abstract: OBJECTIVE: Tonsillectomy is one of the most common pediatric surgical procedures performed in the United States. The postoperative period can be particularly @entity158 , and there is currently no consensus on an optimal analgesic regimen. The objective of this study was to evaluate efficacy and safety of the single drug @entity1340 versus @entity10425 / @entity1443 post-tonsillectomy. DESIGN: Prospective, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Large, Midwestern US pediatric hospital. @entity1 : Eighty-four @entity1 aged 4-15 years who underwent a tonsillectomy (with or without adenoidectomy) procedure were randomized and 74 were included in the analysis. INTERVENTIONS: Group 1 received liquid @entity10425 / @entity1443 for 10 days post-tonsillectomy (5 days scheduled, followed by 5 days as-needed). Group 2 received liquid @entity1340 for 10 days post-tonsillectomy (5 days scheduled, followed by 5 days as-needed). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Efficacy and side effects were evaluated using a 10-day take-home diary that was completed by parents. RESULTS: @entity1 in both study arms reported adequate post-tonsillectomy @entity158 management without significant differences between groups in @entity158 scores. Oversedation was significantly higher on the day of surgery in the @entity10425 / @entity1443 group, and itching was experienced by significantly more @entity1 in the @entity1340 group during the postoperative period. CONCLUSIONS: As part of multimodal @entity1337 , scheduled plus as-needed @entity1340 may be considered for @entity1 in the postoperative setting due to its analgesic properties, low potential for side effects, and good safety profile.

title: @entity1340 versus XXXX / @entity1443 after pediatric tonsillectomy: A prospective, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1340 :: ('MESH:D014147', 'Chemical') :: ['tramadol']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

answer: @entity10425 :: (MESH:D003061,Chemical) :: ['codeine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Postoperative @entity955 is one of the most frequent complications of cardiac surgery. We developed a novel biodegradable gel pad consisting of biopolymers that directly attach to the myocardium by electrostatic interaction. The present study examines the feasibility and effectiveness of low-energy internal cardioversion using these pads. METHODS: The hearts of 6 @entity1707 were exposed through a median sternotomy under general anesthesia, and 2 monopolar pacing wires were placed on the left pulmonary veins (chest open group). Two biodegradable cardioversion gel pads were placed on the right appendage and the left atria without suturing. All wires were extruded through the skin and secured with a suture. Sustained @entity955 was induced by burst-pacing from the pulmonary veins in continuous 20-ms cycles. Shock intensity started at 0.5 J, and the energy level was increased in 0.5-J increments until cardioversion occurred. This protocol was repeated 5 times per @entity1707 . In a second group of 6 @entity1707 (chest closed group), the epicardial cardioversion electrode gel pads and pacing wire electrodes were positioned as described above. Shock intensity was started at 0.5 J. If the shock was unsuccessful, the energy level was increased in 0.5-J increments until 2 consecutive cardioversions were achieved at a single energy level. At postoperative days 1, 3, 5, and 7, the defibrillation threshold was determined with the chest closed. At postoperative day 10, the cardioversion wires were removed. At predetermined time intervals, the heart was reexposed and the extent of degradation in vivo was visually evaluated and histologically assessed after sacrifice. RESULTS: All @entity1707 with induced @entity955 were cardioverted to sinus rhythm on the determined postoperative day. The mean energy and lead impedance in the chest open group were 0.65 +/- 0.23 J and 97.6 +/- 5.52 Omega, respectively, and the overall values of mean energy and lead impedance in the chest closed group were 1.67 +/- 1.00 J and 75.9 +/- 13.3 Omega, respectively. No complications were observed after wire removal. The gel pads became degraded and decreased in thickness, and signs of mild @entity32 were evident on the gel pad. However, the gel pads did not elicit significant severe inflammatory reactions according to both gross and histologic assessments at 1 month after the surgery. CONCLUSION: Atrial cardioversion using novel biodegradable gel pads that are easily affixed may afford a straightforward and effective treatment for @entity955 after cardiac surgery.

title: Successful low-energy cardioversion using a novel biodegradable gel pad: Feasibility of treating postoperative XXXX in animals.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: In this retrospective study, the efficacy and safety were examined for an intraperitoneal chemotherapy protocol- @entity786 , @entity1891 and @entity617 ( @entity7173 -COP) in 26 @entity468 with @entity706 . Certainly in @entity468 fiercely resisting IV administration the @entity7173 route is a more practical method, safer for the administrator and less stressful for the cat. Complete remission (CR) rate was 76.9% (n   =   20). Median duration of first remission was 421   days. Estimated 1- and 2-year disease free period were 67.1 and 48.0%, respectively. Median duration of survival was 388   days and estimated overall 1- and 2-year survival periods were 54.7 and 46.9% respectively. Young @entity468 had a more favourable prognosis. Reaching CR was essential for long-term survival. No specific @entity7173 -related adverse events (AE) were seen. AE were generally scored as mild and were not excessively abundant. These results indicate that the @entity7173 route is a safe and effective alternative for the administration of COP protocol chemotherapeutics.

title: Intraperitoneal antineoplastic drug delivery: experience with a @entity786 , @entity1891 and @entity617 protocol in XXXX with @entity706 .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: The recently identified epidermal growth factor-related peptide cripto-1 has been previously implicated in the development of the malignant phenotype. The identification of gene products that can act as prognostic markers in @entity150 would be value in determining the management of this heterogeneous group of @entity1 . This study examines cripto-1 expression in benign and malignant bladder using immunohistochemical techniques. The expression of cripto-1 protein in benign and malignant bladder was examined in 45 @entity150 (Ta/T1 n = 26, T2 n = 5, T3/T4 n = 14) and six benign controls. All 45 @entity5 showed positive cytoplasmic staining for cripto-1, including areas of @entity189 in situ. None of the six benign controls showed any evidence of positive cripto-1 staining. Twenty-three (60 per cent) @entity150 had areas of @entity5 that showed strong positive staining for cripto-1 as opposed to six (29 per cent) sections of histologically normal urothelium adjacent to @entity5 (P < 0.05). There was no association between cripto-1 staining and @entity5 grade, stage, or clinical outcome. Cripto-1 protein appears to be specifically expressed in malignant and benign adjacent urothelium of @entity1 with @entity150 . Its clinical significance, however, remains to be determined.

title: The immunohistochemical detection of cripto-1 in benign and malignant XXXX bladder.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer', 'bladder tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['papillary tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity112 (HA) is one of the main immediate mediators involved in @entity56 . HA plasma concentration is well correlated with the severity of vascular and respiratory signs of @entity2021 . Consequently, plasma quantification of HA is useful to comfort the diagnosis of @entity2021 . Currently, radioimmunoassay (RIA) is the gold standard method to quantify HA due to its high sensitivity, but it is time consuming, implicates specific formations and cautions for technicians, and produces hazardous radioactive wastes. The aim of this study was to compare two enzymatic immunoassays (EIA) and one in-house liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry method (LC-HRMS) with the gold standard method for HA quantification in plasma samples of @entity1 suspected of @entity2021 reactions. Ninety-two plasma samples were tested with the 4 methods (RIA, 2 EIA and LC-HRMS) for HA quantification. Fifty-eight samples displayed HA concentrations above the positive cut-off of 10nM evaluated by RIA, including 18 highly positive samples (>100nM). This study shows that Immunotech(  ) EIA and LC-HRMS concentrations were highly correlated with RIA values, in particular for samples with a HA concentration around the positive cut-off. In our hands, plasma concentrations obtained with the Demeditec Diagnostics(  ) EIA correlated less with results obtained by RIA, and an underestimation of plasma HA levels led to a lack of sensitivity. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that Immunotech(  ) EIA and LC-HRMS method could be used instead of RIA to assess plasma HA in @entity1 diagnostic use.

title: Comparison of two enzymatic immunoassays, high resolution mass spectrometry method and radioimmunoassay for the quantification of @entity1 plasma XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine']

answer: @entity112 :: (MESH:D006632,Chemical) :: ['histamine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Five billion normal myoblasts were injected into each of 21 @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ) @entity1 aged 6-14 yr to assess the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of the Phase II myoblast transfer therapy (MTT). The Phase II study was designed to strengthen muscles of both lower limbs. Forty-eight intramuscular injections transferred the myoblasts into 22 major muscles at 55.6 * 106/mL in 10 min under general anesthesia. Eleven @entity1 had received 8 million myoblasts each 1 yr ago in the Phase I MTT. In the Phase II study, eight of them had their myoblasts subcultured from reserves frozen 1 yr ago. The donor myoblasts for each of the remaining @entity1 were cultured from satellite cells derived from a 1-g muscle biopsy of a normal male who might or might not be histocompatible with the recipient. The immunosuppressant @entity205 ( @entity49844 ) is being administered to recipients for 6 mo after MTT to facilitate donor cell survival. There was no evidence of an adverse reaction to MTT or @entity49844 as determined by serial laboratory evaluations including electrolytes, @entity1011 , and @entity1133 . Early objective functional tests using the KinCom Robotic Dynamometer were conducted on 13 subjects aged 6 to 13 before MTT and at 3 mo after MTT. Of the 69 muscle groups (knee extensors, knee flexors, plantar flexors) tested for isometric force generation in these subjects, 43% showed mean increase of 41.3%    5.9 SEM, 38% showed no change, and 19% showed continuous force reduction of 23.4%    3.1 SEM. The remaining subjects await the 3-mo post-MTT evaluation. The results indicate that 1) MTT is safe; 2) MTT increases muscle strength in @entity1555 : 81% of the muscles tested showed either increase in strength or did not show continuous loss of strength; 3) more than 5 billion myoblasts can be cultured from 1 g normal muscle biopsy, providing unprecedented numbers of cells for MTT; 4) myoblasts, frozen over I yr, retain the ability to proliferate from 10 million to 5 billion, and to form normal myofibers; 5) injections of 5 billion myoblasts have not provoked any immunological rejection symptoms in the Phase II subjects, 11 of whom received 8 million myoblasts in the Phase I MTT a year ago; 6) it is safe to perform multiple injections of myoblasts into lower limb muscles without formation of emboli; and 7) donor cell rejection by the recipient can be prevented with @entity49844 when properly managed.

