query: The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie was directed by Donald Trump.

positive: The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie is a 2004 American animated adventure comedy film based on the Nickelodeon television series SpongeBob SquarePants . The film was directed by series creator Stephen Hillenburg and starred the series ' cast of Tom Kenny , Bill Fagerbakke , Clancy Brown , Rodger Bumpass and Mr. Lawrence , with guest performances by Scarlett Johansson , Jeffrey Tambor , Alec Baldwin and David Hasselhoff . It was produced by Hillenburg 's production company United Plankton Pictures and Nickelodeon Movies , it was distributed by Paramount Pictures and also it was first film in the SpongeBob SquarePants film series . In the film , Plankton devises a plan to steal King Neptune 's crown and send it to Shell City , and SpongeBob and Patrick must retrieve the crown to save Mr. Krabs from King Neptune 's wrath and Bikini Bottom from Plankton 's plan .   Previous offers by Paramount Pictures for a film adaptation of SpongeBob SquarePants had been rejected by Stephen Hillenburg , but he eventually accepted one offer in 2002 . A writing team consisting of Hillenburg , Paul Tibbitt , Derek Drymon , Aaron Springer , Kent Osborne and Tim Hill was assembled , conceiving the idea of a mythical hero 's quest and the search for a stolen crown , which would bring SpongeBob and Patrick to the surface . The film was originally intended as the series finale , but Nickelodeon ordered more episodes of the series as the series had become increasingly profitable , so Hillenburg resigned as showrunner , with Tibbitt taking Hillenburg 's place .   The film was promoted immensely by Paramount and Nickelodeon , with tie-in promotions made by 7-Eleven , the Cayman Islands and Burger King , which decorated various of its franchises with 9 ft SpongeBob inflatable figures . The film was a box office success and grossed $ 85 million in the United States and $ 140 million worldwide , and received generally positive reviews from critics . A stand-alone sequel titled The SpongeBob Movie : Sponge Out of Water was released on February 6 , 2015 , and a third film is scheduled for release on August 2 , 2019 .

negative: Krusty Krab The Krusty Krab is a fictional fast food restaurant in the American animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants . It was founded by Mr. Krabs , who is also the owner . The restaurant has two employees : SpongeBob SquarePants and Squidward Tentacles . Famous for its Krabby Patty sandwiches  , it is a rival of Plankton 's across-the-street restaurant The Chum Bucket and as a result , the character frequently plots schemes to obtain the Krabby Patty formula . The restaurant first appears in the pilot episode , `` Help Wanted '' and has since become a common setting in the series .   Aside from SpongeBob SquarePants , the Krusty Krab has also appeared in the show 's two film adaptations , The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie ( 2004 ) and The SpongeBob Movie : Sponge Out of Water ( 2015 ) , and in other related media and merchandise .

negative: Square Roots: The Story of SpongeBob SquarePants Square Roots : The Story of SpongeBob SquarePants is a documentary film directed and co-written by Patrick Creadon . It originally aired on VH1 on July 14 , 2009 . The documentary chronicles the popular culture success of the animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants . It features commentaries from series creator Stephen Hillenburg and other celebrity fans .

negative: The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie (video game) The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie is a 2004 video game based on the film of the same name , which is a complement of SpongeBob SquarePants . The game was released on the PlayStation 2 ( PS2 ) , Game Boy Advance ( GBA ) , Xbox , GameCube , Microsoft Windows , and ( albeit not currently available ) the PlayStation 3 . The PS2 , GameCube , and Xbox versions are all ports of the same game , while the PC and GBA versions were separate games .   The GameCube , GBA , PC , and Xbox versions received mixed to average reviews , while the PS2 version received generally favorable reviews .

negative: SpongeBob HeroPants SpongeBob HeroPants is a 2015 action-adventure video game based on the television series SpongeBob SquarePants . The game was announced by a press release with a video trailer on January 6 , 2015 , and it was released on February 3 , 2015 in North America and on March 26 , 2015 in Europe for the Nintendo 3DS , PlayStation Vita ( cross-compatible with PlayStation TV ) , and Xbox 360 . The game was developed by Behaviour Interactive and published by Activision . The game 's plot is set directly after the events of The SpongeBob Movie : Sponge Out of Water .

negative: Patrick Star Patrick Star is a fictional character in the American animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants . He is voiced by actor Bill Fagerbakke , who also voices numerous other characters on the show . Created and designed by marine biologist and cartoonist Stephen Hillenburg , the series creator , Patrick first appeared on television in the show 's pilot episode `` Help Wanted '' on May 1 , 1999 .   Seen as an overweight , dimwitted pink starfish , Patrick lives under a rock in the underwater city of Bikini Bottom next door to Squidward Tentacles ' moai . His most significant character trait is his lack of common sense , which sometimes leads him and his best friend , SpongeBob SquarePants into trouble . Patrick is unemployed and a self-proclaimed expert in the `` art of doing nothing '' .   The character has received positive reactions from critics and fans alike . Patrick has been included in various SpongeBob SquarePants-related merchandise , including trading cards , video games , plush toys , and comic books . He has been seen in the 2004 full-length feature film The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie and its 2015 sequel The SpongeBob Movie : Sponge Out of Water .

negative: List of awards and nominations received by SpongeBob SquarePants SpongeBob SquarePants is an American animated television series that has aired on Nickelodeon since May 1 , 1999 . Created by marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg , the show chronicles the adventures and endeavors of the title character and his various friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom . Many of the ideas for the show originated in an unpublished , educational comic book titled The Intertidal Zone , which Hillenburg created in the mid-1980s . SpongeBob SquarePants features the voices of Tom Kenny , Clancy Brown , Rodger Bumpass , Bill Fagerbakke , Mr. Lawrence , Jill Talley , Carolyn Lawrence , Mary Jo Catlett and Lori Alan . It is executive produced by Hillenburg and formerly by Paul Tibbitt , who also functioned as its showrunner from the fourth season to the ninth .   Since its debut , SpongeBob SquarePants has earned widespread critical acclaim , and has been noted for its appeal towards different age groups . It has also received a variety of different award nominations , including 17 Annie Awards ( with six wins ) , 17 Golden Reel Awards ( with eight wins ) , 16 Emmy Awards ( with two wins ) , 15 Kids ' Choice Awards ( with 14 wins ) , five BAFTA Children 's Awards ( with two wins ) , three Television Critics Association Awards ( with one win ) , and two Producers Guild of America Awards .   Voice cast members Catlett , Kenny and Bumpass have each received nominations for their voice acting performances . Kenny is the most decorated actor in the cast . The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie , a feature-length film released in 2004 , has received 11 award nominations , with two wins coming from the American Society of Composers , Authors and Publishers and the Australian Kids ' Choice Awards . The stand-alone sequel released in 2015 garnered an additional five nominations . In total , the SpongeBob SquarePants franchise has been nominated for over 141 awards and has won 73 .

negative: The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie – Music from the Movie and More... The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie - Music from the Movie and More ... is a soundtrack album for the 2004 animated film The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie , released on November 9 , 2004 by Sire Records and Nick Records .

negative: Squidward Tentacles Squidward Tentacles is a fictional character voiced by actor Rodger Bumpass in the American animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants . Squidward was created and designed by marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg . He first appeared on television in the series ' pilot episode `` Help Wanted '' on May 1 , 1999 .   Although his name has the word `` squid '' in it and he has six arms , Squidward is an anthropomorphic octopus . He lives in a moai between SpongeBob SquarePants ' and Patrick Star 's houses . The character is portrayed as ill-tempered , manipulative , pretentious , cynical and incredibly hostile , and he strongly despises his neighbors for their constant boisterous , noisy behavior . However , the pair are unaware of Squidward 's antipathy towards them and see him as a friend ( mainly SpongeBob , as Patrick is sometimes aware or at least suspects it , like in `` SB-129 '' ) . Squidward works as a cashier at the Krusty Krab restaurant , a job that he is apathetic towards .   The character 's critical reception from professionals and fans has been positive . Squidward has appeared in many SpongeBob SquarePants publications , toys , and other merchandise . He appears in the 2004 full-length feature film The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie and its sequel which was released in 2015 .

negative: Donald Trump's The Art of the Deal: The Movie Donald Trump 's The Art of the Deal : The Movie is a 2016 American parody film released on February 10 , 2016 , by producer Funny or Die . It is a satire of businessman and eventual President of the United States Donald Trump , released during his 2016 campaign for President of the United States .   Somewhat based on Trump 's 1987 book Trump : The Art of the Deal , the film is presented as an autobiographical film by Trump made in 1988 as an adaptation of his book , and stars Johnny Depp as Trump , Michaela Watkins as Ivana Trump , and a supporting cast that includes Jack McBrayer , Stephen Merchant , Patton Oswalt , Alfred Molina , Henry Winkler , Andy Richter , Jacob Tremblay , Paul Scheer , Kristen Schaal , Jason Mantzoukas , and Ron Howard as himself .

negative: SpongeBob SquarePants: Plankton's Robotic Revenge SpongeBob SquarePants : Plankton 's Robotic Revenge is an action-adventure video game based on the hit television series , SpongeBob SquarePants . It was released in October 2013 for Wii U , Wii , Nintendo 3DS , Nintendo DS , PlayStation 3 , and Xbox 360 . The game was developed by Behaviour Interactive and published by Activision , who took over the license from previous SpongeBob SquarePants video game publisher THQ after the company 's bankruptcy and liquidation . This is also the first and only SpongeBob SquarePants game to be released for the PlayStation 3 and the Wii U thus far , as well as the first SpongeBob SquarePants game to be rated E10 + by the ESRB .

negative: To SquarePants or Not to SquarePants `` To SquarePants or Not to SquarePants '' , also known as `` To SquarePants or Not to '' , is the 9th episode of the sixth season and the 109th overall episode of the American animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants . It originally aired on Nickelodeon in the United States on July 17 , 2009 .   The series follows the adventures and endeavors of the title character and his various friends in the underwater city of Bikini Bottom . In this episode , SpongeBob 's pants have shrunk in the dryer . Unable to find a new pair , he tries round pants , but no one seems to recognizes him as SpongeBob RoundPants .   The episode 's animation was directed by supervising director , Alan Smart , and was written by Luke Brookshier , Nate Cash , and Steven Banks . On July 21 , 2009 , the DVD version of the episode was released . Upon release , the episode received positive reviews .

