abstract: BACKGROUND: In contrast to adult hepatocytes, @entity2241 ( @entity2241 ) are thought to be highly proliferative, less immunogenic, and resistant to cryopreservation and @entity63 . These qualities could enhance @entity2241 engraftment, proliferation, and gene transfer requiring active DNA synthesis. METHODS: @entity35 @entity2241 were obtained using the nonperfusion collagenase/DNase digestion method. Free and cultured cells were studied using electron microscopy, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and Northern analysis using @entity12074 and albumin as markers of hepatocyte lineage. DNA synthetic activity was measured in quiescent and mitogen-stimulated fetal and adult hepatocytes by @entity665 incorporation. Susceptibility of cultured @entity2241 to retrovirally mediated gene transfer was studied using an amphotropic retroviral vector carrying the @entity526 lac-Z gene. Nagase analbuminemic @entity35 were used as recipients to study the effects of intraportal @entity2241 transplantation. Analysis of serum albumin was carried out by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: In fetal liver, 87+/-2% of the cells showed morphological and molecular features of hepatocytes. DNA synthetic activity in nonstimulated cultured @entity2241 was 10 times greater than the maximal hepatocyte growth factor-driven response in adult @entity35 hepatocytes. A total of 5-15% @entity2241 stained positive for X-gal; results of transduction in adult hepatocyte cultures were negative. In Nagase analbuminemic @entity35 recipients, @entity2241 produced significant amounts of albumin only when a hepatic regenerative stimulus was applied. Immunohistochemistry confirmed presence of albumin-positive hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Fetal @entity35 liver from the late gestation period is highly enriched with hepatocyte progenitors. They are highly proliferative and susceptible to retroviral transduction and can engraft and function in the adult @entity35 liver if transplanted under a hepatic regenerative stimulus.

title: Fetal XXXX hepatocytes: isolation, characterization, and transplantation in the Nagase analbuminemic @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['FH', 'fetal hepatocytes']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy after curative resection in serosa-negative @entity356 @entity1 (excluding @entity1 who were T1N0), we conducted a multicenter phase III clinical trial in which 13 @entity5 centers in Japan participated. @entity1 AND METHODS: From January 1993 to December 1994, 252 @entity1 were enrolled into the study and allocated randomly to adjuvant chemotherapy or surgery alone. The chemotherapy comprised intravenous mitomycin 1.33 mg/m2, @entity1487 (FU) 166.7 mg/m2, and @entity2592 13.3 mg/m2 twice weekly for the first 3 weeks after surgery, and oral FU 134 mg/m2 daily for the next 18 months for a total dose of 67 g/m2. The primary end point was relapse-free survival. Overall survival and the site of recurrence were secondary end points. RESULTS: Ninety-eight percent of @entity1 underwent gastrectomy with D2 or greater lymph node dissection. There were no treatment-related @entity204 and few serious adverse events. There was no significant difference in relapse-free and overall survival between the arms (5-year relapse-free survival 88.8% chemotherapy v 83.7% surgery alone; P =.14 and 5-year survival 91.2% chemotherapy v 86.1% surgery alone; P =.13, respectively). Nine @entity1 (7.1%) in the chemotherapy arm and 17 @entity1 (13.8%) in the surgery-alone arm had @entity5 recurrence. CONCLUSION: There was no statistically significant relapse-free or overall survival benefit with this adjuvant chemotherapy for @entity1 with macroscopically serosa-negative @entity356 after curative resection, and there was no statistical difference between the two arms relating to the types of @entity5 recurrence. We do not recommend adjuvant chemotherapy with this regimen for this population in clinical practice.

title: Randomized trial of adjuvant chemotherapy with mitomycin, @entity1487 , and @entity2592 followed by oral @entity1487 in serosa-negative XXXX : Japan Clinical Oncology Group 9206-1.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of @entity24770 on chondrocytes cultured with or without @entity20655 . DESIGN: @entity235 articular chondrocytes were cultured in three-dimensional (3-D) agarose constructs. Cells were distributed into each of the two groups, those without @entity20655 and those with @entity20655 added to the liquid media. Each group was subdivided into three groups, based on the presence of @entity24770 . @entity20655 and TIMPs were added to liquid media bathing the 3-D constructs beginning on day 3. The liquid media and the 3-D constructs were collected on days 9, 15, and 24, and analyzed histologically, biochemically, and immunohistochemically. RESULTS: Addition of @entity11800 or -2 resulted in decreases in @entity22308 concentrations of 37 and 41%, and @entity56358 immunoreactivity of 32 and 36%, respectively, compared with the @entity20655 group, on day 9. Chondrocytes in groups without @entity20655 maintained viability and produced abundant extracellular matrix (ECM). Chondrocytes in @entity20655 groups appeared less viable and produced less ECM compared with those without @entity20655 . Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) concentrations in 3-D constructs (GAG/weight) were significantly (P<0.001) higher in groups without @entity20655 than in those with @entity20655 , on days 15 and 24. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of TIMP was not detrimental to chondrocytes, as used in this study. Despite evidence of decreased MMP levels, TIMPs did not prevent @entity20655 -associated changes in cellular or ECM characteristics. Further study is necessary before clinically relevant conclusions can be drawn regarding the use of TIMPs in the treatment of @entity571 .

title: The effects of @entity24770 on XXXX chondrocytes cultured in three-dimensional agarose culture system.

entities_list: @entity22308 :: ('403445(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity24770 :: ('403816;403633', 'Gene') :: ['tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and -2', 'TIMP-1 or -2']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: As a model for @entity746 ( @entity746 ), transgenic @entity1367 ( @entity24869 ) @entity19 constitute the standard tool for evaluating future therapeutic strategies. Due to axonal retraction from neuromuscular junctions, the animals suffer from @entity2057 leading to weakness and @entity912 of the extremities, which in early stages can be detected by measuring @entity353 . Suspecting that underlying mechanisms might yield @entity4094 ahead of @entity353 onset, we wanted to determine a behavioural test to detect disease onset time earlier. We compared the monitoring of weight with the "forced" examination of grip strength and the investigation of freely behaving animals within an open field. Additionally, we compared two different data analysis methods: (1) two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction (2) break point analysis calculating symptom onset time points for each animal. Break point analysis revealed onset times that significantly preceded those obtained by standard two-way ANOVA. Open field analysis of freely moving animals could not give an advantage over @entity353 measurements. Grip strength assessment of hindlimbs detected disease onset 36 days before the first evidence of @entity353 , providing a maximal treatment window of 84 days on average before the death of male animals. We conclude that grip strength analysis of hindlimbs is a very sensitive and reproducible motor behavioural test, which can even be applied to small cohorts of animals. Combined with break point analysis, it represents the method of choice to detect early disease onset in @entity1367 ( @entity24869 ) @entity19 .

title: Reassessment of motor-behavioural test analyses enables the detection of early disease-onset in a transgenic @entity19 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['subtle neuromuscular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle wasting']

answer: @entity746 :: (MESH:D000690,Disease) :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical and immunological profile of @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). DESIGN: Retrospective hospital based study. SETTING: Tertiary level center of North India. SUBJECTS: Sixteen @entity1 in the age group 4-12 years. METHODS: Medical records of @entity1 with @entity1252 were analyzed. Clinico pathological features were compared with 2 other series from India. RESULTS: Mean age of @entity1 at the time of diagnosis was 10 yr and 8 (50%) @entity1 were less than 10 yr of age. The female to male ratio was 7:1. Fever (56.2%), @entity1910 (87%) and @entity625 (87%) were the common clinical manifestations, Renal involvement was noted in 56.2% of cases. Other clinical features included @entity5714 (31.2%), @entity882 (18.6%) and @entity2407 (12.5%). Cardiac involvement in the form of severe @entity2401 and @entity884 occurred in one @entity1 each. @entity120 was the presenting feature in one @entity1 with @entity712 . One @entity1 had @entity15 along with @entity1252 --a rare combination. ANA positivity was seen in all @entity1 . Five @entity1 died; two had severe @entity299 . Three @entity1 had renal involvement and one died of @entity120 . Two-thirds of subjects with renal involvement improved after therapy according to NIH, Bethesda protocol. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1252 must be considered in any @entity1 with @entity66 , as the disease may have certain unusual presentations.

title: Clinical and immunological profile of XXXX : some unusual features.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['right heart failure']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multisystem disease']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ["Raynaud's phenomenon"]

