surfaces was higher by about one order of magnitude than the roughness of metal and ceramic components. The Protasul metal head had the least rough surface (0.003  m). 2) The ceramic-on-ceramic couples had the lowest clearance. Bearing couples with @entity691 acetabular liners had markedly higher clearances ranging from 150  m to 545  m. A clearance increased with large femoral heads (up to 4-fold in one of the couple tested). 3) The friction coefficient was related to the combination of materials; it was lowest in ceramic-on-ceramic surfaces (0.11 to 0.12) and then in ceramic-on- @entity691 implants (0.13 to 0.14). The friction coefficient is supposed to increase with a decreasing femoral head diameter. However, in the bearing couples with @entity691 liners manufactured by one company, paradoxically, the friction coefficient slightly increased with an increase in femoral head size from 28 mm to 36 mm. 4) The lowest friction moment (< 3.5 Nm) was found for ceramic-on-ceramic implants 28 mm in diameter; the highest values were recorded in metal-on- @entity691 bearing couples 36 mm in diameter (> 7 Nm). DISCUSSION Although our study confirmed that the bearing couples produced by different manufacturers varied to some extent in the parameters studied, in our opinion, this variability was not significant because it was not within an order of magnitude in any of the tests. CONCLUSIONS The study showed that both the friction coefficient and the friction moment are affected more by the combination of materials than by the diameter of a femoral head. The best results were achieved in ceramic-on-ceramic implants. Key words: @entity572 , bearing surfaces, wear, friction coefficient, friction moment, clearance.

title: [Determination of a Friction Coefficient for XXXX Bearing Couples].

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['THA', 'total hip arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic loosening']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['THA']


abstract: A 66-year-old @entity1 developed paresthesia of the distal parts of the bilateral lower limbs a week after his upper @entity1729 , followed by the weakness with the legs and paresthesia with the lip area, tongue and finger tips. Those symptoms gradually became worse to the point that he was unable to walk 10 days later. Although @entity2118 , @entity4 , and lymph node swelling were not found, we made a diagnosis of @entity7555 ( @entity7555 ) because of clinical features of @entity305 , @entity12587 , @entity854 , elevated plasma level of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity8709 in his abdomen. Following intravenous immunoglobulin therapy (IVIg), he showed marked improvement. However, his neurologic symptoms deteriorated acutely just after open biopsy together with the elevation of @entity7 level, and a few days later he was in the state of flaccid @entity1688 . We tried IVIg therapy again and his neurologic symptoms were markedly improved. We speculated that an elevated @entity7 , released from plasma cells induced by the bioprocedure, might have caused an increase in microvascular permeability and affected the blood-nerve-barrier, thereby his neurologic symptoms deteriorated. It is thought that this case may support the hypothesis that a significant role is played by @entity7 in the pathomechanism of the development of @entity7555 . Additionally we experienced that IVIg was very effective to the neurologic symptoms, and we think that IVIg will be able to be one of the future therapy of the @entity7555 . To our knowledge, there has been no report of @entity7555 which manifested acute deterioration of his neurologic symptoms just after open biopsy with acute onset with @entity5011 like symptoms.

title: [A case of XXXX with @entity8709 : marked clinical deterioration following a biopsy to plasmacytoma].

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['quadriparesis']

entities_list: @entity12587 :: ('MESH:D017099', 'Disease') :: ['IgG-lambda type M proteinemia']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['endocrinological abnormality']

entities_list: @entity7555 :: ('MESH:D016878', 'Disease') :: ['Crow-Fukase syndrome', 'CFS']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['skin pigmentation']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['Guillain-Barr   syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8709 :: ('MESH:C537514', 'Disease') :: ['extramedullary plasmacytoma']

answer: @entity7555 :: (MESH:D016878,Disease) :: ['Crow-Fukase syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The timing of antipsychotic discontinuation in @entity1 who have fully recovered from their initial episode of @entity716 is still open to discussion. We aimed to evaluate the risk of symptom recurrence during the 3 years after antipsychotic discontinuation in a sample of functionally recovered first-episode nonaffective @entity716 (FEP) @entity1 (DSM-IV criteria) with @entity161 spectrum disorder. METHOD: @entity1 in this open-label, nonrandomized, prospective study were drawn from an ongoing longitudinal intervention program of FEP from a university hospital setting in Spain. From July 2004 to February 2011, functionally recovered FEP individuals were eligible if they met the inclusion criteria of (1) a minimum of 18 months on antipsychotic treatment, (2) clinical remission for at least 12 months, (3) functional recovery for at least 6 months, and (4) stabilization at the lowest effective doses for at least 3 months. Forty-six individuals who were willing to discontinue medication were included in the discontinuation group (target group). Twenty-two individuals opted to stay on the prescribed antipsychotic medication and therefore were included in the maintenance group (control group). Primary outcome measures were relapse rate at 18 and 36 months and time to relapse. RESULTS: The rates of relapse over the 3-year period were 67.4% (31 of 46) in the discontinuation group and 31.8% (7 of 22) in the maintenance group. The mean time to relapse was 209 (median = 122) days and 608 (median = 607) days, respectively (log rank = 10.106, P = .001). The resumption of antipsychotic medication after the relapse occurred was associated with clinical stability and lack of further relapses. When the overall group of relapsed individuals from the 2 conditions (N = 38) was compared to those who remained asymptomatic after 3 years (N = 30), there were significant differences (P < .05) in total scores on the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, the Clinical Global Impressions scale, and the Disability Assessment Schedule. CONCLUSIONS: Antipsychotic treatment discontinuation in individuals who had accomplished a functional recovery after a single @entity716 was associated with a high risk of symptom recurrence. Relapsed individuals had a greater severity of symptoms and lower functional status after 3 years. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02220504.

title: Clinical outcome after antipsychotic treatment discontinuation in functionally recovered first-episode nonaffective XXXX individuals: a 3-year naturalistic follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic episode', 'psychosis']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcome of using a hyoid osteomuscular flap to repair the laryngeal defect after extended vertical partial laryngectomy. A total of 26 glottic @entity5 @entity1 underwent reconstruction with osteomuscular hyoid flaps following @entity5 resections. Ipsilateral arytenoid cartilage was resected in all cases, and the upper region of the cricoid cartilage was resected in 11 cases. Selective ipsilateral level II, III and IV neck dissections were performed in node (N)-positive @entity1 and ipsilateral level II, and III neck dissections in N0 @entity1 . The bone grafts were then fixed to the cricoid and contralateral thyroid cartilages. Invasion of the thyroid cartilage endochorium was present in 12 cases and lymph nodes metastases was present in 11 cases. The extubation rate of the tracheostomy tube was 100%. The glottides of all @entity1 were almost symmetrical. @entity1 were followed up for 2-7 years. One @entity1 developed local recurrence, ipsilateral regional recurrence, contralateral regional recurrence and lung metastasis, respectively. The disease-free survival rates at 3 and 5 years were 100% (20/20) and 79% (11/14), respectively. Overall, laryngeal function recovered well upon hyoid osteomuscular flap reconstruction following extended vertical partial laryngectomy, with a high extubation rate and good sound quality.

title: Laryngeal function reconstruction with hyoid osteomuscular flap in partial laryngectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['laryngeal cancer']


abstract: The suggested methods of the formation of intubation @entity738 as well as @entity189 in the area of posterior vocal ligament insertion have been controversial. One reason for divergent opinions is possibly based on different judgements of morphology in this region. The present study analyzed structures of the vocal ligament and vocalis muscle insertion at the vocal process by means of histological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic methods. Investigations were performed in three planes on the vocal cords of 22 @entity1 and 19 @entity1 (aged 21-97 years). Inside the insertion zone of the vocal ligament at the vocal process three structures could be distinguished: hyaline cartilage at the base of arytenoid cartilage, elastic cartilage at its apex and the posterior elastic nodule in front of them. No perichondrium could be seen around the elastic nodule. In elastic nodules type I and type III collagen fibrils as well as elastic fibers formed a scissor-like meshwork around large fibroblasts. The vocalis muscle inserted at the perichondrium in the lateral part of the arytenoid skeleton by short tendons. At the insertion zone blood vessels of the vocalis muscle penetrated the perichondrium and reached the cartilaginous matrix. At the beginning of osteogenesis, the blood vessels connected with intraosseous blood vessels of the arytenoid. Connective tissue cells of the insertion zone and extracellular matrix components formed by these cells fulfilled a biomechanical function by equalizing the different elastic moduli of tendon, cartilage or bone. The lack of perichondrium around the lengthened posterior elastic nodule made formation of intubation @entity738 caused by @entity9257 in this area impossible. Loosened perichondrium or periosteum in the area of the insertion of the vocalis muscle at the vocal process, ossification and associated vascularization of the arytenoid skeleton permitted invasion of @entity189 into the arytenoid.