negative: SpongeBob SquarePants (season 3) The third season of the American animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants , created by Stephen Hillenburg , aired on Nickelodeon from October 5 , 2001 to October 11 , 2004 , and consists of 20 episodes . The series chronicles the exploits and adventures of the title character and his various friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom . The season was executive produced by series creator Hillenburg , who also acted as the showrunner . Hillenburg halted production on the show to work on the 2004 film adaptation of the series , The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie . After production on the film , Hillenburg resigned from the show as its showrunner , and appointed staff writer Paul Tibbitt to overtake the position . Season 3 was originally set to end the series after the release of the film , but the success prevented the series from ending , leading to a fourth season .   The season was well received by media critics and fans . During its run , SpongeBob SquarePants became ( and remains ) the highest rated children 's show on cable , with over 50 million viewers a month . The show received several recognitions , including its nomination at the Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Children 's Program . The episodes `` New Student Starfish '' and `` Clams '' were nominated for Outstanding Animated Program ( for Programming Less Than One Hour ) category , while the entry `` SpongeBob B.C. ( Ugh ) '' won the same category . The season was also the first time the show received a nomination at the Kids ' Choice Awards and won . It won the 2003 Kids ' Choice Awards for Favorite Cartoon , and also won the following year 's Kids ' Choice Award for the same category . Celebrities -- including Justin Timberlake , Kelly Osbourne , Britney Spears , Bruce Willis , Noel Gallagher , rapper Dr. Dre , and Mike Myers -- have been reported to be fans of the show .   Several compilation DVDs that contained episodes from the season were released . The SpongeBob SquarePants : The Complete 3rd Season DVD was released in Region 1 on September 27 , 2005 , Region 2 on December 3 , 2007 , and Region 4 on November 8 , 2007 .

negative: Mr. Krabs Eugene H. Krabs , commonly known as Mr. Krabs , is a fictional character in the American animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants . He is voiced by actor Clancy Brown and first appeared in the series ' pilot episode `` Help Wanted '' on May 1 , 1999 . The character was created and designed by marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg .   Mr. Krabs owns the Krusty Krab restaurant and lives in an anchor with his daughter Pearl , who is a sperm whale . Although Krabs is obsessed with money and dislikes spending it , he will go to great lengths to make Pearl happy . He tends to worry about his riches and neglect the needs of his employees , SpongeBob and Squidward . He is in a romantic relationship with Mrs. Puff and shares a rivalry with his former best friend Plankton , who owns a struggling restaurant called the Chum Bucket located across the street from the Krusty Krab .   Critical reception for Mr. Krabs was positive after the series ' debut but has been mixed as the show progressed , with critics offering praise toward his portrayal as a single father but criticism at a perceived exaggeration of greed . The character has been featured in a variety of merchandise , including plush toys , collectible figures , and video games . He also appears in the 2004 feature film The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie and its 2015 sequel The SpongeBob Movie : Sponge Out of Water .

negative: SpongeBob SquarePants: Operation Krabby Patty SpongeBob SquarePants : Operation Krabby Patty is a 2001 video game released by THQ featuring SpongeBob SquarePants .

negative: List of SpongeBob SquarePants characters The characters in SpongeBob SquarePants were created by artist , animator , and former marine biologist Stephen Hillenburg . In addition to the series ' main cast , various celebrities have voiced roles in SpongeBob SquarePants . Notably , Ernest Borgnine and Tim Conway voice the roles of recurring characters Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy respectively ( Joe Whyte assumed the role of Mermaid Man shortly after Ernest Borgnine 's death in 2012 ) , while others have taken a cameo part .

negative: SpongeBob SquarePants: Employee of the Month SpongeBob SquarePants : Employee of the Month is a 2002 point-and-click adventure video game developed by AWE Games and published by THQ for PC . It is based on the television show SpongeBob SquarePants , which premiered on Nickelodeon in 1999 .   The story focuses on SpongeBob SquarePants receiving two tickets to Neptune 's Paradise , a theme park . But many unexpected things happen along the way .

negative: The SpongeBob Musical The SpongeBob Musical is a comedy stage musical , co-conceived and directed by Tina Landau with songs by various artists and a book by Kyle Jarrow . It is based on the Nickelodeon animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants and made its world premiere on June 7 , 2016 at the Oriental Theatre in Chicago , where the show ran for a slightly extended period before closing on July 10 , 2016 . The show has been scheduled to premiere on Broadway at a currently unknown theater in late 2017 .

negative: Pizza Delivery (SpongeBob SquarePants) `` Pizza Delivery '' is the first segment of the fifth episode of the American animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants . The episode was written by Sherm Cohen , Aaron Springer , and Peter Burns , and the animation was directed by Sean Dempsey . Cohen also functioned as storyboard director , and Springer worked as storyboard artist . It originally aired on Nickelodeon in the United States on August 14 , 1999 .   In the episode , the Krusty Krab receives a call from a customer ordering a pizza , and Mr. Krabs sends SpongeBob and Squidward to deliver it . When the two employees become stranded in the middle of a desert , they get into numerous predicaments . Along the way , SpongeBob tries to show Squidward the way of the pioneers .   In pitching the show to Nickelodeon , creator Stephen Hillenburg originally wanted the idea of having the characters on a road trip , inspired by the 1989 film Powwow Highway . However , he eventually gave up the idea , and resurrected it in `` Pizza Delivery '' . The episode received critical acclaim , with most media critics considering it one of the best SpongeBob SquarePants episodes .

negative: SpongeBob SquarePants 4D: The Great Jelly Rescue SpongeBob SquarePants 4D : The Great Jelly Rescue ( often referred to as SpongeBob SquarePants 4D or simply The Great Jelly Rescue ) is a 4-D film attraction that serves a sequel to SpongeBob SquarePants 4-D . It follows SpongeBob , Patrick , and Sandy as they go jellyfishing .

negative: SpongeBob SquarePants 4-D SpongeBob SquarePants 4-D ( also known as SpongeBob SquarePants 4-D Ride , SpongeBob SquarePants : The Ride or SpongeBob SquarePants 3-D ) is a cel-shaded 4-D film based upon the popular television series SpongeBob SquarePants . It can be found at many aquariums and theme parks across the world . The ride consists of a pre-show which then leads into a stadium seated auditorium . The ride is in 4-D , meaning it is a motion simulator with a 3D movie . The effects on the ride vary at different parks . Water spray , bubbles , wind , leg ticklers , smoke , and smells are usually found .   The ride once appeared at Camp Snoopy in Mall of America as a film rotation of The Mystery Mine Ride . Instead of being in 4-D with special effects , the ride was in 3-D , and the seats would move ( causing a very realistic fall during the Rock Bottom sequence ) . Ironically , in Fall 2007 , the Mystery Mine Ride , which once housed SpongeBob SquarePants : The Ride , was demolished to make way for SpongeBob SquarePants Rock Bottom Plunge roller coaster , part of the park 's transformation into Nickelodeon Universe . In 2008 , SpongeBob SquarePants 4-D came to Nickelodeon Family Suites . On April 19 , 2013 , Nickelodeon Family Suites premiered a sequel called SpongeBob SquarePants 4D : The Great Jelly Rescue .

negative: List of SpongeBob SquarePants cast members SpongeBob SquarePants is an American animated television series created by marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg that debuted on Nickelodeon in the United States on May 1 , 1999 . The regular voice cast consists of Tom Kenny , Clancy Brown , Rodger Bumpass , Bill Fagerbakke , Mr. Lawrence , Jill Talley , Carolyn Lawrence , Mary Jo Catlett and Lori Alan . Most one-off and background characters are voiced by Dee Bradley Baker , Sirena Irwin , Bob Joles , Mark Fite and Thomas F. Wilson . Throughout the show 's run , it has employed numerous guest stars from many ranges of professions . Repeat guests include Ernest Borgnine , Tim Conway , Brian Doyle-Murray , Marion Ross , John O'Hurley and Michael McKean .   SpongeBob SquarePants chronicles the adventures and endeavors of the title character and his various friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom . Many of the ideas for the show originated in an unpublished , educational comic book titled The Intertidal Zone , which Hillenburg created in the mid-1980s . He began developing SpongeBob SquarePants into a television series in 1996 upon the cancellation of Rocko 's Modern Life , another Nickelodeon animated series which Hillenburg directed . While creating the show , Hillenburg , with colleague Derek Drymon , was also conducting auditions to find voices for the show 's characters . He turned to Kenny , who had worked with him on Rocko 's Modern Life , to voice the title character . The voice of SpongeBob was originally used by Kenny for a minor female alligator character named Al on that series .   Kenny and Catlett were the first cast members to receive award nominations for their performance on SpongeBob SquarePants . They each received Annie Award nominations in 2001 , but did not win . In 2010 , Kenny won the Annie Award for Best Voice Acting in a Television Production , making it the first time a cast member had won this type of award . Bumpass was the first cast member to be nominated for an Emmy Award , receiving a nomination in 2012 but losing to June Foray .

negative: SpongeBob's Atlantis SquarePantis (video game) SpongeBob 's Atlantis SquarePantis is a SpongeBob SquarePants video game based on the television series series and the Atlantis SquarePantis TV movie . This is the first SpongeBob game that is based on a made-for-TV movie . The game was released October 23 , 2007 . It is also the first SpongeBob game by Altron . The next one would be Drawn to Life : SpongeBob SquarePants Edition . This was the last SpongeBob game to be released for the PlayStation 2 and Game Boy Advance .

negative: SpongeBob SquarePants: The Yellow Avenger SpongeBob SquarePants : The Yellow Avenger is a SpongeBob video game developed by Tantalus Media and published by THQ for Nintendo DS and PlayStation Portable ( PSP ) . It is the first SpongeBob game on both consoles .

negative: SpongeBob's Atlantis SquarePantis SpongeBob 's Atlantis SquarePantis is a 2007 made-for-television musical comedy special directed by Andrew Overtoom . It stars Tom Kenny , Bill Fagerbakke , Rodger Bumpass , Clancy Brown , Carolyn Lawrence , and Mr. Lawrence . Atlantis SquarePantis originally aired on Nickelodeon in the United States on November 12 , 2007 , following a 12-hour-marathon of SpongeBob SquarePants episodes . In the film , SpongeBob ( voiced by Kenny ) and Patrick ( voiced by Fagerbakke ) discover a half of an ancient medallion that helps them & their friends get to the lost city of Atlantis .   It was written by Casey Alexander , Zeus Cervas , Steven Banks , and Dani Michaeli . British musician and actor David Bowie guest starred as the voice of Lord Royal Highness . Upon release , it attracted an estimated 8.8 million viewers . Despite this , the film has received generally unfavorable reviews from critics and audiences alike .

