query: The Hidden Image of the City: Sensing Community Well-Being from Urban Mobility

positive: Urban computing with taxicabs Urban computing for city planning is one of the most significant applications in Ubiquitous computing. In this paper we detect flawed urban planning using the GPS trajectories of taxicabs traveling in urban areas. The detected results consist of 1) pairs of regions with salient traffic problems and 2) the linking structure as well as correlation among them. These results can evaluate the effectiveness of the carried out planning, such as a newly built road and subway lines in a city, and remind city planners of a problem that has not been recognized when they conceive future plans. We conduct our method using the trajectories generated by 30,000 taxis from March to May in 2009 and 2010 in Beijing, and evaluate our results with the real urban planning of Beijing.

positive:
EmotionSense: a mobile phones based adaptive platform for experimental social psychology research Today's mobile phones represent a rich and powerful computing platform, given their sensing, processing and communication capabilities. Phones are also part of the everyday life of billions of people, and therefore represent an exceptionally suitable tool for conducting social and psychological experiments in an unobtrusive way.
 de the ability of sensing individual emotions as well as activities, verbal and proximity interactions among members of social groups. Moreover, the system is programmable by means of a declarative language that can be used to express adaptive rules to improve power saving. We evaluate a system prototype on Nokia Symbian phones by means of several small-scale experiments aimed at testing performance in terms of accuracy and power consumption. Finally, we present the results of real deployment where we study participants emotions and interactions. We cross-validate our measurements with the results obtained through questionnaires filled by the users, and the results presented in social psychological studies using traditional methods. In particular, we show how speakers and participants' emotions can be automatically detected by means of classifiers running locally on off-the-shelf mobile phones, and how speaking and interactions can be correlated with activity and location measures.

positive: Network diversity and economic development. Social networks form the backbone of social and economic life. Until recently, however, data have not been available to study the social impact of a national network structure. To that end, we combined the most complete record of a national communication network with national census data on the socioeconomic well-being of communities. These data make possible a population-level investigation of the relation between the structure of social networks and access to socioeconomic opportunity. We find that the diversity of individuals' relationships is strongly correlated with the economic development of communities.

positive: Tracking "gross community happiness" from tweets Policy makers are calling for new socio-economic measures that reflect subjective well-being, to complement traditional measures of material welfare as the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Self-reporting has been found to be reasonably accurate in measuring one's well-being and conveniently tallies with sentiment expressed on social media (e.g., those satisfied with life use more positive than negative words in their Facebook status updates). Social media content can thus be used to track well-being of individuals. A question left unexplored is whether such content can be used to track well-being of entire physical communities as well. To this end, we consider Twitter users based in a variety of London census communities, and study the relationship between sentiment expressed in tweets and community socio-economic well-being. We find that the two are highly correlated: the higher the normalized sentiment score of a community's tweets, the higher the community's socio-economic well-being. This suggests that monitoring tweets is an effective way of tracking community well-being too.

positive: Modeling Dominance in Group Conversations Using Nonverbal Activity Cues Dominance - a behavioral expression of power - is a fundamental mechanism of social interaction, expressed and perceived in conversations through spoken words and audiovisual nonverbal cues. The automatic modeling of dominance patterns from sensor data represents a relevant problem in social computing. In this paper, we present a systematic study on dominance modeling in group meetings from fully automatic nonverbal activity cues, in a multi-camera, multi-microphone setting. We investigate efficient audio and visual activity cues for the characterization of dominant behavior, analyzing single and joint modalities. Unsupervised and supervised approaches for dominance modeling are also investigated. Activity cues and models are objectively evaluated on a set of dominance-related classification tasks, derived from an analysis of the variability of human judgment of perceived dominance in group discussions. Our investigation highlights the power of relatively simple yet efficient approaches and the challenges of audiovisual integration. This constitutes the most detailed study on automatic dominance modeling in meetings to date.

negative: Rule-Based Neural Networks for Classification and Probability Estimation In this paper we propose a network architecture that combines a rule-based approach with that of the neural network paradigm. Our primary motivation for this is to ensure that the knowledge embodied in the network is explicitly encoded in the form of understandable rules. This enables the network's decision to be understood, and provides an audit trail of how that decision was arrived at. We utilize an information theoretic approach to learning a model of the domain knowledge from examples. This model takes the form of a set of probabilistic conjunctive rules between discrete input evidence variables and output class variables. These rules are then mapped onto the weights and nodes of a feedforward neural network resulting in a directly specified architecture. The network acts as parallel Bayesian classifier, but more importantly, can also output posterior probability estimates of the class variables. Empirical tests on a number of data sets show that the rule-based classifier performs comparably with standard neural network classifiers, while possessing unique advantages in terms of knowledge representation and probability estimation.

negative: Wind Speed and Rotor Position Sensorless Control for Direct-Drive PMG Wind Turbines This paper proposes a wind speed and rotor position sensorless control for wind turbines directly driving permanent magnetic generators (PMGs). A sliding-mode observer is designed to estimate the rotor position of the PMG by using the measured stator currents and the commanded stator voltages obtained from the control scheme of the machine-side converter of the PMG wind turbine. The rotor speed of the PMG (i.e., the turbine shaft speed) is estimated from its back electromotive force using a model adaptive reference system observer. Based on the measured output electrical power and estimated rotor speed of the PMG, the mechanical power of the turbine is estimated by taking into account the power losses of the wind turbine generator system. A back-propagation artificial neural network is then designed to estimate the wind speed in real time by using the estimated turbine shaft speed and mechanical power. The estimated wind speed is used to determine the optimal shaft speed reference for the PMG control system. Finally, a sensorless control is developed for the PMG wind turbines to continuously generate the maximum electrical power without using any wind speed or rotor position sensors. The validity of the proposed estimation and control algorithms are shown by simulation studies on a 3-kW PMG wind turbine and are further demonstrated by experimental results on a 300-W practical PMG wind turbine.

negative: A Survey of Arabic Text Representation and Classification Methods In this paper we have presented a brief current state of the Art for Arabic text representation and classification methods. First we describe some algorithms applied to classification on Arabic text. Secondly, we cite all major works when comparing classification algorithms applied on Arabic text, after this, we mention some authors who proposing new classification methods and finally we investigate the impact of preprocessing on Arabic TC.

negative: DA-GAN: Instance-Level Image Translation by Deep Attention Generative Adversarial Networks Unsupervised image translation, which aims in translating two independent sets of images, is challenging in discovering the correct correspondences without paired data. Existing works build upon Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) such that the distribution of the translated images are indistinguishable from the distribution of the target set. However, such set-level constraints cannot learn the instance-level correspondences (e.g. aligned semantic parts in object transfiguration task). This limitation often results in false positives (e.g. geometric or semantic artifacts), and further leads to mode collapse problem. To address the above issues, we propose a novel framework for instance-level image translation by Deep Attention GAN (DA-GAN). Such a design enables DA-GAN to decompose the task of translating samples from two sets into translating instances in a highly-structured latent space. Specifically, we jointly learn a deep attention encoder, and the instance-level correspondences could be consequently discovered through attending on the learned instances. Therefore, the constraints could be exploited on both set-level and instance-level. Comparisons against several state-of-the-arts demonstrate the superiority of our approach, and the broad application capability, e.g, pose morphing, data augmentation, etc., pushes the margin of domain translation problem.1

negative: Cloud-Based Big Data Management and Analytics for Scholarly Resources: Current Trends, Challenges and Scope for Future Research With the shifting focus of organizations and governments towards digitization of academic and technical documents, there has been an increasing need to use this reserve of scholarly documents for developing applications that can facilitate and aid in better management of research. In addition to this, the evolving nature of research problems has made them essentially interdisciplinary. As a result, there is a growing need for scholarly applications like collaborator discovery, expert finding and research recommendation systems. This research paper reviews the current trends and identifies the challenges existing in the architecture, services and applications of big scholarly data platform with a specific focus on directions for future research.

negative: An effect analysis of industry 4.0 to higher education From history to the present day, especially in the field of technology is provided a wide range of developments. The most important of these developments has achieved the realization of the industrial revolution, has led to play a leading role in the production is done by human beings. The effects on production of industry 4.0 emerging with this mind is very important. The qualified employees should be trained to make the necessary preparations for the company in this period, it is experiencing the fourth industrial revolution. Therefore, the impacts on higher education of industry 4.0 are examined in this paper. The importance in education of industry 4.0 has revealed with statistical data presented in this study.

negative: Locating the fovea center position in digital fundus images using thresholding and feature extraction techniques A new methodology for detecting the fovea center position in digital retinal images is presented in this paper. A pixel is firstly searched for within the foveal region according to its known anatomical position relative to the optic disc and vascular tree. Then, this pixel is used to extract a fovea-containing subimage on which thresholding and feature extraction techniques are applied so as to find fovea center. The methodology was evaluated on 1200 fundus images from the publicly available MESSIDOR database, 660 of which present signs of diabetic retinopathy. In 93.92% of these images, the distance between the methodology-provided and actual fovea center position remained below 1/4 of one standard optic disc radius (i.e., 17, 26, and 27 pixels for MESSIDOR retinas of 910, 1380 and 1455 pixels in size, respectively). These results outperform all the reviewed methodologies available in literature. Its effectiveness and robustness with different illness conditions makes this proposal suitable for retinal image computer analyses such as automated screening for early diabetic retinopathy detection.