title: Functional and clinical anatomy of the posterior insertion of the XXXX vocal ligament.

entities_list: @entity9257 :: ('MESH:D007818', 'Disease') :: ['perichondritis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma invasion']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas', 'granuloma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The effects of stimulating the intramural nerves on the membrane potential and tension in the uterine artery of virgin @entity840 were compared with the responses during pregnancy. In all tissues the amplitude of the excitatory junction potential (EJP) increased as the stimulus voltage was increased. The rate of increase in EJP amplitude in tissues from virgin animals greatly exceeded that recorded in late pregnant tissues. EJPs were abolished by @entity1022 but were resistant to blockade by alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists. Stimulation of the nerves also evoked a slow depolarization and contraction which were abolished by both @entity1022 and alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists. The amplitudes of the depolarizations and contractions were not correlated. The role of EJPs and alpha-adrenoceptor activation in the control of vascular function is discussed. Fluorescence histochemistry revealed a decrease in the density of the @entity2922 innervation that was correlated with a decrease in @entity2922 content as pregnancy progressed. In addition, there appeared to be a difference in the arrangement of the fluorescent varicosities, with a shift from varicosities that were close to the outer layer of smooth muscle in virgin tissues to those that were more distantly dispersed in the adventitia during late pregnancy. The changes would be expected to reduce the effectiveness of vasoconstrictor drive to the uterine artery as pregnancy progresses.

title: Pregnancy-induced decrease in evoked excitatory junction potentials in XXXX uterine artery.

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: The histopathology of the muscularis propria (MP) is unknown in @entity1 with @entity1318 . Endocytoscopy (EC) was developed as an ultra-high magnification endoscopy, and the submucosal tunnel created during peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) not only provides access to the MP but also enables subsequent endoscopic assessment of the MP. @entity1 and methods: In seven @entity1 with @entity1318 (mean  SD; 35  18.1 years; @entity1 : @entity1 , 4:3) who underwent POEM (myotomy length: 12  2.2cm), subsequent EC examination was performed from the mid-esophagus to the gastric side. EC images were compared to the results of histopathologic examination (two biopsies from the mid-esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter), which was the standard. Results: In all @entity1 , favorable EC images were obtained, and spindle-shaped smooth muscle cells were detected. In our series, we observed no notable features such as @entity194 or @entity1184 of smooth muscle cells. In addition, the EC assessment was consistent with the results of biopsy. No complications were encountered during any of the procedures. Conclusion: In a clinical setting, real-time assessment of the MP using EC is feasible. This technique may play an important role in determining the pathology of @entity1318 and other diseases that affect gastrointestinal function.

title: In vivo histopathological assessment of the muscularis propria in XXXX by using endocytoscopy (with video).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['achalasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reliable risk scoring systems that can predict the severity of @entity453 are necessary to implement effective management strategies in high risk @entity1 . @entity731 and with @entity65 and mortality risk are @entity1 who would benefit most from a change in @entity1 with high risk factors. Framingham Risk Score, the Prospective Cardiovascular M  nster score and Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation risk scores are used for this purpose. The severity of the @entity453 as detected by coronary angiography can be estimated using the syntax score. In this study, it's aimed to assess the relation between syntax score and the Framingham, Prospective Cardiovascular M  nster and Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation scores in the context of their utility for the determination of the severity of the @entity453 . METHODS: A total of 205 @entity1 with documented @entity453 who underwent coronary angiography due to a diagnosis of @entity5749 were included in this study. Coronary risk scores were determined for each @entity1 . The relation between the syntax score and the results of coronary risk scoring systems were analyzed. RESULTS: A positive relation between the syntax score, which reflects the severity of the @entity453 and coronary risk scores was found. However, Framingham and Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation were superior, ie, had more predictive value, in terms of their ability to predict the syntax score (p = 0.029, 0.033 and 0.002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Examination of the distribution of syntax score across low, intermediate and high risk groups showed a significantly higher predictive value of Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation for high risk @entity1 (p=0.005).

title: Comparison of coronary risk scoring systems to predict the severity of XXXX using the SYNTAX score.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerotic vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['stable angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: Studies have demonstrated that hyperhomocyst(e)inemia is present in renal transplant recipients and is correlated with @entity65 . It is still unclear whether hyperhomocyst(e)inemia observed in renal transplant recipients solely depends on the moderate reduction of renal function in these @entity1 or if additional mechanisms are operative in this @entity1 category. A recent study suggested that @entity205 (CsA) increased plasma homocyst(e)ine concentration in interfering with @entity1501 -assisted remethylation of @entity1255 . To confirm this hypothesis, we studied plasma homocyst(e)ine @entity1501 and @entity2186 concentrations in 122 renal transplant recipients (104 on CsA and 18 not receiving CsA). After adjusting for age, gender, transplant duration and serum @entity1011 concentration, @entity1 with and without CsA had similar plasma homocyst(e)ine concentrations (17.9 +/- 6.1 mumol/l in CsA(+) @entity1 vs 17.1 +/- 5.6 mumol/l in CsA(-) @entity1 ; p = 0.3). Moreover, we found a significant inverse relationship between plasma homocyst(e)ine and @entity1501 concentrations in both CsA(+) (r = 0.218; p < 0.01) and @entity870 (r = -0.678; p < 0.05) @entity1 . @entity1 with a past history of cardiovascular incidents had higher plasma homocyst(e)ine concentrations than those without cardiovascular antecedent (20.5 +/- 7.8 mumol/l vs. 18.01 +/- 9.9 mumol/l; p < 0.05. To conclude: 1, We did not find any influence of CsA on plasma homocyst(e)ine concentrations. 2. We demonstrated that as in other @entity1 category, plasma @entity1501 and homocyst(e)ine concentrations are significantly correlated in CsA(+) @entity1 . 3. Homocyst(e)ine-lowering therapy would be prescribed in CsA(+) @entity1 to allow correction of hyperhomocyst(e)inemia.

title: Hyperhomocyst(e)inemia in renal transplant recipients with and without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid', 'folate']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity2186 :: ('MESH:D014805', 'Chemical') :: ['cobalamin']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: AIM: @entity99 ( @entity99 ) is often responsible for @entity879 , drug withdrawal, boxed warnings or drug non-approval. Therefore, we conducted a case-control study to determine the hepatotoxic risk of a wide range of drugs. METHODS: The Berlin Case-Control Surveillance Study FAKOS included all 51 Berlin hospitals in a hospital network. Between 2002 and 2011, 198 @entity1 with acute idiopathic @entity99 , 377 inpatient controls and 708 outpatient controls were ascertained. Case @entity1 were thoroughly validated using anamnestic, clinical, laboratory, and histological data. Drug exposure was obtained in a face-to-face interview. A possible drug aetiology was assessed in individual @entity1 by applying the updated Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) scale. Drug risks were further quantified [odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI)] in a case-control design with unconditional logistic regression analysis. Drug intake in the last 28 days before index date was considered for the analysis. RESULTS: The study corroborated hepatotoxic risks for a number of drugs, including phenprocoumon (OR: 3.3, 95%CI: 1.5-6.7), @entity2643 (OR: 5.5, 95%CI: 1.3-21.2), @entity1088 (OR: 34.6, 95%CI: 2.8-824.9), and @entity29588 (OR: 40.2, 95%CI: 5.5-856.9). Increased risks were also suggested for less commonly reported substances such as angiotensin II-receptor blockers, atypical antipsychotics and for biperiden, a drug never before reported to be hepatotoxic. CONCLUSIONS: Our study identified a large number of drugs as possible causes of hepatotoxicity. The observed risk for seldom reported substances highlights the need for further postauthorisation safety studies not exclusively focussing on drugs already labelled as potentially hepatotoxic.

title: XXXX : results from the hospital-based Berlin Case-Control Surveillance Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute liver failure']

entities_list: @entity29588 :: ('MESH:C034161', 'Chemical') :: ['flupirtine']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Drug-induced liver injury', 'hepatitis', 'DILI']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['Drug-induced liver injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Various measures/scales have been used to assess oral health-related quality of life in @entity1 with @entity2956 ( @entity2956 ). However, there have been few reports on the validity of questionnaires, and even fewer assessments of their use in Japanese sociocultural conditions. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were: (i) to develop and refine the number of questions concerning @entity158 -related limitations of daily function in the @entity9321 questionnaire (LDF-TMDQ, 13 items) in Japanese @entity1 with @entity9321 , (ii) to assess factor validity, and (iii) to determine convergent and discriminant validity of the LDF-TMDQ with the observed items within a multidimensional questionnaire. METHODS: Four hundred and fifty-six (85.9%) outpatients with @entity9321 were enrolled. The subjects were allocated into two roughly equal groups--E-group (233) for exploratory factor analysis and C-group (223) for confirmatory factor analysis [ @entity2383 ( @entity2383 )]. RESULTS: The exploratory factor analysis extracted 10 items and three factors. @entity2383 showed the revised model to accurately describe the relationships between the measured items. As to convergent validity, the factor 'limitation in executing a certain task' and 'limitation of mouth opening' showed significant correlations with the observed items within the multi-dimensional questionnaire. However, the factor 'limitation of sleeping', show no correlation with any item. As to discriminant validity, all three factors had correlation coefficients below 0.4 with the psychological scale, the personality scale, and the visual analog scale for @entity158 intensity. CONCLUSION: The LDF-TMDQ was reduced from 13 items to 10. The factor validity of the LDF-TMDQ, and the construct validity of 'limitation in executing a certain task' and 'limitation of mouth opening' were confirmed, while that of 'limitation of sleeping' remains to be determined.

title: Development of a new questionnaire to assess XXXX -related limitations of daily functions in Japanese @entity1 with @entity2956 .