negative: Paul Tibbitt Paul Harrison Tibbitt is an American animator , television producer , writer , storyboard artist , songwriter , voice actor , and director , best known for working on the animated series SpongeBob SquarePants . He was the co-executive producer of the show and was also the voice of Potty the Parrot ; he has also voiced DoodleBob and previously voiced Betsy Krabs before Sirena Irwin took over . He made his feature film directorial debut directing The SpongeBob Movie : Sponge Out of Water . Tibbitt studied in the Character Animation program at the California Institute of the Arts .   After creator Stephen Hillenburg resigned in 2004 , Tibbitt took the position of showrunner for SpongeBob . Hillenburg , who continued to review episodes and offer suggestions to the series ' production crew after resigning , eventually returned to the show in 2015 as an executive producer , now having greater creative input and attending crew meetings . In 2015 , Vincent Waller , creative director of the series , and Marc Ceccarelli , a writer and storyboard director for the series , took Paul Tibbitt 's place as supervising producer and showrunner . It was also announced that Tibbitt would leave the series after season 9 to work on the third SpongeBob movie ( which is being produced without the involvement of the show 's crew by a separate crew ) , with no plans to return following the movie .

negative: SpongeBob SquarePants (character) SpongeBob SquarePants is the titular character and protagonist of the American animated television series of the same name . He is voiced by actor and comedian Tom Kenny , and first appeared on television in the series ' pilot episode on May 1 , 1999 .   SpongeBob SquarePants was created and designed by cartoonist and marine biologist Stephen Hillenburg shortly after the cancellation of Rocko 's Modern Life in 1996 . Hillenburg intended to create a series about an over-optimistic sponge that annoys other characters . Hillenburg compared the concept to Laurel and Hardy and Pee-wee Herman . As he drew the character , he decided that a `` squeaky-clean square '' ( like a kitchen sponge ) fit the concept . His name is derived from `` Bob the Sponge '' , the host of Hillenburg 's comic strip The Intertidal Zone that he originally drew in the 1980s while teaching marine biology to visitors of the Ocean Institute . SpongeBob is a naïve and goofy sea sponge who works as a fry cook in the fictional underwater town of Bikini Bottom .   The character has received positive critical response from media critics and achieved popularity with both children and adults , though he has been involved in public controversy . SpongeBob appeared in a We Are Family Foundation video promoting tolerance , which was criticized by James Dobson of Focus on the Family because of the foundation 's link to homosexuality .

negative: SpongeBob SquarePants: Lights, Camera, Pants! SpongeBob SquarePants : Lights , Camera , Pants ! is a 2005 party video game based on the TV series SpongeBob SquarePants . It was released in October 2005 for the Xbox , PlayStation 2 , GameCube , Game Boy Advance , and the PC . It was released for the Nintendo DS in Korea in 2007 , but its North American release was cancelled . It is the first SpongeBob SquarePants title to feature multiplayer mini-games , similar to the Mario Party video game series . It is also the last SpongeBob game for the Xbox . It is also the last time Charles Nelson Reilly would voice the Dirty Bubble before his death in 2007 .

negative: Stephen Hillenburg Stephen McDannell Hillenburg ( born August21 , 1961 ) is an American cartoonist , animator , director , producer , and writer . A former marine-biology teacher , he created SpongeBob SquarePants ( 1999 ) , which has gone on to become one of the longest-running American television series as well as the highest-rated show ever to air on Nickelodeon .   Born in Lawton , Oklahoma and raised in Anaheim , California , Hillenburg became fascinated with the ocean as a child and also developed an interest in art . He started his professional career in 1984 , instructing marine biology , at the Orange County Marine Institute , where he wrote The Intertidal Zone , an informative comic book about tide-pool animals , which he used to educate his students . In 1989 , two years after leaving teaching , Hillenburg enrolled at the California Institute of the Arts to pursue a career in animation . He was later offered a job on the Nickelodeon animated television series Rocko 's Modern Life ( 19931996 ) after his success with animated short films The Green Beret and Wormholes ( both 1992 ) , which he made while studying animation .   In 1994 , Hillenburg began developing The Intertidal Zone characters and concepts for what became SpongeBob SquarePants . The show premiered in 1999 and has since aired episodes . He also directed The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie ( 2004 ) , for which he received a nomination for an Annie Award for Directing in a Feature Production . Hillenburg 's decision was to end the television series once the film was completed ; however , Nickelodeon wanted to produce more episodes , so he resigned as the showrunner . He returned to making animated short films , with Hollywood Blvd. , USA ( 2013 ) .   Besides his two Emmy Awards and six Annie Awards for SpongeBob SquarePants , Hillenburg has also received other recognition , such as the Walk the Talk award from Heal the Bay for his efforts on elevating marine life awareness , and the Television Animation Award from the National Cartoonists Society . Despite this , he has been involved in several public controversies , including one that was centered on speculation over SpongeBob SquarePants ' intended sexual orientation , and a lawsuit that was filed against him .

negative: SpongeBob's Runaway Roadtrip SpongeBob 's Runaway Roadtrip is an anthology series of five episodes in the American animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants , as part of its eighth season . As the name suggests , the miniseries consisted of five Vacation themed episodes , the first four leading up to the premiere of the fifth . It is the second miniseries based on the Nickelodeon cartoon series SpongeBob SquarePants , which was originally released direct-to-DVD on September 20 , 2011 .

negative: SpongeBob's Truth or Square SpongeBob 's Truth or Square is a 2009 made-for-television one-hour comedy special in which Andrew Overtoom , supervising director , Alan Smart , and Tom Yasumi directed the animation . It stars Tom Kenny , Bill Fagerbakke , Rodger Bumpass , Clancy Brown , Carolyn Lawrence , and Mr. Lawrence . The special , marketed as a `` TV Movie '' , originally aired on Nickelodeon in the United States on November 6 , 2009 , celebrating the tenth anniversary of the American animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants .   The television series follows the adventures of the title character in the underwater city of Bikini Bottom . In the special , SpongeBob and his friends are accidentally locked inside the Krusty Krab on the day of its `` eleventy-seventh '' anniversary celebration . As they crawl through the ventilation system trying to escape , they look back on shared memories through flashback moments .   SpongeBob 's Truth or Square was written by Luke Brookshier , Nate Cash , Steven Banks , and Paul Tibbitt . Rosario Dawson , LeBron James , Tina Fey , Will Ferrell , Craig Ferguson , Robin Williams , P!nk , and Ricky Gervais guest starred in the special as themselves . Upon release , the special attracted an estimated 7.7 million viewers , but was met with mixed reviews from critics . Although critics generally spoke positively of the special 's main animated segments , most criticized the Patchy the Pirate scenes , which were described as unfunny .

negative: Rock Bottom (SpongeBob SquarePants) `` Rock Bottom '' is the 34th episode of the first season of the American animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants . It originally was produced in 1999 and aired on Nickelodeon in the United States on March 15 , 2000 . The series follows the adventures of the title character in the underwater city of Bikini Bottom . In the episode , SpongeBob becomes stranded in a hadopelagic zone called Rock Bottom .   The episode was written by Paul Tibbitt , Ennio Torresan , Jr. , and David Fain , and the animation was directed by Tom Yasumi . Upon release , `` Rock Bottom '' was viewed by two million households and received positive reviews from media critics .

negative: SpongeBob SquarePants (season 2) The second season of the American animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants , created by Stephen Hillenburg , aired on Nickelodeon from October 26 , 2000 , to July 26 , 2003 , and consists of 20 episodes . The series chronicles the exploits and adventures of the title character and his various friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom . The season was executive produced by series creator Hillenburg , who also acted as the showrunner .   During the season 's run , SpongeBob SquarePants became Nickelodeon 's 2 children 's program , behind Rugrats . Nearly 40 percent of SpongeBobs audience of 2.2 million were aged 18 to 34 . The show signed a marketing deal with Target Corporation and Burger King , expanding its merchandising , and SpongeBob 's popularity translated well into sales figures . In 2002 , the show itself was nominated at the Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Children 's Program . Tom Kenny and Mary Jo Catlett were individually nominated at the 29th Annie Awards for their voice performances as SpongeBob and Mrs. Puff , respectively . Peter Straus and Paul Tibbitt were also nominated at the ceremony for their work on the `` Christmas Who ? '' special . The episodes `` The Secret Box '' and `` Band Geeks '' won at the 2002 Golden Reel Awards for Best Sound Editing in Television -- Animation , while the episodes `` Jellyfish Hunter '' and `` The Fry Cook Games '' received a nomination for Best Sound Editing in Television Animation -- Music category .   Several compilation DVDs that contained episodes from the season were released . The SpongeBob SquarePants : The Complete 2nd Season DVD was released in Region 1 on October 19 , 2004 , Region 2 on October 23 , 2006 , and Region 4 on November 30 , 2006 .


query: There was a contribution to the discovery of the remains of King Richard III by the University of Leicester.

positive: University of Leicester The University of Leicester ( -LSB- ˈlɛstə -RSB- ) is a public research university based in Leicester , England . The main campus is south of the city centre , adjacent to Victoria Park .   The university established itself as a research-led university . It was previously ranking among the top 20 universities in the United Kingdom and was ranked 13th in 2014 by the Guardian . In 2008 , it was awarded University of the Year by the Times . As of 2016/17 the university is nationally ranked 25th in The Sunday Times Good University Guide , and 29th in the latest The Complete University Guide . It is ranked as one of the top 200 universities in the world by the Times in 2017 .   The university is most famous for the invention of genetic fingerprinting and contributing to the discovery and identification of the remains of King Richard III .

negative: Leicester Cathedral The Cathedral Church of St Martin , Leicester , usually known as Leicester Cathedral , is a Church of England cathedral in the English city of Leicester and the seat of the Bishop of Leicester . The church was elevated to a collegiate church in 1922 and made a cathedral in 1927 following the establishment of a new Diocese of Leicester in 1926 .   The remains of King Richard III were buried in the cathedral in 2015 after being discovered nearby .

negative: Turi King Turi King is a Canadian-British geneticist at the University of Leicester notable for `` cracking one of the biggest forensic DNA cases in history '' during the exhumation and reburial of Richard III of England .

negative: Greyfriars, Leicester Greyfriars , Leicester , was a friary of the Friars Minor , commonly known as the Franciscans , established on the west side of Leicester by 1250 , and dissolved in 1538 . Following dissolution the friary was demolished and the site levelled , subdivided , and developed over the following centuries . The locality has retained the name Greyfriars particularly in the streets named `` Grey Friars '' , and the older `` Friar Lane '' .   The friary is best known as the burial place of King Richard III who was hastily buried in the friary church following his death at the Battle of Bosworth . An archaeological dig in 2012/13 successfully identified the site of the Greyfriars church and the location of Richard 's burial . The grave site was incorporated into the ` Dynasty , Death and Discovery ' museum which opened in 2014 .

