abstract: BACKGROUND/RATIONALE: @entity1319 ( @entity1319 ) @entity146 (RBD) is a potentially injurious @entity4939 characterized by dream enactment behavior and @entity11755 without atonia (RSWA). Recently, RBD not only has been shown to be strongly associated with synucleinopathy neurodegeneration but has also been rarely reported to be associated with structural lesions involving the brainstem or limbic system. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical, neuroimaging, and outcome characteristics in a case series of @entity1 with lesional RBD. METHODS: This is a retrospective case series from a tertiary care referral center. RESULTS: A total of 10 @entity1 with lesional RBD were identified. Seven (70%) were @entity1 , with an average age of sleep symptom onset of 53.7        17.0 years. Structural pathology evident on neuroimaging included four extraaxial (three @entity1653 and one basilar @entity439 with @entity2850 ) and six intraaxial ( @entity9872 , @entity15 , @entity1333 , @entity60080 , and @entity8431 ) lesions. No @entity1 developed @entity191 features or @entity73 suggestive of synucleinopathy over an average of 45.4        35.2 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: RBD is rarely associated with non-synuclein structural lesions affecting the pons, medulla, or limbic system. The spectrum of lesional RBD comprises @entity5 , @entity439 , @entity8431 , and autoimmune/inflammatory/demyelinating @entity75 .

title: Neuroimaging-evident lesional pathology associated with @entity1319 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sleep behavior disorder']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity60080 :: ('MESH:C531729', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune limbic encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem compression']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonian']

entities_list: @entity4939 :: ('MESH:D020447', 'Disease') :: ['parasomnia']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['fusiform aneurysm', 'aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity8431 :: ('MESH:D007966', 'Disease') :: ['leukodystrophy']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity11755 :: ('MESH:D020187', 'Disease') :: ['polysomnographic REM sleep']

entities_list: @entity9872 :: ('MESH:D004678', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomalacia']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['Rapid eye movement', 'REM']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['sleep behavior disorder']


abstract: The ability of @entity5132 to infect thermally injured @entity19 was studied. Female @entity19 were either left unburned or given a 20% total body surface area 2-s or 7-s scald burn. The wound or skin surface was then inoculated with a @entity1 burn wound isolate of @entity5132 . At 4 h postburn, approximately 10(2) to 10(3) CFU/g of tissue could be recovered from the skin of burned and unburned animals. Unburned @entity19 cleared the organisms from the skin by 72 h, whereas in 7-s-burned animals, the candida increased in numbers to approximately 10(7) CFU/g of tissue. The ability of the organisms to invade systemically after wound surface inoculation was examined in @entity19 given either a 2-s or a 7-s scald burn. Each injury was histologically confirmed as a full-thickness (third degree) burn, with slightly deeper tissue damage observed with the 7-s burn. At each time period examined (1, 4, 7, and 10 days), there were significantly fewer organisms in the wounds of @entity19 given the 2-s injury than in wounds of @entity19 burned for 7 s (P less than 0.05). In 3 of 33 @entity19 given a 7-s injury, organisms were recovered from the kidneys at the time of sacrifice, whereas no evidence of invasion into the kidneys was noted in @entity19 given a 2-s @entity130 . This study demonstrated that @entity130 enhances the ability of @entity5132 to infect @entity19 and that the depth of burn appears to be an important factor in determining whether the organisms can invade the burn wound to cause @entity281 . This animal model should be valuable in elucidating the virulence factors of @entity5132 that play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity7553 after @entity130 .

title: XXXX after @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity7553 :: ('MESH:D002177', 'Disease') :: ['candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['systemic infection']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['thermal injury']

answer: @entity7553 :: (MESH:D002177,Disease) :: ['Experimental candidiasis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The prediction of @entity358 in @entity1 with @entity9927 is important because this influences the strategy for @entity1 management. We hypothesized that narrowing of the luminal bronchus due to bronchial wall thickening correlates to @entity1576 in @entity9927 @entity1 . METHODS: In a prospective observational study, all @entity1 were enrolled at a single tertiary @entity130 and critical care center. In 40 @entity1 , chest computed tomographic images were obtained within a few hours after @entity9927 . We assessed bronchial wall thickness and luminal area % on chest computed tomographic images. Airway wall thickness to total bronchial diameter (T/D) ratio, percentage of luminal area, and clinical indices were compared between @entity1 with @entity9927 and control @entity1 . RESULTS: The T/D ratio of @entity1 with @entity9927 was significantly higher than that of control @entity1 (p<0.001), and the luminal area of these @entity1 was significantly smaller than that of control @entity1 (p<0.001). The number of mechanical ventilation days correlated with the initial infusion volume, T/D ratio, and luminal area %. ROC analysis showed a cut-off value of 0.26 for the T/D ratio, with a sensitivity of 79.0% and specificity of 73.7%, and a value of 23.4% for luminal area %, with a sensitivity of 68.4% and specificity of 84.2%. CONCLUSIONS: These data revealed the utility of computed tomography scanning on admission to show that the @entity1 with @entity9927 had airway wall thickening compared to control @entity1 without @entity9927 . Airflow narrowing due to airway wall thickening was related to the development of @entity55 and the number of mechanical ventilation days in @entity1 with @entity9927 . Airflow narrowing is one important factor of @entity1576 in @entity9927 .

title: Computed tomographic assessment of airflow obstruction in @entity9927 : Relationship with the development of XXXX and @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity9927 :: ('MESH:D015208', 'Disease') :: ['smoke inhalation injury', 'smoke inhalation']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary deterioration']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory deterioration']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. OBJECTIVES: To model the effect of time since @entity1576 in spinal cord injured-individuals and to investigate the effect of @entity1 characteristics. SETTING: A total of 173 @entity1 who sustained a @entity1566 between 1966 and April 2013 and who had previously participated in research or who underwent clinically indicated outpatient respiratory function tests at the Austin Hospital in Melbourne, Australia, were included in the study. At least two measurements over time were available for analysis in 59 @entity1 . METHODS: Longitudinal data analysis was performed using generalised linear regression models to determine changes in respiratory function following @entity1566 from immediately post injury to many years later. Secondly, we explored whether injury severity, age, gender and body mass index (BMI) at injury altered the time-dependent change in respiratory function. RESULTS: The generalised linear regression model showed no significant change (P=0.276) in respiratory function measured in (forced) vital capacity ((F)VC) after the @entity1566 . However, significant (P<0.05) differences in respiratory function over time were found when categorising age and BMI. CONCLUSION: This clinical cohort with long-term, repeated measurements of respiratory function showed no significant overall change in respiratory function over 23 years. However, a decline in respiratory function over time was observed in subgroups of individuals older than 30 years at the onset of injury and in those with a BMI>30   kg   m(-2).

title: Long-term change in respiratory function following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['injury on longitudinal respiratory function measures']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: While effective in preventing @entity64 in @entity1 with @entity955 ( @entity955 ), @entity1229 is limited by a narrow therapeutic profile, a need for lifelong coagulation monitoring, and multiple drug and diet interactions. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a local strategy of mechanical left atrial appendage (LAA) closure was noninferior to @entity1229 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : PROTECT @entity955 was a multicenter, randomized (2:1), unblinded, Bayesian-designed study conducted at 59 hospitals of 707 @entity1 with @entity955 and at least 1 additional @entity64 risk factor (CHADS2 score >= 1). Enrollment occurred between February 2005 and June 2008 and included 4-year follow-up through October 2012. Noninferiority required a posterior probability greater than 97.5% and superiority a probability of 95% or greater; the noninferiority margin was a rate ratio of 2.0 comparing event rates between treatment groups. INTERVENTIONS: Left atrial appendage closure with the device (n   =   463) or @entity1229 (n   =   244; target international normalized ratio, 2-3). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: A composite efficacy end point including @entity64 , systemic @entity887 , and @entity65 , analyzed by intention-to-treat. RESULTS: At a mean (SD) follow-up of 3.8 (1.7) years (2621 @entity1 -years), there were 39 events among 463 @entity1 (8.4%) in the device group for a primary event rate of 2.3 events per 100 @entity1 -years, compared with 34 events among 244 @entity1 (13.9%) for a primary event rate of 3.8 events per 100 @entity1 -years with @entity1229 (rate ratio, 0.60; 95% credible interval, 0.41-1.05), meeting prespecified criteria for both noninferiority (posterior probability, >99.9%) and superiority (posterior probability, 96.0%). @entity1 in the device group demonstrated lower rates of both @entity65 (1.0 events per 100 @entity1 -years for the device group [17/463 @entity1 , 3.7%] vs 2.4 events per 100 @entity1 -years with @entity1229 [22/244 @entity1 , 9.0%]; hazard ratio [HR], 0.40; 95% CI, 0.21-0.75; P   =   .005) and all-cause mortality (3.2 events per 100 @entity1 -years for the device group [57/466 @entity1 , 12.3%] vs 4.8 events per 100 @entity1 -years with @entity1229 [44/244 @entity1 , 18.0%]; HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.45-0.98; P   =   .04). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: After 3.8 years of follow-up among @entity1 with @entity955 at elevated risk for @entity64 , percutaneous LAA closure met criteria for both noninferiority and superiority, compared with @entity1229 , for preventing the combined outcome of @entity64 , systemic @entity887 , and @entity65 , as well as superiority for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00129545.

