query: Global outer-urban navigation with OpenStreetMap

positive: HD Maps: Fine-Grained Road Segmentation by Parsing Ground and Aerial Images In this paper we present an approach to enhance existing maps with fine grained segmentation categories such as parking spots and sidewalk, as well as the number and location of road lanes. Towards this goal, we propose an efficient approach that is able to estimate these fine grained categories by doing joint inference over both, monocular aerial imagery, as well as ground images taken from a stereo camera pair mounted on top of a car. Important to this is reasoning about the alignment between the two types of imagery, as even when the measurements are taken with sophisticated GPS+IMU systems, this alignment is not sufficiently accurate. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on a new dataset which enhances KITTI [8] with aerial images taken with a camera mounted on an airplane and flying around the city of Karlsruhe, Germany.

positive: OpenStreetMap: User-Generated Street Maps The OpenStreetMap project is a knowledge collective that provides user-generated street maps. OSM follows the peer production model that created Wikipedia; its aim is to create a set of map data that's free to use, editable, and licensed under new copyright schemes. A considerable number of contributors edit the world map collaboratively using the OSM technical infrastructure, and a core group, estimated at approximately 40 volunteers, dedicate their time to creating and improving OSM's infrastructure, including maintaining the server, writing the core software that handles the transactions with the server, and creating cartographical outputs. There's also a growing community of software developers who develop software tools to make OSM data available for further use across different application domains, software platforms, and hardware devices. The OSM project's hub is the main OSM Web site.

positive: Metric localization using Google Street View Accurate metrical localization is one of the central challenges in mobile robotics. Many existing methods aim at localizing after building a map with the robot. In this paper, we present a novel approach that instead uses geo-tagged panoramas from the Google Street View as a source of global positioning. We model the problem of localization as a non-linear least squares estimation in two phases. The first estimates the 3D position of tracked feature points from short monocular camera sequences. The second computes the rigid body transformation between the Street View panoramas and the estimated points. The only input of this approach is a stream of monocular camera images and odometry estimates. We quantified the accuracy of the method by running the approach on a robotic platform in a parking lot by using visual fiducials as ground truth. Additionally, we applied the approach in the context of personal localization in a real urban scenario by using data from a Google Tango tablet.

positive: Autonomous Robot Navigation in Highly Populated Pedestrian Zones In the past, there has been a tremendous progress in the area of autonomous robot navigation and a large variety of robots have been developed who demonstrated robust navigation capabilities indoors, in non-urban outdoor environments, or on roads and relatively few approaches focus on navigation in urban environments such as city centers. Urban areas, however, introduce numerous challenges for autonomous robots as they are rather unstructured and dynamic. In this paper, we present a navigation system for mobile robots designed to operate in crowded city environments and pedestrian zones. We describe the different components of this system including a SLAM module for dealing with huge maps of city centers, a planning component for inferring feasible paths taking also into account the traversability and type of terrain, a module for accurate localization in dynamic environments, and means for calibrating and monitoring the platform. Our navigation system has been implemented and tested in several large-scale field tests, in which a real robot autonomously navigated over several kilometers in a complex urban environment. This also included a public demonstration, during which the robot autonomously traveled along a more than three kilometer long route through the city center of Freiburg, Germany.

positive: Distance Transforms of Sampled Functions We describe linear-time algorithms for solving a class of problems that involve transforming a cost function on a grid using spatial information. These problems can be viewed as a generalization of classical distance transforms of binary images, where the binary image is replaced by an arbitrary function on a grid. Alternatively they can be viewed in terms of the minimum convolution of two functions, which is an important operation in grayscale morphology. A consequence of our techniques is a simple and fast method for computing the Euclidean distance transform of a binary image. Our algorithms are also applicable to Viterbi decoding, belief propagation, and optimal control. ACM Classification: F.2.1, I.4 AMS Classification: 68T45, 68W40

negative: The ODD protocol : a review and first update The ‘ODD’ (Overview, Design concepts, and Details) protocol was published in 2006 to standardize the published descriptions of individual-based and agent-based models (ABMs). The primary objectives of ODD are to make model descriptions more understandable and complete, thereby making ABMs less subject to criticism for being irreproducible. We have systematically evaluated existing uses of the ODD protocol and identified, as expected, parts of ODD needing improvement and clarification. Accordingly, we revise the definition of ODD to clarify aspects of the original version and thereby facilitate future standardization of ABM descriptions. We discuss frequently raised critiques in ODD but also two emerging, and unanticipated, benefits: ODD improves the rigorous formulation of models and helps make the theoretical foundations of large models more visible. Although the protocol was designed for ABMs, it can help with documenting any large, complex model, alleviating some general objections against such models.

negative: Predicting inter-thread cache contention on a chip multi-processor architecture This paper studies the impact of L2 cache sharing on threads that simultaneously share the cache, on a chip multi-processor (CMP) architecture. Cache sharing impacts threads nonuniformly, where some threads may be slowed down significantly, while others are not. This may cause severe performance problems such as sub-optimal throughput, cache thrashing, and thread starvation for threads that fail to occupy sufficient cache space to make good progress. Unfortunately, there is no existing model that allows extensive investigation of the impact of cache sharing. To allow such a study, we propose three performance models that predict the impact of cache sharing on co-scheduled threads. The input to our models is the isolated L2 cache stack distance or circular sequence profile of each thread, which can be easily obtained on-line or off-line. The output of the models is the number of extra L2 cache misses for each thread due to cache sharing. The models differ by their complexity and prediction accuracy. We validate the models against a cycle-accurate simulation that implements a dual-core CMP architecture, on fourteen pairs of mostly SPEC benchmarks. The most accurate model, the inductive probability model, achieves an average error of only 3.9%. Finally, to demonstrate the usefulness and practicality of the model, a case study that details the relationship between an application's temporal reuse behavior and its cache sharing impact is presented.

negative: Accounting Information System Risk Assessment Algorithm Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process So far, there is little research on accounting information system risk assessment in our country. In order to provide the basis to meet the security needs of the accounting information system and reduce the risk of accounting information system security, reduce financial loses and improve the work efficiency, a model of enterprise accounting information system risk assessment method based on Analytic Hierarchy Process is proposed. The analytic hierarchy process model is applied to one corporate accounting information system for risk assessment. It can be concluded that the proposed method get better result of risk assessment, and have strong operability and effectiveness of risk assessment in the accounting information system for enterprise.

negative: Scalable pseudo-random noise radar This paper describes the implementation of a pseudo-random noise radar system on a scalable sensor platform that consists of several multi-purpose 61- and 122-GHz transceivers in a Silicon-Germanium BiCMOS technology. The multi-band transceivers are equipped with a frequency multiplier to generate the 61- and 122-GHz carrier signals from a single 30.5-GHz LO signal and can be cascaded to build a MIMO radar system with 2 different frequency bands. The implemented scalable sensor system is suitable for various radar and communication applications by using the same transceiver chips with integrated binary phase-shift keying modulators and I/Q receiver. A suitable pseudo-random binary sequence was used in a radar measurement to demonstrate the applicability of the developed chips.

negative: Variational shape approximation A method for concise, faithful approximation of complex 3D datasets is key to reducing the computational cost of graphics applications. Despite numerous applications ranging from geometry compression to reverse engineering, efficiently capturing the geometry of a surface remains a tedious task. In this paper, we present both theoretical and practical contributions that result in a novel and versatile framework for geometric approximation of surfaces. We depart from the usual strategy by casting shape approximation as a variational geometric partitioning problem. Using the concept of geometric proxies, we drive the distortion error down through repeated clustering of faces into best-fitting regions. Our approach is entirely discrete and error-driven, and does not require parameterization or local estimations of differential quantities. We also introduce a new metric based on normal deviation, and demonstrate its superior behavior at capturing anisotropy.

negative: The Gut Microbiota and Autism Spectrum Disorders Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are a common comorbidity in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Many studies have shown alterations in the composition of the fecal flora and metabolic products of the gut microbiome in patients with ASD. The gut microbiota influences brain development and behaviors through the neuroendocrine, neuroimmune and autonomic nervous systems. In addition, an abnormal gut microbiota is associated with several diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), ASD and mood disorders. Here, we review the bidirectional interactions between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract (brain-gut axis) and the role of the gut microbiota in the central nervous system (CNS) and ASD. Microbiome-mediated therapies might be a safe and effective treatment for ASD.