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['temporomandibular disorders', 'TMDs']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['structural equation modeling', 'SEM']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early detection of @entity39 has a major impact on further management and outcome in acute @entity788 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical value of ultrasonographically guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in @entity1 with @entity788 over an 8-year period. METHODS: From January 1988 to September 1996 193 (mean 2.0 (range 1-9) @entity1173 per @entity1 ) prospectively assessed FNACs guided ultrasonographically were performed in 98 @entity1 with @entity788 proven by contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Aspirates were considered infected if either Gram stain and/or culture revealed micro-organisms. RESULTS: Ultrasonographically guided FNAC correctly diagnosed infection in 29 of 33 @entity1 with infected @entity39 a median of 13 days after onset of symptoms. Of 61 @entity1 with sterile @entity39 55 were identified correctly as sterile by FNAC. There were six false-positive and four false-negative aspirates of which nine occurred during the first week of the disease. In four @entity1 who did not undergo operation FNAC revealed Gram-negative organisms; however, in the absence of repeated @entity1173 , the positive results remained unconfirmed. An overall sensitivity of 88 per cent and a specificity of 90 per cent was obtained. No difference was found in biochemical and clinical parameters indicating @entity1850 before each FNAC between @entity1 with proven sterile or infected @entity39 . All @entity1 tolerated the procedure well and no major complications were observed. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonographically guided FNAC is a fast and reliable technique for the diagnosis of infected @entity39 . As complication rates are very low, the procedure can be repeated at short intervals to improve the diagnostic accuracy. Ultrasonographically guided FNAC is recommended for all @entity1 with @entity788 in whom @entity1850 persists beyond the first week after onset of symptoms.

title: Role of ultrasonographically guided fine-needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'necrotizing pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'infected pancreatic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspirations']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['infected pancreatic necrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess 12-month changes in nutritional status and quality of life (QoL) in @entity785 ( @entity785 ) @entity1 requiring @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ). METHOD: We conducted a retrospective, single-centre database analysis of @entity785 @entity1 regarding a 12-month period of @entity3147 at an interdisciplinary University Unit/team for nutrition and @entity627 . Nutritional status was analysed by nutritional risk screening (NRS) and body mass index (BMI). QoL was evaluated using Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaires. RESULTS: Between 2008 and 2013, daily nocturnal @entity3147 was initiated in five consecutive @entity785 @entity1 (four females and one male, mean age 62.2  years) suffering severe @entity3147 due to gastrointestinal tract (GIT) involvement. After 12  months of @entity3147 , the mean NRS score decreased from 4.4 (range 4-5) to 1.4 (range 1-2), the mean BMI increased from 19.1 (range 17.4-20.3) to 21.0  kg/m(2) (range 18.3-23.4). QoL improved in all @entity1 , reflected by the summary of physical components with 33.92 points before vs. 67.72 points after 12  months of @entity3147 , and the summary of mental components with 49.66 points before vs. 89.27 points after 12  months of @entity3147 . Two @entity1 suffered one @entity1212 each with subsequent surgical removal and reinsertion. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3147 is a feasible method for improving anthropometric parameters and QoL in @entity785 @entity1 severely affected by @entity344 . We recommend @entity3147 in malnourished, catabolic @entity785 @entity1 unable to otherwise maintain or improve their nutritional status.

title: Home parenteral nutrition is beneficial in @entity785 @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1212 :: ('MESH:D055499', 'Disease') :: ['catheter-related infection']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GIT dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition', 'HPN', 'home parenteral nutrition']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare two treatment strategies in @entity1 undergoing surgery for @entity1204 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Tertiary care center. POPULATION: A total of 1166 @entity1 . Uterine biopsy/curettage was obtained in 1140 @entity1 , of whom 229 also had pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: We compared two strategies: 1) routine pelvic lymphadenectomy, 2) selective pelvic lymphadenectomy for @entity1 with @entity189 according to preoperative histology and MRI. High-risk @entity189 included grade 1-2 @entity4348 with >= 50% myometrial invasion, grade 3 @entity4348 , and @entity189 . Others were considered @entity189 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Diagnostic indices, treatment algorithms. RESULTS: Of the @entity1 who underwent lymphadenectomy, positive pelvic nodes were found in 2.3% of @entity189 and 18.3% of @entity189 . The combination of preoperative histology and MRI detected @entity189 with a sensitivity of 85.7%, specificity of 75.0%, positive predictive value of 74.4%, and negative predictive value of 86.1%. Area under curve was 0.804. In the routine lymphadenectomy algorithm, 54.1% of lymphadenectomies were performed for @entity189 . In the selective lymphadenectomy algorithm, 14.3% of @entity1 with @entity189 did not receive lymphadenectomy. Missed positive pelvic nodes were estimated to occur in 2.1% of @entity1 in the selective strategy. Similarly, the estimated risk for isolated para-aortic @entity3 was 2.1%, regardless of treatment strategy. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of preoperative histology and MRI is moderately sensitive and specific in detecting high-risk @entity1204 . The clinical utility of the method is hampered by the relatively high proportion of high-risk cases that remain unrecognized preoperatively. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Combined use of endometrial sample and magnetic resonance imaging in the preoperative risk-stratification of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'endometrial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['low-risk carcinomas', 'carcinomas', 'high-risk carcinomas', 'nonendometrioid carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid carcinomas']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial carcinomas']


abstract: 1. The antagonism at alpha-adrenoceptors by @entity9005 and @entity5521 of the response to @entity1063 was investigated in the limb veins and arteries of @entity1 .2. Brachial artery infusions of @entity9005 (40 mug/min) produced rises in resting arterial flow of up to 100%. When infused mixed with @entity1063 , @entity9005 (40 mug/min) attenuated the blood flow response to @entity1063 . Blockade was of a similar degree to that which occurred following a 10 min infusion of @entity5521 (40 mug/min).3. Local intravenous infusion of @entity9005 (400-2,000 ng/min) mixed with @entity1063 attenuated the venoconstrictor response to @entity1063 . The degree of attenuation was similar to that seen after a 10 min infusion of @entity5521 (500 ng/min). Blockade after @entity9005 did not last longer than 16 minutes. Neither @entity9005 nor @entity5521 altered resting venous compliance.4. Local intravenous infusions of @entity9005 (500 ng/min) and @entity5521 (500 ng/min) abolished the sympathetically mediated venoconstriction produced by overbreathing.5. Systemic injection of @entity9005 (0.1 mg/kg) did not block the reduction in forearm arterial flow produced by locally infused @entity1063 . In two out of three experiments, however, it produced some antagonism of @entity1063 induced venoconstriction. Systemic @entity5521 (5 mg) blocked the effect of @entity1063 in the arterial bed, but antagonized its actions in the veins in only one out of three experiments.