title: FEASIBILITY, SAFETY, AND EFFICACY OF MYOBLAST TRANSFER THERAPY ON DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['BOYS']


abstract: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of triage, treatment, and transfer interventions on multiple burn casualties managed in a high volume @entity2613 that does not have a verified in-hospital burn unit. The charts of 11 male @entity1 injured in a 1999 foundry explosion and brought to Baystate Medical Center (BMC), a level I @entity130 center, were reviewed. All @entity1 sustained deep partial and full thickness burns. The injury severity score (ISS) ranged from 9 to 75. Five @entity1 had total body surface area (TBSA) burns of 10% to 50% and 6 @entity1 had TBSA burns of 70% to 95%. Transfer times from the scene to BMC ranged from less than 5 minutes to 22 minutes. All 11 were initially triaged, resuscitated, and evaluated at BMC. Of the 9 @entity1 transferred to verified burn units, 8 were intubated, 6 of 6 had negative abdominal ultrasounds, 4 had undergone escharatomies, and 1 had undergone bronchoscopy before transfer. Nine critically injured burn @entity1 with ISS of 9 to 75 were transferred from BMC to verified burn units. For 8 of these @entity1 , the average time from triage, evaluation, and treatment to transfer was 2 hours. The ninth @entity1 was initially admitted overnight then promptly transferred after re-evaluation of his hand burns indicated a need for more specialized care. Two of 9 transferred @entity1 , both with ISS of 75 died. Although 7 other @entity1 had prolonged and complex courses, none of their subsequent complications were referable to missed injuries from this transferring facility. The resources and expertise of a high volume @entity2613 without an in-hospital burn unit can be effectively used in the initial resuscitation and treatment of multiple burn casualties. Coordinated responses among emergency medicine, @entity130 , anesthesia, and nursing personnel are instrumental to the rapid triage, resuscitation, and treatment of critically injured burn @entity1 . Future disaster planning should incorporate a clearly demarcated, @entity2613 command center led by an easily identifiable "captain of the ship," as well as more accurate @entity1 identification systems and improved communications with family members.

title: Management of multiple burn casualties in a high volume XXXX without a verified burn unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity2613 :: (MESH:C536181,Disease) :: ['ED']


abstract: Aquaporins are integral membrane proteins that facilitate the transport of water and some small solutes across cellular membranes. X-ray crystallography of aquaporins indicates that four @entity1522 constitute an aromatic/ @entity369 (ar/R) pore constriction known as the selectivity filter. On the basis of these four @entity1522 , tonoplast aquaporins called tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs) are divided into three groups in @entity958 . Herein, we describe the characterization of two group I TIP1s (TgTIP1;1 and TgTIP1;2) from tulip (Tulipa gesneriana). TgTIP1;1 and TgTIP1;2 have a novel @entity6778 in loop E (LE2 position) of the ar/R filter; the residue at LE2 is a @entity4857 in all group I TIPs from model plants. The homologs showed @entity349 -sensitive water channel activity in a fast kinetics swelling assay upon heterologous expression in @entity10056 . Heterologous expression of both homologs promoted the growth of @entity10056 on @entity3104 or @entity1133 as sole sources of @entity1568 and decreased growth and survival in the presence of @entity274 . TgTIP1;1- and TgTIP1;2-mediated @entity274 conductance was demonstrated further by a fluorescence assay. Substitutions in the ar/R selectivity filter of TgTIP1;1 showed that mutants that mimicked the ar/R constriction of group I TIPs could conduct the same substrates that were transported by wild-type TgTIP1;1. In contrast, mutants that mimicked group II TIPs showed no evidence of @entity1133 or @entity274 conductance. These results suggest that the @entity535 residue at LE2 position is critical for the transport selectivity of the TIP homologs and group I TIPs might have a broader spectrum of substrate selectivity than group II TIPs.

title: Substitution of a single @entity535 residue in the aromatic/ XXXX selectivity filter alters the transport profiles of tonoplast aquaporin homologs.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity10056 :: ('4922', 'Species') :: ['Pichia pastoris', 'P. pastoris']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity6778 :: ('CHEBI:24898', 'Chemical') :: ['isoleucine']

entities_list: @entity3104 :: ('MESH:D000644', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity369 :: (CHEBI:29016,Chemical) :: ['arginine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We evaluated and compared the radiographic and clinical outcomes of @entity1 with @entity5513 treated with single fraction stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), 5 fractions of hypofractionated stereotactic radiation therapy (hSRT), or 25 to 30 fractions of conventionally fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy (cfSRT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Fifty-six @entity1 treated with LINAC-based SRS (median, 12.5 Gy), hSRT (25 Gy), or cfSRT (median, 54 Gy) were retrospectively reviewed. Fractionation was based on the size of the @entity5 , proximity to the brainstem, and potential risk of @entity16 . Median follow-up time was 55.2 months. RESULTS: The pretreatment median @entity5 diameter was significantly smaller for SRS (1.14 cm) compared with hSRT (1.7 cm) (P = .03) and cfSRT (2.0 cm) (P < .001). The overall local @entity5 control was 96.4%: 100% SRS, 100% hSRT, and 90% cfSRT (P = .19). Tumor regression was observed in 53.3% of SRS, 76.2% of hSRT, and 90% of cfSRT (P = .05). There was less transient expansion of @entity5 treated with cfSRT (5%) than with SRS (53.3%) or hSRT (28.6%) (P = .005). The median time to regression was 13.8 months for SRS, 14.2 months for hSRT, and 5.5 months for cfSRT (P = .34). There was a 3.6% incidence of grade 3 trigeminal neuropathy, but there was no grade 3 @entity16 . CONCLUSIONS: All 3 regimens demonstrated similar excellent local control with minimal @entity137 ; however, the ability of hSRT to treat larger @entity5 with comparable outcomes to SRS and greater @entity1 convenience when compared with cfSRT suggest that hSRT may offer the optimal treatment approach.

title: Radiotherapeutic management of XXXX using size- and location-adapted fractionation regimens to maximize the therapeutic ratio.

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological sequelae', 'facial neuropathy']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['vestibular schwannomas']


abstract: Knowledge of the patterns of allelic loss has been useful in identifying @entity5 suppressor genes in many solid @entity5 . Although the loss of genetic material in @entity981 has been documented by cytogenetic studies and microsatellite typing, a global overview of losses of heterozygosity occurring throughout the genome was not yet available. We have performed a high resolution allelotype analysis in 63 childhood B-lineage @entity981 . A total of 247 microsatellite markers, evenly distributed along the autosomes were typed in blast and in remission samples from every @entity1 . An average of 41 @entity1 were informative for each marker. LOH at one or several loci was observed in 41 of the 63 @entity1 (64%). The mean values for the fractional allelic loss (FAL) and the hemizygosity index, calculated for each @entity1 , were 0.03 (range 0 to 0.23) and 0.024 (range 0 to 0.18), respectively. The most frequently involved chromosomal arms were 9p (36%), 12p (31%), 20q (15%), 6q (12%), 5p (10%) and 10p (10%). Three regions on chromosomal arms 9p, 12p and 6q were previously identified as the targets of recurring deletions, the target genes being identified for two of them (9p and 12p). The three new regions defined by this allelotype may contain @entity5 -suppressor genes implicated in the initiation or progression of childhood B-ALLs.

title: High-resolution allelotype analysis of childhood B-lineage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemias']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Renal tissue oxygenation may play an important role in the progression of @entity8 . Today, blockers of the @entity916 -angiotensin system and diuretics are two major drug classes used to treat @entity101 in @entity1 with or without chronic @entity8 . The purpose of the present study was to compare the direct @entity916 inhibitor aliskiren to the diuretic @entity918 ( @entity918 ) in their ability to modulate renal tissue oxygenation in @entity101 @entity1 .(Figure is included in full-text article.) DESIGN AND METHOD:: Twenty four @entity1 were enrolled in this randomized prospective study and 20 completed the protocol. @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive either aliskiren 150 titrated to 300mg/d or @entity918 12.5mg titrated to 25mg/d for 8 weeks. Renal oxygenation was measured by BOLD-MRI at weeks 0 and 8, 30hours after the last dose. BOLD-MRI data were analyzed using the "onion peel" technique, a newly developed method which measures mean R2* levels in 12 computed layers of equal thickness in the kidney enabling to asses renal oxygenation according to the depth within the kidney, a higher R2* value corresponding to lower oxygenation. RESULTS: Our results show that aliskiren tended to increase oxygenation in the outer (more cortical) layers and decreased oxygenation in the inner (more medullary) layers whereas @entity918 induced a significant overall decrease in renal tissue oxygenation (Figure 1). This latter finding may be due to the increased @entity1372 reabsorption 30h after the last dose of @entity918 (FELi: 21.2  9% at W0 and 16.4  6.0% at W8), p=0.01). @entity1 responding to treatment by a fall in systolic blood pressure of >10 mmHg also increased renal tissue oxygenation when compared to non-responders. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together these results show that blockade of the @entity916 -angiotensin system with aliskiren has a more favorable impact on renal tissue oxygenation in @entity101 @entity1 than @entity918 . This finding may contribute to explain the renal protective effect of blockers of the @entity916 - @entity7774 system.