negative: Efficient Private ERM for Smooth Objectives In this paper, we consider efficient differentially private empirical risk minimization from the viewpoint of optimization algorithms. For strongly convex and smooth objectives, we prove that gradient descent with output perturbation not only achieves nearly optimal utility, but also significantly improves the running time of previous state-of-the-art private optimization algorithms, for both ǫ-DP and (ǫ, δ)-DP. For non-convex but smooth objectives, we propose an RRPSGD (Random Round Private Stochastic Gradient Descent) algorithm, which provably converges to a stationary point with privacy guarantee. Besides the expected utility bounds, we also provide guarantees in high probability form. Experiments demonstrate that our algorithm consistently outperforms existing method in both utility and running time.

negative: DENSER Cities: A System for Dense Efficient Reconstructions of Cities This paper is about the efficient generation of dense, colored models of city-scale environments from range data and in particular, stereo cameras. Better maps make for better understanding; better understanding leads to better robots, but this comes at a cost. The computational and memory requirements of large dense models can be prohibitive. We provide the theory and the system needed to create cityscale dense reconstructions. To do so, we apply a regularizer over a compressed 3D data structure while dealing with the complex boundary conditions this induces during the data-fusion stage. We show that only with these considerations can we swiftly create neat, large, “well behaved” reconstructions. We evaluate our system using the KITTI dataset and provide statistics for the metric errors in all surfaces created compared to those measured with 3D laser. Our regularizer reduces the median error by 40% in 3.4 km of dense reconstructions with a median accuracy of 6 cm. For subjective analysis, we provide a qualitative review of 6.1 km of our dense reconstructions in an attached video. These are the largest dense reconstructions from a single passive camera we are aware of in the literature. Video: https://youtu.be/FRmF7mH86EQ

negative: Running on four legs as though they were one that run on one leg. The generalization uf these one-leg algorithms for control of machines with several legs is explored. The generalization is quite simple when multilegged systems run with gaits that use the support legs one at a time. For these gaits the ~ n e-l e g algorithms can be used b o control multilegged running. The cortcept of a virtual leg is introduced to further extend the approach to gaits that use the legs in pairs, such as the trot, the pace, and the bound. These quadruped running gaits map into gaits that use one virtual leg for support at a rime, for which the one-leg algorithms can provide control. This approach was used in laboratory experiments to control a quadruped machine that runs with a trotting gait. 1. ~N1RUI)IICTION UNNING is a form of legged locomotion characterized by travel at high speed and by periods of ballistic flight during which all feet leave the ground. The basic control task is to establish a pattern of leg and body motions that stabilizes the attitude and altitude of the body while propelling the body in the desired direction at the desired speed 121. The characteristics of high speed and ballistic flight suggest that dynamics and active stability are important to accomplishing this control task, and to getting a better general understanding of running. In recent work the aulhors used dynamic techniques to control an experimental one-legged machine that balances itself as it runs by hopping [ 3 , 41. The goal of these experiments was to focus on the dynamic aspects of locomo-tion, while avoiding the difficult task of coordinating the behavior of several legs. This paper addresses the task of leg coordination by starting with the algorithms that were used to control the one-legged hopping machine, and extending them to control a quadruped running machine. The general goal is to develop a set of locomotion principles that applies to the dynamic behavior of diverse legged systems-machines and animals alike-independent of the number of legs.

negative: Fusion of IMU and Vision for Absolute Scale Estimation in Monocular SLAM The fusion of inertial and visual data is widely used to improve an object’s pose estimation. However, this type of fusion is rarely used to estimate further unknowns in the visual framework. In this paper we present and compare two different approaches to estimate the unknown scale parameter in a monocular SLAM framework. Directly linked to the scale is the estimation of the object’s absolute velocity and position in 3D. The first approach is a spline fitting task adapted from Jung and Taylor and the second is an extended Kalman filter. Both methods have been simulated offline on arbitrary camera paths to analyze their behavior and the quality of the resulting scale estimation. We then embedded an online multi rate extended Kalman filter in the Parallel Tracking and Mapping (PTAM) algorithm of Klein and Murray together with an inertial sensor. In this inertial / monocular SLAM framework, we show a real time, robust and fast converging scale estimation. Our approach does not depend on known patterns in the vision part nor a complex temporal synchronization between the visual and inertial sensor. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n. 231855 (sFly). Gabriel Nützi is currently a Master student at the ETH Zurich. Stephan Weiss is currently PhD student at the ETH Zurich. Davide Scaramuzza is currently senior researcher and team leader at the ETH Zurich. Roland Siegwart is full professor at the ETH Zurich and head of the Autonomous Systems Lab. G. Nützi · S. Weiss · D. Scaramuzza · R. Siegwart ETH Autonomous Systems Laboratory, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland, www.asl.ethz.ch E-mail: nuetzi@student.ethz.ch, stephan.weiss@mavt.ethz.ch, davide.scaramuzza@ieee.org, rsiegwart@ethz.ch 2

negative: Arm pose copying for humanoid robots Learning by imitation is becoming increasingly important for teaching humanoid robots new skills. The simplest form of imitation is behavior copying in which the robot is minimizing the difference between its perceived motion and that of the imitated agent. One problem that must be solved even in this simplest of all imitation tasks is calculating the learner's pose corresponding to the perceived pose of the agent it is imitating. This paper presents a general framework for solving this problem in closed form for the arms of a generalized humanoid robot of which most available humanoids are special cases. The paper also reports the evaluation of the proposed system for real and simulated robots.

negative: On Realistically Attacking Tor with Website Fingerprinting Website fingerprinting allows a local, passive observer monitoring a web-browsing client’s encrypted channel to determine her web activity. Previous attacks have shown that website fingerprinting could be a threat to anonymity networks such as Tor under laboratory conditions. However, there are significant differences between laboratory conditions and realistic conditions. First, the training data set is very similar to the testing data set under laboratory conditions, but the attacker may not be able to guarantee similarity realistically. Second, laboratory packet sequences correspond to a single page each, but for realistic packet sequences the split between pages is not obvious. Third, packet sequences may include noise, which may adversely affect website fingerprinting, but this effect has not been studied. In this paper, we tackle these three problems to bridge the gap between laboratory and realistic conditions for website fingerprinting. We show that we can maintain a fresh training set with minimal resources. We demonstrate several classification-based techniques that allow us to split full packet sequences effectively into sequences corresponding to a single page each. Although we were not able to remove noise effectively, we will show that it is difficult for users to generate sufficient background noise to disrupt website fingerprinting on Tor. With our techniques, we are able to build the first website fingerprinting system that can operate on packet sequences collected in the wild.

negative: Low Precision Policy Distillation with Application to Low-Power, Real-time Sensation-Cognition-Action Loop with Neuromorphic Computing Low precision networks in the reinforcement learning (RL) setting are relatively unexplored because of the limitations of binary activations for function approximation. Here, in the discrete action ATARI domain, we demonstrate, for the first time, that low precision policy distillation from a high precision network provides a principled, practical way to train an RL agent. As an application, on 10 different ATARI games, we demonstrate real-time end-to-end game playing on lowpower neuromorphic hardware by converting a sequence of game frames into discrete actions.

negative: Embodied Cognition is Not What you Think it is The most exciting hypothesis in cognitive science right now is the theory that cognition is embodied. Like all good ideas in cognitive science, however, embodiment immediately came to mean six different things. The most common definitions involve the straight-forward claim that "states of the body modify states of the mind." However, the implications of embodiment are actually much more radical than this. If cognition can span the brain, body, and the environment, then the "states of mind" of disembodied cognitive science won't exist to be modified. Cognition will instead be an extended system assembled from a broad array of resources. Taking embodiment seriously therefore requires both new methods and theory. Here we outline four key steps that research programs should follow in order to fully engage with the implications of embodiment. The first step is to conduct a task analysis, which characterizes from a first person perspective the specific task that a perceiving-acting cognitive agent is faced with. The second step is to identify the task-relevant resources the agent has access to in order to solve the task. These resources can span brain, body, and environment. The third step is to identify how the agent can assemble these resources into a system capable of solving the problem at hand. The last step is to test the agent's performance to confirm that agent is actually using the solution identified in step 3. We explore these steps in more detail with reference to two useful examples (the outfielder problem and the A-not-B error), and introduce how to apply this analysis to the thorny question of language use. Embodied cognition is more than we think it is, and we have the tools we need to realize its full potential.

negative: Approximation Theory of the Mlp Model in Neural Networks In this survey we discuss various approximation-theoretic problems that arise in the multilayer feedforward perceptron (MLP) model in neural networks. The MLP model is one of the more popular and practical of the many neural network models. Mathematically it is also one of the simpler models. Nonetheless the mathematics of this model is not well understood, and many of these problems are approximation-theoretic in character. Most of the research we will discuss is of very recent vintage. We will report on what has been done and on various unanswered questions. We will not be presenting practical (algorithmic) methods. We will, however, be exploring the capabilities and limitations of this model. In the rst two sections we present a brief introduction and overview of neural networks and the multilayer feedforward perceptron model. In Section 3 we discuss in great detail the question of density. When does this model have the theoretical ability to approximate any reasonable function arbritrarily well? In Section 4 we present conditions for simultaneously approximating a function and its derivatives. Section 5 considers the interpolation capability of this model. In Section 6 we study upper and lower bounds on the order of approximation of this model. The material presented in Sections 3{6 treats the single hidden layer MLP model. In Section 7 we discuss some of the diierences that arise when considering more than one hidden layer. The lengthy list of references includes many papers not cited in the text, but relevant to the subject matter of this survey.