title: Comparison of blockade at alpha-adrenoceptors by @entity9005 and XXXX in peripheral arteries and veins of @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity9005 :: ('MESH:D013948', 'Chemical') :: ['thymoxamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

answer: @entity5521 :: (MESH:D010646,Chemical) :: ['phentolamine']


abstract: Although @entity7726 (SAMe) has beneficial effects in many @entity99 , the effects of SAMe on acute @entity167 -induced @entity99 are unknown. In the present study, we investigated effects of SAMe on @entity99 in @entity19 induced by acute @entity167 administration. Male C57BL/6 @entity19 received @entity1068 (5 g/kg BW) by gavage every 12 hrs for a total of 3 doses. SAMe (5 mg/kg BW) was administrated i.p. once a day for three days before @entity1068 administration. Subsequent serum @entity5682 level, hepatic lipid peroxidation, enzymatic activity of @entity9603 and hepatic mitochondrial @entity2041 levels were measured colorimetrically. Intracellular SAMe concentration was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Histopathological changes were assessed by H_E staining. Our results showed that acute @entity1068 administration caused prominent @entity1560 with mild @entity39 and an elevation of serum @entity5682 activity. SAMe treatment significantly attenuated the @entity99 . In association with the hepatocyte injury, acute @entity167 administration induced significant @entity99 and mitochondrial @entity2197 levels along with enhanced lipid peroxidation. SAMe treatment attenuated hepatic SAMe and mitochondrial @entity2197 depletion and lipid peroxidation following acute @entity167 exposure. These results demonstrate that SAMe protects against the @entity99 and attenuates the mitochondrial @entity2197 depletion caused by acute @entity167 administration. SAMe may prove to be an effective therapeutic agent in many toxin-induced @entity99 including those induced by @entity167 .

title: @entity7726 (SAMe) protects against acute @entity167 induced hepatotoxicity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['microvesicular steatosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity7726 :: ('MESH:D012436', 'Chemical') :: ['S-Adenosylmethionine']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['decreases in both hepatic SAMe', 'liver injuries', 'hepatic disorders', 'liver injury']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Background. @entity6 results from autoimmune destruction of b-cells. Insulin-producing cells (IPCs) differentiated from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in @entity1 tissues decrease blood @entity413 levels and improve survival in @entity6 @entity35 . We compared the differential ability and the curative effect of IPCs from three types of @entity1 tissue to determine the ideal source of cell therapy for @entity6 . Methods. We induced MSCs from Wharton's jelly (WJ), bone marrow (BM), and surgically resected pancreatic tissue to differentiate into IPCs. The in vitro differential function of these IPCs was compared by insulin-to-DNA ratios and C-peptide levels after @entity413 challenge. In vivo curative effects of IPCs transplanted into @entity6 @entity35 were monitored by weekly blood @entity413 measurement. Results. WJ-MSCs showed better proliferation and differentiation potential than pancreatic MSCs and BM-MSCs. In vivo, WJ-IPCs significantly reduced blood @entity413 levels at first week after transplantation and maintained significant decrease till week 8. BM-IPCs reduced blood @entity413 levels at first week but gradually increased since week 3. In resected pancreas-IPCs group, blood @entity413 levels were significantly reduced till two weeks after transplantation and gradually increased since week 4. Conclusion. WJ-MSCs are the most promising stem cell source for b-cell regeneration in @entity6 treatment.

title: Comparisons of Differentiation Potential in XXXX Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Wharton's Jelly, Bone Marrow, and Pancreatic Tissues.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'Type 1 diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 61 Background: @entity0 survivor numbers are increasing due to population aging and improved treatment outcomes but many of their long-term health care needs are unmet. Integrated follow-up care strategies that enhance care coordination, education, and access to survivorship resources are needed to provide @entity1 with evidence-based care that addresses medical and psychosocial needs after @entity5 treatment. METHODS: In 2008, we established the Johns Hopkins @entity0 Survivorship Program with representation from the Schools of Nursing, Public Health, and Medicine to address the needs of @entity1 completing initial @entity5 treatment and transitioning to long-term follow-up. @entity1 educational resources were created within an interactive website ( http://bit.ly/hZfzFi ) including > 35 @entity1 /provider educational video clips, blogs and social media. Activities including provider educational events, educational folders, and trainee curriculum additions have been ongoing. Starting May 2011, Hopkins @entity1 were offered a one-time transition visit with a nurse practitioner focusing on individualized treatment summary/survivorship care plan activities (e.g., @entity5 screening/surveillance, medical intervention, psychosocial support, and care coordination with non- @entity5 providers). RESULTS: Our website is averaging 3,000 hits monthly. We have participated in 22 provider/trainee formal educational presentations. In the pilot phase of these transition visits (n=40), age/race breakdown of @entity1 were representative of our @entity0 population (median age 51, range 34-69; 17% African Americans). Our post-visit survey (n=37), 97% found the survivorship visit beneficial and all reported that this one-time consultation helped with transitioning away from treatment. CONCLUSIONS: A multidisciplinary @entity1 -centered approach to @entity0 survivorship allowed us to develop comprehensive clinical and educational service models to benefit @entity1 and their @entity5 /non- @entity5 providers. This program aims to enhance education, overcome the fragmentation of the health care system, and improve overall health and wellness of @entity0 survivors as they transition to long-term survivorship.

title: Making it work: XXXX survivorship care at Johns Hopkins.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer', 'Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the efficacy and safety of subconjunctival @entity2995 injections in the treatment of @entity1103 ( @entity1103 ). METHODS: A retrospective case series study. The clinical data of @entity1596 @entity1 with @entity1103 were collected and analyzed at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from July 2009 to June 2014 with a minimum follow-up period of 6 months. The main outcome was @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ) measured by optical coherence tomography at the 1st and the 3rd month after injection. The secondary outcomes included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at the 1st and the 3rd month, recurrence rate and intraocular pressure (IOP) within 6 months after injection. RESULTS: Thirty two @entity1 (37 eyes) were included in the study. At the 1st month after the first injection, 24 of the 37 eyes (64.9%) showed an obvious reduction of @entity1020 (at least 20%), among them 15 eyes (40.5%) showed a total resolution. The mean @entity1020 decreased from (498.9    211.9)   m at baseline to (392.4    232.3)   m (t = -4.070, P < 0.01). The BCVA improved in 20 eyes (54.1%) and 15 eyes (40.5%) gained more than 0.2 log MAR unit. The mean BCVA increased from logMAR, 0.45    0.29 at baseline to logMAR, 0.33    0.30 (t = -4.835, P < 0.01). No statistically significant difference was found in mean @entity1020 or BCVA in 23 eyes between the 1st and the 3rd month after injection. These eyes didn't receive any additional medications for improvement of the condition. Seven eyes (30.4%, 7/23) got a second injection because of relapse within 6 months after the first injection and the efficacy was good. The elevation of IOP over 21 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) were observed in 9 eyes and 3 eyes after the first and the second injection respectively. All of them were well controlled by either topical IOP lowering drugs or removal of the subconjunctival TA deposition. CONCLUSION: Subconjunctival injection of @entity2995 is an effective and safe method for @entity1103 .

title: [The efficacy and safety of subconjunctival XXXX injections in treatment of @entity1103 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['UME', 'macular edema', 'uveitic macular edema']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['CMT', 'central macular thickness']

answer: @entity2995 :: (MESH:D014222,Chemical) :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']


abstract: In order to evaluate a structured support intervention programme, symptoms and quality of life (QOL) were studied in 61 consecutive @entity5 @entity1 with different @entity5 diagnoses in relation to intervention and follow-up. The majority of the @entity1 were female. The Edmonton symptom assessment scale (ESAS), the @entity1295 and the hospital @entity148 and @entity308 scale (HADS) were used. Data were analysed according to ANOVA and Tukey's @entity10479 ( @entity10479 ) test. ESAS sickness score (P=0.0001), @entity308 (P=0.0001), @entity148 (P=0.0001) and QOL (P=0.0009) improved and the improvements in @entity308 and @entity148 were still significant after 3 months (P=0.02 respectively). Aspects of @entity1295 also improved significantly in 7 of 11 questions after the intervention (P< or =0.04) but these improvements were not observed after 3 months. @entity148 according to the HADS questionnaire improved significantly after the intervention (P=0.0006). The majority of the @entity1 highly appreciated the possibility of sharing thoughts and troubles with others with similar experiences (59%). The programme was therefore found to improve QOL, and physical and psychological functions. Randomized studies in relation to immunological changes and follow-up are in progress.

title: Support group for XXXX @entity1 . Does it improve their physical and psychological wellbeing? A pilot study.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity10479 :: ('MESH:D065309', 'Disease') :: ['HSD', 'honest significant difference']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ['Norwegian fatigue questionnaire', 'fatigue']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional and prospective study of @entity3604 . OBJECTIVES: To investigate the correlation between @entity455 or history of @entity65 , back function, @entity170 , and @entity174 . BACKGROUND: It has been postulated that @entity731 may compromise blood flow to bone and soft tissues in the back, causing @entity158 and disability. Recent studies have presented conflicting results. METHODS: At baseline, information on back @entity158 and function, general functional status, cardiovascular history, and general lifestyle variables was obtained from 1492 elderly white @entity1 (mean age, 71 years) enrolled in the Study of @entity3604 . Lateral radiographs of the lumbar and thoracic spine were obtained, and @entity455 was assessed. Follow-up information was obtained an average of 3.7 years later. RESULTS: At baseline, 82 @entity1 had @entity455 , 443 had a history of @entity65 , and 277 had @entity174 ; 58 @entity1 had one or more additional @entity174 during the follow-up period. After adjustment for age, @entity1 with @entity65 were more likely to have back @entity158 and disability as a result of the back @entity158 than @entity1 free of @entity65 ; at the follow-up examination, the back-related disability was more than twice as likely to have worsened in the @entity65 group. No correlation was found between @entity455 . Neither the prevalence of @entity174 at baseline, nor the incidence of @entity174 was associated with the presence of @entity455 or @entity65 . CONCLUSIONS: Results indicated that back problems in elderly @entity1 are associated with self-reported @entity65 , but not with objectively assessed @entity455 .