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'Pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac involvement']

entities_list: @entity5714 :: ('MESH:D000743', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['SLE']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated @entity66 associated with substantial economic, clinical, and humanistic burden. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to understand the disutility of @entity1 with @entity1569 , using mean baseline EuroQoL five dimensions (EQ-5D) index scores reported in the published literature, and to compare this to @entity1 with other @entity102 . METHODS: Two systematic literature searches were conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Searches were conducted in ten databases including Embase, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). The first search (December 2013) used search terms psoria* AND (EQ5D OR EQ OR EUROQoL). Only publications of original research, which reported baseline EQ-5D scores for mild/moderate/severe @entity1569 , were included. The second search (March 2014) used the terms (systematic review) AND (EQ5D OR EQ 5D OR EuroQoL). Titles were screened by two independent reviewers. Four independent reviewers reviewed titles and full-length papers. EQ-5D scores for @entity1569 @entity1 were qualitatively compared with scores from @entity1 with other @entity102 identified through the literature search. RESULTS: Of 133 publications on @entity1569 , 12 met the inclusion criteria. The mean EQ-5D index scores for @entity1569 (all severities) ranged from 0.52 (standard deviation: 0.39) to 0.9 (standard deviation: 0.1). Of the 48 results from the second search, six met the inclusion criteria. The reported EQ-5D lower limit for other diseases ranged from 0.20 ( @entity6 ) to 0.66 ( @entity409 ). The highest EQ-5D estimates for other diseases ranged from 0.79 ( @entity409 ) to 0.93 ( @entity5 @entity1 ). Both lower and upper EQ-5D estimates in @entity1569 @entity1 were within the range of those reported for other @entity102 . CONCLUSION: Comparative studies of morbidity are relevant in health care studies and @entity1 advocacy. This systematic review demonstrates that the ranges of disutility among @entity1569 @entity1 are within the ranges of other @entity102 ( @entity65 , @entity6 , end-stage @entity8 , @entity409 , @entity5 , and @entity227 ).

title: A systematic literature review to compare quality of life in @entity1569 with other XXXX using EQ-5D-derived utility values.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal diseases']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual disorders']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis', 'psoriasis vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'Type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['dermatological disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic diseases']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to investigate the role of miRNAs in HPV-mediated cervical @entity5 and @entity5 cases in Indian population. We analysed the @entity281 and its genotypes in uterine cervical @entity5 (n   =   80), @entity5 (n   =   200) and normal cervical samples (n   =   150) by consensus sequence PCR followed by type specific PCRs. Also, microRNA profiling was done in a subset of cervical @entity5 (n   =   20), @entity5 cases (n   =   50) and normal samples (n   =   30) by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). The prevalence of @entity281 in @entity5 was found to be 81  % (65/80) and 94  % (188/200) in @entity5 cases, with most predominant high-risk HPV @entity1799 (HR- @entity1799 ) in 83  % of @entity5 and 91  % of pre- @entity5 cases, respectively. Whereas in controls, the @entity281 was found to be very low (5  %). The miRNA profiling revealed that in cervical @entity5 , 100 miRNAs were significantly (p   <   0.001) differentially expressed with 70 miRNAs upregulated and 30 miRNAs downregulated. In @entity5 cases, 383 miRNA were found to be differentially expressed (p   <   0.001), of which 350 miRNAs were upregulated and 33 miRNAs were downregulated. We also observed that 182 miRNAs were differentially expressed (p   <   0.001) in @entity1799 /18-positive ( @entity1 /HeLa) cell lines compared with HPV-negative ( @entity1 ) cell line. In addition, we identified the novel microRNAs such as @entity69701 , @entity43357 , @entity69702 , @entity35482 and @entity69703 in cervical @entity1613 and @entity5 cases in Indian population. Taken together, the study demonstrates a crucial role of microRNAs in @entity5 , which may serve as potential early diagnostic markers for cervical @entity105 .

title: Novel MicroRNA signatures in HPV-mediated cervical XXXX in Indian @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'pre-cancer', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesions']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['carcinogenesis']


abstract: PURPOSE: We investigated the surgical outcomes of clinical-T1b @entity2220 @entity1 whose @entity5 had a solid-dominant radiological appearance and who were treated with segmentectomy or lobectomy. METHODS: We examined 154 surgically resected clinical-T1b @entity2220 with a "solid-dominant" appearance on thin-section computed tomography (CT). The preoperative thin-section CT images of all cases were reviewed. "Solid-dominant" was defined as 0.5 <= consolidation/ @entity5 ratio (CTR) <1.0. RESULTS: Pathological nodal metastasis, lymphatic invasion, @entity1350 , and @entity3 were found in 7 (4.5  %), 27 (18  %), 21 (14  %), and 15 (10  %) @entity1 with clinical-T1b solid-dominant @entity2220 , respectively. Lobectomy and segmentectomy were performed in 123 (80  %) and 31 (20  %) cases, respectively. The 3-year @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ) of @entity1 with clinical-T1b solid-dominant @entity2220 were 95.5 and 92.4  %, respectively. The 3-year @entity4557 and @entity1349 did not differ significantly between the @entity1 who underwent lobectomy or segmentectomy (3-year @entity4557 , 92.3 vs. 93.4  %, p  =  0.8713; 3-year @entity1349 , 95.3 vs. 96.6  %, p  =  0.7603). Segmentectomy was not found to be a prognostic factor for @entity4557 (p  =  0.8714), or @entity1349 (p  =  0.7613). CONCLUSIONS: Segmentectomy can achieve acceptable oncological outcomes (both in terms of @entity1349 and @entity4557 ), which are similar to those achieved with standard lobectomy, in @entity1 with clinical-T1b solid-dominant @entity2220 .

title: The oncological outcomes of segmentectomy in clinical-T1b XXXX with a solid-dominant appearance on thin-section computed tomography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'relapse-free survival']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1350 :: ('MESH:D019043', 'Disease') :: ['vascular invasion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['pleural invasion']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinomas', 'lung adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity2220 :: (MESH:C538231,Disease) :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: @entity101 is one of the main cardiovascular risk factors in the elderly. The aims of this work were to evaluate if a one-year intervention with two Mediterranean diets (Med-diet) could decrease blood pressure (BP) due to a high @entity3978 consumption, and if the decrease in BP was mediated by plasma @entity842 (NO) production. METHODS AND RESULTS: An intervention substudy of 200 @entity1 at high cardiovascular risk was carried out within the PREDIMED trial. They were randomly assigned to a low-fat control diet or to two Med-diets, one supplemented with extra virgin olive oil (Med-EVOO) and the other with nuts (Med-nuts). Anthropometrics and clinical parameters were measured at baseline and after one year of intervention, as well as BP, plasma NO and total @entity3978 excretion (TPE) in urine samples. Systolic and diastolic BP decreased significantly after a one-year dietary intervention with Med-EVOO and Med-nuts. These changes were associated with a significant increase in TPE and plasma NO. Additionally, a significant positive correlation was observed between changes in urinary TPE, a biomarker of TP intake, and in plasma NO (Beta  =  4.84; 95% CI: 0.57-9.10). CONCLUSIONS: TPE in spot urine sample was positively correlated with plasma NO in Med-diets supplemented with either EVOO or nuts. The statistically significant increases in plasma NO were associated with a reduction in systolic and diastolic BP levels, adding to the growing evidence that @entity6398 might protect the cardiovascular system by improving the endothelial function and enhancing endothelial synthesis of NO.

title: Effects of total dietary @entity6398 on plasma XXXX and blood pressure in a high cardiovascular risk cohort. The PREDIMED randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity3978 :: ('CHEBI:26195', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity6398 :: ('MESH:D059808', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenols']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2850 ( @entity2850 ) system was designed to provide bone stability and to enhance bone healing. However, implant failure, nonunion and instability are still frequently encountered complications. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the biomechanical characteristics of a novel @entity2166 ( @entity2166 ) with the commonly used @entity2850 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve 4th generation composite artificial femoral bones were used. Transverse @entity174 was created in all bones, 6 femurs were fixated using the novel @entity2166 , whereas the other 6 femurs were fixated using the traditional @entity2850 . All samples had undergone a non-destructive repetitive different forces (axial compression, bending and torsion), to evaluate the biomechanical differences between the two plating systems. RESULTS: Under axial load the mean stiffness value was 439.0  N/mm for the @entity2166 and 158.9  N/mm for the @entity2850 , @entity2166 showed a statistically significant stiffness value than @entity2850 with a P value of 0.004. There was no significant difference in flexion/extension bending strain values between @entity2166 and @entity2850 . However @entity2850 provided significantly stiffer fixation in medial and lateral bending tests than @entity2166 (P  =  0.037) and (P  =  0.016) respectively. But no significant difference was detected between the two plating system in the applied torsional stress. CONCLUSION: These results do not show any significant biomechanical difference in the applied torsional and bending stresses between @entity2850 and @entity2166 . However the remarkably increased persistent compression effect of the @entity2166 created a considerable stress on @entity174 edges which may accelerate bone healing.

title: A novel @entity2166 for XXXX : An in vitro biomechanical study.