title: 1D.02: COMPARATIVE EFFECT OF A @entity916 INHIBITOR AND A THIAZIDE DIURETIC ON RENAL TISSUE OXYGENATION IN HYPERTENSIVE XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney diseases', 'renal diseases']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['HCTZ', 'hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity7774 :: ('MESH:D000809', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['PATIENTS']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Liver transplant for @entity5881 requires identifying potential recipients at risk for recidivism. We sought to identify risk factors for recidivism and survival in recipients of liver transplant with @entity5881 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Demographic, psychosocial, and histology features were evaluated as risk factors toward harmful recidivism in 148 recipients of liver transplant with @entity5881 . RESULTS: Based on the univariate analysis using Cox proportional hazards model, duration of @entity285 abstinence 6 months (HR 3.74; P = .011, 95% CI: 1.36-10.3), non- @entity285 related criminal history (HR 3.18; P = .032, 95% CI: 1.1-9.15), support from immediate family (HR 0.24; P = .0061, 95% CI: 0.09-0.67), and active smoking at the time of liver transplant (HR 2.74; P = .041, 95% CI: 1-7.53) were identified as significant predictors for recidivism. Older @entity1 had less likelihood of @entity285 relapse (HR 0.91; P = .0014, 95% CI: 0.87-0.97) on univariate model. In multivariate model older @entity1 (HR 0.91; P = .004, 95% CI: 0.86-0.97) and @entity1 who have immediate family support (HR 0.27; P = .012, 95% CI: 0.10-0.76) predicated against recidivism. Suggestive features of @entity99 on liver explant did not predict recidivism or long-term survival. One-, three-, and five-year @entity1 survival rates estimated by Kaplan-Meier survival model in the recipients that remained abstinent were 95%, 87%, and 80%, compared with 87%, 49%, and 49% for the recipients with recidivism (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: Recidivism is associated with @entity204 after liver transplant. Older recipients and @entity1 with immediate family support are less likely to have @entity285 relapse, and have better long-term survival.

title: Recidivism in Liver Transplant Recipients With XXXX : Analysis of Demographic, Psychosocial, and Histology Features.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5881 :: ('MESH:D008108', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['earlier death']

answer: @entity5881 :: (MESH:D008108,Disease) :: ['Alcoholic Liver Disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: We previously reported preliminary data on a new procedure that we developed for the treatment of @entity2096 after catheterization. This study presents our current results of percutaneous ultrasound-guided @entity556 injection for treating @entity2849 that arise from various locations and causes. METHODS: Between February 1996 and May 1999, we performed @entity556 injection of 83 @entity2849 in 82 @entity1 . There were 74 @entity2096 : 60 from cardiac catheterization (36 interventional), seven from peripheral arteriography (four interventional), five from intra-aortic balloon pumps, and two from dialysis catheters. There were nine other @entity2849 : five brachial (two cardiac catheterization, two gunshot wounds, one after removal of an infected arteriovenous graft), one subclavian (central venous catheter insertion), one radial (arterial line), and one distal superficial femoral and one posterior tibial (both after @entity130 ). Twenty-nine pseudo- @entity439 were injected while on therapeutic anticoagulation. @entity1 underwent repeat ultrasound examination within 5 days and after 4 weeks. RESULTS: Eighty-two of 83 @entity2849 had initial successful treatment by this technique, including 28 of 29 in @entity1 who were undergoing anticoagulation therapy. The only complication was @entity715 of a distal brachial artery, which resolved spontaneously. There were early recurrences in seven @entity1 : four @entity1 underwent successful reinjection; reinjection failed in two @entity1 , who underwent surgical repair; and one @entity1 had spontaneous @entity715 on follow-up. After 4 weeks, ultrasound examinations were completely normal or showed some residual @entity1410 , and there were no recurrent @entity2849 . CONCLUSION: Ultrasound-guided @entity556 injection of @entity2849 has excellent results, which support its widespread use as the primary treatment for this common problem.

title: Expanded indications for ultrasound-guided XXXX injection of @entity2849 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['femoral pseudoaneurysms']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysms']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['blunt trauma']

answer: @entity556 :: (2147,Gene) :: ['thrombin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A large number of experimental studies using young adult subjects have shown that @entity9052 ( @entity9052 C.A. Meyer) protects against @entity63 heart disease. However, @entity9052 has not been explored for its anti-I/R effect and mechanism of action in the aged myocardium. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of the long-term consumption of @entity9052 extract on myocardial I/R in an in vivo @entity35 model and explore the potential underlying mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS: Young (6-mo-old) and intermediate-aged (18-mo-old) @entity35 were gavaged with either standardized @entity9052 extract (RSE) at 80 mg/kg or vehicle for 90 days. The @entity35 were sacrificed after LAD coronary artery ligation was performed to induce 30 min of @entity63 , followed by 90 min of reperfusion. The @entity583 size was measured. Left ventricular function was evaluated using pressure-volume loops. The levels of survival, apoptotic and longevity protein expression were assessed through Western blot analysis. Myocardial pathology was detected through H_E or Masson's trichrome staining. We observed higher @entity1188 in the LV functional parameters, such as LVSP and LVEDP, in aged @entity35 compared with young @entity35 . Enhanced @entity2308 phosphorylation and eNOS expression in RSE-treated aged hearts were accompanied with reduced @entity1188 size, improved cardiac performance, and inducted survival signals. In contrast, p- @entity2509 and @entity15624 were significantly downregulated in aged @entity35 , suggesting that cardiomyocyte apoptosis was suppressed after RSE treatment. RSE also inhibited @entity4124 /7 activation and decreased @entity2310 / @entity1976 ratio. Consistent with the results of apoptosis, @entity19310 and @entity4123 were significantly increased in the RSE-treated aged heart compared with vehicle-treated I/R, suggesting that the anti-aging effect was correlated with the anti-apoptotic activity of RSE. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the long-term consumption of @entity9052 extract reduced the susceptibility of intermediate-aged hearts to @entity63 reperfusion injury in @entity35 . These effects might be mediated through the activation of @entity2308 /eNOS, suppression of @entity2509 / @entity15624 and upregulation of @entity19310 and @entity4123 in intermediate-aged @entity35 .

title: The Long-Term Consumption of XXXX Extract Reduces the Susceptibility of Intermediate-Aged Hearts to Acute Ischemia Reperfusion Injury.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['acute ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct expansion with impairment', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarct']

entities_list: @entity9052 :: ('4054', 'Species') :: ['ginseng', 'Panax ginseng']

answer: @entity9052 :: (4054,Species) :: ['Ginseng']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for the reduction of weight and resolution of @entity6 ( @entity6 ). The objective of this study was to longitudinally assess hormonal and tissue responses after RYGB. METHODS: Eight @entity1 (5 with @entity6 ) were studied before and after RYGB. A standardized test meal (STM) was administered before and at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 months. Separately, a 2-hour hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (E-clamp) and a 2-hour @entity1602 clamp (H-clamp) were performed before and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. @entity5445 ( @entity5445 ) was infused during the last hour of the H-clamp. Body composition was assessed with DXA methodology. RESULTS: Enrollment body mass index was 49  3 kg/m(2) (X  SE). STM @entity413 and insulin responses were normalized by 3 and 6 months. @entity5445 level increased dramatically at 1, 3, and 6 months, normalizing by 12 and 15 months. Insulin sensitivity (M of E-clamp) increased progressively at 3-12 months as fat mass decreased. The insulin response to @entity413 alone fell progressively over 12 months but the @entity413 clearance/metabolism (M of H-clamp) did not change significantly until 12 months. In response to @entity5445 infusion, insulin levels fell progressively throughout the 12 months. CONCLUSION: The early hypersecretion of @entity5445 leads to @entity3190 and early normalization of @entity413 levels. The @entity5445 response normalizes within 1 year after surgery. Enhanced peripheral tissue sensitivity to insulin starts at 3 months and is associated with fat mass loss. b-cell sensitivity improves at 12 months and after the loss of    33% of excess weight. There is a tightly controlled feedback loop between peripheral tissue sensitivity and b-cell and L-cell ( @entity5445 ) responses.