title: Back problems and @entity731 . The Study of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fractures', 'Osteoporotic Fractures']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease', 'lower extremity arterial disease', 'arterial disease and back problems']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral fractures']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular disease and back pain']

answer: @entity3604 :: (MESH:D058866,Disease) :: ['Osteoporotic Fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: More than 1 million @entity1 live, play, and work on farms, surrounded by animals and machinery. This symbiotic relationship between work and home exposes @entity1 to unique risks. METHODS: @entity1 presenting with a farm-related injury (November 1994 to August 2001, 82 months) were included. @entity130 registry parameters included @entity130 score (ISS); Glascow @entity772 Scale (GCS); time to presentation; season and day of @entity130 , intensive care unit, and total length of stay type; and mechanism of injury; and operations. RESULTS: A total of 1,832 pediatric @entity130 @entity1 were evaluated. Ninety-four @entity1 were identified with farm-related @entity130 . Mean age was 10.75 years. Mean ISS was 7.38. Three @entity1 died. Four @entity1 wore protective equipment. Forty-four percent of @entity130 occurred during summer, 31% during spring, and 55% on weekends. Average time to initial presentation was 39 minutes. A total of 177 minutes elapsed before transfer to regional @entity130 center. Seventy-two @entity1 required admission. LOS was 0 to 28 days, mean, 2.76 days. Twenty-six @entity1 (28%) required operations. Injuries included dislocations/ @entity174 (52%), lacerations/ @entity155 (38%), concussions (31%), contusions (30%), and burns (14%). Mechanism included animals (41%), falls (34%), motor vehicles (28%), all-terrain vehicles (20%), and firearms (4%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity130 occur most commonly during weekends, summer, and spring months, resulting in significant morbidity. Most @entity130 required hospitalization. Unless unstable, initial transfer to a regional pediatric @entity130 center should result in the most cost-effective, prompt, and highest quality of care.

title: Life on the farm- XXXX at risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsions']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury; emergency room', 'injuries', 'Farm injuries', 'Trauma', 'trauma', 'injury severity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been proposed as a possible alternative to electroconvulsive therapy for the treatment of selected @entity1 with @entity308 , @entity162 and @entity161 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the evidence for the effectiveness of rTMS in @entity1316 and @entity161 . METHODS: Studies were identified using MEDLINE (1966 to January 2000), EMBASE/Excerpta Medica (1980 to January 2000), Biological Abstracts and Index to Scientific and Technical Proceedings. A number of biomedical and TMS related websites were also searched. We estimated the number needed to treat to show beneficial effect of rTMS when compared with the placebo controlled group. RESULTS: Seven controlled trials of rTMS @entity308 were identified. Five of these were suitable for meta-analysis and show a beneficial effect of rTMS compared to placebo, with a number needed to treat of 2-3 with a 95 % confidence interval 1.6 to 4.0, total; 81 @entity1 . A single trial of rTMS has also been performed in @entity162 , which shows a beneficial effect of right hemisphere stimulation when compared with left hemisphere stimulation. A controlled trial in @entity161 failed to show any benefit of rTMS. DISCUSSION: rTMS has demonstrable beneficial effects in @entity308 . The extent and the duration of the anti-depressant effect of rTMS has yet to be defined. There now needs to be randomized controlled trials to compare rTMS directly with standardized electroconvulsive therapy in order to take this subject forward. With regard to the treatment of other @entity1316 and @entity161 , we are at an early stage in the assessment of further studies that are needed to examine any potential role for rTMS.

title: Transcranial magnetic stimulation for XXXX and other psychiatric disorders.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar affective disorder', 'mania']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: 1. The detergent @entity6000 activates @entity858 glucuronyltransferase from @entity35 liver in vitro six- to seven-fold with @entity11921 as substrate. The enzyme activity when measured in the presence of @entity6000 is increased significantly by pretreatment of male @entity35 with @entity109 for 4 days (90mg/kg each day intraperitoneally). If no @entity6000 is applied in vitro such an increase could not be shown. In all further experiments the enzyme activity was measured after activation by @entity6000 . 2. The K(m) of the enzyme for the substrate @entity11921 does not change on @entity109 pretreatment. 3. When the microsomal fraction from the liver of untreated @entity35 is subfractionated on a @entity969 density gradient, 47% of the enzyme activity is recovered in the rough-surfaced microsomal fraction, which also has a higher specific activity than the smooth-surfaced fraction. 4. Of the increase in activity after the @entity109 pretreatment 50% occurs in the smooth-surfaced fraction, 19% in the rough-surfaced fraction and 31% in the fraction located between the smooth- and rough-surfaced microsomal fractions on the sucrose density gradient. 5. The latency of the enzyme in vitro, as shown by the effect of the detergent @entity6000 , is discussed in relation to the proposed heterogeneity of @entity858 glucuronyltransferase.

title: The effect of XXXX on the submicrosomal distribution of @entity858 glucuronyltransferase from @entity35 liver.

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity11921 :: ('MESH:C024836', 'Chemical') :: ['p-nitrophenol']

answer: @entity109 :: (MESH:D010634,Chemical) :: ['phenobarbital']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity294 is one of the most common diseases and is a leading cause of @entity204 in developing countries. This is often caused by contaminated food. Poor food hygiene standards are exacerbated by the presence of flies which can transmit a variety of infectious microorganisms, particularly through animal source foods. This fact becomes especially important in developing countries like Zambia, where fish is a highly valued source of protein. Our interest in this study was to identify if the flies that beset food markets in Zambia carry important pathogenic bacteria on their bodies, and subsequently if these bacteria carry resistance genes to commonly used antibiotics, which would indicate problems in eradicating these pathogens. The present study took into account fish vendors' and consumers' perception of flies and interest in interventions to reduce their numbers. We conducted semi-structured interviews with (1) traders (comprised of randomly selected males and females) and (2) consumers (including randomly selected males and females). Thereafter, we collected flies found on fish in markets in Mongu and Lusaka districts of Zambia. For the entire study, a total of 418 @entity238 samples were analyzed in the @entity2480 spp. and enteropathogenic @entity526 were isolated from the flies. Further laboratory screening revealed that overall, 17.2% (72/418) (95% CI; 43.2%-65.5%) of total samples analyzed contained @entity25323 (ESBL)-producing @entity526 . These significant findings call for a strengthening of the antibiotic administering policy in Zambia and the development of sustainable interventions to reduce @entity238 numbers in food markets and improve food safety and hygiene.

title: Antimicrobial Resistant Enteropathogenic XXXX and Salmonella spp. in Houseflies Infesting Fish in Food Markets in Zambia.

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['Diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity25323 :: ('13906541', 'Gene') :: ['Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase']

entities_list: @entity2480 :: ('MESH:D007757', 'Disease') :: ['laboratory and Salmonella']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: AIM: @entity8999 @entity8 (BKVN) is an important complication in kidney transplantation. After immunosuppressive agents are reduced, some @entity1 experience a temporal increase in serum @entity1011 (sCr) before viral clearance. The histological characteristics of re-biopsies were therefore investigated to evaluate the time course of remission. METHODS: sCr was measured and urinary cytology evaluated periodically in 14 @entity1 with biopsy-proven BKVN. Remission of BKVN was defined as re-biopsies negative for SV40 large T antigen (SV40-TAg) or for decoy cells on at least three consecutive cytology tests. Early changes in sCr were correlated with re-biopsy findings. RESULTS: Mean sCr was 1.6        0.6   mg/dL at diagnosis, increasing during the first 2 months to 2.6        2.0   mg/dL, and decreasing thereafter, to 2.3        1.2   mg/dL at 3-4 months. Two @entity1 who experienced further increases in sCr at 3 months showed early graft loss, while the others showed clinical or histological remission. Nineteen re-biopsies were obtained from eight @entity1 over 4 months. Banff i-scores were higher in re-biopsies obtained during the first 2 months than the index biopsies and re-biopsies at 2-4 months (P   =   0.02). SV40-TAg positivity was common in re-biopsies during the first 2 months (10/11 biopsies), but rarer at 2-4 months (2/8 biopsies, P   =   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity813 and increased @entity32 , called immune reconstitution, were observed at 2 months. Later sCr reversal is associated with remission.