negative: aBCD18 - An advanced 0.18um BCD technology for PMIC application We present a new advanced 0.18um BCD(Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS) technology with the key features being a 40V HV-MOS and an SSTC(Sidewall Selective Transistor Cell) type EEPROM as well as complimentary available analog devices such as a high gain BJT, 4fF/um2 MIM capacitor, and 10k Ω/sq. poly resistor. To reduce device area and enhance latch up immunity, a 15um depth deep trench isolation process has been developed, which will help to significantly reduce the chip size.

negative: Comparison of Sparse Representation and Fourier Discriminant Methods : Damage Location Classification in Indirect Lab-scale Bridge Structural Health Monitoring This paper presents a novel method for interpreting data to improve the indirect structural health monitoring (SHM) of bridges. The research presented in the study is part of an ongoing study aimed at developing a novel SHM paradigm for the health assessment of bridges. In this paradigm, we envision the use of an instrumented vehicle that assesses a bridge’s dynamic characteristics while traveling across the bridge. These characteristics are then correlated to the health of the structure by means of advanced signal processing and pattern recognition approaches. In this paper, we present and compare two classification algorithms that locate the presence of damages at well-defined locations on the structure: sparse representation and the Fourier discriminant methods, and find that the sparse representation method provides superior classification accuracy.

negative: Digital Literacy: A Conceptual Framework for Survival Skills in the Digital Era Digital literacy involves more than the mere ability to use software or operate a digital device; it includes a large variety of complex cognitive, motor, sociological, and emotional skills, which users need in order to function effectively in digital environments. The tasks required in this context include, for example, “reading” instructions from graphical displays in user interfaces; using digital reproduction to create new, meaningful materials from existing ones; constructing knowledge from a nonlinear, hypertextual navigation; evaluating the quality and validity of information; and have a mature and realistic understanding of the “rules” that prevail in the cyberspace. This newly emerging concept of digital literacy may be used as a measure of the quality of learners’ work in digital environments, and provide scholars and developers with a more effective means of communication in designing better user-oriented environments. This article proposes a holistic, refined conceptual framework for digital literacy, which includes photo-visual literacy; reproduction literacy; branching literacy; information literacy; and socioemotional literacy.

negative: Three control flow obfuscation methods for Java software Three novel control computation (control flow) obfuscation methods are described for protecting Java class files. They are basic block fission obfuscation, intersecting loop obfuscation and replacing goto obfuscation. The basic block fission obfuscation splits some chosen basic block(s) into more basic blocks, in which opaque predicates and goto instructions are inserted to make decompiling unsuccessful. The intersecting loop obfuscation intersects two loops and then adds this pattern into programs. The intersecting loop structure should not appear in a Java source program or a class file. The replacing goto obfuscation replaces goto instructions with conditional branch instructions. The newmethods were tested against 16 decompilers. The study also implemented multi-level exit obfuscation and single-level exit obfuscation for comparison. Both the intersecting loop obfuscation and the replacing goto obfuscation successfully defeated all the decompilers.

negative: Increasing Brand Attractiveness and Sales through Social Media Comments on Public Displays - Evidence from a Field Experiment in the Retail Industry Retailers and brands are just starting to utilize online social media to support their businesses. Simultaneously, public displays are becoming ubiquitous in public places, raising the question about how these two technologies could be used together to attract new and existing customers as well as strengthen the relationship toward a focal brand. Accordingly, in a field experiment we displayed brandand product-related comments from the social network Facebook as pervasive advertising in small-space retail stores, known as kiosks. From interviews conducted with real customers during the experiment and the corresponding analysis of sales data we could conclude three findings. Showing social media comments resulted in (1) customers perceiving brands as more innovative and attractive, (2) a measurable, positive effect on sales on both the brand and the product in question and (3) customers wanting to see the comments of others, but not their own, creating a give-andtake paradox for using public displays to show social media comments.

negative: Proposal Manipulation of 3 D Objects in Immersive Virtual Environments Interactions within virtual environments (VE) often require manipulation of 3D virtual objects. For this purpose, several research have been carried out focusing on mouse, touch and gestural input. While existing mid-air gestures in immersive VE (IVE) can offer natural manipulations, mimicking interactions with physical objects, they cannot achieve the same levels of precision attained with mouse-based applications for computer-aided design (CAD). Following prevailing trends in previous research, such as degrees-offreedom (DOF) separation, virtual widgets and scaled user motion, we intend to explore techniques for IVEs that combine the naturalness of mid-air gestures and the precision found in traditional CAD systems. In this document we survey and discuss the state-of-the-art in 3D object manipulation. With challenges identified, we present a research proposal and corresponding work plan.

negative: Invariant Visual Object and Face Recognition: Neural and Computational Bases, and a Model, VisNet Neurophysiological evidence for invariant representations of objects and faces in the primate inferior temporal visual cortex is described. Then a computational approach to how invariant representations are formed in the brain is described that builds on the neurophysiology. A feature hierarchy model in which invariant representations can be built by self-organizing learning based on the temporal and spatial statistics of the visual input produced by objects as they transform in the world is described. VisNet can use temporal continuity in an associative synaptic learning rule with a short-term memory trace, and/or it can use spatial continuity in continuous spatial transformation learning which does not require a temporal trace. The model of visual processing in the ventral cortical stream can build representations of objects that are invariant with respect to translation, view, size, and also lighting. The model has been extended to provide an account of invariant representations in the dorsal visual system of the global motion produced by objects such as looming, rotation, and object-based movement. The model has been extended to incorporate top-down feedback connections to model the control of attention by biased competition in, for example, spatial and object search tasks. The approach has also been extended to account for how the visual system can select single objects in complex visual scenes, and how multiple objects can be represented in a scene. The approach has also been extended to provide, with an additional layer, for the development of representations of spatial scenes of the type found in the hippocampus.

negative: Nerve entrapment syndromes as a cause of pain in the hip, groin and buttock. In sports medicine, chronic hip, groin and buttock pain is a common diagnostic problem. Because of the complex anatomy of this region and the many potential neurological causes for pain, few sports clinicians have a detailed understanding of this problem. This paper discusses the clinical aspects of nerve entrapment syndromes related to sport and takes a regional approach in order to provide a diagnostic framework for the general sports physician. The various neurological syndromes are discussed and the surgical management elaborated in detail. For some specific conditions, such as the so-called 'piriformis syndrome', the pathophysiological understanding has changed since the early descriptions and now this particular diagnosis is often ascribed to almost any cause of buttock and/or hamstring symptoms. We discuss the nature of the origin of local symptoms and note that the often described symptoms are more likely due to compression of structures other then the sciatic nerve. Furthermore, the role of piriformis hypertrophy or anatomical nerve variations in the genesis of this syndrome must be questioned. We suggest renaming this the 'deep gluteal syndrome' to account for all of the observed phenomena. As sports medicine continues to develop a scientific basis, the role of nerve entrapments as the basis for chronic symptomatology is undergoing a new understanding and clinicians need to be aware of the diagnostic possibilities and be able to advise patients accordingly on the basis of scientific fact not anecdotal fiction.

negative: On the use of words and n-grams for Chinese information retrieval In the processing of Chinese documents and queries in information retrieval (IR), one has to identify the units that are used as indexes. Words and n-grams have been used as indexes in several previous studies, which showed that both kinds of indexes lead to comparable IR performances. In this study, we carry out more experiments on different ways to segment documents and queries, and to combine words with n-grams. Our experiments show that a combination of the longest-matching algorithm with single characters is the best choice.

negative: Detecting topic evolution in scientific literature: how can citations help? Understanding how topics in scientific literature evolve is an interesting and important problem. Previous work simply models each paper as a bag of words and also considers the impact of authors. However, the impact of one document on another as captured by citations, one important inherent element in scientific literature, has not been considered. In this paper, we address the problem of understanding topic evolution by leveraging citations, and develop citation-aware approaches. We propose an iterative topic evolution learning framework by adapting the Latent Dirichlet Allocation model to the citation network and develop a novel inheritance topic model. We evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of our approaches and compare with the state of the art approaches on a large collection of more than 650,000 research papers in the last 16 years and the citation network enabled by CiteSeerX. The results clearly show that citations can help to understand topic evolution better.

