query: Cloud-Based NoSQL Data Migration

positive: NoSQL Systems for Big Data Management The advent of Big Data created a need for out-of-the-box horizontal scalability for data management systems. This ushered in an array of choices for Big Data management under the umbrella term NoSQL. In this paper, we provide a taxonomy and unified perspective on NoSQL systems. Using this perspective, we compare and contrast various NoSQL systems using multiple facets including system architecture, data model, query language, client API, scalability, and availability. We group current NoSQL systems into seven broad categories: Key-Value, Table-type/Column, Document, Graph, Native XML, Native Object, and Hybrid databases. We also describe application scenarios for each category to help the reader in choosing an appropriate NoSQL system for a given application. We conclude the paper by indicating future research directions.

positive: Interoperable Data Migration between NoSQL Columnar Databases NoSQL databases have emerged as the solution to handle large quantities of user-generated contents still guaranteeing fault tolerance, availability and scalability. Each NoSQL database offers differentiated properties and characteristics as well as different data models and architectures. As a result, the development of applications exploiting such kind of technology is strictly dependent on the specific NoSQL solution being adopted, and the migration from a NoSQL to the other requires the development of ad-hoc code managing the transfer of data. In order to mitigate such issue, this paper proposes an interoperable migration system for columnar NoSQL databases. The proposed approach is based on an orginal Metamodel, capable of preserving both strong and weak consistency between data updates, secondary indexes and various data types. Moreover, the approach allows developers to easily add support for new databases.

positive:
Dynamo: amazon's highly available key-value store Reliability at massive scale is one of the biggest challenges we face at Amazon.com, one of the largest e-commerce operations in the world; even the slightest outage has significant financial consequences and impacts customer trust. The Amazon.com platform, which provides services for many web sites worldwide, is implemented on top of an infrastructure of tens of thousands of servers and network components located in many datacenters around the world. At this scale, small and large components fail continuously and the way persistent state is managed in the face of these failures drives the reliability and scalability of the software systems.
 This paper presents the design and implementation of Dynamo, a highly available key-value storage system that some of Amazon's core services use to provide an "always-on" experience. To achieve this level of availability, Dynamo sacrifices consistency under certain failure scenarios. It makes extensive use of object versioning and application-assisted conflict resolution in a manner that provides a novel interface for developers to use.

positive: SEQUEL: A Structured English Query Language In this paper we present the data manipulation facility for a structured English query language (SEQUEL) which can be used for accessing data in an integrated relational data base. Without resorting to the concepts of bound variables and quantifiers SEQUEL identifies a set of simple operations on tabular structures, which can be shown to be of equivalent power to the first order predicate calculus. A SEQUEL user is presented with a consistent set of keyword English templates which reflect how people use tables to obtain information. Moreover, the SEQUEL user is able to compose these basic templates in a structured manner in order to form more complex queries. SEQUEL is intended as a data base sublanguage for both the professional programmer and the more infrequent data base user.

positive: CAP twelve years later: How the "rules" have changed The CAP theorem asserts that any networked shared-data system can have only two of three desirable properties. However, by explicitly handling partitions, designers can optimize consistency and availability, thereby achieving some trade-off of all three. The featured Web extra is a podcast from Software Engineering Radio, in which the host interviews Dwight Merriman about the emerging NoSQL movement, the three types of nonrelational data stores, Brewer's CAP theorem, and much more.

negative: Clause Restructuring for Statistical Machine Translation We describe a method for incorporating syntactic information in statistical machine translation systems. The first step of the method is to parse the source language string that is being translated. The second step is to apply a series of transformations to the parse tree, effectively reordering the surface string on the source language side of the translation system. The goal of this step is to recover an underlying word order that is closer to the target language word-order than the original string. The reordering approach is applied as a pre-processing step in both the training and decoding phases of a phrase-based statistical MT system. We describe experiments on translation from German to English, showing an improvement from 25.2% Bleu score for a baseline system to 26.8% Bleu score for the system with reordering, a statistically significant improvement.

negative: Research Methods in Computer Science: The Challenges and Issues Research methods are essential parts in conducting any research project. Although they have been theorized and summarized based on best practices, every field of science requires an adaptation of the overall approaches to perform research activities. In addition, any specific research needs a particular adjustment to the generalized approach and specializing them to suit the project in hand. However, unlike most well-established science disciplines, computing research is not supported by well-defined, globally accepted methods. This is because of its infancy and ambiguity in its definition, on one hand, and its extensive coverage and overlap with other fields, on the other hand. This article discusses the research methods in science and engineering in general and in computing in particular. It shows that despite several special parameters that make research in computing rather unique, it still follows the same steps that any other scientific research would do. The article also shows the particularities that researchers need to consider when they conduct research in this field.

negative: Abiotic and Biotic Stress Responses in Solanum tuberosum Group Phureja DM1-3 516 R44 as Measured through Whole Transcriptome Sequencing This study conducted an in-depth analysis of the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) transcriptome in response to abiotic (salinity, drought, and heat) and biotic (Phytophthora infestans, DL-b amino-n-butyric acid, and acibenzolar-s-methyl) stresses and plant hormone treatment (abscisic acid, 6-benzylaminopurine, gibberellic acid, and indole-3-acetic acid) using ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-seq) of the doubled monoploid S. tuberosum Group Phureja DM1-3 516 R44 clone. Extensive changes in gene expression were observed with 37% of the expressed genes being differentially expressed in at least one comparison of stress to control tissue. Stress-inducible genes known to function in stress tolerance or to be involved in the regulation of gene expression were among the highest differentially expressed. Members of the MYB, APETALA2 (AP2)/ethylene-responsive element binding factor (ERF), and NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2 (NAC) transcription factor families were the most represented regulatory genes. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis yielded 37 co-expression modules containing 9198 genes. Fifty percent of the genes within these co-expression modules were specific to a stress condition indicating conditionspecific responses. Cross-species comparison between potato and Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. uncovered differentially expressed orthologs and defined evolutionary conserved genes. Collectively, the transcriptional profiling of RNA-seq data presented here provide a valuable reference for potato stress responses to environmental factors that is supported by statistically significant differences in expression changes, highly interconnected genes in co-expression networks, and evidence of evolutionary conservation. Plants growing in natural habitats are exposed to multiple environmental stresses resulting from abiotic and biotic factors. Adaptation and response to these stresses is highly complex and involve changes at the molecular, cellular, and physiological levels. Abiotic stress factors such as heat, drought, and salinity have a significant impact on cultivated potato, affecting yield, tuber quality, and market value (Wang-Pruski and Schofield, 2012). Water availability is by far the most important limiting factor in crop production. Potato plants use water relatively efficiently; however, due in part to its sparse and shallow root system, potato is considered a drought-sensitive crop (Yuan et al., 2003). Salinity is another serious threat to crop production that may increase under anticipated climate change scenarios (Yeo, 1998). Although potatoes are considered moderately salt sensitive (Katerji et al., 2000), significant variations in salt tolerance exist among Solanum tuberosum cultivars and wild Solanum species (Khrais et al., 1998). Furthermore, potato responses to salt stress are related to the responses of other abiotic stresses, as revealed by microarray analysis of leaf responses to cold and salt Published in The Plant Genome 6 doi: 10.3835/plantgenome2013.05.0014 © Crop Science Society of America 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA An open-access publication All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher. Dep. of Plant Biology, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI 48824. Received 17 May 2013. *Corresponding author (buell@

negative: G2G interaction among local agencies in developing countries based on diffusion of innovations theory Technological advancement has allowed governments to meet the demands of its citizens electronically. Electronic government (e-Government) facilitates accurate and fast transactions and delivery of services and information to businesses, citizens, and government agencies. Moreover, e-Government helps enhance democracy. Agencies interact with one another electronically through the e-Government, which enhances efficiency. e-Government utilizes information and communication technology to provide the public access to various services. Leaders and information technology executives in the public sector have recognized the importance of sharing inter-organizational information to improve the efficiency of government agencies. Therefore, this study takes the diffusion of innovations theory as context to identify the most important factor affecting the electronic interaction between local agencies in developing countries.