title: Temporal serum @entity1011 increase and exacerbation of @entity32 during the first two months in resolving XXXX @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity8999 :: ('10629', 'Species') :: ['Polyomavirus BK']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity813 :: ('MESH:D055031', 'Disease') :: ['Temporal graft dysfunction']

answer: @entity8999 :: (10629,Species) :: ['polyomavirus BK']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Neuronal stress or injury results in the activation of proteins, which regulate the balance between survival and apoptosis. However, the complex mechanism of cell signaling involving cell death and survival, activated in response to cellular stress is not yet completely understood. To bring more clarity about these mechanisms, a Boolean network was constructed that represented the apoptotic pathway in neuronal cells. @entity9699 and @entity851 factor (NGF) were considered as inputs in the absence and presence of @entity1457 proteins known to shift the balance toward survival by rescuing pro-apoptotic cells. The probabilities of survival, DNA repair and apoptosis as cellular fates, in the presence of either the growth factor or @entity9699 , revealed a survival bias encoded in the network. Boolean predictions tested by measuring the mRNA level of @entity185 , @entity4699 , and @entity1380 in neuronal Neuro2a (N2a) cell line with NGF and @entity9699 as external input, showed positive correlation with the observed experimental results for survival and apoptotic states. It was observed that @entity187 contributed more toward rescuing cells from apoptosis in comparison to @entity23312 , @entity68339 , and @entity68340 . Overexpression of @entity187 in N2a transfected cells showed reversal of cellular fate from @entity9699 -induced apoptosis to survival. Further, the pro-survival role of the proteins @entity1379 , @entity37788 , cFLIP, and NFkB determined by vertex perturbation analysis was experimentally validated through protein inhibition experiments using EM20-25, @entity33576 and @entity46148 , which resulted in 1.27-, 1.26-, and 1.46-fold increase in apoptosis of N2a cells. The existence of a one-to-one correspondence between cellular fates and attractor states shows that Boolean networks may be employed with confidence in qualitative analytical studies of biological networks.

title: XXXX mediates survival in apoptotic cells-Boolean network prediction and experimental validation.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['neurotrophic growth']

entities_list: @entity46148 :: ('MESH:C051122', 'Chemical') :: ['Wedelolactone']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

answer: @entity187 :: (15511(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['HSP70']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity177 means that one's kidney have unexpectedly stopped functioning, i.e., once chronic disease is exposed, the presence or degree of @entity8 and its progression must be assessed, and the underlying syndrome has to be diagnosed. Although the @entity1 's history and physical examination may denote good practice, some key information has to be obtained from valuation of the glomerular filtration rate, and the analysis of serum biomarkers. Indeed, chronic kidney sickness depicts @entity8 and/or its makeup, i.e., there is evidence that treatment may avoid or delay its progression, either by reducing and prevent the development of some associated complications, namely @entity101 , @entity28 , @entity6 , and @entity65 . @entity810 appears abruptly, with a rapid deterioration of the renal function, but is often reversible if it is recognized early and treated promptly. In both situations, i.e., @entity810 and @entity740 , an early intervention can significantly improve the prognosis. The assessment of these pathologies is therefore mandatory, although it is hard to do it with traditional methodologies and existing tools for problem solving. Hence, in this work, we will focus on the development of a hybrid decision support system, in terms of its knowledge representation and reasoning procedures based on Logic Programming, that will allow one to consider incomplete, unknown, and even contradictory information, complemented with an approach to computing centered on Artificial Neural Networks, in order to weigh the Degree-of-Confidence that one has on such a happening. The present study involved 558 @entity1 with an age average of 51.7  years and the @entity740 was observed in 175 cases. The dataset comprise twenty four variables, grouped into five main categories. The proposed model showed a good performance in the diagnosis of @entity740 , since the sensitivity and the specificity exhibited values range between 93.1 and 94.9 and 91.9-94.2  %, respectively.

title: A Soft Computing Approach to XXXX Evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['anomalous kidney function', 'kidney dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Kidney renal failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury', 'Acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Kidney Diseases']


abstract: Second @entity5 (SPMs) are issues for @entity1 with @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ). There may have been some limitations in prior studies, such as difficulties in a longer follow-up and absence of established screening methods. Therefore, we studied autopsied cases to overcome these limitations. This study aimed to examine SPMs using autopsy reports. Ninety-one cases of @entity1582 autopsied at our institution from 1979 to 2013 were analyzed. Median age of autopsied @entity1 was 64.1 years, and proportion of male/female was 59/32. Autopsy was performed in 35.3% of @entity1 died of @entity1582 . There were five cases of SPMs with a median confirmation time of 38 (12-132) months from the diagnosis of @entity1582 . In three of the five @entity1 , the diagnosis of SPMs was established at autopsy. One case was of @entity2590 , and the others were of non-hematological @entity5 . The annual risk of @entity10417 estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method was approximately 1%. Three of five @entity10417 cases were detected at autopsy. Analysis of autopsy may contribute to estimate the actual risk of SPMs in @entity1582 .

title: Autopsy Analysis may Contribute to Establish Actual Incidence of Second Primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary malignancies', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Malignancies in Myeloma']


abstract: Young, specific-pathogen-free @entity468 were fed purified diets containing different sources of fat. Food intake was depressed and @entity468 lost weight when the diet contained either hydrogenated coconut oil ( @entity264 ) or medium-chain @entity1674 (MCT). With an MCT preparation enriched in 8:0 (MCT8), @entity468 would not eat after first tasting the diet. When @entity468 were offered a choice of two high-fat diets, they chose the basal diet over a diet containing 30% @entity264 , by a ratio of 4.5:1. Low levels of MCT8 (5% or 10% by weight) were also rejected, whereas @entity468 did not reject 5% or 15% MCT12. @entity6212 , at 0.1-1.0% of the diet, was rejected. In other studies, food intake and body weight decreased when @entity264 was added to a fat-free diet. @entity468 fed 25% or 35% @entity264 lost weight. When 5% safflower seed oil was added to the @entity264 diets, body weights and food intake improved, but were still less than optimal. These studies indicate that the food intake @entity308 in @entity468 fed dietary @entity264 and MCT is primarily a result of impalatability, and that the @entity844 moiety may be responsible for the aversion.

title: Aversion of the cat to dietary medium-chain @entity1674 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6212 :: ('MESH:C031492', 'Chemical') :: ['Caprylic acid']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

answer: @entity6212 :: (MESH:C031492,Chemical) :: ['caprylic acid']


abstract: AIMS: To evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of a simplified basal-bolus regimen of once-daily insulin degludec/insulin aspart (IDeg @entity2574 ) with additional IAsp vs. a standard basal-bolus insulin regimen of insulin detemir (IDet) with IAsp in adults with Type  1 @entity6 . METHODS: This was an open-label trial compromising a 26-week core phase followed by a 26-week extension phase. @entity1 were randomized to IDegAsp once daily at the main meal and IAsp at remaining meals (IDegAsp+IAsp), or IDet (once or twice daily) and IAsp at all meals (IDet+IAsp). Insulins were titrated to target plasma @entity413 of <  5  mmol/l (<  90  mg/dl) at pre-breakfast (IDegAsp and IDet) and at pre-meal (IAsp). RESULTS: After 52  weeks, the overall confirmed hypoglycaemia rate was 31.8  episodes/ @entity1 -years of exposure (PYE) with IDegAsp+ @entity2574 and 36.7  episodes/PYE with IDet+IAsp, and the rate of nocturnal confirmed hypoglycaemia was significantly lower with IDegAsp+ @entity2574 than with IDet+IAsp (3.1 vs. 5.4  episodes/PYE, respectively; P  <  0.05). Adverse event rates were comparable between groups. Mean HbA1c decreased from baseline by 0.7% (IDegAsp+IAsp) and 0.6% (IDet+IAsp), achieving 60 or 61  mmol/mol (7.6% or 7.7%, respectively), at Week 52. The mean total daily insulin dose was lower with IDegAsp+IAsp than with IDet+IAsp (ratio: 0.87; 95% CI 0.79-0.95; P  =  0.0026). CONCLUSIONS: Once-daily treatment with IDegAsp and IAsp as bolus insulin for remaining meals was associated with significantly lower risk of nocturnal confirmed hypoglycaemia, improved glycaemic control and showed non-inferiority compared with IDet+IAsp, the standard of care in Type  1 @entity6 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Safety and efficacy of insulin degludec/insulin aspart with bolus mealtime insulin aspart compared with standard basal-bolus treatment in XXXX with Type  1 @entity6 : 1-year results from a randomized clinical trial (BOOST(  ) T1).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: @entity2513 are macroscopically visible morphological changes of the mucosa that can develop focal @entity189 in the absence of surgical intervention. The successive molecular changes proposed to occur at different stages in the @entity2513 sequence were primarily based on DNA studies of exophytic, polypoid-type @entity652 . Not all colorectal lesions, however, display an exophytic phenotype and a presumed distinct @entity14 , the nonpolypoid @entity652 , was subsequently described as a precursor of @entity14 . The low incidence of @entity984 mutations in nonpolypoid @entity2513 reported previously suggested a different genetic basis for the transformation process in these lesions. We have pursued the identification of genetic changes in benign sporadic nonpolypoid @entity2513 in a selected Swedish @entity1 group with no family history of @entity14 . Mutation screening of the @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ), @entity984 , and @entity876 genes was conducted using the protein truncation test, heteroduplex-single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis, and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis on PCR-amplified fragments. Fourteen mutations in the @entity1412 gene were characterized in 10/20 samples. Mutations in the @entity984 and @entity876 genes were identified in 3/57 and 4/51 @entity652 , respectively. The mutation frequencies and distribution of mutations in @entity1412 correlate with published data on exophytic @entity652 . The low mutation frequency of the @entity876 gene is consistent with the benign nature of the research material. @entity984 activation (an early event in polypoid @entity2513 ) apparently does not play a significant role in nonpolypoid @entity652 development but may result in the development of a polypoid configuration. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 27:202-208, 2000.