negative: Team MIT Urban Challenge Technical Report This technical report describes Team MIT's approach to the DARPA Urban Challenge. We have developed a novel strategy for using many inexpensive sensors, mounted on the vehicle periphery, and calibrated with a new crossmodal calibration technique. Lidar, camera, and radar data streams are processed using an innovative, locally smooth state representation that provides robust perception for real time autonomous control. A resilient planning and control architecture has been developed for driving in traffic, comprised of an innovative combination of wellproven algorithms for mission planning, situational planning, situational interpretation, and trajectory control. These innovations are being incorporated in two new robotic vehicles equipped for autonomous driving in urban environments, with extensive testing on a DARPA site visit course. Experimental results demonstrate all basic navigation and some basic traffic behaviors, including unoccupied autonomous driving, lane following using purepursuit control and our local frame perception strategy, obstacle avoidance using kinodynamic RRT path planning, Uturns, and precedence evaluation amongst other cars at intersections using our situational interpreter. We are working to extend these approaches to advanced navigation and traffic scenarios. † Executive Summary This technical report describes Team MIT's approach to the DARPA Urban Challenge. We have developed a novel strategy for using many inexpensive sensors, mounted on the vehicle periphery, and calibrated with a new cross-modal calibration technique. Lidar, camera, and radar data streams are processed using an innovative, locally smooth state representation that provides robust perception for real-time autonomous control. A resilient planning and control architecture has been developed for driving in traffic, comprised of an innovative combination of well-proven algorithms for mission planning, situational planning, situational interpretation, and trajectory control. These innovations are being incorporated in two new robotic vehicles equipped for autonomous driving in urban environments, with extensive testing on a DARPA site visit course. Experimental results demonstrate all basic navigation and some basic traffic behaviors, including unoccupied autonomous driving, lane following using pure-pursuit control and our local frame perception strategy, obstacle avoidance using kino-dynamic RRT path planning, U-turns, and precedence evaluation amongst other cars at intersections using our situational interpreter. We are working to extend these approaches to advanced navigation and traffic scenarios. DISCLAIMER: The information contained in this paper does not represent the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) or the Department of Defense. DARPA does not guarantee the accuracy or reliability of the information in this paper. Additional support …

negative: Urban Physics : Effect of the micro-climate on comfort , health and energy demand Y-NC-ND license. Abstract The global trend towards urbanisation explains the growing interest in the study of the modification of the urban climate due to the heat island effect and global warming, and its impact on energy use of buildings. Also urban comfort, health and durability, referring respectively to pedestrian wind/ thermal comfort, pollutant dispersion and wind-driven rain are of interest. Urban Physics is a wellestablished discipline, incorporating relevant branches of physics, environmental chemistry, aerodynamics, meteorology and statistics. Therefore, Urban Physics is well positioned to provide keycontributions to the current urban problems and challenges. The present paper addresses the role of Urban Physics in the study of wind comfort, thermal comfort, energy demand, pollutant dispersion and wind-driven rain. Furthermore, the three major research methods applied in Urban Physics, namely field experiments, wind tunnel experiments and numerical simulations are discussed. Case studies illustrate the current challenges and the relevant contributions of Urban Physics. & 2012. Higher Education Press Limited Company. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license.

negative: A model-free mapless navigation method for mobile robot using reinforcement learning In this paper, a simple and efficient method is proposed using one of the basic reinforcement learning tool Q-learning. This method is to achieve the aim of mobile robot maples navigation with collision-free. Thus, an end-to-end navigation model is built, which uses lidar sensor massage as input and moving command of mobile robot as output, so as to simplify the process of environmental perception and decision making on action. Through simulation and experiments, its effectiveness is proved. After trained by this method, mobile robot can safely reach the navigation target in an unknown environment without any prior demonstration. In addition, an extensive quantitative and qualitative evaluation of this method is presented by the comparison with traditional path planning method based on foregone global environment map.

negative: Odin: Team VictorTango's entry in the DARPA Urban Challenge The DARPA Urban Challenge required robotic vehicles to travel more than 90 km through an urban environment without human intervention and included situations such as stop intersections, traffic merges, parking, and roadblocks. Team VictorTango separated the problem into three parts: base vehicle, perception, and planning. A Ford Escape outfitted with a custom drive-by-wire system and computers formed the basis for Odin. Perception used laser scanners, global positioning system, and a priori knowledge to identify obstacles, cars, and roads. Planning relied on a hybrid deliberative/reactive architecture to

negative: Finger Sleeve : A Wearable Navigation Device In this paper we present a novel wearable navigation system along with implicit HCI (iHCI) model, where interaction with technology is dissolved into a day-today activity. In this type of HCI model a computer takes the input and tries to output an action that is a proactive anticipation of next action of a user. Usually, in urban areas people use voice assisted navigation systems or navigation guidelines displayed on a mobile phone. Some navigation systems are already installed on car dashboard, which needs explicit attention in order to make driving decisions. A navigation system using haptic perception to guide a user throughout a journey is the key contribution of this paper. It does not ask for explicit user attention and demonstrates the indolent form of technological interaction. This wearable device is an index finger sleeve, which consists of vibrator modules, Bluetooth communication module and Microcontroller Unit (MCU). A working prototype has been built and tested.