negative: Modular ATRON: modules for a self-reconfigurable robot This paper describes the mechanical and electrical design of a new lattice based self-reconfigurable robot, called the ATRON. The ATRON system consists of several fully self-contained robot modules, each having their own processing power, power supply, sensors and actuators. The ATRON modules are roughly spheres with equatorial rotation. Each module can be connected to up to eight neighbors through four male and four female connectors. In this paper, we describe the realization of the design, both the mechanics and the electronics. Details on power sharing and power consumption is given. Finally, this paper includes a brief outline of our future work on the ATRON system.

negative: A performance comparison of polar codes and Reed-Muller codes Polar coding is a code construction method that can be used to construct capacity-achieving codes for binary-input channels with certain symmetries. Polar coding may be considered as a generalization of Reed-Muller (RM) coding. Here, we demonstrate the performance advantages of polar codes over RM codes under belief-propagation decoding.

negative: Consumer Intention to Shop Online : B 2 C E-Commerce in Developing Countries The development of dot com companies in 90s opened a new door of sales and revenue generation for the businesses world wide. The number of online shoppers increased dramatically within a very short span of time. While some people found it a convenient and sophisticated way of shopping, others remained reluctant to adopt this medium. Different factors are considered responsible for this variation in online behavior. Most of the researches on this topic are conducted in the developed countries so there is a need to study the phenomenon from the developing countries perspective. Based on existing literature on the topic a research model was developed which was further tested by means of a survey.

negative: Coordinated Charging of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles to Minimize Distribution System Losses As the number of plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs) increases, so might the impacts on the power system performance, such as overloading, reduced efficiency, power quality, and voltage regulation particularly at the distribution level. Coordinated charging of PHEVs is a possible solution to these problems. In this work, the relationship between feeder losses, load factor, and load variance is explored in the context of coordinated PHEV charging. From these relationships, three optimal charging algorithms are developed which minimize the impacts of PHEV charging on the connected distribution system. The application of the algorithms to two test systems verifies these relationships approximately hold independent of system topology. They also show the additional benefits of reduced computation time and problem convexity when using load factor or load variance as the objective function rather than system losses. This is important for real-time dispatching of PHEVs.

negative: Analysis of PWM nonlinearity in non-inverting buck-boost power converters This paper focuses on the non-inverting buck- boost converter operated as either buck or boost converter. It is shown that a pulse-width modulation (PWM) discontinuity around buck/boost mode transition can result in substantial increases in output voltage ripple. The effect of the PWM nonlinearity is studied using periodic steady state analysis to quantify the worst case ripple voltage in terms of design parameters. Furthermore, a bifurcation analysis shows that the PWM discontinuity leads to quasi- periodic route to chaos, which results in erratic operation around the buck/boost mode transition. The increased ripple is a very significant problem when the converter is used as a power supply for an RF power amplifier, as is the case in WCDMA handsets. An approach is proposed to remove the discontinuity which results in reduced output voltage ripple, at the expense of reduced efficiency, as demonstrated on an experimental prototype.

negative: A cortical–hippocampal system for declarative memory Recent neurobiological studies have begun to reveal the cognitive and neural coding mechanisms that underlie declarative memory — our ability to recollect everyday events and factual knowledge. These studies indicate that the critical circuitry involves bidirectional connections between the neocortex, the parahippocampal region and the hippocampus. Each of these areas makes a unique contribution to memory processing. Widespread high-order neocortical areas provide dedicated processors for perceptual, motor or cognitive information that is influenced by other components of the system. The parahippocampal region mediates convergence of this information and extends the persistence of neocortical memory representations. The hippocampus encodes the sequences of places and events that compose episodic memories, and links them together through their common elements. Here I describe how these mechanisms work together to create and re-create fully networked representations of previous experiences and knowledge about the world.

negative: Plans and resource-bounded practical reasoning An architecture for a rational agent must allow for means end reason ing for the weighing of competing alternatives and for interactions between these two forms of reasoning Such an architecture must also address the problem of resource boundedness We sketch a solution of the rst problem that points the way to a solution of the second In particular we present a high level speci cation of the practical reasoning component of an archi tecture for a resource bounded rational agent In this architecture a major role of the agent s plans is to constrain the amount of further practical reasoning she must perform Bratman Israel and Pollack

negative: A survey of autonomic communications Autonomic communications seek to improve the ability of network and services to cope with unpredicted change, including changes in topology, load, task, the physical and logical characteristics of the networks that can be accessed, and so forth. Broad-ranging autonomic solutions require designers to account for a range of end-to-end issues affecting programming models, network and contextual modeling and reasoning, decentralised algorithms, trust acquisition and maintenance---issues whose solutions may draw on approaches and results from a surprisingly broad range of disciplines. We survey the current state of autonomic communications research and identify significant emerging trends and techniques.

negative: Design of Hybrid Excited Synchronous Machine for Electrical Vehicles This paper deals with the optimal design of a new synchronous motor particularly suitable for electric vehicles. The unique advantage of this motor is its possibility to realize field weakening at high speeds, which is the most important demand for such drives. The main design goal is to identify the dimensions of certain crucial regions of the machine in order to avoid saturation of the iron and to minimize the mass to volume ratio, while simultaneously maximizing the torque. The originality of the contribution is manifold: formulating the design problem in multiobjective terms, solving it by means of evolutionary computing, solving the associated direct problem based on a three-dimensional finite element analysis (3-D-FEA) field model, considering a reduced set of design variables by means of response surface method, referring to a real-life problem.

negative: Criteria-Based Requirements Prioritization for Software Product Management Meeting stakeholders requirements and expectations becomes one of the critical aspects on which any software organization in market-driven environment focus on, and pays a lot of efforts and expenses to maximize the satisfaction of their stakeholders. Therefore identifying the software product release contents becomes one of the critical decisions for software product success. Requirements prioritization refers to that activity through which product releases contents that maximize stakeholder satisfaction can be identified. This makes it one of the most important component of software requirement decision support in incremental software development [8]. This paper illustrates the Criteria-Based requirement prioritization approach for software product management. The technique proposed on this paper designed based on the Hierarchical Cumulative Voting (HCV) and Value-Oriented Prioritization (VOP) techniques. The proposed technique, Value-Oriented HCV (VOHCV) can select the best candidate requirements for each release based on the stakeholders input values for each requirement. These values reflect the importance of each requirement in terms of associated anticipated cost, technical risk, relative impact, market-related aspects and perceived value to the stakeholder. The VOHCV inherits the strengths of the HCV and VOP techniques. It also provides a mechanism that takes different stakeholders’ aspects into account while selecting the best candidate release requirement, to maximize stakeholders’ value and satisfaction [11].

negative: A Novel Transient Wrinkle Detection Algorithm and Its Application for Expression Synthesis Because facial wrinkle is a representative feature of facial expression, automatic wrinkle detection has been an important and challenging topic for expression simulation, recognition, and animation. Recently, most works about wrinkle detection have focused on permanent wrinkles (e.g., age wrinkles), which are usually linear shapes, whereas the detection of transient wrinkles (e.g., expression wrinkles) has not been sufficiently studied because of their shape diversity and complexity. In this work, a novel algorithm for automatic detection of transient wrinkles with linear, fixed, and chaotic shapes is proposed, which largely consists of edge pair matching, active-appearance-model-based wrinkle structure location, and support-vector-machine-based wrinkle classification. The proposed wrinkle detector is applied for expression synthesis and an improved Poisson wrinkle mapping approach is proposed. Experimental results illustrate the competitiveness of the proposed wrinkle detector in detecting different transient wrinkles. Compared with state-of-the-art algorithms, the proposed approach yields complete and accurate wrinkle centers. The expression synthesized by the improved wrinkle mapping is also much more realistic.

negative: A survey on algorithms of hole filling in 3D surface reconstruction The surface reconstruction of 3D objects has attracted more and more attention for its widespread application in many areas, such as computer science, cultural heritage restoration, medical facilities, entertainment. However, due to occlusion, reflectance, the scanning angle, raw data preprocessing, it is inevitable to lose some point data, which leads to holes in the reconstruction surface, making it undesirable for various applications. Therefore, methods for filling holes in the process of surface reconstruction are critical to the final results of reconstruction. This paper makes a survey of existing well-known hole-filling algorithms, classifies the algorithms into two main categories, analyzes and compares these algorithms from the viewpoints of theories and experimental results to make a clear introduction of their performance. At the end, the paper points out the possible development direction of hole filling in the future and hopes to be a good guide for other researchers.

negative: Experiential Design of Shared Information Spaces 5.