negative: A Kinect-Based Wearable Face Recognition System to Aid Visually Impaired Users In this paper, we introduce a real-time face recognition (and announcement) system targeted at aiding the blind and low-vision people. The system uses a Microsoft Kinect sensor as a wearable device, performs face detection, and uses temporal coherence along with a simple biometric procedure to generate a sound associated with the identified person, virtualized at his/her estimated 3-D location. Our approach uses a variation of the K-nearest neighbors algorithm over histogram of oriented gradient descriptors dimensionally reduced by principal component analysis. The results show that our approach, on average, outperforms traditional face recognition methods while requiring much less computational resources (memory, processing power, and battery life) when compared with existing techniques in the literature, deeming it suitable for the wearable hardware constraints. We also show the performance of the system in the dark, using depth-only information acquired with Kinect's infrared camera. The validation uses a new dataset available for download, with 600 videos of 30 people, containing variation of illumination, background, and movement patterns. Experiments with existing datasets in the literature are also considered. Finally, we conducted user experience evaluations on both blindfolded and visually impaired users, showing encouraging results.

negative: On the statistics of natural stochastic textures and their application in image processing Statistics of natural images has become an important subject of research in recent years. The highly kurtotic, non-Gaussian, statistics known to be characteristic of many natural images are exploited in various image processing tasks. In this paper, we focus on natural stochastic textures (NST) and substantiate our finding that NST have Gaussian statistics. Using the well-known statistical self-similarity property of natural images, exhibited even more profoundly in NST, we exploit a Gaussian self-similar process known as the fractional Brownian motion, to derive a fBm-PDE-based singleimage superresolution scheme for textured images. Using the same process as a prior, we also apply it in denoising of NST.

negative: Efficient region search for object detection We propose a branch-and-cut strategy for efficient region-based object detection. Given an oversegmented image, our method determines the subset of spatially contiguous regions whose collective features will maximize a classifier's score. We formulate the objective as an instance of the prize-collecting Steiner tree problem, and show that for a family of additive classifiers this enables fast search for the optimal object region via a branch-and-cut algorithm. Unlike existing branch-and-bounddetection methods designed for bounding boxes, our approach allows scoring of irregular shapes — which is especially critical for objects that do not conform to a rectangular window. We provide results on three challenging object detection datasets, and demonstrate the advantage of rapidly seeking best-scoring regions rather than subwindow rectangles.

negative: Agent based Architecture for Modeling and Analysis of Self Adaptive Systems using Formal Methods Self-adaptive systems (SAS) can modify their behavior during execution; this modification is done because of change in internal or external environment. The need for selfadaptive software systems has increased tremendously in last decade due to ever changing user requirements, improvement in technology and need for building software that reacts to user preferences. To build this type of software we need well establish models that have the flexibility to adjust to the new requirements and make sure that the adaptation is efficient and reliable. Feedback loop has proven to be very effective in modeling and developing SAS, these loops help the system to sense, analyze, plan, test and execute the adaptive behavior at runtime. Formal methods are well defined, rigorous and reliable mathematical techniques that can be effectively used to reason and specify behavior of SAS at design and run-time. Agents can play an important role in modeling SAS because they can work independently, with other agents and with environment as well. Using agents to perform individual steps in feedback loop and formalizing these agents using Petri nets will not only increase the reliability, but also, the adaptation can be performed efficiently for taking decisions at run time with increased confidence. In this paper, we propose a multi-agent framework to model self-adaptive systems using agent based modeling. This framework will help the researchers in implementation of SAS, which is more dependable, reliable, autonomic and flexible because of use of multi-agent based formal approach. Keywords—Formal methods; self-adaptive systems; agent based modeling; feedback loop; Petri nets

negative: The adoption of hyped technologies: a qualitative study The introduction of new consumer technology is often greeted with declarations that the way people conduct their lives will be changed instantly. In some cases, this might create hype surrounding a specific technology. This article investigates the adoption of hyped technology, a special case that is absent in the adoption literature. The study employs a consumer research perspective, specifically the theory of consumption values (TCV), to understand the underlying motives for adopting the technology. In its original form, TCV entails five values that influence consumer behavior: functional, social, epistemic, emotional and conditional. The values catch the intrinsic and extrinsic motives influencing behavior. Using a qualitative approach that includes three focus groups and 60 one-on-one interviews, the results of the study show that emotional, epistemic and social values influence the adoption of hyped technologies. Contrary to expectations, functional value, which is similar to the widely used information system constructs of perceived usefulness and relative advantage, has little impact on the adoption of technologies that are surrounded with significant hype. Using the findings of the study, this article proposes a model for investigating and understanding the adoption of hyped technologies. This article contributes to the literature by (1) focusing on the phenomenon of hyped technology, (2) introducing TCV, a consumer research-based theoretical framework, to enhance the understanding of technology adoption, and (3) proposing a parsimonious model explaining the adoption of hyped technology.

negative: Turing Patterns in Memristive Cellular Nonlinear Networks The formation of ordered structures, in particular Turing patterns, in complex spatially extended systems has been observed in many different contexts, spanning from natural sciences (chemistry, physics, and biology) to technology (mechanics and electronics). In this paper, it is shown that the use of memristors in a simple cell of a spatially-extended circuit architecture allows us to design systems able to generate Turing patterns. In addition, the memristor parameters play a key role in the selection of the type and characteristics of the emerging pattern, which is also influenced by the initial conditions. The problem of finding the regions of parameters where Turing patterns may emerge in the proposed cellular architecture is solved in an analytic way, and numerical results are shown to illustrate the system behavior with respect to its parameters.

negative: Development of folded dual-polarization dividers for broadband ortho-mode transducers A waveguide divider with folded lateral arms is presented for separating dual orthogonal linear polarizations in broadband ortho-mode transducers. The structure is based on a well-known double symmetry junction, where the metallic pins have been eliminated and the lateral outputs have been folded to achieve a combined effect: matching for the vertical polarization and a very significant size reduction. In addition, since the path for the lateral branches has been reduced, the insertion losses for the different polarizations are balanced. The isolation between orthogonal polarizations is kept because of the double-symmetry of the junction. From the mechanical point of view, the proposed junction allows a more simple manufacture and assembly of the ortho-mode transducer parts, which has been shown with a Ku-band design, covering the full Ku-band from 12.6 to 18.25 GHz. The experimental prototype has demonstrated a measured return loss better than 28 dB in the design band and insertion loss smaller than 0.15 dB for both polarizations.