negative: METRIC AND TOPO-GEOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF URBAN STREET NETWORKS : some convergences , divergences , and new results The theory of cities, which has grown out of the use of space syntax techniques in urban studies, proposes a curious mathematical duality: that urban space is locally metric but globally topo-geometric. Evidence for local metricity comes from such generic phenomena as grid intensification to reduce mean trip lengths in live centres, the fall of movement from attractors with metric distance, and the commonly observed decay of shopping with metric distance from an intersection. Evidence for global topo-geometry come from the fact that we need to utilise both the geometry and connectedness of the larger scale space network to arrive at configurational measures which optimally approximate movement patterns in the urban network. It might be conjectured that there is some threshold above which human being use some geometrical and topological representation of the urban grid rather than the sense of bodily distance to making movement decisions, but this is unknown. The discarding of metric properties in the large scale urban grid has, however, been controversial. Here we cast a new light on this duality. We show first some phenomena in which metric and topo-geometric measures of urban space converge and diverge, and in doing so clarify the relation between the metric and topo-geometric properties of urban spatial networks. We then show how metric measures can be used to create a new urban phenomenon: the partitioning of the background network of urban space into a network of semi-discrete patches by applying metric universal distance measures at different metric radii, suggesting a natural spatial area-isation of the city at all scales. On this basis we suggest a key clarification of the generic structure of cities: that metric universal distance captures exactly the formally and functionally local patchwork properties of the network, most notably the spatial differentiation of areas, while the top-geometric measures identifying the structure which overcomes locality and links the urban patchwork into a whole at different scales. Introduction: the dual urban network The theory of cities, which has grown out of the use of space syntax techniques in urban studies, proposes that urban street networks have a dual form: a foreground network of linked centres at all scales, and a background network of primarily residential space in which the foreground network is embedded. (Hillier 2001/2) The theory also notes a mathematical duality. On the one hand, measures which express the geometric and topological properties of the network at an extended scale, such as integration and choice measures in axial maps or segment angular maps, are needed to capture structure-function relations such as natural movement patterns (Hillier & Iida 2005). We can call these measures topo-geometric. On the other, at a more localised level, an understanding of structure-function relations often requires an account of metric properties – for example the generic, but usually local, phenomenon of grid intensification to reduce mean trip lengths in live centres (Siksna 1997, Hillier 1999), the fall of movement rates with metric distance from attractors, and the commonly observed decay of shopping with metric distance from an intersection. In terms of understanding structure-function relations. urban space seems to be globally topo-geometric but locally metric. Here we propose to link these two dualities in a more thorough-going way. We show first that the large scale foreground network of space in cities, in spite of the claims of critics (Ratti 2004), really is not metric. On the contrary, the substitution of metric for topo-geometric measures in the analysis, has catastrophic effects on the ability of syntax to account for structure-function relations at this scale. At the same time, topo-geometric measures turn out to capture some interesting metric properties of the larger scale urban network. But we then show that the background network of space really is metric in a much more general sense than has been thought, in that metric measures at different radii can be used to partition the background network of urban space into a patchwork of semi-discrete areas, suggesting a natural metric area-isation of cities at all scales as a function of the placing, shaping and scaling of urban blocks. On this basis we suggest a clarification of the dual structure of cities: that metric ‘universal distance’ (distance from all points to all others – Hillier 1996) measures can capture the spatial differentiation of the background urban network into a patchwork of local areas, while the topo-geometric measures identify the structures which overcomes locality and links the urban patchwork into a whole at different scales. The patchwork theory is in effect a theory of block size and shape, picking up the local distortions in urban space induced by the placing and shaping of physical structures. More generally, we can say that the local-to-global topo-geometric structure reflects the visual, and so non-local effects of placing blocks in space, while the patchwork structure reflects metric and so local effects. The patchwork theory extends and generalises the concept of grid intensification, meaning the reduction of block size to reduce mean distance from all points to all others in a space network. As shown in (Hillier 2000), holding total land coverage and travellable distance in free space constant, a grid in which smaller blocks are placed at the centre and larger blocks at the edge has lower mean distance from all points to all others in the space network than a regular grid, while if larger blocks are placed at the centre and smaller blocks at the edge, then the mean distance from all points to others in the space network is higher than in a regular grid. This follows from the partitioning theory set out in Chapter 8 of Space is the Machine. (Hillier 1996) In general in urban grids, live centres and sub-centres (‘live’ in the sense of having movement dependent uses such as retail and catering) tend to the grid intensified form to maximise the inter-accessibility of the facilities within in the centre, residential areas tend to larger block sizes, reflecting the need to restrain and structure movement in the image of a spatial culture, while the linkages between centres tend to an even larger block size again, an effect of the directional structuring of routes, so that the network of linked centres which dominate the spatial structure of cities tend to oscillate between a relatively large and relative small block size, with the residential background occupying the middle range. This block size pattern is explained more fully in (Hillier 2001/2). In this paper we: – First review the duality of urban space in three ways: geometrically to establish its empirical existence as a key dimension of urban form, functionally to show its implications in terms of movement and land use patterns, and syntactically to show the relations between the two. – We then explore some of the suggestions that have been made about reducing the distance between syntax and more traditional metric approaches, in particular by examining the suggestion of Ratti that we should add metric weightings to the main syntax measures. We show the consequences of these suggestions for any theory which seeks to identify functionally meaningful structures in urban space – We then suggest a general method for showing the metric effect on space of block placing and shaping, both visually and in terms of patterns in scattergrams, by showing theoretical cases – We then apply this method to some cities and show its ability to identify if not natural spatial areas then at least a natural periodicity in city networks through which they tend to a natural spatial area-isation at all scales, reflecting the ways in which we talks about urban areas and regions at different scales. Metric and geometric properties of the grid First, we consider the urban duality geometrically by looking sections of metropolitan Tokyo and London, shown in Figure 1. As shown in (Hillier 2001/2) and later formalised in (Carvalho & Penn 2004), we must first remind ourselves of the fractal nature of urban least line networks: all are made up at all scales, from the local area to the city regions, of a small number of long lines and a large number of short lines. But there is more to be said. Longer and shorter lines form different kinds of geometric patterns. If we look for patterns in the section of Tokyo, the first thing the eye notes are line continuities. What we are seeing in effect is sequence of lines linked at their ends by nearly straight intersections with other lines, forming a visually dominant pattern in the network. But in general, the lines forming these nearly straight continuities as Figueredo calls them (Figueredo 2003) are longer than other nearby lines. This has the effect that if we find a locally longer line it is likely that at either end it will lead to another to which it will be connected by a nearly straight connection, and these lines will in turn be similarly connected. Probabilistically, we can say the longer the line, the more likely it is to end in a nearly straight connection, and taken together these alignments form a network of multi-directional sequences. Intuitively, the value of these in navigating urban grids is obvious, but here, following (Hillier 1999) we are making a structural point. Figure 1: sections of the Tokyo and London street networks What then of the shorter lines ? Again, in spite of a highly variable geometry, we find certain consistencies. First, shorter lines tend to form clusters, so that in the vicinity of each longer line there will be several shorter lines. These localised groups tend to form more grid-like local patterns, with lines either passing through each other, or ending on other lines, at near right angles. We can say then that the shorter the line, the more likely it is to

negative: Global burden of cardiovascular diseases: part I: general considerations, the epidemiologic transition, risk factors, and impact of urbanization. This two-part article provides an overview of the global burden of atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease. Part I initially discusses the epidemiologic transition which has resulted in a decrease in deaths in childhood due to infections, with a concomitant increase in cardiovascular and other chronic diseases; and then provides estimates of the burden of cardiovascular (CV) diseases with specific focus on the developing countries. Next, we summarize key information on risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and indicate that their importance may have been underestimated. Then, we describe overarching factors influencing variations in CVD by ethnicity and region and the influence of urbanization. Part II of this article describes the burden of CV disease by specific region or ethnic group, the risk factors of importance, and possible strategies for prevention.


query: NFC Loop Antenna in Conjunction With the Lower Section of a Metal Cover

positive: NFC Antenna With Nonuniform Meandering Line and Partial Coverage Ferrite Sheet for Metal Cover Smartphone Applications This paper proposes a near-field communication (NFC) antenna solution for metal-cover smartphone applications. In this NFC antenna solution, a narrow slot is initially loaded into the metal cover, and the position of this slot can be altered (with flexibility) according to the design of the smartphone’s external appearance. Next, an unconventional six-turn coil (with a six-sided irregular hexagonal shape) is designed that has a nonuniform linewidth and a nonuniform line gap between two lines, and it is partially loaded with a rectangular ferrite composite. In this design, an enhanced magnetic line of forces can be realized in certain specific locations, and an excellent inductively coupled near-field receiver is achieved. Notably, this proposed NFC antenna can pass the tests required by NFC forum certification, and its performances are comparable with the traditional NFC antenna that has nonmetallic cover.

positive: Miniaturized NFC Antenna Design for a Tablet PC With a Narrow Border and Metal Back-Cover A novel structure of the near-field communication (NFC) antenna design for a tablet PC is proposed. This tablet PC has a narrow border and full metallic back-cover. A miniaturized loop antenna design is achieved by attaching ferrite sheets on both sides of the loop antenna. The ferrite sheets may reduce eddy currents induced on the adjacent metallic back-cover by the loop antenna to improve the communication range of the NFC. Only the edge of the tablet PC allows the antenna to radiate due to the full metallic back-cover. Thus, the NFC antenna needs to be narrow to be installed on the edge of the tablet PC. Therefore, we propose a miniaturized NFC antenna with the dimensions of 41.5 (L) × 7.5 (W) × 0.45 (T) mm3 only. Simulated magnetic field distributions are consistent with measured voltage distributions. This design has a good communication range more than 6 cm in front of the touchscreen panel and reaches 2 cm over the other side above the metal back-cover.

positive: A silver inkjet printed ferrite NFC antenna This paper presents a near field communication (NFC) antenna that is printed directly on a ferrite substrate using a silver inkjet printing process. Such a silver inkjet printed ferrite NFC antenna provides a minimum substrate thickness, a good operation on metal objects, and a small assembly effort. The NFC antenna performance is analysed by measurements based on the ISO/IEC standard 10373-6 for proximity identification cards test methods. For this, the antenna is connected to an NFC microchip. Measurements in a non-metal environment show that the ferrite antenna performs equally good a custom-built NFC antenna printed on photo paper substrate, despite additional losses in the ferrite substrate. In a metal environment the ferrite antenna clearly outperforms the photo paper antenna.

positive: NFC Antenna Design for Low-Permeability Ferromagnetic Material A novel structure of a near-field communication (NFC) antenna for a mobile handset is proposed by changing the sequence of loop winding and modifying the inner loop structure. In general, the sintered ferrite sheets with higher relative permeability (μr ≈ 200) have been used to reduce the performance deterioration of NFC antennas due to the eddy current in the battery pack of a mobile handset. However, their costs are high, and they are considerably breakable. In this letter, we effectively enhance the performance of an NFC antenna by employing the ferrite-polymer composite with lower relative permeability (μr ≈ 55). The proposed antenna improves up to 23% more reading range and up to 65% better load modulation performance.

positive: Material property of on-metal magnetic sheet attached on NFC/HF-RFID antenna and research of its proper pattern and size on When a payment system with NFC/HF-RFID is installed in smart-phone, their communication with 13.56MHz is blocked by such metal as battery, coil and PCB. To solve this problem, magnetic sheet with high permeability is set between NFC/HF-RFID antenna and near-by metal. So far thin compound magnetic sheet or thin sintered ferrite has been used. In order to make thickness of these materials thinner, we propose amorphous magnetic sheet. Besides this amorphous magnetic sheet causes to increase the transmission effect.

negative: On neural networks and learning systems for business computing

negative: Going wireless: behavior & practice of new mobile phone users We report on the results of a study in which 19 new mobile phone users were closely tracked for the first six weeks after service acquisition. Results show that new users tend to rapidly modify their perceptions of social appropriateness around mobile phone use, that actual nature of use frequently differs from what users initially predict, and that comprehension of service-oriented technologies can be problematic. We describe instances and features of mobile telephony practice. When in use, mobile phones occupy multiple social spaces simultaneously, spaces with norms that sometimes conflict: the physical space of the mobile phone user and the virtual space of the conversation.