negative: Generative Adversarial Examples Adversarial examples are typically constructed by perturbing an existing data point, and current defense methods are focused on guarding against this type of attack. In this paper, we propose a new class of adversarial examples that are synthesized entirely from scratch using a conditional generative model. We first train an Auxiliary Classifier Generative Adversarial Network (AC-GAN) to model the class-conditional distribution over inputs. Then, conditioned on a desired class, we search over the AC-GAN latent space to find images that are likely under the generative model and are misclassified by a target classifier. We demonstrate through human evaluation that this new kind of adversarial inputs, which we call Generative Adversarial Examples, are legitimate and belong to the desired class. Our empirical results on the MNIST, SVHN, and CelebA datasets show that generative adversarial examples can easily bypass strong adversarial training and certified defense methods which can foil existing adversarial attacks.

negative: ORCHID : Thai Part-Of-Speech Tagged Corpus This paper presents a procedure in building a Thai part-of-speech (POS) tagged corpus named ORCHID [1]. It is a collaboration project between Communications Research Laboratory (CRL) of Japan and National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC) of Thailand. We proposed a new tagset based on the previous research on Thai parts-of-speech for using in a multi-lingual machine translation project. We marked the corpus in three levels:paragraph, sentence and word. The corpus keeps text information in text information line and numbering line which are necessary in retrieving process. Since there are no explicit word/sentence boundary, punctuation and inflection in Thai text, we have to separate a paragraph into sentences before tagging the POS. We applied a probabili stic trigram model for simultaneously word segmenting and POS tagging. Rule for syllable construction is additionally used to reduce the number of candidates for computing the probabili ty. The problems in POS assignment are formalized to reduce the ambiguity occurring in case of the similar POSs.

negative: Low- and high-anxious hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome patients: comparison of psychosocial and health variables Despite the frequent co-ocurrence of hypermobile Ehler–Danlos syndrome (hEDS) and pathological anxiety, little is known about the psychosocial and health implications of such comorbidity. Our aim was to explore the association between high levels of anxiety and psychosocial (catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, somatosensory amplification, social support and functioning), health (pain, fatigue, BMI, tobacco/alcohol use, depression, diagnosis delay, general health), and sociodemographic factors in people with hEDS. In this cross-sectional study, 80 hEDS patients were divided into two groups according to self-reported anxiety levels: low and high. Psychosocial, sociodemographic and health variables were compared between the groups. Forty-one participants reported a high level of anxiety (51.2%). No differences were found in the sociodemographic variables between high-anxious and low-anxious patients. The percentage of participants with severe fatigue and high depressive symptomatology was significantly higher in the high-anxious group (80.5 vs 56.4; 26.8 vs 12.8%, respectively). High-anxious hEDS patients also showed significantly higher levels of pain catastrophizing, somatosensory amplification as well as a poorer social functioning and general health. Multivariate analyses showed that somatosensory amplification, pain catastrophizing and poor social functioning are variables that increase the probability of belonging to the high-anxious group. Despite limitations, this first study comparing high-anxious versus low-anxious hEDS patients with respect to health aspects, highlight the importance of considering the psychosocial factors (many susceptible to modification), to improve the adjustment to this chronic condition and provide support to those affected through a biopsychosocial approach.

negative: Combining multispectral aerial imagery and digital surface models to extract urban buildings This paper presents an automated classification of buildings in Coleraine, Northern Ireland. The classification was generated using very high spatial resolution data (10 cm) from a Digital Mapping Camera (DMC) for March 2009. The visible to near infrared (VNIR) bands of the DMC enabled a supervised classification to be performed to extract buildings from vegetation. A Digital Surface Model (DSM) was also created from the image to differentiate between buildings and other land classes with similar spectral profiles, such as roads. The supervised classification had the lowest classification accuracy (50%) while the DSM had an accuracy of 81%. The combination of the DSM and the supervised classification achieved an overall classification accuracy of 95%. Two spatial metrics (percentage of the landscape and number of patches) were also used to test the level of agreement between the classification and digitised building data. The results suggest that fine resolution multispectral aerial imagery can automatically detect buildings to a very high level of accuracy. Current space borne sensors, such as IKONOS and QuickBird, lag behind airborne sensors with VNIR bands provided at a much coarser spatial resolution (4m and 2.4m respectively). Techniques must be developed from current airborne sensors that can be applied to new space borne sensors in the future. The ability to generate DSMs from high resolution aerial imagery will afford new insights into the three-dimensional aspects of urban areas which will in turn inform future urban planning. (Received 19th August 2010; Revised 26th January 2011; Accepted 9th February 2011) ISSN 1744-5647 doi:10.4113/jom.2011.1152 51 Journal of Maps, 2011, 51-59 McNally, A.J.D. & McKenzie, S.J.P.

negative: Suffocation using plastic bags: a retrospective study of suicides in Ontario, Canada. One hundred and ten cases of suicidal suffocation using a plastic bag were identified in the files of the Office of the Chief Coroner of Ontario, Canada, between 1993 and 1997. The records were reviewed to determine the demographic characteristics of this group compared with all cases of suicide in Ontario, the scene information, autopsy findings and toxicology results. Most suicides occurred in people over 60 years of age, with older women making up a considerable proportion of cases as compared with other methods of suicide. In 40% of cases the deceased was suffering from a serious illness. Autopsy findings were usually minimal, with facial, conjunctival and visceral petechiae present in a minority of cases. One or more drugs were detected in the blood in 92.6% of cases where toxicologic testing was performed. Benzodiazepines, diphenhydramine and antidepressants were the most common drugs found, with diphenhydramine the most common drug present at an elevated concentration. Information at the scene from "right to die" societies was uncommon. One quarter of decedents took additional measures, besides the use of drugs or alcohol, to ensure the rapidity, certainty or comfort of their death. This study further elucidates the characteristics of this uncommon method of suicide. It emphasizes additional scene findings, such as the presence of dust masks, physical restraints and modification of the plastic bag that may be of use to death investigators in determining the correct manner of death.

negative: Interactive example-based urban layout synthesis We present an interactive system for synthesizing urban layouts by example. Our method simultaneously performs both a structure-based synthesis and an image-based synthesis to generate a complete urban layout with a plausible street network and with aerial-view imagery. Our approach uses the structure and image data of real-world urban areas and a synthesis algorithm to provide several high-level operations to easily and interactively generate complex layouts by example. The user can create new urban layouts by a sequence of operations such as join, expand, and blend without being concerned about low-level structural details. Further, the ability to blend example urban layout fragments provides a powerful way to generate new synthetic content. We demonstrate our system by creating urban layouts using example fragments from several real-world cities, each ranging from hundreds to thousands of city blocks and parcels.

negative: Procedural Generation of Parcels in Urban Modeling We present a method for interactive procedural generation of parcels within the urban modeling pipeline. Our approach performs a partitioning of the interior of city blocks using user-specified subdivision attributes and style parameters. Moreover, our method is both robust and persistent in the sense of being able to map individual parcels from before an edit operation to after an edit operation this enables transferring most, if not all, customizations despite small to large-scale interactive editing operations. The guidelines guarantee that the resulting subdivisions are functionally and geometrically plausible for subsequent building modeling and construction. Our results include visual and statistical comparisons that demonstrate how the parcel configurations created by our method can closely resemble those found in real-world cities of a large variety of styles. By directly addressing the block subdivision problem, we intend to increase the editability and realism of the urban modeling pipeline and to become a standard in parcel generation for future urban modeling methods.

negative: Simulating Urban Growth Using the SLEUTH Model in a Coastal Peri-Urban District in China China’s southeast coastal areas have witnessed rapid growth in the last two decades, owing mostly to their economic and social attractions. In this paper, we chose Jimei, a coastal peri-urban district of Xiamen city on the southeast coast of China, as a study area to explore the district’s growth dynamics, to predict future sprawl during the next decade and to provide a basis for urban planning. The SLEUTH urban growth model was calibrated against historical data derived from a series of Landsat TM 5 satellite images taken between 1992 and 2007. A Lee-Sallee value of 0.48 was calculated for the district, which is a satisfactory result compared with related studies. Five coefficients of urban growth, diffusion, spread, breed, slope resistance and road gravity had values of 25, 68, 86, 24 and 23, respectively, in 2007. The growth coefficients (i.e., urban character) can capture urban growth characteristics in Jimei district. The urban DNA revealed that, over the study period, urban growth in the district was dominated both by urbanization through establishment of new urban centers, and by expansion outward from existing urban centers. In contrast to interior cities, in which expansions are dramatically shaped by actual road patterns, urban expansion in the district was likely constrained by the nearby coastline. Future urban growth patterns were predicted to 2020 assuming three different development scenarios. The first scenario simulated a continuation of historical urban growth without changing current conditions. The second scenario projected managed growth in which OPEN ACCESS Sustainability 2014, 6 3900 urban growth is limited by a layer with areas excluded from urbanization, which is the future development plan for Jimei district and Xiamen city. The third scenario depicted a growth with maximum protection in which growth was allowed to continue, similar to the second scenario, but with lower diffusion and spread coefficients applied to the growth pattern. The third scenario demonstrated that valuable land could be saved, which is the most desirable outcome for Jimei urban development. The study showed that SLEUTH can be an extremely useful tool for coastal city managers to explore the likely outcomes of their city development plans.