title: Somatic mutations of the @entity1412 , XXXX , and @entity876 genes in nonpolypoid @entity2513 .

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyposis coli', 'APC']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasm', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomas', 'Colorectal adenomas', 'adenoma-carcinoma']

answer: @entity984 :: (3845,Gene) :: ['KRAS']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Acute suprarenal aortic occlusion is a rare but often catastrophic event. Despite immediate treatment, mortality and morbidity are high. We present a case of acute suprarenal aortic occlusion presenting with @entity177 and @entity1353 but without @entity63 . Diagnosis was initially not taken in consideration. The @entity1 required hemodialysis and temporary mechanical ventilation. After 13  days, an abdominal ultrasound was performed which revealed @entity715 of the suprarenal abdominal aorta. Suprarenal aortic thrombectomy was performed followed by aortobi-iliac bypass grafting. Diuresis returned 4  hr after surgery, and the @entity1 fully recovered. Thorough review of the literature revealed only 8 cases of acute suprarenal aortic occlusion. Only 3 @entity1 survived. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of acute suprarenal occlusion, in which renal function could be restored after a 14-day period of @entity1696 . The case illustrates that in select cases with prolonged @entity810 aortorenal revascularization can be performed successfully.

title: Recovery of Renal Function after Prolonged XXXX in Acute Suprarenal Aortic Occlusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['lower limb ischemia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1696 :: (MESH:D001002,Disease) :: ['Anuria']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Current options for aortic valve replacements are non-viable and thus lack the ability to grow and remodel, which can be problematic for paediatric applications. Toward the development of living valve substitutes that can grow and remodel, porcine aortic valve interstitial cells (VICs) were isolated and encapsulated within proteolytically degradable and cell-adhesive @entity968 ( @entity970 ) hydrogels, in an effort to study their phenotypes and functions. The results showed that encapsulated VICs maintained high viability and proliferated within the hydrogels. The VICs actively remodelled the hydrogels via secretion of @entity1476 ( @entity1476 ) and deposition of new extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including collagens I and III. The soft hydrogels with compressive moduli of ~4.3 kPa quickly reverted VICs from an activated myofibroblastic phenotype to a quiescent, unactivated phenotype, evidenced by the loss of a-smooth muscle actin expression upon encapsulation. In an effort to promote VIC-mediated ECM production, @entity620 (AA) was supplemented in the medium to investigate its effects on VIC function and phenotype. AA treatment enhanced VIC spreading and proliferation, and inhibited apoptosis. AA treatment also promoted VIC-mediated ECM remodelling by increasing @entity1476 activity and depositing collagens I and III. AA treatment did not significantly influence the expression of a-smooth muscle actin (myofibroblast activation marker) and alkaline phosphatase (osteogenic differentiation marker). No calcification or nodule formation was observed within the cell-laden hydrogels, with or without AA treatment. These results suggest the potential of this system and the beneficial effect of AA in heart valve tissue engineering. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: XXXX promotes extracellular matrix deposition while preserving valve interstitial cell quiescence within 3D hydrogel scaffolds.

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(ethylene glycol)']

entities_list: @entity1476 :: ('4313', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-2', 'MMP-2']

answer: @entity620 :: (MESH:D001205,Chemical) :: ['Ascorbic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1245 misuse, abuse, and @entity734 is becoming a new problem in medicine used in Thailand. OBJECTIVE: Study the prevalence of @entity1245 use, misuse, abuse, and @entity734 in Ubon Ratchathani province Thailand. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A cross-sectional household survey was conducted between October 2008 and June 2009. The target population were the @entity1 age 15 and above. A sample size of 2280 was selected from three stage stratified random sampling. @entity1245 were identified with generic name and drug characteristics. The DSM-IV questionnaires were used to define misuse, abuse, and @entity734 . @entity734 was interpreted with judgment of a @entity146 nurse. For statistical analyses, prevalence was estimated with weight adjustment, variances estimated by Teylor Series Linearization method, and interpreted with 95% CI. RESULTS: There were 46,805 current users [3.9% (95% CI: 2.2-6.4)], 26,404 misuser [2.2% (95% CI: 1.6-6.2)], 7203 abuser [0.6% (95% CI: 0.1-4.1)] and 2402 dependent [0.2% (95% CI: O. 1-9.2)]. When considering the group of current user, the results showed that 57.2% of this group misused, 16.6% abused and 5.9% were dependent. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of use was higher than previously reported in Thailand while more than half of the current users misused Surveillance ofmisuse should be done in the group of current user Medical professional should give recommendations to @entity1 , focusing on harm of misuse. Furthermore, they should limit the amount of medicine when it is necessary to dispense.

title: Prevalence of XXXX misuse in Ubon Ratchathani province Thailand.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['Benzodiazepines', 'benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence', 'Dependence']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity1245 :: (MESH:D001569,Chemical) :: ['benzodiazepines']


abstract: @entity355 is a distal metaplasia characterized by the transformation of squamous mucosa into columnar mucosa. This esophageal phenotype is a product not only of the chronic reflux of gastric acids, but also by microorganisms that colonize the oral cavity and stomach. Two classes of microbiota can be identified in @entity355 ; microbiota type I is associated with the normal esophagus and type II with an inflamed esophagus. The present study describes the gastric microbiota of a @entity1 with antral @entity3621 concomitant with @entity355 with @entity1534 . Gastric biopsies were obtained following the protocol of Sydney and following ethical practices. The isolates were cultivated under microaerophilic conditions on Columbia Agar supplemented with IsoVitaleX    and 7% sterile blood. Extracted DNA was sequenced using 454-GS and the results analyzed on the MG-RAST server. Gram negative isolates were found and bacteria resistant to @entity800 , @entity115 , @entity803 , @entity2929 , and @entity4581 . The phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria, the genus @entity2868 and the species group @entity2868 were most abundant. Functionally, the metabolism of @entity3363 , @entity1522 , and to a lesser extent, the metabolism of cofactors and vitamins were most dominant, and of which the enzymes    -glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21),    -galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) and    -N-acetylhexosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.52) were most dominant. The findings of this study, because they are of only one case may probably suggest a possible pathogenic role, previously undescribed for @entity2868 , associated with @entity1 @entity3621 when concomitant esophageal pathology exists.

title: Metagenomic analysis of the gastric microbiota cultivable from a XXXX with @entity3621 concomitant with @entity355 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2868 :: ('817', 'Species') :: ['Bacteroides', 'Bacteroides fragilis']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus", "Barrett's esophagus absent infection"]

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of our self made inferior vena cave (IVC) stent. METHODS: Self-expanding, stainless steel, Z-shaped stents were deployed in the IVC of 14 @entity235 . They were randomly divided into four groups, four @entity235 in the first three groups, and 2 in the fourth group. IVC specimens were taken at 2, 4, 8 and 16 weeks following stent deployment. No anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy was given. RESULTS: All stents were widely stretched out and so was the vessel lumen. No @entity715 was present and the patency was 100% in all groups. The stents were completely covered by @entity8233 2 weeks after stent deployment. The neointimal thickness varied significantly: the thinnest at 2 weeks, the thickest at 4 weeks and becoming thinner at 8 weeks and stable until 16 weeks. The inflammatory reaction was gradually reduced. Under scanning electronic microscopy, the @entity8233 was covered by a layer of endothelial cells 2 weeks following stenting, which were irregularly shaped and aligned. The cells became slender, spindle-shaped and aligned parallel to the direction of bolld flow 4 weeks afterwards. CONCLUSION: Experimental study indicated that our self-expanding IVC stent was feasible for clinical application.