negative: Real-time wireless communication with per-packet deadlines The last decades’ tremendous advances in wireless communications have been driven mainly by personal communications. Radio resource allocation mechanisms for optimizing key metrics, such as average throughput and delay, for such traffic are by now rather well-developed. However, with the increased interest in wireless machine-to-machine communication, e.g. for industrial control or monitoring of large-scale infrastructures, new challenges emerge. The performance of an estimator or closed-loop control system that operates over an unreliable wireless network depends on the full latency and loss distributions and not only on their averages. For these applications, more suitable performance metrics are per-packet guarantees on latency and reliability (on-time delivery). This thesis studies optimal forwarding of deadline-constrained traffic over lossy multi-hop networks. We assume a routing topology in the form of a directed graph with packet loss on links described by finite-state Markov chains, and focus on a single transient packet scenario. Two problems are considered: maximizing the probability that packets are delivered within their specified deadline; and minimizing the expected energy cost with a guaranteed probability of on-time delivery. The first problem can be formulated as a finite-horizon Markov decision process (MDP), while the second problem is a finite-horizon constrained Markov decision process (CMDP). A general dynamic programming framework that solves a weighted sum of reliability and energy maximization problem is proposed. The maximum deadline-constrained reliability problem is solved by studying a simplification of the general dynamic programming. The minimum energy optimal policy is a random selection between two deterministic and computable forwarding policies, each of which can be found via a dynamic programming framework. Particular instances with Bernoulli and Gilbert-Elliot loss models that admit numerically efficient solutions are discussed. Finally, we show the application of the technique for a co-design of forwarding policies and controller for wireless control. Based on the recent result on the monotonicity of the optimal control loss, the problem of minimum control loss and the problem of minimum energy cost with a guaranteed control performance can be solved optimally.

negative: Numerical methods for least square problems

negative: Analysis and Control of Multiphase Inductively Coupled Resonant Converter for Wireless Electric Vehicle Charger Applications In this paper, an inductively coupled multiphase resonant converter is presented for wireless electric vehicle charging applications. As an alternative to the traditional frequency and phase shift control methods, a hybrid phase-frequency control strategy is implemented to improve the system efficiency. A theoretical analysis of the proposed system is carried out considering a wide battery state-of-charging range. In order to confirm the proposed converter and control technique, a laboratory prototype wireless charger is designed using 8-in air-gap coreless transformer and rectifier. The proposed control is compared with the conventional control methods for various load conditions at the different power levels. In comparison results, the proposed hybrid control methodology demonstrates the efficiency improvements of 1.1% at the heaviest load condition and 5.7% at the lightest load condition.

negative: Arduino-based smart irrigation using water flow sensor, soil moisture sensor, temperature sensor and ESP8266 WiFi module Emergence of Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) ranging from computer controlled water irrigation system to lightning and ventilation has changed the conventional scenario of farming. This paper proposes and demonstrate an economical and easy to use arduino based controlled irrigation system. The designed system deals with various environmental factors such as moisture, temperature and amount of water required by the crops using sensors like water flow sensor, temperature sensor and soil moisture sensor. Datas are collected and received by arduino which can be linked to an interactive website which show the real time values along with the standard values of different factor required by a crop. This allows user to control irrigation pumps and sprinklers from far distance through a website and to meet the standard values which would help the farmer to yield maximum and quality crops. Studies conducted on laboratory prototype suggested the designed system to be applicable which can be implemented.

negative: Methods for the prevention, detection and removal of software security vulnerabilities Over the past decade, the need to build secure software has become a dominant goal in software development. Consequently, software researchers and practitioners have identified ways that malicious users can exploit software and how developers can fix the vulnerabilities. They have also built a variety of source code security checking software applications to partially automate the task of performing a security analysis of a program. Although great advances have been made in this area, the core problem of how the security vulnerabilities occur still exists. An answer to this problem could be a paradigm shift from imperative to functional programming techniques. This may hold the key to removing software vulnerabilities altogether.

negative: Neurocognitive Architecture of Working Memory A crucial role for working memory in temporary information processing and guidance of complex behavior has been recognized for many decades. There is emerging consensus that working-memory maintenance results from the interactions among long-term memory representations and basic processes, including attention, that are instantiated as reentrant loops between frontal and posterior cortical areas, as well as sub-cortical structures. The nature of such interactions can account for capacity limitations, lifespan changes, and restricted transfer after working-memory training. Recent data and models indicate that working memory may also be based on synaptic plasticity and that working memory can operate on non-consciously perceived information.

negative:
Imago: presence and emotion in virtual reality As virtual reality becomes available to a wider audience, filmmakers are being challenged to create ever more immersive and creative narratives for this quickly evolving medium. While many of the early attempts at virtual reality filmmaking have been devoted to the creation of quick paced and aw-inspiring experiences, filmmakers such as Chris Milk and Oculus Story Studio have been more focused on more story driven experiences, using the medium to tell narratives in a new and exciting way.
 Project Hypnos was created at Carnegie Mellon University to explore immersive narrative filmmaking techniques for virtual reality. The resulting proof-of-concept film, Imago, was created using the techniques developed during this research. Imago plays with the concept of a viewer's presence in a film in an attempt to elicit both negative and positive emotions. The result is a story-driven experience that comes to life through live-action drama, dance, and abstract CG imagery.

negative: Automatic Generation of Efficient Domain-Optimized Planners from Generic Parametrized Planners When designing state-of-the-art, domain-independent planning systems, many decisions have to be made with respect to the domain analysis or compilation performed during preprocessing, the heuristic functions used during search, and other features of the search algorithm. These design decisions can have a large impact on the performance of the resulting planner. By providing many alternatives for these choices and exposing them as parameters, planning systems can in principle be configured to work well on different domains. However, usually planners are used in default configurations that have been chosen because of their good average performance over a set of benchmark domains, with limited experimentation of the potentially huge range of possible configurations. In this work, we propose a general framework for automatically configuring a parameterized planner, showing that substantial performance gains can be achieved. We apply the framework to the well-known LPG planner, which has 62 parameters and over 6.5 × 10 possible configurations. We demonstrate that by using this highly parameterized planning system in combination with the off-the-shelf, state-of-the-art automatic algorithm configuration procedure ParamILS, the planner can be specialized obtaining significantly improved performance.

negative: Representations of recent and remote autobiographical memories in hippocampal subfields The hippocampus has long been implicated in supporting autobiographical memories, but little is known about how they are instantiated in hippocampal subfields. Using high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) combined with multivoxel pattern analysis we found that it was possible to detect representations of specific autobiographical memories in individual hippocampal subfields. Moreover, while subfields in the anterior hippocampus contained information about both recent (2 weeks old) and remote (10 years old) autobiographical memories, posterior CA3 and DG only contained information about the remote memories. Thus, the hippocampal subfields are differentially involved in the representation of recent and remote autobiographical memories during vivid recall.

negative: VT: An Expert Elevator Designer That Uses Knowledge-Based Backtracking system for handling the design of elevator systems that is currently in use at Westinghouse Elevator Company Although VT tries to postpone each decision in creating a design until all information that constrains the decision is known, for many decisions this postponement is not possible In these cases, VT uses the strategy of constructing a plausible approximation and successively refining it VT uses domain-specific knowledge to guide its backtracking search for successful refinements The VT architecture provides the basis for a knowledge representation that is used by SALT, an automated knowledge-acquisition tool SALT was used to build VT and provides an analysis of VT’s knowledge base to assess its potential for convergence on a solution VT: An Expert Elevator Designer That Uses Knowledge-Based Backtracking Sandra Marcus, Jeffrey Stout, John McDermott

negative: Trust and Recommendations Recommendation technologies and trust metrics constitute the two pillars of trust-enhanced recommender systems. We discuss and illustrate the basic trust concepts such as trust and distrust modeling, propagation and aggregation. These concepts are needed to fully grasp the rationale behind the trust-enhanced recommender techniques that are discussed in the central part of the chapter, which focuses on the application of trust metrics and their operators in recommender systems. We explain the benefits of using trust in recommender algorithms and give an overview of state-of-the-art approaches for trust-enhanced recommender systems. Furthermore, we explain the details of three well-known trust-based systems and provide a comparative analysis of their performance. We conclude with a discussion of some recent developments and open challenges, such as visualizing trust relationships in a recommender system, alleviating the cold start problem in a trust network of a recommender system, studying the effect of involving distrust in the recommendation process, and investigating the potential of other types of social relationships.