negative: Plantagenet Alliance The Plantagenet Alliance is a small grouping of individuals claiming to be descendants of the House of Plantagenet . The Alliance was formed in 2013 shortly after the discovery and identification of the remains of Richard III , the last Plantagenet king of England who died in 1485 , in order to advance their views on the location of Richard 's reburial . Reports of the number of members of the Alliance vary between fifteen and around forty .   The group campaigned to have Richard re-interred at York Minster , believing that , as his relatives , they knew his wishes . They referred to themselves as `` his Majesty 's representatives and voice '' . A campaign was launched in 2013 , and their activities included initiating a judicial review of decisions taken by the Ministry of Justice relating to the proposed re-interment in Leicester . The Alliance lost the judicial review and the campaign to have Richard buried in York failed . He was interred in Leicester Cathedral on 26 March 2015 .

negative: David Baldwin (historian) David Baldwin ( b. 22 December 1946 d. 4 April 2016 ) was a British historian , author and former university lecturer , who lived near Leicester , England .   Baldwin specialised in late Medieval history -- `` the great medieval families of the Midlands '' -- and wrote several books about the people and events of the Wars of the Roses . Before retiring from teaching , Baldwin had previously worked as a lecturer at both the University of Leicester and the University of Nottingham . In 1986 , over 25 years before the 2012 excavation and the discovery of the king 's body , he predicted that Richard III 's remains would be found at Greyfriars , Leicester .   In his 2010 book , Robin Hood : The English Outlaw Unmasked , Baldwin argued that the ` real ' Robin Hood was Roger Godberd , a disinherited supporter of Simon de Montfort . He drew attention to the many similarities between Godberd 's career and the stories told of Robin in the earliest ballads , and to a grave slab in Loxley churchyard in Warwickshire which appeared to be identical to one associated with Robin in earlier centuries .   In his 2007 book , The Lost Prince : The Survival of Richard of York , Baldwin discussed the possibility that the younger of the Princes in the Tower , Prince Richard , survived , and was the `` Richard Plantagenet '' who died in December 1550 at Eastwell in Kent . Richard had worked as a bricklayer at St. John 's Abbey , Colchester , until 1539 , but , unusually for someone of his class , could read Latin . He is sometimes said to have been an illegitimate son of King Richard III .   Baldwin was elected a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society in 2012 .   A religious man , Baldwin was a member of a Christadelphian congregation in Leicester .

negative: Ricardian (Richard III) Ricardians are people interested in altering the posthumous reputation of Richard III , King of England ( reigned 1483 -- 1485 ) . Richard III has long been portrayed unfavourably , most notably in William Shakespeare 's play Richard III . In an effort to turn this around and paint such characterizations as politically motivated , Ricardian historians ' work has produced editions of documents from Richard 's reign , research , and articles which have contributed to scholarship of England in the 1480s .   The two most notable societies of Ricardians are the Richard III Society and the Richard III Foundation , Inc. . A much smaller organisation , the Plantagenet Alliance , comprising collateral descendants of Richard III , is also considered to be Ricardian .

negative: Philippa Langley Philippa Jayne Langley , MBE ( born 29 June 1962 ) is a Scottish screenwriter and historian who is best known for her contribution to the exhumation of Richard III in 2012 .   Langley is the President of the Scottish branch of the Richard III Society . She attributes the discovery to a feeling she had when first visiting the northern end of the Social Services car park where the king was later found , having gone to Leicester for the purpose of finding out more about the historical figure for a screenplay she was writing ( though other members of the Richard III Society had suggested the three central car parks location as long ago as 1975 but an oversight in footnoting gave no evidence for it ) . According to Langley , `` the first time I stood in that car park , the strangest feeling just washed over me . I thought : ' I am standing on Richard 's grave ' . '' She proceeded to fundraise , organise and commission the excavation of the site , leading to the eventual discovery of Richard III 's remains . She later contributed to a documentary about the project , titled Richard III : The King in the Car Park based on her original Looking For Richard Project .   Langley is currently working on the screenplay for a proposed film on the life of Richard III , in which she hopes Richard will be portrayed by English actor Richard Armitage , who himself was named after the king . She is co-author , with Michael K. Jones , of The King 's Grave : The Search for Richard III ( US title : The King ` s Grave : The Discovery of Richard III 's Lost Burial Place and the Clues It Holds ) .   In 2014 , Langley detailed the years of research behind the Looking For Richard Project that got her to the northern end of the car park in Leicester in search of the church and grave in Finding Richard III : The Official Account of Research by the Retrieval & Reburial Project . The co-authored work includes chapters from Looking For Richard Project members , Dr. John Ashdown-Hill and Dr David and Wendy Johnson and is edited by Annette Carson .   In March 2015 , she backed a project to locate the remains of Henry I of England , who was buried at Reading Abbey which later fell into ruin .   Langley was awarded an MBE in 2015 for `` services to the exhumation and identification of Richard III '' .

negative: Richard III (biography) Richard III is a biography of said King of England by American historian Paul Murray Kendall . The book , published in 1955 , has remained the standard popular work on the controversial monarch .

negative: Richard of Wetheringsett Richard of Wetheringsett ( fl . 1200 -- 1230 ) is the earliest known chancellor of the University of Cambridge , where he served some time between 1215 and 1232 .   Most of what is known of Richard comes from his summa Qui bene presunt , which he wrote around 1220 . This shows that he was a student of William de Montibus at Lincoln Cathedral . Manuscripts of this work variously refer to him as Richard of Leicester , Richard of Wetheringsett , or Richard de Montibus , and some as the chancellor of Lincoln Cathedral . He is sometimes confused with Richard Leicester , who served as chancellor of the University of Cambridge in 1349 -- 50 . It has been speculated that he is Richard le Grant , chancellor of Lincoln Cathedral , and archbishop of Canterbury from 1229 until his premature death in 1231 .

negative: Richardus Tertius Richardus Tertius is a play written in Latin about King Richard III by Thomas Legge . The play was acted by St. John 's College , Cambridge in 1580 . It was possibly seen by two of the University Wits in Cambridge at the time : Christopher Marlowe and Robert Greene .   The play was never printed in its historical era ( in fact , not until 1844 ) ; but it survives in nine manuscripts , and is thought to have been well known in its time . Scholars have studied the relationships between Richardus Tertius and the later plays about Richard III , the anonymous play The True Tragedy of Richard III ( printed 1594 ) and Shakespeare 's Richard III . In one view , the unknown author of The True Tragedy used Legge 's play occasionally as a source , but Shakespeare did not .

negative: Richard III Experience at Monk Bar The Richard III Experience at Monk Bar ( formerly known as the Richard III Museum ) , is located in the tallest of the four gatehouses , Monk Bar , in the historical city walls of York , England . It describes the life of Richard III , the last king of the Plantagenet dynasty .   The museum explores his early life , and the battles that raged between the houses of Lancaster and York during the Wars of the Roses . It describes his reign and his death at the Battle of Bosworth . There are arms and armour from his reign , and multimedia presentations about the key battles of the Wars of the Roses .   In 2014 the Jorvik Group , ( which includes the Jorvik Viking Centre ) , took over the space within Monk Bar that housed the Richard III Museum , and created `` The Richard III Experience at Monk Bar '' . They also replaced the contents of the Micklegate Bar Museum and created `` The Henry VII Experience at Micklegate Bar '' .

negative: Richard Plantagenet (Richard of Eastwell) Richard Plantagenet or Richard of Eastwell ( ? 1469 - 22 December 1550 ) was a reclusive bricklayer who was claimed to be a son of Richard III , the last Plantagenet King of England .

negative: Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster Henry , 3rd Earl of Leicester and Lancaster ( c. 1281 -- 22 September 1345 ) was a grandson of King Henry III ( 1216-1272 ) of England and was one of the principals behind the deposition of King Edward II ( 1307-1327 ) , his first cousin .

negative: Richard III (disambiguation) Richard III ( 1452 -- 1485 ) was king of England 1483-1485 .   Richard III may also refer to :  Richard III ( play ) , a play by William Shakespeare  Richard III ( 1699 play ) , a play by Colley Cibber  Richard III ( 1852 play ) , a Shakespeare-inspired French play by Victor Séjour  Richard III ( biography ) , a 1955 biography of the English king by Paul Murray Kendall  `` Richard III '' ( song ) , a song by Supergrass  Richard III , Duke of Normandy ( 997 -- 1027 )  Richard III of Capua ( died 10 June 1120 )  Richard III of Gaeta ( died 1140 )

negative: Richard Plantagenet Richard Plantagenet may refer to :   Richard I of England ( 1157 -- 1199 ) , also known as Richard the Lionheart , third son of King Henry II of England  Richard , 1st Earl of Cornwall ( 1209 -- 1272 ) , second son of John of England and younger brother of Henry III of England  Richard II of England ( 1367 -- 1400 ) , son of Edward , the Black Prince  Richard Plantagenet , 3rd Duke of York ( 1411 -- 1460 ) , father of Edward IV of England  Richard III of England ( 1452 -- 1485 ) , the last Plantagenet king , son of Richard Plantagenet , 3rd Duke of York  Richard Plantagenet ( Richard of Eastwell ) ( 1469 -- 1550 ) , possible illegitimate son of Richard III of England  Richard of Shrewsbury , 1st Duke of York ( 1473 -- 1483 ) , second son of Edward IV of England and younger brother of Edward V of England  Richard Plantagenet ( 1476 -- 1477 ) , youngest child of George Plantagenet , 1st Duke of Clarence

negative: Richard III (song) `` Richard III '' is a song by the band Supergrass . It was the second single to be released from In It for the Money , the band 's second album . The single was preceded by `` Going Out '' , which was released over a year before . `` Richard III '' was released in March 1997 , and reached # 2 in the UK Singles Chart , their highest since `` Alright '' .   Both the 2nd CD ( of the CD release format ) and the 7 '' vinyl format have the `` Richard III '' cover design but with the colours altered instead .   The song 's name comes from the band 's method of creating working titles for songs - giving them people 's names . This was the third called `` Richard '' and the band liked the reference to the king Richard III and the Shakespeare play Richard III in which the king is depicted as a dark and evil character , as it matched the menacing tone of the song . Neither the king nor the play is mentioned in the song .   A Peel session of the song was released on the CD single for `` Mary '' .

negative: Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge Richard of Conisburgh , 3rd Earl of Cambridge ( c. 20 July 1375 -- 5 August 1415 ) was the second son of Edmund of Langley , 1st Duke of York , and Isabella of Castile . At the age of forty , he was beheaded for his part in the Southampton Plot , a conspiracy against King Henry V . He was the father of Richard Plantagenet , 3rd Duke of York , and the grandfather of King Edward IV and King Richard III .