title: Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure vs @entity1229 for XXXX : a randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'nonvalvular AF', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality', 'cardiovascular/unexplained death', 'cardiovascular death']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: It has been shown that the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) of @entity35 contains nitrergic neurons, which are activated during animal exposure to aversive stimuli. The BNST is also populated by glutamatergic and corticotrophin releasing factor (CRFergic) neurons, which in turn are activated under stressful situations. Here we investigated the anxiogenic-like effects of intra-BNST injections of a @entity842 (NO) donor, @entity70089 in @entity19 . The role of CRFergic and glutamatergic systems on defensive behavior induced by @entity70089 was investigated with previous intra-BNST infusion of different doses of @entity70090 , a CRF type 1 receptor antagonist (CRF1), or AP-7, an @entity3391 ( @entity3391 ) receptor antagonist. @entity148 -like behavior was assessed immediately and 5min after intra-BNST drug injection, exposing @entity19 to a novel arena and to the elevated plus-maze (EPM; an anxiogenic situation). Results showed that @entity70089 provoked a short period (   150s) of freezing behavior in the novel arena and increased @entity148 in the EPM. Both CP and AP-7 attenuated the anxiogenic-like effects of @entity70089 in the EPM without changing freezing behavior in the novel arena. When given alone (i.e. without prior intra-BNST injection of @entity70089 ), AP-7 (0.20nmol), but not CP (0.75, 1.50, or 3.00nmol), attenuated @entity148 in @entity19 exposed to the EPM. These results suggest that CRF1 and @entity3391 receptors located within the BNST differentially modulate aversive effects induced by NO production in this limbic forebrain structure.

title: @entity148 -like responses induced by @entity842 within the BNST in @entity19 : Role of CRF1 and XXXX receptors.

entities_list: @entity3391 :: ('D016202', 'Chemical') :: ['NMDA', 'N-methyl-d-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity3391 :: (D016202,Chemical) :: ['NMDA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The efficacy of @entity208 in autosomal dominant @entity8 ( @entity8 ) has been disputed. AIM: To address this question, in the absence of controlled trials. DESIGN: Retrospective long-term follow-up study. METHODS: All kindreds were biochemically screened. Measurements included @entity414 clearance, @entity1011 clearance, serum @entity1011 , and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). We used five siblings who had died or progressed to transplantation, ten other deceased relatives, and two index cases (one untreated, one non-compliant) as controls to assess the effects of @entity208 . RESULTS: Of eight families with @entity8 , six had a strong history of @entity8 and early parental @entity204 (mean age 41 years, n=10). Of 27 @entity1 started immediately on @entity208 and treated uninterruptedly, 21 responded well, including three @entity1 born subsequently. Eight siblings (mean age 19 years) with a normal plasma @entity1011 at start (<120 micromol/l, mean GFR 80 ml/min/1.73 m(2)) retained stable renal function (mean 14.5 years, mean age 34 years, GFR 85 ml/min/1.73 m(2)). Of the 13 other responders, treated for up to 34 years, 10 with a @entity1011 <200 micromol/l at diagnosis (mean age 28 years, mean @entity1011 137 micromol/l at start) now have a mean @entity1011 of 210 micromol/l. In contrast, five @entity1 (mean age 26 years) with a @entity1011 >200 micromol/l (GFR <35 ml/min/1.73 m(2)) when @entity208 commenced, plus one untreated index case, all progressed rapidly (mean 6 years) to @entity454 . In two others (one non-compliant, one initially untreated), GFR fell by >50% in 7 years. Introduction of @entity208 in the latter has stabilized GFR. DISCUSSION: @entity208 reduced the morbidity and mortality from @entity177 seen in untreated siblings and previous generations of these families. Early diagnosis of @entity8 is important, so that treatment can begin before irreversible @entity8 has developed.

title: Early treatment with XXXX in familial juvenile hyerpuricaemic @entity8 ( @entity8 ) ameliorates the long-term progression of @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['familial juvenile hyperuricaemic nephropathy', 'FJHN', 'renal damage', 'renal disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol', 'Allopurinol']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity208 :: (MESH:D000493,Chemical) :: ['allopurinol']


abstract: Tissue @entity32 often results in peritoneal scar tissue formation. The objective of this study was to determine whether mesothelial cells which line the peritoneal cavity express matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and if their expression is regulated by @entity2533 , a key regulator of tissue @entity82 . For this purpose we used @entity1 cells, a cell line derived from @entity1 normal mesothelial cells, and for comparative analysis we used U-937 cells, a @entity1 monocytic/macrophage cell line. The cells were treated with @entity2533 (1 ng/ml) for various time periods and the levels of MMP and @entity2843 mRNA and protein expression were determined using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The results indicate that the mesothelial cells and macrophages express @entity3334 (collagenase-1), @entity1549 (stromelysin-1), @entity2843 and @entity1552 mRNA and protein at various levels, with significantly higher TIMPs than MMPs, and higher @entity3334 than @entity1549 (p < 0.001). The mesothelial cells express significantly less @entity3334 , higher @entity1549 and similar levels of @entity2843 mRNA compared to macrophages. In a time-dependent manner, treatment of the mesothelial cells with @entity2533 resulted in a significant decrease in the expression of @entity3334 , while increasing the expression of @entity2843 mRNA (p = 0.05). In contrast, @entity1549 and @entity1552 expression was unaffected in mesothelial cells and in macrophages, compared to untreated controls. There was a significant increase in secreted @entity3334 and @entity1552 by mesothelial cells following @entity2533 treatments in a time-dependent manner (p = 0.05 and p = 0.01), without affecting the secretion of these proteins by macrophages. A major portion of @entity3334 in the culture conditioned media of both cell types was found in complex with @entity2843 . The ratios of @entity3334 /TIMPs production were significantly higher than @entity1549 /TIMPs in mesothelial cells and macrophages, and progressively decreased following @entity2533 treatments (p < 0.05). In conclusion, these results indicate that mesothelial cells express MMP and @entity2843 mRNA and protein, and their expression is differentially regulated by @entity2533 , a mechanism that in part may influence the outcome of peritoneal tissue repair and adhesion formation.

title: Expression of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases in mesothelial cells and their regulation by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['injury and pelvic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-beta1']

answer: @entity2533 :: (7040,Gene) :: ['transforming growth factor-beta1']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: In our earlier studies, we reported high concentrations of intra- and extracellular @entity460 ions ( @entity141 ) in the deeper epidermis of @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ) and associated @entity111 . To determine the cause of this phenomenon, we measured total @entity460 (TCa) concentrations in the deeper epidermis and performed immunostaining of epidermal albumin, which binds to @entity141 . METHODS: This study included 45 @entity1 with @entity740 -stage 5, which was defined as severely reduced kidney function (i.e., estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 15 mL/min or on dialysis). Subjects were divided into the @entity111 group, consisting of @entity1 with mild, moderate, or severe @entity1381 , and the non- @entity111 group, consisting of @entity1 with no or slight @entity111 . The particle-induced X- @entity16039 emission method was used to measure elements including TCa. Furthermore, we have immunostained epidermal albumin using anti-albumin antibodies and compared the results in the @entity111 and non- @entity111 groups. RESULTS: The TCa concentration in the spinous layer of @entity1 with @entity740 with @entity740 -associated @entity111 was lower than in @entity1 with @entity740 without @entity111 (median [range], 395 [235-1,063] vs. 476 [342-1,243]  g/g). The intensity of epidermal albumin expression in the spinous layer was weaker in @entity1 with @entity740 with @entity740 -associated @entity111 than in those without. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity740 with @entity740 -associated @entity111 demonstrated higher @entity141 concentrations but lower TCa concentrations than @entity1 without @entity740 -associated @entity111 . This could be in part due to low concentrations of epidermal albumin, which binds to @entity141 , in those with @entity740 -associated @entity111 . These results clarify the pathophysiology of @entity740 -associated @entity111 , providing a valuable foundation for the future development of treatments for this condition.

title: Total @entity460 and Albumin Are Decreased in the Deeper Epidermis of XXXX with @entity740 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['uremic pruritus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: investigation of length of survival, complications, level of @entity734 and recovery of swallow in @entity1 who received percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( @entity970 ) feeding for @entity1282 due to @entity64 . DESIGN: a retrospective case note analysis of @entity1 treated between 1991 and 1995 and telephone survey of modified Barthel index in October 1996. SETTING: Cardiff Royal Infirmary and the University Hospital of Wales in Cardiff. SUBJECTS: 126 @entity1 who had @entity970 inserted after @entity64 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: complications of @entity970 , length of survival, duration of @entity970 feeding, recovery of swallow and modified Barthel index score. RESULTS: median length of follow-up was 31 months (range 4-71). Median duration of @entity970 use was 127 days (range 1-1372). For @entity1 with @entity970 inserted within 2 weeks the median duration was 52 days (range 2-1478). At follow up 36 (29%) had had @entity970 removed, 72 (57%) had died with @entity970 in use, 10 (8%) still had @entity970 and were nil by mouth and five (4%) had @entity970 in use with swallow recovered. The median survival was 305 days. Thirty-five (28%) @entity1 died in hospital. @entity1174 was the commonest complication. Thirty-three @entity1 were alive in October 1996. The modified Barthel index for nursing home @entity1 was 4 (range 0-13) and for @entity1 at home 11 (range 2-20). CONCLUSION: @entity970 feeding is safe and well tolerated in @entity1 with @entity64 . Early @entity970 placement (within 2 weeks) is worthwhile with many going on to have long-term feeding. Although overall mortality is high, some @entity1 have a long-term survival and a few attain a reasonable level of function in daily living activities. Late recovery of swallow occurs and @entity1 should have follow-up swallowing assessment.