entities_list: @entity2166 :: ('MESH:D000275', 'Disease') :: ['adjustable dynamic plate', 'ADP']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['LCP', 'Locking compression plate']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['treatment of long bone fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the audiometric patterns of @entity393 due to the @entity14505 mutation in the mitochondrial DNA. @entity1 AND METHODS: We include 55 subjects with the @entity14505 mutation from 6 unrelated families, affected by nonsyndromic @entity1274 and residing in Cantabria. The @entity14505 mutation was found in homoplasmy in all the families, except in one family, in which it was in heteroplasmy. Aside from standard history taking and general otolaryngological examination, pure tone audiometry was carried out in all @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity393 was developed by most of the @entity1 . The auditory defect was a slowly progressive bilateral symmetrical @entity1274 , affecting mainly the high frequencies. In @entity1 in which @entity4028 @entity2167 could be excluded, @entity393 usually ranged from mild to moderate, with a late onset. In 17 cases there were previous history of treatment with a @entity2167 drugs, and most of them developed severe @entity393 . One of them was deaf-mute. No audometric differences between families with the homoplasmic and the heteroplasmic @entity14505 mutation were observed. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with the @entity14505 mutation generally present bilateral symmetrical @entity1274 , ranging from mild to moderate, slowly progressive, which is obvious approximately in the second decade of life and affects specially the high frequencies. @entity393 severity is increased by treatment with @entity581 .

title: [Audiometric features of @entity393 transmitted by mitochondrial inheritance ( XXXX )].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['ototoxic', 'ototoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['familial hearing impairment', 'hearing loss', 'Hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity14505 :: (c|SUB|A|1555|G,DNAMutation) :: ['A1555G']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epithelial growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRis) and bevacizumab ( @entity1493 ) are used in combination with chemotherapy for the treatment of metastatic @entity14 (mCRC). However, few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have directly compared their relative efficacy on progression-free survival (PFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of first-line RCTs comparing (1) EGFRis vs. @entity1493 , with chemotherapy in both arms (2) EGFRis + chemotherapy vs. chemotherapy alone, or (3) @entity1493 + chemotherapy vs. chemotherapy alone, using Cochrane methodology. Data on and PFS and @entity1349 were extracted using the Parmar method. Pairwise meta-analyses and Bayesian network meta-analyses (NMA) were conducted to estimate the direct, indirect and combined PFS and @entity1349 hazard ratios (HRs) comparing EGFRis to @entity1493 . RESULTS: Seventeen RCTs contained extractable data for quantitative analysis. Combining direct and indirect data using an NMA did not show a statistical difference between EGFRis versus @entity1493 (PFS HR = 1.11 (95% CR: 0.92-1.36) and @entity1349 HR = 0.91 (95% CR: 0.75-1.09)). Direct meta-analysis (3 RCTs), indirect (14 RCTs) and combined (17 RCTs) NMA of PFS HRs were concordant and did not show a difference between EGFRis and @entity1493 . Meta-analysis of @entity1349 using direct evidence, largely influenced by one trial, showed an improvement with EGFRis therapy (HR = 0.79 (95% CR: 0.65-0.98)), while indirect and combined NMA of @entity1349 did not show a difference between EGFRis and @entity1493 Successive inclusions of trials over time in the combined NMA did not show superiority of EGFRis over @entity1493 . CONCLUSIONS: Our findings did not support @entity1349 or PFS benefits of EGFRis over @entity1493 in first-line mCRC.

title: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Biologic Agents in the First Line Setting for Advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['overall survival', 'OS']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer']


abstract: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are novel regulators in @entity5 biology. @entity817 -activated lncRNA ( @entity36806 ) is overexpressed in @entity320 and has a potential functional role in @entity320 cell migration. However, little is known about the role of @entity36806 in the development of @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ). In the present study, @entity36806 expression was examined in six pairs of @entity3557 and matched adjacent normal tissues. The results revealed that @entity36806 levels were significantly higher in the @entity3557 tissues and @entity3557 IHH-4 cells compared with the normal controls. Knockdown of @entity36806 in the IHH-4 cells inhibited proliferation and increased apoptosis of the cells in vitro. Further investigation of the underlying mechanisms revealed that @entity36806 markedly activated autophagy. Overexpression of @entity36806 inhibited apoptosis in the IHH-4 cells, whereas inhibition of autophagy stimulated apoptosis in the @entity36806 -overexpressed cells. @entity36806 overexpression also increased cell proliferation and the inhibition of autophagy abrogated @entity36806 overexpression-induced cell proliferation. In addition, the overexpression of @entity36806 resulted in an increase in the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I, a marker for autophagy, while the knockdown of @entity36806 decreased the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I. These results revealed that @entity36806 expression levels are upregulated in @entity3557 . Additionally, @entity36806 increases @entity3557 cell proliferation, which could activate autophagy.

title: @entity817 -activated long non-coding RNA contributes to cell proliferation and activates autophagy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma', 'PTC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: Long-standing intractable @entity410 are common manifestation of @entity1779 . There is much controversy regarding the most appropriate surgical treatment (lesionectomy vs resection of the epileptogenic cortex with the lesion) for @entity1 with intractable @entity302 associated with @entity7667 . We reported 2 cases, in which the favorable @entity410 outcome was obtained following lesionectomy alone. (Case 1) Nine-year-old female developed attack of abnormal sensation in her left upper limb followed by motor @entity410 in her left limbs since 5 years old. MRI revealed hyperintense @entity5 in the right medial frontal lobe. Chronic invasive subdural recording showed that ictal onset zone was located in the hand motor area. Following lesionectomy alone, she became free from @entity410 . (Case 2) Eight-year-old @entity1 had intractable generalized @entity410 since 6 years old. MRI revealed a @entity5 in the right parietal lobe. She had multiple spike foci on electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography, and intraoperative electrocorticography failed to reveal the paroxysm. Following lesionectomy, she had good relief with less than one minor @entity410 per 1-3 months. Thus, lesionectomy, even without resection of the epileptogenic cortex, may improve @entity410 outcome in @entity1 with @entity7667 -associated @entity302 .

title: [Surgical management of intractable XXXX in @entity1 with @entity7667 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cystic tumor']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity7667 :: ('MESH:D018303', 'Disease') :: ['ganglioglioma', 'gangliogliomas']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral gangliogliomas']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: MDA-MB-231, an HLA-A2(+), @entity1722 /neu(+) allogeneic @entity0 cell line genetically modified to express the costimulatory molecule @entity7938 (B7-1), was used to vaccinate 30 @entity1 with previously treated @entity0 . Expression of @entity7938 conferred the ability to deliver a costimulatory signal and thereby improved the antigen presentation capability of the @entity5 cells to @entity1 T cells in vitro. @entity1 were vaccinated with 10(7) or 10(8) irradiated gene-modified @entity5 cells with @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) or BCG, three times at 2-week intervals and then monthly until progressive disease developed. @entity2841 -related flulike symptoms and minor injection site reactions were observed frequently. @entity1162 stabilization was observed in four @entity1 but no objective @entity5 regressions were seen. Immune responses were measured in matched peripheral blood samples collected before and after treatment from 9 of 15 @entity1 treated at the 10(8) @entity5 cell dose. Four @entity1 exhibited MHC class I-restricted cytokine production in response to the @entity0 cell line. One @entity1 maintained an increased number of circulating @entity5 -specific, interferon gamma-secreting CD8(+) T cells for 24 months after the last vaccination. One @entity1 exhibited a @entity5 -specific @entity225 response to an @entity5 cell line. This immunization strategy proved to be safe and feasible, and induced @entity5 -specific immune responses in a minority of @entity1 ; however, no objective @entity5 regressions were observed.

title: Vaccination of @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 , using a costimulatory gene ( XXXX )-modified, HLA-A2-matched, allogeneic, @entity0 cell line: clinical and immunological results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['stage IV breast cancer', 'breast cancer', 'parental breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'autologous tumor']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['Prolonged disease']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['GM-CSF', 'granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor']

answer: @entity7938 :: (941,Gene) :: ['CD80']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Three different therapeutic regimens of @entity2600 ( @entity2600 ) in combination with @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and @entity4181 (FA) were evaluated for efficacy and safety in the first-line therapy of advanced @entity14 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive intravenously either: @entity2600 125 mg/m(2), FA 20 mg/m(2) followed by @entity1487 500 mg/m(2) bolus, weekly for 4 weeks (arm A, Saltz regimen); or @entity2600 180 mg/m(2) day 1 then FA 200 mg/m(2) over 2 h and @entity1487 400 mg/m(2) bolus and @entity1487 600 mg/m(2) 22-h infusion on days 1 and 2, every 2 weeks (arm B, Douillard regimen); or @entity2600 350 mg/m(2) (days 1 and 43) alternating with FA 20 mg/m(2)/day followed by @entity1487 bolus 425 mg/m(2)/day during 5 days (days 22-26) (arm C, Mayo Clinic regimen). RESULTS: A total of 154 @entity1 were included in the study (arm A, 51 @entity1 ; arm B, 53; arm C, 50). Overall response rates for the intention-to-treat populations were 33% [95% confidence interval (CI) 21% to 48%], 42% (95% CI 28% to 56%) and 30% (95% CI 18% to 45%) for arms A, B and C, respectively. Median times to progression were 6, 8 and 7 months for arms A, B and C, respectively. Median survival times were 15, 12 and 17 months for arms A, B and C, respectively. Overall response rates for the evaluable @entity1 populations were 40% (95% CI 24% to 58%) in arm A, 44% (95% CI 29% to 60%) in arm B and 31% (95% CI 17% to 47%) in arm C. @entity1398 was the main serious adverse event in arms A (30% of @entity1 ) and C (22% of @entity1 ) but occurred in only 8% of @entity1 in arm B. Delayed @entity294 was the main severe adverse event for the three regimens, from 15% to 22%. CONCLUSION: All three regimens were highly active. The biweekly combination of @entity2600 and @entity1487 /FA (arm B) was notable for its low incidence of grade 3/4 @entity1398 . The incidence of grade 3/4 delayed @entity294 was equivalent for the three treatment arms.