negative: THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL EXTENSION OF SPACE SYNTAX 048 The purpose of this study is to develop a new space syntax technique by adding third dimension in analysis of urban structure that is important to understand the formation of the cities. The theoretical framework of the study is put forward by integrating space syntax with the theory of the image of city. This entails the essential elucidation of spatial cognition pattern and image and the integration of space syntax and the image of city. The paper analyzes and demonstrates the prerequisite and feasibility of the mutual complementarily between space syntax and the image of city. The threedimensional space syntax integrated with the image of city is different from the traditional syntax that is only limited to non-figurative two-dimensional spatial cognition. It also emphasizes the important influences of the three-dimensional image points on people's behaviour in space and it is quite close to the accurate description of “natural movement”. Based on the three-dimensional theory, a concept model of the threedimensional syntax is constructed, and its content includes how to describe forming process of the three-dimensional spatial image pots during the cognition activity, how to construct the objective evaluation model for the three-dimensional image pots and how to put forward the concept of weighted-integration to calculate the concept mathematical model. In the end, the paper carries through three experimental analyses. The paper argues that the extended three-dimensional syntactical model is much closer to people's spatial illation and cognition. It should be more accurate to use the model to describe and grasp the urban configuration.

negative: METRIC AND TOPO-GEOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF URBAN STREET NETWORKS : some convergences , divergences , and new results The theory of cities, which has grown out of the use of space syntax techniques in urban studies, proposes a curious mathematical duality: that urban space is locally metric but globally topo-geometric. Evidence for local metricity comes from such generic phenomena as grid intensification to reduce mean trip lengths in live centres, the fall of movement from attractors with metric distance, and the commonly observed decay of shopping with metric distance from an intersection. Evidence for global topo-geometry come from the fact that we need to utilise both the geometry and connectedness of the larger scale space network to arrive at configurational measures which optimally approximate movement patterns in the urban network. It might be conjectured that there is some threshold above which human being use some geometrical and topological representation of the urban grid rather than the sense of bodily distance to making movement decisions, but this is unknown. The discarding of metric properties in the large scale urban grid has, however, been controversial. Here we cast a new light on this duality. We show first some phenomena in which metric and topo-geometric measures of urban space converge and diverge, and in doing so clarify the relation between the metric and topo-geometric properties of urban spatial networks. We then show how metric measures can be used to create a new urban phenomenon: the partitioning of the background network of urban space into a network of semi-discrete patches by applying metric universal distance measures at different metric radii, suggesting a natural spatial area-isation of the city at all scales. On this basis we suggest a key clarification of the generic structure of cities: that metric universal distance captures exactly the formally and functionally local patchwork properties of the network, most notably the spatial differentiation of areas, while the top-geometric measures identifying the structure which overcomes locality and links the urban patchwork into a whole at different scales. Introduction: the dual urban network The theory of cities, which has grown out of the use of space syntax techniques in urban studies, proposes that urban street networks have a dual form: a foreground network of linked centres at all scales, and a background network of primarily residential space in which the foreground network is embedded. (Hillier 2001/2) The theory also notes a mathematical duality. On the one hand, measures which express the geometric and topological properties of the network at an extended scale, such as integration and choice measures in axial maps or segment angular maps, are needed to capture structure-function relations such as natural movement patterns (Hillier & Iida 2005). We can call these measures topo-geometric. On the other, at a more localised level, an understanding of structure-function relations often requires an account of metric properties – for example the generic, but usually local, phenomenon of grid intensification to reduce mean trip lengths in live centres (Siksna 1997, Hillier 1999), the fall of movement rates with metric distance from attractors, and the commonly observed decay of shopping with metric distance from an intersection. In terms of understanding structure-function relations. urban space seems to be globally topo-geometric but locally metric. Here we propose to link these two dualities in a more thorough-going way. We show first that the large scale foreground network of space in cities, in spite of the claims of critics (Ratti 2004), really is not metric. On the contrary, the substitution of metric for topo-geometric measures in the analysis, has catastrophic effects on the ability of syntax to account for structure-function relations at this scale. At the same time, topo-geometric measures turn out to capture some interesting metric properties of the larger scale urban network. But we then show that the background network of space really is metric in a much more general sense than has been thought, in that metric measures at different radii can be used to partition the background network of urban space into a patchwork of semi-discrete areas, suggesting a natural metric area-isation of cities at all scales as a function of the placing, shaping and scaling of urban blocks. On this basis we suggest a clarification of the dual structure of cities: that metric ‘universal distance’ (distance from all points to all others – Hillier 1996) measures can capture the spatial differentiation of the background urban network into a patchwork of local areas, while the topo-geometric measures identify the structures which overcomes locality and links the urban patchwork into a whole at different scales. The patchwork theory is in effect a theory of block size and shape, picking up the local distortions in urban space induced by the placing and shaping of physical structures. More generally, we can say that the local-to-global topo-geometric structure reflects the visual, and so non-local effects of placing blocks in space, while the patchwork structure reflects metric and so local effects. The patchwork theory extends and generalises the concept of grid intensification, meaning the reduction of block size to reduce mean distance from all points to all others in a space network. As shown in (Hillier 2000), holding total land coverage and travellable distance in free space constant, a grid in which smaller blocks are placed at the centre and larger blocks at the edge has lower mean distance from all points to all others in the space network than a regular grid, while if larger blocks are placed at the centre and smaller blocks at the edge, then the mean distance from all points to others in the space network is higher than in a regular grid. This follows from the partitioning theory set out in Chapter 8 of Space is the Machine. (Hillier 1996) In general in urban grids, live centres and sub-centres (‘live’ in the sense of having movement dependent uses such as retail and catering) tend to the grid intensified form to maximise the inter-accessibility of the facilities within in the centre, residential areas tend to larger block sizes, reflecting the need to restrain and structure movement in the image of a spatial culture, while the linkages between centres tend to an even larger block size again, an effect of the directional structuring of routes, so that the network of linked centres which dominate the spatial structure of cities tend to oscillate between a relatively large and relative small block size, with the residential background occupying the middle range. This block size pattern is explained more fully in (Hillier 2001/2). In this paper we: – First review the duality of urban space in three ways: geometrically to establish its empirical existence as a key dimension of urban form, functionally to show its implications in terms of movement and land use patterns, and syntactically to show the relations between the two. – We then explore some of the suggestions that have been made about reducing the distance between syntax and more traditional metric approaches, in particular by examining the suggestion of Ratti that we should add metric weightings to the main syntax measures. We show the consequences of these suggestions for any theory which seeks to identify functionally meaningful structures in urban space – We then suggest a general method for showing the metric effect on space of block placing and shaping, both visually and in terms of patterns in scattergrams, by showing theoretical cases – We then apply this method to some cities and show its ability to identify if not natural spatial areas then at least a natural periodicity in city networks through which they tend to a natural spatial area-isation at all scales, reflecting the ways in which we talks about urban areas and regions at different scales. Metric and geometric properties of the grid First, we consider the urban duality geometrically by looking sections of metropolitan Tokyo and London, shown in Figure 1. As shown in (Hillier 2001/2) and later formalised in (Carvalho & Penn 2004), we must first remind ourselves of the fractal nature of urban least line networks: all are made up at all scales, from the local area to the city regions, of a small number of long lines and a large number of short lines. But there is more to be said. Longer and shorter lines form different kinds of geometric patterns. If we look for patterns in the section of Tokyo, the first thing the eye notes are line continuities. What we are seeing in effect is sequence of lines linked at their ends by nearly straight intersections with other lines, forming a visually dominant pattern in the network. But in general, the lines forming these nearly straight continuities as Figueredo calls them (Figueredo 2003) are longer than other nearby lines. This has the effect that if we find a locally longer line it is likely that at either end it will lead to another to which it will be connected by a nearly straight connection, and these lines will in turn be similarly connected. Probabilistically, we can say the longer the line, the more likely it is to end in a nearly straight connection, and taken together these alignments form a network of multi-directional sequences. Intuitively, the value of these in navigating urban grids is obvious, but here, following (Hillier 1999) we are making a structural point. Figure 1: sections of the Tokyo and London street networks What then of the shorter lines ? Again, in spite of a highly variable geometry, we find certain consistencies. First, shorter lines tend to form clusters, so that in the vicinity of each longer line there will be several shorter lines. These localised groups tend to form more grid-like local patterns, with lines either passing through each other, or ending on other lines, at near right angles. We can say then that the shorter the line, the more likely it is to