title: Mechanisms of type 2 XXXX resolution after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2 DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity5445 :: ('2641', 'Gene') :: ['Glucagon-like peptide-1', 'GLP-1']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The measurement of hemoglobin A(1c) (Hb A(1c)) is employed in monitoring of @entity1 with @entity6 . Use of point-of-care testing (POCT) for Hb A(1c) results at the time of the @entity1 consultation potentially provides an opportunity for greater interaction between @entity1 and caregiver, and more effective care. OBJECTIVE: To perform a systematic review of current trials to determine whether POCT for Hb A(1c), compared with conventional laboratory testing, improves outcomes for @entity1 with @entity6 . METHODS: Searches were undertaken on 4 electronic databases and bibliographies from, and hand searches of, relevant journal papers. Only randomized controlled trials were included. The primary outcome measures were change in Hb A(1c) and treatment intensification. Metaanalyses were performed on the data obtained. RESULTS: Seven trials were found. There was a nonsignificant reduction of 0.09% (95% CI -0.21 to 0.02) in the Hb A(1c) in the POCT compared to the standard group. Although data were collected on the change in proportion of @entity1 reaching a target Hb A(1c) of <7.0%, treatment intensification and heterogeneity in the populations studied and how measures were reported precluded pooling of data and metaanalysis. Positive @entity1 satisfaction was also reported in the studies, as well as limited assessments of costs. CONCLUSIONS: There is an absence of evidence in clinical trial data to date for the effectiveness of POCT for Hb A(1c) in the management of @entity6 . In future studies attention to trial design is needed to ensure appropriate selection and stratification of @entity1 , collection of outcome measures, and action taken upon Hb A(1c) results when produced.

title: Point-of-care testing for Hb A1c in the management of XXXX : a systematic review and metaanalysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: The idea that the CNS may control complex interactions by modular decomposition has received considerable attention. We explored this idea for @entity1 locomotion by examining limb kinematics. The coordination of limb segments during @entity1 locomotion has been shown to follow a planar law for walking at different speeds, directions, and levels of body unloading. We compared the coordination for different gaits. Eight subjects were asked to walk and run on a treadmill at different speeds or to walk, run, and @entity25179 over ground at a preferred speed. To explore various constraints on @entity10522 , we also recorded stepping over an obstacle, walking with the knees flexed, and air-stepping with body weight support. We found little difference among covariance planes that depended on speed, but there were differences that depended on gait. In each case, we could fit the planar trajectories with a weighted sum of the limb length and orientation trajectories. This suggested that limb length and orientation might provide independent predictors of limb coordination. We tested this further by having the subjects step, run, and @entity25179 in place, thereby varying only limb length and maintaining limb orientation fixed, and also by marching with knees locked to maintain limb length constant while varying orientation. The results were consistent with a modular control of limb kinematics where @entity10522 result from a superposition of separate length- and orientation-related angular covariance. The hypothesis finds support in the animal findings that limb proprioception may also be encoded in terms of these global limb parameters.

title: Modular control of @entity10522 during XXXX locomotion.

entities_list: @entity10522 :: ('MESH:D020189', 'Disease') :: ['limb movements']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Peptidyl- @entity10783 isomerases (PPIases) are enzymes that assist in the folding of newly-synthesized proteins and regulate the stability, localization, and activity of mature proteins. They do so by catalyzing reversible (cis-trans) rotation about the peptide bond that precedes @entity1521 , inducing conformational changes in target proteins. SCOPE OF REVIEW: This review will discuss how PPIases regulate gene transcription by controlling the activity of (1) DNA-binding transcription regulatory proteins, (2) RNA polymerase II, and (3) chromatin and histone modifying enzymes. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: Members of each family of @entity12204 (cyclophilins, FKBPs, and parvulins) regulate gene transcription at multiple levels. In all but a few cases, the exact mechanisms remain elusive. Structure studies, development of specific inhibitors, and new methodologies for studying cis/trans isomerization in vivo represent some of the challenges in this new frontier that merges two important fields. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: @entity10783 isomerases have been found to play key regulatory roles in all phases of the transcription process. Moreover, PPIases control upstream signaling pathways that regulate gene-specific transcription during development, hormone response and environmental stress. Although transcription is often rate-limiting in the production of enzymes and structural proteins, post-transcriptional modifications are also critical, and PPIases play key roles here as well (see other reviews in this issue). This article is part of a Special Issue entitled @entity1521 -directed Foldases: Cell Signaling Catalysts and Drug Targets.

title: XXXX isomerases in gene transcription.

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline', 'Proline']

entities_list: @entity10783 :: ('CHEBI:26274', 'Chemical') :: ['Prolyl', 'prolyl']

answer: @entity10783 :: (CHEBI:26274,Chemical) :: ['Prolyl']


abstract: Calcified @entity6583 has been associated with @entity194 in @entity1 with @entity302 , but the relevance of this association in the population at large is unknown. We assessed calcified cysticerci and its association with @entity194 in elderly @entity1 living in Atahualpa, an Ecuadorian village endemic for @entity6583 . All Atahualpa residents >=  60 years of age were invited to undergo computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging for @entity6583 detection. Twenty-eight (11%) out of 248 enrolled @entity1 had calcified cysticerci (case- @entity1 ) and were matched 1:1 by age, sex, and years of education to individuals without @entity6583 on computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (controls). Four case- @entity1 and none of the controls had @entity302 (P = 0.134). Cognitive performance was similar across both groups. The Scheltens' medial temporal @entity194 scale was used for hippocampal rating in case- @entity1 and matched controls without @entity6583 . Mean score in the Scheltens' scale was higher in case- @entity1 than in controls (P < 0.001). Atrophic hippocampi were noticed in 19 case- @entity1 and five controls (P = 0.003). Atrophy was bilateral in 11 case- @entity1 and unilateral in eight. All case- @entity1 with unilateral @entity194 had at least one ipsilateral calcification. This study shows an association between @entity194 and raises the possibility of an @entity32 -mediated hippocampal damage as the responsible mechanism for these findings.

title: Calcified XXXX associates with @entity194 : a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6583 :: ('MESH:D020019', 'Disease') :: ['neurocysticercosis']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['calcified cysticerci and hippocampal atrophy', 'atrophy', 'hippocampal atrophy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['refractory epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity6583 :: (MESH:D020019,Disease) :: ['neurocysticercosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiological evidence supports the existence of a survival advantage for female @entity1 with @entity320 . This survival advantage often persists when other prognostic variables are taken into account. The basis for this female advantage or male disadvantage is not established although female sex @entity230 can retard @entity320 in vitro. DESIGN: In considering the mechanisms involved, we have examined the literature to establish whether this female survival advantage is shared by other solid @entity5 . The @entity5 selected were breast, lung, @entity8650 . A Medline database search was carried out to identify those studies in which gender was investigated as a prognostic indicator. RESULTS: Results from large, mostly retrospective series show that for 5 of these 7 @entity5 groups, there is evidence for a female survival advantage. In particular, this survival advantage is usually more prominent in early stage disease. CONCLUSION: @entity320 is not unique in showing a female survival advantage. Although the current literature does not address the mechanisms involved, we suggest that these are worth investigating as they may contribute to new treatment modalities aimed at preventing metastatic spread.

title: Gender and survival in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8650 :: ('MESH:D012983', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal, oesophageal, gastric, pancreatic and soft tissue sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'Melanoma', 'melanoma invasion']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant tumours']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In most cases, @entity463 are associated with @entity410 , @entity10 , @entity51 , @entity2026 , or @entity548 . But these @entity5 are rarely associated with @entity385 and never so deadly. CASE REPORT: A 40-year-old @entity1 presented with sudden morning @entity2026 . One hour later, he developed a @entity51 at right upper member, quickly completed with a total right @entity1158 . Imaging studies revealed a left frontotemporal enhancing @entity463 with a perilesional @entity4 which produced an important mass effect on the posterior arm of the external capsule, on the primary motor cortex posteriorly and the entire sylvian valley anteriorly. Due to major surgical risks associated with @entity2500 and large @entity4 , we decided to postpone the @entity5 removal and introduce quickly high concentrations of @entity230 . Twenty-four hours after his admittance, the @entity1 presented a @entity1662 , @entity772 , and a left @entity5564 . A brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) revealed a left @entity2500 , deadly for the @entity1 . CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, @entity463 complicated by fatal @entity385 have not been reported. We discuss the pathology of such an event and try to figure out if it was predictable based on MRI finding, and inevitable with precocious surgery.

title: XXXX complicated by fatal malignant acute @entity385 : MRI finding to assist in tricky surgical decision.