negative: Exhumation and reburial of Richard III of England The exhumation and reburial of Richard III began with the discovery of the king 's remains within the site of the former Greyfriars Friary Church in Leicester , England , in September 2012 . Following extensive anthropological and genetic testing , the remains of Richard III , the last English king killed in battle , were ultimately reinterred at Leicester Cathedral on 26 March 2015 .   Richard III , the final ruler of the Plantagenet dynasty , was killed on 22 August 1485 in the Battle of Bosworth Field , the last significant battle of the Wars of the Roses . His body was taken to Greyfriars Friary in Leicester , where it was buried in a crude grave in the friary church . Following the friary 's dissolution in 1538 and subsequent demolition , Richard 's tomb was lost . An erroneous account arose that Richard 's bones had been thrown into the River Soar at the nearby Bow Bridge .   A search for Richard 's body began in August 2012 , initiated by the Looking for Richard project with the support of the Richard III Society . The archaeological excavation was led by the University of Leicester Archaeological Services , working in partnership with Leicester City Council . On the first day a human skeleton belonging to a man in his thirties was uncovered showing signs of severe injuries . The skeleton , which had several unusual physical features , most notably a severe curvature of the back , was exhumed to allow scientific analysis . Examination showed that the man had probably been killed either by a blow from a large bladed weapon , probably a halberd , which cut off the back of his skull and exposed the brain , or by a sword thrust that penetrated all the way through the brain . Other wounds on the skeleton had probably occurred after death as `` humiliation injuries '' , inflicted as a form of posthumous revenge .   The age of the bones at death matched that of Richard when he was killed ; they were dated to about the period of his death and were mostly consistent with physical descriptions of the king . Preliminary DNA analysis showed that mitochondrial DNA extracted from the bones matched that of two matrilineal descendants , one 17th-generation and the other 19th-generation , of Richard 's sister Anne of York . Taking these findings into account along with other historical , scientific and archaeological evidence , the University of Leicester announced on 4 February 2013 that it had concluded beyond reasonable doubt that the skeleton was that of Richard III .   As a condition of being allowed to disinter the skeleton , the archaeologists agreed that , if Richard were found , his remains would be reburied in Leicester Cathedral . A controversy arose as to whether an alternative reburial site , York Minster or Westminster Abbey , would be more suitable . A legal challenge confirmed there were no public law grounds for the courts to be involved in that decision . Reinterment took place in Leicester on 26 March 2015 , during a televised memorial service held in the presence of the Archbishop of Canterbury and senior members of other Christian denominations .

negative: Richard III of England Richard III ( 2 October 1452 -- 22 August 1485 ) was King of England from 1483 until his death in 1485 , at the age of 32 , in the Battle of Bosworth Field . He was the last king of the House of York and the last of the Plantagenet dynasty . His defeat at Bosworth Field , the last decisive battle of the Wars of the Roses , marked the end of the Middle Ages in England . He is the subject of the historical play Richard III by William Shakespeare .   When his brother King Edward IV died in April 1483 , Richard was named Lord Protector of the realm for Edward 's son and successor , the 12-year-old Edward V . As the young king travelled to London from Ludlow , Richard met and escorted him to lodgings in the Tower of London , where Edward V 's own brother Richard of Shrewsbury joined him shortly afterwards . Arrangements were made for Edward 's coronation on 22 June 1483 ; but , before the young king could be crowned , his father 's marriage to his mother Elizabeth Woodville was declared invalid , making their children illegitimate and ineligible for the throne . On 25 June , an assembly of Lords and commoners endorsed the claims . The following day , Richard III began his reign , and he was crowned on 6 July 1483 . The young princes were not seen in public after August , and accusations circulated that the boys had been murdered on Richard 's orders , giving rise to the legend of the Princes in the Tower .   There were two major rebellions against Richard . The first , in October 1483 , was led by staunch allies of Edward IV and Richard 's former ally , Henry Stafford , 2nd Duke of Buckingham ; but the revolt collapsed . In August 1485 , Henry Tudor and his uncle , Jasper Tudor , led a second rebellion . Henry Tudor landed in southern Wales with a small contingent of French troops and marched through his birthplace , Pembrokeshire , recruiting soldiers . Henry 's force engaged Richard 's army and defeated it at the Battle of Bosworth Field in Leicestershire . Richard was struck down in the conflict , making him the last English king to die in battle on home soil and the first since Harold Godwinson ( who was killed at the Battle of Hastings in 1066 ) . Henry then ascended the throne as Henry VII .   After the battle Richard 's corpse was taken to Leicester and buried without pomp . His original tomb monument is believed to have been removed during the Reformation , and his remains were lost for more than five centuries , believed to have been thrown into the River Soar . In 2012 , an archaeological excavation was commissioned by the Richard III Society on a city council car park on the site once occupied by Greyfriars Priory Church . The University of Leicester identified the skeleton found in the excavation as that of Richard III as a result of radiocarbon dating , comparison with contemporary reports of his appearance , and comparison of his mitochondrial DNA with that of two matrilineal descendants of Richard III 's eldest sister , Anne of York . Richard 's remains were reburied in Leicester Cathedral on 26 March 2015 .

negative: King Richard III Stakes | -RCB-   The King Richard III Stakes is a Listed flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged four years or older . It is run over a distance of 7 furlongs ( 1540 yd ) at Leicester in April .

negative: The True Tragedy of Richard III The True Tragedy of Richard III is an anonymous Elizabethan history play on the subject of Richard III of England . It has attracted the attention of scholars of English Renaissance drama principally for the question of its relationship with Shakespeare 's Richard III .   The title spelling that appears on the cover page of the quarto is The True Tragedie of Richard the third .   ( The True Tragedy of Richard III should not be confused with The True Tragedy of Richard , Duke of York ; the latter is the early alternative version of Shakespeare 's Henry VI , Part 3 . )

negative: Richard III (play) Richard III is a historical play by William Shakespeare , believed to have been written in approximately 1592 . It depicts the Machiavellian rise to power and subsequent short reign of King Richard III of England . The play is grouped among the histories in the First Folio and is most often classified as such . Occasionally , however , as in the quarto edition , it is termed a tragedy . Richard III concludes Shakespeare 's first tetralogy ( also containing Henry VI parts 1 -- 3 ) .   It is the second longest play in the canon after Hamlet , and is the longest of the First Folio , whose version of Hamlet is shorter than its Quarto counterpart . The play is rarely performed unabridged ; often , certain peripheral characters are removed entirely . In such instances extra lines are often invented or added from elsewhere in the sequence to establish the nature of characters ' relationships . A further reason for abridgment is that Shakespeare assumed that his audiences would be familiar with the Henry VI plays , and frequently made indirect references to events in them , such as Richard 's murder of Henry VI or the defeat of Henry 's queen , Margaret .

negative: Leicester Castle Leicester Castle is in the city of the same name in the English county of Leicestershire . The complex is situated in the west of Leicester City Centre , between Saint Nicholas Circle to the north and De Montfort University to the south . A large motte and the Great Hall are the two substantial remains of what was once a large defensive structure . The hall is now encased in a Queen Anne style frontage .

negative: University of Northampton (13th century) The University of Northampton was based in Northampton , England , from 1261 to 1265 .   The university was established by Royal Charter after approval from King Henry III in 1261 . It was the third university in England , after Oxford and Cambridge , and the 22nd in Europe . After being advised by bishops and magnates that Northampton was a threat to Oxford , Henry III dissolved the university in 1265 , and signed a Royal Decree that banned the establishment of a university in Northampton .   In 2005 the decree was repealed by the Privy Council , allowing the then University College Northampton ( founded in 1924 ) to gain university status and become the University of Northampton .

negative: Richard I of England Richard I ( 8 September 1157 -- 6 April 1199 ) was King of England from 6 July 1189 until his death . He also ruled as Duke of Normandy , Aquitaine and Gascony , Lord of Cyprus , Count of Poitiers , Anjou , Maine , and Nantes , and Overlord of Brittany at various times during the same period . He was the third of five sons of King Henry II of England and Duchess Eleanor of Aquitaine . He was known as Richard Cœur de Lion or Richard the Lionheart because of his reputation as a great military leader and warrior . He was also known in Occitan as Oc e No ( Yes and No ) , because of his reputation for terseness .   By the age of 16 , Richard had taken command of his own army , putting down rebellions in Poitou against his father . Richard was a central Christian commander during the Third Crusade , leading the campaign after the departure of Philip II of France and scoring considerable victories against his Muslim counterpart , Saladin , although he did not retake Jerusalem from Saladin .   Richard spoke both French and Occitan . He was born in England , where he spent his childhood ; before becoming king , however , he lived most of his adult life in the Duchy of Aquitaine , in the southwest of France . Following his accession , he spent very little time , perhaps as little as six months , in England . Most of his life as king was spent on Crusade , in captivity , or actively defending his lands in France . Rather than regarding his kingdom as a responsibility requiring his presence as ruler , he has been perceived as preferring to use it merely as a source of revenue to support his armies . Nevertheless , he was seen as a pious hero by his subjects . He remains one of the few kings of England remembered by his epithet , rather than regnal number , and is an enduring iconic figure both in England and in France .

negative: Tudor myth The `` Tudor myth '' is the tradition in English history , historiography and literature that presents the period of the 15th century , including the Wars of the Roses , in England as a dark age of anarchy and bloodshed . It served the political purpose of promoting the Tudor period of the 16th century as a golden age of peace , law , order , and prosperity .   Conspicuous in this tradition of history writing and literature was the portrayal of Richard III of England ( 1452 -- 1485 ; reigned , 1483 -- 1485 ) as a deformed hunchback and murderer . One of the historians who founded this tradition was Thomas More , who wrote a history of Richard III of England . William Shakespeare continued in this tradition through his history plays that covered the 15th century : Richard II , Henry IV , Part 1 , Henry IV , Part 2 , Henry V , Henry VI , Part 1 , Henry VI , Part 2 , Henry VI , Part 3 , and Richard III . This tradition dominated the writing of British/Commonwealth-American history up until the twentieth century . However , Horace Walpole and Sir George Buck contradicted this dominant school of historiography during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries .   The revisionist historian Paul Murray Kendall , author of Richard III ( 1956 ) , among others , was instrumental in drawing the attention of fellow historians to the distortions of this tradition . ( See also , historical revisionism . )   The concept of Merry England takes the opposite view of this period . More specifically , Ricardian historians , the Richard III Society and The Society of Friends of King Richard III have striven to provide historical perspectives more favourable to Richard III and his achievements during his brief reign .