title: A randomized phase II trial of @entity2600 in combination with infusional or two different bolus @entity1487 and XXXX regimens as first-line therapy for advanced @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['folinic acid']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia', 'neutropenia']

answer: @entity4181 :: (MESH:D002955,Chemical) :: ['folinic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the postoperative @entity2103 after @entity5513 ( @entity5513 ) surgery and analyzed factors causing it. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We included 89 consecutive @entity1 undergoing surgical excision of unilateral @entity5513 . @entity1 and @entity5 characteristics, surgical approaches, @entity2103 , extent of @entity5 resection and complications were analyzed. RESULTS: Complete @entity5 resection was achieved in 85% of cases. Anatomic preservation of the facial nerve was achieved in 96% of @entity1 . In all @entity5 stages, 88.2% of @entity1 , have a normal or subnormal facial function within one year of the intervention, the rate was 100% in @entity1 carrying a @entity5513 stage I or II. No severe complication or @entity204 was reported. CONCLUSION: Short- and long-term facial nerve outcome was comparable with results of other recent series reported in literature. The @entity2103 after surgery was better with small @entity5513 compared to large @entity5513 . The intraoperative decision of near-total excision of the @entity5 followed by adjuvant radiotherapy, in some cases, can prove to be a good option in the interest of better preservation of the @entity2103 . The adhesion of the facial nerve and its complex relationship with the @entity5 remain mysterious; RMI can bring significant refinements, helping to get the best preservation offacial function rate, in the coming years.

title: [Facial nerve outcome after XXXX surgery: About 89 @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['VS', 'vestibular schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve function']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['vestibular schwannoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In @entity1 with occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) treated by @entity5275 ( @entity5275 ), the distance to @entity715 (DT) has been proposed as a predictor of outcome. The purpose of the present study was to investigate how DT relates to dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion metrics. METHODS: Retrospective analysis was undertaken of @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity2500 by magnetic resonance imaging and treated with @entity5275 . Volumes of time-to-maximum (Tmax) perfusion deficits and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) lesions, diffusion-perfusion mismatch volumes, and the presence of target mismatch were determined. Correlations between the above stoke measures and DT were then calculated. RESULTS: Fifty-five @entity1 were included. DT showed significant inverse correlations with Tmax greater than 4, 6, 8, and 10   seconds, respectively, and mismatch volumes. Using the DT group median (14   mm) as a separator, significant intergroup differences were observed for Tmax greater than 4, 6, and 8   seconds, respectively, and for mismatch volumes. Grouping DT into quartiles showed significant intergroup differences regarding mismatch volumes and Tmax values greater than 4    and 6   seconds. Binary logistic regression identified DT (odds ratio [OR]   =   .89; 95% confidence interval [CI], .81-.99) and DWI lesion volumes (OR   =   .92; 95% CI, .86-.97) as independent predictors of target mismatch. A low DT predicted target mismatch with an area under the curve of .69. CONCLUSIONS: DT correlates inversely with Tmax perfusion deficits and mismatch volumes and acts as an independent predictor of target mismatch.

title: Distance to @entity715 in Acute XXXX Predicts Target Mismatch and Ischemic Penumbra.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['acute MCA occlusion']

entities_list: @entity5275 :: ('MESH:D015819', 'Disease') :: ['IVT', 'intravenous thrombolysis']

answer: @entity2500 :: (MESH:D020244,Disease) :: ['Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Aggrastat to Zocor (A to Z) and @entity8673 or @entity2993 Evaluation and Infection Therapy (PROVE IT) trials compared intensive and moderate statin therapy after @entity1187 , with seemingly disparate results. We analyzed the design, implementation, and results of the two trials in an attempt to clarify the effects of early intensive statin therapy. METHODS AND RESULTS: Study design, end points, and definitions were compared. In each trial, comparisons were made between intensive and moderate arms for both trials' primary end points and @entity204 / @entity583 . Analyses were performed over various time points: at the end of the trials, < or =4 months, and >4 months. Subjects in A to Z had higher-risk demographics. More PROVE IT subjects were enrolled in the United States and underwent prerandomization revascularization. The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) difference was greater in A to Z than in PROVE IT early (< or =4 months) but less late. Significant @entity1851 reduction was earlier in PROVE IT. With common end points, event rates were higher in A to Z, and early favorable separation of event curves was seen in PROVE IT but not in A to Z. Clinical end point rates and reductions were similar in both trials after 4 months. CONCLUSIONS: An early benefit was seen in PROVE IT but not in A to Z. Late-phase results were similar. Factors that may explain this disparity include the intensity of therapy in the early phase, timing, and magnitude of LDL and @entity1851 lowering, differences in early revascularization, and the play of chance. Taken together, the results of these trials support a strategy of early intensive statin therapy coupled with revascularization when appropriate in @entity1 after @entity1187 .

title: A tale of two trials: a comparison of the post- XXXX lipid-lowering trials A to Z and PROVE IT-TIMI 22.

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome', 'acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['Atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity8673 :: ('MESH:D017035', 'Chemical') :: ['Pravastatin']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndrome']


abstract: To evaluate @entity14 screening with @entity1503 testing (FOBT) in terms of prevention of advanced @entity5 , we conducted a case-control study in the areas where an annual screening programme with immunochemical FOBT has been offered to all inhabitants aged 40 years or over. Cases were 357 consecutive @entity1 in the study areas clinically diagnosed as having advanced @entity14 or a @entity5 invading the muscularis propriae or deeper, that is, T(2)-T(4) in TNM classification. Three controls were selected for each case matched by gender, age, residential area and exposure status to screening within 1 year before case diagnosis. The odds ratios (ORs) of developing @entity5 were calculated using conditional logistic regression analyses. The OR for those screened within 3 years before the diagnosis vs those not screened was 0.54 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.29-0.99). The ORs were lower for rectum than for colon (0.32-0.73 and 0.84-1.18 for rectum and colon, respectively). For those screened within the past 3 years, OR of developing @entity5 in the rectum was 0.32 ( 95%CI: 0.12-0.84). A screening programme with immunochemical FOBT can be effective for prevention of advanced @entity14 . Risk reduction appears to be larger for rectal than for @entity694 . British Journal of @entity5 (2003) 89, 23-28. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6601002 www.bjcancer.com

title: Prevention of advanced XXXX by screening using the immunochemical @entity1503 test: a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'Cancer', 'advanced cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['faecal occult blood']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown that @entity842 (NO)-releasing agents can kill @entity5 cells. Unfortunately, currently available NO delivery molecules do not target @entity5 cells preferentially. To exploit the overexpression of @entity413 transport proteins and the high level of @entity413 transport characteristics of @entity5 cells, @entity413 was conjugated to @entity16475 ( @entity68634 ) and evaluated for @entity137 in @entity1 @entity43 cells. METHODS: The @entity137 of @entity68634 and SNAP was assessed by clonogenic cell survival assays performed in @entity68635 ( @entity900 sensitive) and A2780cP ( @entity900 -resistant) @entity43 cells in vitro. Immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the expression of @entity1365 @entity12015 transport protein in the cell lines as well as in paraffin blocks from 28 surgical specimens of @entity43 . Apoptosis was assessed by an end-labeling assay. RESULTS: The @entity43 cell lines consistently were more sensitive to @entity68634 than SNAP alone. The median effective doses (MEDs) for @entity68634 and SNAP in the A2780s cell line were 0.0042 microM and 20.4 microM, respectively. Therefore, @entity68634 was nearly 5000-fold more potent than the NO-donating moiety (SNAP) alone. In the A2780cP cells, the MED for @entity68634 (0.38 microM) was 250-fold lower than that for SNAP alone (100 microM). Immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry studies showed overexpression of @entity1365 in the cell lines and in 23 of 28 @entity43 specimens. CONCLUSIONS: The novel glyco-NO conjugate @entity68634 exhibits a much greater @entity137 than the parent NO donor without the hexose moiety. These agents have the potential to target @entity5 cells preferentially, that overexpress @entity1365 . This transporter is expressed highly in @entity43 .