title: An experimental study of inferior vena caval stent in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['neointima']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity14855 inhibitors (CIs) cause substantial long-term morbidity and mortality among orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) @entity1 . Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) among OLT @entity1 with CI-related side effects. @entity1 : Thirty three adult @entity1 , including 29 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 of mean age 57 years, underwent OLT between 1986 and 2000 under treatment with CIs (28 @entity205 and five @entity1140 ). Mean follow-up after OLT was 59 months. Adverse effects were @entity8 in 26, @entity101 in 23, and @entity2359 in two. @entity2098 was added gradually while simultaneously reducing the dosage of CI. RESULTS: After a mean 15-months follow-up of @entity2098 treatment, CIs had been withdrawn in 28 @entity1 (85%). The mean time from the initiation of @entity2098 and CI withdrawal was 5 months. During the first year of follow-up chronic @entity8 improved in 16 of 26 @entity1 (61.6%) accompanied by a decreased serum @entity1011 and @entity1133 and an increase in @entity1011 clearance. Among 13/23 (56.5%) @entity101 @entity1 , there was a significant @entity551 or the number of antihypertensive drugs (P<.05). One @entity1 with @entity2359 improved. Twenty-two @entity1 (66%) displayed adverse events: five rejections (15%) including four acute episodes, controlled by CI re-introduction, and one chronic reaction. The most frequent adverse effects were @entity281 in 10 @entity1 (30%), @entity1395 in nine (27%), @entity294 in five (15%) and @entity882 in four (12%). Nevertheless, only six @entity1 (19%) required @entity2098 dose reduction, namely, three @entity1 with GI intolerance, two with repeated @entity281 , and one with @entity417 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2098 monotherapy improves renal function and blood pressure levels in more than 50% of @entity1 with chronic @entity8 and @entity101 after OLT. Many of the side effects of @entity2098 were mild; it was safe accompanied by a low incidence of rejection reactions.

title: Effectiveness and safety of XXXX as monotherapy in liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patient', 'women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity14855 :: ('CHEBI:53439', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcineurin']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['herpes simplex infection', 'VHS infections']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity618 :: (MESH:C063008,Chemical) :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 1538 Background: @entity6677 mellitus, a state of @entity413 intolerance associated with pregnancy is increasing in prevalence. Data regarding the risk associated with @entity6677 is sparse and conflicting. The current study was conducted to examine the risk of incident over-all and site-specific @entity5 associated with a history of @entity6 in a historical cohort study of @entity1 in Maccabi Healthcare Services, a large health maintenance organization in Israel. METHODS: All @entity1 aged 15 to 50 years who underwent 50g @entity413 challenge tests between March 13, 1995 and May 27, 2009, without history of @entity5 , @entity6 or @entity249 were included. Clinical and demographic parameters at index date including age, socioeconomic level, BMI and parity were collected. @entity6677 was based on the 100g oral @entity413 tolerance test using the standard Carpenter _ Coustan criteria. The main endpoint of the study was a diagnosis of @entity5 obtained from the Israel Cancer Register through linkage data. RESULTS: Among the 185,315 @entity1 who had undergone @entity413 challenge during the study period, 11,264 (6.1%) were diagnosed with gestational @entity6 . During a total follow-up period of 1.05 million @entity1 years, 2034 incident cases of @entity5 were identified. GDM was associated with a hazard ratio (HR) of 7.12 (95% CI: 1.71-29.67) for @entity788 and a HR of 1.69 (95% CI: 0.96-2.97) for @entity1583 . The association between GDM and @entity1583 was limited to @entity1 with five or more years of follow-up (HR=4.43; 1.79-10.96). CONCLUSIONS: @entity6677 mellitus is strongly associated with an increased long-term risk of @entity788 and probably with @entity1583 .

title: XXXX and risk of incident primary @entity5 : A large population-based cohort study in Israel.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'person']

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['Diagnosis of gestational diabetes', 'Gestational diabetes']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies', 'hematological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6677 :: (MESH:D016640,Disease) :: ['Gestational diabetes']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore the value of IHC4 in predicting pathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity0 (BC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective exploratory study, data for 68 HR-positive BC @entity1 who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy were recorded. IHC4 scores were calculated based on @entity172 receptors/ @entity1420 receptors, Ki-67 and @entity1722 status. Logistic and ordinal regression analyses in addition to likelihood ratio test were used to explore associations of IHC4 scores and other clinico-pathological parameters with pathological complete response (pCR) and pathological stage. RESULTS: Taking the 25th percentile as the cut-off, a lower IHC4 score was associated with an increased probability of pCR (low; 52.9% vs. High; 21.6%, OR=4.1, 95% CI= 1.28-13.16, p=0.018) and a lower pathological stage (OR =3.9, 95% CI=1.34-11.33, p=0.012). When the IHC4 score was treated as a continuous variable, a lower score was again associated with an increased probability of pCR (OR=1.010, 95% CI=1.001-1.018, p=0.025) and lower pathological stage (OR=1.009, 95% CI= 1.002-1.017, P=0.008). Lower clinical stage was associated with a better pCR rate that was of borderline significance (P=0.056). When clinical stage and IHC4 score were incorporated together in a logistic model, the likelihood ratio test gave a P-value of 0.004 after removal of the IHC4 score and 0.011 after removal of the stage, indicating a more significant predictive value of the IHC4 score for pCR. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the IHC4 score can predict pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in HR-positive BC @entity1 . This finding now needs to be validated in a larger cohort of @entity1 .

title: Predictive Value of IHC4 Score for Pathological Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Hormone Receptor-Positive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['hormonal receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: Internal @entity547 is an uncommon cause of @entity1321 . The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the diagnosis, the management, and the follow-up of the internal hernias operated over a 10-year period in our department of visceral surgery. METHODS: 14 spontaneous internal hernias were observed. The @entity1 were evaluated with respect to symptoms, radiological findings, time elapsed between the onset of symptoms and surgery, type of operation performed, postoperative morbidity and mortality, postoperative stay, and follow-up. RESULTS: There were 8 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 . The preoperative diagnosis was evoked in only one case. The mean time elapsed between the onset of the symptoms and surgery was 31.1 hours (range 6 to 72 hours). Two intestinal resection were performed. Mean postoperative hospital stay was 11.3 days (range 6 to 22 days). The morbidity was 21.4% with no mortality. Mean follow-up was 7 months (range 3 to 15 months); one @entity1 developed an incisional @entity547 . CONCLUSION: Since preoperative diagnosis of an internal @entity547 is difficult because of the lack of specific signs, morbidity and mortality can be decreased with early surgical intervention. Operative risks include @entity64 , especially to @entity547 neck vessels.

title: [Internal @entity547 : a rare cause of XXXX . Apropos of 14 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['vascular accidents']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['acute intestinal obstruction']

answer: @entity1321 :: (MESH:D007415,Disease) :: ['intestinal obstruction']


abstract: PURPOSE: We determine the clinical characteristics, visual and anatomical outcomes, and factors associated with poor visual outcome and anatomical success in pediatric @entity542 ( @entity542 ). METHODS: The records of @entity1 aged 17  years and younger who had undergone surgical intervention after @entity542 between January 2000 and June 2010 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: In total, 182 @entity1 were enrolled in the study (70.9  % males, 29.1  % females; mean age: 8.6        4.5  years [range 1-17  years]). @entity130 occurred mostly at home (45.1  %). Objects most often causing the @entity2194 were sharp objects (74.1  %). Over one-third of the eyes (39.7  %) had final visual acuities of 20/200 or better. Anatomical success was achieved in 76.9  % of eyes. Time between primary globe repair and secondary surgical intervention was 61.4        144  days. Visual outcomes were poor in eyes with initial visual acuity less than for counting fingers, @entity1713 , proliferative @entity1715 , and @entity3225 . Anatomical success rates were low with @entity1713 . CONCLUSION: Visual outcomes seem to be poor in more than half of the @entity1 despite advanced microsurgical techniques.

title: XXXX : clinical characteristics and factors associated with poor visual and anatomical success.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular trauma']

entities_list: @entity1715 :: ('MESH:D018630', 'Disease') :: ['vitreoretinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['OGI', 'open-globe injuries']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Injuries']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['Pediatric open-globe injuries']