negative: Edmund Plantagenet Edmund Plantagenet may refer to :   Edmund , Earl of Rutland ( 1443 -- 1460 ) , son of Richard , Duke of York  Edmund of Woodstock , 1st Earl of Kent ( 1301 -- 1330 )  Edmund , 2nd Earl of Kent  Edmund Crouchback , 1st Earl of Leicester and Lancaster , Crusader , son of King Henry III of England  Prince Edmund ( Blackadder ) , Prince Edmund Plantagenet , the main character of the first series of Blackadder

negative: Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York Richard of York , 3rd Duke of York KG ( 21 September 1411 -- 30 December 1460 ) , was a leading English magnate , a great-grandson of King Edward III through his father , and a great-great-great-grandson of the same king through his mother . He inherited vast estates and served in various offices of state in Ireland , France , and England , a country he ultimately governed as Lord Protector during the madness of King Henry VI .   His conflicts with Henry 's wife , Margaret of Anjou , and other members of Henry 's court , as well as his competing claim on the throne , were a leading factor in the political upheaval of mid-fifteenth-century England , and a major cause of the Wars of the Roses . Richard eventually attempted to take the throne , but was dissuaded , although it was agreed that he would become king on Henry 's death . But within a few weeks of securing this agreement , he died in battle .   Although Richard never became king himself , he was the father of King Edward IV and King Richard III .

negative: Robert de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Leicester Robert de Beaumont , 1st Earl of Leicester ( Sometime between 1040 & 1050 -- 5 June 1118 ) , also known as Robert of Meulan , count of Meulan , was a powerful Norman nobleman , one of the companions of William the Conqueror during the Norman Conquest of England , and was revered as one of the wisest men of his age . Chroniclers spoke highly of his eloquence , his learning , and three kings of England valued his counsel .

negative: The Crusade and Death of Richard I The Crusade and Death of Richard I is a mid-13th century Anglo-Norman prose chronicle by an anonymous author . It tells of the journey of Richard the Lionheart , King of England to the Holy Land on the Third Crusade ( kings ' Crusade ) from 1190 to 1191 . The chronicle details the trip through France , Sicily , and Cyprus , as well as the siege and capture of Acre , Richard 's capture in Austria on the return trip , and his eventual return to England . Later it describes his campaigns against Philip II of France in Normandy , and his death at Châlus in 1199 . It is based on the writings by Roger of Howden , Roger of Wendover and Matthew Paris .

negative: Alderman Newton's School Alderman Newton 's School was a secondary school in Leicester . The original school was opened in 1784 , thanks to money bequeathed by a former Mayor of Leicester , Gabriel Newton . The school closed in 1999 .   Land at Greyfriars acquired by the school in 1863 later proved to be the site of the grave of King Richard III .

negative: Richard Aldridge Richard John Aldridge ( 1945 -- 4 February 2014 ) was a British palaeontologist who was the Bennett Professor of geology at the University of Leicester .   Aldridge 's career began at Southampton University before moving to a temporary lectureship at University College London and then to Nottingham University where he remained until 1989 when , during the Oxburgh Review of Earth Sciences , he moved to his current institution , the University of Leicester , where he served two terms as Head of Department . Aldridge 's research has been focused primarily on the conodont biostratigraphy and palaeobiology and one of his seminal contributions has been to uncover the vertebrate nature of the long-enigmatic conodont animal , principally in collaboration with Derek Briggs and Euan Clarkson . This was achieved through careful analysis of skeletal remains , but also through analysis of rare soft tissue remains of conodonts . This led naturally to Aldridge 's current research focus which is fossil Lagerstätten . Aldridge was awarded the Pander Medal of the Pander society in 2006 . He was President of the Palaeontological Association and of the British Micropalaeontological Society ( 1995-1998 ) .


query: Sledgehammer was first performed live in Canada.

positive: 2014 MTV Europe Music Awards The 2014 MTV EMAs ( also known as the MTV Europe Music Awards ) were held at The SSE Hydro , Glasgow , Scotland on 9 November 2014 . Bruce Gillmer , from Viacom International Media Network ( VIMN ) , confirmed the ceremony would be held in Glasgow for the first time . This was the first time since 2003 when the awards were held in Scotland and the fifth time the United Kingdom has hosted the MTV EMA since the show was hosted in Belfast , Northern Ireland . The event showcases the world 's hottest musical acts in a different city each year . The event was hosted by Nicki Minaj .   Ariana Grande opened the show with `` Problem '' and `` Break Free '' . Additional performances from The Magician , Years & Years , Vance Joy and Alicia Keys were featured at the O2 Academy Glasgow . Ozzy Osbourne received the award for Global Icon from Slash . Slash closed the show performing `` Crazy Train '' featuring The Conspirators and with Myles Kennedy and Simon Neil from Biffy Clyro on vocals .   One Direction and 5 Seconds Of Summer were the biggest winners of the night with three wins , followed by Ariana Grande and Katy Perry .

positive: Sledgehammer (Fifth Harmony song) `` Sledgehammer '' is a song recorded by American girl group Fifth Harmony . It was written by Jonas Jeberg , Meghan Trainor and Sean Douglas , and was produced by both Jeberg and Harvey Mason , Jr. . It was released on October 28 , 2014 as the second single from their debut studio album Reflection ( 2015 ) . Musically , `` Sledgehammer '' is a synthpop and electronic dance song with new wave influences , lyrically , its about strong feelings for someone that are hard to ignore .   Commercially , the song peaked at number 40 on the US Billboard Hot 100 , making it their first top 40 entry . It also appeared on the US Mainstream Top 40 and Adult Pop Songs charts at numbers 21 and 36 respectively . It was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America on June 26 , 2015 . In Canada , it reached a peak of number 63 on the Canadian Hot 100 . An accompanying music video for the song , choreographed and directed by Fatima Robinson , was released on the band 's Vevo page . They first performed the song live at the 2014 MTV Europe Music Awards pre-show and would make later appearances on Good Morning America , Access Hollywood Live , The Talk , the Today Show and The Ellen DeGeneres Show .

negative: Sledgehammer (film) Sledgehammer is a 1983 horror film written and directed by David A. Prior .

negative: The Sledgehammer Files: The Best of Soilwork 1998–2008 The Sledgehammer Files : The Best of Soilwork 1998 -- 2008 is a greatest hits compilation by the Swedish melodic death metal band Soilwork , released in 2010 on Avalon Marquee Records .

negative: Sledgehammer Games Sledgehammer Games , Inc. is an American video game developer , formed in 2009 by industry veterans Glen Schofield and Michael Condrey . The pair formerly worked at Visceral Games and are responsible for the creation of Dead Space , but left before the development of the sequels . The company is an independent , wholly owned subsidiary of Activision and is based in Foster City , California . This studio is known for co-developing Call of Duty : Modern Warfare 3 with Infinity Ward , and developing Call of Duty : Advanced Warfare , which released in 2014 .

negative: Glass Tiger: Live Glass Tiger : Live is Canadian band Glass Tiger 's first Live album . It was record at The Phoenix Club , Toronto , Ontario , Canada on March 19 , 2005 . The album is distributed through the band 's website and at live shows .

negative: Sledgehammer Mission Support Site Sledgehammer Mission Support Site ( also known as Sledgehammer MSS , Cu Grok , Hill 1438 or Heavy Drop ) was a MACV-SOG base located west of Pleiku , in Kontum Province .

negative: Canadian Tour (Motley Crue Tour) The North American Tour was a concert tour by American heavy metal band Mötley Crüe . The tour originally only had plans to run through Canada and was described as the band 's biggest Canadian tour ever ( 18 shows ) as their previous Canadian tours were up to 5 shows . The opening act for most of the tour was Big Wreck . On May 4 , 2013 in Estevan , Saskatchewan , lead guitarist Mick Mars , who already suffers from Ankylosing spondylitis , got knocked down by a fan who was going after lead vocalist Vince Neil , causing the other band members to get upset towards the fan who was tackled to the ground on-stage by security , and even violent in bass guitarist Nikki Sixx 's case as he kicked the fan while he was lying on the ground . The band left the stage and announced to the audience that it was uncertain if they would return to finish the concert , but a few moments later they did however come back on-stage and play the remaining songs on their setlist . Eleven dates in the U.S. were later added to the tour .

negative: Kick Axe Kick Axe is a Canadian heavy metal band from Regina , Saskatchewan . Influenced by rambunctious arena rock from the 70s and early 80s , the group is perhaps best known for their 1984 album Vices , praised by publications such as Allmusic for its `` down-and-dirty guitar riffs '' and notably managing to crack the American market . The band achieved moderate commercial success in the mid-1980s on the strength of the singles `` Heavy Metal Shuffle '' , `` On the Road to Rock '' , and `` Rock The World '' . Following the release of their 1986 album Rock the World , Kick Axe disbanded and remained on hiatus for many years . In 2004 , they re-emerged with the album Kick Axe IV .   The band 's `` classic '' mid-1980s lineup consisted of George Criston ( vocals ) , Larry Gillstrom ( lead guitar ) , Raymond Harvey ( lead guitar ) , Brian Gillstrom ( drums ) , and Victor Langen ( bass guitar ) . Vocalist Criston did not return for the band 's 2004 reunion , being replaced by Gary Langen , who had actually been a founding member of the band in the late 1970s .

negative: Live at the Nighttown, Rotterdam Live at the Nighttown , Rotterdam is the first live album by Crossover thrash band Excel . Tracks on the album are taken from a live concert performed in Rotterdam , Netherlands the November 14 , 1989 at the end of a tour in the European country . The song `` Blaze Some Hate '' was played twice , the first is a broken string version , performed only on drums and vocals .

negative: Live (Our Lady Peace album) Live is Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace 's first live album . It was recorded during their cross-Canadian `` Fear of the Trailer Park '' tour in support of their 5th studio album , Gravity . The dates recorded for this album included January 27 , 2003 and January 28 , 2003 in Calgary and Edmonton in Alberta , Canada ; and on February 5 , 2003 in Montreal , Quebec , Canada . It was released on June 24 , 2003 by Columbia Records . A DVD of the performances was released on November 11 , 2003 .   The first track segues in from the faint sounds of a hidden track from Spiritual Machines '' .

negative: Sledgehammer (disambiguation) A sledgehammer is a large manual impact tool which has a metal head distinguishing it from a mallet with head made of softer material .   Sledgehammer or Sledge Hammer may also refer to :

negative: Sledgehammer A sledgehammer is a tool with a large , flat , often metal head , attached to a lever ( or handle ) . The size of its head allows a sledgehammer to apply more force than other hammers of similar size . Along with the mallet , it shares the ability to distribute force over a wide area . This is in contrast to other types of hammers , which concentrate force in a relatively small area .