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['malignant MCA infarction', 'left middle cerebral artery (MCA) inclusion']

entities_list: @entity5564 :: ('MESH:D015878', 'Disease') :: ['mydriasis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits', 'motor deficit']

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['aphasia', 'isolated aphasia']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['sudden impaired consciousness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma', 'glioblastomas']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction', 'ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['Glioblastoma']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity3652 or @entity3390 induced sensorimotor gating deficit, but the underlying neural mechanisms are not completely known. We have previously demonstrated that the @entity5381 ( @entity5381 ) mediated the @entity12781 -induced deficit in prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle (PPI) in @entity35 . OBJECTIVES: We investigated the involvement of the supramammillary area (SUM) to @entity5381 pathway in @entity73 and @entity146 induced by @entity3390 or @entity3652 in @entity35 and correlated the @entity146 with hippocampal gamma wave increase. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity3652 (6 mg/kg, s.c.) or @entity3390 (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered after infusion of saline or the @entity1246 (A) receptor agonist, @entity6341 (0.25 microg), into the @entity5381 or SUM. Locomotion, PPI, and hippocampal electroencephalogram (EEG) were recorded. RESULTS: @entity3390 or @entity3652 induced @entity73 and @entity146 , accompanied by an increase in hippocampal gamma waves (30-100 Hz). The changes in behavior and gamma waves induced by @entity3652 or @entity3390 were antagonized by pre-infusion of @entity6341 , but not saline, into the SUM or @entity5381 . Infusion of @entity6341 into the SUM alone did not significantly affect PPI, but it suppressed spontaneous locomotor behavior and hippocampal EEG. Infusion of ionotropic @entity2227 receptor antagonists into the @entity5381 did not affect the PPI deficit or the gamma wave increase after @entity3390 . CONCLUSIONS: A non-glutamatergic component of the supramammillo-septal pathway mediates the hyperlocomotion and the deficits in PPI induced by @entity3390 or @entity3652 . Inactivation of the @entity5381 or SUM normalized both the hippocampal gamma waves and the @entity146 ( @entity73 and hyperlocomotion).

title: The supramammillo-septal-hippocampal pathway mediates sensorimotor gating impairment and hyperlocomotion induced by XXXX and @entity3652 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity6341 :: ('MESH:D009118', 'Chemical') :: ['muscimol']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral deficits', 'behavioral hyperlocomotion']

entities_list: @entity12781 :: ('MESH:D010622', 'Chemical') :: ['phencyclidine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['PPI impairment']

entities_list: @entity5381 :: ('MESH:D061270', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'medial septum']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine', 'Ketamine']

answer: @entity3390 :: (MESH:D016291,Chemical) :: ['MK-801']


abstract: Using recently updated guidelines to evaluate and manage @entity4977 is discussed. @entity301 ( @entity301 ) is a costly chronic condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Epidemiologic data further indicate that @entity2299 and @entity558 , which may lead to @entity301 , are grossly undertreated. In 2001, the third National @entity165 Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel (ATP III) released updated guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of @entity4977 . Significant changes to the updated guidelines include designation of a @entity301 risk equivalent category identifying @entity1 who require aggressive management, recommendation of Framingham-based @entity301 risk assessment in @entity1 with multiple risk factors, revised target levels for several of the lipids and lipoproteins, and criteria for the identification of @entity1 with the @entity209 . Low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) continues to be the primary target of therapy. In addition, non-high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) is now defined as a secondary treatment target in @entity1 with @entity2298 . Increased emphasis is placed on the @entity209 , low HDL-C levels, and the presence of multiple and emerging risk factors in guiding the intensity of therapy. The NCEP ATP III guidelines acknowledge challenges in implementing and maintaining @entity1 adherence to both lifestyle changes and pharmacotherapy regimens and provide strategies for increasing treatment success. Implementation of these new guidelines will likely enhance identification, management, and treatment success rates among @entity1 at risk for @entity301 in the United States.

title: Role of the National @entity165 Education Program Adult treatment panel III guidelines in managing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['associated conditions']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'Coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity4977 :: ('MESH:D052439', 'Disease') :: ['lipid disorders']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity2299 :: (MESH:D050171,Disease) :: ['dyslipidemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Diet and nutritional factors have emerged as possible interventions for @entity29 ( @entity29 ), which are characterised by chronic uncontrolled @entity32 of the intestinal mucosa. Microalgal species are a promising source of n-3 @entity5204 and derived @entity3227 , which are lipid mediators with a key role in the resolution of @entity32 . The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of an @entity3228 -containing lyophilised biomass from Chlamydomonas debaryana on a recurrent @entity10776 ( @entity10776 )-induced @entity1960 @entity19 model. Moderate chronic @entity32 of the colon was induced in BALB/c @entity19 by weekly intracolonic instillations of low dose of @entity10776 . Administration of the lyophilised microalgal biomass started 2 weeks before @entity1960 induction and was continued throughout @entity1960 development. @entity19 were killed 48 h after the last @entity10776 challenge. Oral administration of the microalgal biomass reduced @entity10776 -induced @entity32 , evidenced by an inhibition of body weight loss, an improvement in colon morphology and a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines @entity637 , @entity635 , @entity777 and @entity636 . This product also down-regulated colonic expressions of inducible @entity842 , @entity1996 and NF-kB, as well as increased @entity3229 -y. In addition, lyophilised microalgal biomass up-regulated the expressions of the antioxidant transcription factor nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 and the target gene @entity10183 . This study describes for the first time the prophylactic effects of an @entity3228 -containing lyophilised microalgae biomass from C. debaryana in the acute phase of a recurrent @entity10776 -induced @entity1960 model in @entity19 . These findings suggest the potential use of this microalga, or derived @entity3227 , as a nutraceutical in the treatment of @entity29 .

title: Anti-inflammatory effects of an @entity3228 -containing lyophilised biomass from a microalga in a XXXX recurrent @entity1960 model.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'intestinal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3228 :: ('CHEBI:61121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxylipin']

entities_list: @entity3227 :: ('MESH:D054883', 'Chemical') :: ['oxylipins']

entities_list: @entity10776 :: ('CHEBI:53063', 'Chemical') :: ['2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid', 'TNBS']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The initial management of distal radius fractures in @entity1 is part of the usual practice of Emergency Medicine. However, no data are available evaluating the outcome of @entity174 that undergo closed reduction and casting by emergency physicians. STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess short-term outcomes after @entity174 reductions performed by emergency physicians. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study with matched controls was performed on @entity1 with a closed, displaced, or angulated @entity174 that required manipulation. The study group was defined as @entity1 in whom emergency physicians performed closed manipulation and cast immobilization without orthopedic consultation. The control group was defined as @entity1 who had closed reduction by an orthopedic resident. Two controls were identified for each study @entity1 on or around the same date of visit. During the 20-month period, the medical records of 22 study @entity1 and 42 controls were reviewed. The two groups were similar in age, @entity174 angulation and displacement, and skeletal maturity. RESULTS: All @entity1 had acceptable alignment at 3-5-day follow-up. Two study @entity1 and one control required re-manipulation at subsequent follow-up (p = 0.34). All other @entity1 in both groups who were seen at follow-up had satisfactory healing and function at 6-8 weeks after injury. Three study @entity1 and 4 controls had an unscheduled outpatient visit to the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) for cast-related problems (p = 0.80). None of these @entity1 developed @entity2054 . The mean length of stay in the @entity341 was lower in the study group than in the control group (3.1 h compared to 5.1 h, respectively; p = 0.0026). The mean facility charge also was lower in the study group ( 2182.50 compared to  3031 in the control group; p = 0.0006). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that emergency physicians may be able to successfully provide restorative care for @entity174 using closed reduction technique. Care rendered by emergency physicians was associated with a shorter length of stay and lower facility charges.

title: XXXX treated by emergency physicians.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'Emergency Department']

entities_list: @entity2054 :: ('MESH:D003161', 'Disease') :: ['compartment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric forearm fractures', 'distal forearm fractures', 'fracture', 'distal forearm fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Pediatric distal radial fractures']


abstract: In @entity8 tubular @entity194 leads to glomerular-tubule disconnection through an unknown mechanism. Here we studied whether @entity644 promoted glomerular-tubule disconnection in individual nephrons and whether this phenomenon was prevented by an angiotensin-converting enzyme ( @entity1811 ) inhibitor. Passive @entity8157 (PHN) and control @entity35 were studied at 4 and 8 months. Two additional groups of PHN @entity35 received @entity3593 (40 mg/L) or a @entity460 channel blocker ( @entity25007 , 3 mg/kg) from day 7 after surgery to 8 months. At sacrifice, kidneys were serially sectioned to identify glomerular- tubule abnormalities in individual nephrons and changes in interstitial volume. In PHN @entity35 , the time-dependent increase in @entity644 was paralleled by tubular @entity194 leading to glomerular-tubule disconnection and interstitial volume enlargement. Marked apoptosis was invariably found in atrophic tubules in contrast to the absent or very mild terminal @entity1977 nick-end labeling staining in tubules normally connected to glomeruli in PHN animals. Treatment with an @entity1811 inhibitor prevented @entity101 , @entity644 , the formation of @entity3202 , glomerular-tubule disconnection and limited the fractional interstitial volume expansion. Although @entity25007 limited @entity101 , it did not reduce @entity644 or prevent tubular @entity194 and disconnection. Multivariate analysis showed that the appearance of atubular glomeruli and the increase in interstitial volume were better predicted by @entity644 than blood pressure. This study suggests that @entity1811 inhibitors effectively prevent glomerular-tubule disconnection possibly by their ability of reducing @entity644 , which in turn favors proximal tubular cell apoptosis. Agents that only reduced @entity101 but not @entity644 do not affect tubular behavior.