title: Antitumor activity of a novel glyco- XXXX conjugate in @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'epithelial ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity16475 :: ('MESH:D026423', 'Chemical') :: ['S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: @entity927 ( @entity928 ) is an antifibrinolytic drug used to reduce @entity548 in mortality risk situations such as @entity130 . Our objective was to conduct a systematic literature review to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of @entity928 in reducing @entity548 in hip arthroplasty. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of primary studies similar to controlled trials was performed. Literature was searched in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, LILACS, SciELO and Google Scholar. The review was proposed and undertaken by 2 reviewers and the inclusion criteria were: a) @entity1 undergoing arthroplasty for primary unilateral hip replacement; b) comparison of a treatment group with @entity928 to a control group that received a placebo or no treatment at all, and c) outcome measures, @entity190 , number of @entity1 receiving allogeneic transfusion and/or incidence of @entity1031 complications. The search was restricted to studies published from 1966 to June 2013. RESULTS: A total of 16 studies with 246 @entity1 were retrieved for this review. The @entity190 outcome evidenced a weighted mean difference in favor of @entity928 vs. controls undergoing hip arthroplasty (-0.45 [P<0.001, 95% CI -0.65 to -0.24]). Weighted relative risk was estimated for the allogeneic transfusion requirement outcome, showing a trend in favor the @entity928 arm, with fewer @entity1 requiring allogeneic transfusion in hip surgery (0.8 [P<0.02, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.11]); however, this trend was not statistically significant. LIMITATIONS: There is a noticeable difference in methods for quantifying @entity190 across the studies reviewed. The need for transfusion outcomes are probably not significant taking into account the number of events in the @entity928 group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity928 can be routinely used to reduce intra- and post-operative @entity190 in primary hip arthroplasty.

title: Efficiency of @entity927 in perioperative XXXX in hip arthroplasty: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss', 'total blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['Tranexamic acid']

answer: @entity190 :: (MESH:D006473,Disease) :: ['blood loss']


abstract: PURPOSE: In this proof-of-concept pilot study, our purpose was to determine correlations between gut microbiota composition and alterations in @entity410 and psychosocial outcomes among post-primary treatment @entity0 survivors (BCS). METHODS: Composition of the gut microbiota in BCS (n  =  12) was assessed at baseline (M0) and at the end of 3  months (M3) using Illumina MiSeq DNA Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed using the QIIME bioinformatics software and represented through diversity metrics and taxa analyses. @entity410 , @entity1295 , @entity148 , @entity308 were assessed at M0 and M3 via the submaximal treadmill test, Fatigue Symptom Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, respectively. RESULTS: Increased @entity1295 interference in BCS was associated with increased mean within-sample Shannon diversity (organism richness and evenness) (p  =  0.009). Weighted UniFrac analysis (shifts in taxa relative abundance) revealed significant differences in between-sample (beta) diversity for changes in @entity1295 interference (p  =  0.01) and @entity148 (p  =  0.022), with a trend observed for @entity1295 @entity22 (p  <  0.1). Unweighted UniFrac analysis (shifts in taxa types) found significant beta diversity differences for @entity410 (p  =  0.026). Prior to false discovery correction (FDR), changes in fitness, @entity1295 , @entity148 were associated with the frequency of certain gut bacteria genera (e.g., Faecalibacterium, Prevotella, Bacteroides) (p  <  0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Correlations may exist between alterations in gut microbiota composition and longitudinal changes in @entity410 , @entity1295 , and @entity148 in BCS. Further research examining the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in exercise-induced effects on psychosocial outcomes in BCS is warranted.

title: Gut microbiota composition associated with alterations in XXXX and psychosocial outcomes among @entity0 survivors.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiorespiratory fitness', 'cardiorespiratory fitness']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression, and sleep dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'anxiety, and sleep dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['intensity and sleep dysfunction']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and evolution features of @entity1381 ( @entity1381 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 43 cases of @entity1381 during the last 14 years (1984-1998) was performed. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 3.2 years, the incidence during the summer season was the highest and 39 cases (90%) previously had @entity697 . All @entity1 had @entity810 , 32 of them (74%) required peritoneal dialysis. @entity1696 was found in 22 case (51%) and the mean duration was 10.3 days. The most frequent complications were: @entity101 in 21 cases (48%), @entity298 in 9 cases (20%), @entity410 in 8 @entity1 (16%) and 3 deaths (6%). The mean hospital stay was 14.5 days. After one year of ambulatory control, 76% of the @entity1 were completely recovered and only two cases (6%) had @entity177 . @entity410 associated significantly with a bad prognosis (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1381 has a very important morbimortality. @entity410 in the acute phase were associated with a bad prognosis. @entity1696 for more than 7 days and @entity1458 for more than 15 days were also predictors of a worse prognosis, but this was not significant.

title: [ XXXX . Analysis of 43 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic uremic syndrome', 'HUS']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity1381 :: (MESH:D006463,Disease) :: ['Uremic hemolytic syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Structural left ventricular remodeling after @entity583 is a complex process with several pathophysiologic descriptors that can be modified by pharmacotherapy. However, the possibility that different classes of antiremodeling agents might exert different effects on different remodeling parameters after reperfused and nonreperfused @entity583 has not been systematically studied. METHODS AND RESULTS: We measured detailed left ventricular remodeling parameters in vivo (echocardiograms) repeatedly over 6 weeks and ex vivo (planimetry) at 6 weeks after @entity583 in 36 @entity235 randomized (factorial design) after reperfused or nonreperfused @entity583 to 6 weeks of twice daily oral therapy with the @entity460 channel blocker @entity3591 (5 mg), the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor @entity4688 (5 mg) or placebo, and 18 matching sham or control animals. Compared to placebo and control groups over 6 weeks, both agents reduced left ventricular loading and limited overall remodeling in both reperfused and nonreperfused groups, but there were pertinent differences. @entity4688 limited the increase in left @entity67 in the reperfused group. Both @entity4688 and @entity3591 limited @entity1188 zone thinning in the nonreperfused groups but increased @entity1188 zone thinning in the reperfused groups, despite preserved @entity1188 zone collagen with @entity3591 . @entity4688 decreased left ventricular diastolic volume and mass more than @entity3591 in the reperfused group and increased left ventricular ejection fraction in the nonreperfused group. Both agents limited regional and global shape deformation in reperfused and non-reperfused groups. Diastolic wall stress in the @entity1188 zone decreased with @entity3591 , and increased with @entity4688 and reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS: Different antiremodeling therapies may exert different effects on different remodeling parameters during healing after reperfused @entity583 . Significant interactions occur during reperfusion. More than one variable may be needed for the comprehensive assessment of the antiremodeling efficacy of different therapies.

title: Beneficial effects of therapy on the progression of structural remodeling during healing after reperfused and nonreperfused XXXX : different effects on different parameters.

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril', 'Enalapril']

entities_list: @entity3591 :: ('MESH:D017311', 'Chemical') :: ['amlodipine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular asynergy']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: We present a case of bilateral @entity16453 , @entity2419 . Cardiac, respiratory and central nervous system examinations were normal. An examination of the chest revealed @entity3894 of the bilateral absence of the bilateral nipple-areola complex. Skin, soft tissue and bilateral pectoral muscles of the chest wall were normal. The @entity1 did not have scalp nodules or abnormal ears. Four hours after birth, an X-ray examination showed the distended intestinal loops, suggesting @entity1744 . Exploration was performed and @entity8593 was surgically identified. A primary @entity254 was performed. At 3 years of age, the @entity1 had mild mental and @entity851 . Chromosome analysis was normal (46,XX). Magnetic resonance imaging showed no abnormal finding in the spinal cord; however, mild @entity194 of the left cerebrum was pointed out. An abdominal echo examination showed no abnormal findings in the kidney. These associations may represent a previously undescribed syndrome spectrum.

title: A case of XXXX associated with bilateral athelia and @entity16453 : new syndrome spectrum.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity16453 :: ('MESH:D002754', 'Disease') :: ['choanal atresia']

entities_list: @entity8593 :: ('MESH:D007409', 'Disease') :: ['congenital jejunal atresia']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft of the posterior palate']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity8593 :: (MESH:D007409,Disease) :: ['congenital jejunal atresia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to evaluate the frequency and treatment of @entity146 symptoms in @entity1 at palliative care units (PCUs). METHOD: @entity1 admitted to one of five participating PCUs in Austria were included. The short version of the @entity1 Health Questionnaire (PHQ-D) was used to evaluate their mental health status. @entity158 intensity was rated on a numeric rating scale (NRS) from 0 to 10 by @entity1 and physicians. @entity1 with a previously diagnosed @entity146 were compared to those without or with newly diagnosed @entity146 symptoms, based on PHQ-D results. @entity158 and psychopharmacological medication were assessed. Opioid doses were converted into oral @entity1286 equivalents (OMEs). RESULTS: Some 68 @entity1 were included. Previously undetected @entity146 symptoms were identified in 38% (26 of 68), preexisting @entity146 comorbidities were evident in 25% (17), and no @entity146 symptoms were observed in 37% (25). @entity1 with a preexisting @entity146 comorbidity received antidepressants and @entity1245 significantly more often than @entity1 without or with previously undetected @entity146 symptoms (p < 0.001). @entity1 and physician median NRS ratings of @entity158 intensity correlated significantly (p = 0.001). Median NRS rating showed no significant difference between @entity1 with preexisting, previously undetected, or without @entity146 symptoms. OMEs did not differ significantly between preexisting, without, or previously undetected @entity146 symptoms. @entity1 with undetected and preexisting @entity146 comorbidities had a greater impairment in their activities of daily living than @entity1 without @entity146 symptoms (p = 0.003). SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS: Undetected @entity146 comorbidities are common in @entity1 receiving palliative care. Screening for @entity146 symptoms should be integrated into standard palliative care to optimize treatment and reduce the @entity66 .