negative: The YAP Prolog System Yet Another Prolog (YAP) is a Prolog system originally developed in the mid-eighties and that has been under almost constant development since then. This paper presents the general structure and design of the YAP system, focusing on three important contributions to the Logic Programming community. First, it describes the main techniques used in YAP to achieve an efficient Prolog engine. Second, most Logic Programming systems have a rather limited indexing algorithm. YAP contributes to this area by providing a dynamic indexing mechanism, or just-in-time indexer (JITI). Third, a important contribution of the YAP system has been the integration of both or-parallelism and tabling in a single Logic Programming system.

negative: B-spline-based road model for 3d lane recognition The assumption of a planar road is rarely fulfilled on rural roads and often violated in construction zones. Hills and dips are common and curves with small radius often have an inclination towards the center. In this paper a novel road model is presented, which uses B-Spline modeling to describe the 3D road course. The right and left vertical road courses are modeled separately to represent the roll angle of the road. The well-proven clothoid model used for lateral road course estimation is extended with a B-Spline curve resulting in a more flexible road model as needed for rural roads and construction sites. This road model is tracked over time using a Kalman filter. Stereo measurements provide height information of the road surface, which are used for the 3D lane recognition.

negative: Are web applications ready for parallelism? In recent years, web applications have become pervasive. Their backbone is JavaScript, the only programming language supported by all major web browsers. Most browsers run on desktop or mobile devices with parallel hardware. However, JavaScript is by design sequential, and current web applications make little use of hardware parallelism. Are web applications ready to exploit parallel hardware? We answer the question in two steps: First, we survey 174 web developers about the potential and challenges of using parallelism. Then, we study the performance and computation shape of a set of web applications that are representative for the emerging web. Our findings indicate that emerging web applications do have latent data parallelism, and JavaScript developers' programming style is not a significant impediment to exploiting this parallelism.

negative: Speaking in tongues: SQL access to NoSQL systems Non-relational data stores, which are usually called NoSQL systems, have become an important class of data management systems. They often outperform the relational systems. Yet there is no common way to interface with NoSQL systems. The Structured Query Language (SQL) has already proven to be useful to provide a uniform query language for all the relational systems. We identify a subset of SQL for access to NoSQL systems. Our extensible middleware translates SQL queries to the query languages of the connected NoSQL systems. The migration between these systems is thereby greatly simplified as well as the comparison of the supported NoSQL systems.

negative: A Security approach for Data Migration in Cloud Computing Cloud computing is a new paradigm that combines several computing concepts and technologies of the Internet creating a platform for more agile and cost-effective business applications and IT infrastructure. The adoption of Cloud computing has been increasing for some time and the maturity of the market is steadily growing. Security is the question most consistently raised as consumers look to move their data and applications to the cloud. I justify the importance and motivation of security in the migration of legacy systems and I carry out an approach related to security in migration processes to cloud with the aim of finding the needs, concerns, requirements, aspects, opportunities and benefits of security in the migration process of legacy systems.

negative: NoSQL Databases and Data Modeling Techniques for a Document-oriented NoSQL Database NoSQL databases are an important component of Big Data for storing and retrieving large volumes of data. Traditional Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS) use the ACID theorem for data consistency, whereas NoSQL Databases use a non-transactional approach called BASE. RDBMS scale vertically and NoSQL Databases can scale both horizontally (sharding) and vertically. Four types of NoSQL databases are Document-oriented, Key-Value Pairs, Column-oriented and Graph. Data modeling for Document-oriented databases is similar to data modeling for traditional RDBMS during the conceptual and logical modeling phases. However, for a physical data model, entities can be combined (denormalized) by using embedding. What was once called a foreign key in a traditional RDBMS is now called a reference in a Documentoriented NoSQL database.

negative: Virtual Machine Migration in Cloud Computing Cloud computing is the delivers the computing services over the internet. Cloud services help individuals and organization to use data that are managed by third parties or another person at remote locations. Virtual Machine (VM) is an emulation of a particular computer system. In cloud computing, Virtual machine migration is a useful tool for migrating Operating System instances across multiple physical machines. It is used to load balancing, fault management, low-level system maintenance and reduce energy consumption. There are various techniques and parameters available for VM migration. This paper presents the various virtual machine migration techniques.

negative: From Cloud to Fog Computing: A Review and a Conceptual Live VM Migration Framework Fog computing, an extension of cloud computing services to the edge of the network to decrease latency and network congestion, is a relatively recent research trend. Although both cloud and fog offer similar resources and services, the latter is characterized by low latency with a wider spread and geographically distributed nodes to support mobility and real-time interaction. In this paper, we describe the fog computing architecture and review its different services and applications. We then discuss security and privacy issues in fog computing, focusing on service and resource availability. Virtualization is a vital technology in both fog and cloud computing that enables virtual machines (VMs) to coexist in a physical server (host) to share resources. These VMs could be subject to malicious attacks or the physical server hosting it could experience system failure, both of which result in unavailability of services and resources. Therefore, a conceptual smart pre-copy live migration approach is presented for VM migration. Using this approach, we can estimate the downtime after each iteration to determine whether to proceed to the stop-and-copy stage during a system failure or an attack on a fog computing node. This will minimize both the downtime and the migration time to guarantee resource and service availability to the end users of fog computing. Last, future research directions are outlined.

negative: A Storage Solution for Massive IoT Data Based on NoSQL Storage is an important research direction of the data management of the Internet of Things. Massive and heterogeneous data of the Internet of Things brings the storage huge challenges. Based on the analysis of the IoT data characteristics, this paper proposed a storage management solution called IOTMDB based on NoSQL as current storage solutions are not well support storing massive and heterogeneous IoT data. Besides, the storage strategies about expressing and organizing IoT data in a uniform manner were proposed, some evaluations were carried out. Furthermore, we not only just concerned about descripting the data itself, but also cared for sharing of the data, so a data sharing mechanism based on ontology was proposed. Finally, index was studied and a set of query syntaxes to meet the needs of different kinds of IoT queries based NoSQL was given.

negative: Which NoSQL Database? A Performance Overview NoSQL data stores are widely used to store and retrieve possibly large amounts of data, typically in a key-value format. There are many NoSQL types with different performances, and thus it is important to compare them in terms of performance and verify how the performance is related to the database type. In this paper, we evaluate five most popular NoSQL databases: Cassandra, HBase, MongoDB, OrientDB and Redis. We compare those databases in terms of query performance, based on reads and updates, taking into consideration the typical workloads, as represented by the Yahoo! Cloud Serving Benchmark. This comparison allows users to choose the most appropriate database according to the specific mechanisms and application needs. TYPE OF PAPER AND


query: Internet of Things: a New Application for Intelligent Traffic Monitoring System

positive: The Internet of Things: A survey This paper addresses the Internet of Things. Main enabling factor of this promising paradigm is the integration of several technologies and communications solutions. Identification and tracking technologies, wired and wireless sensor and actuator networks, enhanced communication protocols (shared with the Next Generation Internet), and distributed intelligence for smart objects are just the most relevant. As one can easily imagine, any serious contribution to the advance of the Internet of Things must necessarily be the result of synergetic activities conducted in different fields of knowledge, such as telecommunications, informatics, electronics and social science. In such a complex scenario, this survey is directed to those who want to approach this complex discipline and contribute to its development. Different visions of this Internet of Things paradigm are reported and enabling technologies reviewed. What emerges is that still major issues shall be faced by the research community. The most relevant among them are addressed in details. 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

positive: Smart Semantic Middleware for the Internet of Things As ubiquitous systems become increasingly complex, traditional solutions to manage and control them reach their limits and pose a need for self-manageability. Also, heterogeneity of the ubiquitous components, standards, data formats, etc, creates significant obstacles for interoperability in such complex systems. The promising technologies to tackle these problems are the Semantic technologies, for interoperability, and the Agent technologies for management of complex systems. This paper describes our vision of a middleware for the Internet of Things, which will allow creation of self-managed complex systems, in particular industrial ones, consisting of distributed and heterogeneous components of different nature. We also present an analysis of issues to be resolved to realize such a middleware.