title: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition prevents glomerular-tubule disconnection and @entity194 in passive @entity8157 , an effect not observed with a XXXX antagonist.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuric nephropathies']

entities_list: @entity25007 :: ('MESH:C060285', 'Chemical') :: ['lacidipine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic tubuli']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3593 :: ('MESH:D017706', 'Chemical') :: ['lisinopril']

entities_list: @entity8157 :: ('MESH:D015433', 'Disease') :: ['Heymann nephritis']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Extracellular signaling through receptors for neurotrophins mediates diverse neuronal functions, including survival, migration and differentiation in the central nervous system, but the transcriptional targets and regulators that mediate these diverse neurotrophin functions are not well understood. RESULTS: We have identified the @entity9829 ( @entity9829 ) genes @entity9830 , @entity14745 and @entity30264 as transcriptional targets of @entity9140 ( @entity9140 )/ @entity26304 signaling in primary cortical neurons, and show that the @entity9830 serum response element area responds to @entity9140 / @entity26304 in a manner dependent on a combined @entity16509 -Ebox element. The @entity14745 and @entity30264 promoters contain homologous regulatory elements. We found that @entity16509 / @entity40426 formed complexes in vitro and in vivo, and were recruited to all three homologous promoter regions. @entity16509 and @entity40426 co-operatively activated the @entity9830 promoter in transfection assays. Genetic depletion of @entity26303 receptors led to impaired recruitment of C/EBPs and @entity40426 in vivo, and elimination of @entity16509 and @entity19775 alleles reduced @entity9140 induction of @entity9830 , @entity14745 and @entity30264 in primary neurons. Finally, defective differentiation of cortical dendrites, as measured by @entity7001 staining, was observed in both compound Cebp and Ntrk knockout @entity19 . CONCLUSION: We here identify three @entity9829 genes as targets for @entity9140 / @entity26304 signaling, show that @entity69878 are recruited along with @entity40426 to target promoters, and that C/EBPs are essential mediators of @entity26303 signaling in cortical neurons. We show also that C/EBPs and Trks are required for cortical dendrite differentiation, consistent with Trks regulating dendritic differentiation via a @entity16509 -dependent mechanism. Finally, this study indicates that @entity9140 induction of @entity9829 genes important for neuronal function depends on transcription factors ( @entity16509 , @entity40426 ) up-regulated during neuronal development, thereby coupling the functional competence of the neuronal cells to their differentiation.

title: Neurotrophin/ @entity26303 receptor signaling mediates XXXX , - @entity40426 recruitment to @entity9829 gene promoters in neuronal cells and requires C/EBPs to induce @entity9829 gene transcription.

entities_list: @entity9140 :: ('12064(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['brain derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

answer: @entity16509 :: (12606(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['C/EBPalpha']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the value of visual evoked potentials with blue-on-yellow pattern stimulation in follow-up of @entity726 . METHODS: This prospective longitudinal concurrent study included a heterogeneous cohort of two groups, perimetric (n = 161) and preperimetric (n = 118), of @entity1 with chronic @entity1538 and 113 healthy control subjects. In the preperimetric @entity726 group, @entity1 showed @entity854 of the optic disc, maximum intraocular pressure higher than 21 mm Hg, and unremarkable computerized visual field examination results. @entity1 underwent up to three VEP measurements with blue-on-yellow pattern stimulation, as well as qualitative and morphometric evaluation of color stereo optic disc photographs. Mean follow-up time between measurements was 24 months. VEP measurements were separately analyzed in preperimetric subjects, with and without progression of @entity1781 . Progression of @entity726 was defined as increasing loss of neuroretinal rim. RESULTS: A separate analysis of VEP peak times in @entity1 in the preperimetric group, with and without progression of glaucomatous @entity1781 , showed no significant difference at baseline but a significant prolongation (P = 0.01) in @entity1 with progressive disease, 2 years before morphologic changes were evident. VEPs in @entity1 with nonprogressive disease were statistically unchanged during the observation period. The perimetric group and both preperimetric groups showed significantly prolonged VEP peak times in comparison with the control group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In addition to photographic evaluation to detect glaucomatous disc @entity194 , the blue-on-yellow VEP may be an objective electrophysiological tool for monitoring @entity1 with @entity726 , because peak times are significantly associated with progression of @entity1781 .

title: Monitoring XXXX progression with visual evoked potentials of the blue-sensitive pathway.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve damage']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Type 2 @entity6 (T2D) alters capillary hemodynamics, causes capillary rarefaction in skeletal muscle and alters endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype. These changes contribute to altered blood flow responses to physiological stimuli such as; exercise and @entity2690 secretion. T2D-induced @entity409 impairs @entity413 and @entity2690 delivery to skeletal muscle (and other tissues such as skin and nervous), thereby reducing @entity413 uptake and perpetuating @entity4854 and hypersinsulinemia. In @entity1 with T2D, exercise training (EX) improves microvascular vasodilator and @entity2690 signaling, and attenuates capillary rarefaction in skeletal muscle. EX-induced changes augment @entity413 / @entity2690 delivery and @entity413 uptake. If these adaptions occur in a sufficient amount of tissue, and skeletal muscle in particular, chronic exposure to @entity4854 and @entity3190 , and as the risk of microvascular complications in all vascular beds will decrease. We postulate that EX-programs that engage as much skeletal muscle mass, and recruit as many muscle fibers within each muscle, as possible will generate the greatest improvements in microvascular function, providing the duration of the stimulus is sufficient. Primary improvements in microvascular function occur in tissues (skeletal muscle primarily) engaged during exercise and secondary improvements in microvascular function throughout the body may result from improved blood @entity413 control. We propose that the added benefit of combined resistance and aerobic EX programs and of vigorous intensity EX programs is not simply "more is better". Rather, the additional benefit is the result of EX-induced adaptations in and around more muscle fibers, resulting in more muscle mass, and the associated microvasculature, being changed.

title: Endurance vs. interval sprint training and/or resistance training; impact on @entity409 in type 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Cartap is a widely used insecticide which belongs to a member of @entity70260 derivatives and acts on nicotinic @entity934 receptor site. Its effects on aquatic species are of grave concern. To explore the potential developmental @entity137 of cartap, @entity3392 embryos were continually exposed, from 0.5 to 144h post-fertilization, to a range of concentrations of 25-1000microg/l. Results of the experiment indicated that cartap concentrations of 100microg/l and above negatively affected embryo survival and hatching success. Morphological analysis uncovered a large suite of abnormalities such as less melanin pigmentation, wavy notochord, crooked trunk, fuzzy somites, neurogenesis defects and @entity154 . The most sensitive organ was proved to be the notochord which displayed defects at concentrations as low as 25microg/l. Both sensitivity towards exposure and localization of the defect were stage specific. To elucidate mechanisms concerning notochord, pigmentation, and hatching defects, enzyme assay, RT Q-PCR, and different exposure strategies were performed. For embryos with hatching failure, chorion was verified not to be digested, while removing cartap from exposure at early pre-hatching stage could significantly increase the hatching success. However, cartap was proved, via vitro assay, to have no effect on proteolytic activity of hatching enzyme. These findings implied that the secretion of hatching enzyme might be blocked. We also revealed that cartap inhibited the activity of melanogenic enzyme @entity60042 and matrix enzyme @entity12553 oxidase and induced expression of their genes. These suggested that cartap could impaired melanin pigmentation of @entity3392 embryos through inhibiting @entity60042 activity, while inhibition of @entity12553 oxidase activity was responsible for notochord undulation, which subsequently caused somite defect, and at least partially responsible for defects in vasculature and neurogenesis.

title: Developmental XXXX of cartap on @entity3392 embryos.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['vasculature defects']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity70260 :: ('MESH:C025633', 'Chemical') :: ['nereistoxin']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity746 ( @entity746 ). We aimed to demonstrate @entity2383 in @entity746 using a @entity880 stress test and to examine the relationship between @entity2383 with motor deterioration. METHODS: We enrolled 116 @entity1 and observed clinical variables, including the survival state. RESULTS: @entity1 with a rapid slope of revised @entity746 functional rating scales (ALSFRS-r) (>20 U/year) exhibited the slowest elimination rate (median -4.67 * 10-3 mmol  L-1  min-1 , coefficient of variation, 590.15%), the shortest duration (0.63    0.28 years) and the worst ALSFRS-r (32.59    4.93). @entity1 with a moderate slope of ALSFRS-r (10-20 U/year) showed a moderate elimination rate (median -11.33 * 10-3 mmol  L-1  min-1 , coefficient of variation, 309.89%), duration (1.16    0.45 years), and ALSFRS-r (34.83    6.11). The slower progressing (<10 U/year group) @entity1 exhibited a rapid elimination rate (median: -12.00 * 10-3 mmol  L-1  min-1 , coefficient of variation: 143.08%), longer duration (median: 3 years, coefficient of variation: 193.33%), and adequate ALSFRS-r values (39.58    9.44). Advanced-phase @entity746 @entity1 also showed slower elimination rate (ER, quartiles -17.33, -5.67, 4.00) and worse ALSFRS-r (34.88    9.27), while early-phase @entity1 showed a more rapid ER (quartiles -25.17, -11.33, -3.50) and better ALSFRS-r (39.28    7.59). These differences were statistically significant. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed strong direct associations among ER, ALSFRS-r slope (standard beta = 0.33, P = 0.007), and forced vital capacity (predict %) (standard beta = -0.458, P = 0.006, adjusted for ALSFRS-r, course and onset region). However, the data obtained from 3 years of follow-up showed no statistically significant difference in the survival rates between the most rapid and slowest ER groups. CONCLUSION: There is a potential linear relationship between ER and motor deterioration in @entity746 . Slower ER might be associated with @entity74 .