title: Psyche at the end of life: Psychiatric symptoms are prevalent in XXXX admitted to a palliative care unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial burden of the disease']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of high-frequency oral airway oscillation, high-frequency chest wall oscillation, and conventional chest physical therapy ( @entity1191 ) on weight of expectorated sputum, pulmonary function, and @entity26 saturation in outpatients with stable @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ). DESIGN: Prospective randomized trial. SETTING: Pediatric pulmonary division of a tertiary care center. @entity1 : Fourteen outpatients with stable @entity1577 recruited from the @entity1577 center. INTERVENTIONS: Two modes of oral airway oscillation (1: frequency 8 Hz; inspiratory to expiratory [I:E] ratio 9:1; 2: frequency 14 Hz; I:E ratio 8:1), two modes of chest wall oscillation (1: frequency 3 Hz; I:E ratio 4:1; 2: frequency 16 Hz; I:E ratio 1:1, alternating with frequency 1.5 Hz, I:E ratio 6:1), and @entity1191 (clapping, vibration, postural drainage, and encouraged coughing) were applied during the first 20 min of 4 consecutive hours. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Sputum was collected on an hourly basis for a total of 6 consecutive hours. During the first and the last hour, @entity1 collected sputum without having any treatment and underwent pulmonary function tests (PFTs). @entity26 saturation was measured at 30-min intervals during hours 1 to 6. For the first 20 min of the second to the fifth hour, @entity1 received one of the treatments. To assess the effect of the intervention, the weight of expectorated sputum during hours 2 to 6 was averaged and expressed as percentage of the weight expectorated during the first hour (baseline). For the five treatment modalities, mean sputum dry and wet weights ranged between 122% and 185% of baseline. There was no statistically significant difference among the treatment modalities. As measured by sputum wet weight, all oscillatory devices tended to be less effective than @entity1191 (p=0.15). As measured by dry weight, oral airway oscillation at 8 Hz with an I:E ratio of 9:1 and @entity1191 tended to be more effective than the other treatment modalities (p=0.57). None of the treatment modalities had an effect on PFTs and @entity26 saturation and all were well tolerated. CONCLUSION: In outpatients with stable @entity1577 , high-frequency oscillation applied via the airway opening or via the chest wall and @entity1191 have comparable augmenting effects on expectorated sputum weight without changing PFTs or @entity26 saturation. In contrast to @entity1191 , high-frequency oral airway and @entity764 are self-administered, thereby containing health-care expenses.

title: Effect of high-frequency oral airway and chest wall oscillation and conventional chest physical therapy on expectoration in @entity1 with stable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest wall oscillations']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of shear wave elastography (SWE), as a non-invasive means of assessing @entity1575 stage in paediatric and adolescent @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Consecutive paediatric and adolescent subjects scheduled for liver biopsy (LB) evaluation of known or suspected @entity409 were included after informed guardian consent and subject assent in this IRB-approved single institution study. Elastograms were acquired prior to liver biopsy, from the liver under a breath-hold after normal inspiration when possible. Biopsy specimens underwent blinded pathologist review using the METAVIR scoring system. RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity1 (M   :   F   =   13:11) with a mean age of 17 years (range: 1-21 years) underwent liver biopsy. The distribution of @entity82 on pathological examination was: F0   =   10, F1   =   9, F2   =   1, F3   =   3, and F4   =   1. Subjects with stages F0 and F1 @entity82 had a mean SWE value of 6.93   kPa (95% CI: 6.33-7.44   kPa) and 8.33   kPa (95% CI: 6.83-10.80   kPa) respectively. The SWE value for the one subject with stage F2 @entity82 was 6.36   kPa, whereas for @entity16963 were 8.86 (95% CI: 5.70-11.40) and 17.85   kPa respectively. The correlation between SWE values and @entity82 grade was strong (r   =   0.58, P   =   0.003), and the area under the ROC curve differentiatiang >= F2 @entity82 was 0.62 (95% CI: 0.26-0.98). CONCLUSION: Estimation of liver stiffness using real-time SWE is feasible using the SC6-1 ultrasound probe in paediatric and adolescent @entity1 and strongly correlates with the stage of @entity82 .

title: Feasibility study for assessing @entity1575 in paediatric and adolescent XXXX using real-time shear wave elastography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: To determine the optimal strategy for @entity263 screening, the cost-effectiveness of screening was analyzed using a medical decision model. One hundred thousand asymptomatic males between the ages of 40 and 69 were modeled with and without screening. The subjects were divided into three 10-year age groups. We used a 5-year survival rate as an effectiveness point and assumed after 5 year survival free from @entity263 . We considered three potential programs: 1) screening with digital rectal examination (DRE), 2) screening with @entity1486 ) screening with a combination of DRE and @entity1486 . The study was analyzed from the payer's perspective, and only direct medical costs were included. For each of the three age groups, @entity1486 screening was more cost-effective than either DRE screening or a combination of DRE and @entity1486 screening. The cost-effectiveness ratio for the combination of DRE and @entity1486 screening was 1.1-2.3 times more expensive dian that of @entity1486 screening. If the compliance rate for work-up exams is 80%, the cost-effectiveness of @entity263 screening is approximate to that of @entity356 screening. In conclusion, @entity1486 screening is the most cost-effective strategy for @entity263 screening when compared with both DRE and the combination of DRE and @entity1486 screening. But @entity263 screening should be carefully conducted, taking the cost-effectiveness of the different strategies and target groups into consideration.

title: Cost-effectiveness analysis of XXXX screening.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['PSA', 'prostate specific antigen (PSA), and 3']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: The origins of the a- and b-wave of the @entity69868 were studied using simultaneous recordings made across the receptor layer and the full thickness of a piece of isolated albino @entity35 retina. An inwardly directed current flowing across the rod outer segments was eliminated from the recording when postsynaptic activity was blocked with @entity1953 or when current source density measurements were made along the length of the outer segments. Rod photovoltages were inferred by removing extraneous field potentials from the recordings made across the photoreceptor layer. The spatial properties of the photovoltage indicates the responses came from an area about 100 microm in diameter. The @entity2227 analog. APB, which blocks depolarizing bipolar cells, eliminated the b-wave but left the a-wave unaffected. The @entity69868 component due to depolarizing bipolar cells was inferred by subtracting recordings obtained before and after APB. After treatment with APB a slow component remained. This component was completely blocked by barium (200 microM), which blocks @entity972 channels on M  ller cells. Barium had virtually no effect on low-intensity photovoltages but did affect the amplitude and shape of the saturated responses. Barium increased the amplitude of the component of the @entity69868 which underlies the b-wave. It was concluded that the depolarizing bipolar cells directly generate the b-wave of the @entity69868 .

title: A dissection of the electroretinogram from the isolated XXXX retina with microelectrodes and drugs.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Insects, like all invertebrates, express robust innate, but not adaptive, immune reactions to infection and invasion. Insect immunity is usually resolved into three major components. The integument serves as a physical barrier to infections. Within the hemocoel, the circulating hemocytes are the temporal first line of defense, responsible for clearing the majority of infecting bacterial cells from circulation. Specific cellular defenses include phagocytosis, microaggregation of hemocytes with adhering bacteria, nodulation and encapsulation. Infections also stimulate the humoral component of immunity, which involves the induced expression of genes encoding antimicrobial peptides and activation of prophenoloxidase. These peptides appear in the hemolymph of challenged insects 6-12 hours after the challenge. @entity2918 and other @entity1813 are crucial mediators of innate immune responses. @entity9610 biosynthesis is stimulated by infection in insects. Inhibition of @entity9610 biosynthesis lethally renders experimental insects unable to clear bacterial infection from hemolymph. Eicosanoids mediate specific cell actions, including phagocytosis, microaggregation, nodulation, hemocyte migration, hemocyte spreading and the release of prophenoloxidase from oenocytoids. Some invaders have evolved mechanisms to suppress insect immunity; a few of them suppress immunity by targeting the first step in the @entity9610 biosynthesis pathways, the enzyme @entity35169   . We proposed research designed to cripple insect immunity as a technology to improve biological control of insects. We used dsRNA to silence insect genes encoding @entity35169   , and thereby inhibited the nodulation reaction to infection. The purpose of this article is to place our view of applying dsRNA technologies into the context of @entity9610 actions in insect immunity. The long-term significance of research in this area lies in developing new pest management technologies to contribute to food security in a world with a rapidly growing @entity1 population.

title: XXXX : Exploiting Insect Immunity to Improve Biological Control Programs.