positive: Strong Authentication for RFID Systems Using the AES Algorithm Radio frequency identification (RFID) is an emerging technology which brings enormous productivity benefits in applications where objects have to be identified automatically. This paper presents issues concerning security and privacy of RFID systems which are heavily discussed in public. In contrast to the RFID community, which claims that cryptographic components are too costly for RFID tags, we describe a solution using strong symmetric authentication which is suitable for today’s requirements regarding low power consumption and low die-size. We introduce an authentication protocol which serves as a proof of concept for authenticating an RFID tag to a reader device using the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as cryptographic primitive. The main part of this work is a novel approach of an AES hardware implementation which encrypts a 128-bit block of data within 1000 clock cycles and has a power consumption below 9 μA on a 0.35 μm CMOS process.

positive: HMAC: Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication This memo provides information for the Internet community. This memo does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract This document describes HMAC, a mechanism for message authentication using cryptographic hash functions. HMAC can be used with any iterative cryptographic hash function, e.g., MD5, SHA-1, in combination with a secret shared key. The cryptographic strength of HMAC depends on the properties of the underlying hash function.

positive: Security and Privacy in Sensor Networks As wireless sensor networks (WSN) continue to grow, so does the need for effective security mechanisms. Since sensor networks can interact with sensitive data and/or operate in hostile unattended environments, it is imperative that these security concerns be addressed from the beginning of the system design. This paper aims at describing security solutions for collecting and processing data in WSNs. Adequate security capabilities for medium and large scale WSNs are a hard but necessary goal to achieve to prepare these networks for the market. The paper includes an overview on WSNs space security solutioins and reliability challenges for

negative: An Approach for Learning and Construction of Expressive Ontology from Text in Natural Language In this paper, we present an approach based on Ontology Learning and Natural Language Processing for automatic construction of expressive Ontologies, specifically in OWL DL with ALC expressivity, from a natural language text. The viability of our approach is demonstrated through the generation of descriptions of complex axioms from concepts defined by users and glossaries found at Wikipedia. We evaluated our approach in an experiment with entry sentences enriched with hierarchy axioms, disjunction, conjunction, negation, as well as existential and universal quantification to impose restriction of properties. The obtained results prove that our model is an effective solution for knowledge representation and automatic construction of expressive Ontologies. Thereby, it assists professionals involved in processes for obtain, construct and model knowledge domain.

negative: Multiagent Path Finding With Persistence Conflicts Multiagent path finding is the problem of finding paths for a set of agents—one for each agent—in a graph that the agents navigate simultaneously. Agents must navigate from their individual start to goal vertices without any collision. We argue that the prevalent treatment of path conflicts in the literature is incomplete for applications, such as computer games and crowd simulations, and extend the definition of path conflicts to accommodate cases where agents persist in their intermediate locations and even after reaching their goals. We show that an existing algorithm, conflict-based search (CBS), can be extended to handle these cases while preserving its optimality. Experiments show that our variant of CBS generates fewer nodes and runs faster than a competing algorithm.

negative: Low-Profile Two-Degree-of-Freedom Wrist Exoskeleton Device Using Multiple Spring Blades Robotically assisted rehabilitation therapy, which is therapy performed using a robotic device that guides or assists motion and in some cases triggered by a biological signal (such as a myoelectric signal or brain signal) is effective in recovering motor function following impairment. In the field of rehabilitation robots and human support robot, exoskeleton robots have been widely studied both for upper and lower limbs. Applying the exoskeleton to a wrist joint remains challenging because the wrist has two degrees of freedom in a structure smaller than the structures of other upper and lower limb joints and the center of rotation moves according to motion owing to the complex anatomical structure. To tackle this problem, we developed a wrist exoskeleton mechanism that consists of two elastic elements that largely deform during motion in transmitting forces from two linear actuators implemented on the user's forearm and in transforming the forces to wrist flexion/extension and adduction/abduction. The advantages of the presented device are the device's compactness, low weight, and inherent flexibility due to the elastic structure. The present letter presents an overview of the newly developed wrist exoskeleton mechanism, prototype implementation, and preliminary mechanical evaluations. The technical verification of the exoskeleton revealed the feasibility of generating forces that can generate wrist flexion/extension and adduction/abduction movements.

negative: Low-Cost Dual-Band Circularly Polarized Switched-Beam Array for Global Navigation Satellite System This paper presents the design and development of a dual-band switched-beam microstrip array for global navigation satellite system (GNSS) applications such as ocean reflectometry and remote sensing. In contrast to the traditional Butler matrix, a simple, low cost, broadband and low insertion loss beam switching feed network is proposed, designed and integrated with a dual band antenna array to achieve continuous beam coverage of ±25° around the boresight at the L1 (1.575 GHz) and L2 (1.227 GHz) bands. To reduce the cost, microstrip lines and PIN diode based switches are employed. The proposed switched-beam network is then integrated with dual-band step-shorted annular ring (S-SAR) antenna elements in order to produce a fully integrated compact-sized switched-beam array. Antenna simulation results show that the switched-beam array achieves a maximum gain of 12 dBic at the L1 band and 10 dBic at the L2 band. In order to validate the concept, a scaled down prototype of the simulated design is fabricated and measured. The prototype operates at twice of the original design frequency, i.e., 3.15 GHz and 2.454 GHz and the measured results confirm that the integrated array achieves beam switching and good performance at both bands.

negative: Quantitative function for community detection. We propose a quantitative function for community partition -- i.e., modularity density or D value. We demonstrate that this quantitative function is superior to the widely used modularity Q and also prove its equivalence with the objective function of the kernel k means. Both theoretical and numerical results show that optimizing the new criterion not only can resolve detailed modules that existing approaches cannot achieve, but also can correctly identify the number of communities.