negative: Net!works European Technology Platform Expert Working Group on Smart Cities Applications and Requirements Executive Summary List of Contributors Contributors Company/institute Emcanta, Es Alcatel-lucent/bell Labs, De Gowex, Es List of Acronyms 3d Three Dimensional Api Application Programming Interfa Smart Cities gained importance as a means of making ICT enabled services and applications available to the citizens, companies and authorities that are part of a city's system. It aims at increasing citizens' quality of life, and improving the efficiency and quality of the services provided by governing entities and businesses. This perspective requires an integrated vision of a city and of its infrastructures, in all its components. A Smart City can be taken according to six characteristics: All these domains raise new challenges in security and privacy, since users implicitly expect systems to be secure and privacy-preserving. One of the critical elements is which role(s) the city will take up as an actor within an increasingly complex value network. New players enter the market, actors shift their business strategies, roles change, different types of platforms emerge and vie for market dominance, technological developments create new threats and opportunities, etc. An element related to the trend of platformisation is cloud computing, which is increasingly helping the private sector to reduce cost, increase efficiency, and work smarter. One particular challenge relates to open data business models. Activities necessary for Public Sector Information provision can be identified. The development of efficient and effective e-government is a prerequisite. Transnational authentication systems for citizens and businesses, agreed frameworks for data privacy, and the sharing and collection of individual and business data, are key. Smart Cities need to be able to integrate themselves into national, regional and international infrastructures. Although the implementation aspects depend strongly on the authorities of these infrastructures, European wide recommendations and directives will definitely contribute to accelerate the deployment of Smart Cities. Health, inclusion and assisted living will play an essential role, since the demand for related services is rising, because ageing is changing disease composition. Requirements address a number of technologies, beyond the ones related to mobile and fixed networks. An integrated perspective on healthcare solutions for the near-to long-term can be foreseen, bridging a direct gap in between the health area and the technological development of communications (radio and network components). The needs for mobility in urban areas result into a number of problems, such as traffic congestion and energy consumption, which can be alleviated by exploiting Intelligent Transportation Systems and further adoption of vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication networks. The information being managed in this area can be relevant to other domains, which increases its potential. An effective deployment …

negative: From smart to smarter cities: Bridging the dimensions of technology and urban planning This paper discusses the importance of urban form in smart cities. Development of urban form has been a major concern for urban planners, designers and policy makers. Sprawl is one way of urban development which is not considered good for a better living standard. Compact form arose as an opposed idea to urban sprawl. Form based codes (FBCs) is a tool for urban planning and design that attempts to mitigate the problem of urban sprawl, whereas conventional zoning strengthens this. This paper highlights the importance of physical place in smart city and how FBCs attempt to create better physical place than conventional zoning. Our study shows that FBCs can lead to smart growth which can be a solution to bridge technology and urban planning together in a single platform.


query: From Brexit to Trump: Social Media’s Role in Democracy

positive: Political Polarization on Twitter In this study we investigate how social media shape the networked public sphere and facilitate communication between communities with different political orientations. We examine two networks of political communication on Twitter, comprised of more than 250,000 tweets from the six weeks leading up to the 2010 U.S. congressional midterm elections. Using a combination of network clustering algorithms and manually-annotated data we demonstrate that the network of political retweets exhibits a highly segregated partisan structure, with extremely limited connectivity between leftand right-leaning users. Surprisingly this is not the case for the user-to-user mention network, which is dominated by a single politically heterogeneous cluster of users in which ideologically-opposed individuals interact at a much higher rate compared to the network of retweets. To explain the distinct topologies of the retweet and mention networks we conjecture that politically motivated individuals provoke interaction by injecting partisan content into information streams whose primary audience consists of ideologically-opposed users. We conclude with statistical evidence in support of this hypothesis.

positive: Predicting Elections with Twitter: What 140 Characters Reveal about Political Sentiment Twitter is a microblogging website where users read and write millions of short messages on a variety of topics every day. This study uses the context of the German federal election to investigate whether Twitter is used as a forum for political deliberation and whether online messages on Twitter validly mirror offline political sentiment. Using LIWC text analysis software, we conducted a content analysis of over 100,000 messages containing a reference to either a political party or a politician. Our results show that Twitter is indeed used extensively for political deliberation. We find that the mere number of messages mentioning a party reflects the election result. Moreover, joint mentions of two parties are in line with real world political ties and coalitions. An analysis of the tweets’ political sentiment demonstrates close correspondence to the parties' and politicians’ political positions indicating that the content of Twitter messages plausibly reflects the offline political landscape. We discuss the use of microblogging message content as a valid indicator of political sentiment and derive suggestions for further research.

positive: Science and society. Social media and the elections. C R E D IT : J O E S U T IL F F /J O E S U T L IF F .C O M I n the United States, social media sites—such as Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube—are currently being used by two out of three people ( 1), and search engines are used daily ( 2). Monitoring what users share or search for in social media and on the Web has led to greater insights into what people care about or pay attention to at any moment in time. Furthermore, it is also helping segments of the world population to be informed, to organize, and to react rapidly. However, social media and search results can be readily manipulated, which is something that has been underappreciated by the press and the general public. In times of political elections, the stakes are high, and advocates may try to support their cause by active manipulation of social media. For example, altering the number of followers can affect a viewer’s conclusion about candidate popularity. Recently, it was noted that the number of followers for a presidential candidate in the United States surged by over 110 thousand within one single day, and analysis showed that most of these followers are unlikely to be real people ( 3). We can model propaganda efforts in graph-theoretic terms, as attempts to alter our “trust network”: Each of us keeps a mental trust network that helps us decide what and what not to believe ( 4). The nodes in this weighted network are entities that we are already familiar with (people, institutions, and ideas), and the arcs are our perceived connections between these entities. The weights on the nodes are values of trust and distrust that we implicitly assign to every entity we know. A propagandist is trying to make us alter connections and values in our trust network, i.e., trying to infl uence our perception about the candidates for the coming elections, and thus “help us” decide on candidates of their choice. The Web, as seen by search engines ( 5), is similarly a weighted network that is used to rank search results. The hyperlinks are considered “votes of support,” and the weights are a computed measurement of importance assigned to Web pages (the nodes in the graph). It is also the target of propaganda attacks, known as “Web spam” ( 6). A Web spammer is trying to alter the weighted Web network by adding connections and values that support his or her cause, aimed at affecting the search engine’s ranking decisions and thus the number of viewers who see the page and consider it important ( 4). “Google bomb” is a type of Web spam that is widely known and applicable to all major search engines today. Exploiting the descriptive power of anchor text (the phrase directly associated with a hyperlink), Web spammers create associations between anchor words or phrases and linked Web pages. These associations force a search engine to give high relevancy to results that would otherwise be unrelated, sending them to the “top 10” search results. A well-known Google bomb was the association of the phrase “miserable failure” with the Web page of President G. W. Bush initially and later with those of Michael Moore, Hillary Clinton, and Jimmy Carter ( 7). Another Google bomb associated candidate John Kerry with the word “waffl es” in 2004. A cluster of Google bombs was used in an effort to infl uence the 2006 congressional elections. Google has adjusted its ranking algorithm to defuse Google bombs on congressional candidates by restricting the selection of the top search results when querying their names ( 8). During the 2008 and 2010 elections, it proved impossible to launch any successful Google bombs on politicians, and it is hoped that the trend will continue. During the 2010 Massachusetts Special Election (MASEN) to fi ll the seat vacated by the death of Senator Ted Kennedy, we saw attempts to infl uence voters just before the elections, launched by out-of-state political groups ( 9). Propagandists exploited a loophole introduced by the feature of including real-time information from social networks in the “top 10” results of Web searches. They ensured that their message was often visible by repeatedly posting the same tweet. A third of all election-related tweets sent during the week before the 2010 MASEN were tweet repeats ( 9). All search engines have since reacted by moving real-time results out of the organic results (results selected purely by information retrieval algorithms) and into a separate search category. “Twitter bombs,” however, are likely to be launched within days of the elections. A Twitter bomb is the act of sending unsolicited replies to specifi c users via Twitter in order to get them to pay attention to one’s cause. Typically, it is done effectively by means of “bots,” short-lived programs that can send a large quantity of tweets automatically. Twitter is good at shutting most of them down because of their activity patterns and/or users’ complaints. However, bombers have used fake “replies” to spam real users who are not aware of their existence. For example, in the 2010 MASEN, political spammers created nine fake accounts that were used to send about 1000 tweets before being blocked by Twitter for spamming ( 9). Their messages were carefully focused, however, targeting users who in the previous hours were discussing the elections. With the retweeting help of similarly minded users, >60,000 Twitter accounts were reached within a day at essentially no cost. Twitter bombs, unfortunately, have become common practice. Department of Computer Science, Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA. E-mail: pmetaxas@wellesley. edu; emustafa@wellesley.edu US

positive: Information network or social network?: the structure of the twitter follow graph In this paper, we provide a characterization of the topological features of the Twitter follow graph, analyzing properties such as degree distributions, connected components, shortest path lengths, clustering coefficients, and degree assortativity. For each of these properties, we compare and contrast with available data from other social networks. These analyses provide a set of authoritative statistics that the community can reference. In addition, we use these data to investigate an often-posed question: Is Twitter a social network or an information network? The "follow" relationship in Twitter is primarily about information consumption, yet many follows are built on social ties. Not surprisingly, we find that the Twitter follow graph exhibits structural characteristics of both an information network and a social network. Going beyond descriptive characterizations, we hypothesize that from an individual user's perspective, Twitter starts off more like an information network, but evolves to behave more like a social network. We provide preliminary evidence that may serve as a formal model of how a hybrid network like Twitter evolves.