entities_list: @entity9610 :: ('CHEBI:23899', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosanoid', 'Eicosanoid']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity1813 :: ('MESH:D015777', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosanoids']

answer: @entity1813 :: (MESH:D015777,Chemical) :: ['Eicosanoids']


abstract: We present two techniques utilizing independent component analysis (ICA) to remove large muscle artifacts from @entity9808 ( @entity9808 )-evoked EEG signals. The first one is a novel semi-automatic technique, called @entity14782 ( @entity14782 ). @entity14782 is a modification of the deflation mode of the FastICA algorithm; with an enhanced independent component search, @entity14782 is an effective tool for removing the large, spiky muscle artifacts. The second technique, called manual method (MaM) makes use of the symmetric mode of FastICA and the artifactual components are visually selected by the user. In order to evaluate the success of the artifact removal methods, four different quality parameters, based on curve comparison and frequency analysis, were studied. The dorsal premotor cortex (dPMC) and Broca's area (BA) were stimulated with @entity9808 . Both methods removed the very large muscle artifacts recorded after stimulation of these brain areas. However, @entity14782 was more stable, less subjective, and thus also faster to use than MaM. Until now, examining lateral areas of the cortex with @entity9808 -EEG has been restricted because of strong muscle artifacts. The methods described here can remove those muscle artifacts, allowing one to study lateral areas of the @entity1 brain, e.g., BA, with @entity9808 -EEG.

title: Removal of large muscle artifacts from XXXX -evoked EEG by independent component analysis.

entities_list: @entity9808 :: ('MESH:C536917', 'Disease') :: ['TMS', 'transcranial magnetic stimulation']

entities_list: @entity14782 :: ('MESH:C564835', 'Disease') :: ['enhanced deflation method', 'EDM']

answer: @entity9808 :: (MESH:C536917,Disease) :: ['transcranial magnetic stimulation']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the expression rate of sex @entity134 hormone receptors of @entity172 (ER), @entity1420 (PR) and @entity342 (AR) in normal urothelium and @entity150 ( @entity150 ) and to evaluate the possible associations of these receptors expression with @entity5 progression and @entity1 's survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated the clinical data and @entity5 specimens of 120 @entity1 with pathologically confirmed primary @entity150 with 132 normal healthy controls. Both @entity1 and controls selected from list of subjects who have been referred to Sina Urology clinic, and had a minimum of one year follow-up duration. Data collected from medical cords. For evaluation of expression, immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin-embedded tissue sections using a monoclonal antibody for @entity342 , @entity172 and @entity1420 receptors. Presence of at least 10% positive cells defined as positive expression. RESULTS: None of the control subjects showed AR expression, while 22% of the @entity1 were AR-positive. ER/PR expressions were observed in 4.2%/ and 2.5% of the cases and in 2.3% and 1.5% of the controls, respectively. A statistically significant correlation was found between AR expression and @entity5 stage and grade (P < .001). AR-positive @entity1 showed a significantly poorer prognosis than AR-negative cases (log-rank test, P = .02, hazard ratio = 2.12; 95% confidence interval: 1.36-4.65). CONCLUSION: AR expression was significantly associated with higher grade and poorly differentiated @entity5 with unfavorable outcome. AR expression test might be useful as a diagnostic tool for determining the malignancy and outcome of @entity150 @entity1 ._

title: Role of XXXX hormone receptors in formation and progression of @entity150 : a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial bladder cancer', 'UBC']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity354 is a strong risk factor for @entity420 , but it is not clear whether the @entity32 that develops in @entity1 with @entity354 promotes this @entity5 . We determined the development of @entity420 among @entity1 who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy and were found to have erosive (with @entity2910 ) or nonerosive (without @entity2910 ) reflux. METHODS: We performed a nationwide cohort study using data from 33,849 @entity1 with @entity354 (52% @entity1 ; median age, 59.3 y) from population-based Danish medical registries, from 1996 through 2008. The observed incidences of @entity420 were compared with the expected incidence for the general population, standardized by age, sex, and calendar time. Absolute risks were estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods. RESULTS: In the study cohort, 26,194 of the @entity1 (77%) had @entity354 and 37 subsequently developed @entity420 after a mean follow-up time of 7.4 years. Their absolute risk after 10 years was 0.24% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15%-0.32%). The incidence of @entity5 among @entity1 with @entity354 was significantly greater than that expected for the general population (standardized incidence ratio, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.6-3.0). In contrast, of the 7655 @entity1 with nonerosive @entity354 , only 1 was diagnosed with @entity420 after 4.5 years of follow-up evaluation (standardized incidence ratio, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.01-1.5). CONCLUSIONS: @entity354 , but not nonerosive disease, increased the risk of @entity420 , based on analysis of population-based Danish medical registries. @entity32 therefore might be an important factor in the progression from reflux to @entity420 .

title: XXXX increases risk for @entity420 , compared with nonerosive reflux.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation', 'mucosal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['Erosive reflux disease', 'erosive reflux disease', 'Gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'reflux disease']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['Erosive reflux disease']


abstract: We recently developed a simple and fast assay technique, providing the possibility of monitoring of @entity1363 (M) during sedation. We compared HPLC vs FPIA for the measurement of the sum M plus alpha @entity30532 (OM), its main and pharmacologically active metabolite, in the serum of sedated ICU @entity1 ; this activity referred to as M-like. We identified certain @entity1 in whom M-like activity appeared abnormally high in comparison with HPLC assays. Their common denominators were: long-term sedation with M, and seriously @entity8 . Further, the conjugates of OM (OMG) accumulated in @entity1 with @entity810 could contribute to the sedation. We compared the metabolic and analytic behavior of M, OM, and OMG in 2 groups of sedated @entity1 either presenting with normal renal functions (group 1) or with a picture of @entity810 (group 2). Blood samples were assayed by HPLC and by FPIA and analysis was performed before and after hydrolysis of OMG. Before hydrolysis there was a dramatic accumulation of OMG in the @entity1 of group 2, HPLC vs FPIA results were not different within group 1, while in group 2 the FPIA response exceeded that of HPLC. After hydrolysis, measurement by HPLC was greatly increased in group 2, in each group (vs HPLC) and from one group to another, the FPIA signal (the M-like activity) showed a significant increase. It would be important to take OMG into account as a coprotagonist in sedation whenever circumstances predispose to its accumulation.

title: Influence of XXXX on FPIA rapid serum assay of @entity1363 and its main metabolite.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity30532 :: ('MESH:C040081', 'Chemical') :: ['1-hydroxymidazolam']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute renal failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a motion control running shoe reduces @entity717 in the transverse plane during treadmill running. DESIGN: An experimental study measuring @entity717 in volunteer @entity1 using a repeated measures design. SETTING: @entity1 Movement Laboratory, School of Health Professions, University of Brighton. @entity1 : Twenty-four healthy @entity1 were tested. The group comprised males and females with size 6, 7, 9 and 11 feet. The age range for @entity1 was 19 to 31 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The total range of proximal @entity717 was measured using the Codamotion 3-D Movement Analysis System. RESULTS: A one-tailed paired t-test indicated a statistically significant decrease in the total range of proximal @entity717 when a motion control shoe was worn (mean difference 1.38  , 95% confidence interval 0.03 to 2.73, P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: There is a difference in @entity717 in the transverse plane between a motion control running shoe and a neutral running shoe. The results from this study have implications for the use of supportive running shoes as a form of injury prevention.

title: Effect of motion control running shoes compared with neutral shoes on XXXX during running.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Human', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['tibial rotation']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['tibial rotation']


abstract: PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that taking translamina pressure difference into consideration changes associations between ocular perfusion pressure and glaucomatous @entity1781 . METHODS: The population-based Central India Eye and Medical Study included 4711 subjects. Ocular perfusion pressure was calculated as follows:     [diastolic blood pressure +     * (systolic blood pressure - diastolic blood pressure)] - IOP. Cerebrospinal fluid pressure (mm Hg) was estimated as follows: 0.44 body mass index (kg/m(2)) + 0.16 diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) - 0.18 * age (years) - 1.91. Translamina pressure difference was IOP minus cerebrospinal fluid pressure. RESULTS: In multivariate analysis, higher @entity1538 prevalence was associaed with higher IOP (P<.001; odds ratio [OR], 1.19; 95% CI, 1.15, 1.24) or with higher translamina pressure difference (P<.001; OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.10, 1.19), but not with ocular perfusion pressure (P<.37). A smaller neuroretinal rim area was correlated with higher IOP (P<.001; standardized coefficient beta -0.09) or larger translamina pressure difference (P<.001; b -0.10), but not with ocular perfusion pressure (P=.26). Greater prevalence of @entity2747 was associated with higher IOP (P<.001; OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.15, 1.28) or higher translamina pressure difference (P<.001; OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.13, 1.25) or lower ocular perfusion pressure (P<.04; OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.90, 0.996). Correlation coefficients were highest for the association with IOP and lowest for ocular perfusion pressure. A smaller rim area was correlated with higher IOP (P<.001; beta -0.08) and higher translamina pressure difference (P<.001; beta -0.08); rim area and ocular perfusion pressure were not significantly associated (P=.25). CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides information on the relationship of translamina pressure difference to the development of @entity1781 in what is presently called @entity726 . It does not provide support of the idea that ocular perfusion pressure plays a major role in the pathogenesis of @entity1781 .

title: Ocular Perfusion Pressure vs Estimated Trans-Lamina Cribrosa Pressure Difference in XXXX : The Central India Eye and Medical Study (An American Ophthalmological Society Thesis).