title: Long-term outcome of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity1174 :: ('MESH:D011015', 'Disease') :: ['Aspiration pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['dysphagic stroke']


abstract: Phytoremediation is promising, but depends on clearly understanding contaminants' impact on plant functioning. We therefore focused on the impact of @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) on cultivated plants and understanding the impact of @entity11966 ( @entity815 ) on @entity2829 functioning ( @entity2829 ). Cultivation was conducted under controlled conditions on artificially contaminated sand with @entity815 levels increasing from 50 to 750 mg @entity815 kg(-1). After four weeks, plants exposed to levels above 50 mg @entity815 kg(-1) presented decreased biomasses and reduced photosynthetic activity. These modifications were associated with higher biomass allocations to roots and lower ones to stems. The leaf biomass proportion was similar, with thinner blades than controls. @entity815 -exposed plant showed modified root architecture, with fewer roots of 0.2 and 0.4 mm in diameter. Leaves were @entity972 -deplete, but @entity460 , @entity3151 , @entity1760 and @entity219 -enriched. Their content in @entity1568 , @entity68 , @entity599 and @entity921 was unaffected. These responses resembled those of water-stress, although water contents in plant organs were not affected by @entity815 and water supply was not limited. They also indicated a possible perturbation of both nutritional functioning and photosynthesis.

title: Morphological and physiological responses of @entity2829 ( @entity2829 ) exposed to sand contaminated by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity11966 :: ('MESH:C031181', 'Chemical') :: ['phenanthrene']

answer: @entity11966 :: (MESH:C031181,Chemical) :: ['phenanthrene']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: One of the basic characteristics of @entity189 is its tendency to synchronous or metachronous multifocality. Thus the need to explore the entire urinary tract of @entity1 with urothelial neoformations. The aim of this article is to study the @entity5 of the upper urinary tract that appear synchronously with infiltrating @entity150 . The clinicopathological characteristics and the morbidity and mortality of en bloc surgery of both @entity5 are analyzed. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out on 170 radical cystectomies for infiltrating @entity150 performed in our department over a 13-year period. @entity1 history, clinicopathological characteristics, complementary tests, type of surgery performed, postoperative complications and follow-up were analyzed. RESULTS: Tumor of the upper urinary tract appeared in 14 (1 bilateral) of these @entity1 and were synchronous in 10 cases. All @entity1 were male; mean age 63 years. Three were localized in the pelvis, 2 in the proximal ureter and 6 in the distal third. Diagnosis was made by IVP in 6 @entity1 and by US and antegrade pyelography in the other 4 @entity1 . Nephroureterectomy and radical cystectomy were performed en bloc in 8 cases; 6 had a Bricker procedure and 2 ileal substitution. Salvage radical cystectomy + distal ureterectomy were performed in the other two @entity1 . Two @entity1 submitted to en bloc surgery had postoperative complications; one presented prolonged ileua and the other required surgery for retroperitoneal @entity548 . The two @entity1 submitted to palliative surgery died of and @entity295 during the postoperative period. At 33 months' mean follow-up, 3 @entity1 have shown @entity5 progression. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high proportion of @entity5 of the upper urinary tract in our series of @entity1 with infiltrating @entity150 undergoing radical cystectomy, therefore we consider it necessary to explore the entire urinary system. Surgical @entity5 en bloc does not increase the morbidity and mortality.

title: [Synchronous XXXX of the upper urinary tract with @entity150 . Opportunity for nephroureterectomy and block-cystectomy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'removal of both tumors', 'synchronous tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'carcinoma of the bladder']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Irradiation of DNA in a cellular environment leads to many types of DNA damage, resulting from various effects of gamma-radiation. One of these effects is the formation of water-derived radicals (e.g., . @entity2145 radicals), which are formed in the vicinity of DNA (indirect effect). To study the influence of the indirect effect on gamma-radiation-induced mutations, a newly constructed plasmid, containing the @entity11524 gene as a target gene, was irradiated with 60Co gamma-radiation in aqueous solution, in the presence of @entity26 . Under these circumstances, only . @entity2145 radicals will be responsible for the induced mutations. Sequence analysis of the gamma-radiation-induced mutations showed that 96% of all mutations were base pair substitutions, 87% of which occurred in the @entity11524 gene, the others are formed in the lac operator part. All gamma-radiation-induced mutations in the @entity11524 gene occurred exclusively on G:C base pairs, and no mutations at A:T base pairs could be detected. In the spontaneous mutation spectrum, 83% of all mutations were base pair substitutions, 35% of which occurred in the @entity11524 gene and 48% in the lac operator part. Base pair substitutions on G:C base pairs were very similar in the gamma-radiation-induced and in the spontaneous mutation spectrum, implying a high contribution of . @entity2145 radicals to spontaneous mutagenesis. A:T to G:C transitions accounted for 10% of all spontaneous base pair substitutions in the @entity11524 gene and are probably the result of effects, other than just . @entity2145 radicals. It can be concluded that . @entity2145 radicals are an important source for mutations at G:C base pairs. In this paper, the extracellular gamma-radiation-induced mutation spectrum is also compared to the previously obtained, intracellular gamma-radiation-induced mutation spectrum of the @entity11524 gene. Comparison shows some differences, such as relative high amounts of mutations at A:T base pairs, G:C to T:A transversions and frameshift mutations in the intracellular gamma-radiation-induced mutation spectrum, as compared to the extracellular gamma-radiation-induced mutation spectrum. Since the extracellular gamma-radiation-induced mutation spectrum shows that . @entity2145 radicals are mainly responsible for base pair substitutions on G:C base pairs, mutations at A:T base pairs in the intracellular gamma-radiation-induced mutation spectrum are apparently the result of additional or other factors.

title: Mutation spectrum in the XXXX gene, induced by gamma-radiation in aqueous solution under oxic conditions.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity11524 :: (7035,Gene) :: ['lacI']


abstract: In this retrospective study, the efficacy and safety were examined for an intraperitoneal chemotherapy protocol- @entity786 , @entity1891 and @entity617 ( @entity7173 -COP) in 26 @entity468 with @entity706 . Certainly in @entity468 fiercely resisting IV administration the @entity7173 route is a more practical method, safer for the administrator and less stressful for the cat. Complete remission (CR) rate was 76.9% (n   =   20). Median duration of first remission was 421   days. Estimated 1- and 2-year disease free period were 67.1 and 48.0%, respectively. Median duration of survival was 388   days and estimated overall 1- and 2-year survival periods were 54.7 and 46.9% respectively. Young @entity468 had a more favourable prognosis. Reaching CR was essential for long-term survival. No specific @entity7173 -related adverse events (AE) were seen. AE were generally scored as mild and were not excessively abundant. These results indicate that the @entity7173 route is a safe and effective alternative for the administration of COP protocol chemotherapeutics.

title: Intraperitoneal antineoplastic drug delivery: experience with a @entity786 , XXXX and @entity617 protocol in @entity468 with @entity706 .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity1891 :: (MESH:D014750,Chemical) :: ['vincristine']


abstract: Hyaluronan (HA), a secreted glycosaminoglycan component of extracellular matrices, is critical for cellular proliferation and motility during development. However, elevated circulating and cell-associated levels correlate with various types of @entity5 , including prostate. We have previously shown that aggressive PC3M-LN4 @entity263 cells synthesize excessive HA relative to @entity146 cells, and express correspondingly higher levels of the HA biosynthetic enzymes @entity4660 and @entity9907 . Inhibition of these enzymes by stable transfection of PC3M-LN4 cells with anti-sense @entity4660 or @entity9907 expression constructs diminishes HA synthesis and surface retention. In this report, we used these @entity8273 cell lines to examine the role of HA in tumorigenicity. Subcutaneous injection of @entity915 @entity19 with hyaluronan synthase (HAS) antisense-transfected cells produced @entity5 threefold to fourfold smaller than control transfectants. Tumors from HAS antisense transfectants were histologically @entity8273 relative to controls. @entity8273 corresponded to threefold reduced cell numbers per @entity5 , but comparable numbers of apoptotic and proliferative cells. Percentages of apoptotic cells in cultured transfectants were identical to those of control cells, but antisense inhibition of HA synthesis effected slower growth rate of cells in culture. Quantification of blood vessel density within @entity5 sections revealed 70 to 80% diminished vascularity of HAS antisense @entity5 . Collectively, the results suggest HAS overexpression by @entity263 cells may facilitate their growth and proliferation in a complex environment by enhancing intrinsic cell growth rates and promoting angiogenesis. Furthermore, this is the first report of a role for inhibition of HA synthesis in reducing @entity5 growth kinetics.