positive: Does Twitter motivate involvement in politics? Tweeting, opinion leadership, and political engagement

negative: Towards Text Generation with Adversarially Learned Neural Outlines Recent progress in deep generative models has been fueled by two paradigms – autoregressive and adversarial models. We propose a combination of both approaches with the goal of learning generative models of text. Our method first produces a high-level sentence outline and then generates words sequentially, conditioning on both the outline and the previous outputs. We generate outlines with an adversarial model trained to approximate the distribution of sentences in a latent space induced by general-purpose sentence encoders. This provides strong, informative conditioning for the autoregressive stage. Our quantitative evaluations suggests that conditioning information from generated outlines is able to guide the autoregressive model to produce realistic samples, comparable to maximum-likelihood trained language models, even at high temperatures with multinomial sampling. Qualitative results also demonstrate that this generative procedure yields natural-looking sentences and interpolations.

negative: Rule Based Machine Translation Combined with Statistical Post Editor for Japanese to English Patent Translation Since sentences in patent texts are long, they are difficult to translate by a machine. Although statistical machine translation is one of the major streams of the field, long patent sentences are difficult to translate not using syntactic analysis. We propose the combination of a rule based method and a statistical method. It is a rule based machine translation (RMT) with a statistical based post editor (SPE). The evaluation by the NIST score shows RMT+SPE is more accurate than RMT only. Manual checks, however, show the outputs of RMT+SPE often have strange expressions in the target language. So we propose a new evaluation measure NMG (normalized mean grams). Although NMG is based on n-gram, it counts the number of words in the longest word sequence matches between the test sentence and the target language reference corpus. We use two reference corpora. One is the reference translation only the other is a large scaled target language corpus. In the former case, RMT+SPE wins in the later case, RMT wins.

negative: Designing web usability Where you can find the designing web usability easily? Is it in the book store? On-line book store? are you sure? Keep in mind that you will find the book in this site. This book is very referred for you because it gives not only the experience but also lesson. The lessons are very valuable to serve for you, that's not about who are reading this designing web usability book. It is about this book that will give wellness for all people from many societies.

negative: Reliable Circuit Techniques for Low-Voltage Analog Design in Deep Submicron Standard CMOS: A Tutorial We present in this paper an overview of circuit techniques dedicated to design reliable low-voltage (1-V and below) analog functions in deep submicron standard CMOS processes. The challenges of designing such low-voltage and reliable analog building blocks are addressed both at circuit and physical layout levels. State-ofthe-art circuit topologies and techniques (input level shifting, bulk and current driven, DTMOS), used to build main analog modules (operational amplifier, analog CMOS switches) are covered with the implementation of MOS capacitors.

negative: Scrum Metrics for Hyperproductive Teams: How They Fly like Fighter Aircraft Scrum Teams use lightweight tools like Story Points, the Burn down chart, and Team Velocity. While essential, these tools alone provide insufficient information to maintain a high energy state that yields Hyper productivity. More data is required, but data collection itself can slow Teams. This effect must be avoided when productivity is the primary marker of success. Here we describe nine metrics that can develop and sustain Hyper productive Teams -- Velocity, Work Capacity, Focus Factor, Percentage of Adopted Work, Percentage of Found Work, Accuracy of Estimation, Accuracy of Forecast, Targeted Value Increase, Success at Scale, and the Win/Loss Record of the Team. The unique contribution of this paper is to demonstrate how a light touch and lightweight strategy can be used to compare Teams with different Story Point reference scales.

negative: A fast nearest neighbor search algorithm by nonlinear embedding We propose an efficient algorithm to find the exact nearest neighbor based on the Euclidean distance for large-scale computer vision problems. We embed data points nonlinearly onto a low-dimensional space by simple computations and prove that the distance between two points in the embedded space is bounded by the distance in the original space. Instead of computing the distances in the high-dimensional original space to find the nearest neighbor, a lot of candidates are to be rejected based on the distances in the low-dimensional embedded space; due to this property, our algorithm is well-suited for high-dimensional and large-scale problems. We also show that our algorithm is improved further by partitioning input vectors recursively. Contrary to most of existing fast nearest neighbor search algorithms, our technique reports the exact nearest neighbor - not an approximate one - and requires a very simple preprocessing with no sophisticated data structures. We provide the theoretical analysis of our algorithm and evaluate its performance in synthetic and real data.

negative: Nostalgia and the emotional tone and content of song lyrics. Emotion and topic were manipulated in original song lyrics. Participants completed Batcho's and Holbrook's nostalgia surveys and rated 6 sets of lyrics for happiness, sadness, anger, nostalgia, meaning, liking, and relevance. Nostalgic lyrics were characterized by bittersweet reverie, loss of the past, identity, and meaning. Contrary to theories linking nostalgia to pathology, participants who scored high on Batcho's measure of personal nostalgia preferred happy lyrics, found them more meaningful, and related more closely to them. Consistent with theories relating nostalgia to social connectedness, high-nostalgia respondents preferred other-directed to solitary themes. Historical nostalgia was associated with relating more closely to sad lyrics.

negative: Assistive Robotic Exoskeleton for Helping Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy The Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy (LGMD) is a heterogeneous group of muscle diseases, this is manifested by a progressive loss of the strength of the muscles of the pelvic and shoulders girdles. Several devices that can compensate for the loss of some motors skills have been developed in support for the activities of patients presenting such dystrophy. Those devices include the pole or treadmill that can be used with an exoskeleton to improve the phase of displacement among other activities. This work shows a new mechanical design for a robotic-exoskeleton with seven movement axis, having as purpose to help people, with certain LGMD dystrophy or diseases characteristics, in generate movements of flexion/extension in the lower extremity joints and realize the gait cycle. All of the design movement's analysis is simulated in Solidworks® and OpenSim® software.

negative: CNN-based modulation classification in the complicated communication channel Machine Learning are gradually applied in Automatic Modulation Classification (AMC) domain these years. However, in the past researches, the experiment conditions are mostly idealized or simplified. This paper proposes a modified structure of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), which is proved to have strong capability of classification. The wavelet denoising technology is exploited to restrain the high frequency noise for input signal. As an analysis of the feasibility of this method for complicated channel, we compare the proposed method with the commonly used AMC methods through a large number of signal sequences, taking consider of various distractors. The result shows that the method proposed outperforms on most rugged conditions.

negative: An Integrated Bayesian Approach for Effective Multi-Truth Discovery Truth-finding is the fundamental technique for corroborating reports from multiple sources in both data integration and collective intelligent applications. Traditional truth-finding methods assume a single true value for each data item and therefore cannot deal will multiple true values (i.e., the multi-truth-finding problem). So far, the existing approaches handle the multi-truth-finding problem in the same way as the single-truth-finding problems. Unfortunately, the multi-truth-finding problem has its unique features, such as the involvement of sets of values in claims, different implications of inter-value mutual exclusion, and larger source profiles. Considering these features could provide new opportunities for obtaining more accurate truth-finding results. Based on this insight, we propose an integrated Bayesian approach to the multi-truth-finding problem, by taking these features into account. To improve the truth-finding efficiency, we reformulate the multi-truth-finding problem model based on the mappings between sources and (sets of) values. New mutual exclusive relations are defined to reflect the possible co-existence of multiple true values. A finer-grained copy detection method is also proposed to deal with sources with large profiles. The experimental results on three real-world datasets show the effectiveness of our approach.

negative: SLAM and Static Driver Verifier: Technology Transfer of Formal Methods inside Microsoft A tutorial introduction to designs in unifying theories of programming p. 40 An integration of program analysis and automated theorem proving p. 67 Verifying controlled components p. 87 Efficient CSP[subscript Z] data abstraction p. 108 State/event-based software model checking p. 128 Formalising behaviour trees with CSP p. 148 Generating MSCs from an integrated formal specification language p. 168 UML to B : formal verification of object-oriented models p. 187 Software verification with integrated data type refinement for integer arithmetic p. 207

negative: Replicator neural networks for universal optimal source coding. Replicator neural networks self-organize by using their inputs as desired outputs; they internally form a compressed representation for the input data. A theorem shows that a class of replicator networks can, through the minimization of mean squared reconstruction error (for instance, by training on raw data examples), carry out optimal data compression for arbitrary data vector sources. Data manifolds, a new general model of data sources, are then introduced and a second theorem shows that, in a practically important limiting case, optimal-compression replicator networks operate by creating an essentially unique natural coordinate system for the manifold.