negative: Earle Grey Players The Earle Grey Players were a professional theater company in Canada during the 1940s and 1950s . Founded by Earle Grey and his wife , Mary Godwin , the company specialized in Shakespearean productions , and were responsible for founding the first Shakespeare Festival in Canada in 1949 . In addition to holding its annual festival , the Players also toured the country , performing Shakespeare in schools , often providing students with their first exposure to seeing Shakespeare performed live .

negative: Slik Toxik Slik Toxik was a Canadian hard rock band formed in 1988 in Toronto .

negative: Sledgeback Sledgeback is a Seattle , Washington punk rock band formed in early 2004 , with Hungarian born American guitarist Gábor Szakácsi as the front man . Former member of the long-standing influential Hungarian punk rock outfit C.A.F.B. , `` Gabi Hun '' moved to Seattle not knowing a word of English , and soon after formed Sledgeback .

negative: Air: Above and Beyond Air : Above and Beyond is a live album performed by multi-instrumentalist Joe McPhee 's Trio X recorded in Canada in 2006 and first released on the CIMP label .

negative: AMD K8 The AMD K8 Hammer , also code-named SledgeHammer , is a computer processor microarchitecture designed by AMD as the successor to the AMD K7 Athlon microarchitecture . The K8 was the first implementation of the AMD64 64-bit extension to the x86 instruction set architecture .

negative: Operation Sledgehammer (2007) Operation Sledgehammer ( 2007 ) was a military search operation during the 2003 Iraq war . The search was carried out in an attempt to disrupt militia influence and violence in the town of Jabella , Iraq 22 June 2007 .

negative: Shovelhead (band) Shovelhead , stylized SHOVELHEAD , is a Canadian rock band formed in 1995 in Montreal , Canada . The band consists of Marko Rakic ( lead vocals , guitar , keyboards ) , Nikola Rakic ( drums , backing vocals ) , Youri Targiroff ( lead guitar , backing vocals ) and Alexander Rakic ( bass , backing vocals ) . Before the name SHOVELHEAD was chosen in 1995 , all four members had played informally together or together as part of cover bands from their teenage years on . It was during the period just prior to the recording of their debut album , Pocus Cadabra , that the quartet first decided to take a more serious approach . Their first originals were recorded by Canadian platinum producer Glen Robinson and released independently as a full length CD titled Pocus Cadabra in 1996 . SHOVELHEAD eventually secured management with entertainment attorney Jonathan Levin in Los Angeles in late 1997 and signed with Chicago based independent label QED Entertainment . SHOVELHEAD moved to Los Angeles in the summer of 1998 and showcased for several major labels in the Los Angeles area seeking major label distribution . Although no contracts materialized , SHOVELHEAD continued promoting themselves as independent artists . As the importance of major labels continued to wane , the band continued self promoting and touring and continued to record and release material independently .   SHOVELHEAD followed the release of Pocus Cadabra with two more full length studio recordings , Dark Horse ( 1999 ) produced by SHOVELHEAD and recorded and mixed by producer Glen Robinson and Arson & Lace ( 2007 ) . Although Arson & Lace was recorded in 2003 , it was shelved and only released in 2007 due to contractual obligations . SHOVELHEAD is currently working on their fourth full length recording tentatively titled Killer Waves scheduled for release early spring 2015 .

negative: Operation Sledgehammer Operation Sledgehammer was a World War II Allied plan for a cross-Channel invasion of Europe , as the first step in helping to reduce pressure on the Soviet Red Army by establishing a Second Front . Essentially , Allied forces were to seize the French ports of either Brest or Cherbourg during the early autumn of 1942 along with areas of the Cotentin Peninsula , and then amass troops for a breakout in the spring of 1943 , and as such , was a contingency alternative to Operation Roundup , the original Allied plan for the invasion of Europe in 1943 .   The operation was eagerly pressed for by both the United States military and the Soviet Union but rejected by the British . As a result , Sledgehammer was never carried out ; in addition , planners decided it was impractical . This perception was reinforced by the failure of the smaller Dieppe Raid , in August 1942 . Instead the British proposal for an invasion of French North Africa took place in November 1942 under the code name Operation Torch .

negative: Annihilator (band) Annihilator is a Canadian thrash metal band founded in 1984 by vocalist , guitarist , bassist , songwriter , engineer , producer , mixer and mastering engineer Jeff Waters and former vocalist John Bates . They are the highest-selling heavy metal group from Canada in Canadian history , having sold more than three million albums worldwide , although most of their sales have been generated outside of the band 's home country . Along with Sacrifice , Voivod and Razor , Annihilator is credited as one of the `` Big 4 '' of Canadian thrash metal .   Since its inception , Annihilator has released fifteen studio albums and has undergone many line-up changes . Waters is the only remaining original member left in the band , and usually assembles touring musicians to perform with him . Annihilator 's first two studio albums -- Alice in Hell ( 1989 ) and Never , Neverland ( 1990 ) -- are considered to be influential Canadian heavy metal records . Many of their later albums also received high praise from critics , and enjoyed some success in Europe and Japan . Their latest studio album , Suicide Society , was released in 2015 .

negative: Sloche (band) Sloche were a 1970s progressive rock band from Quebec , Canada .   The band 's name comes from the word used in Quebec for wet snow . It is an English word , ` slush ' , but is written so as to sound the same in French .

negative: Blitz//Berlin Blitz / / Berlin is a Canadian band based in Toronto , Ontario . Formally known as Theset , the longtime friends and musicians began creating scores for independent films and re-entered the scene as an electro punk group in 2013 .   The trio composed the score to the sci-fi horror film Extraterrestrial , released in October 2014 , also featuring their original song `` Leviathan '' . In September 2013 they released their debut mixtape `` One '' , including the songs `` Drink '' , `` Outside '' , and `` Legend '' They held their first show at The Drake Hotel in Toronto on March 27 , 2014 The band released their debut album Distance on October 25 , 2015 , including the single `` Jesus Shoes '' , the video for which premiered via Noisey .   In 2016 they composed the critically acclaimed music to the official trailer for The Girl On The Train featuring a sample of Kanye West 's Heartless . and the score for the Canadian science-fiction horror film The Void .

negative: Razor (band) Razor is a Canadian speed/thrash metal band formed in 1983 at Guelph , Ontario . Pioneers of Canadian thrash metal , Razor has been referred to as one of the country 's `` big four '' , alongside Sacrifice , Voivod and Annihilator . The group shot music videos for songs such as `` Evil Invaders '' , `` Shotgun Justice '' , `` American Luck '' , and `` Sucker for Punishment '' . The band dissolved in 1992 , but reformed in the late 1990s to record another album , titled Decibels , in 1997 .   The band are currently planning to record another studio album . Guitarist and primary songwriter Dave Carlo has been the only permanent member in the band 's 30-year history .   Razor were featured on the 2005 `` The Gates of Hell Tour '' . They also headlined the 2009 `` Headbangers Open Air '' festival in Germany in July 2009 . In the United States and Canada they have toured with well-known acts such as Slayer , Motörhead and Venom . In February 2011 Razor headlined the `` True Thrash Festival '' in Osaka , Japan . A DVD of this performance was released in Japan in February 2012 . In Canada , they last appeared at a charity event in Toronto on June 21 , 2014 .   On April 19 , 2012 , guitarist Dave Carlo was diagnosed with stage 2 oral cancer . He was successfully treated and is planning on playing live with Razor in 2015 . The band played at the 2015 Maryland Deathfest and is scheduled to play at the 2016 California Deathfest among other shows .   The band has also signed a deal to release Violent Restitution , Shotgun Justice and Open Hostility through Relapse Records .

negative: Sister Sledge Sister Sledge is an American musical vocal group from Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . Formed in 1971 , the group consisted of sisters Debbie , Joni , Kim and Kathy Sledge . Symbolizing strong family values , the siblings achieved international success at the height of the disco era . The year 1979 saw the release of their breakthrough album We Are Family , which peaked at number three on the US Album Chart and went Platinum . The album included the 1979 single `` We Are Family '' which reached number two on the US Billboard Hot 100 and earned them a Grammy Award nomination , together with two other 1979 top 20 international hits `` He 's the Greatest Dancer '' and `` Lost in Music '' .   Their other US hits include a 1982 remake of Mary Wells ' 1964 hit , `` My Guy '' , and other international hits include `` Mama Never Told Me '' ( 1975 ) , `` Thinking of You '' ( 1984 ) , before reaching number one on the UK Singles Chart with the song `` Frankie '' in 1985 . Remixed versions of three of their singles in 1993 returned them to the UK Top 20 . Following Kathy 's departure in 1989 , the group then operated as a trio ( with Kathy occasionally re-joining for one-off performances and several releases in the 1990s ) until Joni 's death in 2017 . In 2015 , Sister Sledge performed for Pope Francis at the World Festival of Families in Philadelphia .

negative: R40 Live R40 Live is the name for both the live audio album release , and the live video release , of Canadian rock band Rush 's R40 Live Tour . Both formats were released November 20 , 2015 . The performances were filmed on June 17 and 19 , 2015 , at Air Canada Centre , Toronto , Canada . The performance featured on Disc 3 of `` The Camera Eye '' was recorded in Kansas City , Missouri on July 9 , 2015 , and `` The Wreckers '' was recorded in Buffalo , New York . Additionally , `` Losing It '' was recorded in Los Angeles on August 1 .   The audio CD album consists of three discs . Disc 1 contains the entire first set , disc 2 contains the second set , and disc 3 contains the encore , and seven bonus tracks .   The video DVD/Blu-ray versions only contains the first three of the seven bonus tracks .

negative: Live @ ATP Live @ ATP is a collection of songs recorded during the performance of Boards of Canada at All Tomorrow 's Parties on 7 April 2001 . These songs were later released onto P2P networks where they are still widely available . Along with a few known songs , the majority of the songs have never before been released and are unnamed . This performance was not formally released by Boards of Canada .

negative: Canada men's national ice sledge hockey team The Canadian national ice sledge hockey team is the ice sledge hockey team representing Canada . The team has been overseen since 2003 by Hockey Canada , a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation , and participates in international competitions . From 1993 until 2003 , the team was an associate member of Hockey Canada .   The team is featured in the 2008 documentary `` Sledhead '' .

negative: Past and Present – Live in Concert Past and Present -- Live in Concert is the first live album by Canadian heavy metal band Anvil , released in 1989 .