negative: Evolution of Architectural Floor Plans Layout planning is a process of sizing and placing rooms (e.g. in a house) while attempting to optimize various criteria. Often there are conflicting criteria such as construction cost, minimizing the distance between related activities, and meeting the area requirements for these activities. The process of layout planning has mostly been done by hand, with a handful of attempts to automate the process. This thesis explores some of these past attempts and describes several new techniques for automating the layout planning process using evolutionary computation. These techniques are inspired by the existing methods, while adding some of their own innovations. Additional experiments are done to test the possibility of allowing polygonal exteriors with rectilinear interior walls. Several multi-objective approaches are used to evaluate and compare fitness. The evolutionary representation and requirements specification used provide great flexibility in problem scope and depth and is worthy of considering in future layout and design attempts. The system outlined in this thesis is capable of evolving a variety of floor plans conforming to functional and geometric specifications. Many of the resulting plans look reasonable even when compared to a professional floor plan. Additionally polygonal and multi-floor buildings were also generated.

negative: Overview of the TREC 2017 Real-Time Summarization Track Jimmy Lin, Adam Roegiest, Luchen Tan, Richard McCreadie, Ellen Voorhees, and Fernando Diaz 1 David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada 2 School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Scotland, the United Kingdom 3 National Institute for Standards and Technology, Maryland, USA 4 Microsoft Research, New York, USA {jimmylin, aroegies, luchen.tan}@uwaterloo.ca richard.mccreadie@glasgow.ac.uk, ellen.voorhees@nist.gov, fdiaz@microsoft.com

negative: Human-comfortable navigation for an autonomous robotic wheelchair Reliable autonomous navigation is an active research topic that has drawn the attention for decades, however, human factors such as navigational comfort has not received the same level of attention. This work proposes the concept of “comfortable map” and presents a navigation approach for autonomous passenger vehicles which in top of being safe and reliable is comfortable. In our approach we first extract information from users preference related to comfort while sitting on a robotic wheelchair under different conditions in an indoor corridor environment. Human-comfort factors are integrated to a geometric map generated by SLAM framework. Then a global planner computes a safe and comfortable path which is followed by the robotic wheelchair. Finally, an evaluation with 29 participants using a fully autonomous robotic wheelchair, showed that more than 90% of them found the proposed approach more comfortable than a shortest-path state of the art approach.

negative: An ant system based on moderate search for TSP Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithms often suffer from criticism for the local optimum and premature convergence. In order to overcome these inherent shortcomings shared by most ACO algorithms, we divide the ordinary ants into two types: the utilizationoriented ants and the exploration-oriented ants. The utilization-oriented ants focus on constructing solutions based on the learned experience like ants in many other ACO algorithms. On the other hand, inspired by the adaptive behaviors of some real-world Monomorium ant species who tend to select paths with moderate pheromone concentration, a novel search strategy, that is, a completely new transition rule is designed for the exploration-oriented ants to explore more unknown solutions. In addition, a new corresponding update strategy is also employed. Moreover, applying the new search strategy and update strategy, we propose an improved version of ACO algorithm— Moderate Ant System. This improved algorithm is experimentally turned out to be effective and competitive.

negative: A new ART-counterpropagation neural network for solving a forecasting problem This study presents a novel Adaptive resonance theory-Counterpropagation neural network (ART-CPN) for solving forecasting problems. The network is based on the ART concept and the CPN learning algorithm for constructing the neural network. The vigilance parameter is used to automatically generate the nodes of the cluster layer for the CPN learning process. This process improves the initial weight problem and the adaptive nodes of the cluster layer (Kohonen layer). ART-CPN involves real-time learning and is capable of developing a more stable and plastic prediction model of input patterns by self-organization. The advantages of ART-CPN include the ability to cluster, learn and construct the network model for forecasting problems. The network was applied to solve the real forecasting problems. The learning algorithm revealed better learning efficiency and good prediction performance. q 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

negative: Narrowband Internet of Things: Evolutions, Technologies, and Open Issues We are on the threshold of the explosive growth in the global Internet-of-Things (IoT) market. Comparing with the legacy human-centric applications, machine type communication scenarios exhibit totally different characteristics, such as low throughput, delay insensitivity, occasional transmission, and deep coverage. Meanwhile, it also requires the terminal devices to be cheap enough and sustain long battery life. These demands hasten the prosperity of low power wide area (LPWA) technologies. Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) is the newest Long Term Evolution (LTE) specification ratified by the third generation partner project as one of the LPWA solutions to achieve the objectives of super coverage, low power, low cost, and massive connection. Working in the licensed frequency band, it is designed to reuse and coexist with the existing LTE cellular networks, which endows it with outstanding advantages in decreasing network installation cost and minimizing product time-to-market. In this backdrop, it has been extensively regarded as one of the most promising technologies toward the IoT landscape. However, as a new LTE standard, there are still a lot of challenges that need to overcome. This paper surveys its evolutions, technologies, and issues, spanning from performance analysis, design optimization, combination with other leading technologies, to implementation and application. The goal is to deliver a holistic understanding for the emerging wireless communication system, in helping to spur further research in accelerating the broad use of NB-IoT.

negative: Search-Free DOD, DOA and Range Estimation for Bistatic FDA-MIMO Radar Frequency diverse array (FDA) is an emerging technology, the hybrid of FDA and multiple-input-multiple-output (FDA-MIMO) under monostatic scenarios has received much attention in recent years. However, little work have been done for bistatic FDA-MIMO radar. In this paper, we investigate strategies on estimating direction-of-departure (DOD), direction-of-arrival and range for bistatic FDA-MIMO radar. Our strategies have two aspects. First, nonlinear frequency increments including both subarray and random modes are employed to overcome the problem that the DOD and range parameters of FDA transmitting steering vectors are coupled. Second, in order to reduce the computational complexity associated with the 3-D spectral peak searching algorithms, estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique and parallel factor algorithms with their corresponding phase ambiguity resolving methods, are proposed for subarray and random modes, respectively. Both of the two algorithms perform well while the range parameter of targets satisfy a range constraint criterion. This criterion can also be used for designing frequency increments of bistatic FDA-MIMO radar. Additionally, the Cramér-Rao bound of bistatic FDA-MIMO radar and the algorithm performance analysis consist of identifiability and complexity are derived. All the proposed methods are verified by both theoretical analysis and numerical simulations. And satisfactory results are achieved.

negative: Yoga for anxiety: a systematic review of the research evidence. Between March and June 2004, a systematic review was carried out of the research evidence on the effectiveness of yoga for the treatment of anxiety and anxiety disorders. Eight studies were reviewed. They reported positive results, although there were many methodological inadequacies. Owing to the diversity of conditions treated and poor quality of most of the studies, it is not possible to say that yoga is effective in treating anxiety or anxiety disorders in general. However, there are encouraging results, particularly with obsessive compulsive disorder. Further well conducted research is necessary which may be most productive if focused on specific anxiety disorders.

negative: A fully portable robot system for cleaning solar panels Dust and dirt particles accumulating on PV panels decrease the solar energy reaching the cells, thereby reducing their overall power output. Hence, cleaning the PV panels is a problem of great practical engineering interest in solar PV power generation. In this paper, the problem is reviewed and methods for dust removal are discussed. A portable robotic cleaning device is developed and features a versatile platform which travels the entire length of a panel. An Arduino microcontroller is used to implement the robot's control system. Initial testing of the robot has provided favorable results and shows that such a system is viable. Future improvements on the design are discussed, especially the different methods of transporting the robot from one panel to another. In conclusion, it is found that robotic cleaning solution is practical and can help in maintaining the clean PV panel efficiency.

negative: Induction and molecular signature of pathogenic TH17 cells Interleukin 17 (IL-17)-producing helper T cells (TH17 cells) are often present at the sites of tissue inflammation in autoimmune diseases, which has led to the conclusion that TH17 cells are main drivers of autoimmune tissue injury. However, not all TH17 cells are pathogenic; in fact, TH17 cells generated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and IL-6 produce IL-17 but do not readily induce autoimmune disease without further exposure to IL-23. Here we found that the production of TGF-β3 by developing TH17 cells was dependent on IL-23, which together with IL-6 induced very pathogenic TH17 cells. Moreover, TGF-β3-induced TH17 cells were functionally and molecularly distinct from TGF-β1-induced TH17 cells and had a molecular signature that defined pathogenic effector TH17 cells in autoimmune disease.