title: Elimination Rate of Serum Lactate is Correlated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['faster disease progression']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity746 :: (MESH:D000690,Disease) :: ['Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Progression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recently, it has been proved that fractional exhaled @entity842 (FENO) results are in disagreement with other measurements of @entity565 control. The objective of this work is to present and validate new @entity55 ratios. METHODS: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study in which we evaluated data from medical documentation of 1,529 pediatric and adolescent subjects and a small number (2% of the studied population) of young adults, who presented symptoms suggestive of @entity565 (age range 4-24 y). We are the first to analyze results obtained in this manner (before the introduction of controlled medication): FENO, spirometry, specific resistance of the airways, diagnosis of @entity56 , and allergen sensitization (specific immunoglobulin E results). RESULTS: Cut-off points for the new indicators allowed us to diagnose @entity565 in the study @entity1 : for FVC/FENO ratio, 0.17 L/ppb; for FEV1/FENO ratio, 0.15 L/ppb; for forced expiratory flow during the middle half of the FVC maneuver (FEF25-75%)/FENO ratio, 0.16 L/ppb; for FENO/FVC ratio, 11.00 ppb/L; for FENO/FEV1 ratio, 12.53 ppb/L; and for FENO/FEF25-75% ratio, 11.81 ppb/L. Only the ratios described above were closely correlated with the diagnosis of @entity565 and with one another. They significantly differed between subjects with @entity565 and healthy subjects as well as between females and males. Only FEF25-75%/FENO and FENO/FEF25-75% values were significant predictors of any sensitization in the studied subjects. We found higher sensitivity than specificity and higher positive predictive value than negative predictive value for FVC/FENO, FEV1/FENO, and FEF25-75%/FENO and found a mirror image for reverse parameters. However, the positive predictive values and negative predictive values were not clearly convincing with respect to diagnostic accuracy in the case of the new parameters proposed. CONCLUSIONS: We propose new @entity55 ratios by which it may become possible to diagnose @entity565 in @entity1 and adolescents on the basis of a subject's spirometry and FENO measurements. We believe that our ratios are only supportive of the universally used parameters in the process of diagnosing @entity565 .

title: Spirometry-Adjusted Fraction of Exhaled XXXX Allows Asthma Diagnosis in @entity1 , Adolescents, and Young Adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['lung function/lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['Nitric Oxide']


abstract: PURPOSE: To date the standard nosology and prognostic schemes for @entity5 have been based on morphologic and cytogenetic criteria. We sought to test the hypothesis that a comprehensive, unbiased analysis of somatic mutations may allow for an improved classification of these diseases to predict outcome (overall survival). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) of 274 @entity5 , including @entity2590 ( @entity2590 , N=75), @entity9713 ( @entity9713 , N=33), and @entity3052 ( @entity3052 , N=22), augmenting the resulting mutational data with public WES results from @entity3052 (N=144). We fit random survival forests (RSFs) to the @entity1 survival and clinical/cytogenetic data, with and without gene mutation information, to build prognostic classifiers. A targeted sequencing assay was used to sequence predictor genes in an independent cohort of 507 @entity1 , whose accompanying data were used to evaluate performance of the risk classifiers. RESULTS: We show that gene mutations modify the impact of standard clinical variables on @entity1 outcome, and therefore their incorporation hones the accuracy of prediction. The mutation-based classification scheme robustly predicted @entity1 outcome in the validation set (log rank P=6.77*10(-21); poor prognosis vs. good prognosis categories HR 10.4, 95% CI 3.21-33.6). The RSF-based approach also compares favorably with recently-published efforts to incorporate mutational information for @entity2590 prognosis. CONCLUSION: The results presented here support the inclusion of mutational information in prognostic classification of @entity5 . Our classification scheme is implemented in a publicly available web-based tool (http://myeloid-risk. CASE: edu/).

title: Whole-exome sequencing enhances prognostic classification of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid neoplasms', 'myeloid malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity9713 :: ('MESH:D054437', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasia', 'MDS/MPN']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['myeloid malignancies']


abstract: Many @entity1 with a late @entity134 -resistant @entity1985 (SRNS) and focal @entity631 have a poor prognosis and @entity454 (ESRF) within five years. Reports are scarce on the long-term follow-up of @entity1 entering remission while receiving immunosuppressive therapy after @entity230 have failed. A two-year-old @entity1 with focal and segmental @entity631 having both late @entity134 and @entity786 resistance entered complete remission of the SRNS almost two years after starting induction therapy with @entity205 ( @entity870 ). During the 15-year follow-up, the @entity1 experienced five relapses during @entity870 maintenance therapy. All relapses were successfully treated within 10 days by intravenous @entity1667 pulses in addition to @entity870 . The relapses were accompanied by a drop in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). At the age of 18 years, the @entity1 had @entity740 (GFR=61 ml/ @entity1009 .73 m2). At the age of 14 years, @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) was added to the maintenance therapy and the @entity870 dosage was reduced. Two renal biopsies at the ages of 10 and 18 years failed to detect @entity870 nephrotoxicity. We conclude that @entity1 with SRNS may have long-term benefit from a combination therapy using intravenous @entity1667 pulses and @entity870 .

title: Fifteen-year remission of a @entity134 -resistant @entity1985 sustained by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['grade II chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['enter end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine A']


abstract: The purpose of this experimental study was to establish a short-term post-mortem circulation in a @entity1707 model using liquid paraffin. This study also investigated the quality of vascular perfusion in the peripheral tissues. This is the first step in the development of a new revascularized @entity1 surgical training model. This first experience was performed on the hind leg of a @entity1707 . Initial cannulation of the external iliac artery and vein was followed by connection of the arterial inflow to a @entity299 and using the venous outflow to flush @entity4461 and blood. Subsequently, after connecting the venous outflow to the @entity299 , circulation was initiated. Circulation was established during 27  min, during which the flow was constantly 130  mL/min. A steady increase in inlet pressure was observed during the experiment, which finally reached a minimum value of 124  mmHg. Perfusion was interrupted early due to an uncontrollable fluid leak. Afterwards, the distal hind leg was incised showing an equal distribution of @entity982 . A short-term revascularization was successfully re-established under excellent conditions. Although the results are promising, further experiments are necessary to eventually perform a wide range of surgical procedures on revascularized @entity1 cadavers.

title: Post-mortem Reperfusion of a XXXX : a First Step to a New Surgical Training Model?

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['post-mortem clots']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart-lung machine']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['Pig']


abstract: Continuous exposure to naturally-derived chemotherapy agents such as @entity2879 may theoretically override drug resistance due to overexpression of the multidrug resistance gene product, @entity1262 . @entity619 in high dose may have a similar overriding effect. Data also suggest that @entity1260 both by continuous infusion and when combined with a @entity902 compound may be more effective. Forty-four chemotherapy-refractory/relapsed @entity706 @entity1 received the DICE infusional regimen. The programme consisted of @entity619 40 mg i.v. daily for 4 days, @entity1260 1500 mg mixed with equal dosing of mesna continuously infused i.v. daily for 4 days, @entity900 25 mg i.v. each day for 4 days and @entity2879 150 mg continuously infused i.v. daily for 4 days, all administered every 3 weeks. Doses of @entity1260 and @entity2879 were escalated by 250 mg and 25 mg, respectively, based on @entity1 tolerance, usually lack of myelosuppression. Special hydration was not required. @entity1261 support was provided to @entity1 as required. All @entity1 had disease that had relapsed from or was resistant to @entity3726 or a similar @entity4349 -containing combination regimen. A majority had previously received at least two regimens and 27% had received three or more. Of 44 @entity1 , 32 (73%) achieved a significant response consisting of 18 complete remissions (CR) (41%) and 14 (32%) partial remissions (PR). There were 81% objective responses in large cell @entity706 comprised of 50% CR and 31% PR. Previous response to chemotherapy predicted response to DICE: 83% (25/30) of prior responders vs 50% (7/14) of non-responders had a response to the treatment regimen (p = 0.031, Fisher's exact test). @entity1 not undergoing transplantation had a median time of 8 months on therapy and a mean of 10 months. @entity137 was haematological (36% developing grade III-IV @entity137 ) and neurological (9%). There were only three episodes of clinical @entity2335 or gross haematuria. Infusional DICE is an easily administered and well tolerated programme with significant activity in refractory or relapsed @entity1893 and may be useful as a @entity5 -reductive therapy prior to high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation.

title: DICE ( @entity619 , @entity1260 , XXXX , @entity2879 ) infusional chemotherapy for refractory or relapsed @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: The natural history of @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ) is not well defined and its clinical course is variable. We sought to investigate the survival and incidence of acute exacerbations (AEs) and their significant predictors in newly diagnosed @entity1 . 70 @entity1 newly diagnosed with @entity2416 were prospectively followed for at least 3 yrs. Baseline evaluation included Medical Research Council dyspnoea score (MRCDS), 6-min walk test, pulmonary function tests, all of which were repeated at 6 months, and high-resolution computed tomography. A retrospective cohort of 68 @entity1 was used for confirmation. Mean survival from the time of diagnosis was 30 months, with a 3-yr mortality of 46%. A Risk stratificatiOn ScorE (ROSE) based on MRCDS > 3, 6-min walking distance  <= 72% predicted and composite physiologic index > 41 predicted 3-yr mortality with high specificity. 6-month progression of ROSE predicted rapid progression. 3-yr incidence of AE was 18.6%, mostly occurring in the first 18 months; risk factors for AE were concomitant @entity2415 and low diffusing coefficient of the lung for @entity1223 . Results were confirmed in an independent cohort of @entity1 . In newly diagnosed @entity2416 , advanced disease at presentation, rapid progression and AEs are the determinants of 3-yr survival. The purpose of the multifactorial ROSE is to risk-stratify @entity1 in order to predict survival and detect rapid disease progression.