title: Inhibition of XXXX cell hyaluronan synthesis impairs subcutaneous growth and vascularization in immunocompromised @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity8273 :: ('MESH:C565742', 'Disease') :: ['HA-deficient', 'HA deficiency']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate tumor']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['less aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate tumor']


abstract: The role of anesthetics in animal research models is crucial, yet often ignored, and is almost never the primary focus of examination. Here, we investigated the impact of anesthetic regimens on different parameters of hemodynamics (blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR)), metabolism ( @entity413 , insulin, and free @entity1718 (FFA)), and @entity32 ( @entity777 and @entity637 ) in two frequently used @entity19 strains ( @entity11897 ). All animals were at a similar surgical plane of anesthesia, mechanically ventilated, and monitored for 60   min. The following anesthetic regimens were studied: (1) @entity3575 - @entity3652 - @entity1363 (FKM), (2) fentanyl-midazolam-haldol (FMH), (3) pentobarbital (P), (4) fentanyl-fluanisone-midazolam (FFM), (5) fentanyl-midazolam-acepromazine ( @entity7595 ), (6) @entity3652 - @entity8998 - @entity3897 (KMA), (7) @entity5161 (ISO), and (8) propofol-fentanyl-midazolam (PFM). Metabolic and inflammatory parameters were compared with those obtained from non-anesthetized animals. Hemodynamics: BP >80   mm   Hg were only obtained with KMA, whereas @entity551 (BP <60   mm   Hg) was observed with FKM and P. HR >500 beats/min was observed with ISO and PFM, whereas HR <400 beats/min was induced with KMA, FMH (BL/6), P (BL/6), and FKM (FVB). Metabolism: @entity413 and insulin were most disturbed by KMA and ISO and mildly disturbed by FMA, whereas FFM, PFM, and P did not have any effect. FFA increased largely by FMA, with ISO and FKM having no effects. Inflammation: Cytokines were increased least with ISO/FFM/FMA, whereas FKM and KMA induced the largest increases in cytokines. When aiming at achieving surgical anesthesia without large disturbances in hemodynamic, metabolic, and inflammatory profiles, FFM, ISO, or PFM may be the most neutral anesthetic regimens in @entity19 .

title: Optimizing anesthetic regimen for surgery in XXXX through minimization of hemodynamic, metabolic, and inflammatory perturbations.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8998 :: ('MESH:D020926', 'Chemical') :: ['medetomidine']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Dynamic sentinel node biopsy (DSNB) has been recommended in the EAU guidelines for several years as a minimally invasive method for lymph node staging in @entity1 with @entity17539 and nonpalpable lymph nodes. However, due to the high methodological demands and the primarily unreliable results, this method is rarely used in Germany. The aim of this study was to establish the reliability and morbidity of this method. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The frequency of lymph node recurrent disease and complications were prospectively recorded in @entity1 with initially nonpalpable inguinal lymph nodes and histologically negative sentinel lymph nodes. Quality criteria were the false negative rate (percentage of lymph node recurrence in negative procedures) and the morbidity rate. Inguinal regions with palpable lymph nodes and/or evidence of @entity3 were not considered. RESULTS: The study included 37 @entity1 with histologically negative sentinel lymph nodes in 63 groins with nonpalpable inguinal lymph nodes. There were 21  T1(a/b) stages, 10 T2, and 6 T3 stages. @entity5 differentiation was good in 4, moderate in 26, and poor in 7 @entity1 . During a median follow-up of 52 months (range 1-131  months), we observed a bilateral lymph node recurrence in 1  @entity1 and a conservatively managed prolonged lymphorrhea in another @entity1 . Per inguinal region the false-negative rate was 3.2   % and the morbidity rate was 1.6   %; seen per @entity1 the rates were both 2.7   %. CONCLUSIONS: DSNB is a reliable method of lymph node staging in @entity1 with @entity17539 and nonpalpable inguinal lymph nodes. The high degree of reliability in combination with the low morbidity justifies the higher methodical complexity of this method.

title: [Long-term results of sentinel node biopsy diagnostics in XXXX : Dynamic sentinel node biopsy in cases with nonpalpable lymph nodes in the groin].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity17539 :: ('MESH:D010412', 'Disease') :: ['penile carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity17539 :: (MESH:D010412,Disease) :: ['penile carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Periconceptional use of @entity1501 can prevent @entity600 , including at least 50% of @entity601 . This study used an ongoing surveillance system to explore the association between pregnancy intendedness and @entity1 taking periconceptional @entity1501 . METHODS: Oregon Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) surveys a stratified random sample of @entity1 after a live birth. In 1998-1999, 1867 @entity1 completed the survey (64.0% response rate); responses were weighted for nonresponse. @entity1 were asked whether they took @entity1501 most days in the month before becoming pregnant. RESULTS: Overall, 33.2% of @entity1 took @entity1501 most days in the month before becoming pregnant, and 39.9% said that their pregnancy was unintended. Adolescent mothers were less likely to take periconceptional @entity1501 (9.2%) and more likely to report unintended pregnancy (62.0%) than older @entity1 . Overall, @entity1 who said that their pregnancy was intended were more likely to report that they had taken periconceptional @entity1501 (odds ratio: 4.75; 95% confidence interval: 3.16-7.14); after controlling for maternal age and income the odds ratio was 3.70 (95% confidence interval: 2.38-5.56). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 whose pregnancies were intended were more likely to have been taking periconceptional @entity1501 than @entity1 whose pregnancies were unintended. The importance of fertile @entity1 's taking daily multivitamins that contain 400 microg (0.4 mg) of @entity1501 should be stressed among @entity1 who are not contemplating pregnancy, especially adolescents and low-income @entity1 .

title: Pregnancy intendedness and the use of periconceptional XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['neural tube defects']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defects']

answer: @entity1501 :: (MESH:D005492,Chemical) :: ['folic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of preoperative administration of oral @entity1735 ( @entity435 ) or oral rehydration solution (ORS). However, the effects of preoperative @entity435 or ORS on postoperative quality of recovery after anesthesia remain unclear. Consequently, the purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of preoperative @entity435 or ORS on @entity1 recovery, using the Quality of Recovery 40 questionnaire (QoR-40). METHODS: This prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial included American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status 1 and 2 adult @entity1 , who were scheduled to undergo a surgical procedure of body surface. Subjects were randomized to one of the three groups: 1) preoperative @entity435 group, 2) preoperative ORS group, and 3) control group. The primary outcome was the global QoR-40 administered 24 h after surgery. Intraoperative use of vasopressor, intraoperative body temperature changes, and @entity1209 ( @entity1209 ) were also evaluated. RESULTS: We studied 134 subjects. The median [interquartile range (IQR)] global QoR-40 scores 24 h after the surgery were 187 [177-197], 186 [171-200], and 184 [171-198] for the @entity435 , ORS, and control groups, respectively (p = 0.916). No significant differences existed between the groups regarding intraoperative vasopressor use during the surgery (p = 0.475). CONCLUSIONS: Results of the current study indicated that the preoperative administration of either @entity435 or ORS did not improve the quality of recovery in @entity1 undergoing minimally invasive body surface surgery. TRIAL REGISTRATION: www.umin.ac.jp UMIN000009388 https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr.cgi?function=brows_action=brows_type=summary_recptno=R000011029_language=E.

title: The Effect of Preoperative Oral XXXX or Oral Rehydration Solution on Postoperative Quality of Recovery: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial.

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['PONV', 'postoperative nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['Carbohydrate']


abstract: AIMS: The adherence to the guidelines for pharmacotherapy of @entity712 ( @entity712 )- @entity1 improves prognosis. Although general practitioners (GPs) treat the majority of @entity712 - @entity1 , information about GPs' current guideline adherence and their typical prescription rationales is sparse. METHODS AND RESULTS: A three-stage study design was employed. In Stage I, 206 @entity1 records from 15 randomly chosen GP practices were analysed; 76  % of @entity1 were prescribed ACE-inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEIs/ARBs), 73  % beta blocker (BBs), but only 18  % mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs). ACEI doses were at 62  % of the guideline recommended target doses, BBs at 46  %, while MRAs were sufficiently highly dosed. The guideline adherence indicator (GAI-3) was only 22  %. In Stage II, GPs in all 15 practices were interviewed, and health record documentation deficits and @entity1 ' contraindications were taken into account. This increased the percentage of @entity1 correctly prescribed ACEIs/ARBs to 87  %, BBs to 84  % and GAI-3 to 56  %. MRAs exhibited the most frequent contraindications, but remained underprescribed. Many GPs seemed not to be aware of the therapeutic value of MRAs or the need to reach target doses of the indicated drug classes. @entity1 -interviewed in Stage III-reported good tolerability of @entity712 -drugs and generally good compliance, although 11  % discontinued @entity712 -medication on their own. CONCLUSIONS: Guideline adherence of GPs was higher than expected from literature and might be further improved by highlighting MRAs as the third prognostically relevant drug class beside ACEIs/ARBs and BBs and stronger emphasis on target doses.