negative: Look Deeper into Depth: Monocular Depth Estimation with Semantic Booster and Attention-Driven Loss Monocular depth estimation benefits greatly from learning based techniques. By studying the training data, we observe that the per-pixel depth values in existing datasets typically exhibit a long-tailed distribution. However, most previous approaches treat all the regions in the training data equally regardless of the imbalanced depth distribution, which restricts the model performance particularly on distant depth regions. In this paper, we investigate the long tail property and delve deeper into the distant depth regions (i.e. the tail part) to propose an attentiondriven loss for the network supervision. In addition, to better leverage the semantic information for monocular depth estimation, we propose a synergy network to automatically learn the information sharing strategies between the two tasks. With the proposed attention-driven loss and synergy network, the depth estimation and semantic labeling tasks can be mutually improved. Experiments on the challenging indoor dataset show that the proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on both monocular depth estimation and semantic labeling tasks.

negative:
Nutrition Therapy Recommendations for the Management of Adults With
Diabetes There is no standard meal plan or eating pattern that works universally for all people with diabetes. In order to be effective, nutrition therapy should be individualized for each patient/client based on his or her individual health goals; personal and cultural preferences; health literacy and numeracy; access to healthful choices; and readiness, willingness, and ability to change. Nutrition interventions should emphasize a variety of minimally processed nutrient dense foods in appropriate portion sizes as part of a healthful eating pattern and provide the individual with diabetes with practical tools for day-to-day food plan and behavior change that can be maintained over the long term.

negative: Impact Of Online Advertising On Consumer Attitudes And Interests Buy Online ( Survey On Students Of Internet Users In Makassar ) The rapid development of technology today makes Internet users continues to increase. This is supported by the ease of internet users access the internet either through a PC, laptop, mobile phones, tablets and other media. The increase in Internet users this makes the internet into a proper promotion using online advertising. With a wide reach and touch the various layers of the Internet media communities may be appropriate advice for company promotion. However, an increasing number of Internet users, especially in the city of Makassar is not accompanied by an increase in the number of online purchases. Based on that it is necessary to examine how the effect of online advertising on consumer buying behavior and online, as well as how to control the behavior and subjective norms influence the attitudes and interests of consumers buy online. This study aims to analyze and test the effect of online advertising on consumer attitudes and purchase interest online, a survey conducted on students of Internet users in the city of Makassar. The study was conducted on students of public and private universities in the city of Makassar. The method used was a quantitative analysis using the technique of purposive sampling method with a sample of 340 people. Testing this hypothesis using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results showed that online advertising has an influence on consumer buying behavior and online. Dimensions interactivity of online advertising provides the highest influence on the attitudes and interests of consumers purchasing online.

negative: Bernoulli Embeddings for Graphs Just as semantic hashing (Salakhutdinov and Hinton 2009) can accelerate information retrieval, binary valued embeddings can significantly reduce latency in the retrieval of graphical data. We introduce a simple but effective model for learning such binary vectors for nodes in a graph. By imagining the embeddings as independent coin flips of varying bias, continuous optimization techniques can be applied to the approximate expected loss. Embeddings optimized in this fashion consistently outperform the quantization of both spectral graph embeddings and various learned real-valued embeddings, on both ranking and pre-ranking tasks for a variety of datasets.

negative: Playful bottle: a mobile social persuasion system to motivate healthy water intake This study of mobile persuasion system explores the use of a mobile phone, when attached to an everyday object used by an everyday behavior, becomes a tool to sense and influence that behavior. This mobile persuasion system, called Playful Bottle system, makes use of a mobile phone attached to an everyday drinking mug and motivates office workers to drink healthy quantities of water. A camera and accelerometer sensors in the phone are used to build a vision/motion-based water intake tracker to detect the amount and regularity of water consumed by the user. Additionally, the phone includes hydration games in which natural drinking actions are used as game input. Two hydration games are developed: a single-user TreeGame with automated computer reminders and a multi-user ForestGame with computer-mediated social reminders from members of the group playing the game. Results from 7-week user study with 16 test subjects suggest that both hydration games are effective for encouraging adequate and regular water intake by users. Additionally, results of this study suggest that adding social reminders to the hydration game is more effective than system reminders alone.

negative: Working memory deficits in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): an examination of central executive and storage/rehearsal processes. The current study was the first to use a regression approach to examine the unique contributions of central executive (CE) and storage/rehearsal processes to working memory (WM) deficits in adults with ADHD. Thirty-seven adults (ADHD = 21, HC = 16) completed phonological (PH) and visuospatial (VS) working memory tasks. While both groups performed significantly better during the PH task relative to the VS task, adults with ADHD exhibited significant deficits across both working memory modalities. Further, the ADHD group recalled disproportionately fewer PH and VS stimuli as set-size demands increased. Overall, the CE and PH storage/rehearsal processes of adults with ADHD were both significantly impaired relative to those of the healthy control adults; however, the magnitude of the CE effect size was much smaller compared to previous studies of children with the disorder. Collectively, results provide support for a lifelong trajectory of WM deficits in ADHD.

negative: Design of Organic TFT Pixel Electrode Circuit for Active-Matrix OLED Displays A new current-programming pixel circuit for active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AM-OLED) displays, composed of four organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) and one capacitor, has been designed, simulated and evaluated. The most critical issue in realizing AMOLED displays with OTFTs is the variation and aging of the driving-TFTs and degradation of OLEDs. This can cause image sticking or degradation of image quality. These problems require compensation methods for high-quality display applications, and pixel level approach is considered to be one of the most important factors for improving display image quality. Our design shows that the current OLED and OTFT technology can be implemented for AMOLED displays, compensating the degradation of OTFT device characteristics.

negative: Deep Optical Flow Estimation Via Multi-Scale Correspondence Structure Learning As an important and challenging problem in computer vision, learning based optical flow estimation aims to discover the intrinsic correspondence structure between two adjacent video frames through statistical learning. Therefore, a key issue to solve in this area is how to effectively model the multi-scale correspondence structure properties in an adaptive end-to-end learning fashion. Motivated by this observation, we propose an endto-end multi-scale correspondence structure learning (MSCSL) approach for optical flow estimation. In principle, the proposed MSCSL approach is capable of effectively capturing the multi-scale inter-image-correlation correspondence structures within a multi-level feature space from deep learning. Moreover, the proposed MSCSL approach builds a spatial Conv-GRU neural network model to adaptively model the intrinsic dependency relationships among these multi-scale correspondence structures. Finally, the above procedures for correspondence structure learning and multi-scale dependency modeling are implemented in a unified end-to-end deep learning framework. Experimental results on several benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

negative: Unsupervised Pattern Discovery in Speech We present a novel approach to speech processing based on the principle of pattern discovery. Our work represents a departure from traditional models of speech recognition, where the end goal is to classify speech into categories defined by a prespecified inventory of lexical units (i.e., phones or words). Instead, we attempt to discover such an inventory in an unsupervised manner by exploiting the structure of repeating patterns within the speech signal. We show how pattern discovery can be used to automatically acquire lexical entities directly from an untranscribed audio stream. Our approach to unsupervised word acquisition utilizes a segmental variant of a widely used dynamic programming technique, which allows us to find matching acoustic patterns between spoken utterances. By aggregating information about these matching patterns across audio streams, we demonstrate how to group similar acoustic sequences together to form clusters corresponding to lexical entities such as words and short multiword phrases. On a corpus of academic lecture material, we demonstrate that clusters found using this technique exhibit high purity and that many of the corresponding lexical identities are relevant to the underlying audio stream.

negative: Perspectives and Visions of Computer Science Education in Primary and Secondary (K-12) Schools In view of the recent developments in many countries, for example, in the USA and in the UK, it appears that computer science education (CSE) in primary or secondary schools (K-12) has reached a significant turning point, shifting its focus from ICT-oriented to rigorous computer science concepts. The goal of this special issue is to offer a publication platform for soundly based in-depth experiences that have been made around the world with concepts, approaches, or initiatives that aim at supporting this shift. For this purpose, the article format was kept as large as possible, enabling the authors to explain many facets of their concepts and experiences in detail. Regarding the structure of the articles, we had encouraged the authors to lean on the Darmstadt Model, a category system that was developed to support the development, improvement, and investigation of K-12 CSE across regional or national boundaries. This model could serve as a unifying framework that might provide a proper structure for a well-founded critical discussion about the future of K-12 CSE. Curriculum designers or policy stakeholders, who have to decide, which approach an upcoming national initiative should follow, could benefit from this discussion as well as researchers who are investigating K12 CSE in any regard. With this goal in mind, we have selected six extensive and two short case studies from the UK, New Zealand, USA/Israel, France, Sweden, Georgia (USA), Russia, and Italy that provide an in-depth analysis of K-12 CSE in their respective country or state.