negative: Snakes & Arrows Tour The Snakes & Arrows Tour was a concert tour by Canadian rock Rush to promote the studio album Snakes & Arrows . The first leg of the tour began on June 13 , 2007 in Atlanta and concluded on October 29 , 2007 at Hartwall Arena in Helsinki , Finland . The 2008 portion of the tour started on April 11 , 2008 in San Juan , Puerto Rico at José Miguel Agrelot Coliseum and ended on July 24 , 2008 in Noblesville , Indiana at the Verizon Wireless Amphitheatre . The tour was Rush 's most successful to date , grossing nearly $ 65 million . At 114 shows , it is Rush 's second-longest tour , after the Hemispheres tour .   Rush released the double live album Snakes & Arrows Live on April 15 , 2008 , documenting the 2007 leg . It contains the entire 2007 setlist recorded over two days in Rotterdam , Netherlands . The album features the song `` Distant Early Warning '' in place of `` Summertime Blues '' .   During this tour , Rush once again used their connections to add humor to their performances . `` The Larger Bowl ( A Pantoum ) '' featured an intro from SCTV 's own Bob and Doug McKenzie , while `` Tom Sawyer '' was preceded by an intro from South Park characters Cartman , Stan , Kyle , and Kenny .

negative: Live & Loud 2009 Live & Loud 2009 is Buckcherry 's first live album , released on September 29 , 2009 . The tracks were recorded during the band 's live performance on May 5 at the Shaw Conference Centre in Edmonton , Alberta , Canada for the Cinco De Mayo Bash held by local radio station CFBR-FM as well as from performances in Medicine Hat , Calgary , Regina , Saskatoon and Vancouver . It features singles from past albums such as `` Lit Up '' , `` Ridin ' '' , `` Sorry '' , `` Crazy Bitch '' , and `` For the Movies '' and songs from their 2008 album Black Butterfly .

negative: Live Damage (Fuck the Facts album) Live Damage is the first live album by Canadian grindcore band Fuck the Facts . It was released in 2003 on Australian DIY label Smell the Stench on cassette only . Many of the live recordings can be found on other splits that Fuck the Facts has released over the years . The A side of the tape is the first show while the last 2 shows are on the B side .

negative: Pittsburgh Sledgehammers The Pittsburgh Sledgehammers are a rugby league football team based in the Pittsburgh area . They are currently confirmed to be affiliated with the new USA Rugby League . They play their games at Founders Field in Cheswick , Pennsylvania .   The club was founded as the Pittsburgh Vipers , and joined the American National Rugby League ( AMNRL ) as an expansion team for the 2010 season . In 2011 they were one of seven teams to depart the AMNRL to form the USA Rugby League , adopting their current name shortly thereafter . On February 18 , 2011 it was announced they would serve as a `` developmental '' team in the new league . In June 2015 , it was announced the Sledgehammers would be coming out of hiatus and participate in the USARL in the 2016 season under new management .


query: Anne Boleyn is an influential person that was mentioned in many artistic and cultural work.

positive: Anne Boleyn Anne Boleyn ( -LSB- ˈbʊlɪn -RSB- , -LSB- bəˈlɪn -RSB- or -LSB- bʊˈlɪn -RSB- )  ( 1501 -- 19 May 1536 ) was Queen of England from 1533 to 1536 as the second wife of King Henry VIII , and Marquess of Pembroke in her own right . Henry 's marriage to her , and her subsequent execution by beheading , made her a key figure in the political and religious upheaval that was the start of the English Reformation . Her daughter Elizabeth would later succeed Henry VIII as Elizabeth I , Queen of England and Ireland .   Anne was the daughter of Thomas Boleyn , 1st Earl of Wiltshire , and his wife , Lady Elizabeth Howard , and was educated in the Netherlands and France , largely as a maid of honour to Claude of France .   Anne returned to England in early 1522 , to marry her Irish cousin James Butler , 9th Earl of Ormond ; the marriage plans were broken up by Cardinal Wolsey , and instead she secured a post at court as maid of honour to Henry VIII 's wife , Catherine of Aragon .   Early in 1523 Anne was secretly betrothed to Henry Percy , son of the 5th Earl of Northumberland , but the betrothal was broken by Cardinal Wolsey in January 1524 and Anne was sent back home to Hever Castle . In February/March 1526 , Henry VIII began his pursuit of Anne . She resisted his attempts to seduce her , refusing to become his mistress -- which her sister Mary had been . It soon became the one absorbing object of Henry 's desires to annul his marriage to Queen Catherine so he would be free to marry Anne . When it became clear that Pope Clement VII would not annul the marriage , the breaking of the power of the Catholic Church in England began . In 1532 , Henry granted Anne the Marquessate of Pembroke .   Henry and Anne married on 25 January 1533 , after a secret marriage on 14 November 1532 . On 23 May 1533 , newly appointed Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer declared Henry and Catherine 's marriage null and void ; five days later , he declared Henry and Anne 's marriage valid . Shortly afterwards , the Pope decreed sentences of excommunication against Henry and Cranmer . As a result of this marriage and these excommunications , the first break between the Church of England and Rome took place and the Church of England was brought under the King 's control . Anne was crowned Queen of England on 1 June 1533 . On 7 September , she gave birth to the future Queen Elizabeth I. Henry was disappointed to have a daughter rather than a son but hoped a son would follow and professed to love Elizabeth . Anne subsequently had three miscarriages , and by March 1536 , Henry was courting Jane Seymour . In order to marry Jane Seymour , Henry had to find reasons for his marriage with Anne to end .   Henry had Anne investigated for high treason in April 1536 . On 2 May she was arrested and sent to the Tower of London , where she was tried before a jury of peers -- which included Henry Percy , her former betrothed , and her own uncle , Thomas Howard -- and found guilty on 15 May . She was beheaded four days later . Modern historians view the charges against her , which included adultery , incest , and plotting to kill the king , as unconvincing . Some say that Anne was accused of witchcraft but the indictments make no mention of this charge .   After the coronation of her daughter , Elizabeth , as queen , Anne was venerated as a martyr and heroine of the English Reformation , particularly through the works of John Foxe . Over the centuries , she has inspired , or been mentioned , in many artistic and cultural works and thereby retained her hold on the popular imagination . She has been called `` the most influential and important queen consort England has ever had '' , for she provided the occasion for Henry VIII to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon and declare his independence from the Holy See .

negative: Wives of Henry VIII The wives of Henry VIII were the six queens consort wedded to Henry VIII of England between 1509 and 1547 .   The six women who were married to Henry VIII were , in chronological order :   Catherine of Aragon ( marriage annulled , died while detained under guard at Kimbolton Castle , mother of Mary I )  Anne Boleyn ( marriage annulled , then beheaded , mother of Elizabeth I )  Jane Seymour ( died twelve days after giving birth to Edward VI , believed to be caused by birth complications )  Anne of Cleves ( marriage annulled , outlived the rest of the wives )  Catherine Howard ( beheaded )  Catherine Parr ( widowed at death of Henry VIII , remarried to Thomas Seymour )   Henry 's first marriage lasted nearly 24 years , while the remaining five totaled less than 10 years combined .   A common mnemonic device to remember the fates of Henry 's consorts is `` Divorced , beheaded , died , divorced , beheaded , survived '' . There is also a rhyme :   However , Henry did not `` divorce '' two wives , but rather had the marriages annulled . At the time , the laws relating to marriage were under the jurisdiction of canon law , and there was no divorce under canon law . Henry 's marriage to Anne Boleyn was also annulled before her death . So if one accepts the courts ' finding that the annulled marriages had never existed , Henry only had three wives : Seymour , Howard and Parr . So the rhyme would be more like this :   It is often noted that Catherine Parr `` survived him . '' In fact , Anne of Cleves also survived the king , and was the last of his queens to die . Of the six queens , Catherine of Aragon , Anne Boleyn , and Jane Seymour each gave Henry one child who survived infancy : two daughters and one son . All three of these children would eventually ascend to the throne : King Edward VI , Queen Mary I , and Queen Elizabeth I.   Catherine Howard and Anne Boleyn , the two of Henry 's queens who were beheaded , were first cousins . Several of Henry 's wives worked in at least one of his other wives ' service , typically as ladies-in-waiting : Anne Boleyn worked in Catherine of Aragon 's service , Jane Seymour worked in Catherine of Aragon 's and Anne Boleyn 's , and Catherine Howard worked in Anne of Cleves 's .   Henry was distantly related to all six of his wives through their common ancestor , King Edward I of England .   Henry and at least four of his wives ( Catherine of Aragon , Anne Boleyn , Jane Seymour , and Catherine Parr ) were portrayed in opera .

negative: With Her Head Tucked Underneath Her Arm `` With Her Head Tucked Underneath Her Arm '' is a darkly humorous song , written in 1934 by R. P. Weston and Bert Lee , originally performed by Stanley Holloway . It tells of how the ghost of Anne Boleyn haunts the Tower of London , seeking revenge on Henry VIII for having her beheaded .   It has been covered by many performers , including :   The Kingston Trio , with a few changes in the lyrics , including :  `` Gadzooks , she 's going to tell him off for having spilt her gore . '' to `` Gadzooks , she 's going to tell him off . She 's feeling very sore . ''  `` And when they 've had a few they shout ` Is Ars ` nal going to win ? ' / They think it 's Alec James , instead of poor old Ann Boleyn '' to `` And when they 've had a few they shout ` Is Army going to win ? ' / They think that it 's Red Grange , instead of poor old Ann Boleyn ''  The Barron Knights , who also changed a few lyrics including :  `` And when they 've had a few they shout ` Is Ars ` nal going to win ? ' / They think it 's Alec James , instead of poor old Ann Boleyn '' to `` And when they 've had a few they shout ` Is Team going to win ? ' / They think that it 's Brian Clough , instead of poor old Ann Boleyn ''  Rudy Vallee in the late 1930s with `` The Old Sow Song '' on the reverse .  Bobby Clancy , who recorded it twice under the title `` Anne Boleyn , '' once with the Clancy Brothers on their 1982 Live album , and again on his 2000 solo album , Make Me a Cup .  Caryl P. Weiss , whose 1981 recording has been a mainstay on Dr. Demento 's Halloween show since .   It has appeared in many shows , including :  The song was used in the serial Spin and Marty on the Mickey Mouse Club TV show in the late 1950s .  During the episode `` Whine Club '' of the TV series Frasier , Daphne Moon sings the song at a brunch that Frasier is hosting in an attempt to get to know Niles ' new girlfriend , Mel .  During the episode `` They do it with Mirrors '' of the TV series Marple . The convicts sing together an excerpt of the song before the theater play .   Original recording by Roy Barbour in 1934 on Rex Records 8342 A with The Lion and Albert on the b side ( http://www.45worlds.com/78rpm/record/8342 )