title: General practitioners' adherence to XXXX guidelines regarding medication: the GP- @entity712 study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'chronic heart failure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['chronic heart failure']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Circadian variation in @entity65 is well recognised in vascular events. This study aims to observe any significant difference in circadian variability in geriatric @entity1 when compared to their younger counterparts. METHODS: This prospective study was conducted at medical emergency at the Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India. All the @entity1 attending medical emergency with symptoms suggestive of @entity453 were included. The time of occurrence of first symptom and subsequent symptoms was noted. Electrocardiography, cardiac enzymes and echocardiography were performed to establish the diagnosis of @entity1187 . The 24-hour day was divided into 12 equal parts of two hours each. For the final analysis, the two-hour periods were grouped into six equal periods of four hours each and four quarters of six hours each. RESULTS: We studied 559 @entity1 , out of whom 459 were 65 years old or younger, and 100 @entity1 were older than 65 years old. 459 @entity1 had 498 episodes in all. 100 @entity1 above the age of 65 years had 104 episodes. Both the groups had peaking of acute @entity583 in the early morning hours with @entity1 older than 65 years of age having a slightly early peak. However, there was considerable variability for peaking of unstable @entity951 and non-Q @entity583 . In @entity1 older than 65 years, early morning peaking of events was noted whereas in 65 years or younger, the peaking of events was noted in the evening hours. CONCLUSION: Circadian variability exists in occurrence of acute coronary events and is variable in geriatric @entity1 when compared to their younger counterparts.

title: Ageing and circadian variation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular events']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review of transpedicular instrumentation used in a series of 24 @entity1 with myelodysplastic @entity85 and @entity1417 . OBJECTIVE: To describe the usefulness and efficacy of these instruments in the treatment of complicated myelodysplastic @entity85 . METHODS: The mean preoperative @entity1635 was 75.7 degrees (range, 39-130 degrees) in the 22 @entity1 with @entity85 ; 4 @entity1 with thoracic hyperkyphoses averaged 70.5 degrees (range, 46-90 degrees) and 10 @entity1 with lumbar kyphoses averaged 80.5 degrees (range, 42-120 degrees). The instrumentation extended to the sacrum in 4 @entity1 and the pelvis in 9; 10 @entity1 also underwent anterior release and fusion and 7 underwent concomitant spinal cord detethering. At an average follow-up of 4.0 years (2.0-7.7 years; one @entity1 died at 8 months), all @entity1 have fused (with the exception of two @entity1516 ). RESULTS: At last follow-up, deformity measured 32.1 degrees @entity1635 (range, 6-85 degrees), 30.8 degrees @entity1513 (range, 24-35 degrees), and 0.0 degree lumbar @entity1513 (range, 35 degrees @entity1513 to 29 degrees @entity1515 ). Three @entity1 lost some neurologic function after surgery; two recovered within 6 months and one has incomplete recovery. No ambulatory @entity1 lost the ability to walk. Five @entity1 required additional surgical procedures; in three cases, there was instrumentation breakage associated with @entity1516 or unfused spinal segments. CONCLUSIONS: Pedicle screw instrumentation is uniquely suited to the @entity2590 . Compared with historical control subjects, these devices have proven capable of significant correction of both scoliotic and @entity85 . This instrumentation appears particularly useful in preserving @entity1515 in all @entity1 and may preserve @entity11535 in ambulatory @entity2590 @entity1 .

title: @entity85 in XXXX . Correction with posterior pedicle screw instrumentation.

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic kyphosis', 'kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity1417 :: ('MESH:C565217', 'Disease') :: ['deficient posterior elements']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplasia', 'deficient myelodysplastic spine']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1515 :: ('MESH:D008141', 'Disease') :: ['lordosis', 'lumbar lordosis']

entities_list: @entity11535 :: ('MESH:D009041', 'Disease') :: ['more lumbar motion']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformities', 'spinal deformity', 'scoliotic deformities', 'kyphotic deformities']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['lumbosacral pseudarthroses', 'pseudarthrosis']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether chronic treatment with @entity18818 , a @entity460 antagonist, leads not only to regression of @entity4346 , but also to an improvement in coronary flow reserve and microvascular remodeling. DESIGN AND METHODS: Two-kidney, one clip Goldblatt @entity101 @entity35 were assigned either to a @entity18818 -treatment group or to a group without treatment after their kidneys had been clipped for 4 weeks. @entity18818 was administered to @entity35 in the treatment group for 6 weeks. At the end of the treatment, the systemic hemodynamics and coronary blood flow were determined in conscious unrestrained @entity35 by using nonradioactive colored microspheres injected through the left atrium. The coronary blood flow was determined in @entity35 of both groups with the @entity35 at rest and after near-maximal vasodilatation induced by carbochrome. For evaluation of the microvascular remodeling capillary density, the wall : lumen ratio of arterioles and perivascular @entity82 were quantified by using an image analyzer after fixation of heart tissue. RESULTS: @entity18818 treatment lowered the blood pressure significantly with a decrease in total peripheral resistance, and the left ventricular mass decreased markedly compared with that of untreated @entity101 @entity35 . The coronary flow reserve of the untreated @entity101 @entity35 was lower than that of the controls, but @entity18818 treatment improved the coronary flow reserve. We found a significant decrease in capillary density, and significant increases in wall : lumen ratio and perivascular @entity82 in untreated @entity101 @entity35 . These changes in microvasculature were improved by @entity18818 treatment. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these results suggest that @entity18818 exerts favorable effects as an antihypertensive drug by reversing @entity1283 and improving the coronary flow reserve and microvascular remodeling.

title: Effect of @entity18818 on microvascular remodeling and coronary flow reserve in two-kidney, one clip Goldblatt XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity18818 :: ('MESH:C061004', 'Chemical') :: ['Benidipine', 'benidipine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prognosis of @entity1 in whom the right coronary artery (RCA) arises from the left coronary sinus (LCS) is unequal. An initial intramural course of the coronary artery within the aortic media is considered to cause @entity741 in cases of @entity301 . METHODS: Clinicopathological findings in five autopsy cases where the RCA arose from the LCS with an intramural course were examined. Comparison between @entity1164 and @entity204 was also performed. RESULTS: Two of five cases were @entity1164 , and the other three cases were @entity204 . In one case of @entity944 , the @entity1 collapsed during light exercise, and in the other case, the @entity1 was under the effect of @entity888 . Both of the cases of @entity944 showed an RCA-dominant pattern in distribution of the coronary artery, @entity731 narrowing of the RCA, and acute @entity63 @entity39 in the posterior basilar ventricular septum around the atrioventricular conduction system, which is considered to be the territory of the RCA. CONCLUSIONS: An intramural course within the aortic media may be an accelerating factor of @entity551 in cases with an origin of the RCA arising from the LCS because of compression from the aortic lumen. However, this finding may not be an independent predictor of pathological @entity63 . Additional factors that diminish blood flow in the intramural segment may be required to cause significant @entity741 . Additionally, inciting factors, which can increase blood pressure, may also play a role in causing symptomatic @entity741 by initiating mechanical compression from the aorta to the intramural segment of the RCA.

title: Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the left coronary sinus with an intramural course: comparison between @entity944 and XXXX cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary anomalies']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['decreased blood flow']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['noncardiac death']

answer: @entity944 :: (MESH:D003645,Disease) :: ['non-sudden-death']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe and quantify the side effects of intravesical BCG therapy (Connaught strain) in different therapeutic protocols. METHODS: 200 @entity1 were studied; 126 treated according to the standard protocol of our hospital (modality 1 and modality 2: twelve and nine 81 mg instillations, respectively) and 74 @entity1 in the CUETO protocols (90008, 93009, 95011, 95012). Classification of BCG @entity137 was based on the criteria utilized by @entity34221 which divides it into side effects and complications. We have distinguished side effects further as local irritative symptoms (LIS) and @entity2335 . RESULTS: The most common side effects were LIS (80%) and @entity2335 (21.5%). The incidence of @entity2335 (44.4%) and general malaise (44.4%) was higher for modality 1 than for modality 2 (24.1% and 20.3%, respectively). The CUETO 93009 protocol ( @entity1138 + @entity8153 ) showed the highest incidence of side effects (LIS 100%, @entity2335 57.1% and fever < 39 degrees C 71.4%). The most frequent complication was fever > 39 degrees C (4%), followed by @entity99 (3%). The rate of bladder retraction was notably high (1.5%), requiring cystectomy with neobladder substitution in two cases. The overall complication rate for modality 1 (16.6%) was reduced when modality 2 was utilized (8.3%). In the CUETO 90008 protocol, dose reduction did not reduce the complication rate (81 mg: 7.1%; 21 mg: 19.2%). BCG therapy was discontinued in 14%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity137 due to intravesical BCG therapy did not decrease when the dose was reduced, but diminished in number and intensity when the number of consecutive instillations was reduced.

title: [Complications of endovesical treatment with BCG in a series of 200 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The phase 3 ICOGEN trial established the non-inferiority of @entity41059 to @entity4562 in terms of progression-free survival (PFS) in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 , and this led to the approval of @entity41059 for @entity1149 by the China Food and Drug Administration. A phase 4 study was conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of @entity41059 in a broad range of @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 across China. METHODS: This study retrospectively analyzed data from unresectable, recurrent, and/or advanced @entity1149 @entity1 who received oral @entity41059 125mg three times per day. The primary endpoint was safety. The secondary endpoints included objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR), which were investigated overall and in subgroups such as @entity1 with an @entity470 mutation and elderly @entity1 . RESULTS: Between August, 2011 and August, 2012, a total of 6087 advanced @entity1149 @entity1 were registered in this study, of which 5549 were evaluable for safety and @entity5 response. The median age was 63 years (range 21-95 years), and 1571 (28.3%) @entity1 were over the age of 70. The majority of @entity1 were non-smokers, and had @entity420 and @entity5 . The overall incidence of @entity137 ( @entity137 ) of any grade was 31.5%. The most common @entity137 included @entity1910 (17.4%) and @entity294 (8.5%), and three @entity1 experienced @entity401 ( @entity401 ). The ORR and DCR were 30.0% and 80.6%, respectively, for the overall population, and 33.4% and 81.2%, 30.3% and 80.3%, and 30.4% and 89.3%, for first-line, second-line, and third-line or multiple line subsets, respectively. In 665 @entity470 -mutated @entity1 who were evaluable for @entity5 response, the ORR and DCR were 49.2% (327/665) and 92.3% (614/665), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The data from over 6000 @entity1 was consistent with the results of the ICOGEN study. @entity41059 demonstrated a favorable @entity137 profile and efficacy in the routine clinical setting.

title: A single-arm, multicenter, safety-monitoring, phase IV study of XXXX in treating advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ).