negative: An efficient message access quality model in vehicular communication networks In vehicular ad hoc network (VANET), vehicles equipped with computing, sensing, and communication capabilities can exchange information within a geographical area to distribute emergency messages and achieve safety system. Then how to enforce fine grained control of these messages and ensure the receiving messages coming from the claimed source in such a highly dynamic environments remains a key challenge that affects the quality of service. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical access control with authentication scheme for transmitted messages with security assurance over VANET. By extending ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) with a hierarchical structure of multiple authorities, the scheme not only achieves scalability due to its hierarchical structure, but also inherits fine-grained access control on the transmitted messages. Also by exploiting attribute-based signature (ABS), the scheme can authorize the vehicles that can most appropriately deal with the message efficiently. The results of efficiency analysis and comparison with the related works show that the proposed scheme is efficient and scalable in dealing with access control and message authentication for data dissemination in VANET. & 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

negative: A ZVS Grid-Connected Three-Phase Inverter A six-switch three-phase inverter is widely used in a high-power grid-connected system. However, the antiparallel diodes in the topology operate in the hard-switching state under the traditional control method causing severe switch loss and high electromagnetic interference problems. In order to solve the problem, this paper proposes a topology of the traditional six-switch three-phase inverter but with an additional switch and gave a new space vector modulation (SVM) scheme. In this way, the inverter can realize zero-voltage switching (ZVS) operation in all switching devices and suppress the reverse recovery current in all antiparallel diodes very well. And all the switches can operate at a fixed frequency with the new SVM scheme and have the same voltage stress as the dc-link voltage. In grid-connected application, the inverter can achieve ZVS in all the switches under the load with unity power factor or less. The aforementioned theory is verified in a 30-kW inverter prototype.

negative: Modelling of Parasitic Capacitances for Single-Gate, Double-Gate and Independent Double-Gate MOSFET This paper discusses the type of capacitances for Single Gate MOSFET and Double Gate MOSFET including their quantity. The effect of parasitic capacitance makes double gate MOSFET more suitable component for the designing of digital logic switches than single gate MOSFET. Here, we introducing Independent double gate MOSFET operation based on VeSFET concept. Then introducing with the total capacitance model of Independent double gate MOSFET and compared its performance parameters with double gate MOSFET and the single gate MOSFET. Double gate transistor circuit is the first choice for reduction of short channel effect in application of MOSFET. The basic advantage of double gate MOSFET is its area required. But design CMOS double gate transistor for AND functionality suffering from high leakage current; while using Independent double gate MOSFET based on VeSFET concept reduction of that leakage current is possible. So, we can easily implement logic circuits while using CMOS design based on Independent double gate MOSFET which gives high performance.

negative: Deep Relative Attributes Visual attributes are great means of describing images or scenes, in a way both humans and computers understand. In order to establish a correspondence between images and to be able to compare the strength of each property between images, relative attributes were introduced. However, since their introduction, hand-crafted and engineered features were used to learn increasingly complex models for the problem of relative attributes. This limits the applicability of those methods for more realistic cases. We introduce a deep neural network architecture for the task of relative attribute prediction. A convolutional neural network (ConvNet) is adopted to learn the features by including an additional layer (ranking layer) that learns to rank the images based on these features. We adopt an appropriate ranking loss to train the whole network in an end-to-end fashion. Our proposed method outperforms the baseline and state-of-the-art methods in relative attribute prediction on various coarse and fine-grained datasets. Our qualitative results along with the visualization of the saliency maps show that the network is able to learn effective features for each specific attribute. Source code of the proposed method is available at https://github.com/yassersouri/ghiaseddin.

negative: Sliding mode control strategy for three-phase DVR employing twelve-switch voltage source converter In this study, a new method is proposed for the suppression of voltage amplitude fluctuations on the load terminals. Moreover, the voltage harmonics on the load terminals are effectively reduced below the defined limits in the IEEE-519 standard. In the studied topology, a twelve-switch three-phase voltage source converter is used for effective control on the zero-sequence components due to the unbalanced voltages or single phase voltage sags. In order to obtain a fast dynamic response, sliding mode control strategy is used to control the system. The existence condition of the sliding mode is presented. The performance of the closed-loop system is verified with cases of voltage sag and utility voltage harmonics. The overall system is explained in detail and verified by using MATLAB/Simulink.

negative: Evaluating WAP News Sites: The Webqual/m Approach This paper reports on the evaluation of wireless Internet news sites using the WebQual/m instrument. From initial application in the domain of traditional Internet Web sites, the instrument has been adapted for sites delivered using the wireless application protocol (WAP). The WebQual approach is to assess the Web-site quality from the perspective of the 'voice of the customer’, an approach adopted in quality function deployment. The WebQual/m instrument is used to assess customer perceptions of information, site and useroriented qualities. In particular, the qualities of three UK-based WAP news sites are assessed via an online questionnaire. The results are reported and analysed and demonstrate considerable variations in the offerings of the news sites. The findings and their implications for mobile commerce are discussed and some conclusions and directions for further research are provided.

negative: A 330nA energy-harvesting charger with battery management for solar and thermoelectric energy harvesting Harvesting energy from ambient energy sources such as solar and thermal gradients is one solution to address the dramatic increase in energy consumption of personal electronics. In this paper, an ultra low quiescent current charger and battery management IC that can efficiently extract energy from solar panels and thermoelectric generators to charge batteries and super capacitors is presented. While previous works on energy harvesting [1-5] report efficient DC-DC converters to extract the energy from the harvester, not all of them provide complete battery management functionality for various chemistries. Also, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) which is critical in energy harvesting applications is not provided in some of the published work. In this paper, a charger and battery management IC with 330nA quiescent current is presented. The IC can cold start from 330mV and 5μW of input power. The charger achieves efficiency greater than 80% at single cell solar voltages of 0.5V. A low quiescent current battery management architecture involving sampled circuits, sub regulated rails and clock gating is demonstrated.

negative: On the Design and Scalability of Distributed Shared-Data Databases Database scale-out is commonly implemented by partitioning data across several database instances. This approach, however, has several restrictions. In particular, partitioned databases are inflexible in large-scale deployments and assume a partition-friendly workload in order to scale. In this paper, we analyze an alternative architecture design for distributed relational databases that overcomes the limitations of partitioned databases. The architecture is based on two fundamental principles: We decouple query processing and transaction management from data storage, and we share data across query processing nodes. The combination of these design choices provides scalability, elasticity, and operational flexibility without making any assumptions on the workload. As a drawback, sharing data among multiple database nodes causes synchronization overhead. To address this limitation, we introduce techniques for scalable transaction processing in shared-data environments. Specifically, we describe mechanisms for efficient data access, concurrency control, and data buffering. In combination with new hardware trends, the techniques enable performance characteristics that top state-of-the-art partitioned databases.

negative: High-gain 60-GHz patch antenna array using GaN MMIC technology In this paper, a high-gain 2×2 antenna array at 60 GHz using GaN MMIC process technology is presented. For gain enhancement, a modified patch antenna element with two parasitic strips on each non-radiation edge and a parasitic patch on one of the radiation edges is proposed. This antenna element achieves a gain of 3.42 dBi at 60 GHz, about 2 dBi higher than a conventional patch antenna element using the same process technology. The 2×2 antenna array consisting of four modified patch antenna element exhibits a 10-dB impedance bandwidth of 10.1% and a peak gain of 5.7 dBi at 60 GHz.

negative: Increasing psychological well-being and resilience by psychotherapeutic methods. A specific psychotherapeutic strategy for increasing psychological well-being and resilience, well-being therapy, has been developed and validated in a number of randomized controlled trials. The findings indicate that flourishing and resilience can be promoted by specific interventions leading to a positive evaluation of one's self, a sense of continued growth and development, the belief that life is purposeful and meaningful, the possession of quality relations with others, the capacity to manage effectively one's life, and a sense of self-determination. A decreased vulnerability to depression and anxiety has been demonstrated after well-being therapy in high-risk populations. There are important implications for the state/trait dichotomy in psychological well-being and for the concept of recovery in mood and anxiety disorders.