negative: Harvesting Multiple Views for Marker-Less 3D Human Pose Annotations Recent advances with Convolutional Networks (ConvNets) have shifted the bottleneck for many computer vision tasks to annotated data collection. In this paper, we present a geometry-driven approach to automatically collect annotations for human pose prediction tasks. Starting from a generic ConvNet for 2D human pose, and assuming a multi-view setup, we describe an automatic way to collect accurate 3D human pose annotations. We capitalize on constraints offered by the 3D geometry of the camera setup and the 3D structure of the human body to probabilistically combine per view 2D ConvNet predictions into a globally optimal 3D pose. This 3D pose is used as the basis for harvesting annotations. The benefit of the annotations produced automatically with our approach is demonstrated in two challenging settings: (i) fine-tuning a generic ConvNet-based 2D pose predictor to capture the discriminative aspects of a subjects appearance (i.e.,personalization), and (ii) training a ConvNet from scratch for single view 3D human pose prediction without leveraging 3D pose groundtruth. The proposed multi-view pose estimator achieves state-of-the-art results on standard benchmarks, demonstrating the effectiveness of our method in exploiting the available multi-view information.

negative: Design and development of a mobile crawling robot with novel halbach array based magnetic wheels Higher efficiency and the safety of hull inspection can be achieved by replacing the conventional methods with modern crawling robots. This paper consists of detailed study of the design and development of a crawling robot with a novel permanent magnetic wheel based on Halbach magnetic array. The magnetic array and the wheel assembly were designed based on the magnetic simulation results. Maintaining the adequate adhesion force as well as the friction force of the wheels were considered in designing the wheels. The crawling robot is equipped with a steering system based on Ackermann steering method hence the steering angles are controlled by an algorithm and actuated using servo motors. The driving system of the robot is equipped with four geared stepper motors and they are controlled separately by the algorithm according to the inputs of the controller. The control architecture and the components used for the robot control system are explained. The operator can remotely control the robot and inspect the hull surface via the camera feed available in the HMI (Human Machine Interface) of the robot. The prototype of the crawling robot was tested in a similar environment and the test results are included in the paper.

negative: Security as a Service Model for Cloud Environment Cloud computing is becoming increasingly important for provision of services and storage of data in the Internet. However there are several significant challenges in securing cloud infrastructures from different types of attacks. The focus of this paper is on the security services that a cloud provider can offer as part of its infrastructure to its customers (tenants) to counteract these attacks. Our main contribution is a security architecture that provides a flexible security as a service model that a cloud provider can offer to its tenants and customers of its tenants. Our security as a service model while offering a baseline security to the provider to protect its own cloud infrastructure also provides flexibility to tenants to have additional security functionalities that suit their security requirements. The paper describes the design of the security architecture and discusses how different types of attacks are counteracted by the proposed architecture. We have implemented the security architecture and the paper discusses analysis and performance evaluation results.

negative: A Dual-Loop Antenna Design for Hepta-Band WWAN/LTE Metal-Rimmed Smartphone Applications A simple direct-fed dual-loop antenna capable of providing hepta-band WWAN/LTE operation under surroundings of an unbroken metal rim in smartphone applications is proposed. The greatest highlight of this proposed antenna is that it provides a simple and effective multiband antenna solution for an unbroken metal-rimmed smartphone. The unbroken metal rim with 5 mm in height embraces the system circuit board of 130 × 70 mm2. Two no-ground portions of 10 × 70 mm2 and 5 × 70 mm2 are set on the top and bottom edge of the system circuit board, respectively. In-between the two separate no-ground portions, there is a system ground of 115 × 70 mm2 connected with the unbroken metal rim via a small grounded patch which divides the unbroken metal rim into two strips. Finally, a dual-loop antenna is formed by combining the inner system ground and two strips. This proposed dual-loop antenna is capable of covering GSM850/900/DCS/PCS/UMTS2100/LTE 2300/2500 operating bands. Detailed design considerations of the proposed antenna are described and both experimental and simulation results are also presented and discussed.

negative: Dual-Resonance NFC Antenna System Based on NFC Chip Antenna In this letter, to enhance the performance of the near-field communication (NFC) antenna, an antenna system that has dual resonance is proposed. The antenna is based on NFC chip antenna, and the dual resonance comes from the chip antenna itself, the eddy current on printed circuit board, and a nearby loop that has strong coupling with the chip antenna. The performance of the proposed antenna system is confirmed by measurement.

negative: A novel booster antenna on flexible substrates for metal proximity NFC applications In this article a novel booster antenna is proposed in order to increase the read range of a small (1.1×10-4 m2) metal mounted HF (13.56 MHz) RFID. The highly inductive coupling between the reader and booster, and between the RFID and booster is the main propagation method. The communication between the reader and RFID realized through the booster antenna. For this purpose two coils are connected in parallel to each other resonating at the same frequency. The greater coil is coupled to the reader antenna and the smaller coil is coupled to the RFID. The simulation and measurement results show the reliability of the proposed structure.

negative: Eight-Band Antenna With A Small Ground Clearance for LTE Metal-Frame Mobile Phone Applications This letter presents a compact eight-band monopole antenna whose size is 70 mm × 7 mm × 6 mm for LTE metal-frame mobile phones. The mainly radiating part of the proposed antenna is the metal frame. There are three gaps with the same size of 1 mm in the frame, and these gaps divide the antenna into two parts. Besides, a match circuit is used to enlarge the bandwidth and make the lower band matched. The advantage of the proposed antenna is that eight bands can be covered with a metal frame under the condition of only a 7 mm ground clearance. A prototype is manufactured and tested. The measured –6 dB impedance bandwidths are 375 MHz (0.675–1.05 GHz) and 1.2 GHz (1.6–2.8 GHz). The LTE700, GSM850, GSM900, GSM1800, GSM1900, UMTS, LTE2300, and LTE2500 bands are covered. The measured efficiencies are 52.7%–78.7% at the lower band and 45.6%–81% at the higher band. The measured gains are 0–2.1 dBi at the lower band and 1.6–3.6 dBi at the higher band.

negative: A Low Radar Cross Section and Low Profile Antenna Co-Designed With Absorbent Frequency Selective Radome A low radar cross section (RCS) and low profile antenna co-designed with absorbent frequency selective radome (AFSR) is investigated. A pair of circular slot resonators is embedded on surface of the AFSR to realize a transmission window in the vertical polarization, while the wide absorption band is still maintained in the horizontal polarization. When a patch antenna is etched within the AFSR, where the metal grounds of the patch antenna and AFSR are co-used, the co-designed antenna with low RCS and low profile is thus realized. For demonstration, an AFSR is designed with its transmission window has a minimal insertion loss of 0.45 dB at 8.9 GHz, and two separate absorption bands (a lower absorption band from 4.8 to 7.5 GHz and an upper absorption band from 10 to 13 GHz) in the vertical polarization, a wide absorption band (from 4.5 to 12.5 GHz) in the horizontal polarization. A patch antenna etched within the AFSR is optimized to operate at 8.9 GHz, then it is simulated and fabricated. The measured results demonstrate that the proposed antenna not only has good radiation patterns, but also obtains significant RCS reduction.

negative: INTERNAL COMPACT PRINTED LOOP ANTENNA WITH MATCHING ELEMENT FOR LAPTOP APPLICATIONS An internal compact printed loop antenna with matching element is presented for laptop applications. Bending to the printed loop structure is employed to reduce the size of antenna. A matching element is used at backside of the substrate to enhance the bandwidth of the antenna. The matching element is of rectangular shape with inverted U shape slot in it. The proposed antenna with wideband characteristics covers GSM900, GSM1900, UMTS, LTE2300, WLAN, WiMAX 3.3/3.5/3.7 bands and is suitable for laptop applications. The antenna structure is simulated using IE3D software. Keywordsbended; multiband antenna; printed loop antenna; tablet; wideband antenna.

negative: Small-Size Hybrid Loop/Open-Slot Antenna for the LTE Smartphone A small-size hybrid loop/open-slot antenna for the LTE smartphone is presented. The antenna is disposed in a small notch of 7 × 40 mm2 in the system ground plane of the smartphone and has a thickness of 5.8 mm to be capable of embedding within most modern smartphones. The antenna mainly comprises a capacitively fed loop antenna and a ground strip embedded therein to create an open-slot antenna so as to generate additional resonant modes for bandwidth enhancement. The antenna can provide two wide operating bands to cover the LTE low band (698-960 MHz) and the LTE middle/high bands (1710-2690/3400-3800 MHz). In this study, the creation of the open-slot antenna using a ground strip embedded in the ground clearance region for the coupled-fed loop antenna is addressed. The proposed antenna is also fabricated and tested. Both the simulation study and the experimental results are presented.