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'adverse drug reactions', 'ADRs']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage IV disease']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity41059 :: ('MESH:C531470', 'Chemical') :: ['icotinib', 'Icotinib']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['ILD', 'interstitial lung disease']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity41059 :: (MESH:C531470,Chemical) :: ['icotinib']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the outcomes of >= 6y ranibizumab therapy in neovascular @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ). METHODS: HELIX was a retrospective, observational effectiveness study using medical records of @entity1 treated in three clinics in Belgium. @entity1 had @entity1020 and were initially treated with intravitreal ranibizumab (0.5 mg) between November 1, 2007 and October 31, 2008, had >= 6y of data available, and were treated on an ongoing, as-needed basis. Outcomes included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and @entity989 ( @entity989 ). RESULTS: The sample consisted of 88 eyes from 69 @entity1 . Mean age was 76.4  6.5y, most @entity1 were female (62.3%). Most eyes (62.5%) were treatment-naive, 33 previously treated eyes had received predominantly other anti- @entity7 agents and @entity4936 . Mean baseline BCVA was 57.4  12.7 ETDRS letters and @entity989 was 291.5  86.1  m. On average, @entity1 received 20.6  11.9 ranibizumab injections over the >= 6y. Intervals between injections were on average 12.7  16.1wk. Mean change in BCVA from baseline to last observation for the sample was less than one letter (-0.9  17.3 letters), with an average loss of -3.2  15.6 letters in previously treated eyes versus a gain of 0.6  18.4 letters in treatment-na  ve eyes. When considering a loss of <15 letters over 6y as stabilization of disease, 75.9% of all eyes showed a positive (improvement or stabilization) outcome. Mean change in @entity989 from baseline to last observation for the sample was -26.9  148.4  m with the greatest reduction observed in treatment-naive eyes. CONCLUSION: This retrospective study of 69 @entity1020 @entity1 treated for >= 6y with ranibizumab demonstrates long-term visual stabilization. In light of the natural evolution of the disease, these data confirm that ranibizumab is effective long-term under real-world conditions of heterogeneity of @entity1 , clinicians, and centers.

title: Six-year outcomes in neovascular XXXX with ranibizumab.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4936 :: ('MESH:C098350', 'Chemical') :: ['verteporfin']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['CRT', 'central retinal thickness']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['neovascular AMD', 'AMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['age-related macular degeneration']


abstract: Assessment of imbalance in @entity191 ( @entity191 ) usually relies on semi-quantitative ratings. Posturography has been proposed as an objective means to assess imbalance but its relationship to clinical disequilibrium is questionable. In this study static and dynamic posturography was performed in 58 @entity1 with @entity191 and 29 healthy controls. In @entity1 , posturography was related to performance in established clinical tests (pull-test and tandem gait). Posturography did not differentiate between controls and @entity1 with impaired pull-test (IPDimb, n = 28). @entity1 with normal pull-test (IPDstab n = 30) had lower sway than controls in static (P = 0.042) and dynamic posturography (P = 0.001) and also differed from @entity1 with impaired pull-test in static (P = 0.007) and dynamic (P < 0.001) conditions. In @entity1 with side-steps in tandem gait (n = 21), sway in static and dynamic posturography was increased. Sway measures did not differentiate between @entity1 with pull-test scores 1 and 2 or one and >1 side step in tandem-gait, respectively. Results of ANOVA showed that variance of static posturography was related to performance in tandem-gait (P < 0.0001) but not to pull-test performance (P = 0.91). In contrast, dynamic posturography was related to both, tandem-gait (P = 0.012) and pull-test (P = 0.03). Posturographic sway is increased in @entity1 with @entity191 with disturbance of tandem gait and pull-test. Posturographic measures did not distinguish between different degrees of deficits in clinical tests.

title: Posturography reflects clinical imbalance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["idiopathic Parkinson's disease", 'IPD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: Two hybrid genes ( @entity40110 -HuIFN-gamma2 and @entity40110 -HuIFN-gamma3) were constructed on the basis of @entity742 @entity40110 ( @entity40110 ) and @entity1 @entity379 (HuIFN-gamma) gene sequences. They were used to direct HuIFN-gamma synthesis in the mammary gland of @entity19 . HuIFN-gamma was efficiently produced in the mammary gland of @entity19 . @entity40110 -HuIFN-gamma2 transgenic females expressed HuIFN-gamma in the milk at concentrations up to 570 mg/ml, and @entity40110 -HuIFN-gamma3 transgenic females expressed up to 350 mg/ml. All females carrying the @entity40110 -HuIFN-gamma3 gene expressed HuIFN-gamma in their milk. No significant changes were observed in the HuIFN-gamma expression level during the lactation period. Using RT-PCR analysis, ectopic expression for both hybrid genes was found in @entity19 . Despite ectopic expression of HuIFN-gamma in @entity19 , their development and pregnancy were normal. The heritability of the HuIFN-gamma expression level in milk was demonstrated up to the F2 generation. This work demonstrates that hybrid genes have the potential to develop in transgenic domestic animals producing HuIFN-gamma in milk.

title: Efficient @entity1 @entity379 expression in the mammary gland of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['transgenic mice']


abstract: Peri-ictal single-photon emission tomography (SPET) difference images co-registered to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) visualize regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) changes and help localize the epileptogenic area in medically @entity302 . Few reports have examined the reproducibility of SPET difference image results. @entity302 @entity1 having two peri-ictal and at least one interictal SPET scan who later underwent surgical resection were studied. Localization accuracy of peri-ictal SPET difference images results, interictal electroencephalography (EEG), and ictal EEG from the first ( @entity410 1) and second ( @entity410 2) @entity410 , as well as MRI and positron emission tomography (PET) findings, were compared using surgical resection site as the standard. Thirteen @entity1 underwent surgical resection (11 temporal lobe and 2 extratemporal). SPET results from @entity410 1 were localized to the surgical site in 12/13 (92%) @entity1 , while SPET results from @entity410 2 were localized in 13/13 (100%) @entity1 . All other modalities were less accurate than the SPET results interictal EEG-- @entity410 1 6/13 (46%); ictal EEG-- @entity410 1 5/13 (38%); interictal intracranial EEG-- @entity410 2 4/9 (44%); ictal intracranial EEG-- @entity410 2 results 8/9 (89%); MRI 6/13 (46%); PET 9/13 (69%)[. SPET results were reproducible in 12/13 (92%) @entity1 . SPET difference images calculated from two independent peri-ictal scans appear to be reproducible and accurately localize the epileptogenic area. While SPET difference images visualize many areas of rCBF change, the quantification of these results along with consideration of injection time improves the diagnostic interpretation of the results.

title: Reproducibility of serial peri-ictal single-photon emission tomography difference images in XXXX @entity1 undergoing surgical resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Epilepsy', 'refractory epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2647 induces maternal @entity1168 in 50% of mothers when used for prevention and treatment of spinal anaesthesia-induced @entity551 during caesarean delivery. Rapid fluid administration immediately after initiation of the spinal block (co-loading) may have a vasopressor sparing effect. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that when using rapid crystalloid co-loading, an infusion of 50 mcg/minute of PE could be as effective as 100 mcg/minute in preventing @entity551 but with minimal maternal @entity1168 and an acceptable fetal outcome. METHODS: 117 mothers scheduled for elective caesarean section were recruited in this randomized controlled trial. Co-loading with 10 ml/kg of Hartmann's solution started immediately after a standard spinal anaesthesia. Parturients were then randomly allocated into two groups. Group 50 (n = 54) received @entity2647 infusion at 50 microg/min, and group 100 (n=63) 100 microg/min. Rescue @entity2647 boluses (50 mcg) were administered if needed to maintain systolic blood pressure between 80-100% of its baseline values. RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure was not different between mothers in both groups during the study period. All neonatal Apgar scores at 1 minute were > or =7 and at 5 minutes were > or =9. No mother had umbilical arterial pH <7.2. Umbilical arterial and venous blood gas and acid base values were not different between both groups except the umbilical arterial PCO2 that was significantly higher in group 100. There were more frequent episodes of maternal @entity1168 in Group 100 than in Group 50 (eleven and one parturients respectively). There was no difference in the incidence of @entity390 and @entity391 in both groups. CONCLUSION: In combination with rapid co-loading, an infusion rate of 50 microg/min of PE is as adequate as 100 microg/min in prevention of spinal anaesthesia-induced @entity551 during elective caesarean section. Both infusions are associated with a similar neonatal outcome. PE infusion of 50 microg/min is associated with significantly less maternal @entity1168 than 100 microg/min.

title: Comparison between two @entity2647 infusion rates with moderate co-loading for the prevention of spinal anaeshtesia-induced XXXX during elective caesarean section.