title: Predicting survival in newly diagnosed XXXX : a 3-year prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['IPF', 'idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

answer: @entity2416 :: (MESH:D054990,Disease) :: ['idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Cytoreductive nephrectomy is commonly performed in @entity1 with @entity1358 before systemic @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ) therapy. Open nephrectomy is associated with prolonged recovery during which @entity3 can progress. The feasibility of laparoscopic cytoreductive surgery in these @entity1 with large @entity703 was examined. The role of @entity5 morcellation in reducing the recovery period and allowing earlier treatment with @entity1199 was investigated. METHODS: @entity1 with metastatic @entity703 underwent either open nephrectomy (group 1, n = 19) or laparoscopic cytoreductive nephrectomy (n = 11; 6 with @entity5 morcellation [group 2], 5 with @entity5 through a small incision [group 3]). The three groups were compared to evaluate relative recovery, suitability for treatment with @entity1199 , and laparoscopic port site seeding. RESULTS: A group of 19 @entity1 underwent open nephrectomy (group 1). Eleven @entity1 with a median @entity5 volume of 377 cm3 (median @entity5 diameter 9 cm) underwent laparoscopic cytoreductive nephrectomy. Six of these @entity1 underwent @entity5 morcellation (group 2) and 5 underwent laparoscopic assisted nephrectomy (group 3). There was no difference in @entity1 age, sex, sites of @entity3 , ECOG status, size of @entity703 , or surgical complication rates among groups. @entity1 whose @entity5 was morcellated had reduced postoperative parenteral narcotic requirements and were discharged sooner than @entity1 undergoing open cytoreductive nephrectomy. Time to treatment with @entity1199 was shortest in the morcellation group (median time to treatment 37 days). No port site seeding was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic cytoreductive nephrectomy in @entity1 with bulky @entity8 is a safe procedure in selected @entity1 . This pilot study demonstrated a significant association of @entity5 morcellation with less postoperative @entity158 , faster time to discharge, and shorter time to treatment with @entity1199 . A randomized study is warranted to determine the role of laparoscopic cytoreductive nephrectomy with @entity5 morcellation.

title: Laparoscopic cytoreductive nephrectomy as preparation for administration of systemic XXXX in the treatment of @entity1358 : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'laparoscopic tumor', 'removal of the tumor']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancer', 'renal tumor', 'renal tumors']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['interleukin-2']


abstract: Dopaminergic neurons are present in both plexuses of the @entity19 bowel and are upregulated after extrinsic denervation but play unknown roles in enteric nervous system (ENS) physiology. Transcripts encoding @entity935 (DA) receptors D1-D5 were analyzed by reverse transcription-PCR in stomach approximately duodenum approximately ileum approximately proximal > > distal colon. Dissected muscle and myenteric plexus contained transcripts encoding D1-D3 and D5, whereas mucosa contained D1 and D3-D5. D1-D5 expression began in fetal gut [embryonic day 10 (E10)], before the appearance of neurons (E12), and was sustained without developmental regulation through postnatal day 1. In situ hybridization revealed that subsets of submucosal and myenteric neurons contained mRNA encoding D2 or D3. Immunoblots confirmed that D1, D2, and D5 receptor proteins were present from stomach through distal colon. Subsets of submucosal and myenteric neurons were also D1, D2, or D3 immunoreactive. When double labeled by in situ hybridization, these neurons contained mRNA encoding the respective receptors. @entity344 ( @entity344 ) and colonic transit time (CTT) were measured in @entity19 lacking D2, D3, or D2 plus D3. Both @entity344 and CTT were decreased significantly (motility increased) in D2 and D2 plus D3, but not D3, knock-out animals. @entity19 lacking D2 and D2 plus D3 but not D3 were smaller than wild-type littermates, yet ate significantly more and had greater stool frequency, water content, and mass. Because motility is abnormal when D2 is absent, the net inhibitory DA effect on motility is physiologically significant. The early expression of DA receptors is also consistent with the possibility that DA affects ENS development.

title: Physiological modulation of intestinal motility by enteric dopaminergic neurons and the D2 receptor: analysis of XXXX receptor expression, location, development, and function in wild-type and knock-out @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['Total gastrointestinal transit time', 'TGTT']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and risk factors of overweight (OW) and @entity28 ( @entity28 ) by BMI and @entity1144 ( @entity1144 ) by waist-to-height ratio, (WHtR) among the Balearic Islands' adult population. METHODS: Cross-sectional nutritional survey carried out in the Balearic Islands (2009-2010). A random sample (n = 1,081) of young (18-35 years) and middle-aged adults (36-55 years) were interviewed and anthropometrically measured. OW (BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m(2)) and @entity28 (BMI >=  30 kg/m(2)) were defined according to WHO criteria. @entity1144 was defined as WHtR >=  0.5. Socio-economic and lifestyle determinants were considered. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of OW/ @entity28 and @entity1144 was 29.4% (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 26.9-32.3%), 11.2% (95% CI 9.5-13.2%) and 33.1% (95% CI 30.4-36.0%), respectively. @entity1 showed higher prevalence of OW (35.9%, 95% CI 31.6-40.5%) and @entity1144 (37.9%, 95% CI 33.6-42.5%) than @entity1 (OW 24.9%, 95% CI 21.7-28.4%; @entity1144 29.7%, 95%CI 26.2-33.4%). Overall prevalence of @entity28 was 11.8% (95% CI 9.1-15.1%) in @entity1 and 10.8% (95% CI 8.6-13.5%) in @entity1 . Age and no leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) were main risk factors associated with OW/ @entity28 and @entity1144 . Living with at least one @entity1 at home and to be married in @entity1 as well as to be unemployed, to be born in South America, and a low level of education in @entity1 were associated with @entity1144 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 showed higher prevalence of OW and @entity1144 than @entity1 . In both sexes, age is the main risk factor associated with OW/ @entity28 and @entity1144 ; in @entity1 also the absence of LTPA plays a significant role.    2015 S. Karger GmbH, Freiburg.

title: Prevalence and Related Risk Factors of Overweight and XXXX among the Adult Population in the Balearic Islands, a Mediterranean Region.

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['AO', 'abdominal obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Obesity']


abstract: Treating @entity1 with @entity166 relies heavily on rapid and proper diagnosis. Molecular detection such as PCR has become increasingly important and efforts have been made to simplify these detection methods. This study reports the development of a glass fibre-based lateral flow DNA biosensor that uses capture reagents coupled to carrier beads and detector reagent bioconjugated to gold nanoparticles, for the detection of foodborne pathogen, @entity1838 . The DNA biosensor contains a test line which captures target PCR amplicons, an internal amplification control (IC) line which captures IC amplicons and a control line which acts as membrane control to validate the functionality of this device. The test line captures biotin labelled DNA, while the IC line captures digoxigenin labelled DNA. The detector reagent recognizes the @entity941 haptens of the amplified DNA and produces visual red lines. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies performed indicated that the capture reagents remained relatively immobile within the matrix of the membrane even after binding of the detector reagent. The DNA biosensor recorded a limit of detection (LoD) of 5ng of target DNA. A clinical evaluation was carried out with 174 strains of @entity1838 and non @entity1838 bacteria and the DNA biosensor recorded 100% for both sensitivity and specificity when compared to conventional agarose gel detection of DNA. Thus it is a viable alternative to agarose gel analysis and is easy-to-use, disposable and do not require any specialized equipment and use of carcinogenic chemicals.

title: A rapid DNA biosensor for the molecular diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity1838 :: ('666', 'Species') :: ['V. cholerae', 'Vibrio cholerae']

answer: @entity166 :: (MESH:D003141,Disease) :: ['infectious disease']


abstract: QUESTIONS UNDER STUDY: Many @entity1 with @entity955 ( @entity955 ), risk factors for @entity64 and no obvious contraindications do not receive oral anticoagulation. Estimations of the increased rate of @entity64 due to neglected anticoagulation, particularly in an elderly, non-selected population, are unknown. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with paroxysmal or permanent @entity955 admitted to the medical or surgical department of our hospital for any reason were studied. Risk factors for @entity64 and contraindications for anticoagulation were recorded. Estimations of the increased rate of cerebrovascular events due to neglected anticoagulation were based on data of a large meta-analysis. @entity1 were further stratified into different age and risk groups. RESULTS: 484 @entity1 with a mean age of 75 (12) years were studied, 45% were female. 237 @entity1 had no oral anticoagulation at hospital discharge, despite guideline recommendations. Contraindications for anticoagulation were found in 85 (36%) of these @entity1 , resulting in 152 @entity1 with neglected anticoagulation (31% of all @entity1 with @entity955 ). We estimated that, if all those @entity1 would have been treated according to guidelines, 7.4 @entity64 per year could be prevented in the study population. The estimated rate of preventable events was 4.9%/year (7.4/152). CONCLUSIONS: With better adherence to guidelines for oral anticoagulation in @entity1 with @entity955 and risk factors for @entity64 , a significant number of @entity64 could be prevented.

title: @entity955 : estimated excess rate of XXXX due to lacking adherence to guidelines.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']