negative: Coarse to Fine: Diffusing Categories in Wikipedia Automatic taxonomy construction aims to build a categorization system without human efforts. Traditional textual pattern based methods extract hyponymy relation in raw texts. However, these methods usually yield low precision and recall. In this paper, we propose a method to automatically find diffusing attributes to a category from Wikipedia infoboxes. We use the diffusing attribute to diffuse a coarsegrained category into several fine-grained subcategories and generate a finer-grained taxonomy. Experiments show our method can find proper diffusing attributes to categories across various domains.

negative: Conditional Generators of Words Definitions We explore recently introduced definition modeling technique that provided the tool for evaluation of different distributed vector representations of words through modeling dictionary definitions of words. In this work, we study the problem of word ambiguities in definition modeling and propose a possible solution by employing latent variable modeling and soft attention mechanisms. Our quantitative and qualitative evaluation and analysis of the model shows that taking into account words ambiguity and polysemy leads to performance improvement.

negative: Probabilistic wavelet transform for partial discharge measurement of transformer Partial discharge (PD) measurement provides a means for online monitoring and diagnosis of transformers. However, extensive interferences and noise can significantly jeopardize the measured PD signals and cause ambiguity in PD measurement interpretation. Necessary PD signal de-noising techniques need to be adopted and wavelet transform is one of such techniques. Mother wavelet selection, decomposition level determination and thresholding are important processes for effective PD extraction using wavelet transform. Various methods have been proposed in the literature to improve the above processes of wavelet transform. In these methods a single threshold is normally adopted at each decomposition level and a binary decision is made to indicate whether an extracted signal is PD signal or noise. However, in online PD measurements it is difficult to find a threshold, which can be used for extracting only PD signals without including any noise. As such, the signals determined by a single threshold cannot be assured as PD signals with certainty. To address the limitations caused by the single thresholding method in wavelet transform for PD signals extraction, this paper proposes quantile based multi-scale thresholding method at each decomposition level, which can thus provide probability indexes for the extracted signals evaluating the likelihood of these signals to be PD signals. To evaluate the proposed method, PD measurements have been conducted on both experimental PD models and inservice transformers at substation. The results are provided in the paper.

negative:
Comparisons of waist circumferences measured at 4 sites. BACKGROUND
Waist circumference (WC) is now accepted as a practical measure of adipose tissue distribution. Four body sites for WC measurements are commonly used, as follows: immediately below the lowest ribs (WC1), the narrowest waist (WC2), the midpoint between the lowest rib and the iliac crest (WC3), and immediately above the iliac crest (WC4).

OBJECTIVE
We sought to compare the magnitude and reliability of WC measured at these 4 sites in males and females.

DESIGN
WC was measured at each site 1 time in all subjects [49 males and 62 females, aged 7-83 y, with a body mass index (in kg/m(2)) of 9-43] and 3 times in a subgroup (n = 93) by one experienced observer using a heavy-duty inelastic tape. Body fat was measured in a subgroup (n = 74) with the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

RESULTS
The mean values of WC were WC2 < WC1 < WC3 < WC4 (P < 0.01) in females and WC2 < WC1, WC3, and WC4 (P < 0.01) in males. For all 4 sites, measurement reproducibility was high, with intraclass correlation (r) values > 0.99. WC values were significantly correlated with fatness; correlations with trunk fat were higher than correlations with total body fat in both sexes.

CONCLUSIONS
WC values at the 4 commonly used anatomic sites differ in magnitude depending on sex, are highly reproducible, and are correlated with total body and trunk adiposity in a sex-dependent manner. These observations have implications for the use of WC measurements in clinical practice and patient-oriented research.

negative: Making the Best of Mifare Classic Update What would you do if you would be instructed to make a secure application built on the Mifare Classic? Arguably, due to the vulnerabilities shown in [5] and hinted at on [6], this is rather difficult and it may be easier to use to another chip. This document explores what the best is you can get, if the only option is Mifare Classic. We propose countermeasures against state restoration and against cloning. The effectiveness of these countermeasures depends on the absense of other vulnerabilities of

negative: Reaching out: involving Users in Innovation Tasks through Social Media Integrating social media into the innovation process can open up the potential for organizations to utilize the collective creativity of consumers from all over the world. The research in this paper sets out to identify how social media can facilitate innovation. By taking a Design Science Research approach this research presents the Social Media Innovation Method for matching innovation tasks with social media characteristics. This supports the selection of best suitable social media and can help organizations to achieve their innovation goals. At the core of the method is the honeycomb model which describes seven social media characteristics on three dimensions: audience, content and time. The method has been evaluated by using an approach called scenario walkthrough that is applied in a real-life spatial planning project. This research concludes that there is no one-size-fits-all answer to the question how social media can be of value for the innovation process. However, organizations that want to know how it can benefit their own innovation process can use the Social Media Innovation Method presented in this research as a way to provide an answer to that question, uniquely tailored to each innovation task for which social media is to be used.

negative: A study on the bending mechanism of the flexible ureteroscope Flexible ureteroscope is increasingly used for urologic treatment today. The key mechanism of the ureteroscope is the bending mechanism. It consists of a bending head and a control lever connected through a set of wire. The lighting and imaging optics as well as the surgical tools all go through the bending head. With the demand for improved performance and reduced size, more research on its design is still needed. In this paper, the modeling and simulation of an ureteroscope are presented, which pave the road for design optimization in the future.

negative: Setting our bibliographic references free: towards open citation data Purpose. Citation BLOCKIN BLOCKIN data BLOCKIN BLOCKIN needs BLOCKIN BLOCKIN to BLOCKIN BLOCKIN be BLOCKIN BLOCKIN recognized BLOCKIN BLOCKIN as BLOCKIN BLOCKIN a BLOCKIN BLOCKIN part BLOCKIN BLOCKIN of BLOCKIN BLOCKIN the BLOCKIN BLOCKIN Commons BLOCKIN BLOCKIN – BLOCKIN BLOCKIN those BLOCKIN BLOCKIN works BLOCKIN BLOCKIN that are freely and legally available for sharing – and placed in an open repository. Design/methodology/approach. The Open Citation Corpus is a new open repository of scholarly citation data, made available under a Creative Commons CC0 1.0 public domain dedication and encoded as Open Linked Data using the SPAR Ontologies. BLOCKIN Annotation Tools and CiTalO, to facilitate the semantic enhancement of the references in scholarly papers according to Semantic Publishing models and technologies. BLOCKIN publishers BLOCKIN BLOCKIN and BLOCKIN BLOCKIN institutions BLOCKIN BLOCKIN may BLOCKIN BLOCKIN freely BLOCKIN BLOCKIN build BLOCKIN BLOCKIN upon, BLOCKIN BLOCKIN enhance BLOCKIN BLOCKIN and reuse the open citation data for any purpose, without restriction under copyright or database law.

negative: Mapping Images to Sentiment Adjective Noun Pairs with Factorized Neural Nets We consider the visual sentiment task of mapping an image to an adjective noun pair (ANP) such as ”cute baby”. To capture the two-factor structure of our ANP semantics as well as to overcome annotation noise and ambiguity, we propose a novel factorized CNN model which learns separate representations for adjectives and nouns but optimizes the classification performance over their product. Our experiments on the publicly available SentiBank dataset show that our model significantly outperforms not only independent ANP classifiers on unseen ANPs and on retrieving images of novel ANPs, but also image captioning models which capture word semantics from co-occurrence of natural text; the latter turn out to be surprisingly poor at capturing the sentiment evoked by pure visual experience. That is, our factorized ANP CNN not only trains better from noisy labels, generalizes better to new images, but can also expands the ANP vocabulary on its own.

negative: Pattern electrical stimulation of the human retina Experiments were conducted to study if electrical stimulation of the retinal surface can elicit visual sensation in individuals blind from end-stage retinitis pigmentosa (RP) or age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Under local anesthesia, different stimulating electrodes were inserted through the eyewall and positioned over the surface of the retina. Subjects' psychophysical responses to electrical stimulation were recorded. Subjects perceived simple forms in response to pattern electrical stimulation of the retina. A non-flickering perception was created with stimulating frequencies between 40 and 50 Hz. The stimulation threshold was dependent on the targeted retinal area (macular versus extramacular).

negative: Top-down facilitation of visual recognition. Cortical analysis related to visual object recognition is traditionally thought to propagate serially along a bottom-up hierarchy of ventral areas. Recent proposals gradually promote the role of top-down processing in recognition, but how such facilitation is triggered remains a puzzle. We tested a specific model, proposing that low spatial frequencies facilitate visual object recognition by initiating top-down processes projected from orbitofrontal to visual cortex. The present study combined magnetoencephalography, which has superior temporal resolution, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and a behavioral task that yields successful recognition with stimulus repetitions. Object recognition elicited differential activity that developed in the left orbitofrontal cortex 50 ms earlier than it did in recognition-related areas in the temporal cortex. This early orbitofrontal activity was directly modulated by the presence of low spatial frequencies in the image. Taken together, the dynamics we revealed provide strong support for the proposal of how top-down facilitation of object recognition is initiated, and our observations are used to derive predictions for future research.