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine', 'Phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension', 'maternal hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['hypotension']


abstract: Although @entity879 represents a ubiquitous @entity1 health problem, there is a lack of effective therapeutic strategies that have few side  -effects and the precise mechanisms underlying @entity879 are not fully understood. Phosphoinositide 3  -kinase ( @entity3115 ) is a pivotal kinase known to regulate inflammatory responses in @entity99 . Although previous research indicates that @entity3115 is involved in @entity299 , including @entity583 , it currently remains unclear whether the inhibition of @entity3115 is essential for ameliorating the severity of lipopolysaccharide ( @entity17296 )  -induced @entity99 . The aim of the present study was to investigate whether pharmacological blockade of @entity3115 ameliorates the development of @entity17296  -induced @entity19 @entity99 . A @entity19 model of @entity17296  -induced @entity99 was used to investigate the therapeutic effect of the pan  - @entity3115 inhibitor, @entity2306 on @entity19 @entity879 and to investigate potential underlying mechanisms. The current report presents the in vivo role of @entity2306 in protecting the @entity19 from @entity879 . @entity2306 was observed to exert significant protective effects on the liver by reducing the activities of @entity3929 aminotransferase and @entity5906 aminotransferase, as well as by improving the histological architecture of the liver. In @entity17296  -induced @entity99 , treatment with @entity2306 clearly inhibited intrahepatic synthesis of various disease  -relevant proinflammatory cytokines, including @entity5 @entity39 factor  -a, @entity777 , @entity635 and interferon  -y. Furthermore, @entity2306 was observed to significantly inhibit @entity10181 phosphorylation in @entity17296  -injured @entity19 liver samples. Therefore, @entity2306 may protect the liver from @entity17296  -induced injury by inhibition of the @entity10181  -nuclear factor k  -light  -chain  -enhancer of activated B cell dependent signaling pathway. Thus, the current report provides evidence that @entity2306 exerts potent effects against @entity17296  -induced @entity99 , indicating its potential therapeutic value for the treatment of acute @entity99 .

title: XXXX prevents lipopolysaccharide  -induced @entity99 in a @entity19 model by suppressing @entity10181 phosphorylation.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['fulminant hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac diseases']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic injury', 'hepatic diseases', 'hepatitis', 'acute hepatic injury']

answer: @entity2306 :: (MESH:C085911,Chemical) :: ['LY294002']


abstract: @entity60184 is an orally available multi-targeted @entity669 kinase inhibitor with anti-angiogenic and antitumor activity. To get more insight into the disposition of @entity60184 , a mass balance study was performed in @entity1 with advanced solid @entity5 . A single oral 24  mg (100   Ci) dose of (14)C-lenvatinib was administered to six @entity1 , followed by collection of blood, plasma, urine and feces for 7 to 10  days. The collected material was analyzed for total radioactivity, unchanged @entity60184 and selected metabolites. The safety and antitumor effect of a daily oral dose of 24  mg non-labeled @entity60184 were assessed in the extension phase of the study. Peak plasma concentrations of @entity60184 and total radioactivity were reached 1.6 and 1.4  h after administration, respectively, and their terminal phase half-lifes were 34.5 and 17.8  h, respectively. Unchanged @entity60184 systemic exposure accounted for 60  % of the total radioactivity in plasma. Peak concentrations of the analyzed metabolite were over 700-fold lower than the peak plasma concentration of @entity60184 . Ten days after the initial dose, the geometric mean (   CV) recovery of administered dose was 89  %   10  %, with 64  %   11  % recovered in feces and 25  %   18  % in urine. Unchanged @entity60184 in urine and feces accounted for 2.5  %   68  % of the administered dose, indicating a major role of metabolism in the elimination of @entity60184 . In conclusion, @entity60184 is rapidly absorbed and extensively metabolized, with subsequent excretion in urine and, more predominantly, in feces. Additionally, @entity60184 showed acceptable safety and preliminary antitumor activity.

title: Pharmacokinetics and excretion of (14)C-lenvatinib in XXXX with advanced solid @entity5 or lymphomas.

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity60184 :: ('MESH:C531958', 'Chemical') :: ['Lenvatinib', 'lenvatinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: An outbreak of @entity6192 occurred in the city of Sverdlovsk in Russia in the spring of 1979. The outbreak was due to the inhalation of spores that were accidentally released from a military microbiology facility. In response to the outbreak a public health intervention was mounted that included distribution of antibiotics and vaccine. The objective of this paper is to develop and apply statistical methodology to analyse the Sverdlovsk outbreak, and in particular to estimate the incubation period of inhalational @entity6192 and the number of @entity204 that may have been prevented by the public health intervention. The data available for analysis from this common source epidemic are the incubation periods of reported @entity204 . The statistical problem is that incubation periods are truncated because some individuals may have had their @entity204 prevented by the public health interventions and thus are not included in the data. However, it is not known how many @entity1 received the intervention or how efficacious was the intervention. A likelihood function is formulated that accounts for the effects of truncation. The likelihood is decomposed into a binomial likelihood with unknown sample size and a conditional likelihood for the incubation periods. The methods are extended to allow for a phase-in of the intervention over time. Assuming a lognormal model for the incubation period distribution, the median and mean incubation periods were estimated to be 11.0 and 14.2 days respectively. These estimates are longer than have been previously reported in the literature. The death toll from the Sverdlovsk @entity6192 outbreak could have been about 14% larger had there not been a public health intervention; however, the confidence intervals are wide (95% CI 0-61%). The sensitivity of the results to model assumptions and the parametric model for the incubation period distribution are investigated. The results are useful for determining how long antibiotic therapy should be continued in suspected @entity6192 cases and also for estimating the ultimate number of @entity204 in a new outbreak in the absence of any public health interventions.

title: The statistical analysis of truncated data: application to the Sverdlovsk XXXX outbreak.

answer: @entity6192 :: (1392,Species) :: ['anthrax']


abstract: The dose to the intracerebroventricularly administered (i.c.v.) @entity116 toxin (Tetx) evoking the death of 50% of experimental @entity19 (LD50) was estimated to be 18.0 (11.5-28.2) times the @entity1987 ( @entity1987 ). @entity1987 is defined as the lowest does of Tetx necessary to kill a 20-g albino @entity19 within 96 h after intraperitoneal treatment. Tetx (0.25 and 0.5 LD50) increased the @entity410 threshold of electric current from 24 to 96 and 120 h, respectively, following i.c.v. administration. Both doses of Tetx diminished convulsant potencies of @entity5093 , @entity1027 , @entity3416 and @entity2134 24 h after application. At the same time Tetx (0.5 LD50) increased the protection afforded by @entity2049 , @entity1092 , @entity109 and @entity3175 in maximal electroshock (MES) by approximately 36, 11, 21 and 26%, respectively, without affecting total blood plasma levels of antiepileptic drugs. No marked changes in @entity1246 ( @entity1246 ) concentration and total activity of @entity4650 decarboxylase (GAD) assessed in the whole-brain homogenates resulted from Tetx treatment. Our results seem to indicate that low doses (< LD50) of i.c.v. administered Tetx may lead to a relative prevalence of inhibitory over excitatory processes in the central nervous system suggesting a complex action of Tetx at the neuronal level.

title: Influence of intracerebroventricular administration of @entity116 toxin on experimental @entity410 and protection afforded by some antiepileptic drugs in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsive']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['MLD', 'minimal lethal dose']

entities_list: @entity3416 :: ('MESH:D000628', 'Chemical') :: ['aminophylline']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity1027 :: ('MESH:D001640', 'Chemical') :: ['bicuculline']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity4650 :: ('CHEBI:16015', 'Chemical') :: ['L-glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity5093 :: ('MESH:D010433', 'Chemical') :: ['pentylenetetrazole']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity4854 at the time of @entity385 is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Animal studies suggest that @entity1188 expansion may be responsible. The influence of persisting @entity4854 after @entity64 has not previously been examined. We measured the blood @entity413 profile after acute @entity385 and correlated it with @entity1188 volume changes using T2- and diffusion-weighted MRI. METHODS: We recruited 25 subjects within 24 hours of @entity385 . Continuous @entity413 monitoring was performed with a @entity413 monitoring device (CGMS), and 4-hour capillary @entity413 levels ( @entity31288 ) were measured for 72 hours after admission. MRI and clinical assessments were performed at acute (median, 15 hours), subacute (median, 5 days), and outcome (median, 85 days) time points. RESULTS: Mean CGMS @entity413 and mean @entity31288 @entity413 correlated with @entity1188 volume change between acute and subacute diffusion-weighted MRI (r>or=0.60, P<0.01), acute and outcome MRI (r=0.56, P=0.01), outcome National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS; r>or=0.53, P<0.02), and outcome modified Rankin Scale (mRS; r>or=0.53, P=0.02). Acute and final @entity1188 volume change and outcome NIHSS and mRS were significantly higher in @entity1 with mean CGMS or mean @entity31288 @entity413 >or=7 mmol/L. Multiple regression analysis indicated that both mean CGMS and @entity31288 @entity413 levels >or=7 mmol/L were independently associated with increased final @entity1188 volume change. CONCLUSIONS: Persistent @entity4854 on serial @entity413 monitoring is an independent determinant of @entity1188 expansion and is associated with worse functional outcome. There is an urgent need to study normalization of blood @entity413 after @entity64 .