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuropathy', 'optic nerve damage']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2747 :: ('MESH:D015812', 'Disease') :: ['angle-closure glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['Glaucoma']


abstract: Measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) following the injection of one of several suitable marker substances remains the best method to determine the severity of @entity177 as well as its rate of progression. However, the expense of these procedures continues to restrict their use. A second alternative is the determination of @entity1011 clearance (CCr) after oral administration of @entity4444 . This drug blocks tubular secretion of @entity1011 almost completely, and CCr measured under these conditions is reported to be nearly identical to GFR in mild or severe @entity177 . The optimal dose and timing of @entity4444 for this purpose is still uncertain, but a single 1,200-mg dose 2 hours before beginning urine collection is probably suitable. A third alternative is simply the measurement of serum or plasma @entity1011 (PCr) concentration. However, it is well established that substantial reductions in renal function may occur before PCr becomes abnormal. GFR in adults with @entity177 can be approximately estimated from PCr, provided it is greater than 2 mg/dL, with the aid of additional demographic and biochemical variables. Gender, height, weight, age, and race should be taken into account. Further study is needed to derive the best formula for predicting GFR from PCr and other variables. Finally, CCr (without @entity4444 ) is still in use. This is unfortunate because it has been established that rather than improving on the estimation of GFR from PCr, CCr (determined from urinary @entity1011 measurements as well as PCr) is a less reliable guide to GFR than PCr alone. The CCr/GFR ratio is almost always greater than unity and increases with decreasing GFR to a maximum of approximately 1.7 at a GFR of approximately 20 mL/min. Furthermore, the variability of CCr is greater than that of PCr. Measurement of CCr (without @entity4444 ) is an anachronism and should be abandoned.

title: Assessing renal function from XXXX measurements in adults with @entity177 .

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'renal insufficiency', 'chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1011 :: (MESH:D003404,Chemical) :: ['creatinine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To validate the feasibility of using the parameters of spectral CT and CT perfusion and the dynamic features of real-time @entity8 ( @entity8 ) to evaluate the vascularization of VX2 @entity5 . METHODS: Spectral CT imaging, CT perfusion and @entity8 analysis were performed on @entity95 implanted with VX2 @entity5 , 7 and 14 days after implantation. The perfusion parameters of CT, normalized @entity1496 concentration (NIC) and dynamic features of @entity8 were measured in the rim of the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and the normal liver region. The expression of @entity94 ( @entity94 ) and @entity33326 ( @entity33326 ) was also determined. RESULTS: Increased perfusion parameters of CT were found in the @entity5 . In addition, the NIC was elevated in @entity5 during the arterial phase, and the peak intensity of the @entity8 of the @entity5 was reached significantly earlier than that on normal liver region. At 14 days, the perfusion parameters of CT (blood volume, permeability surface and hepatic arterial fraction) offered higher accuracy and stability in differentiating the @entity5 from the normal liver region. Furthermore, @entity8 was more accurate in diagnosing @entity5 <1.0   cm in diameter. In addition, @entity94 and @entity33326 expression was higher in the @entity5 and were positively correlated with CT and @entity8 parameters, except mean transit time, rise time, washout time and peak time. CONCLUSION: Use of spectral CT with perfusion techniques, @entity1496 -based material-decomposition analysis and dynamic @entity8 changes may reflect the angiogenesis and @entity5 . Advances in knowledge: It is feasible to assess vascularization in @entity96 using CT or @entity8 .

title: Evaluation of neovascularization with spectral computed tomography in a @entity95 VX2 liver model: a comparison with real-time XXXX and molecular biological findings.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['CEUS', 'contrast-enhanced ultrasound']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['haemodynamic information of hepatic tumours', 'TR', 'hepatic tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity94 :: ('100008899(Tax:9986)', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'vascular endothelial growth factor']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['contrast-enhanced ultrasound']


abstract: The threat of radiation-induced late normal tissue injury limits the dose of radiation that can be delivered safely to @entity5 @entity1 presenting with solid @entity5 . Tissue dysfunction and failure, associated with @entity194 , @entity82 and/or @entity39 , as well as @entity1317 , have been reported in late responding normal tissues, including the central nervous system, gut, kidney, liver, lung, and skin. The precise mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of radiation-induced late normal tissue injury have not been fully elucidated. It has been proposed recently that the radiation-induced late effects are caused, in part, by chronic oxidative stress and @entity32 . Increased production of reactive @entity26 species, which leads to lipid peroxidation, oxidation of DNA and proteins, as well as activation of pro-inflammatory factors has been observed in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we will present direct and indirect evidence to support this hypothesis. To improve the long-term survival and quality of life for radiotherapy @entity1 , new approaches have been examined in preclinical models for their efficacy in preventing or mitigating the radiation-induced chronic normal tissue injury. We and others have tested drugs that can either @entity32 or reduce chronic oxidative stress in animal models of late radiation-induced normal tissue injury. The effectiveness of renin-angiotensin system blockers, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonists, and antioxidants/antioxidant enzymes in preventing or mitigating the severity of radiation-induced late effects indicates that radiation-induced @entity8638 can be prevented and/or treated. This provides a rationale for the design and development of anti-inflammatory-based interventional approaches for the treatment of radiation-induced late normal tissue injury.

title: XXXX and chronic oxidative stress in radiation-induced late normal tissue injury: therapeutic implications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'attenuate inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity8638 :: ('MESH:D020208', 'Disease') :: ['chronic injury']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['Inflammation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that early postnatal @entity619 will reduce the incidence of @entity204 or @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) in ventilated @entity600 premature @entity1 . DESIGN: Multicenter randomized double-blinded controlled clinical trial. SETTING: A total of 42 neonatal intensive care units in the Vermont Oxford Network. @entity1 : @entity1 weighing 501 to 1000 g were eligible for enrollment at 12 hours of age if they needed assisted ventilation, had received surfactant replacement therapy, were physiologically stable, had no obvious life-threatening @entity154 , and had blood cultures obtained and antibiotic therapy initiated. INTERVENTION: @entity1 were randomly assigned to @entity619 or saline placebo. Intravenous @entity619 was administered for 12 days according to the following dosing schedule: 0.5 mg/kg/d for 3 days, 0.25 mg/kg/d for 3 days, 0.10 mg/kg/d for 3 days, 0.05 mg/kg/d for 3 days. @entity1 in either group could receive treatment with selective late postnatal @entity230 beginning on day 14 of life if they were on assisted ventilation with supplemental @entity26 greater than 30%. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome measure was @entity1030 or @entity204 at 36 weeks postmenstrual age. RESULTS: The study was stopped before completion of sample size goals because of concern about serious side effects in the early @entity134 treatment group. A total of 542 @entity1 were enrolled (early treatment N = 273, control N = 269). The 2 groups had similar demographic characteristics. No differences were noted in the primary outcome of @entity1030 or @entity204 at 36 weeks postmenstrual age (early treatment 50% vs control: 53%, relative risk: 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79-1.09). Fewer @entity1 who received early @entity134 treatment had a patent ductus arteriosus (relative risk: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.63-0.96), and fewer @entity1 in the early @entity134 group received @entity3352 therapy (relative risk: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.64-0.86) or late @entity134 treatment (relative risk: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.58-0.81). However, more @entity1 who received early @entity134 treatment had complications associated with therapy including an increase in @entity4854 (relative risk: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.13-1.46) and an increase in the use of insulin therapy (relative risk: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.36-1.94). A trend toward increased @entity360 (relative risk: 1.55; 95% CI: 0.92-2.61), @entity344 (relative risk: 1.53; 95% CI: 0.89-2.61), and an increased systolic blood pressure (relative risk: 1.34; 95% CI: 0.97-1.85) was noted. In @entity1 receiving cranial ultrasound examinations, a marginal increase in @entity5719 was noted in the early @entity134 treatment group (relative risk: 2.23; 95% CI: 0.99-5.04). @entity1 who received early @entity134 therapy had fewer days in supplemental @entity26 but experienced poor @entity1017 . CONCLUSIONS: A 12-day course of early postnatal @entity134 therapy given to @entity600 @entity1 did not decrease the risk of @entity1030 or @entity204 at 36 weeks postmenstrual age and was associated with an increased risk of complications and poor @entity1017 .

title: Early postnatal @entity619 therapy for the prevention of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Infants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomaly']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal perforation']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['extremely low birth weight']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity5719 :: ('MESH:D007969', 'Disease') :: ['periventricular leukomalacia']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lung disease', 'CLD']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic lung disease']