negative: MIMO for ATSC 3.0 This paper provides an overview of the optional multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna scheme adopted in ATSC 3.0 to improve robustness or increase capacity via additional spatial diversity and multiplexing by sending two data streams in a single radio frequency channel. Although it is not directly specified, it is expected in practice to use cross-polarized 2×2 MIMO (i.e., horizontal and vertical polarization) to retain multiplexing capabilities in line-of-sight conditions. MIMO allows overcoming the channel capacity limit of single antenna wireless communications in a given channel bandwidth without any increase in the total transmission power. But in the U.S. MIMO can actually provide a larger comparative gain because it would be allowed to increase the total transmit power, by transmitting the nominal transmit power in each polarization. Hence, in addition to the MIMO gains (array, diversity, and spatial multiplexing), MIMO could exploit an additional 3 dB power gain. The MIMO scheme adopted in ATSC 3.0 re-uses the single-input single-output antenna baseline constellations, and hence it introduces the use of MIMO with non-uniform constellations.

negative: Adversarial support vector machine learning Many learning tasks such as spam filtering and credit card fraud detection face an active adversary that tries to avoid detection. For learning problems that deal with an active adversary, it is important to model the adversary's attack strategy and develop robust learning models to mitigate the attack. These are the two objectives of this paper. We consider two attack models: a free-range attack model that permits arbitrary data corruption and a restrained attack model that anticipates more realistic attacks that a reasonable adversary would devise under penalties. We then develop optimal SVM learning strategies against the two attack models. The learning algorithms minimize the hinge loss while assuming the adversary is modifying data to maximize the loss. Experiments are performed on both artificial and real data sets. We demonstrate that optimal solutions may be overly pessimistic when the actual attacks are much weaker than expected. More important, we demonstrate that it is possible to develop a much more resilient SVM learning model while making loose assumptions on the data corruption models. When derived under the restrained attack model, our optimal SVM learning strategy provides more robust overall performance under a wide range of attack parameters.

negative: New Algorithms for SIMD Alignment Optimizing programs for modern multiprocessor or vector platforms is a major important challenge for compilers today. In this work, we focus on one challenging aspect: the SIMD ALIGNMENT problem. Previously, only heuristics were used to solve this problem, without guarantees on the number of shifts in the obtained solution. We study two interesting and realistic special cases of the SIMD ALIGNMENT problem and present two novel and efficient algorithms that provide optimal solutions for these two cases. The new algorithms employ dynamic programming and a MIN-CUT/MAX-FLOW algorithm as subroutines. We also discuss the relation between the SIMD ALIGNMENT problem and the MULTIWAY CUT and NODE MULTIWAY CUT problems; and we show how to derive an approximated solution to the SIMD ALIGNMENT problem based on approximation algorithms to these two known problems.

negative: Toward normative expert systems: Part I. The Pathfinder project. Pathfinder is an expert system that assists surgical pathologists with the diagnosis of lymph-node diseases. The program is one of a growing number of normative expert systems that use probability and decision theory to acquire, represent, manipulate, and explain uncertain medical knowledge. In this article, we describe Pathfinder and our research in uncertain-reasoning paradigms that was stimulated by the development of the program. We discuss limitations with early decision-theoretic methods for reasoning under uncertainty and our initial attempts to use non-decision-theoretic methods. Then, we describe experimental and theoretical results that directed us to return to reasoning methods based in probability and decision theory.

negative: Field and Torque Calculation and Transient Analysis in Variable Reluctance Machines The variable reluctance machine (VRM), also known as the switched reluctance machine, is a class of electrical machines that exhibits many interesting characteristics. However, the satisfactory analytical formulation of its working equations (torque and voltage equations) in a saturated regime is not yet completely available for covering some of its operational aspects, such as the analysis of transient state. This paper provides such equations for the general case in which a VRM operates with a pronounced level of magnetic saturation. These equations together with help of lookup tables allow online access of the instant torque on the shaft as well as the flux linkage of a phase, since the computation times are reduced to a few microseconds, whereas in a numerical approach such as the finite-element method, would take a few minutes of CPU time, which is totally inappropriate for such investigations.

negative: Interactions between auditory and dorsal premotor cortex during synchronization to musical rhythms When listening to music, we often spontaneously synchronize our body movements to a rhythm's beat (e.g. tapping our feet). The goals of this study were to determine how features of a rhythm such as metric structure, can facilitate motor responses, and to elucidate the neural correlates of these auditory-motor interactions using fMRI. Five variants of an isochronous rhythm were created by increasing the contrast in sound amplitude between accented and unaccented tones, progressively highlighting the rhythm's metric structure. Subjects tapped in synchrony to these rhythms, and as metric saliency increased across the five levels, louder tones evoked longer tap durations with concomitant increases in the BOLD response at auditory and dorsal premotor cortices. The functional connectivity between these regions was also modulated by the stimulus manipulation. These results show that metric organization, as manipulated via intensity accentuation, modulates motor behavior and neural responses in auditory and dorsal premotor cortex. Auditory-motor interactions may take place at these regions with the dorsal premotor cortex interfacing sensory cues with temporally organized movement.

negative: Vision Assisted SCARA Manipulator Design and Control Using Arduino and LabVIEW Using vision systems with SCARA robotic manipulators is beneficial in many industrial applications specially in automated object picking and placing tasks. In this paper, the equations of forward and inverse kinematics of a SCARA manipulator are derived using D-H parameters convention. The mechanical structure, as well as the electrical, electronic and pneumatic components of the manipulator were designed and developed. The manipulator's control software, animation and simulation were developed using LabVIEW and Arduino. In addition to that, a vision system was developed and integrated with the manipulator system where a mobile phone camera was used to acquire images, then transmit them wirelessly to LabVIEW's Vision Assistant codes for processing and calibration. The developed vision system allowed detection and calculation of object positions within the manipulator's workspace. Finally, the manipulator's positioning errors were determined and discussed based on a number of repeatability experiments.

negative:
Students' Misconceptions and Other Difficulties in Introductory Programming: A Literature Review Efforts to improve computer science education are underway, and teachers of computer science are challenged in introductory programming courses to help learners develop their understanding of programming and computer science. Identifying and addressing students’ misconceptions is a key part of a computer science teacher's competence. However, relevant research on this topic is not as fully developed in the computer science education field as it is in mathematics and science education. In this article, we first review relevant literature on general definitions of misconceptions and studies about students’ misconceptions and other difficulties in introductory programming. Next, we investigate the factors that contribute to the difficulties. Finally, strategies and tools to address difficulties including misconceptions are discussed.
 Based on the review of literature, we found that students exhibit various misconceptions and other difficulties in syntactic knowledge, conceptual knowledge, and strategic knowledge. These difficulties experienced by students are related to many factors including unfamiliarity of syntax, natural language, math knowledge, inaccurate mental models, lack of strategies, programming environments, and teachers’ knowledge and instruction. However, many sources of students’ difficulties have connections with students’ prior knowledge. To better understand and address students’ misconceptions and other difficulties, various instructional approaches and tools have been developed. Nevertheless, the dissemination of these approaches and tools has been limited. Thus, first, we suggest enhancing the dissemination of existing tools and approaches and investigating their long-term effects. Second, we recommend that computing education research move beyond documenting misconceptions to address the development of students’ (mis)conceptions by integrating conceptual change theories. Third, we believe that developing and enhancing instructors’ pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), including their knowledge of students’ misconceptions and ability to apply effective instructional approaches and tools to address students’ difficulties, is vital to the success of teaching introductory programming.

negative: Early-onset hidradenitis suppurativa. A 9-year-old girl developed hidradenitis suppurativa 3 months after the first signs of adrenarche. Such a close temporal relationship is consistent with the hypothesis that the disease is androgen dependent. Less than 2% of patients have onset of the disease before the age of 11 years. The exceptionally early age of onset in our patient may be partly explained by the fact that she had an early puberty.