title: Persistent poststroke XXXX is independently associated with @entity1188 expansion and worse clinical outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'Hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke symptoms', 'ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['hyperglycemia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to assess the kind of @entity854 that are present in @entity1 with @entity2383 ( @entity2383 ) and the frequency of their occurrence. METHODS: The blood cell counts of a cohort of @entity1 with @entity2383 were retrospectively reviewed. @entity2383 were classified as 'definite', 'probable' or 'possible' according to clinical presentation, instrumental findings, immunohistological findings on muscle biopsy, biochemical abnormalities of the respiratory chain and/or the results of genetic studies. @entity1 who had medical conditions other than MID that account for the @entity854 were excluded. RESULTS: A total of 46 @entity1 ('definite' = 5; 'probable' = 9; 'possible' = 32) had @entity854 attributable to @entity2383 . The most frequent @entity854 in @entity1 with @entity2383 was @entity417 . 27 @entity1 had @entity417 as their sole haematological problem. @entity417 was associated with @entity882 (n = 4), @entity1148 (n = 2), @entity1210 (n = 2), and @entity1712 (n = 1). @entity417 was @entity24194 and normocytic in 27 @entity1 , @entity24194 and microcytic in six @entity1 , hyperchromic and macrocytic in two @entity1 , and normochromic and microcytic in one @entity1 . Among the 46 @entity1 with a mitochondrial @entity854 , 78.3% had @entity417 , 13.0% had @entity882 , 8.7% had @entity1210 and 8.7% had @entity1712 , alone or in combination with other @entity854 . CONCLUSION: MID should be considered if a @entity1 's abnormal blood cell counts (particularly those associated with @entity417 , @entity882 , @entity1210 or @entity1712 ) cannot be explained by established causes. Abnormal blood cell counts may be the sole manifestation of MID or a collateral feature of a multisystem problem.

title: XXXX in @entity2383 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['anaemia', 'Anaemia']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombopenia']

entities_list: @entity24194 :: ('MESH:D000747', 'Disease') :: ['hypochromic']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['haematological abnormality', 'haematological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['syndromic and non-syndromic MIDs', 'MIDs', 'mitochondrial disorders']

answer: @entity854 :: (MESH:D018376,Disease) :: ['Haematological abnormalities']


abstract: @entity10189 is topic of guidelines in developed countries. In South area, without consensus conference, physicians' attitude towards this disease is varied. So, we aimed to describe therapeutic decisions of physicians in Dakar, regarding literature and the role of @entity1534 in gastro-intestinal diseases. From 2001 december first to 2002 January 31, a survey was made in a sample of 171 physicians in Dakar with a questionnaire. All generalists, internists and gastroenterologists working in public or private health places of Dakar were concerned. The rate of responses was 68%. 65.5% of physicians had not read guidelines about @entity10189 and @entity1534 but 89% of them had read articles on these topics. Most of the physicians (76%) ordered systematically or mainly treatment to eradicate @entity1534 . 95% of them did not require proof of infection before treatment. Association of gastric antisecretory drug with @entity115 and @entity868 was mostly used (77.5%). Double dose of antisecretory drug was prescribed by 51.5% of physicians. For 40.5% of them, the duration of treatment was 7 days while 53.5% prolonged duration to 10 or 14 days. Complementary antisecretory drug was systematic for most of physicians (83.5%). These multiple therapeutic options, sometimes not in accordance with recommandations, militate in favour of more intensive participation of Dakar physicians to scientific meetings, in order to rationalize their therapeutic attitude towards @entity10189 and take into account local data.

title: [Dakar physicians' therapeutic attitude towards non complicated XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['peptic ulcer disease', 'Peptic ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

answer: @entity10189 :: (MESH:D010437,Disease) :: ['peptic ulcer disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Terminal @entity548 is a rare but devastating event that may occur in certain advanced @entity5 . The focus of management involves administration of 'crisis medicine' with the intention of relieving @entity1 distress through sedative doses of anxiolytics or opioids. This practice, whilst widely accepted, is based on limited evidence and has never been formally evaluated. AIM: To evaluate the utility of crisis medication in the management of terminal @entity548 , through the experiences of nurses who had personally managed such events. METHOD: Semi-structured interviews exploring the experiences of palliative care and head and neck oncology nurses were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Saturation of themes occurred after interviewing 11 nurses with cumulative experience of managing 37 terminal @entity548 . RESULTS: @entity1 reported crisis medication to have little, if any, role in the management of terminal @entity548 , which was such a rapid event that @entity1 died before it could be administered. As many events had not been predicted, anticipatory prescribing of crisis medication did not always occur. Staying with and supporting the @entity1 , and using dark-coloured towels to camouflage blood were reported to be of more practical use. A focus on accessing crisis medicines had often been to the detriment of these simple yet beneficial measures. CONCLUSION: Anticipatory prescribing of crisis medication rarely benefits the @entity1 and may unintentionally detract from nursing care. Guidelines on the management of terminal @entity548 should reconsider the emphasis on crisis medication and focus on non-pharmacological approaches to this invariably fatal event.

title: The use of crisis medication in the management of terminal XXXX due to incurable @entity5 : a qualitative study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage', 'haemorrhages']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['haemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: fMRI graph theory reveals resting-state brain networks, but has never been used in pediatric @entity3119 . METHODS: Whole-brain resting-state fMRI was acquired at 3T from 21 @entity1 with @entity3119 and 20 age-matched healthy controls. BOLD connectivity was analyzed yielding global and local graph-theory metrics across 100 @entity1 -based functional nodes. We also compared local metrics between groups in frontopolar, supplementary motor, and sensorimotor cortices, regions implicated in recent neuroimaging and/or brain stimulation treatment studies in @entity3119 . RESULTS: As in adults, the global metric small-worldness was significantly (P<0.05) lower in @entity1 than controls, by 13.5% (%mean difference=100%X( @entity3119 mean - control mean)/control mean). This suggests less efficient information transfer in @entity1 . In addition, modularity was lower in @entity3119 (15.1%, P<0.01), suggesting less granular  - or differently organized  - functional brain parcellation. Higher clustering coefficients (23.9-32.4%, P<0.05) were observed in @entity1 in frontopolar, supplementary motor, sensorimotor, and cortices with lower betweenness centrality (-63.6%, P<0.01) at one frontopolar site. These findings are consistent with more locally intensive connectivity or less interaction with other brain regions at these sites. LIMITATIONS: Relatively large node size; relatively small sample size, comorbidities in some @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric @entity3119 @entity1 demonstrate aberrant global and local resting-state network connectivity topologies compared to healthy @entity1 . Local results accord with recent views of @entity3119 as a disorder with sensorimotor component.

title: Graph-theoretical analysis of resting-state fMRI in pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'patients', 'children']

answer: @entity3119 :: (MESH:D009771,Disease) :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder']


abstract: The present study was undertaken to determine whether an analysis of the collected worms after chemotherapy with @entity12471 could be used as a method measuring the amount of reinfection of @entity9124 in a given population. A total of 398 cases from two villages and one primary school were treated with @entity12471 with dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight. The whole two-day stool specimens after treatment were examined. Out of 279 followed cases, 110 cases (39.4%) were found infected with A. lumbricoides. A total of 527 worms were collected, they were in the range of 1.2 to 32.5 cm in length and 0.0004 to 7.424 gm in weight. The measurements were made on the specimens fixed with 10% @entity406 . The relationship between the number of worms per positive case(X) and the total weight of worms(Y) showed the positive linear regression; this was expressed by the equation, Y= 2.012X + 1.135 (Sy=4.84, r=0.92). From the above results, it seems that worms of small size may not be considered as a product of crowding effect in heavy infections. The relation between the weight(Y) and length(X) of collected A. lumbricoides was expressed as an equation, Log(e)Y=3.032 log(e)X-8.2903(S.E. of reg. coeff.= 0.040, r=0.957). In the intestinal phase of development, the first increase of the length of the worm, up to 10~12 cm was observed and this followed by the well marked increase of weight from 13 cm upto 32.5 cm in the sexually maturing phase. A total of 285 schoolchildren were treated by @entity12471 , 10 mg/kg of body weight three times each in two months interval. After the second and third treatment, thirteen and fifty-four worms were collected respectively. They were measured in length and weight and were all in the range of 1.2 to 13.2 cm in length and 0.0006 to 0.436 gm in weight except 3 fully matured adults. It is assumed that these young worms, defined as those less than 0.5 gm in weight and less than 13 cm in length should be regarded as those having reinfected during the previous two months period. From this observation, it was possible to calculate the reinfected number of young worms. Therefore, it is suggested that the average number of Ascaris per month per @entity1 means the reinfection amount in a certain period of time in an endemic area of A. lumbricoides. In other words, reinfection amount may be expressed by the calculated figure of young worms reinfected in a certain period of time in a population.

title: Study on the quantitative evaluation of reinfection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9124 :: ('6252', 'Species') :: ['Ascaris lumbricoides']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity12471 :: ('MESH:D011716', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrantel pamoate']

answer: @entity9124 :: (6252,Species) :: ['Ascaris lumbricoides']