negative: Models and Statistical Inference : The Controversy between Fisher and Neyman – Pearson The main thesis of the paper is that in the case of modern statistics, the differences between the various concepts of models were the key to its formative controversies. The mathematical theory of statistical inference was mainly developed by Ronald A. Fisher, Jerzy Neyman, and Egon S. Pearson. Fisher on the one side and Neyman–Pearson on the other were involved often in a polemic controversy. The common view is that Neyman and Pearson made Fisher’s account more stringent mathematically. It is argued, however, that there is a profound theoretical basis for the controversy: both sides held conflicting views about the role of mathematical modelling. At the end, the influential programme of Exploratory Data Analysis is considered to be advocating another, more instrumental conception of models.

negative: Learning how to match fresco fragments One of the main problems faced during reconstruction of fractured archaeological artifacts is sorting through a large number of candidate matches between fragments to find the relatively few that are correct. Previous computer methods for this task provided scoring functions based on a variety of properties of potential matches, including color and geometric compatibility across fracture surfaces. However, they usually consider only one or at most a few properties at once, and therefore provide match predictions with very low precision. In this article, we investigate a machine learning approach that computes the probability that a match is correct based on the combination of many features. We explore this machine learning approach for ranking matches in three different sets of fresco fragments, finding that classifiers based on many match properties can be significantly more effective at ranking proposed matches than scores based on any single property alone. Our results suggest that it is possible to train a classifier on match properties in one dataset and then use it to rank predicted matches in another dataset effectively. We believe that this approach could be helpful in a variety of cultural heritage reconstruction systems.

negative: Sub-event detection from tweets Social media plays an important role in communication between people in recent times. This includes information about news and events that are currently happening. Most of the research on event detection concentrates on identifying events from social media information. These models assume an event to be a single entity and treat it as such during the detection process. This assumption ignores that the composition of an event changes as new information is made available on social media. To capture the change in information over time, we extend an already existing Event Detection at Onset algorithm to study the evolution of an event over time. We introduce the concept of an event life cycle model that tracks various key events in the evolution of an event. The proposed unsupervised sub-event detection method uses a threshold-based approach to identify relationships between sub-events over time. These related events are mapped to an event life cycle to identify sub-events. We evaluate the proposed sub-event detection approach on a large-scale Twitter corpus.

negative: On Analyzing User Topic-Specific Platform Preferences Across Multiple Social Media Sites Topic modeling has traditionally been studied for single text collections and applied to social media data represented in the form of text documents. With the emergence of many social media platforms, users find themselves using different social media for posting content and for social interaction. While many topics may be shared across social media platforms, users typically show preferences of certain social media platform(s) over others for certain topics. Such platform preferences may even be found at the individual level. To model social media topics as well as platform preferences of users, we propose a new topic model known as MultiPlatform-LDA (MultiLDA). Instead of just merging all posts from different social media platforms into a single text collection, MultiLDA keeps one text collection for each social media platform but allowing these platforms to share a common set of topics. MultiLDA further learns the user-specific platform preferences for each topic. We evaluate MultiLDA against TwitterLDA, the state-of-the-art method for social media content modeling, on two aspects: (i) the effectiveness in modeling topics across social media platforms, and (ii) the ability to predict platform choices for each post. We conduct experiments on three real-world datasets from Twitter, Instagram and Tumblr sharing a set of common users. Our experiments results show that the MultiLDA outperforms in both topic modeling and platform choice prediction tasks. We also show empirically that among the three social media platforms, “Daily matters” and “Relationship matters” are dominant topics in Twitter, “Social gathering”, “Outing” and “Fashion” are dominant topics in Instagram, and “Music”, “Entertainment” and “Fashion” are dominant topics in Tumblr.

negative: Author ' s personal copy Romancing leadership : Past , present , and future ☆ Available online 2 October 2011 This paper presents a review of the romance of leadership and the social construction of leadership theory 25 years after it was originally introduced. We trace the development of this theoretical approach from the original formulation of the romance of leadership (RoL) theory as attributional bias through its emergence as a radical, unconventional approach that views leadership as a sensemaking activity that is primarily ‘in the eye of the beholder.’ We subsequently review research published in management and organizational psychology journals, book chapters and special issues of journals from 1985 to 2010. Three overall themes emerged from this review: 1) biases in (mis)attributions of leadership, including attributions for organizational success and failure; 2) follower-centered approaches, including the role of follower characteristics, perceptions, and motivations in interpreting leadership ratings; and 3) the social construction of leadership, including interfollower and social contagion processes, the role of crisis and uncertainty, and constructions and deconstructions of leadership and CEO celebrity in the media. Within each of these themes, we examine developments and summarize key findings. Our review concludes with recommendations for future theoretical and empirical

negative: A Scalable Framework for Spatiotemporal Analysis of Location-based Social Media Data In the past several years, social media (e.g., Twitter and Facebook) has been experiencing a spectacular rise and popularity, and becoming a ubiquitous discourse for content sharing and social networking. With the widespread of mobile devices and location-based services, social media typically allows users to share whereabouts of daily activities (e.g., check-ins and taking photos), and thus strengthens the roles of social media as a proxy to understand human behaviors and complex social dynamics in geographic spaces. Unlike conventional spatiotemporal data, this new modality of data is dynamic, massive, and typically represented in stream of unstructured media (e.g., texts and photos), which pose fundamental representation, modeling and computational challenges to conventional spatiotemporal analysis and geographic information science. In this paper, we describe a scalable computational framework to harness massive location-based social media data for efficient and systematic spatiotemporal data analysis. Within this framework, the concept of space-time trajectories (or paths) is applied to represent activity profiles of social media users. A hierarchical spatiotemporal data model, namely a spatiotemporal data cube model, is developed based on collections of space-time trajectories to represent the collective dynamics of social media users across aggregation boundaries at multiple spatiotemporal scales. The framework is implemented based upon a public data stream of Twitter feeds posted on the continent of North America. To demonstrate the advantages and performance of this framework, an interactive flow mapping interface (including both single-source and multiple-source flow mapping) is developed to allow real-time, and interactive visual exploration of movement dynamics in massive location-based social media at multiple scales. ∗Corresponding author Preprint submitted to Computers, Enviroment and Urban Systems September 10, 2014 ar X iv :1 40 9. 28 26 v1 [ cs .S I] 8 S ep 2 01 4

negative: Role of social media in online travel information search Social media are playing an increasingly important role as information sources for travelers. The goal of this study is to investigate the extent to which social media appear in search engine results in the context of travel-related searches. The study employed a research design that simulates a traveler’s use of a search engine for travel planning by using a set of pre-defined keywords in combination with nine U.S. tourist destination names. The analysis of the search results showed that social media constitute a substantial part of the search results, indicating that search engines likely direct travelers to social media sites. This study confirms the growing importance of social media in the online tourism domain. It also provides evidence for challenges faced by traditional providers of travel-related information. Implications for tourism marketers in terms of online marketing strategies are discussed. 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

negative: Social media for the emergency manager in disaster planning and response This practitioner paper outlines some of the benefits for the use of social media, from the perspective of a locallevel or county-level emergency manager (EM). As compared to state and national level emergency management, because local level EMs have limited manpower and resources, social media can positively or negatively impact the effectiveness of communication before, during and after disaster strikes. Outlined in this paper are six key points where local EMs have specific needs that could be addressed by the effective use of social media and, in the opinion of the authors, represent the top issues that EMs face when considering how to leverage Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, Instagram and other social media platforms. The six needs addressed in this paper include: 1) Best practices for general social media use by EMs, 2) Social media use for internal command and control within the EM group, 3) Developing situation awareness by monitoring social media, especially prior to predicable events, 4) Communicating disaster preparedness messages through social media, 5) Using social media for gathering damage assessment information during, or immediately following a crisis, and 6) Leveraging social media volunteer groups. This short paper picks up where the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s social media training leaves off and attempts to represent these six needs as use cases for researchers and developers to address in future publications and products.

negative: Social Media Metrics — A Framework and Guidelines for Managing Social Media Social media are becoming ubiquitous and need to be managed like all other forms of media that organizations employ to meet their goals. However, social media are fundamentally different from any traditional or other online media because of their social network structure and egalitarian nature. These differences require a distinct measurement approach as a prerequisite for proper analysis and subsequent management. To develop the right social media metrics and subsequently construct appropriate dashboards, we provide a tool kit consisting of three novel components. First, we theoretically derive and propose a holistic framework that covers the major elements of social media, drawing on theories from marketing, psychology, and sociology. We continue to support and detail these elements — namely ‘motives,’ ‘content,’ ‘network structure,’ and ‘social roles & interactions’ — with recent research studies. Second, based on our theoretical framework, the literature review, and practical experience, we suggest nine guidelines that may prove valuable for designing appropriate social media metrics and constructing a sensible social media dashboard. Third, based on the framework and the guidelines we derive managerial implications and suggest an agenda for future research. © 2013 Direct Marketing Educational Foundation, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.