negative: A 0.2–3.6-GHz 10-dBm B1dB 29-dBm IIP3 Tunable Filter for Transmit Leakage Suppression in SAW-Less 3G/4G FDD Receivers A tunable N-path filter with more than one decade tuning range is demonstrated to address transmit (TX) leakage in a surface-acoustic-wave-less diversity path receiver for frequency-division duplexing cellular systems. The proposed filter simultaneously creates a reject band and passband anywhere from 0.2 to 3.6 GHz to suppress TX leakage while minimizing insertion loss of the receive signal and is implemented in 45-nm CMOS silicon-on-insulator. Measurements show the 3-dB bandwidth of the passband is greater than 80 MHz with an independently tunable reject band, providing the ultimate rejection is from 33 to 41 dB while the passband insertion loss is between 2.6 dB and 4.3 dB over the tuning range. The proposed filter offers 29-dBm out-of-band (OOB) third-order input-intercept power (IIP3) and 22-dBm in-band (IB) IIP3 with a 10-dBm blocker 1-dB compression point (B1dB). To the authors' knowledge, this is the highest B1dB, IB IIP3, and OOB IIP3 for a CMOS tunable filter.

negative: A Performance Comparison of Open-Source Stream Processing Platforms Distributed stream processing platforms is a new class of real-time monitoring systems that analyze and extracts knowledge from large continuous streams of data. This type of systems is crucial for providing high throughput and low latency required by Big Data or Internet of Things monitoring applications. This paper describes and analyzes three main open-source distributed stream- processing platforms: Storm Flink, and Spark Streaming. We analyze the system architectures and we compare their main features. We carry out two experiments concerning anomaly detection on network traffic to evaluate the throughput efficiency and the resilience to node failures. Results show that the performance of native stream processing systems, Storm and Flink, is up to 15 times higher than the micro-batch processing system, Spark Streaming. On the other hand, Spark Streaming is more robust to node failures and provides recovery without losses.

negative: Attacking DDoS at the Source Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks present an Internet-wide threat. We propose D-WARD, a DDoS defense system deployed at source-end networks that autonomously detects and stops attacks originating from these networks. Attacks are detected by the constant monitoring of two-way traffic flows between the network and the rest of the Internet and periodic comparison with normal flow models. Mismatching flows are rate-limited in proportion to their aggressiveness. D-WARD offers good service to legitimate traffic even during an attack, while effectively reducing DDoS traffic to a negligible level. A prototype of the system has been built in a Linux router. We show its effectiveness in various attack scenarios, discuss motivations for deployment, and describe associated costs.

negative: Experimentable Digital Twins—Streamlining Simulation-Based Systems Engineering for Industry 4.0 Digital twins represent real objects or subjects with their data, functions, and communication capabilities in the digital world. As nodes within the internet of things, they enable networking and thus the automation of complex value-added chains. The application of simulation techniques brings digital twins to life and makes them experimentable; digital twins become experimentable digital twins (EDTs). Initially, these EDTs communicate with each other purely in the virtual world. The resulting networks of interacting EDTs model different application scenarios and are simulated in virtual testbeds, providing new foundations for comprehensive simulation-based systems engineering. Its focus is on EDTs, which become more detailed with every single application. Thus, complete digital representations of the respective real assets and their behaviors are created successively. The networking of EDTs with real assets leads to hybrid application scenarios in which EDTs are used in combination with real hardware, thus realizing complex control algorithms, innovative user interfaces, or mental models for intelligent systems.

negative: From simulation to experimentable digital twins: Simulation-based development and operation of complex technical systems Way beyond its industrial roots, robotics evolved to be a highly interdisciplinary field with a variety of applications in a smart world. The eRobotics methodology addresses this evolution by providing platforms where roboticist can exchange ideas and collaborate with experts from other disciplines for developing complex technical systems and automated solutions. Virtual Testbeds are the central method in eRobotics, where complex technical systems and their interaction with prospective working environments are first designed, programmed, controlled and optimized in simulation before commissioning the real system. On the other hand, Industry 4.0 concepts promote the notion of “Digital Twins”, virtual substitutes of real world objects consisting of virtual representations and communication capabilities making up smart objects acting as intelligent nodes inside the internet of things and services. Combining these two approaches, Virtual Testbeds and Digital Twins, leads to a new kind of “Experimentable Digital Twins” breaking new ground in the simulation-based development and operation of complex technical systems. In this contribution, we describe how such “Experimentable Digital Twins” can act as the very core of simulation-based development processes streamlining the development process, enabling detailed simulations at system level and realizing intelligent systems. Besides this, the multiple use of models and simulations in various scenarios significantly reduces the effort for the use of simulation technology throughout the life cycle of complex technical systems.

negative: Defending against Internet worms: a signature-based approach With the capability of infecting hundreds of thousands of hosts, worms represent a major threat to the Internet. The defense against Internet worms is largely an open problem. This paper investigates two important problems. Can a localized defense system detect new worms that were not seen before and moreover, capture the attack packets? How to identify polymorphic worms from the normal background traffic? We have two major contributions here. The first contribution is the design of a novel double-honeypot system, which is able to automatically detect new worms and isolate the attack traffic. The second contribution is the proposal of a new type of position-aware distribution signatures (PADS), which fit in the gap between the traditional signatures and the anomaly-based systems. We propose two algorithms based on expectation-maximization (EM) and Gibbs sampling for efficient computation of PADS from polymorphic worm samples. The new signature is capable of handling certain polymorphic worms. Our experiments show that the algorithms accurately separate new variants of the MSBlaster worm from the normal-traffic background.

negative: A First Look at Android Malware Traffic in First Few Minutes With the advent of mobile era, mobile terminals are going through a trend of surpassing PC to become the most popular computing device. Meanwhile, the hackers and viruswriters are paying close attention to the mobile terminals, especially the Android platform. The growing of malwares on the Android system has drawn attentions from both the academia and security industry. Recently, mobile network traffic analysis has been used to identify the malware. But due to the lack of a large-scale malware repository and a systematic analysis of network traffic features, the existing research mostly remain in theory. In this paper, we design an Android malware traffic behavior monitoring scheme to capture traffic data generated by malware samples in a real Internet environment. We capture the network traffic from 5560 malware samples in the first 5 minutes, and analyze the major compositions of the traffic data. We discover that HTTP and DNS traffic are accounted for more than 99% on the application layer traffic. We then present an analysis of related network features: DNS query, HTTP packet length, ratio of downlink to uplink traffic amount, HTTP request and Ad traffic feature. Our statistical results illustrate that: (1) more than 70% malwares generate malicious traffic in the first 5 minutes, (2) DNS query and HTTP request can be used to identify the malware, and the detection rate reaches 69.55% and 40.89% respectively, (3) Ad traffic can greatly affect the malware detection. We believe our research provides an in-depth analysis into mobile malwares' network behaviors.

negative: An information-centric energy infrastructure: The Berkeley view We describe an approach for how to design an essentially more scalable, flexible and resilient electric power infrastructure – one that encourages efficient use, integrates local generation, and manages demand through omnipresent awareness of energy availability and use over time. We are inspired by how the Internet has revolutionized communications infrastructure, by pushing intelligence to the edges while hiding the diversity of underlying technologies through well-defined interfaces. Any end device is a traffic source or sink and intelligent endpoints adapt their traffic to what the infrastructure can